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Piper R, Tremper A, Katsouyanni K, Fuller GW, Green D, Font A, Walton H, Rivas I, Evangelopoulos D. Associations between short-term exposure to airborne carbonaceous particles and mortality: A time-series study in London during 2010-2019. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 360:124720. [PMID: 39142429 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.124720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Revised: 08/04/2024] [Accepted: 08/11/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024]
Abstract
Exposure to ambient particulate matter (PM) has been identified as a major global health concern; however, the importance of specific chemical PM components remains uncertain. Recent studies have suggested that carbonaceous aerosols are important detrimental components of the particle mixture. Using time-series methods, we investigated associations between short-term exposure to carbonaceous particles and mortality in London, UK. Daily counts of non-accidental, respiratory, and cardiovascular deaths were obtained between 2010 and 2019. For the same period, daily concentrations of carbonaceous particles: organic (OC), elemental (EC), wood-burning (WC), total carbon (TC) and equivalent black carbon (eBC) were sourced from two centrally located monitoring sites (one urban-traffic and one urban-background). Generalized additive models were used to estimate the percentage change in mortality risk associated with interquartile range increases in particulate concentrations. Lagged effects up to 3 days were examined. Stratified analyses were conducted by age, sex, and season, separate analyses were also performed by site-type. For non-accidental mortality, positive associations were observed for all particle species at lag1, including statistically significant percentage risk changes in WC (0.51% (95%CI: 0.19%, 0.82%) per IQR (0.68 μg/m3)) and OC (0.45% (95%CI: 0.04%, 0.87% per IQR (2.36 μg/m3)). For respiratory deaths, associations were greatest for particulate concentrations averaged over the current and previous 3 days, with increases in risk of 1.70% (95%CI: 0.64%, 2.77%) for WC and 1.31% (95%CI: -0.08%, 2.71%) for OC. No associations were found with cardiovascular mortality. Results were robust to adjustment for particle mass concentrations. Stratified analyses suggested particulate effects were greatest in the summer and respiratory associations more pronounced in females. Our findings are supportive of an association between carbonaceous particles and non-accidental and respiratory mortality. The strongest evidence of an effect was for WC; this is of significance given the rising popularity of wood-burning for residential space heating and energy production across Europe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachael Piper
- Environmental Research Group, MRC Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Anja Tremper
- Environmental Research Group, MRC Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Klea Katsouyanni
- Environmental Research Group, MRC Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College, London, UK; NIHR HPRU in Environmental Exposures and Health, Imperial College, London, UK; Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Gary W Fuller
- Environmental Research Group, MRC Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - David Green
- Environmental Research Group, MRC Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College, London, UK; NIHR HPRU in Environmental Exposures and Health, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Anna Font
- IMT Nord Europe, Institut Mines-Télécom, Univ. Lille, Centre for Education, Research and Innovation in Energy and Environment (CERI EE), 59000, Lille, France
| | - Heather Walton
- Environmental Research Group, MRC Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College, London, UK; NIHR HPRU in Environmental Exposures and Health, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Ioar Rivas
- ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Dimitris Evangelopoulos
- Environmental Research Group, MRC Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College, London, UK; NIHR HPRU in Environmental Exposures and Health, Imperial College, London, UK.
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Tian Y, Ma Y, Wu J, Wu Y, Wu T, Hu Y, Wei J. Ambient PM 2.5 Chemical Composition and Cardiovascular Disease Hospitalizations in China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:16327-16335. [PMID: 39137068 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.4c05718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/15/2024]
Abstract
Little is known about the impacts of specific chemical components on cardiovascular hospitalizations. We examined the relationships of PM2.5 chemical composition and daily hospitalizations for cardiovascular disease in 184 Chinese cities. Acute PM2.5 chemical composition exposures were linked to higher cardiovascular disease hospitalizations on the same day and the percentage change of cardiovascular admission was the highest at 1.76% (95% CI, 1.36-2.16%) per interquartile range increase in BC, followed by 1.07% (0.72-1.43%) for SO42-, 1.04% (0.63-1.46%) for NH4+, 0.99% (0.55-1.43%) for NO3-, 0.83% (0.50-1.17%) for OM, and 0.80% (0.34%-1.26%) for Cl-. Similar findings were observed for all cause-specific major cardiovascular diseases, except for heart rhythm disturbances. Short-term exposures to PM2.5 chemical composition were related to higher admissions and showed diverse impacts on major cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaohua Tian
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No.13 Hangkong Road, 430030 Wuhan, China
| | - Yudiyang Ma
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No.13 Hangkong Road, 430030 Wuhan, China
| | - Junhui Wu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, No.38 Xueyuan Road, 100191 Beijing, China
| | - Yiqun Wu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, No.38 Xueyuan Road, 100191 Beijing, China
| | - Tao Wu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, No.38 Xueyuan Road, 100191 Beijing, China
| | - Yonghua Hu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, No.38 Xueyuan Road, 100191 Beijing, China
- Medical Informatics Center, Peking University, No.38 Xueyuan Road, 100191 Beijing, China
| | - Jing Wei
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Science, Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
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Shi C, Zhi J, Zhao H, Wang W, Zhang H, Zhou G, Fu X, Ba Y. Risk of heavy metal(loid) compositions in fine particulate matter on acute cardiovascular mortality: a poisson analysis in Anyang, China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOMETEOROLOGY 2024; 68:1275-1286. [PMID: 38625430 DOI: 10.1007/s00484-024-02665-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) is a risk factor of cardiovascular disease. Associations between PM2.5 compositions and cardiovascular disease are a point of special interest but inconsistent. This study aimed to explore the cardiovascular effects of heavy metal(loid) compositions in PM2.5. Data for mortality, air pollutants and meteorological factors in Anyang, China from 2017 to 2021 were collected. Heavy metal(loid) in PM2.5 were monitored and examined monthly. A Case-crossover design was applied to the estimated data set. The interquartile range increase in cadmium (Cd), antimony (Sb) and arsenic (As) at lag 1 was associated with increment of 8.1% (95% CI: 3.3, 13.2), 4.8% (95% CI: 0.2, 9.5) and 3.5% (95% CI: 1.1, 6.0) cardiovascular mortality. Selenium in lag 2 was inversely associated with cerebrovascular mortality (RR = 0.920 95% CI: 0.862, 0.983). Current-day exposure of aluminum was positively associated with mortality from ischemic heart disease (RR = 1.083 95% CI: 1.001, 1.172). Stratified analysis indicated sex, age and season modified the cardiovascular effects of As (P < 0.05). Our study reveals that heavy metal(loid) play key roles in adverse effects of PM2.5. Cd, Sb and As were significant risk factors of cardiovascular mortality. These findings have potential implications for accurate air pollutants control and management to improve public health benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaofan Shi
- Department of Environmental Health, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, PR China
- Department of Public Health, Anyang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Anyang, Henan, 455000, PR China
| | - Jianjun Zhi
- Department of Public Health, Anyang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Anyang, Henan, 455000, PR China
| | - Hongsheng Zhao
- Department of Public Health, Anyang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Anyang, Henan, 455000, PR China
| | - Wan Wang
- Department of Physical and Chemical Examination, Anyang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Anyang, Henan, 455000, PR China
| | - Hongjin Zhang
- Department of Public Health, Anyang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Anyang, Henan, 455000, PR China
| | - Guoyu Zhou
- Department of Environmental Health, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, PR China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Population Defects Prevention, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Birth Defects Prevention, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, PR China
| | - Xiaoli Fu
- Department of Environmental Health, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, PR China
| | - Yue Ba
- Department of Environmental Health, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, PR China.
- Henan Key Laboratory of Population Defects Prevention, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Birth Defects Prevention, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, PR China.
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Xu M, Wang M, Zhao M, Weng Z, Tong F, Pan Y, Liu X, Xie Y. Uncovering the differentiated impacts of carbon neutrality and clean air policies in multi-provinces of China. iScience 2024; 27:109966. [PMID: 38832014 PMCID: PMC11144726 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Ambitious action plans have been launched to address climate change and air pollution. Through coupling the IMED|CGE, GAINS, and IMED|HEL models, this study investigate the impacts of implementing carbon neutrality and clean air policies on the energy-environment-health-economy chain in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei-Henan-Shandong-Shanxi region of China. Results show that Shandong holds the largest reduction in energy consumption and carbon emissions toward the 1.5°C target. Shandong, Henan, and Hebei are of particularly prominent pollutant reduction potential. Synergistic effects of carbon reduction on decreasing PM2.5 concentration will increase in the future, specifically in energy-intensive regions. Co-deployment of carbon reduction and end-of-pipe technologies are beneficial to decrease PM2.5-related mortalities and economic loss by 4.7-12.9% in 2050. Provincial carbon reduction cost will be higher than monetary health benefits after 2030, indicating that more zero-carbon technologies should be developed. Our findings provide scientific enlightenment on policymaking toward achieving carbon reduction and pollution mitigation from multiple perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Xu
- School of Management, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China
| | - Minghao Wang
- China Institute of Marine Technology and Economy, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Mengdan Zhao
- School of Economics and Management, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Zhixiong Weng
- Institute of Circular Economy, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Fan Tong
- School of Economics and Management, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
- Laboratory for Low-carbon Intelligent Governance, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
- Peking University Ordos Research Institute of Energy, Ordos City, Inner Mongolia 017000, China
| | - Yujie Pan
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Energy Foundation China, Beijing 100004, China
| | - Yang Xie
- School of Economics and Management, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
- Laboratory for Low-carbon Intelligent Governance, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
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Li W, Zhou J, Boon D, Fan T, Anneser E, Goodman JE, Prueitt RL. Nickel in ambient particulate matter and respiratory or cardiovascular outcomes: A critical review. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 347:123442. [PMID: 38278409 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.123442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
Exposure to ambient particulate matter (PM) has been associated with respiratory and cardiovascular outcomes, and nickel has been more frequently associated with these outcomes than other metal constituents of ambient PM. Because of this, we evaluated whether the evidence to date supports causal relationships between exposure to nickel in ambient PM and respiratory or cardiovascular outcomes. We critically reviewed 38 studies in human populations published between 2012 and 2022. Although a large variety of respiratory and cardiovascular outcomes were examined, data were sparse for many. As a result, we focused our evaluation on seven respiratory outcomes and three cardiovascular outcomes that were each examined in ≥3 studies. Of these health outcomes, exposure to nickel in ambient PM has been statistically significantly associated with respiratory mortality, respiratory emergency hospital visits, asthma, lung function (i.e., forced expiratory volume in 1 s, forced vital capacity), cardiovascular mortality, and ischemic heart disease mortality. Studies of the health outcomes of focus are subject to multiple methodological limitations, primarily ecological fallacy (short-term exposure studies), exposure measurement error, confounding, model misspecification, and multiple comparisons issue. While some statistically significant associations were reported, they were not strong, precise, or consistent. Statistically significant findings for long-term exposure to nickel in PM were largely reported in studies that could not establish temporality, despite their cohort study design. Statistically significant findings for short-term exposure to nickel in PM were largely reported in studies that could establish temporality, although this cannot inform causal inference at the individual level due to the aggregate level data used. The biological plausibility of the associations is only supported at high concentrations not relevant to ambient exposures. Overall, the literature to date does not provide adequate support for a causal relationship between nickel in ambient PM and respiratory or cardiovascular outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenchao Li
- Gradient, One Beacon St., 17th Floor, Boston, MA, 02108, USA
| | - Jean Zhou
- Gradient, One Beacon St., 17th Floor, Boston, MA, 02108, USA
| | - Denali Boon
- Gradient, One Beacon St., 17th Floor, Boston, MA, 02108, USA
| | - Tongyao Fan
- Gradient, One Beacon St., 17th Floor, Boston, MA, 02108, USA
| | - Elyssa Anneser
- Gradient, One Beacon St., 17th Floor, Boston, MA, 02108, USA
| | - Julie E Goodman
- Gradient, One Beacon St., 17th Floor, Boston, MA, 02108, USA
| | - Robyn L Prueitt
- Gradient, One Beacon St., 17th Floor, Boston, MA, 02108, USA.
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6
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Sabour S, Harzand-Jadidi S, Jafari-Khounigh A, Zarea Gavgani V, Sedaghat Z, Alavi N. The association between ambient air pollution and migraine: a systematic review. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2024; 196:271. [PMID: 38363415 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-024-12376-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Some studies have shown the effect of air pollution on migraine. However, it needs to be confirmed in larger-scale studies, as scientific evidence is scarce regarding the association between air pollution and migraine. Therefore, this systematic review aims to determine whether there are associations between outdoor air pollution and migraine. A literature search was performed in Scopus, Medline (via PubMed), EMBASE, and Web of Science. A manual search for resources and related references was also conducted to complete the search. All observational studies investigating the association between ambient air pollution and migraine, with inclusion criteria, were entered into the review. Fourteen out of 1417 identified articles met the inclusion criteria and entered the study. Among the gaseous air pollutants, there was a correlation between exposure to nitrogen dioxide (NO2) (78.3% of detrimental relationships) and carbon monoxide (CO) (68.0% of detrimental relationships) and migraine, but no apparent correlation has been found for sulfur dioxide (SO2) (21.2% of detrimental relationships) and ozone (O3) (55.2% of detrimental relationships). In the case of particulate air pollutants, particulate matter with a diameter of 10 μm or less (PM10) (76.0% of detrimental relationships) and particulate matter with a diameter of 2.5 μm or less (PM2.5) (61.3% of detrimental relationships) had relationships with migraine. In conclusion, exposure to NO2, CO, PM10, and PM2.5 is associated with migraine headaches, while no conclusive evidence was found to confirm the correlation between O3 and SO2 with migraine. Further studies with precise methodology are recommended in different cities around the world for all pollutants with an emphasis on O3 and SO2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siamak Sabour
- Safety Promotions and Injury Prevention Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Sepideh Harzand-Jadidi
- Road Traffic Injury Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ali Jafari-Khounigh
- Road Traffic Injury Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Vahideh Zarea Gavgani
- Tabriz Health Services Management Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Zahra Sedaghat
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nadali Alavi
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health and Safety, Environmental and Occupational Hazards Control Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Chen H, Zhao Y, Wang M, Wang G, Liu J, Liu H, Yang B, Shan H, Wang L, Shi Y, Li H, Han C. Associations between short-term exposure to ambient PM 2.5 and incident cases of cardiovascular disease in Yantai, China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH 2024; 34:1124-1135. [PMID: 37092899 DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2023.2202899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
There are limited studies investigating the association between short-term exposure to PM2.5 and incident cardiovascular disease (CVD) cases in China. This study aims to examine the short-term effects of PM2.5 on the incidence of cardiovascular diseases. A combination of Poisson-distribution generalized linear model and distributed lag non-linear model was used to examine the association between short-term exposure to PM2.5 and incident cases of CVD. The results revealed that per 10 µg/m3 increment of PM2.5 would increase the incident CVD cases by 0.147% (Relative Risk: 1.00147, 95% Confidence Interval: 1.00008-1.00286) at a lag of 2 days. The stratified analyses showed higher effects risk in females, older residents (aged 60-75 years), and acute myocardial infarction group (p-value for difference <0.05). This study indicates that short-term exposure to PM2.5 may increase the risk of CVD and highlights the necessity for a higher air quality standard in Yantai, China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haotian Chen
- School of Public Health and Management, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Yang Zhao
- The George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Digital Health and Stroke Program, The George Institute for Global Health, Beijing, China
| | - Maobo Wang
- Department of Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Noncommunicable Diseases, Yantai Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Guangcheng Wang
- School of Public Health and Management, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Junyan Liu
- School of Public Health and Management, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Haiyun Liu
- The George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Baoshun Yang
- School of Public Health and Management, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Haifeng Shan
- School of Public Health and Management, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Luyang Wang
- School of Public Health and Management, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Yukun Shi
- School of Public Health and Management, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Hongyu Li
- School of Public Health and Management, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Chunlei Han
- School of Public Health and Management, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, China
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Li X, Wu H, Xing W, Xia W, Jia P, Yuan K, Guo F, Ran J, Wang X, Ren Y, Dong L, Sun S, Xu D, Li J. Short-term association of fine particulate matter and its constituents with oxidative stress, symptoms and quality of life in patients with allergic rhinitis: A panel study. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2023; 182:108319. [PMID: 37980881 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2023.108319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Short-term exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and its specific constituents might exacerbate allergic rhinitis (AR) conditions. However, the evidence is still inconclusive. METHOD We conducted a panel study of 49 patients diagnosed with AR > 1 year prior to the study in Taiyuan, China, to investigate associations of individual exposure to PM2.5 and its constituents with oxidative parameters, symptoms, and quality of life among AR patients. All participants underwent repeated assessments of health and PM exposure at 4 time points in both the heating and nonheating seasons from June 2017 to January 2018. AR patients' oxidative parameters were assessed using nasal lavage, and their subjective symptoms and quality of life were determined through in-person interviews using a structured questionnaire. Short-term personal exposure to PM2.5 and its constituents was estimated using the time-microenvironment-activity pattern and data from the nearest air sampler, respectively. We applied mixed-effects regression models to estimate the short-term effects of PM2.5 and its constituents. RESULTS The results showed that exposure to PM2.5 and its constituents, including BaP, PAHs, SO42-, NH4+, V, Cr, Cu, As, Se, Cd, and Pb, was significantly associated with increased oxidative stress, as indicated by an increase in the malondialdehyde (MDA) index. Exposure to PM2.5 and its components (V, Mn, Fe, Zn, As, and Se) was associated with decreased antioxidant activity, as indicated by a decrease in the superoxide dismutase (SOD) index. Additionally, increased visual analog scale (VAS) and rhinoconjunctivitis quality of life questionnaire (RQLQ) scores indicated that exposure to PM2.5 and its constituents exacerbated inflammatory symptoms and affected quality of life in AR patients. CONCLUSION Exposure to PM2.5 and specific constituents, could exacerbate AR patients' inflammatory symptoms and adversely affect their quality of life in the heavily industrialized city of Taiyuan, China. These findings may have potential biological and policy implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Li
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Taiyuan, China
| | - Haisheng Wu
- School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong
| | - Weiwei Xing
- Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wenrong Xia
- Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Pingping Jia
- JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Kun Yuan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Fang Guo
- School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong
| | - Jinjun Ran
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoling Wang
- Clinical Laboratory, Shanxi Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yanxin Ren
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Lina Dong
- Core Laboratory, Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Taiyuan, China
| | - Shengzhi Sun
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| | - Donggang Xu
- Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Jinhui Li
- Department of Urology, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA, USA.
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Liu N, Wang D, Tian J, Wang X, Shi H, Wang C, Jiang Y, Pang M, Fan X, Zhao J, Liu L, Wu H, Guan L, Zheng H, Shi D, Zhang Z. PM 2.5-bound metals and blood metals are associated with pulmonary function and Th17/Treg imbalance: A panel study of asthmatic adults. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 340:139869. [PMID: 37597628 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2023]
Abstract
Growing research has demonstrated that exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) was associated with decreased pulmonary function and obvious inflammatory response. However, few pieces of research focus on the effects of PM2.5-bound metals on people with asthma. Here, we assessed whether PM2.5 and PM2.5-bound metals exposure could worsen pulmonary function in asthmatic patients and further elucidate the possible mechanisms. Thirty-four asthmatic patients were recruited to follow up for one year with eight visits in 2019-2020 in Taiyuan City, China. The index of pulmonary function was detected and blood and nasal epithelial lining fluid (ELF) samples were acquired for biomarkers measurement at each follow-up. Linear mixed-effect (LME) models were used to evaluate the relations between PM2.5, PM2.5-bound metals, and blood metals with lung function and biomarkers of Th17/Treg balance. The individual PM2.5 exposure concentration varied from 37 μg/m3 to 194 μg/m3 (mean: 59.63 μg/m3) in the present study. An interquartile range (IQR) increment of PM2.5 total mass was associated with a faster decline in maximal mid-expiratory flow (MMEF) and higher interleukin-23 (IL-23). PM2.5-bound metals [e.g. copper (Cu), nickel (Ni), manganese (Mn), titanium (Ti), and zinc (Zn)] were significantly associated with IL-23 (Cu: 5.1126%, 95% CI: 9.3708, 0.8544; Mn: 14.7212%, 95% CI: 27.926, 1.5164; Ni: 1.0269%, 95% CI: 2.0273, 0.0264; Ti: 16.7536%, 95% CI: 31.6203, 1.8869; Zn: 24.5806%, 95% CI: 46.609, 2.5522). Meanwhile, blood lead (Pb) and Cu were associated with significant declines of 0.382-3.895% in MMEF and maximum ventilatory volume (MVV). Blood Pb was associated with descending transforming growth factor β (TGF-β). In conclusion, exposure to PM2.5-bound metals and blood metals is a risk factor for decreased pulmonary function, especially in small airways. These alterations might be partially attributed to the imbalance of Th17/Treg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nannan Liu
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China; Yellow River Basin Ecological Public Health Security Center, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China; Key Laboratory of Coal Environmental Pathogenicity and Prevention (Shanxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, China
| | - Dan Wang
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China; Yellow River Basin Ecological Public Health Security Center, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China; Key Laboratory of Coal Environmental Pathogenicity and Prevention (Shanxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, China
| | - Jiayu Tian
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China; Yellow River Basin Ecological Public Health Security Center, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China; Key Laboratory of Coal Environmental Pathogenicity and Prevention (Shanxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China; Yellow River Basin Ecological Public Health Security Center, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China; Key Laboratory of Coal Environmental Pathogenicity and Prevention (Shanxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, China
| | - Hao Shi
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China; Yellow River Basin Ecological Public Health Security Center, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China; Key Laboratory of Coal Environmental Pathogenicity and Prevention (Shanxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, China
| | - Caihong Wang
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China; Yellow River Basin Ecological Public Health Security Center, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China; Key Laboratory of Coal Environmental Pathogenicity and Prevention (Shanxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, China
| | - Yi Jiang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Min Pang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Xiaozhou Fan
- Shanxi Eco-Environmental Monitoring and Emergency Support Center (Shanxi Academy of Eco-Environmental Sciences), Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Shanxi Eco-Environmental Monitoring and Emergency Support Center (Shanxi Academy of Eco-Environmental Sciences), Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Liangpo Liu
- Yellow River Basin Ecological Public Health Security Center, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China; Key Laboratory of Coal Environmental Pathogenicity and Prevention (Shanxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, China; Department of Sanitary Inspection, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Hongyan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Coal Environmental Pathogenicity and Prevention (Shanxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, China; Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Linlin Guan
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China; Yellow River Basin Ecological Public Health Security Center, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China; Key Laboratory of Coal Environmental Pathogenicity and Prevention (Shanxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, China
| | - Huiqiu Zheng
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China; Yellow River Basin Ecological Public Health Security Center, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China; Key Laboratory of Coal Environmental Pathogenicity and Prevention (Shanxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, China
| | - Dongxing Shi
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China; Yellow River Basin Ecological Public Health Security Center, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China; Key Laboratory of Coal Environmental Pathogenicity and Prevention (Shanxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, China
| | - Zhihong Zhang
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China; Yellow River Basin Ecological Public Health Security Center, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China; Key Laboratory of Coal Environmental Pathogenicity and Prevention (Shanxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, China.
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10
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Mo S, Hu J, Yu C, Bao J, Shi Z, Zhou P, Yang Z, Luo S, Yin Z, Zhang Y. Short-term effects of fine particulate matter constituents on myocardial infarction death. J Environ Sci (China) 2023; 133:60-69. [PMID: 37451789 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2022.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Existing evidence suggested that short-term exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) may increase the risk of death from myocardial infarction (MI), while PM2.5 constituents responsible for this association has not been determined. We collected 12,927 MI deaths from 32 counties in southern China during 2011-2013. County-level exposures of ambient PM2.5 and its 5 constituents (i.e., elemental carbon (EC), organic carbon (OC), sulfate (SO42-), ammonium (NH4+), and nitrate (NO3-)) were aggregated from gridded datasets predicted by Community Multiscale Air Quality Modeling System. We employed a space-time-stratified case-crossover design and conditional logistic regression models to quantify the association of MI mortality with short-term exposure to PM2.5 and its constituents across various lag days. Over the study period, the daily mean PM2.5 mass concentration was 77.8 (standard deviation (SD) = 72.7) µg/m3. We estimated an odds ratio of 1.038 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.003-1.074), 1.038 (1.013-1.063) and 1.057 (1.023-1.097) for MI mortality associated with per interquartile range (IQR) increase in the 3-day moving-average exposure to PM2.5 (IQR = 76.3 µg/m3), EC (4.1 µg/m3) and OC (9.1 µg/m3), respectively. We did not identify significant association between MI death and exposure to water-soluble ions (SO42-, NH4+ and NO3-). Likelihood ratio tests supported no evident violations of linear assumptions for constituents-MI associations. Subgroup analyses showed stronger associations between MI death and EC/OC exposure in the elderly, males and cold months. Short-term exposure to PM2.5 constituents, particularly those carbonaceous aerosols, was associated with increased risks of MI mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaocai Mo
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Jianlin Hu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Chuanhua Yu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Junzhe Bao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Zhihao Shi
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Peixuan Zhou
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Zhiming Yang
- School of Economics and Management, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Siqi Luo
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Zhouxin Yin
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Yunquan Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China; Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China.
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11
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Coker ES, Saha Turna N, Schouwenburg M, Jalil A, Bradshaw C, Kuo M, Mastel M, Kazemian H, Roushorne M, Henderson SB. Characterization of the short-term temporal variability of road dust chemical mixtures and meteorological profiles in a near-road urban site in British Columbia. JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION (1995) 2023; 73:502-516. [PMID: 36880994 DOI: 10.1080/10962247.2023.2186964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Implications: Non-tailpipe emissions driven by springtime road dust in northern latitude communities is increasing in importance for air pollution control and improving our understanding of the health effects of chemical mixtures from particulate matter exposure. High-volume samples from a near-road site indicated that days affected by springtime road dust are substantively different from other days with respect to particulate matter mixture composition and meteorological drivers. The high load of trace elements in PM10 on high road dust days has important implications for the acute toxicity of inhaled air and subsequent health effects. The complex relationships between road dust and weather identified in this study may facilitate further research on the health effects of chemical mixtures related to road dust while also highlighting potential changes in this unique form of air pollution as the climate changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric S Coker
- Environmental Health Services, British Columbia Centre for Disease Control, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Nikita Saha Turna
- Environmental Health Services, British Columbia Centre for Disease Control, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Mya Schouwenburg
- Northern Analytical Lab Services (Northern BC's Environmental and Climate Solutions Innovation Hub), University of Northern British Columbia, Prince George, Canada
- Natural Resources & Environmental Studies Institute, University of Northern British Columbia, Prince George, Canada
| | - Ahmad Jalil
- Northern Analytical Lab Services (Northern BC's Environmental and Climate Solutions Innovation Hub), University of Northern British Columbia, Prince George, Canada
| | - Charles Bradshaw
- Northern Analytical Lab Services (Northern BC's Environmental and Climate Solutions Innovation Hub), University of Northern British Columbia, Prince George, Canada
| | - Michael Kuo
- Environmental Health Services, British Columbia Centre for Disease Control, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Molly Mastel
- Environmental Health Services, British Columbia Centre for Disease Control, Vancouver, Canada
- Occupational and Environmental Health Division, School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Hossein Kazemian
- Northern Analytical Lab Services (Northern BC's Environmental and Climate Solutions Innovation Hub), University of Northern British Columbia, Prince George, Canada
- Natural Resources & Environmental Studies Institute, University of Northern British Columbia, Prince George, Canada
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Northern British Columbia, Prince George, Canada
| | | | - Sarah B Henderson
- Environmental Health Services, British Columbia Centre for Disease Control, Vancouver, Canada
- Occupational and Environmental Health Division, School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
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12
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Hao H, Wang Y, Zhu Q, Zhang H, Rosenberg A, Schwartz J, Amini H, van Donkelaar A, Martin R, Liu P, Weber R, Russel A, Yitshak-sade M, Chang H, Shi L. National Cohort Study of Long-Term Exposure to PM 2.5 Components and Mortality in Medicare American Older Adults. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:6835-6843. [PMID: 37074132 PMCID: PMC10157884 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c07064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
There is increasing evidence linking long-term fine particulate matter (PM2.5) exposure to negative health effects. However, the relative influence of each component of PM2.5 on health risk is poorly understood. In a cohort study in the contiguous United States between 2000 and 2017, we examined the effect of long-term exposure to PM2.5 main components and all-cause mortality in older adults who had to be at least 65 years old and enrolled in Medicare. We estimated the yearly mean concentrations of six key PM2.5 compounds, including black carbon (BC), organic matter (OM), soil dust (DUST), nitrate (NO3-), sulfate (SO42-), and ammonium (NH4+), using two independently sourced well-validated prediction models. We applied Cox proportional hazard models to evaluate the hazard ratios for mortality and penalized splines for assessing potential nonlinear concentration-response associations. Results suggested that increased exposure to PM2.5 mass and its six main constituents were significantly linked to elevated all-cause mortality. All components showed linear concentration-response relationships in the low exposure concentration ranges. Our research indicates that long-term exposure to PM2.5 mass and its essential compounds are strongly connected to increased mortality risk. Reductions of fossil fuel burning may yield significant air quality and public health benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Hao
- Gangarosa
Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Yifan Wang
- Gangarosa
Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Qiao Zhu
- Gangarosa
Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Haisu Zhang
- Gangarosa
Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Andrew Rosenberg
- Gangarosa
Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Joel Schwartz
- Department
of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan
School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
- Department
of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School
of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Heresh Amini
- Section
of Environmental Health, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 1353, Denmark
| | - Aaron van Donkelaar
- Department
of Energy, Environmental & Chemical Engineering, Washington University at St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
| | - Randall Martin
- Department
of Energy, Environmental & Chemical Engineering, Washington University at St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
| | - Pengfei Liu
- School of
Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia
Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30318, United States
| | - Rodney Weber
- School of
Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia
Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30318, United States
| | - Armistead Russel
- School of
Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia
Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30318, United States
| | - Maayan Yitshak-sade
- Department
of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, United States
| | - Howard Chang
- Department
of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Liuhua Shi
- Gangarosa
Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
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13
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Guascito MR, Lionetto MG, Mazzotta F, Conte M, Giordano ME, Caricato R, De Bartolomeo AR, Dinoi A, Cesari D, Merico E, Mazzotta L, Contini D. Characterisation of the correlations between oxidative potential and in vitro biological effects of PM 10 at three sites in the central Mediterranean. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 448:130872. [PMID: 36716558 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.130872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Atmospheric particulate matter (PM) is one of the major risks for global health. The exact mechanisms of toxicity are still not completely understood leading to contrasting results when different toxicity metrics are compared. In this work, PM10 was collected at three sites for the determination of acellular oxidative potential (OP), intracellular oxidative stress (OSGC), cytotoxicity (MTT assay), and genotoxicity (Comet assay). The in vitro tests were done on the A549 cell line. The objective was to investigate the correlations among acellular and intracellular toxicity indicators, the variability among the sites, and how these correlations were influenced by the main sources by using PMF receptor model coupled with MLR. The OPDTTV, OSGCV, and cytotoxicity were strongly influenced by combustion sources. Advection of African dust led to lower-than-average intrinsic toxicity indicators. OPDTTV and OSGCV showed site-dependent correlations suggesting that acellular OP may not be fully representative of the intracellular oxidative stress at all sites and conditions. Cytotoxicity correlated with both OPDTTV and OSGCV at two sites out of three and the strength of the correlation was larger with OSGCV. Genotoxicity was correlated with cytotoxicity at all sites and correlated with both, OPDTTV and OSGCV, at two sites out of three. Results suggest that several toxicity indicators are useful to gain a global picture of the potential health effects of PM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Rachele Guascito
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences and Technologies (DISTEBA), University of Salento, Lecce 73100, Italy; Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate, ISAC-CNR, Str. Prv. Lecce-Monteroni km 1.2, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Maria Giulia Lionetto
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences and Technologies (DISTEBA), University of Salento, Lecce 73100, Italy
| | - Franco Mazzotta
- Studio Effemme Chimica Applicata, s.r.l. Via Pio XII, 73018 Squinzano, Italy
| | - Marianna Conte
- Laboratory for Observations and Analyses of Earth and Climate, Agenzia Nazionale per le Nuove Tecnologie, l'Energia e lo Sviluppo Economico Sostenibile (ENEA), 00123 Roma, Italy
| | - Maria Elena Giordano
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences and Technologies (DISTEBA), University of Salento, Lecce 73100, Italy
| | - Roberto Caricato
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences and Technologies (DISTEBA), University of Salento, Lecce 73100, Italy
| | - Anna Rita De Bartolomeo
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences and Technologies (DISTEBA), University of Salento, Lecce 73100, Italy
| | - Adelaide Dinoi
- Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate, ISAC-CNR, Str. Prv. Lecce-Monteroni km 1.2, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Daniela Cesari
- Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate, ISAC-CNR, Str. Prv. Lecce-Monteroni km 1.2, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Eva Merico
- Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate, ISAC-CNR, Str. Prv. Lecce-Monteroni km 1.2, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Laura Mazzotta
- Studio Effemme Chimica Applicata, s.r.l. Via Pio XII, 73018 Squinzano, Italy
| | - Daniele Contini
- Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate, ISAC-CNR, Str. Prv. Lecce-Monteroni km 1.2, 73100 Lecce, Italy.
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14
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Du P, Du H, Lu K, He MZ, Feng D, He M, Liu T, Hu J, Li T. Traffic-related PM 2.5 and its specific constituents on circulatory mortality: A nationwide modelling study in China. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2022; 170:107652. [PMID: 36446182 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2022.107652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Short-term fine particulate matter (PM2.5) exposure and increased circulatory mortality have been well documented. However, there are inconsistent findings on mortality effects of traffic-related pollutants from the perspective of sources or constituents. Few studies have examined such associations using source and constituents simultaneously, and even less are based on large-scale, nationally representative data. We aimed to conduct a comprehensive analysis to investigate source- and constituent-specific mortality effects due to traffic-related PM2.5 pollution in China. METHODS We extracted daily mortality data in 280 counties from the China Disease Surveillance Points system (DSPs) from January 2013 to December 2018. Daily concentrations of traffic-related PM2.5 and specific constituents were simulated using the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model. The downscaling and adjustment methods were carried out to generate a refined exposure assessment. We estimated the circulatory mortality risk using a standard two-stage approach, combining generalized linear model (GLM) with a quasi-Poisson distribution and random-effects meta-analysis. RESULTS We observed that traffic-related PM2.5 and specific constituents were significantly associated with increased circulatory mortality. An increase of interquartile range of traffic-related PM2.5, elemental carbon (EC), organic carbon (OC), and nitrate (NO3-) were associated with elevated circulatory mortality risks of 1.80 % (95 % confidence interval, CI: 1.27, 2.33), 1.85 % (1.33, 2.37), 1.42 % (0.90, 1.94), and 1.10 % (0.55, 1.66) at 3-day moving average (lag 0-2 days), respectively. We also found relatively high associations between traffic-related PM2.5 and EC exposures and cardiovascular mortality, and OC exposure and cerebrovascular mortality. Moreover, our stratified analysis demonstrated such mortality risks tended to be stronger in males, individuals age 65 years or older, and during the cold season. CONCLUSION Our findings provided robust evidence on significant associations of traffic-related PM2.5 and specific constituents with circulatory mortality. Further emissions abatement from the transportation sector and corresponding pollutants should merit a particular focus in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Du
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Hang Du
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Kailai Lu
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Mike Z He
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NY 10029, USA
| | - Da Feng
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Miao He
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Ting Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Jianlin Hu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Tiantian Li
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100021, China; School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China.
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15
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Zhou P, Hu J, Yu C, Bao J, Luo S, Shi Z, Yuan Y, Mo S, Yin Z, Zhang Y. Short-term exposure to fine particulate matter constituents and mortality: case-crossover evidence from 32 counties in China. SCIENCE CHINA. LIFE SCIENCES 2022; 65:2527-2538. [PMID: 35713841 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-021-2098-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
A growing number of studies associated increased mortality with exposures to specific fine particulate (PM2.5) constituents, while great heterogeneity exists between locations. In China, evidence linking PM2.5 constituents and mortality was extensively sparse. This study primarily aimed to quantify short-term associations between PM2.5 constituents and non-accidental mortality among the Chinese population. We collected daily mortality records from 32 counties in China between January 1, 2011, and December 31, 2013. Daily concentrations of main PM2.5 constituents (organic carbon (OC), elemental carbon (EC), nitrate (NO3-), sulfate (SO42-), and ammonium (NH4+)) were estimated using the modified Community Multiscale Air Quality model. Time-stratified case-crossover design with conditional logistic regression models was adopted to estimate mortality risks associated with short-term exposures to PM2.5 mass and its constituents. Stratification analyses were done by sex, age, and season. A total of 116,959 non-accidental deaths were investigated. PM2.5 concentrations on the day of death were averaged at 75.7 µg m-3 (control day: 75.6 µg m-3), with an interquartile range (IQR) of 65.2 µg m-3. Per IQR rise in PM2.5, EC, OC, NO3-, SO42-, and NH4+ at lag-04 day was associated with an increase in non-accidental mortality of 2.4% (95% confidence interval, (1.0-3.7), 1.7% (0.8-2.7), 2.9% (1.6-4.3), 2.1% (0.4-3.9), 1.0% (0.2-1.9), and 1.6% (0.3-2.9), respectively. Both PM2.5 mass and its constituents were strongly associated with elevated cardiovascular mortality risks, but only PM2.5, EC, and OC were positively associated with respiratory mortality at lag-3 day. PM2.5 mass and its constituents associated effects on mortality varied among sex- and age-specific subpopulations. Differences in the seasonal pattern of associations exist among PM2.5 constituents, with stronger effects related to EC and NO3- in warm months but SO42- and NH4+ in cold months. Short-term exposures to PM2.5 compositions were positively associated with increased risks of mortality, particularly those constituents from combustion-related sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peixuan Zhou
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - Jianlin Hu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China
| | - Chuanhua Yu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Junzhe Bao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Siqi Luo
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - Zhihao Shi
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China
| | - Yang Yuan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - Shaocai Mo
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - Zhouxin Yin
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - Yunquan Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430065, China.
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430065, China.
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16
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Zhang Y, Li W, Jiang N, Liu S, Liang J, Wei N, Liu Y, Tian Y, Feng D, Wang J, Wei C, Tang X, Li T, Gao P. Associations between short-term exposure of PM 2.5 constituents and hospital admissions of cardiovascular diseases among 18 major Chinese cities. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 246:114149. [PMID: 36228357 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.114149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies showed different risk effects on exposure of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) mass for cardiovascular disease (CVD) globally, which is likely due to different constituents of PM2.5. This study aimed to investigate the association between short-term exposure of PM2.5 constituents and hospital admissions of CVD. Daily counts of city-specific hospital admissions for CVD in 18 cities in China between 2014 and 2017 were extracted from the national Urban Employee Basic Medical Insurance database and the Beijing Municipal Commission of Health and Family Planning Information Center database. Directly measured PM2.5 constituents, including ions and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, were collected by the Chinese Environmental Public Health Tracking system. We used the time-stratified case-crossover design to estimate the association between PM2.5 constituents and hospital admissions of CVD. Concentrations of ions accounted for the majority of the detected constituents. Excess risk (ER) of average ions concentrations for CVD was highest as 2.30% (95% CI: 1.62-2.99%) for NH4+, whose major sources are residential and agricultural emissions. This was followed by 1.85% (1.30-2.41%) for NO3- (generally from vehicles), 0.95% (0.28-1.63%) for SO42- (often from fossil fuel burning) respectively. The association for ions were generally consistent with ischemic heart disease (IHD) and ischemic stroke, e.g., NH4+ was associated with IHD (2.50%; 1.52-3.48%) and ischemic stroke (1.77%; 0.65-2.9%). For polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), mainly from coal and vehicle-related oil combustion, the constituents were all associated with ischemic stroke but not for IHD. The ER for ischemic stroke was highest at 1.69% (0.99-2.39%) for indeno (123-cd) pyrene. Thus, in terms of the subtypes of CVD, the risks of hospital admissions varied with exposure to different PM2.5 constituents. Exposed to NH4+ had the highest risk to IHD and ischemic stroke, whereas PAHs were predominately associated with ischemic stroke only.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China; China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Ning Jiang
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Shudan Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jingyuan Liang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Nana Wei
- The Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Comprehensive Center or Disease Control and Prevention, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Yuanyuan Liu
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Yaohua Tian
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Da Feng
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Jinxi Wang
- Beijing HealthCom Data Technology Co, Ltd, Beijing, China
| | - Chen Wei
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xun Tang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Tiantian Li
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.
| | - Pei Gao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China; Center for Real-world Evidence evaluation, Peking University Clinical Research Institute, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, China.
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17
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Ji W, Zhao K, Liu C, Li X. Spatial characteristics of fine particulate matter in subway stations: Source apportionment and health risks. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 305:119279. [PMID: 35405218 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Air in subway stations is typically more polluted than ambient air, and particulate matter concentrations and compositions can vary greatly by location, even within a subway station. However, it is not known how the sources of particulate matter vary between different areas within subway stations, and source-specific health risks in subway stations are unclear. We analyzed the spatial characteristics of particulate matter by source and calculated source-specific health risks on subway platforms and concourses and in station offices by integrating source apportionment with health risk assessments. A total of 182 samples were collected in three areas in six subway stations in Nanjing, China. Enrichment factors and the positive matrix factorization receptor model were used to identify major sources. The carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic health risks to subway workers and passengers were evaluated to determine control priorities. Seven sources of particulate matter were identified in each area, with a total of four subway sources and six outdoor sources over all the areas. The source contributions to total element mass differed significantly from the source contributions to human health risks. Overall, subway sources contributed 48% of total element mass in the station office and 75% and 60% on the concourse and platform, respectively. Subway-derived sources accounted for 54%, 81%, and 71% of non-carcinogenic health risks on station platforms, concourses, and office areas, respectively. The corresponding values for carcinogenic risks were 51%, 86%, and 86%. Among the elements, cobalt had the largest contributions to carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks, followed by manganese for non-carcinogenic risks and hexavalent chromium for carcinogenic risks. Reducing emissions from subway sources could effectively protect the health of subway workers and passengers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Ji
- School of Civil and Resource Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Kaijia Zhao
- School of Civil and Resource Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Chenghao Liu
- School of Civil and Resource Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xiaofeng Li
- Department of Building Science, School of Architecture, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Indoor Air Quality Evaluation and Control, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
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18
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Joshi P, Dey S, Ghosh S, Jain S, Sharma SK. Association between Acute Exposure to PM 2.5 Chemical Species and Mortality in Megacity Delhi, India. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:7275-7287. [PMID: 35467339 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c06864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The association between daily all-cause mortality and short-term fine particulate matter (PM2.5) exposure is well established in the literature. However, association between acute exposure to PM2.5 chemical species and mortality is not well known, especially in developing countries like India. Here we examined associations between mortality and acute exposure to PM2.5 mass concentration and their 15 chemical components using data from 2013 to 2016 in megacity Delhi using a semiparametric quasi-Poisson regression model, adjusting for mean temperature, relative humidity, and long-term time trend as the major potential confounders. Mortality estimates were further checked for effect modification by sex, age group, and season. The subspecies of NO3-, NH4NO3, Cr, NH4+, EC, and OC showed a higher mortality impact than the total PM2.5 mass. Males were at higher risk from NO3-, SO42-, and their NH4+ compounds along with carcinogen Cr, whereas female group was at higher risk from EC and OC. Among all age groups, the elderly above 65 years were the most vulnerable group prone to mortality effects from maximum species. The major mortality risk from all hazardous species arose from their winter exposures. Our study provides the first evidence of association between acute exposure to PM2.5 chemical species and mortality anywhere in India and recommends similar studies in other regions so that sectoral mitigation emitting the most toxic species can be prioritized to maximize the health benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pallavi Joshi
- Centre for Atmospheric Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Delhi 110016 India
| | - Sagnik Dey
- Centre for Atmospheric Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Delhi 110016 India
- Centre of Excellence for Research on Clean Air, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Delhi 110016, India
- School of Public Policy, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Delhi 110016, India
| | - Santu Ghosh
- St. John's Medical College, Bengaluru 560034, India
| | - Srishti Jain
- Centre for Atmospheric Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Delhi 110016 India
| | - Sudhir Kumar Sharma
- CSIR-National Physical Laboratory, Dr. K S Krishnan Road, Delhi 110012, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201 002, India
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Guo LC, Lv Z, Ma W, Xiao J, Lin H, He G, Li X, Zeng W, Hu J, Zhou Y, Li M, Yu S, Xu Y, Zhang J, Zhang H, Liu T. Contribution of heavy metals in PM 2.5 to cardiovascular disease mortality risk, a case study in Guangzhou, China. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 297:134102. [PMID: 35219707 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metals play an important role in inducing fine particulate matter (PM2.5) related cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, most of the past researches concerned the associations between CVD mortality and the PM2.5 mass, which may not reveal the CVD mortality risk contributed by heavy metals in PM2.5. This study explored the correlations between individual heavy metals in PM2.5 and CVD mortality, identified the heavy metals that significantly contribute to PM2.5-related CVD, heart disease (HD), and cerebrovascular disease (CEV) mortality, and attempted to establish corresponding source control measures. Over a 2-year study period, PM2.5 was sampled daily in Guangzhou, China and analyzed for heavy metals. The airborne pollution and weather data, along with CVD, HD, and CEV mortality, were obtained at the same time. The excess risk (ER) of mortality was linked to the individual heavy metals using a distributed lag non-linear model. PM2.5 and most heavy metals showed significant correlations with the CVD, HD, and CEV mortality; the largest cumulative ER (LCER) values of CVD mortality associated with an interquartile range increase in the levels of lead, cadmium, arsenic, selenium, antimony, nickel, thallium, aluminum, iron, and PM2.5 were 2.43%, 2.23%, 1.66%, 2.39%, 1.19%, 1.21%, 2.69%, 3.29%, 1.74%, and 2.40%, respectively. Most heavy metals showed comparable LCER values of HD and CEV mortality. Heavy metals with the addition of PM2.5 were divided into three groups following their LCER values; lead, cadmium, arsenic, antimony, thallium, zinc, aluminum, and iron, whose contributions were greater than or equal to the average effect of the PM2.5 components, should be limited on a priority basis. These findings indicated that heavy metals play roles in the CVD, HD, and CEV mortality risk of PM2.5, and specific control measures which aimed at the emission sources should be taken to reduce the CVD mortality risk of PM2.5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Chuan Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Ecological Effect and Risk Assessment of Chemicals, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Zhanlu Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Ecological Effect and Risk Assessment of Chemicals, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Wenjun Ma
- School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Jianpeng Xiao
- Guangdong Provincial Institute of Public Health, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, 511430, China
| | - Hualiang Lin
- Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Guanhao He
- Guangdong Provincial Institute of Public Health, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, 511430, China
| | - Xing Li
- Guangdong Provincial Institute of Public Health, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, 511430, China
| | - Weilin Zeng
- Guangdong Provincial Institute of Public Health, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, 511430, China
| | - Jianxiong Hu
- Guangdong Provincial Institute of Public Health, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, 511430, China
| | - Yan Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Institute of Public Health, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, 511430, China
| | - Min Li
- Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, 511430, China
| | - Shengbing Yu
- Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, 511430, China
| | - Yanjun Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, 511430, China
| | - Jinliang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Ecological Effect and Risk Assessment of Chemicals, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Han Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Ecological Effect and Risk Assessment of Chemicals, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Tao Liu
- School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
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20
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Song X, Hu Y, Ma Y, Jiang L, Wang X, Shi A, Zhao J, Liu Y, Liu Y, Tang J, Li X, Zhang X, Guo Y, Wang S. Is short-term and long-term exposure to black carbon associated with cardiovascular and respiratory diseases? A systematic review and meta-analysis based on evidence reliability. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e049516. [PMID: 35504636 PMCID: PMC9066484 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-049516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Adverse health effects of fine particles (particulate matter2.5) have been well documented by a series of studies. However, evidences on the impacts of black carbon (BC) or elemental carbon (EC) on health are limited. The objectives were (1) to explored the effects of BC and EC on cardiovascular and respiratory morbidity and mortality, and (2) to verified the reliability of the meta-analysis by drawing p value plots. DESIGN The systematic review and meta-analysis using adapted Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach and p value plots approach. DATA SOURCES PubMed, Embase and Web of Science were searched from inception to 19 July 2021. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA FOR SELECTING STUDIES Time series, case cross-over and cohort studies that evaluated the associations between BC/EC on cardiovascular or respiratory morbidity or mortality were included. DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS Two reviewers independently selected studies, extracted data and assessed risk of bias. Outcomes were analysed via a random effects model and reported as relative risk (RR) with 95% CI. The certainty of evidences was assessed by adapted GRADE. The reliabilities of meta-analyses were analysed by p value plots. RESULTS Seventy studies met our inclusion criteria. (1) Short-term exposure to BC/EC was associated with 1.6% (95% CI 0.4% to 2.8%) increase in cardiovascular diseases per 1 µg/m3 in the elderly; (2) Long-term exposure to BC/EC was associated with 6.8% (95% CI 0.4% to 13.5%) increase in cardiovascular diseases and (3) The p value plot indicated that the association between BC/EC and respiratory diseases was consistent with randomness. CONCLUSIONS Both short-term and long-term exposures to BC/EC were related with cardiovascular diseases. However, the impact of BC/EC on respiratory diseases did not present consistent evidence and further investigations are required. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42020186244.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuping Song
- School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Yue Hu
- School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Yan Ma
- School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Liangzhen Jiang
- School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Xinyi Wang
- Second Clinical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Anchen Shi
- Department of General Surgery, Xi'an Jiaotong University Medical College First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Junxian Zhao
- School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Yunxu Liu
- School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Yafei Liu
- School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Jing Tang
- School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Xiayang Li
- School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Xiaoling Zhang
- College of Atmospheric Sciences, Chengdu University of Information Technology, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yong Guo
- Department of Civil Affairs in Guizhou Province, Guizhou Province People's Government, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Shigong Wang
- College of Atmospheric Sciences, Chengdu University of Information Technology, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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21
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Vehicular Traffic in Urban Areas: Health Burden and Influence of Sustainable Urban Planning and Mobility. ATMOSPHERE 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos13040598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Vehicular traffic is one of the major sources of air pollution in European cities. This work aims to understand which characteristics of the urban environment could influence mobility-related air pollution, quantify the health impacts of exposure to traffic-derived PM2.5 and NO2 concentrations, and assess the potential health benefits expected from traffic interventions. The health benefits modeled are intended to provide a set of comparable data to support decision-makers and encourage informed decision-making to design healthier cities. Targeting a large geographical coverage, 12 European cities from 9 countries were comparatively assessed in terms of mean daily traffic volume/area, the number of public transport stops/area, and the percentage of green and outdoor leisure areas, among other urban indicators. This was implemented using an open-source data mining tool, which was seen as a useful engine to identify potential strategies to improve air quality. The comparison of urban indicators in the selected cities evidenced two trends: (a) cities with the most heterogeneous distribution of public transport stops, as an indicator of poor accessibility, are also those with the lowest proportion of km dedicated to cycleways and footways, highlighting the need in these cities for more sustainable mobility management; and (b) the percentage of green and outdoor leisure areas may influence the share of journeys by bicycle, pointing out that promoting the perception of green routes is relevant to enhance the potential of active transport modes. Socioeconomic factors can be key determinants of the urban indicators and would need further consideration. For the health impact assessment (HIA), two baseline scenarios were evaluated and compared. One is based on mean annual traffic contributions to PM2.5 concentrations in each target city (ranging between 1.9 and 13 µg/m3), obtained from the literature, and the second is grounded on mean annual NO2 concentrations at all available traffic and urban background stations within each city (17.2–83.5 µg/m3), obtained from the European Environment Agency database. The intervention scenarios modeled were designed based on traffic mitigation strategies in the literature, and set to ranges of 6–50% in traffic-derived PM2.5 concentrations and of 4–12.5% in NO2 concentrations. These scenarios could result in only a 1.7% (0.6–4%) reduction in premature mortality due to exposure to traffic-derived PM2.5, and 1.0% (0.4–2%) due to exposure to NO2, as the mean for all the cities. This suggests that more ambitious pollution abatement strategies should be targeted.
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22
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Gini M, Manousakas M, Karydas AG, Eleftheriadis K. Mass size distributions, composition and dose estimates of particulate matter in Saharan dust outbreaks. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 298:118768. [PMID: 34990737 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.118768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The present study highlights the importance of examining the contribution of Saharan dust (SD) sources not only in terms of overall mass contribution but also in terms of composition, size distribution and inhaled dose. The effect of SD intrusions on PM and the respective major and trace metals mass concentrations and size distributions was investigated in a suburban site in Athens, Greece. SD events were associated, on average, with lower boundary layer heights (BLH) compared to the non-Sahara (nSD) dust days. During SD events, PM1-10 concentrations showed an increasing trend with increasing atmospheric BLH, in contrary to the fine PM (PM1). Generally, increased PM1 and CO (i.e. anthropogenic origin) levels were observed for BLH lower than around 500 m. The average contribution of SD to PM10 and PM2.5 mass concentration was roughly equal to 30.9% and 19.4%, respectively. The mass size distributions of PM and specific major and trace elements (Na, Al, Si, S, Cl, K, Ca, Fe, and Zn) displayed a somewhat different behavior with respect to the mass origin (Algeria-Tunisia vs Libya-Egypt), affecting in turn the regional deposition of inhaled aerosol in the human respiratory tract (HRT). The average PM deposited mass in the upper and lower HRT was 80.1% (Head) and 26.9% (Lung; Tracheobronchial and Pulmonary region) higher for SD days than for nSD days. Higher doses were estimated in the upper and lower HRT for the majority of the elements, when SD intrusions occurred, supporting the increasingly growing interest in exploring the health effects of SD. Only the mass deposition for S, and Na in the lower HRT and Zn in the upper HRT was higher in the case of nSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Gini
- Environmental Radioactivity Laboratory, Institute of Nuclear & Radiological Sciences & Technology, Energy & Safety, N.C.S.R. "Demokritos", Agia Paraskevi, Athens, 15310, Greece.
| | - M Manousakas
- Environmental Radioactivity Laboratory, Institute of Nuclear & Radiological Sciences & Technology, Energy & Safety, N.C.S.R. "Demokritos", Agia Paraskevi, Athens, 15310, Greece; Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI), Villigen, Switzerland
| | - A G Karydas
- Institute of Nuclear and Particle Physics, N.C.S.R. "Demokritos", 15310, Agia Paraskevi, Athens, Greece
| | - K Eleftheriadis
- Environmental Radioactivity Laboratory, Institute of Nuclear & Radiological Sciences & Technology, Energy & Safety, N.C.S.R. "Demokritos", Agia Paraskevi, Athens, 15310, Greece
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23
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Zhang Y, Liu L, Zhang L, Yu C, Wang X, Shi Z, Hu J, Zhang Y. Assessing short-term impacts of PM 2.5 constituents on cardiorespiratory hospitalizations: Multi-city evidence from China. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2021; 240:113912. [PMID: 34968974 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2021.113912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Apart from concentrations of particulate mass, PM2.5-associated effects on health may largely depend on its chemical components. However, little is known regarding the underlying effects of specific PM2.5 constituents. The study included nearly 1 million hospital admissions from five Chinese cities during 2015-2017. Based on the modified Community Multiscale Air Quality model, our study simulated daily concentrations of PM2.5 and five main components. We used a time-stratified case-crossover design with conditional logistic regression models to estimate short-term effects of PM2.5 constituents on cause-specific hospital admissions. Per interquartile range increase in exposure to PM2.5, elemental carbon, organic carbon, nitrate, sulfate and ammonium at lag 04-day was related to an excess risk (ER%) for non-accidental admissions of 1.6% [95% confidence interval: 1.1-2.0], 1.9% [1.3-2.4], 1.0% [0.5-1.6], 1.2% [0.4-2.0], 1.2% [0.9-1.5] and 1.4% [0.9-1.9], respectively. Great heterogeneities of constituents-admission associations existed in diverse causes and constituents. This study provided multi-center high-quality evidence that hospital admissions, particularly those for ischemic heart disease (ER% ranging from 2.3 to 5.4% at lag 04-day) and pneumonia (1.9-5.1% at lag 4-day), could be triggered by short-term exposures to ambient PM2.5 constituents. Relatively stronger constituents-admission associations were found among females for respiratory causes and the elderly for cardiovascular causes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - Linjiong Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - Liansheng Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - Chuanhua Yu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China; Institute of Global Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Xuyan Wang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Zhihao Shi
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China
| | - Jianlin Hu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China.
| | - Yunquan Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430065, China; Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430065, China.
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24
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Spatial Distribution and Chemical Composition of Road Dust in Two High-Altitude Latin American Cities. ATMOSPHERE 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos12091109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Road dust (RD) resuspension is one of the main sources of particulate matter in cities with adverse impacts on air quality, health, and climate. Studies on the variability of the deposited PM10 fraction of RD (RD10) have been limited in Latin America, whereby our understanding of the central factors that control this pollutant remains incomplete. In this study, forty-one RD10 samples were collected in two Andean cities (Bogotá and Manizales) and analyzed for ions, minerals, and trace elements. RD10 levels varied between 1.8–45.7 mg/m2, with an average of 11.8 mg/m2, in Bogotá and between 0.8–26.7 mg/m2, with an average of 5.7 mg/m2, in Manizales. Minerals were the most abundant species in both cities, with a fraction significantly larger in Manizales (38%) than Bogotá (9%). The difference could be explained mainly by the complex topography and the composition of soil derived from volcanic ash in Manizales. The volcanic activity was also associated with SO4−2 and Cl−. Enrichment factors and principal component analysis were conducted to explore potential factors associated to sources of RD10. Elements such as Cu, Pb, Cr, Ni, V, Sb, and Mo were mainly associated with exhaust and non-exhaust traffic emissions.
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Van Ryswyk K, Evans GJ, Kulka R, Sun L, Sabaliauskas K, Rouleau M, Anastasopolos AT, Wallace L, Weichenthal S. Personal exposures to traffic-related air pollution in three Canadian bus transit systems: the Urban Transportation Exposure Study. JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE & ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY 2021; 31:628-640. [PMID: 32678304 PMCID: PMC8263338 DOI: 10.1038/s41370-020-0242-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to traffic-related air pollution (TRAP) is associated with increased incidence of several cardiopulmonary diseases. The elevated TRAP exposures of commuting environments can result in significant contributions to daily exposures. OBJECTIVES To assess the personal TRAP exposures (UFPs, BC, PM2.5, and PM10) of the bus transit systems of Toronto, Ottawa, and Vancouver, Canada. Personal exposure models estimated the contribution of bus commuting to daily TRAP exposures. Associations between bus type and riding exposures and bus stop/station type and waiting exposures were estimated. RESULTS Bus commuting (4.6% of the day) contributed ~59%(SD = 15%), 60%(SD = 20%), and 57%(SD = 18%) of daily PM2.5-Ba and 70%(SD = 19%), 64%(SD = 15%), and 70%(SD = 15%) of daily PM2.5-Fe, in Toronto, Ottawa, and Vancouver, respectively. Enclosed bus stations were found to be hotspots of PM2.5 and BC. Buses with diesel particulate filters (DPFs) and hybrid diesel/electric propulsion were found to have significantly lower in-bus PM2.5, UFP, and BC relative to 1983-2003 diesel buses in each city with the exception of UFP in Vancouver. SIGNIFICANCE Personal exposures for traffic-related air pollutants were assessed for three Canadian bus transit systems. In each system, bus commuting was estimated to contribute significantly toward daily exposures of fine-fraction Ba and Fe as well as BC. Exposures while riding were associated with bus type for several pollutants in each city. These associations suggest the use of hybrid diesel/electric buses equipped with diesel particulate filters have improved air quality for riders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keith Van Ryswyk
- Air Health Science Division, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0K9, Canada.
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | - Greg J Evans
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ryan Kulka
- Air Health Science Division, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0K9, Canada
| | - Liu Sun
- Air Health Science Division, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0K9, Canada
| | - Kelly Sabaliauskas
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Mathieu Rouleau
- Air Health Science Division, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0K9, Canada
| | | | | | - Scott Weichenthal
- Air Health Science Division, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0K9, Canada
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3A 1A2, Canada
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Wu Y, Li H, Xu D, Li H, Chen Z, Cheng Y, Yin G, Niu Y, Liu C, Kan H, Yu D, Chen R. Associations of fine particulate matter and its constituents with airway inflammation, lung function, and buccal mucosa microbiota in children. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 773:145619. [PMID: 33926694 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/30/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have suggested acute effects of ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5) air pollution on respiratory health among children, but evidence for PM2.5 constituents and respiratory health were still limited. OBJECTIVES To investigate associations of short-term exposure to PM2.5 and its constituents with airway inflammation, lung function, and airway microbiota in children. METHODS We conducted a longitudinal panel study with 3 repeated health measurements among 62 children in Shanghai, China from November 2018 to June 2019. Respiratory health was measured by fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO), saliva tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), lung function (forced vital capacity and forced exhaled volume in 1 s), and microbiota diversity in buccal mucosa samples. Based on the linear mixed-effect models, we applied the single-constituent models and the constituent-PM2.5 adjustment models to examine the associations between PM2.5 constituents and health outcomes. RESULT Short-term exposure to PM2.5 was associated with higher TNF-α, FeNO levels and reduced lung function. Among all constituents, organic carbon, elemental carbon, NO3- and NH4+ had the consistent and strongest associations with airway inflammation biomarkers and lung function parameters, followed by metallic elements. We also found short-term PM2.5 exposure was associated with decreased diversity in buccal mucosa bacterial community and two bacterial phyla, Fusobacteria and Proteobacteria, were identified as differential microbes with PM2.5 exposure. CONCLUSION Short-term exposure to PM2.5 may impair children's respiratory health represented by higher airway inflammation, lower lung function and altered buccal mucosa microbial colonization. Organic carbon, elemental carbon, NO3- and NH4+ may dominate these effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihan Wu
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education and NHC Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Hongjin Li
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education and NHC Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Dong Xu
- Xuhui District Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Huichu Li
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H.Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Zhe Chen
- Xuhui District Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Yu Cheng
- Xuhui District Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Guanjin Yin
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education and NHC Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yue Niu
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education and NHC Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Cong Liu
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education and NHC Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Haidong Kan
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education and NHC Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Dedong Yu
- Department of 2nd Dental Center, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China.
| | - Renjie Chen
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education and NHC Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Shanghai Typhoon Institute/CMA, Shanghai, Key Laboratory of Meteorology and Health, Shanghai, 200030, China.
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Ji W, Li X, Wang C. Composition and exposure characteristics of PM 2.5 on subway platforms and estimates of exposure reduction by protective masks. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 197:111042. [PMID: 33753077 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
There is limited information on exposure to metallic constituents of fine particulate matter in subway stations. We characterized the concentrations and composition of airborne fine particulate pollution on six subway platforms in Nanjing, China in both summer and winter of 2019. A microenvironment exposure model was used to evaluate the concentrations of elements in fine particulate matter and the contribution of exposure duration (time spent in the subway station) to overall daily exposure of subway workers and commuters with and without the use of N95 respirators, surgical masks, and cotton masks. We found that airborne fine particulate pollution on station platforms was much higher than in an urban reference site of ambient air, and the same was true for metallic constituents of the particles, such as iron, copper, manganese, strontium, and vanadium. Subway workers were exposed to higher levels of these airborne metals than commuters. The average daily exposure concentration of fine particulate matter was 73.5 μg/m3 for subway workers and 61.8 μg/m3 for commuters, while the average daily exposure to iron was 15.5 μg/m3 for subway workers and 2.0 μg/m3 for commuters. Subway workers were exposed to iron, copper, manganese, and strontium/vanadium at levels approximately eight-fold, four-fold, three-fold, and two-fold greater than the exposure sustained by commuters, respectively. We calculated that wearing N95 respirators or surgical masks can reduce the exposure to these airborne metallic particles significantly for both subway workers and commuters. Overall, we estimate that personal exposure to airborne fine particulate matter on subway platforms can be reduced through the use of N95 respirators or properly fitting masks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Ji
- School of Civil and Resource Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Xiaofeng Li
- Department of Building Science, School of Architecture, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Indoor Air Quality Evaluation and Control, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
| | - Chunwang Wang
- Department of Building Science, School of Architecture, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
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Ji W, Liu C, Liu Z, Wang C, Li X. Concentration, composition, and exposure contributions of fine particulate matter on subway concourses in China. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 275:116627. [PMID: 33582633 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.116627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Concentrations of airborne metal-rich particles are typically higher on subway platforms and in subway tunnels than in ambient air. The subway concourse is an area of direct air exchange with both platforms and the outside environment, but few researchers have measured the concentrations and composition of fine particles on subway concourses. We characterized the concentrations and composition of fine particles on six subway concourses in Nanjing, China in both summer and winter. We used a respiration rate-adjusted microenvironment exposure model to estimate the contribution of a 6-h work period to daily mean exposure to fine particulate matter of subway workers and compared the estimate with those for general indoor and outdoor workers. We found that particle concentrations were typically higher on the station concourses than in ambient air. The most abundant elements composing the particles were Fe, S, Ca, Si, and K in both subway concourses and reference ambient air, but their contents varied greatly between indoor and outdoor air. The indoor/outdoor ratios of Fe, Cu, and Mn were highest, and subway workers were disproportionately exposed to these three metals. The mean daily exposure dose to Fe was 44.8 μg for subway workers, approximately five times the exposure dose of indoor and outdoor workers. Daily exposure doses of Cu, Mn, V, Sr, As, Co, Sn, and Cr were also higher for subway workers. The quality of indoor air at subway stations is therefore of occupational health concern and strategies should be formulated to reduce worker exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Ji
- School of Civil and Resource Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Chenghao Liu
- School of Civil and Resource Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Zhenzhe Liu
- Department of Building Science, School of Architecture, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Chunwang Wang
- Department of Building Science, School of Architecture, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Xiaofeng Li
- Department of Building Science, School of Architecture, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Indoor Air Quality Evaluation and Control, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
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Edlund KK, Killman F, Molnár P, Boman J, Stockfelt L, Wichmann J. Health Risk Assessment of PM 2.5 and PM 2.5-Bound Trace Elements in Thohoyandou, South Africa. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18031359. [PMID: 33540914 PMCID: PMC7908426 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18031359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
We assessed the health risks of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) ambient air pollution and its trace elemental components in a rural South African community. Air pollution is the largest environmental cause of disease and disproportionately affects low- and middle-income countries. PM2.5 samples were previously collected, April 2017 to April 2018, and PM2.5 mass determined. The filters were analyzed for chemical composition. The United States Environmental Protection Agency’s (US EPA) health risk assessment method was applied. Reference doses were calculated from the World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines, South African National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS), and US EPA reference concentrations. Despite relatively moderate levels of PM2.5 the health risks were substantial, especially for infants and children. The average annual PM2.5 concentration was 11 µg/m3, which is above WHO guidelines, but below South African NAAQS. Adults were exposed to health risks from PM2.5 during May to October, whereas infants and children were exposed to risk throughout the year. Particle-bound nickel posed both non-cancer and cancer risks. We conclude that PM2.5 poses health risks in Thohoyandou, despite levels being compliant with yearly South African NAAQS. The results indicate that air quality standards need to be tightened and PM2.5 levels lowered in South Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl Kilbo Edlund
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SE-405 30 Göteborg, Sweden; (F.K.); (P.M.); (L.S.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Felicia Killman
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SE-405 30 Göteborg, Sweden; (F.K.); (P.M.); (L.S.)
| | - Peter Molnár
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SE-405 30 Göteborg, Sweden; (F.K.); (P.M.); (L.S.)
| | - Johan Boman
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, SE-412 96 Göteborg, Sweden;
| | - Leo Stockfelt
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SE-405 30 Göteborg, Sweden; (F.K.); (P.M.); (L.S.)
| | - Janine Wichmann
- School of Health Systems and Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Gezina 0031, South Africa;
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Lin YK, Cheng CP, Kim H, Wang YC. Risk of ambulance services associated with ambient temperature, fine particulate and its constituents. Sci Rep 2021; 11:1651. [PMID: 33462328 PMCID: PMC7813819 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-81197-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Short-term adverse health effects of constituents of fine particles with aerodynamic diameters less than or equal to 2.5 μm (PM2.5) have been revealed. This study aimed to evaluate the real-time health outcome of ambulance services in association with ambient temperature and mass concentrations of total PM2.5 level and constituents in Kaohsiung City, an industrialized city with the worst air quality in Taiwan. Cumulative 6-day (lag0-5) relative risk (RR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of daily ambulance services records of respiratory distress, coma and unconsciousness, chest pain, headaches/dizziness/vertigo/fainting/syncope, lying at public, and out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) in association with ambient temperature and mass concentrations of total PM2.5 level and constituents (nitrate, sulfate, organic carbon (OC), and elemental carbon (EC)) from 2006 to 2010 were evaluated using a distributed lag non-linear model with quasi-Poisson function. Ambulance services of chest pain and OHCA were significantly associated with extreme high (30.8 °C) and low (18.2 °C) temperatures, with cumulative 6-day RRs ranging from 1.37 to 1.67 at the reference temperature of 24–25 °C. Daily total PM2.5 level had significant effects on ambulance services of lying at public and respiratory distress. After adjusting the cumulative 6-day effects of temperature and total PM2.5 level, RRs of ambulance services of lying at public associated with constituents at 90th percentile versus 25th percentile were 1.35 (95% CI: 1.08, 1.68) for sulfate and 1.20 (95% CI: 1.02, 1.41) for EC, while RR was 1.31 (95% CI: 1.09–1.58) for ambulance services of headache/dizziness/vertigo/fainting/syncope in association with OC at 90th percentile versus 25th percentile. Cause-specific ambulance services had various significant association with daily temperature, total PM2.5 level, and concentrations of constituents. Elemental carbon may have stronger associations with increased ambulance services than other constituents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Kai Lin
- Department of Health and Welfare, University of Taipei College of City Management, 101 Zhongcheng Road Sec. 2, Taipei, 111, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Pei Cheng
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Engineering, Chung Yuan Christian University, 200 Chung-Pei Road, Zhongli, 320, Taiwan
| | - Ho Kim
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Seoul National University, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu-Chun Wang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Engineering, Chung Yuan Christian University, 200 Chung-Pei Road, Zhongli, 320, Taiwan. .,Research Center for Environmental Changes, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Road, Section 2, Nankang, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan.
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31
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Schneider R, Vicedo-Cabrera AM, Sera F, Masselot P, Stafoggia M, de Hoogh K, Kloog I, Reis S, Vieno M, Gasparrini A. A Satellite-Based Spatio-Temporal Machine Learning Model to Reconstruct Daily PM 2.5 Concentrations across Great Britain. REMOTE SENSING 2021; 12:3803. [PMID: 33408882 PMCID: PMC7116547 DOI: 10.3390/rs12223803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies on the health effects of air pollution usually rely on measurements from fixed ground monitors, which provide limited spatio-temporal coverage. Data from satellites, reanalysis, and chemical transport models offer additional information used to reconstruct pollution concentrations at high spatio-temporal resolutions. This study aims to develop a multi-stage satellite-based machine learning model to estimate daily fine particulate matter (PM2.5) levels across Great Britain between 2008–2018. This high-resolution model consists of random forest (RF) algorithms applied in four stages. Stage-1 augments monitor-PM2.5 series using co-located PM10 measures. Stage-2 imputes missing satellite aerosol optical depth observations using atmospheric reanalysis models. Stage-3 integrates the output from previous stages with spatial and spatio-temporal variables to build a prediction model for PM2.5. Stage-4 applies Stage-3 models to estimate daily PM2.5 concentrations over a 1 km grid. The RF architecture performed well in all stages, with results from Stage-3 showing an average cross-validated R2 of 0.767 and minimal bias. The model performed better over the temporal scale when compared to the spatial component, but both presented good accuracy with an R2 of 0.795 and 0.658, respectively. These findings indicate that direct satellite observations must be integrated with other satellite-based products and geospatial variables to derive reliable estimates of air pollution exposure. The high spatio-temporal resolution and the relatively high precision allow these estimates (approximately 950 million points) to be used in epidemiological analyses to assess health risks associated with both short- and long-term exposure to PM2.5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rochelle Schneider
- Department of Public Health, Environments and Society, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London WC1H 9SH, UK
- The Centre on Climate Change and Planetary Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London WC1H 9SH, UK
- European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecast (ECMWF), Shinfield Rd, Reading RG2 9AX, UK
- Correspondence:
| | - Ana M. Vicedo-Cabrera
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
- Oeschger Center for Climate Change Research, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Francesco Sera
- Department of Public Health, Environments and Society, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London WC1H 9SH, UK
| | - Pierre Masselot
- Department of Public Health, Environments and Society, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London WC1H 9SH, UK
| | - Massimo Stafoggia
- Department of Epidemiology, Lazio Regional Health Service, 00147 Rome, Italy
| | - Kees de Hoogh
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Socinstrasse 57, 4051 Basel, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Petersplatz 1, 4051 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Itai Kloog
- Department of Geography and Environmental Development, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva P.O.B. 653, Israel
| | - Stefan Reis
- UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Bush Estate, Penicuik, Edinburgh, Midlothian EH26 0QB, UK
- Medical School, University of Exeter, Knowledge Spa, Truro TR1 3HD, UK
| | - Massimo Vieno
- UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Bush Estate, Penicuik, Edinburgh, Midlothian EH26 0QB, UK
| | - Antonio Gasparrini
- Department of Public Health, Environments and Society, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London WC1H 9SH, UK
- The Centre on Climate Change and Planetary Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London WC1H 9SH, UK
- Centre for Statistical Methodology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, UK
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Shi W, Li T, Zhang Y, Sun Q, Chen C, Wang J, Fang J, Zhao F, Du P, Shi X. Depression and Anxiety Associated with Exposure to Fine Particulate Matter Constituents: A Cross-Sectional Study in North China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:16006-16016. [PMID: 33275420 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c05331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The association between fine particulate matter (PM2.5) exposure and mental disorders is attracting increasing attention, but the roles of specific PM2.5 chemical constituents have yet to be explored. We conducted a multicenter cross-sectional study in nine cities located in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region in China to assess the effects of PM2.5 and chemical constituents on depression and anxiety. The Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) and Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7) scale were used to quantify the depression and anxiety status, atmospheric monitoring data from fixed stations was used to calculate exposure concentrations. We performed multiple logistic regression models to assess the associations of PM2.5 chemical constituents exposure over the preceding 2 weeks with depression and anxiety. Overall, anxiety and depression were significantly associated with organic carbon (OC), elemental carbon (EC), copper (Cu), cadmium (Cd), nickel (Ni), and zinc (Zn). Subgroup analysis showed a stronger effect of PM2.5 constituents on depression during the heating period. This study provide evidence for the possible link between PM2.5 constituents and mental disorders among middle-aged and elderly Chinese adults, which requires further validation of the causal correlation. Our findings support the need for a stricter regulation on emissions of certain specific constituents, in addition to targeting control of total PM2.5 emission concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanying Shi
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Tiantian Li
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100021, China
- Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Qinghua Sun
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Chen Chen
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Jiaonan Wang
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100021, China
- Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Jianlong Fang
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Feng Zhao
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Peng Du
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Xiaoming Shi
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100021, China
- Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
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Mehmood T, Ahmad I, Bibi S, Mustafa B, Ali I. Insight into monsoon for shaping the air quality of Islamabad, Pakistan: Comparing the magnitude of health risk associated with PM 10 and PM 2.5 exposure. JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION (1995) 2020; 70:1340-1355. [PMID: 32841106 DOI: 10.1080/10962247.2020.1813838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Monsoon plays a determinant role in defining the air quality of many Asian countries. Filter-based 24 h ambient PM10 and PM2.5 sampling was performed by using two paralleled medium volume air samplers during pre-and post-monsoon periods. A negligible change in PM2.5 mass concentration from 45.77 to 44.46 µg/m3 compared to PM10 from 74.34 to 142.49 µg/m3 was observed after the monsoon season. The air quality index (AQI) results showed that the air quality of the city retained from good to slightly polluted in both periods, where PM2.5 remained as the main detrimental to air quality in 95% of the total days. The NOAA HYSPLIT model analysis and wind rose patterns showed air trajectories, especially in post-monsoon originated from relatively polluted areas transported higher PM10. Meteorological attributes indicated a more conducive atmospheric condition for secondary pollution in the pre-monsoon. Evidence showed post-monsoon as a more polluted period, compared to the pre-monsoon and would pose an extra 1.07 × 10-3 lifetime risk to the local population. Similarly, a higher level of PM10 in the post-monsoon caused 43% more premature mortality and 41% more deaths from all-cause mortality compare to the pre-monsoon period, respectively. Implications: Pakistan is an under-developing country where pollution monitoring studies are decidedly limited. Notably, studies, concise PM2.5 and health assessment are deficient. The present study may contribute to evaluating the air quality in special events such as monsoon and can also provide scientific and technical support for subsequent air pollution research. Moreover, the results help to develop adequate prevention and pollution control strategies and offer policy suggestions for monsoon observing countries in general and in particular, in Islamabad, Pakistan. These findings provide essential arguments in favor of educating people and raising awareness about the detrimental health effects of air pollution. Improving the quality of life of people with cardiovascular and respiratory disorders requires an immediate and substantial reduction of air pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tariq Mehmood
- School of Space and Environment, Beihang University , Beijing, People's Republic of China
- National Center for Physics, Quaid-i-Azam University , Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Ishaq Ahmad
- National Center for Physics, Quaid-i-Azam University , Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Saira Bibi
- Institute of Advance Materials, Bahauddin Zakariya University , Multan, Pakistan
| | - Beenish Mustafa
- Department of Physics Nanjing University, Nanjing, People's Republic China
| | - Ijaz Ali
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University , Beijing, People's Republic of China
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Scungio M, Rizza V, Stabile L, Morawska L, Buonanno G. Influence of methodology on the estimation of the particle surface area dose received by a population in all-day activities. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 266:115209. [PMID: 32688075 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In everyday life, people are exposed to different concentrations of airborne particles depending on the microenvironment where they perform their different activities. Such exposure can lead to high sub-micron particle doses. The received dose depends on particle concentration to which people are exposed (typically expressed in terms of number or surface area), time spent in each activity or microenvironment (time activity pattern) and amount of air inhaled (inhalation rate). To estimate an actual value of the received dose, all these parameters should be measured under real-life conditions; in fact, the concentrations should be measured on a personal scale (i.e. through a direct exposure assessment), whereas time activity patterns and inhalation rates specific to the activity performed should be considered. The difficulties in obtaining direct measurements of these parameters usually lead to adopt time activity patterns and inhalation rates already available in scientific literature for typical populations, and local outdoor particle concentrations measured with fixed monitoring stations and extrapolated for all the other microenvironments. To overcome these limitations, we propose a full-field method for estimating the received dose of a population sample, in which all the parameters (concentration levels, time activity patterns and inhalation rates) are measured under real-life conditions (also including the inhalation rates, that were evaluated on the basis of the measured heart rates). Specifically, 34 volunteers were continuously monitored for seven days and the data of sub-micron particle concentrations, activities performed, and inhalation rates were recorded. The received dose was calculated with the proposed method and compared with those obtained from different simplified methodologies that consider typical data of particle concentrations, time activity patterns and inhalation rates obtained from literature. The results show that, depending on the methodology used, the differences in the received daily dose can be significant, with a general underestimation of the most simplified method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Scungio
- School of Engineering, University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy.
| | - Valeria Rizza
- Institute of Atmospheric Pollution Research (IIA), CNR, Rome, Italy
| | - Luca Stabile
- Department of Civil and Mechanical Engineering, University of Cassino and Southern Lazio, Cassino, Italy
| | - Lidia Morawska
- Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Giorgio Buonanno
- Department of Civil and Mechanical Engineering, University of Cassino and Southern Lazio, Cassino, Italy; Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
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Abed Al Ahad M, Sullivan F, Demšar U, Melhem M, Kulu H. The effect of air-pollution and weather exposure on mortality and hospital admission and implications for further research: A systematic scoping review. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0241415. [PMID: 33119678 PMCID: PMC7595412 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0241415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Air-pollution and weather exposure beyond certain thresholds have serious effects on public health. Yet, there is lack of information on wider aspects including the role of some effect modifiers and the interaction between air-pollution and weather. This article aims at a comprehensive review and narrative summary of literature on the association of air-pollution and weather with mortality and hospital admissions; and to highlight literature gaps that require further research. METHODS We conducted a scoping literature review. The search on two databases (PubMed and Web-of-Science) from 2012 to 2020 using three conceptual categories of "environmental factors", "health outcomes", and "Geographical region" revealed a total of 951 records. The narrative synthesis included all original studies with time-series, cohort, or case cross-over design; with ambient air-pollution and/or weather exposure; and mortality and/or hospital admission outcomes. RESULTS The final review included 112 articles from which 70 involved mortality, 30 hospital admission, and 12 studies included both outcomes. Air-pollution was shown to act consistently as risk factor for all-causes, cardiovascular, respiratory, cerebrovascular and cancer mortality and hospital admissions. Hot and cold temperature was a risk factor for wide range of cardiovascular, respiratory, and psychiatric illness; yet, in few studies, the increase in temperature reduced the risk of hospital admissions for pulmonary embolism, angina pectoris, chest, and ischemic heart diseases. The role of effect modification in the included studies was investigated in terms of gender, age, and season but not in terms of ethnicity. CONCLUSION Air-pollution and weather exposure beyond certain thresholds affect human health negatively. Effect modification of important socio-demographics such as ethnicity and the interaction between air-pollution and weather is often missed in the literature. Our findings highlight the need of further research in the area of health behaviour and mortality in relation to air-pollution and weather, to guide effective environmental health precautionary measures planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Abed Al Ahad
- School of Geography and Sustainable Development, University of St Andrews, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Frank Sullivan
- School of Medicine, University of St Andrews, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Urška Demšar
- School of Geography and Sustainable Development, University of St Andrews, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Maya Melhem
- Department of Landscape Design and Ecosystem Management, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Hill Kulu
- School of Geography and Sustainable Development, University of St Andrews, Scotland, United Kingdom
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A spatial joint analysis of metal constituents of ambient particulate matter and mortality in England. Environ Epidemiol 2020; 4:e098. [PMID: 32832837 PMCID: PMC7423532 DOI: 10.1097/ee9.0000000000000098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Few studies have investigated associations between metal components of particulate matter on mortality due to well-known issues of multicollinearity. Here, we analyze these exposures jointly to evaluate their associations with mortality on small area data. We fit a Bayesian profile regression (BPR) to account for the multicollinearity in the elemental components (iron, copper, and zinc) of PM10 and PM2.5. The models are developed in relation to mortality from cardiovascular and respiratory disease and lung cancer incidence in 2008-2011 at a small area level, for a population of 13.6 million in the London-Oxford area of England. From the BPR, we identified higher risks in the PM10 fraction cluster likely to represent the study area, excluding London, for cardiovascular mortality relative risk (RR) 1.07 (95% credible interval [CI] 1.02, 1.12) and for respiratory mortality RR 1.06 (95%CI 0.99, 1.31), compared with the study mean. For PM2.5 fraction, higher risks were seen for cardiovascular mortality RR 1.55 (CI 95% 1.38, 1.71) and respiratory mortality RR 1.51 (CI 95% 1.33, 1.72), likely to represent the "highways" cluster. We did not find relevant associations for lung cancer incidence. Our analysis showed small but not fully consistent adverse associations between health outcomes and particulate metal exposures. The BPR approach identified subpopulations with unique exposure profiles and provided information about the geographical location of these to help interpret findings.
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Mueller W, Cowie H, Horwell CJ, Hurley F, Baxter PJ. Health Impact Assessment of Volcanic Ash Inhalation: A Comparison With Outdoor Air Pollution Methods. GEOHEALTH 2020; 4:e2020GH000256. [PMID: 32642627 PMCID: PMC7334379 DOI: 10.1029/2020gh000256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
This paper critically appraises the extrapolation of concentration-response functions (CRFs) for fine and coarse particulate matter, PM2.5 and PM10, respectively, used in outdoor air pollution health impact assessment (HIA) studies to assess the extent of health impacts in communities exposed to volcanic emissions. Treating volcanic ash as PM, we (1) consider existing models for HIA for general outdoor PM, (2) identify documented health effects from exposure to ash in volcanic eruptions, (3) discuss potential issues of applying CRFs based on the composition and concentration of ash-related PM, and (4) critically review available case studies of volcanic exposure scenarios utilizing HIA for outdoor air pollution. We identify a number of small-scale studies focusing on populations exposed to volcanic ash; exposure is rarely quantified, and there is limited evidence concerning the health effects of PM from volcanic eruptions. That limited evidence is, however, consistent with the CRFs typically used for outdoor air pollution HIA. Two health assessments of exposure to volcanic emissions have been published using population- and occupational-based CRFs, though each application entails distinct assumptions and limitations. We conclude that the best available strategy, at present, is to apply outdoor air pollution risk estimates to scenarios involving volcanic ash emissions for the purposes of HIA. However, due to the knowledge gaps on, for example, the health effects from exposure to volcanic ash and differences in ash composition, there is inherent uncertainty in this application. To conclude, we suggest actions to enable better prediction and assessment of health impacts of volcanic emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Claire J. Horwell
- Institute of Hazard, Risk and Resilience, Department of Earth SciencesDurham UniversityDurhamUK
| | | | - Peter J. Baxter
- Institute of Public HealthUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
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Wang C, Hao L, Liu C, Chen R, Wang W, Chen Y, Yang Y, Meng X, Fu Q, Ying Z, Kan H. Associations between fine particulate matter constituents and daily cardiovascular mortality in Shanghai, China. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 191:110154. [PMID: 31954217 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.110154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2019] [Revised: 12/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Limited evidence is available for the associations between fine particulate matter (PM2.5) constituents and daily cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality in China. In present study, a time-series analysis was conducted to evaluate the associations of PM2.5 constituents (two carbonaceous fractions, eight water-soluble inorganic ions and fifteen elements) with daily CVD mortality in Pudong New Area of Shanghai, China, from 2014 to 2016. Results showed that the effect estimates for the associations of PM2.5 and its constituents with CVD mortality were generally strongest when using the exposures of the previous two day concentrations. The associations of organic carbon, sulfate, ammonia, potassium, copper, arsenic, and lead with daily CVD mortality were robust to the adjustment of PM2.5 total mass, their collinearity with PM2.5 total mass, and criteria gaseous air pollutants. An interquartile range increase in the previous two day concentrations of PM2.5, organic carbon, sulfate, ammonia, potassium, copper, arsenic, and lead were associated with significant increments of 2.21% (95% confidence interval [95%CI]: 0.54%, 3.88%), 2.83% (95% CIs: 1.16%, 4.50%), 1.90% (95% CIs: 0.35%, 3.45%), 2.29% (95% CIs: 0.80%, 3.77%), 0.94% (95% CIs: 0.13%, 1.75%), 1.53% (95% CIs: 0.37%, 2.69%), 2.08% (95% CIs: 0.49%, 3.68%) and 1.98% (95% CIs: 0.49%, 3.47%) in daily CVD mortality, respectively, in single-pollutant models. In conclusion, this study suggested that organic carbon, sulfate, ammonia, potassium, copper, arsenic, and lead might be mainly responsible for the associations between short-term PM2.5 exposures and increased CVD mortality in Shanghai, China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuiping Wang
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education and NHC Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment of the Ministry of Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Lipeng Hao
- Shanghai Pudong New Area Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Fudan University Pudong Institute of Preventive Medicine, Shanghai, 200136, China
| | - Cong Liu
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education and NHC Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment of the Ministry of Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Renjie Chen
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education and NHC Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment of the Ministry of Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Weidong Wang
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education and NHC Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment of the Ministry of Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yichen Chen
- Shanghai Pudong New Area Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Fudan University Pudong Institute of Preventive Medicine, Shanghai, 200136, China
| | - Yining Yang
- Beijing No.171 High School, Beijing, 100013, China
| | - Xia Meng
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education and NHC Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment of the Ministry of Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Qingyan Fu
- Shanghai Environmental Monitoring Center, Shanghai, 200235, China.
| | - Zhekang Ying
- Department of Medicine Cardiology Division, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 20 Penn St. HSFII S005, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Haidong Kan
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education and NHC Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment of the Ministry of Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
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Zhang Q, Niu Y, Xia Y, Lei X, Wang W, Huo J, Zhao Q, Zhang Y, Duan Y, Cai J, Ying Z, Li S, Chen R, Fu Q, Kan H. The acute effects of fine particulate matter constituents on circulating inflammatory biomarkers in healthy adults. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 707:135989. [PMID: 31874395 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Systemic inflammation is considered one of the key mechanisms in the development of cardiovascular diseases induced by fine particulate matter (PM2.5) air pollution. However, evidence concerning the effects of various PM2.5 constituents on circulating inflammatory biomarkers were limited and inconsistent. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the associations of short-term exposure to a variety of PM2.5 constituents with circulating inflammatory biomarkers. METHODS We conducted a panel study from May to October 2016 among 40 healthy adults in Shanghai, China. We monitored the concentrations of 27 constituents of PM2.5. We applied linear mixed-effect models to analyze the associations of PM2.5 and its constituents with 7 inflammatory biomarkers, and further assessed the robustness of the associations by fitting models adjusting for PM2.5 mass and/or their collinearity. Benjamini-Hochberg false discovery rate was used to correct for multiple comparisons. RESULTS The associations of PM2.5 were strongest at lag 0 d with tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), at lag 1 d with interleukin-6, interleukin-8, and interleukin-17A, at lag 02 d with monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1). After correcting for multiple comparisons in all models, Cl-, K+, Si, K, As, and Pb were significantly associated with interleukin-8; SO42- and Se were marginally significantly associated with interleukin-8; SO42-, As, and Se were marginally significantly associated with TNF-α; and Si, K, Zn, As, Se, and Pb were marginally significantly associated with MCP-1. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggested that some constituents (SO42-, Cl-, K+, and some elements) might be mainly responsible for systemic inflammation triggered by short-term PM2.5 exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingli Zhang
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education and NHC Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yue Niu
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education and NHC Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yongjie Xia
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education and NHC Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xiaoning Lei
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education and NHC Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Weidong Wang
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education and NHC Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Juntao Huo
- Shanghai Environmental Monitoring Center, Shanghai 200235, China
| | - Qianbiao Zhao
- Shanghai Environmental Monitoring Center, Shanghai 200235, China
| | - Yihua Zhang
- Shanghai Environmental Monitoring Center, Shanghai 200235, China
| | - Yusen Duan
- Shanghai Environmental Monitoring Center, Shanghai 200235, China
| | - Jing Cai
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education and NHC Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zhekang Ying
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education and NHC Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Shanqun Li
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, China
| | - Renjie Chen
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education and NHC Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Qingyan Fu
- Shanghai Environmental Monitoring Center, Shanghai 200235, China.
| | - Haidong Kan
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education and NHC Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
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Forastiere F, Ancona C. Air pollution and health: Evidence from epidemiological studies and population impact. EPJ WEB OF CONFERENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/202024600016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Outdoor air pollution —in particular particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide and ozone— can exert its effects on health after acute (short-term) and chronic (long-term) exposures. Short-term exposures increase the probability of the onset of acute diseases within a few days, such as myocardial infarction or stroke, or even death in the case of susceptible individuals. Long-term exposures are associated with decreased survival and incidence of several non-communicable diseases, including cardiorespiratory conditions and lung cancer. In Europe, the large ESCAPE project (European Study of Cohorts for Air Pollution Effects — www.escapeproject.eu) evaluated the chronic effects of air pollution in the cohorts of adult subjects. The results of ESCAPE show an association between chronic exposure to air pollutants and natural mortality, cardiovascular events, lung, brain, breast and digestive tract cancer. The recent joint statement of the European Respiratory Society and the American Respiratory Society clarifies the wide spectrum of adverse effects of pollution, including “new” diseases such as neurological and metabolic syndrome previously not studied. The estimates by the Global Burden of Disease provide nowadays indications that air pollution causes illness and mortality, just after diet, smoking, hypertension and diabetes: 4.2 million premature deaths a year worldwide. Ischemic heart disease, stroke, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, acute lower respiratory infections are the main conditions associated with air-pollution–related mortality.
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Wang W, Liu C, Ying Z, Lei X, Wang C, Huo J, Zhao Q, Zhang Y, Duan Y, Chen R, Fu Q, Zhang H, Kan H. Particulate air pollution and ischemic stroke hospitalization: How the associations vary by constituents in Shanghai, China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 695:133780. [PMID: 31416039 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.133780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Revised: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The identification of constituents of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) air pollution that had key impacts of ischemic stroke (the predominant subtype of stroke) is important to understand the underlying biological mechanisms and develop air pollution control policies. OBJECTIVES To explore the associations between PM2.5 constituents and hospitalization for ischemic stroke in Shanghai, China. METHODS We conducted a time-series study to explore the associations between 27 constituents of PM2.5 and hospitalization for ischemic stroke in Shanghai, China from 2014 to 2016. The over-dispersed generalized additive models with adjustment for time, day of week, holidays, and weather conditions were used to estimate the associations. We also evaluated the robustness of the effect estimates for each constituent after adjusting for the confounding effects of PM2.5 total mass and gaseous pollutants and the collinearity (the residual) between this constituent and PM2.5 total mass. We also compared the associations between seasons. RESULTS In total, we identified 4186 ischemic stroke hospitalizations during the study period. The associations of ischemic stroke were consistently significant with elemental carbon and several elemental constituents (Chromium, Iron, Copper, Zinc, Arsenic, Selenium, and Lead) at lag 1 day in single-constituent models, models adjusting for PM2.5 total mass or gaseous pollutants and models adjusting for collinearity. The associations were much stronger in cool season than in warm season. CONCLUSIONS The current study provides suggestive evidence that elemental carbon and some metallic elements may be mainly responsible for the risks of ischemic stroke hospitalization induced by short-term PM2.5 exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weidong Wang
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education and NHC Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Cong Liu
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education and NHC Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zhekang Ying
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education and NHC Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xiaoning Lei
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education and NHC Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Cuiping Wang
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education and NHC Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Juntao Huo
- Shanghai Environmental Monitoring Center, Shanghai 200235, China
| | - Qianbiao Zhao
- Shanghai Environmental Monitoring Center, Shanghai 200235, China
| | - Yihua Zhang
- Shanghai Environmental Monitoring Center, Shanghai 200235, China
| | - Yusen Duan
- Shanghai Environmental Monitoring Center, Shanghai 200235, China
| | - Renjie Chen
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education and NHC Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Meteorology and Health, Shanghai 200030, China.
| | - Qingyan Fu
- Shanghai Environmental Monitoring Center, Shanghai 200235, China.
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Public Administration, School of Economics and Management, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.
| | - Haidong Kan
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education and NHC Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
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Lopes Costa SS, Alves JC, Almeida TS, Ribeiro VS, Azzolin Frescura Bascuñan VL, Andrade Maranhão T, Borges Garcia CA, Olímpio da Rocha G, Oliveira Araujo RG. Seasonality of airborne trace element sources in Aracaju, Northeastern, Brazil. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2019; 247:19-28. [PMID: 31229782 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.06.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In this work the urban area of Aracaju city, located in the State of Sergipe, Northeastern Brazil was the site for simultaneous collection of suspended particles (TSP) and inhalable particulate matter (PM10) aiming an evaluation of the air quality parameters. Concentrations of Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb and V in TSP and PM10 were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Iron was the most abundant element found in both particulate samples. Through chemometric tools, it was possible to point out that the contributions to the TSP and PM10 formation are similar, and strong correlations were observed between Fe-Mn (0.83) and Cd-Pb (0.93) in TSP, and Fe-Mn (0.90), Fe-Cu (0.81) and Cd-Pb (0.97) in PM10, an evidence that these species are from sources related mainly to soil resuspension and vehicular traffic. Enrichment factor (EF) and geoaccumulation index (Igeo) showed an influence of fossil fuel burning in the composition of TSP and PM10. Through principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) it was observed particle size distribution groupings according to its aerodynamic size. Evaluation of the concentrations obtained for the collected samples according to the seasons (dry and rainy), indicated the influence of both, biogenic (resuspension of soil and marine aerosols) and anthropic (vehicle traffic and biomass burning) sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvânio Silvério Lopes Costa
- Universidade Federal da Bahia, Instituto de Química, Departamento de Química Analítica, Salvador, Bahia, 40170-115, Brazil; Universidade Federal de Sergipe, Núcleo de Competência Em Petróleo, Gás e Biocombustíveis, Laboratório de Tecnologia e Monitoramento Ambiental, São Cristóvão, Sergipe, 49100-000, Brazil
| | - Jeferson Cavalcante Alves
- Universidade Federal da Bahia, Instituto de Química, Departamento de Química Analítica, Salvador, Bahia, 40170-115, Brazil; Universidade Federal de Sergipe, Departamento de Química, Laboratório de Química Analítica Ambiental, São Cristóvão, Sergipe, 49100-000, Brazil
| | - Tarcísio Silva Almeida
- Universidade Federal da Bahia, Instituto de Química, Departamento de Química Analítica, Salvador, Bahia, 40170-115, Brazil; Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Departamento de Química, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Vaniele Souza Ribeiro
- Universidade Federal da Bahia, Instituto de Química, Departamento de Química Analítica, Salvador, Bahia, 40170-115, Brazil; Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia Baiano, Campus Guanambi, Guanambi, Bahia, 46430-000, Brazil
| | - Vera Lucia Azzolin Frescura Bascuñan
- Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Departamento de Química, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, 88040-900, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia do CNPq - INCT de Energia e Ambiente, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Tatiane Andrade Maranhão
- Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Departamento de Química, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, 88040-900, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia do CNPq - INCT de Energia e Ambiente, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Carlos Alexandre Borges Garcia
- Universidade Federal de Sergipe, Núcleo de Competência Em Petróleo, Gás e Biocombustíveis, Laboratório de Tecnologia e Monitoramento Ambiental, São Cristóvão, Sergipe, 49100-000, Brazil; Universidade Federal de Sergipe, Departamento de Química, Laboratório de Química Analítica Ambiental, São Cristóvão, Sergipe, 49100-000, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia do CNPq - INCT de Energia e Ambiente, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Gisele Olímpio da Rocha
- Universidade Federal da Bahia, Instituto de Química, Departamento de Química Analítica, Salvador, Bahia, 40170-115, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia do CNPq - INCT de Energia e Ambiente, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Rennan Geovanny Oliveira Araujo
- Universidade Federal da Bahia, Instituto de Química, Departamento de Química Analítica, Salvador, Bahia, 40170-115, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia do CNPq - INCT de Energia e Ambiente, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brazil.
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Wang Y, Shi Z, Shen F, Sun J, Huang L, Zhang H, Chen C, Li T, Hu J. Associations of daily mortality with short-term exposure to PM 2.5 and its constituents in Shanghai, China. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 233:879-887. [PMID: 31340414 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.05.249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Revised: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have shown that fine particulate matter (PM2.5) has adverse impacts on human health. However, limited studies have investigated the effects of short-term exposure to PM2.5 and its constituents on mortality in China. This study used the generalized linear model (GLM) to investigate the effects of PM2.5 and its constituents, including organic carbon (OC), element carbon (EC), ammonium (NH4+), nitrate (NO3-), sulfate (SO42-), on different causes of mortality in Shanghai from January 1, 2013 to December 31, 2015. The single-day lagged model and the moving average lagged model were used to examine the lagging effects of pollutants on mortality. At lag0 day, PM2.5 had a significant effect on all-cause mortality, and a 10 μg/m3 increase leads to 0.68% increase in all-cause mortality (RR 1.0068, 95%CI 1.0013-1.0123). Among the five constituents, EC had the greatest impact on all-cause mortality in Shanghai, with 10.48% increase of mortality (RR 1.1048, 95%CI 1.0266-1.1891) per 10 μg/m3 increase of concentrations, followed by OC (RR 1.0577, 95%CI 1.0277-1.0886), NH4+ (RR 1.0272, 95%CI 1.0028-1.0522) and SO42- (RR 1.0104, 95%CI 1.0003-1.0206). For respiratory diseases mortality, EC, OC, NO3- and NH4+ had significant impacts and caused an increase of mortality by 44.99% (RR 1.4499, 95%CI 1.1813-1.7794), 10.40% (RR 1.1040, 95%CI 1.0260-1.1880), 5.338% (RR 1.0533, 95%CI 1.0097-1.0989) and 7.34% (RR 1.0734, 95%CI 1.0015-1.1505) per 10 μg/m3 increase of concentrations, respectively. The cumulative effect of PM2.5 on mortality was significant in Shanghai. Except for SO42-, the RR value of the single-day lagged model was smaller than the moving average lagged model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyi Wang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, 219 Ningliu Road, Nanjing, 210044, China
| | - Zhihao Shi
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, 219 Ningliu Road, Nanjing, 210044, China
| | - Fuzhen Shen
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, 219 Ningliu Road, Nanjing, 210044, China
| | - Jinjin Sun
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, 219 Ningliu Road, Nanjing, 210044, China
| | - Lin Huang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, 219 Ningliu Road, Nanjing, 210044, China
| | - Hongliang Zhang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, United States
| | - Chen Chen
- National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Tiantian Li
- National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 100021, China.
| | - Jianlin Hu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, 219 Ningliu Road, Nanjing, 210044, China.
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Requia WJ, Coull BA, Koutrakis P. Multivariate spatial patterns of ambient PM 2.5 elemental concentrations in Eastern Massachusetts. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 252:1942-1952. [PMID: 31227351 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.05.127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Revised: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the factors that affect spatial differences in PM2.5 composition is crucial for implementing emissions control and health policies. Although previous studies have explored modeling of spatial patterns as a tool to improve human exposure assessment, little work has employed a multivariate clustering approach to identify spatial patterns in particle composition. In this study, we used this approach to assess the spatial patterns of ambient PM2.5 elemental concentrations in Eastern Massachusetts in the United States. To distinguish one cluster of sites from another, we considered air pollution sources and geodemographic variables. We evaluated spatial patterns for 11 elemental components of ambient PM2.5, which included S, K, Ca, Fe, Zn, Cu, Ti, Al, Pb, V, and Ni. The analyses for S, Ca, Cu, Ti, Al, and Pb resulted in: 2 clusters for Fe, Zn, V, and Ni; 3 clusters; and for 12 clusters for K. Overall, our findings suggest substantial variation of clusters among PM2.5 components. In addition, land use, population density, and daily traffic were used as variables to more effectively characterize clusters of sites. We used R2 values to estimate the effectiveness of each variable in characterizing clusters. Larger R2 values indicate better the discrimination among the sites. For example, population density had the highest R2 value when the analysis was performed for S, Ca, Zn, Ti, Al, Pb, and V; land use presented the highest R2 value for Cu, V, and Ni; and, traffic showed the highest R2 value for PM2.5 mass concentration. This study improves the ability to model both the between- and within-area variability of source emissions and pollution regime, using concentrations of PM2.5 components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weeberb J Requia
- Harvard University, Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, 401 Park Drive, Landmark Center 4th Floor West, Boston, MA, United States.
| | - Brent A Coull
- Harvard University, Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, 655 Huntington Avenue, Building II, Boston, MA, United States.
| | - Petros Koutrakis
- Harvard University, Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, 401 Park Drive, Landmark Center 4th Floor West, Boston, MA, United States.
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45
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Sun S, Cao W, Pun VC, Qiu H, Ge Y, Tian L. Respirable Particulate Constituents and Risk of Cause-Specific Mortality in the Hong Kong Population. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2019; 53:9810-9817. [PMID: 31361948 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b01635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Emerging studies examined the associations of particulate matter constituents with nonaccidental and cardiorespiratory diseases, but few have investigated more specific causes of cardiorespiratory diseases or other system diseases, especially in Asia. We estimated the association between respirable particulate matter (PM10) constituents and a spectrum of deaths using a quasi-Poisson time-series model in Hong Kong. Positive associations were identified between cause-specific deaths and elemental carbon, organic carbon (OC), nitrate, and potassium ion (K+), but only the associations for OC and K+ were robust in the two-constituent models adjusting for other constituents. The estimated effects of OC were strongest on mortality from the respiratory system with cumulative percent excess risk (ER%) of 3.82% (95% CI: 0.96%, 6.92%) per interquartile range (6.7 μg/m3) increase over 7 days prior to death (lag0-7), especially for pneumonia (ER%: 4.32%; 95% CI: 0.70%, 8.26%). The digestive system was most sensitive to K+ with cumulative ER% of 6.74% (95% CI: 0.37%, 14.01%) per interquartile range (0.6 μg/m3) increase. This study indicates that PM10 constituents from biomass burning (OC and K+) were more toxic than other constituents for deaths in Hong Kong, especially for mortalities from respiratory and digestive systems. These findings should have potential biological and pollution control implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengzhi Sun
- School of Public Health , The University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong SAR , P. R. China
- Department of Epidemiology , Brown University School of Public Health , Providence , Rhode Island 02912 , United States
| | - Wangnan Cao
- Center for Evidence Synthesis in Health, School of Public Health , Brown University , Providence , Rhode Island 02912 , United States
| | - Vivian C Pun
- Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care , The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong SAR , P. R. China
| | - Hong Qiu
- School of Public Health , The University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong SAR , P. R. China
| | - Yang Ge
- School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics , University of Georgia , Athens , Georgia 30606 , United States
| | - Linwei Tian
- School of Public Health , The University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong SAR , P. R. China
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Yoo SE, Park JS, Lee SH, Park CH, Lee CW, Lee SB, Yu SD, Kim SY, Kim H. Comparison of Short-Term Associations between PM 2.5 Components and Mortality across Six Major Cities in South Korea. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16162872. [PMID: 31405250 PMCID: PMC6720204 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16162872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Association between short-term exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and mortality or morbidity varies geographically, and this variation could be due to different chemical composition affected by local sources. However, there have been only a few Asian studies possibly due to limited monitoring data. Using nationwide regulatory monitoring data of PM2.5 chemical components in South Korea, we aimed to compare the associations between daily exposure to PM2.5 components and mortality across six major cities. We obtained daily 24-h concentrations of PM2.5 and 11 PM2.5 components measured from 2013 to 2015 at single sites located in residential areas. We used death certificate data to compute the daily counts of nonaccidental, cardiovascular, and respiratory deaths. Using the generalized additive model, we estimated relative risks of daily mortality for an interquartile range increase in each pollutant concentration, while controlling for a longer-term time trend and meteorology. While elemental carbon was consistently associated with nonaccidental mortality across all cities, nickel and vanadium were strongly associated with respiratory or cardiovascular mortality in Busan and Ulsan, two large port cities. Our study shows that PM2.5 components responsible for PM2.5-associated mortality differed across cities depending on the dominant pollution sources, such as traffic and oil combustion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Eun Yoo
- Environmental Health Research Division, National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon 22689, Korea
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Jin-Soo Park
- Air Quality Research Division, National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon 22689, Korea
| | - Soo Hyun Lee
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Choong-Hee Park
- Environmental Health Research Division, National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon 22689, Korea
| | - Chul-Woo Lee
- Environmental Health Research Division, National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon 22689, Korea
| | - Sang-Bo Lee
- Air Quality Research Division, National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon 22689, Korea
| | - Seung Do Yu
- Environmental Health Research Division, National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon 22689, Korea
| | - Sun-Young Kim
- Department of Cancer Control and Population Health, Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Gyeonngi 10408, Korea.
| | - Ho Kim
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
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Requia WJ, Coull BA, Koutrakis P. Evaluation of predictive capabilities of ordinary geostatistical interpolation, hybrid interpolation, and machine learning methods for estimating PM 2.5 constituents over space. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2019; 175:421-433. [PMID: 31154232 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2019.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Revised: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Numerous modeling approaches to estimate concentrations of PM2.5 components have been developed to derive better exposures for health studies, including geostatistical interpolation approaches, land use regression models and, models based on remote sensing technology. Recently, there have been some efforts to develop models based on machine learning algorithms. Each one of these exposure assessment methods has inherent uncertainties resulting in varying levels of exposure misclassification. To date, only a few studies have attempted to systematically compare exposure estimates from different PM2.5 constituent models. Our research addresses this gap, by comparing the predictive capabilities of ordinary geostatistical interpolation (Ordinary Kriging - OK), hybrid interpolation (combination of Empirical Bayesian Kriging and land use regression), and machine learning techniques (forest-based regression) for estimating PM2.5 constituents in Eastern Massachusetts in the United States. We compared the estimates of 10 ambient PM2.5 components, which included Al, Cu, Fe, K, Ni, Pb, S, Ti, V, and Zn. The OK model performed poorest for all PM2.5 components, with an R2 under 0.30. The hybrid model presented a slight improvement, especially for Cu and Fe, for which the R2 value increased to 0.62 and 0.59, respectively. These elements presented the highest R2 value from the hybrid model. The forest model presented the best performance, with R2 values higher than 0.7 for most of the particle components, including Cu, Fe, Ni, Pb, Ti, and V. Same as observed with the hybrid model, the forest model for Cu and Fe explained the highest concentration variance, with a R2 value equal to 0.88 and 0.92, respectively. The forest model for K, S, and Zn performed poorest with an R2 value of 0.54, 0.37, and 0.44, respectively. The results presented here can be useful for the environmental health community to more accurately estimate PM2.5 constituents over space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weeberb J Requia
- Harvard University, Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States.
| | - Brent A Coull
- Harvard University, Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Petros Koutrakis
- Harvard University, Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
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48
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Ruan Z, Qian ZM, Xu Y, Wu J, Kan H, Yang Y, Acharya BK, Jiang C, Syberg KM, Iwelunmor J, Ma W, Lin H. Applying the concept of "number needed to treat" to the formulation of daily ambient air quality standards. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 222:665-670. [PMID: 30735966 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.01.175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Revised: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The World Health Organization sets up the Ambient Air Quality Guidelines mainly based on short-term and long-term health effects of air pollution. Previous studies, however, have generally revealed a non-threshold concentration-response relationship between air pollution and health, making it difficult to determine a concentration, below which no obvious health effects can be observed. Here we proposed a novel approach based on the concept of "number needed to treat", specifically, we calculated the reduction in air pollution concentrations needed to avoid one death corresponding to different hypothetical concentration standards; the one with the smallest value would be the most practical concentration standard. As an example, we applied this approach to the daily standard of ambient PM2.5 (particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter ≤2.5 μm) in four Chinese cities. The calculation was based on the association between daily mortality and ambient PM2.5, which was examined by a generalized additive model with adjustment of important covariates. Significant associations were observed between PM2.5 and mortality. Our analyses suggested that it is appropriate to have 50 μg/m3 as the daily standard of ambient PM2.5 for the study area, compared to the current standard of which were directly adopted from the national standard of 75 μg/m3. This novel approach should be considered when planning and/or revising the ambient air quality guidelines/standards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zengliang Ruan
- Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Zhengmin Min Qian
- College for Public Health and Social Justice, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, MO, 63104, United States
| | - Yanjun Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, 511430, China
| | - Jun Wu
- Program in Public Health, College of Health Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, United States
| | - Haidong Kan
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yin Yang
- Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Bipin Kumar Acharya
- Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Chengsheng Jiang
- Maryland Institute for Applied Environmental Health, University of Maryland School of Public Health, College Park, MD, 20742, United States
| | - Kevin M Syberg
- College for Public Health and Social Justice, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, MO, 63104, United States
| | - Juliet Iwelunmor
- College for Public Health and Social Justice, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, MO, 63104, United States
| | - Wenjun Ma
- Guangdong Provincial Institute of Public Health, Guangzhou, 511430, China.
| | - Hualiang Lin
- Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
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49
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Yang Y, Ruan Z, Wang X, Yang Y, Mason TG, Lin H, Tian L. Short-term and long-term exposures to fine particulate matter constituents and health: A systematic review and meta-analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 247:874-882. [PMID: 30731313 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.12.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fine particulate matter (Particulate matter with diameter ≤ 2.5 μm) is associated with multiple health outcomes, with varying effects across seasons and locations. It remains largely unknown that which components of PM2.5 are most harmful to human health. METHODS We systematically searched all the relevent studies published before August 1, 2018, on the associations of fine particulate matter constituents with mortality and morbidity, using Web of Science, MEDLINE, PubMed and EMBASE. Studies were included if they explored the associations between short term or long term exposure of fine particulate matter constituents and natural, cardiovascular or respiratory health endpoints. The criteria for the risk of bias was adapted from OHAT and New Castle Ottawa. We applied a random-effects model to derive the risk estimates for each constituent. We performed main analyses restricted to studies which adjusted the PM2.5 mass in their models. RESULTS Significant associations were observed between several PM2.5 constituents and different health endpoints. Among them, black carbon and organic carbon were most robustly and consistently associated with all natural, cardiovascular mortality and morbidity. Other potential toxic constituents including nitrate, sulfate, Zinc, silicon, iron, nickel, vanadium, and potassium were associated with adverse cardiovascular health, while nitrate, sulfate and vanadium were relevant for adverse respiratory health outcomes. CONCLUSIONS Our analysis suggests that black carbon and organic carbon are important detrimental components of PM2.5, while other constituents are probably hazardous to human health. However, more studies are needed to further confirm our results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Zengliang Ruan
- Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaojie Wang
- Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yin Yang
- Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tonya G Mason
- School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Hualiang Lin
- Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Linwei Tian
- School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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50
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Rizza V, Stabile L, Vistocco D, Russi A, Pardi S, Buonanno G. Effects of the exposure to ultrafine particles on heart rate in a healthy population. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 650:2403-2410. [PMID: 30292996 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.09.385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The correlation amongst exposure to ultrafine particle concentrations and heart rate in a large healthy population was investigated. The study was conducted by continuously monitoring for seven days fifty volunteers in terms of exposure to particle concentrations, heart rate and physical activity performed through portable monitors. Data were analyzed adopting a linear mixed model able to manage the obtained repeated measures and to recognize a general trend resulting from the subject-specific patterns. Results show that the short-term exposure to ultrafine particle concentrations is positively associated with the heart rate for the different physical activities of the subject investigated (laying down, sitting, standing positions). In particular, a logarithmic correlation was recognized with a sharper increase of about 4-6 bpm for a variation of the particle number concentration of 2 × 104 part/cm3 and a slighter effect for further increases of about 0.1-0.2 × 10-4 bpm/(part/cm). CAPSULE: A positive correlation can be associated between the exposure to ultrafine particles and the heart rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Rizza
- Department of Civil and Mechanical Engineering, University of Cassino and Southern Lazio, Italy
| | - Luca Stabile
- Department of Civil and Mechanical Engineering, University of Cassino and Southern Lazio, Italy.
| | - Domenico Vistocco
- Department of Economics and Law, University of Cassino and Southern Lazio, Italy
| | - Aldo Russi
- Department of Civil and Mechanical Engineering, University of Cassino and Southern Lazio, Italy
| | | | - Giorgio Buonanno
- Department of Civil and Mechanical Engineering, University of Cassino and Southern Lazio, Italy; Department of Engineering, University "Parthenope", Naples, Italy; Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
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