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Dmitrieva VA, Tyutereva EV, Voitsekhovskaja OV. What can reactive oxygen species (ROS) tell us about the action mechanism of herbicides and other phytotoxins? Free Radic Biol Med 2024; 220:92-110. [PMID: 38663829 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2024.04.233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/09/2024]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are formed in plant cells continuously. When ROS production exceeds the antioxidant capacity of the cells, oxidative stress develops which causes damage of cell components and may even lead to the induction of programmed cell death (PCD). The levels of ROS production increase upon abiotic stress, but also during pathogen attack in response to elicitors, and upon application of toxic compounds such as synthetic herbicides or natural phytotoxins. The commercial value of many synthetic herbicides is based on weed death as result of oxidative stress, and for a number of them, the site and the mechanism of ROS production have been characterized. This review summarizes the current knowledge on ROS production in plants subjected to different groups of synthetic herbicides and natural phytotoxins. We suggest that the use of ROS-specific fluorescent probes and of ROS-specific marker genes can provide important information on the mechanism of action of these toxins. Furthermore, we propose that, apart from oxidative damage, elicitation of ROS-induced PCD is emerging as one of the important processes underlying the action of herbicides and phytotoxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria A Dmitrieva
- Laboratory of Molecular and Ecological Physiology, Komarov Botanical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint Petersburg, 197022, Russia; Laboratory of Phytotoxicology and Biotechnology, All-Russian Institute of Plant Protection, Saint Petersburg, 196608, Russia
| | - Elena V Tyutereva
- Laboratory of Molecular and Ecological Physiology, Komarov Botanical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint Petersburg, 197022, Russia
| | - Olga V Voitsekhovskaja
- Laboratory of Molecular and Ecological Physiology, Komarov Botanical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint Petersburg, 197022, Russia.
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2
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Jeyaseelan A, Murugesan K, Thayanithi S, Palanisamy SB. A review of the impact of herbicides and insecticides on the microbial communities. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 245:118020. [PMID: 38151149 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.118020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
Enhancing crop yield to accommodate the ever-increasing world population has become critical, and diminishing arable land has pressured current agricultural practices. Intensive farming methods have been using more pesticides and insecticides (biocides), culminating in soil deposition, negatively impacting the microbiome. Hence, a deeper understanding of the interaction and impact of pesticides and insecticides on microbial communities is required for the scientific community. This review highlights the recent findings concerning the possible impacts of biocides on various soil microorganisms and their diversity. This review's bibliometric analysis emphasised the recent developments' statistics based on the Scopus document search. Pesticides and insecticides are reported to degrade microbes' structure, cellular processes, and distinct biochemical reactions at cellular and biochemical levels. Several biocides disrupt the relationship between plants and their microbial symbionts, hindering beneficial biological activities that are widely discussed. Most microbial target sites of or receptors are biomolecules, and biocides bind with the receptor through a ligand-based mechanism. The biomarker action mechanism in response to biocides relies on activating the receptor site by specific biochemical interactions. The production of electrophilic or nucleophilic species, free radicals, and redox-reactive agents are the significant factors of biocide's metabolic reaction. Most studies considered for the review reported the negative impact of biocides on the soil microbial community; hence, technological development is required regarding eco-friendly pesticide and insecticide, which has less or no impact on the soil microbial community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aravind Jeyaseelan
- Department of Biotechnology, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Thandalam, Chennai, 602105, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Kamaraj Murugesan
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology-Ramapuram, Chennai, 600089, Tamil Nadu, India; Life Science Division, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, INTI International University, Nilai, 71800, Malaysia.
| | - Saranya Thayanithi
- Department of Biotechnology, Rathinam Technical Campus, Coimbatore, 641021, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Suresh Babu Palanisamy
- Department of Biotechnology, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Thandalam, Chennai, 602105, Tamil Nadu, India.
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3
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Zheng B, Du Y, Deng Y, Zhao T, Dong P, Shi J, Wu Z. Colonial morphology weakens the response of different inorganic carbon uptake systems to CO 2 levels in Microcystis population. HARMFUL ALGAE 2023; 128:102491. [PMID: 37714577 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2023.102491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
Rising atmospheric CO2 concentration negatively impacts aquatic ecosystems and may induce evolutionary changes in the CO2-concentrating mechanism (CCM) of cyanobacteria. As the most notorious freshwater cyanobacteria, Microcystis strains have high phenotypic plasticity to form colonies and blooms in lakes and reservoirs worldwide. However, phenotypic plasticity of Microcystis responses to elevated CO2 is still a major open question. Here, we studied how Microcystis strains with two genotype of inorganic carbon uptake systems, bicA and sbtA, and different colonial morphology response to 200 ppm, 400 ppm, and 800 ppm CO2 levels. The results revealed that sbtA genotypes showed significantly higher specific growth rates, Chl a concentration, and photosynthetic efficiency at 200 ppm CO2, whereas higher specific growth rates, Chl a concentration, and photosynthetic efficiency were found in bicA genotype at 800 ppm CO2. The highest values of specific growth rates, Chl a concentration, Fv/Fm, and maximal net photosynthesis (Pm) were observed in unicellular morphology, followed by small colony and large colonial morphology at all CO2 levels. The values of K0.5 (DIC), K0.5 (CO2), and K0.5 (HCO3-) in the large colonials increased with rising CO2 levels, but these values significantly decreased in the unicellular and small colonials. ANOSIM analysis indicated that colonial morphology reduced significantly inter-group differences between bicA and sbtA genotypes at all CO2 treatments. These results suggest that colonial morphology of Microcystis can weakens the response of different inorganic carbon uptake systems to CO2 levels. Moreover, phenotypic and genotypic plasticity is likely to broaden strongly the fitness of Microcystis from rising atmospheric CO2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baohai Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region (Ministry of Education), Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Ecology and Resources Research in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, School of Life Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yuxin Du
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region (Ministry of Education), Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Ecology and Resources Research in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, School of Life Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yuting Deng
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region (Ministry of Education), Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Ecology and Resources Research in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, School of Life Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Teng Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region (Ministry of Education), Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Ecology and Resources Research in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, School of Life Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Peichang Dong
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region (Ministry of Education), Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Ecology and Resources Research in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, School of Life Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Junqiong Shi
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region (Ministry of Education), Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Ecology and Resources Research in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, School of Life Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Zhongxing Wu
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region (Ministry of Education), Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Ecology and Resources Research in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, School of Life Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
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4
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Agarwal S, Kumari S, Sharma N, Khan S. Impact of nano-glass (NG) particles on seed germination and it's accumulation in plant parts of wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.). Heliyon 2022; 8:e11161. [PMID: 36303918 PMCID: PMC9593190 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e11161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Micro/nano-contaminants have been the focal pollutants in environmental science, which includes several nanomaterials, nanocomposites, fibers, glass, plastics etc. Micro/nano size pollutants are more harmful than macro pollutants due to their size. Therefore, there is an urgent need for research on the possible fate of glass particles in the environment, especially in plant and soil systems. Here, the synthesized nano-glass (NG) from the waste windshield and analyzed its uptake and effect on the wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) plant system in a hydroponic solution. The findings provided direct evidence that NG reduced the germination % with increasing NG concentrations as 100, 96, 92, and 92% for 10, 20, 30, and 40 mg L-1. The lowest root and shoot height (15.40 and 22.42 cm) was achieved in the 40 mg L-1 NG treatment. Decrement in fresh and dry wt. with a maximum reduction of chlorophyll a, b and total content (6.19, 4.98, and 11.17 mg g-1 fresh wt.) was obtained at 40 mg L-1 at 21 days. Rhodamine B was used for fluorescence imaging in seedlings to detect NG movement, Results showed that NG moves via xylem tissues of root part to other parts of the plant. Based on the currently limited or no data and uncertainty regarding the actual impact of NG on soil and plant systems, suggested considerations to address key knowledge gaps are delineated. Further studies are required as a flora build-up of NG can have both environmental influence and consequences on agronomic sustainability and food safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swati Agarwal
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Banasthali Vidyapith, Rajasthan, India
| | - Sonu Kumari
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Rama University, G.T. Road, Kanpur, India
| | - Nidhi Sharma
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Banasthali Vidyapith, Rajasthan, India
| | - Suphiya Khan
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Banasthali Vidyapith, Rajasthan, India,Corresponding author.
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Fan P, Liu C, Ke Z, Zhou W, Wu Z. Growth and physiological responses in a submerged clonal aquatic plant and multiple-endpoint assessment under prolonged exposure to ciprofloxacin. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 239:113690. [PMID: 35643032 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Ciprofloxacin is ubiquitous and poses a potential threat to aquatic ecosystems. However, the comprehensive effect of prolonged ciprofloxacin exposure on the submerged clonal plant Vallisneria natans (Lour.) Hara remains unknown. Growth and physiological responses in V. natans exposed to ciprofloxacin at concentrations of 0, 0.05, 0.25, 1.25, 2.5, 5 and 10 mg/L were repeatedly evaluated on Days 7, 14, 28, 42 and 56. V. natans maintained good growth properties under 0.05-0.25 mg/L ciprofloxacin treatments, while the inhibition effect on plant growth induced by higher-concentration treatments increased over time. The IC50 values of ciprofloxacin for growth endpoints ranged from 1.6 mg/L to 5.3 mg/L and displayed time-dependent decreases. Pigment contents were significantly stimulated by ciprofloxacin on Day 7 but decreased to varying degrees as the exposure time was extended. Soluble protein and hydrogen peroxide content rose significantly over the first 14 days of treatment with 0.25-10 mg/L ciprofloxacin but decreased under 1.25-10 mg/L ciprofloxacin treatments since Day 28. Antioxidants including superoxide dismutase, catalase, guaiacol peroxidase, ascorbate peroxidase and proline functioned well in mitigating oxidative stress under different ciprofloxacin concentrations, lowering the comprehensive toxic effects of ciprofloxacin on V. natans during the period from Day 14 to Day 42, as evidenced by decreased IBR (integrated biomarker response) values. However, the toxic pressure of ciprofloxacin on V. natans peaked on Day 56. These findings suggest that exposure time can influence the responses of V. natans exposed to ciprofloxacin and that IBR can be employed to evaluate the integrated impacts of prolonged ciprofloxacin contamination in aquatic settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Fan
- Water Pollution Ecology Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, PR China; National Field Station of Freshwater Ecosystem in Liangzi Lake, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, PR China
| | - Chunhua Liu
- Water Pollution Ecology Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, PR China; National Field Station of Freshwater Ecosystem in Liangzi Lake, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, PR China
| | - Zhen Ke
- Water Pollution Ecology Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, PR China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Water Pollution Ecology Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, PR China
| | - Zhonghua Wu
- Water Pollution Ecology Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, PR China.
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6
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Litti L, Trivini S, Ferraro D, Reguera J. 3D Printed Microfluidic Device for Magnetic Trapping and SERS Quantitative Evaluation of Environmental and Biomedical Analytes. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:34752-34761. [PMID: 34256559 PMCID: PMC8397251 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c09771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) is an ideal technique for environmental and biomedical sensor devices due to not only the highly informative vibrational features but also to its ultrasensitive nature and possibilities toward quantitative assays. Moreover, in these areas, SERS is especially useful as water hinders most of the spectroscopic techniques such as those based on IR absorption. Despite its promising possibilities, most SERS substrates and technological frameworks for SERS detection are still restricted to research laboratories, mainly due to a lack of robust technologies and standardized protocols. We present herein the implementation of Janus magnetic/plasmonic Fe3O4/Au nanostars (JMNSs) as SERS colloidal substrates for the quantitative determination of several analytes. This multifunctional substrate enables the application of an external magnetic field for JMNSs retention at a specific position within a microfluidic channel, leading to additional amplification of the SERS signals. A microfluidic device was devised and 3D printed as a demonstration of cheap and fast production, with the potential for large-scale implementation. As low as 100 μL of sample was sufficient to obtain results in 30 min, and the chip could be reused for several cycles. To show the potential and versatility of the sensing system, JMNSs were exploited with the microfluidic device for the detection of several relevant analytes showing increasing analytical difficulty, including the comparative detection of p-mercaptobenzoic acid and crystal violet and the quantitative detection of the herbicide flumioxazin and the anticancer drug erlotinib in plasma, where calibration curves within diagnostic concentration intervals were obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucio Litti
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Stefano Trivini
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Davide Ferraro
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, University of
Padova, via Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Javier Reguera
- BCMaterials,
Basque Center for Materials, Applications and Nanostructures, UPV/EHU Science Park, 48940 Leioa, Spain
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Isibor PO, Akinsanya B, Sogbamu T, Olaleru F, Excellence A, Komolafe B, Kayode SJ. Nilonema gymnarchi (Nematoda: Philometridae) and trace metals in Gymnarchus niloticus of Epe lagoon in Lagos State, Nigeria. Heliyon 2020; 6:e04959. [PMID: 33015385 PMCID: PMC7522485 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The presence of trace metals in the sediment, water, and biota of the Epe lagoon has been recently linked to oil exploration and municipal perturbations around the lagoon. The study was aimed at assessing the concentrations and associated health risks of Fe, Zn, Cu, Ni, Pb, Cd, Cr, Mn, Co and V in the water, sediment, and Gymnarchus niloticus of Epe lagoon and to evaluate the role of the enteric parasite Nilonema gymnarchi in bioaccumulation of the metals in the fish. The temperature, pH, redox potential, conductivity, turbidity, dissolved oxygen (DO), total dissolved solids (TDS), and salinity were determined in-situ using a handheld multi-parameter probe (Horiba Water Checker Model U-10). The concentrations of Fe, Zn, Cu, Ni, Pb, Cd, Cr, Mn, Co, and V were determined in the surface water, bottom sediment, Gymnarchus niloticus, and its enteric parasites, Nilonema gymnarchi in Epe lagoon using the Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometer (Philips model PU 9100). The bioaccumulation factors and target hazard quotients of the trace metals in the infected and uninfected fish were estimated and compared. The intestinal tissue sections of the infected and uninfected fish were examined using a binocular dissecting microscope (American Optical Corporation, Model 570) using hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) stain. Biochemical markers such as reduced glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and lipid peroxidation (MDA) were determined in the liver of the infected and uninfected fish. The SOD level was higher in the uninfected fish than the infected ones supports the indications deduced from the bioaccumulation analysis. Strong positive correlations between SOD and most of the metals- Fe (0.916), Zn (0.919), Cu (0.896), and Ni (0.917) suggests that the metals may have inflicted more toxicity in the uninfected. The histopathological comparisons made between the uninfected and infected fish showed consistency with the outcomes of other comparisons made in this study. These evidence were marked by tissue alterations in the infected fish ranging from no observed changes to mild alterations, while the uninfected exhibited more severe tissue injuries such as hemorrhagic lesions, severe vascular congestion, edema, the increased connective tissue of the submucosa, and vascular congestion. The condition factors of the infected (0.252) and uninfected (0.268) fish indicated slenderness and unfitness possibly due to environmental stressors such as trace metals. The parasitized fish showing better-coping potentials than the uninfected, coupled with the significant bioaccumulation interferences exhibited by the parasite Nilonema gymnarchi is an indication that the parasites may be a good metal sequestration agent for the fish and can be used to forestall the significant health hazard quotient posed by the current level of iron and the synergy of all metals analyzed in the lagoon.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bamidele Akinsanya
- Department of Zoology, University of Lagos, P.O. Box 156, Akoka, Nigeria
| | - Temitope Sogbamu
- Department of Zoology, University of Lagos, P.O. Box 156, Akoka, Nigeria
| | - Fatsuma Olaleru
- Department of Zoology, University of Lagos, P.O. Box 156, Akoka, Nigeria
| | | | - Benjamin Komolafe
- Department of Zoology, University of Lagos, P.O. Box 156, Akoka, Nigeria
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Retrieval of Water Quality Parameters from Hyperspectral Images Using Hybrid Bayesian Probabilistic Neural Network. REMOTE SENSING 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/rs12101567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The protection of water resources is of paramount importance to human beings’ practical lives. Monitoring and improving water quality nowadays has become an important topic. In this study, a novel Bayesian probabilistic neural network (BPNN) improved from ordinary Bayesian probability methods has been developed to quantitatively predict water quality parameters including phosphorus, nitrogen, chemical oxygen demand (COD), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), and chlorophyll a. The proposed method, based on conventional Bayesian probability methods, involves feature engineering and deep neural networks. Additionally, it extracts significant information for each endmember from combinations of spectra by feature extraction, with spectral unmixing based on mathematical and statistical analysis, and calculates each of the water quality parameters. The experimental results show the great performance of the proposed model with all coefficient of determination R 2 over 0.9 greater than the values (0.6–0.8) from conventional methods, which are greater than ordinary Bayesian probability analysis. The mean percent of absolute error (MPAE) is taken into account as an important statistical criterion to evaluate model performance, and our results show that MPAE ranges from 4% (nitrogen) to 10% (COD). The root mean squared errors (RMSEs) of phosphorus, nitrogen, COD, BOD, and chlorophyll-a (Chla) are 0.03 mg/L, 0.28 mg/L, 3.28 mg/L, 0.49 mg/L, and 0.75 μg/L, respectively. In comparison with other deep learning methods, this study takes a relatively small amount of data as training data to train the proposed model and the proposed model is then tested on the same amount of testing data, achieving a greater performance. Thus, the proposed method is time-saving and more effective. This study proposes a more compatible and effective method to assist with decomposing combinations of hyperspectral signatures in order to calculate the content level of each water quality parameter. Moreover, the proposed method is practically applied to hyperspectral image data on board an unmanned aerial vehicle in order to monitor the water quality on a large scale and trace the location of pollution sources in the Maozhou River, Guangdong Province of China, obtaining well-explained and significant results.
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Imron MF, Kurniawan SB, Soegianto A, Wahyudianto FE. Phytoremediation of methylene blue using duckweed ( Lemna minor). Heliyon 2019; 5:e02206. [PMID: 31406944 PMCID: PMC6684478 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e02206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2019] [Revised: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Azo dyes are the largest class of synthetic dyes and are utilized in several industries. Effluents containing dyes are released to the environment and pose harm to humans who might be exposed to these contaminants. This study aims to investigate the removal of methylene blue (MB) dye using duckweed (Lemna minor). L. minor (2 g) was exposed into 50 mg/L of MB dyes for 24 h. The absorbance values were measured at 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 24 h with a maximum wavelength of 665 nm. The dye removal percentage and relative growth rate of L. minor during exposure to MB were observed. The removal percentage was 80.56 ± 0.44% for 24 h with a relative growth rate of 0.006/h. L. minor has potential as a phytoremediation agent to remove dyes from wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Fauzul Imron
- Study Program of Environmental Engineering, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Airlangga, Kampus C UNAIR, Jalan Mulyorejo, Surabaya, 60115, Indonesia
| | - Setyo Budi Kurniawan
- Study Program of Waste Treatment Engineering, Department of Marine Engineering, Politeknik Perkapalan Negeri Surabaya, Jalan Teknik Kimia, Kampus ITS Keputih, Sukolilo, Surabaya, 60111, Indonesia
| | - Agoes Soegianto
- Study Program of Environmental Engineering, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Airlangga, Kampus C UNAIR, Jalan Mulyorejo, Surabaya, 60115, Indonesia
| | - Febri Eko Wahyudianto
- Study Program of Environmental Engineering, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Airlangga, Kampus C UNAIR, Jalan Mulyorejo, Surabaya, 60115, Indonesia
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Almeida AC, Gomes T, Langford K, Thomas KV, Tollefsen KE. Oxidative stress potential of the herbicides bifenox and metribuzin in the microalgae Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2019; 210:117-128. [PMID: 30849631 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2019.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Revised: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The widespread presence of herbicides in the aquatic environment has raised awareness about the need to develop further in depth ecotoxicological risk assessments, more specifically on potential effects on photosynthetic organisms as microalgae. The majority of the information available regarding the toxicity of herbicides towards microalgae is related to traditional toxicological and regulatory-relevant endpoints such as growth inhibition, leaving a significant gap on knowledge regarding underlying interactions and damage to biological targets. In this context, this study aimed to supplement the general toxicity information of bifenox and metribuzin in the microalgae Chlamydomonas reinhardtii using a battery of selected high-throughput methods. This multiple-endpoint approach included the measurement of formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), alterations in reduced glutathione (GSH) content, formation of lipid peroxidation (LPO), photosystem II (PSII) performance and loss of photosynthetic pigments after 24 h exposure. Results obtained showed that both herbicides caused a concentration-dependent increase in ROS formation, with bifenox showing higher but less reactive ROS. This increase in ROS production by bifenox and metribuzin was followed by alterations in the antioxidant capacity of algae, oxidative damage in the form of LPO and alterations in pigment content. Furthermore, both herbicides impacted the photosynthetic activity of algae, as seen by alterations in the maximum and effective quantum efficiency of PSII, PSII photochemistry and energy dissipation pathways, impact in the water-splitting apparatus and reduction in the electron transport rate. The inhibitory effect of metribuzin on photosynthetic processes/components was larger than that seen for bifenox. The impact of bifenox and metribuzin in the photosynthetic processes of C. reinhardtii seems to be in close association with the formation of ROS and consequent oxidative stress and damage in algal cells. Overall, this study showed that the high-throughput methods developed could successfully characterise both potential Modes of Action and adverse effects of bifenox and metribuzin in C. reinhardtii.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tânia Gomes
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research, Gaustadalléen 21, 0349 Oslo, Norway
| | - Katherine Langford
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research, Gaustadalléen 21, 0349 Oslo, Norway
| | - Kevin V Thomas
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research, Gaustadalléen 21, 0349 Oslo, Norway
| | - Knut Erik Tollefsen
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research, Gaustadalléen 21, 0349 Oslo, Norway; Centre for Environmental Radioactivity, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Post box 5003, N-1432 Ås, Norway
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11
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El-Samad LM, Radwan EH, Mokhamer EHM, Bakr NR. Aquatic beetles Cercyon unipunctatus as bioindicators of pollution in Lake Edku and Mariut, Egypt. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:6557-6564. [PMID: 30628000 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-4016-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The lakes of the North Delta give a rich and imperative territory for marine fish and its regeneration, and have dependably been major areas of fish creation in Egypt, 75% of the production was collected from them. As of late, many difficulties are confronting these lakes and prompt the exhaustion of fish production from them. The aim of the present study is to evaluate different inorganic pollutants in Coleopterons aquatic insect (Cercyon unipunctatus) taken from both Lake Edku and Mariut and also, to estimate their effect on oxidative stress markers and chromosomal aberrations. The average concentrations of heavy metals differ in the two locations. The concentration of (Pb, Cd, Fe, Co, Cu, Zn, and Mn) was significantly higher in water samples of Lake Mariut than those of Lake Edku. Also, the present work, showed the physical and chemical characters of the two lakes water. In the current study, the obtained results showed that there was a significant increase in (Pb, Cd, Fe, Co, Cu, Zn, and Mn) concentrations in C. unipunctatus tissues which were collected from Lake Mariut. The biochemical parameters of oxidative stress have been affected by the pollution in Lake Mariut water. Significant increases in the activity level of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and malondialdehyde concentration were recorded, while there were significant decreases in (total protein content, GSH content, and GPx activity). The result of chromosomal aberration test showed that there were different types of aberrations as binucleate cell, lagging chromosome, and abnormal distribution of chromosomes. The obtained data showed that C. unipunctatus highly affected by environmental stressors in water. So we suggest that these beetles could be a suitable monitor for ecotoxicological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lamia M El-Samad
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, El Shatbi, Alexandria, 21511, Egypt
| | - Eman H Radwan
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Damanhour University, El Gmohoria street, El Beheira, Egypt.
| | | | - Nahed R Bakr
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Damanhour University, El Gmohoria street, El Beheira, Egypt
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12
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Lin P, Miao J, Pan L, Zheng L, Wang X, Lin Y, Wu J. Acute and chronic toxicity effects of acrylonitrile to the juvenile marine flounder Paralichthys olivaceus. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:35301-35311. [PMID: 30341758 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-3430-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Acrylonitrile (ACN) spills in marine environment have the potential to cause ecological hazards and consequences, but currently little is known about the disruptive effects of ACN on marine organisms. In the present study, we investigated the lethal and sublethal effects of ACN on juvenile flounder Paralichthys olivaceus. The results showed that the 96-h LC50 of ACN to P. olivaceus juveniles was 6.07 mg/L. The fish were then exposed to different sublethal concentrations (0.1, 0.2, and 0.4 mg/L) of ACN for 28 days and then transferred to clean seawater and keep in clean seawater for 14 days to simulate the conditions of a spill incident. Biomarkers (EROD, GST, SOD, AChE activity, and levels of LPO and DNA alkaline unwinding) were tested in liver and brain. The weight gain rates and specific growth rate of juvenile marine flounder exposed to ACN (≥ 0.1 mg/L) for 28 days decreased significantly, indicating that ACN had an inhibitory effect on juvenile growth. Deformity of fish tails was observed on individuals exposed to the highest concentration (0.4 mg/L ACN) for 14 days, and the malformation rate was 38% after 28-day exposure. The present study provides the first evidence that ACN causes inhibition of AChE activity in fish brain. Furthermore, the results showed that ACN can significantly inhibit SOD activity and cause lipid peroxidation and DNA damage in fish brain. The results indicated that brain is more sensitive to ACN toxicity compared to liver and provides a suitable tissue for biomonitoring. The biomarkers measured during the depuration period showed that the effects caused by ACN were reversible when the exposure concentration was lower than 0.4 mg/L. These results highlight the adverse effects of ACN in brain of fish, which should be considered in environmental risk assessment. Biomarkers including AChE activity, LPO, and DNA damage of brain tissue should be included in fish bioassays for toxic effect assessment of ACN spills.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Lin
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Jingjing Miao
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, China.
- Lab. of Environmental Physiology of Aquatic Animal, Fisheries College, Ocean University of China, Yushan Road 5, Qingdao, 266003, China.
| | - Luqing Pan
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Lei Zheng
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Xiufen Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Yufei Lin
- National Marine Hazard Mitigation Service, State Ocean Administration, Beijing, 100194, China
| | - Jiangyue Wu
- National Marine Hazard Mitigation Service, State Ocean Administration, Beijing, 100194, China
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13
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Torbati S, Mahmoudian M, Alimirzaei N. Toxicological Effects of a Post Emergent Herbicide on Spirodela polyrhiza as a Model Macrophyte: A Comparison of the Effects of Pure and Nano-capsulated Form of the Herbicide. IRANIAN JORNAL OF TOXICOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.29252/arakmu.12.2.45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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14
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TORBATI S, MAHMOUDIAN M, ALIMIRZAEI N. Nanocapsulation of herbicide Haloxyfop-R-methyl in poly(methyl methacrylate): phytotoxicological effects of pure herbicide and its nanocapsulated form on duckweed as a model macrophyte. Turk J Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.3906/kim-1705-70] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
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15
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Drobniewska A, Wójcik D, Kapłan M, Adomas B, Piotrowicz-Cieślak A, Nałęcz-Jawecki G. Recovery of Lemna minor after exposure to sulfadimethoxine irradiated and non-irradiated in a solar simulator. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:27642-27652. [PMID: 27495922 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-7174-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 06/30/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Sulfonamides are the second most widely used group of veterinary antibiotics which are often detected in the environment. They are eliminated from freshwaters mainly through photochemical degradation. The toxicity of sulfadimethoxine (SDM) was evaluated with the use of Lemna minor before and after 1- and 4-h irradiation in a SunTest CPS+ solar simulator. Eight endpoints consisting of: number and total area of fronds, fresh weight, chlorophylls a and b, carotenoids, activity of catalase and guaiacol peroxidase, and protein content were determined. The total frond area and chlorophyll b content were the most sensitive endpoints with EC50 of 478 and 554 μg L-1, respectively. The activity of guaiacol peroxidase and catalase increased at SDM concentrations higher than 125 and 500 μg L-1, respectively. The SDM photodegradation rate for first order kinetics and the half-life were 0.259 h-1 and 2.67 h, respectively. The results show that the toxicity of irradiated solutions was caused by SDM only, and the photoproducts appeared to be either non-toxic or much less toxic to L. minor than the parent compound. To study the recovery potential of L. minor, after 7 days exposure in SDM solutions, the plants were transferred to fresh medium and incubated for the next 7 days. L. minor has the ability to regenerate, but a 7-day recovery phase is not sufficient for it to return to an optimal physiological state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Drobniewska
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Medical University of Warsaw, 1 Banacha Str., 02-097, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Dorota Wójcik
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Medical University of Warsaw, 1 Banacha Str., 02-097, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Monika Kapłan
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Medical University of Warsaw, 1 Banacha Str., 02-097, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Barbara Adomas
- Department of Air Protection and Environmental Toxicology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 17 Prawocheńskiego Str., 10-726, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Piotrowicz-Cieślak
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 1A Oczapowskiego Str., 10-718, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Nałęcz-Jawecki
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Medical University of Warsaw, 1 Banacha Str., 02-097, Warsaw, Poland
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Ando D, Fujisawa T, Katagi T. Fate of Flumioxazin in Aquatic Plants: Two Algae (Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata, Synechococcus sp.), Duckweed (Lemna sp.), and Water Milfoil (Myriophyllum elatinoides). JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2017; 65:8813-8822. [PMID: 28920683 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b03355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Flumioxazin separately 14C-labeled at 1,2-positions of the tetrahydrophthalimide moiety or uniformly labeled at the phenyl ring was exposed to two algae and duckweed via the water layer and water milfoil via the water layer or bottom sediment for 14 days to investigate uptake and metabolic profiles in these aquatic plants. While 14C-flumioxazin received immediate hydrolysis through maleimide ring opening and amide bond cleavage with its hydrolytic half-life of <1 day in both water and sediment, the 14C-plant uptake was ≤4.7% of the applied radioactivity (%AR) with water exposure for all plants and 0.9%AR with sediment exposure for water milfoil. No 14C-translocation between shoot/leaves and roots occurred in water milfoil. The components of 14C residues in plants were common among the species, which were the above hydrolysates and their transformation products, that is, dicarboxylic acid derivative metabolized via hydroxylation at the double bond of the cyclohexene ring followed by sugar conjugation with its counterpart amine derivative via acid conjugations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Ando
- Environmental Health Science Laboratory, Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd. , 4-2-1, Takarazuka, Hyogo 665-8555, Japan
| | - Takuo Fujisawa
- Environmental Health Science Laboratory, Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd. , 4-2-1, Takarazuka, Hyogo 665-8555, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Katagi
- Environmental Health Science Laboratory, Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd. , 3-1-98, Kasugade-naka 3-chome, Konohana-ku, Osaka-city, Osaka 554-8558, Japan
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17
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Islam F, Farooq MA, Gill RA, Wang J, Yang C, Ali B, Wang GX, Zhou W. 2,4-D attenuates salinity-induced toxicity by mediating anatomical changes, antioxidant capacity and cation transporters in the roots of rice cultivars. Sci Rep 2017; 7:10443. [PMID: 28874677 PMCID: PMC5585390 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-09708-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Growth regulator herbicides are widely used in paddy fields to control weeds, however their role in conferring environmental stress tolerance in the crop plants are still elusive. In this study, the effects of recommended dose of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) on growth, oxidative damage, antioxidant defense, regulation of cation transporter genes and anatomical changes in the roots of rice cultivars XS 134 (salt resistant) and ZJ 88 (salt sensitive) were investigated under different levels of saline stress. Individual treatments of saline stress and 2,4-D application induced oxidative damage as evidenced by decreased root growth, enhanced ROS production, more membrane damage and Na+ accumulation in sensitive cultivar compared to the tolerant cultivar. Conversely, combined treatments of 2,4-D and saline stress significantly alleviated the growth inhibition and oxidative stress in roots of rice cultivars by modulating lignin and callose deposition, redox states of AsA, GSH, and related enzyme activities involved in the antioxidant defense system. The expression analysis of nine cation transporter genes showed altered and differential gene expression in salt-stressed roots of sensitive and resistant cultivars. Together, these results suggest that 2,4-D differentially regulates the Na+ and K+ levels, ROS production, antioxidant defense, anatomical changes and cation transporters/genes in roots of rice cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faisal Islam
- Institute of Crop Science and Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Muhammad A Farooq
- Institute of Crop Science and Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.,Institute of Pure and Applied Biology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Rafaqat A Gill
- Institute of Crop Science and Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Institute of Crop Science and Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Chong Yang
- Institute of Crop Science and Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Basharat Ali
- Institute of Crop Science and Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.,Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation, University of Bonn, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Guang-Xi Wang
- Department of Environmental Bioscience, Meijo University, Nagoya City, Aichi, 468-8502, Japan
| | - Weijun Zhou
- Institute of Crop Science and Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
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18
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Largo-Gosens A, de Castro M, Alonso-Simón A, García-Angulo P, Acebes JL, Encina A, Álvarez JM. Quinclorac-habituation of bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) cultured cells is related to an increase in their antioxidant capacity. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2016; 107:257-263. [PMID: 27318799 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2016.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2016] [Revised: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The habituation of bean cells to quinclorac did not rely on cell wall modifications, contrary to what it was previously observed for the well-known cellulose biosynthesis inhibitors dichlobenil or isoxaben. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether or not the bean cells habituation to quinclorac is related to an enhancement of antioxidant activities involved in the scavenging capacity of reactive oxygen species. Treating non-habituated bean calluses with 10 μM quinclorac reduced the relative growth rate and induced a two-fold increase in lipid peroxidation. However, the exposition of quinclorac-habituated cells to a concentration of quinclorac up to 30 μM neither affected their growth rate nor increased their lipid peroxidation levels. Quinclorac-habituated calluses had significantly higher constitutive levels of three antioxidant activities (class-III peroxidase, glutathione reductase, and superoxide dismutase) than those observed in non-habituated calluses, and the treatment of habituated calluses with 30 μM quinclorac significantly increased the level of class III-peroxidase and superoxide dismutase. The results reported here indicate that the process of habituation to quinclorac in bean callus-cultured cells is related, at least partially, to the development of a stable antioxidant capacity that enables them to cope with the oxidative stress caused by quinclorac. Class-III peroxidase and superoxide dismutase activities could play a major role in the quinclorac-habituation. Changes in the antioxidant status of bean cells were stable, since the increase in the antioxidant activities were maintained in quinclorac-dehabituated cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asier Largo-Gosens
- Área de Fisiología Vegetal, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales, Universidad de León, E-24071 León, Spain
| | - María de Castro
- Área de Fisiología Vegetal, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales, Universidad de León, E-24071 León, Spain
| | - Ana Alonso-Simón
- Área de Fisiología Vegetal, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales, Universidad de León, E-24071 León, Spain
| | - Penélope García-Angulo
- Área de Fisiología Vegetal, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales, Universidad de León, E-24071 León, Spain
| | - José L Acebes
- Área de Fisiología Vegetal, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales, Universidad de León, E-24071 León, Spain
| | - Antonio Encina
- Área de Fisiología Vegetal, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales, Universidad de León, E-24071 León, Spain.
| | - Jesús M Álvarez
- Área de Fisiología Vegetal, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales, Universidad de León, E-24071 León, Spain
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19
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Wang F, Liu D, Qu H, Chen L, Zhou Z, Wang P. A full evaluation for the enantiomeric impacts of lactofen and its metabolites on aquatic macrophyte Lemna minor. WATER RESEARCH 2016; 101:55-63. [PMID: 27258616 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2016.05.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2015] [Revised: 05/15/2016] [Accepted: 05/20/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Pesticide pollution of surface water represents a considerable danger for the aquatic plants which play very crucial roles in aquatic system such as oxygen production, nutrient cycling, water quality controlling and sediment stabilization. In this work, the toxic effects of the chiral herbicide lactofen and its three metabolites (desethyl lactofen, acifluorfene and amino acifluorfene) to the aquatic plant Lemna minor (L. minor) on enantiomeric level were evaluated. The influences on growth rate, fresh weight, content of photosynthetic pigment, protein and malondialdehyde (MDA) and the activities of antioxidant defense enzymes (catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD)) were measured after 7 days of exposure. L. minor growth was inhibited in the order of (S)-desethyl lactofen > racemic-desethyl lactofen > (R)-desethyl lactofen > racemic-lactofen > (S)-lactofen > (R)-lactofen > acifluorfene > amino acifluorfene, and the IC50 (7d) values showed desethyl lactofen was the most powerful compound which was about twice as toxic as lactofen. The contents of chlorophylls (Chl) and carotenoids (Car) were significantly reduced by the chemicals, while, the levels of protein, MDA and the activity of CAT and SOD enzymes increased in most cases. The obtained results revealed that lactofen and its metabolites had an undesirable effect on L. minor, in terms of physiological and biochemical aspects. Besides, enantioselective toxicity of lactofen and desethyl lactofen to L. minor was observed. The S-enantiomer of desethyl lactofen was more toxic than the corresponding R-enantiomer. Furthermore, racemic lactofen was more toxic than the individual enantiomers. The side effects of pesticide metabolites and the enantioselectivity should be considered in developing optically pure products and risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, No. 2 West Yuanmingyuan Road, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Donghui Liu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, No. 2 West Yuanmingyuan Road, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Han Qu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, No. 2 West Yuanmingyuan Road, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Li Chen
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, No. 2 West Yuanmingyuan Road, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Zhiqiang Zhou
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, No. 2 West Yuanmingyuan Road, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Peng Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, No. 2 West Yuanmingyuan Road, Beijing 100193, PR China.
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20
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Largo-Gosens A, Encina A, de Castro M, Mélida H, Acebes JL, García-Angulo P, Álvarez JM. Early habituation of maize (Zea mays) suspension-cultured cells to 2,6-dichlorobenzonitrile is associated with the enhancement of antioxidant status. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2016; 157:193-204. [PMID: 26612685 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.12411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2015] [Revised: 10/23/2015] [Accepted: 10/28/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The cellulose biosynthesis inhibitor 2,6-dichlorobenzonitrile (DCB) has been widely used to gain insights into cell wall composition and architecture. Studies of changes during early habituation to DCB can provide information on mechanisms that allow tolerance/habituation to DCB. In this context, maize-cultured cells with a reduced amount of cellulose (∼20%) were obtained by stepwise habituation to low DCB concentrations. The results reported here attempt to elucidate the putative role of an antioxidant strategy during incipient habituation. The short-term exposure to DCB of non-habituated maize-cultured cells induced a substantial increase in oxidative damage. Concomitantly, short-term treated cells presented an increase in class III peroxidase and glutathione S-transferase activities and total glutathione content. Maize cells habituated to 0.3-1 µM DCB (incipient habituation) were characterized by a reduction in the relative cell growth rate, an enhancement of ascorbate peroxidase and class III peroxidase activities, and a net increment in total glutathione content. Moreover, these cell lines showed increased levels of glutathione S-transferase activity. Changes in antioxidant/conjugation status enabled 0.3 and 0.5 µM DCB-habituated cells to control lipid peroxidation levels, but this was not the case of maize cells habituated to 1 μM DCB, which despite showing an increased antioxidant capacity were not capable of reducing the oxidative damage to control levels. The results reported here confirm that exposure and incipient habituation of maize cells to DCB are associated with an enhancement in antioxidant/conjugation activities which could play a role in incipient DCB habituation of maize-cultured cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asier Largo-Gosens
- Área de Fisiología Vegetal, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales, Universidad de León, León, E-24071, Spain
| | - Antonio Encina
- Área de Fisiología Vegetal, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales, Universidad de León, León, E-24071, Spain
| | - María de Castro
- Área de Fisiología Vegetal, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales, Universidad de León, León, E-24071, Spain
| | - Hugo Mélida
- Área de Fisiología Vegetal, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales, Universidad de León, León, E-24071, Spain
- Centre for Plant Biotechnology and Genomics, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, E-28223, Spain
| | - José L Acebes
- Área de Fisiología Vegetal, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales, Universidad de León, León, E-24071, Spain
| | - Penélope García-Angulo
- Área de Fisiología Vegetal, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales, Universidad de León, León, E-24071, Spain
| | - Jesús M Álvarez
- Área de Fisiología Vegetal, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales, Universidad de León, León, E-24071, Spain
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Zhu Z, Song S, Li P, Jeelani N, Wang P, Yuan H, Zhang J, An S, Leng X. Growth and physiological responses of submerged plant Vallisneria natans to water column ammonia nitrogen and sediment copper. PeerJ 2016; 4:e1953. [PMID: 27123381 PMCID: PMC4846802 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.1953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. The decline of submerged plant populations due to high heavy metal (e.g., Cu) levels in sediments and ammonia nitrogen (ammonia-N) accumulation in the freshwater column has become a significant global problem. Previous studies have evaluated the effect of ammonia-N on submerged macrophytes, but few have focused on the influence of sediment Cu on submerged macrophytes and their combined effects. Methods. In this paper, we selected three levels of ammonia-N (0, 3, and 6 mg L−1) and sediment Cu (25.75 ± 6.02 as the control, 125.75 ± 6.02, and 225.75 ± 6.02 mg kg−1), to investigate the influence of sediment Cu and ammonia-N on submerged Vallisneria natans. We measured the relative growth rate (RGR), above- and below- ground biomass, chlorophyll, non-protein thiol (NP-SH), and free proline. Results and Discussion. The below-ground biomass of V. natans decreased with increasing Cu sediment levels, suggesting that excessive sediment Cu can result in significant damage to the root of V. natans. Similarly, the above-ground biomass significantly decreased with increasing ammonia-N concentrations, indicating that excessive water ammonia-N can cause significant toxicity to the leaf of V. natans. In addition, high ammonia-N levels place a greater stress on submerged plants than sediment Cu, which is indicated by the decline of RGR and chlorophyll, and the increase of (NP-SH) and free proline. Furthermore, high sediment Cu causes ammonia-N to impose greater injury on submerged plants, and higher sediment Cu levels (Cu ≥ 125.75 mg kg−1) led to the tolerant values of ammonia-N for V. natans decreasing from 6 to 3 mg L−1. This study suggests that high sediment Cu restricts the growth of plants and intensifies ammonia-N damage to V. natans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengjie Zhu
- School of Life Science and Institute of Wetland Ecology, Nanjing University, Nanjing Jiangsu, PR China; Nanjing University Ecology Research Institute of Changshu, Changshu Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Siyuan Song
- School of Life Science and Institute of Wetland Ecology, Nanjing University, Nanjing Jiangsu, PR China; Nanjing University Ecology Research Institute of Changshu, Changshu Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Pengshan Li
- School of Life Science and Institute of Wetland Ecology, Nanjing University, Nanjing Jiangsu, PR China; Nanjing University Ecology Research Institute of Changshu, Changshu Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Nasreen Jeelani
- School of Life Science and Institute of Wetland Ecology, Nanjing University, Nanjing Jiangsu, PR China; Nanjing University Ecology Research Institute of Changshu, Changshu Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Penghe Wang
- School of Life Science and Institute of Wetland Ecology, Nanjing University, Nanjing Jiangsu, PR China; Nanjing University Ecology Research Institute of Changshu, Changshu Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Hezhong Yuan
- Nanjing University Ecology Research Institute of Changshu, Changshu Jiangsu, PR China; School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Jinghan Zhang
- Nanjing University Ecology Research Institute of Changshu , Changshu Jiangsu , PR China
| | - Shuqing An
- School of Life Science and Institute of Wetland Ecology, Nanjing University, Nanjing Jiangsu, PR China; Nanjing University Ecology Research Institute of Changshu, Changshu Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Xin Leng
- School of Life Science and Institute of Wetland Ecology, Nanjing University, Nanjing Jiangsu, PR China; Nanjing University Ecology Research Institute of Changshu, Changshu Jiangsu, PR China
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Park H, Kim J, Kwon E, Kim TH. Crystal structure of flumioxazin. Acta Crystallogr E Crystallogr Commun 2015; 71:o768. [PMID: 26594468 PMCID: PMC4647385 DOI: 10.1107/s2056989015017223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Accepted: 09/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The title compound {systematic name: 2-[7-fluoro-3,4-di-hydro-3-oxo-4-(prop-2-yn-1-yl)-2H-1,4-benzoxazin-6-yl]-4,5,6,7-tetra-hydro-1H-iso-indole-1,3(2H)-dione}, C19H15FN2O4, is a dicarboximide herbicide. The dihedral angle between the male-imide and benzene ring planes is 66.13 (5)°. In the crystal, C-H⋯O and C-H⋯F hydrogen bonds and weak C-H⋯π inter-actions [3.5601 (19) Å] link adjacent mol-ecules, forming two-dimensional networks extending parallel to the (110) plane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunjin Park
- Department of Chemistry and Research Institute of Natural Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Jineun Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Research Institute of Natural Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunjin Kwon
- Department of Chemistry and Research Institute of Natural Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Ho Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Research Institute of Natural Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
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Torbati S, Khataee A, Movafeghi A. Application of watercress (Nasturtium officinale R. Br.) for biotreatment of a textile dye: Investigation of some physiological responses and effects of operational parameters. Chem Eng Res Des 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2014.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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Tan W, Liang T, Li Q, Du Y, Zhai H. The phenotype of grape leaves caused by acetochlor or fluoroglycofen, and effects of latter herbicide on grape leaves. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2014; 114:102-107. [PMID: 25175657 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2014.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2013] [Revised: 05/01/2014] [Accepted: 06/17/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Fluoroglycofen and acetochlor are two different herbicides used in vineyards to eradicate weeds. This present study first characterized the effects of these chemicals on phenotype of grape leaves. Results showed that acetochlor caused the middle- and upper-node grape leaves become yellow at 60th day after treatment, while fluoroglycofen caused the ones became dark green. Then the effects of fluoroglycofen on photosynthetic pigments and chloroplast ultrastructure were characterized. Results showed that fluoroglycofen increased the chlorophyll and carotenoid contents by different extent in different node leaves, while it did not affect the net photosynthesis rate significantly. Chloroplast ultrastructure analysis showed that the gap between thylakoids layers in few chloroplasts of middle-node leaves increased, which was also observed in ones of upper-node leaves; the number and size of chloroplast increased. Analysis on the deformed leaves of grapevines treated with 375 g ai ha(-1) fluoroglycofen showed that the starch grain per cell was much more and larger than that in the same size control leaves; the dark green and yellow parts had more or fewer chloroplast than the control, respectively, but both with more grana per chloroplast and less layers per granum. Chloroplasts went larger and round. Taken together, these results suggested that fluoroglycofen caused the grape leaves become dark green, which might be associated with the changes of chloroplast; the growth inhibition in the second year might be due to accumulation of starch.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Tan
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China; Pomology Institute, Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Science, Taigu 030815, China
| | - Ting Liang
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China
| | - Qingliang Li
- Pomology Institute, Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Science, Taigu 030815, China
| | - Yuanpeng Du
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China
| | - Heng Zhai
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China.
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Zhang W, Xiong B, Sun WF, An S, Lin KF, Guo MJ, Cui XH. Acute and chronic toxic effects of bisphenol A on Chlorella pyrenoidosa and Scenedesmus obliquus. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2014; 29:714-722. [PMID: 22887798 DOI: 10.1002/tox.21806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2012] [Revised: 07/19/2012] [Accepted: 07/21/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The acute and chronic toxic effects of Bisphenol A (BPA) on Chlorella pyrenoidosa (C. pyrenoidosa) and Scenedesmus obliquus (S. obliquus) were not well understood. The indoor experiments were carried out to observe and analyze the BPA-induced changes. Results of the observations showed that in acute tests BPA could significantly inhibit the growth of both algae, whereas chronic exposure hardly displayed similar trend. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and Catalase (CAT) activities of both algae were promoted in all the treatments. Chlorophyll a synthesis of the two algae exhibited similar inhibitory trend in short-term treatments, and in chronic tests C. pyrenoidosa hardly resulted in visible influence, whereas in contrast, dose-dependent inhibitory effects of S. obliquus could be clearly observed. The experimental results indicated that the growth and Chlorophyll a syntheses of S.obliquus were more sensitive in response to BPA than that of C. pyrenoidosa, whereas for SOD andCAT activities, C. pyrenoidosa was more susceptible. This research provides a basic understanding of BPA toxicity to aquatic organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, People's Republic of China; School of Resource and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, People's Republic of China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, People's Republic of China
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26
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Bonet B, Corcoll N, Tlili A, Morin S, Guasch H. Antioxidant enzyme activities in biofilms as biomarker of Zn pollution in a natural system: an active bio-monitoring study. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2014; 103:82-90. [PMID: 24378183 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2013.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2013] [Revised: 11/07/2013] [Accepted: 11/08/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to explore the use of antioxidant enzyme activities (AEA) and biofilm metal accumulation capacity in natural communities as effect-based indicator of metal exposure in fluvial systems. To achieve these objectives, an active biomonitoring using fluvial biofilm communities was performed during 5 weeks. Biofilm was colonized over artificial substrata in a non-polluted site. After 5 weeks, biofilms were translocated to four different sites with different metal pollution in the same stream. The evolution of environmental parameters as well as biofilm responses was analysed over time. Physicochemical parameters were different between sampling times as well as between the most polluted site and the less polluted ones, mainly due to Zn pollution. In contrast, AEA and metal accumulation in biofilms allowed us to discriminate the high and moderate metal pollution sites from the rest. Zn, the metal with the highest contribution to potential toxicity, presented a fast and high accumulation capacity in biofilms. According to the multivariate analysis, AEA showed different responses. While catalase (CAT) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) variability was mainly attributed to environmental stress (pH, temperature and phosphate concentration), glutathione-S-transferase (GST) changes were related to metal pollution. Glutathione reductase (GR) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) responses were related to both stress factors. AEA and metal accumulation are proposed as sensitive effect-based field methods, to evaluate biofilm responses after acute metal exposure (e.g. an accidental spill) due to their capacity to respond after few hours, but also in routinely monitoring due to their persistent changes after few weeks of exposure. These tools could improve the Common Implementation Strategy (CIS) of the Water Framework Directive (WFD) as expert group request.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berta Bonet
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Institute of Aquatic Ecology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Girona (UdG), Campus Montilivi, 17071 Girona, Spain.
| | - Natàlia Corcoll
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Institute of Aquatic Ecology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Girona (UdG), Campus Montilivi, 17071 Girona, Spain
| | - Ahmed Tlili
- Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Alte Fischerhütte 2, 16775 Stechlin, Germany; IRSTEA, UR MAEP, 3bis quai Chauveau, CP, 69336 Lyon Cedex 09, France
| | - Soizic Morin
- IRSTEA, UR REBX, 50 avenue de Verdun, 33612 Cestas Cedex, France
| | - Helena Guasch
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Institute of Aquatic Ecology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Girona (UdG), Campus Montilivi, 17071 Girona, Spain
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27
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FENG X, ZHU G, LI Y. Toxicological effects of rare earth yttrium on wheat seedlings (Triticum aestivum). J RARE EARTH 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/s1002-0721(12)60429-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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28
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Mofeed J, Mosleh YY. Toxic responses and antioxidative enzymes activity of Scenedesmus obliquus exposed to fenhexamid and atrazine, alone and in mixture. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2013; 95:234-240. [PMID: 23796667 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2013.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2013] [Revised: 05/19/2013] [Accepted: 05/20/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Laboratory studies were conducted to determine the effects of different concentrations of fenhexamid and atrazine (25, 50 and 100 µg L(-1)) on growth and oxidative stress on Scenedesmus obliquus (microalgae) after exposure for 24, 48, and 96 h. In addition, residues of fenhexamid and atrazine were determined in the culture medium after 96 h; 52%, 44% and 43% of fenhexamid remained in the medium for the lowest, middle and highest concentrations, respectively. Atrazine concentration decreased significantly in the medium with time. The reduction was faster with the lowest concentration (-53%), than in the highest concentration (-46%), while it was intermediate with 50 µg L(-1) (-47%). The antioxidative enzyme activities were used as biomarkers to evaluate the toxic effects of fenhexamid and atrazine on the microalgae. Enzymatic activities were measured in the presence of each compound alone after 24, 48 and 96 h and also in mixture after 24h exposure. The results showed that fenhexamid and atrazine induced antioxidative enzyme activities (GST, CAT and GR) at different concentrations. Catalase activities (CAT) in both pesticides treated-algae were significantly increased. Additionally, an increase in gulathione-S-transferase (GST) was observed in algae after 24, 48 and 96 h of exposure to both fenhexamid and atrazine. Antioxidative enzymes in fenhexamid and atrazine mixture treatment showed an antagonistic interaction after 24h of exposure in algae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelan Mofeed
- Department of Aquatic Environment, Faculty of Fish Resourses, Suez University, Suez, Egypt
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29
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Li M, Zheng Y, Liang H, Zou L, Sun J, Zhang Y, Qin F, Liu S, Wang Z. Molecular cloning and characterization of cat, gpx1 and Cu/Zn-sod genes in pengze crucian carp (Carassius auratus var. Pengze) and antioxidant enzyme modulation induced by hexavalent chromium in juveniles. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2013; 157:310-21. [PMID: 23462276 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2013.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2012] [Revised: 01/31/2013] [Accepted: 02/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Hexavalent chromium (Cr(6+)) is a common pollutant transient metal with high toxicity in the environment. The toxicological effects partly result from oxidative damage due to the production of excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the reductive process of Cr(6+). To explore the influence of ROS induced directly by Cr(6+) on the oxidative stress generation and antioxidant system, the full length cDNAs of antioxidant-related genes cat, gpx1 and Cu/Zn-sod were successfully acquired from pengze crucian carp first and analyzed. Furthermore, the mRNA expression of the antioxidant genes encompassing catalase (cat), copper/zinc superoxide dismutase (Cu/Zn-sod) and glutathione peroxidase (gpx1), antioxidant enzyme activities of CAT, SOD, and GPx and total protein content were further studied in the gill, intestine and liver of pengze crucian carp (Carassius auratus var. Pengze) juveniles upon acute exposure to Cr(6+) at concentrations of 0.1, 1.0, 10 and 100 mg/L for 4 days. Differential significant changes of the antioxidant enzymes and gene expression were observed in different tissues. The findings contribute to better understanding the antioxidant mechanisms induced by Cr(6+) and selecting the organic-specific sensitive biomarkers to monitor the safety of the aquatic ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
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30
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Bonet B, Corcoll N, Acuňa V, Sigg L, Behra R, Guasch H. Seasonal changes in antioxidant enzyme activities of freshwater biofilms in a metal polluted Mediterranean stream. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2013; 444:60-72. [PMID: 23262325 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.11.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2012] [Revised: 11/05/2012] [Accepted: 11/08/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
While seasonal variations in fluvial communities have been extensively investigated, effects of seasonality on community responses to environmental and/or chemical stress are poorly documented. The aim of this study was to describe antioxidant enzyme activity (AEA) variability in fluvial biofilms over an annual cycle, under multi-stress scenarios due to environmental variability (e.g., light intensity, water flow, and temperature) and metal pollution (Zn, Mn and Fe). The annual monitoring study was performed at three sites according to their water and biofilm metal concentrations. Metal concentration was affected by water flow due to dilution. Low flow led to higher dissolved Zn concentrations, and thus to higher Zn accumulation in the biofilm. Water temperature, light intensity and phosphate concentration were the environmental factors which determined the seasonality of biofilm responses, whereas dissolved Zn and Zn accumulation in biofilms were the parameters linked to sites and periods of highest metal pollution. Community algal succession, from diatoms in cold conditions to green algae in warm conditions, was clearer in the non metal-polluted site than in those metal-polluted, presumably due to the selection pressure exerted by metals. Most AEA were related with seasonal environmental variability at the sites with low or no-metal pollution, except glutathione-S-transferase (GST) which was related with Zn (dissolved and accumulated in biofilm) pollution occurring at the most polluted site. We can conclude that seasonal variations of community composition and function are masked by metal pollution. From this study we suggest the use of a multi-biomarker approach, including AEA and a set of biological and physicochemical parameters as an effect-based field tool to assess metal pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berta Bonet
- Institute of Aquatic Ecology, University of Girona, Campus de Montilivi, 17071 Girona, Spain.
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31
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Silkina A, Bazes A, Mouget JL, Bourgougnon N. Comparative efficiency of macroalgal extracts and booster biocides as antifouling agents to control growth of three diatom species. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2012; 64:2039-46. [PMID: 22853990 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2012.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2011] [Revised: 06/18/2012] [Accepted: 06/27/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The application of 'booster biocides' Diuron, Tolylfluanid and Copper thiocyanate inbantifouling paints, used to prevent development of biofouling, needs to be monitored before assessing their impacts on the environment. An alternative approach aims to propose eco-friendly and effective antifoulants isolated from marine organisms such as seaweeds. In this study, the effects of 'booster biocides' and the ethanol and dichloromethane extracts from a brown (Sargassum muticum) and a red alga (Ceramium botryocarpum) have been compared by algal growth inhibition tests of marine diatoms. The most efficient extracts were ethanol fraction of S. muticum and C. botryocarpum extracts with growth EC(50)=4.74 and 5.3μg mL(-1) respectively, with reversible diatom growth effect. The booster biocides are more efficient EC(50)=0.52μg mL(-1), but are highly toxic. Results validate the use of macroalgal extracts as non toxic antifouling compounds, and they represent valuable environmentally friendly alternatives in comparison with currently used biocides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alla Silkina
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologie et Chimie Marines, Université de Bretagne-Sud, Centre de Recherche Saint Maudé, 56321 Lorient Cedex, France.
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Bonet B, Corcoll N, Guasch H. Antioxidant enzyme activities as biomarkers of Zn pollution in fluvial biofilms. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2012; 80:172-178. [PMID: 22421453 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2012.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2011] [Revised: 02/21/2012] [Accepted: 02/23/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The potential of the antioxidant enzyme catalase (CAT) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) as molecular biomarkers of Zn toxicity in freshwater biofilms has been explored in this study jointly with other classical functional and structural endpoints (photosynthetic parameters, algal group composition and bioaccumulation). Biofilms were colonized in an indoor microcosm system for 5 weeks and then exposed to Zn for 5 weeks. To evaluate Zn effects, biofilms were sampled 5 and 3 days before exposure, just before exposure (time 0), and after 6h, 1, 3, 7, 21 and 35 days of metal exposure. Most endpoints measured were affected by Zn exposure (320 μg Zn L(-1)) during both periods of exposure. APX was the only functional parameter responding after a few hours of Zn exposure, highlighting its use as an early toxicity biomarker. Structural changes began after 3 days of exposure, starting with a decrease in algal biomass and an increase in the OD 430:665 ratio. Structural changes in biofilm communities were observed after 1 week, leading to a shift from diatoms to cyanobacteria and green algae-dominated communities. CAT activity was thereafter enhanced (after three weeks of exposure) and attributed not only to a direct effect of Zn bioaccumulation but also to an indirect effect of the community composition changes driven by chronic metal exposure. It can be concluded that biofilm antioxidant enzyme activities may provide evidence of early stress caused by metal exposure and also provide information about the mechanism of community adaptation. This information can be of great interest to improve current tools used for risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berta Bonet
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Institute of Aquatic Ecology, University of Girona, Campus de Montilivi, 17071 Girona, Spain.
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33
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Khataee AR, Movafeghi A, Torbati S, Salehi Lisar SY, Zarei M. Phytoremediation potential of duckweed (Lemna minor L.) in degradation of C.I. Acid Blue 92: artificial neural network modeling. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2012; 80:291-8. [PMID: 22498423 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2012.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2012] [Revised: 03/14/2012] [Accepted: 03/21/2012] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
In present study, the potential of duckweed (Lemna minor L.) for degradation of an azo dye C.I. Acid Blue 92 (AB92) has been investigated. The effect of operational parameters such as initial dye concentration, pH, temperature and amount of plant on the efficiency of biological decolorization process was determined. The reusability of Lemna minor L. in long term repetitive operations was also examined. Growth and some biochemical parameters (photosynthetic pigments content, superoxide dismutase, catalase and peroxidase activity) were used to detect the toxic effects of AB92 on duckweed plant. The biological degradation compounds formed in the present process were analyzed by GC-MS technique. In addition, an artificial neural network (ANN) model was expanded to predict the biological decolorization efficiency. The obtained data indicated that ANN provide realistic predictive performance (R(2)=0.954).
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Affiliation(s)
- A R Khataee
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, Tabriz 5166616471, Iran.
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Nestler H, Groh KJ, Schönenberger R, Behra R, Schirmer K, Eggen RIL, Suter MJF. Multiple-endpoint assay provides a detailed mechanistic view of responses to herbicide exposure in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2012; 110-111:214-224. [PMID: 22357416 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2012.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2011] [Revised: 01/18/2012] [Accepted: 01/22/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The release of herbicides into the aquatic environment raises concerns about potential detrimental effects on ecologically important non-target species, such as unicellular algae, necessitating ecotoxicological risk assessment. Algal toxicity tests based on growth, a commonly assessed endpoint, are integrative, and hence do not provide information about underlying toxic mechanisms and effects. This limitation may be overcome by measuring more specific biochemical and physiological endpoints. In the present work, we developed and applied a novel multiple-endpoint assay, and analyzed the effects of the herbicides paraquat, diuron and norflurazon, each representing a specific mechanism of toxic action, on the single celled green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. The endpoints added to assessment of growth were pigment content, maximum and effective photosystem II quantum yield, ATP content, esterase and oxidative activity. All parameters were measured at 2, 6 and 24h of exposure, except for growth and pigment content, which were determined after 6 and 24h only. Effective concentrations causing 50% of response (EC50s) and lowest observable effect concentrations (LOECs) were determined for all endpoints and exposure durations where possible. The assay provided a detailed picture of the concentration- and time-dependent development of effects elicited by the analyzed herbicides, thus improving the understanding of the underlying toxic mechanisms. Furthermore, the response patterns were unique to the respective herbicide and reflected the different mechanisms of toxicity. The comparison of the endpoint responses and sensitivities revealed that several physiological and biochemical parameters reacted earlier or stronger to disturbances than growth. Overall, the presented multiple-endpoint assay constitutes a promising basis for investigating stressor and toxicant effects in green algae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holger Nestler
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Ueberlandstrasse 133, 8600 Duebendorf, Switzerland
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Zhang W, Zhang M, Lin K, Sun W, Xiong B, Guo M, Cui X, Fu R. Eco-toxicological effect of carbamazepine on Scenedesmus obliquus and Chlorella pyrenoidosa. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2012; 33:344-52. [PMID: 22301166 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2011.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2011] [Revised: 12/21/2011] [Accepted: 12/22/2011] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The acute and chronic toxicological effects of carbamazepine (CBZ) on Scenedesmus obliquus and Chlorella pyrenoidosa were explored for the first time in this study. The results showed that CBZ could significantly inhibit the growth of the two algae in almost all treatment groups. EC(50) values indicated that, CBZ had a relatively limited acute toxic effect (0-144 h) on S. obliquus and C. pyrenoidosa, while, chronic tests (5-30 d) displayed higher toxicity. Chlorophyll a syntheses were nearly all inhibited by CBZ exposure. However, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities in acute tests of both algae were markedly promoted. According to the results, Chlorophyll a content and CAT activity of S. obliquus were more sensitive to CBZ than that of C. pyrenoidosa. While for SOD, quite to the contrary, C. pyrenoidosa was more vulnerable. We obtained a similar result in chronic tests. This research furthers our understanding of CBZ toxicity to aquatic organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- School of Resource and Environmental Engineering/Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China.
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San Miguel A, Faure M, Ravanel P, Raveton M. Biological responses of maize (Zea mays) plants exposed to chlorobenzenes. Case study of monochloro-, 1,4-dichloro- and 1,2,4-trichloro-benzenes. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2012; 21:315-24. [PMID: 21947666 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-011-0792-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/12/2011] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
A 7-day-exposure time experiment was designed to investigate the phytotoxicity of chlorobenzenes (CBs) on Zea mays seedlings, focusing on the growth and generation of oxidative stress. Significant growth inhibition (based on biomass gain) was observed for exposure to monochlorobenzene (MCB), dichlorobenzene (DCB) and trichlorobenzene (TCB) concentrations higher than 10 mg l(-1). It would seem that CBs inhibit cell division, since the mitotic index decreased for roots exposed to DCB at 80 mg l(-1) dose (8%) and to all the TCB concentrations tested (20% inhibition). CBs exposure resulting in an increase in the oxidative stress response in maize seedlings [reactive oxygen species like H(2)O(2), antioxidant enzymes (POD, GR), lipid peroxidation] correlated to the compound's degree of chlorination, where damage increasing with the number of chlorine atoms (MCB < DCB < TCB). This biological response was also dependent on the dose-exposure. Z. mays exposed to CBs at concentrations <10 mg l(-1) did not induce sufficient oxidative damage to cause root cell death. Therefore, CBs at current environmental concentrations are unlikely to produce evident phytotoxic effects on Z. mays seedlings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angélique San Miguel
- Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine, UMR CNRS no. 5553, Université Joseph Fourier, Grenoble, France
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Bauer DE, Conforti V, Ruiz L, Gómez N. An in situ test to explore the responses of Scenedesmus acutus and Lepocinclis acus as indicators of the changes in water quality in lowland streams. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2012; 77:71-78. [PMID: 22088329 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2011.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2011] [Revised: 10/13/2011] [Accepted: 10/23/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
This bioassay was designed with the aim of exploring the responses of two wild planktonic microalgae exposed in situ (72 h) as indicators of the changes in water quality. Monocultures of both strains within dialysis membrane bags were placed at two sites in a small lowland stream. Site 1 is located at a suburban area with low horticultural activity and Site 2 is impacted by toxic industrial discharges and urban land use. There was a decrease in population growth of both species at Site 2 compared with Site 1. The comparison of the algae exposed in situ with the normal specimens cultured at the laboratory indicated a significant increase in the cellular volume for both species at both sites. Abnormal shape was recorded at both sites, the percentage being significantly greater for Scenedesmus acutus at Site 2. Significant changes in pyrenoids size were observed in S. acutus and in the percentage of fragmented nuclei in Lepocinclis acus. Also in the latter abnormal paramylon grains were observed. These responses were accentuated at Site 2. This bioassay was sensitive, short term, low cost, and therefore is a suitable tool to contribute with the monitoring and ecological risk assessment of lowland streams.
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Affiliation(s)
- D E Bauer
- Instituto de Limnología Dr. R. A. Ringuelet (CONICET-UNLP). Av. Calchaquí km 23.5 (1888) Florencio Varela, Pcia. de Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Gigova L, Ivanova N, Gacheva G, Andreeva R, Furnadzhieva S. RESPONSE OF TRACHYDISCUS MINUTUS (XANTHOPHYCEAE) TO TEMPERATURE AND LIGHT(1). JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY 2012; 48:85-93. [PMID: 27009653 DOI: 10.1111/j.1529-8817.2011.01088.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The effects of different temperatures and light intensities on growth, pigments, sugars, lipids, and proteins, as well as on some antioxidant and proteolytic enzymes of Trachydiscus minutus (Bourr.) H. Ettl, were investigated. The optimum growth temperature and light intensity were 25°C and 2 × 132 μmol photons · m(-2 ) · s(-1) , respectively. Under these conditions, proteins were the main biomass components (33.45% dry weight [dwt]), with high levels of carbohydrates (29% dwt) and lipids (21.77% dwt). T. minutus tolerated temperatures between 20°C and 32°C, with only moderate changes in cell growth and biochemical composition. Extremely low (15°C) and high (40°C) temperatures decreased chl and RUBISCO contents and inhibited cell growth. The biochemical response of the alga to both unfavorable conditions was an increase in lipid content (up to 35.19% dwt) and a decrease in carbohydrates (down to 13.64% dwt) with much less of a change in total protein content (in the range of 30.51%-38.13% dwt). At the same time, the defense system of T. minutus was regulated differently in response to heat or cold treatments. Generally, at 40°C, the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and proteases were drastically elevated, and three polypeptides were overexpressed, whereas the glutathione reductase (GR) and peroxidase (POD) activities were reduced. In contrast, at 15°C, all these enzymes except GR were suppressed. The effect of light was to enhance or decrease the temperature stress responses, depending on intensity. Our studies demonstrate the broad temperature adaptability of T. minutus as well as the potential for the production of valuable algal biomass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liliana Gigova
- Institute of Plant Physiology and Genetics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Natalia Ivanova
- Institute of Plant Physiology and Genetics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Gergana Gacheva
- Institute of Plant Physiology and Genetics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Raina Andreeva
- Institute of Plant Physiology and Genetics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Sevdalina Furnadzhieva
- Institute of Plant Physiology and Genetics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
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Qian H, Lu T, Peng X, Han X, Fu Z, Liu W. Enantioselective phytotoxicity of the herbicide imazethapyr on the response of the antioxidant system and starch metabolism in Arabidopsis thaliana. PLoS One 2011; 6:e19451. [PMID: 21573119 PMCID: PMC3089624 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0019451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2011] [Accepted: 03/29/2011] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The enantiomers of a chiral compound possess different biological activities, and one of the enantiomers usually shows a higher level of toxicity. Therefore, the exploration of the causative mechanism of enantioselective toxicity is regarded as one of primary goals of biological chemistry. Imazethapyr (IM) is an acetolactate synthase (ALS)-inhibiting chiral herbicide that has been widely used in recent years with racemate. We investigated the enantioselectivity between R- and S-IM to form reactive oxygen species (ROS) and to regulate antioxidant gene transcription and enzyme activity. RESULTS Dramatic differences between the enantiomers were observed: the enantiomer of R-IM powerfully induced ROS formation, yet drastically reduced antioxidant gene transcription and enzyme activity, which led to an oxidative stress. The mechanism by which IM affects carbohydrate metabolism in chloroplasts has long remained a mystery. Here we report evidence that enantioselectivity also exists in starch metabolism. The enantiomer of R-IM resulted in the accumulation of glucose, maltose and sucrose in the cytoplasm or the chloroplast and disturbed carbohydrates utilization. CONCLUSION The study suggests that R-IM more strongly retarded plant growth than S-IM not only by acting on ALS, but also by causing an imbalance in the antioxidant system and the disturbance of carbohydrate metabolism with enantioselective manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- HaiFeng Qian
- College of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University
of Technology, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Lu
- College of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University
of Technology, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - XiaoFeng Peng
- College of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University
of Technology, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Han
- College of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University
of Technology, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - ZhengWei Fu
- College of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University
of Technology, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - WeiPing Liu
- College of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University
of Technology, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
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40
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Perreault F, Matias MS, Melegari SP, Pinto CRSDC, Creppy EE, Popovic R, Matias WG. Investigation of animal and algal bioassays for reliable saxitoxin ecotoxicity and cytotoxicity risk evaluation. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2011; 74:1021-1026. [PMID: 21339005 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2011.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2010] [Revised: 01/20/2011] [Accepted: 01/26/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Contamination of water bodies by saxitoxin can result in various toxic effects in aquatic organisms. Saxitoxin contamination has also been shown to be a threat to human health in several reported cases, even resulting in death. In this study, we evaluated the sensitivity of animal (Neuro-2A) and algal (Chlamydomonas reinhardtii) bioassays to saxitoxin effect. Neuro-2A cells were found to be sensitive to saxitoxin, as shown by a 24 h EC50 value of 1.5 nM, which was obtained using a cell viability assay. Conversely, no saxitoxin effect was found in any of the algal biomarkers evaluated, for the concentration range tested (2-128 nM). These results indicate that saxitoxin may induce toxic effects in animal and human populations at concentrations where phytoplankton communities are not affected. Therefore, when evaluating STX risk of toxicity, algal bioassays do not appear to be reliable indicators and should always be conducted in combination with animal bioassays.
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Affiliation(s)
- François Perreault
- Department of Chemistry, University of Quebec in Montreal, C.P. 8888, Succ. Centre-Ville, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3C 3P8
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Bonnineau C, Bonet B, Corcoll N, Guasch H. Catalase in fluvial biofilms: a comparison between different extraction methods and example of application in a metal-polluted river. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2011; 20:293-303. [PMID: 21080224 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-010-0564-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/29/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Antioxidant enzymes are involved in important processes of cell detoxification during oxidative stress and have, therefore, been used as biomarkers in algae. Nevertheless, their limited use in fluvial biofilms may be due to the complexity of such communities. Here, a comparison between different extraction methods was performed to obtain a reliable method for catalase extraction from fluvial biofilms. Homogenization followed by glass bead disruption appeared to be the best compromise for catalase extraction. This method was then applied to a field study in a metal-polluted stream (Riou Mort, France). The most polluted sites were characterized by a catalase activity 4-6 times lower than in the low-polluted site. Results of the comparison process and its application are promising for the use of catalase activity as an early warning biomarker of toxicity using biofilms in the laboratory and in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloé Bonnineau
- Faculty of Sciences, Institute of Aquatic Ecology, University of Girona, Campus Montilivi, 17071, Girona, Spain.
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42
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Khellaf N, Zerdaoui M. Growth response of the duckweed Lemna gibba L. to copper and nickel phytoaccumulation. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2010; 19:1363-8. [PMID: 20680456 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-010-0522-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/14/2010] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
To assess the tolerance and phytoaccumulation ability of the duckweed Lemna gibba L. to copper (Cu) and nickel (Ni), the plants were exposed to different concentrations of Cu and Ni (0.1-2.0 mg/l) under laboratory conditions. The results showed that Cu and Ni were tolerated by L. gibba at concentrations ≤0.3 and ≤0.5 mg/l, respectively. However, plant growth decreased by 50% (I(50)) when the medium contained 0.45 mg Cu/l or 0.75 mg Ni/l. The observed LCI (lowest concentration causing complete inhibition) were 0.5 and 1.0 mg/l respectively in the presence of Cu and Ni. Results from metal analysis in plant biomass revealed a high accumulation of Cu (1.5 mg g(-1) DW), a low accumulation of Ni (0.5 mg g(-1) DW) within the plants and a corresponding decrease of metals in the water. The removal percentage of Cu was about 60-80%. We conclude that the duckweed L. gibba L. showed a higher accumulation potential for Cu from polluted water than Ni after 4 days of exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabila Khellaf
- Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Badji Mokhtar University, PO Box 12, 23000 Annaba, Algeria.
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43
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Atli G, Canli M. Response of antioxidant system of freshwater fish Oreochromis niloticus to acute and chronic metal (Cd, Cu, Cr, Zn, Fe) exposures. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2010; 73:1884-1889. [PMID: 20870289 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2010.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2010] [Revised: 09/06/2010] [Accepted: 09/12/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Antioxidant systems are known to be sensitive to metal exposures and are suggested to use in predicting sublethal metal toxicity. In this study, several antioxidant enzymes, such as catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione S-transferase (GST), glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and glutathione reductase (GR) were measured in the liver and kidney of Oreochromis niloticus exposed to sublethal concentrations of metals (Cd, Cu, Cr, Zn and Fe), using an acute (20 μM, 48 h) or subchronic (10 μM, 20 d) protocol. Beside the several increases of antioxidant enzyme activities, general inhibition was recorded after acute and chronic metal exposures. Results indicated that there were variations in responses of the enzymes to metal exposures, depending upon tissues, metals and exposure types. This study emphasized that the antioxidant enzymes are very sensitive to metals as their activities altered significantly, suggesting they could be helpful in predicting sublethal metal toxicity and useful as an early warning tool in natural monitoring studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gülüzar Atli
- Hakkari University, Faculty of Education, Department of Science and Technology Education, Hakkari, Turkey.
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Galhano V, Peixoto F, Gomes-Laranjo J. Bentazon triggers the promotion of oxidative damage in the Portuguese ricefield cyanobacterium Anabaena cylindrica: response of the antioxidant system. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2010; 25:517-526. [PMID: 20549627 DOI: 10.1002/tox.20597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Rice fields are frequently exposed to environmental contamination by herbicides and cyanobacteria, as primary producers of these aquatic ecosystems, are adversely affected. Anabaena cylindrica is a cyanobacterium with a significantly widespread occurrence in Portuguese rice fields. This strain was studied throughout 72 h in laboratory conditions for its stress responses to sublethal concentrations (0.75-2 mM) of bentazon, a selective postemergence herbicide recommended for integrated weed management in rice, with special reference to oxidative stress, role of proline and intracellular antioxidant enzymes in herbicide-induced free radicals detoxification. Activities of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), and glutathione S-transferase (GST) increased in a time- and herbicide dose-response manner and were higher than those in the control samples after 72 h. A time- and concentration-dependent increase of malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and the enhanced cell membrane leakage following bentazon exposure are indicative of lipid peroxidation, free radicals formation, and oxidative damage, while increased amounts of SOD, CAT, APX, GST, and proline indicated their involvement in free radical scavenging mechanisms. The appreciable decline in the reduced glutathione (GSH) pool after 72 h at higher bentazon concentrations could be explained by the reduction of the NADPH-dependent glutathione reductase (GR) activity. The obtained results suggested that the alterations of antioxidant systems in A. cylindrica might be useful biomarkers of bentazon exposure. As the toxic mechanism of bentazon is a complex phenomenon, this study also adds relevant findings to explain the oxidative stress pathways of bentazon promoting oxidative stress in cyanobacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Galhano
- Department of Biology and Environment/Centre for Research and Technology of Agro-Environment and Biological Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Apartado 1013 - 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal.
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45
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Beker Akbulut G, Yigit E. The changes in some biochemical parameters in Zea mays cv. "Martha F1" treated with atrazine. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2010; 73:1429-1432. [PMID: 20573401 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2010.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2010] [Revised: 05/28/2010] [Accepted: 05/30/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
In this study, Zea mays cv. "Martha F1" plant was treated with post-emergence atrazine in a concentration range of 27-226mM. The effects of post-emergence atrazine treatments upon peroxidase, ascorbate peroxidase, and lipid peroxidation were investigated on the 1st, 5th, 10th, and 15th days following the treatment. In the treatment groups, peroxidase activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) content decreased after the 10th day, while ascorbate peroxidase activity was observed to decrease on the 15th day.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gulcin Beker Akbulut
- Department of Science and Art Faculty, Biology Department, Inonu University, 44280 Malatya, Turkey.
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46
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Bonnineau C, Guasch H, Proia L, Ricart M, Geiszinger A, Romaní AM, Sabater S. Fluvial biofilms: A pertinent tool to assess beta-blockers toxicity. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2010; 96:225-233. [PMID: 19945176 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2009.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2009] [Revised: 10/27/2009] [Accepted: 10/29/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Among increasingly used pharmaceutical products, beta-blockers have been commonly reported at low concentrations in rivers and littoral waters of Europe and North America. Little is known about the toxicity of these chemicals in freshwater ecosystems while their presence may lead to chronic pollution. Hence, in this study the acute toxicity of 3 beta-blockers: metoprolol, propranolol and atenolol on fluvial biofilms was assessed by using several biomarkers. Some were indicative of potential alterations in biofilm algae (photosynthetic efficiency), and others in biofilm bacteria (peptidase activity, bacterial mortality). Propranolol was the most toxic beta-blocker, mostly affecting the algal photosynthetic process. The exposure to 531microg/L of propranolol caused 85% of inhibition of photosynthesis after 24h. Metoprolol was particularly toxic for bacteria. Though estimated No-Effect Concentrations (NEC) were similar to environmental concentrations, higher concentrations of the toxic (503microg/L metoprolol) caused an increase of 50% in bacterial mortality. Atenolol was the least toxic of the three tested beta-blockers. Effects superior to 50% were only observed at very high concentration (707mg/L). Higher toxicity of metoprolol and propranolol might be due to better absorption within biofilms of these two chemicals. Since beta-blockers are mainly found in mixtures in rivers, their differential toxicity could have potential relevant consequences on the interactions between algae and bacteria within river biofilms.
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47
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Wei C, Zhang Y, Guo J, Han B, Yang X, Yuan J. Effects of silica nanoparticles on growth and photosynthetic pigment contents of Scenedesmus obliquus. J Environ Sci (China) 2010; 22:155-160. [PMID: 20397400 DOI: 10.1016/s1001-0742(09)60087-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
To assess the aquatic ecosystem safety for silica (SiO2) nanoparticles (NPs), the growth inhibition and photosynthetic pigment contents of Scenedesmus obliquus in logarithm growth phase exposed to SiO2 NPs and SiO2 bulk particles (BPs) suspensions were measured. SiO2 NPs with 10-20 nm diameters were found to be toxic. The 20% effective concentration (EC20) values for 72 and 96 hr were 388.1 and 216.5 mg/L, respectively. The contents of chlorophyll decreased significantly under moderate and high concentration (50, 100, and 200 mg/L) of SiO2 NPs after 96-hr exposure, but the carotenoids did not. SiO2 BPs were found to be nontoxic up to 200 mg/L. The toxicity of SiO2 NPs probablely due to their sorption to algal cells surface. The results imply that there is potential harm to aquatic environment by using SiO2 NPs, and it should deserve special concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxi Wei
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, College of Life Sciences, Huazhong Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China.
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48
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Silkina A, Bazes A, Vouvé F, Le Tilly V, Douzenel P, Mouget JL, Bourgougnon N. Antifouling activity of macroalgal extracts on Fragilaria pinnata (Bacillariophyceae): a comparison with Diuron. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2009; 94:245-54. [PMID: 19726092 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2009.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2008] [Revised: 07/06/2009] [Accepted: 07/07/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The tributyltin-based products and organic biocides which are incorporated into antifouling paints have had a negative impact on the marine environment, and the ban on tributyltin-based antifouling products has urged the industry to find substitutes to prevent the development of fouling on ship hulls. Natural antifouling agents could be isolated from marine resources, providing an alternative option for the industry. The effects of different marine seaweed extracts from Sargassum muticum and Ceramium botryocarpum on the growth, pigment content and photosynthetic apparatus of the marine diatom Fragilaria pinnata were compared with those of Diuron, a biocide widely used in antifouling paints. The addition of the macroalgal extracts in the culture medium resulted in an inhibition of the growth of F. pinnata, but this inhibition was lower than that obtained with Diuron. After transfer to a biocide-free medium, F. pinnata cells previously exposed to the macroalgal extracts exhibited normal growth, in contrast to Diuron-treated cells, which died, demonstrating that the effects of the natural antifouling agents were reversible. Macroalgal extracts and Diuron-induced modifications in F. pinnata cellular pigment content. Chlorophyll a, fucoxanthin, and the xanthophyll pool, diadinoxanthin and diatoxanthin, were the most affected. Changes in the structure and function of the photosynthetic apparatus were studied by microspectrofluorimetry, and provided a comprehensive evaluation of the inhibition of the diatom Photosystem II (PSII) by the biocides. This study confirms that natural extracts from the macroalgae studied have the potential to be used as a substitute to commercial biocides in antifouling paints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alla Silkina
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologie et Chimie Marines (LBCM), Université de Bretagne-Sud (UBS), Université Européenne de Bretagne (UEB), Centre de Recherche Saint Maudé, 56321 Lorient Cedex, France
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Aliferis KA, Materzok S, Paziotou GN, Chrysayi-Tokousbalides M. Lemna minor L. as a model organism for ecotoxicological studies performing 1H NMR fingerprinting. CHEMOSPHERE 2009; 76:967-73. [PMID: 19443011 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2009.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2008] [Revised: 04/07/2009] [Accepted: 04/10/2009] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
A validated method applying (1)H NMR fingerprinting for the study of metabolic changes caused in Lemna minor L. by various phytotoxic substances is presented. (1)H NMR spectra of crude extracts from untreated and treated colonies with the herbicides glyphosate, mesotrione, norflurazon, paraquat and the phytotoxin pyrenophorol were subjected to multivariate analyses for detecting differences between groups of treatments. Partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) were carried out in order to discriminate and classify treatments according to the observed changes in the metabolome of the plant. Although the compounds at the concentrations used did not cause macroscopically observable symptoms of phytotoxicity, characteristic metabolic changes were detectable by analyzing (1)H NMR spectra. Analyses results revealed that metabonomics applying (1)H NMR fingerprinting is a potential method for the investigation of toxicological effects of xenobiotics on L. minor, and possibly on other duckweed species, helping in the understanding of such interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos A Aliferis
- McGill University, Department of Plant Sciences, 21111 Lakeshore Road, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec, Canada H9X 3V9.
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50
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Yi D, Yijun Z, Xue B, Zhihui F, Kai C. Phytotoxic effects of cyanobacteria extract on Lemna minor and Myriophyllum spicatum phyto-tolerance and superoxide dismutase activity. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2009; 24:304-308. [PMID: 18623078 DOI: 10.1002/tox.20413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The research on the effects of microcystins on aquatic plants has increased. Some aquatic plants have some tolerance to microcystins but the mechanism of the tolerance is still unknown. In this experiment, we used microcystins of different concentrations to study the toxic effect in Lemna minor and Myriophyllum spicatum. Experiments were carried out with a range of microcysitns levels (equivalent to 0, 0.1, 0.5, 1.0, and 4.3 mg/L). The growth of L. minor (as fresh weight) and chlorophyll a content were significantly reduced and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was significantly decreased at microcystins concentration up to 0.5 mg/L. The growth of M. spicatum was affected, only weakly, by microcystins and 0.5 mg/L and these treatments caused significant decrease in chlorophyll a content. Besides, the SOD activity of M. spicatum positively correlated to microcystins concentration (P < 0.01). The result indicated that M. spicatum was more tolerant to microcystins than L. minor and the induced SOD activity may contribute to the tolerance. The experiment also indicated that catalase (CAT) activity was not significantly influenced by microcystin for both the two tested aquatic plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ding Yi
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Urban Environmental Ecology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
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