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Zhai Z, Zhang C, Chu L, Zhao Y, Zhou X, Zhang Y. Effective defluorination of novel hexafluoropropylene oxide oligomer acids under mild conditions by UV/sulfite/iodide: mechanisms and ecotoxicity. WATER RESEARCH 2024; 258:121804. [PMID: 38781621 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.121804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
It has recently been discovered that HFPO-TA (a processing aid in the production of fluoropolymers) has high levels of bioaccumulation and biotoxicity. Hydrated electrons (eaq-) have been proposed to be potent nucleophiles that may decompose PFAS. Unlike previous studies in which the generation of eaq- was often restricted to anaerobic or highly alkaline environments, in this study, we applied the UV/SO32-/I- process under mild conditions of neutrality, low source chemical demand, and open-air, which achieved effective degradation (81.92 %, 0.834 h-1) and defluorination (48.99 %, 0.312 h-1) of HFPO-TA. With I- as the primary source of eaq-, SO32- acting as an I- regenerator and oxidizing substances scavenger, UV/SO32-/I- outperformed others under mild circumstances. The eaq- were identified as the main active species by quenching experiments and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR). During degradation, the first site attacked by eaq- was the ether bond (C6-O7), followed by the generation of HFPO-DA, TFA, acetic and formic acid. Degradation studies of other HFPOs have shown that the defluorination of HFPOs was accompanied by a clear chain-length correlation. At last, toxicological experiments confirmed the safety of the process. This study updated our understanding of the degradation of newly PFASs and the application of eaq- mediated photoreductive approaches under mild conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyu Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Chaojie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, PR China.
| | - Liquan Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Yunmeng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Xuefei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Yalei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, PR China.
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Wang J, Wang Z, Tang Y, Zhao Y, Fang H, Zhang Y, Hou X, Tan H, Yu S, Zhang H, Fan H, Yang T, Zhang S. PFOS Exposure Promotes Hepatotoxicity in Quails by Exacerbating Oxidative Stress and Inflammation-Induced Apoptosis through Activating TLR4/MyD88/NF-κb Signaling. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:25370-25380. [PMID: 38882150 PMCID: PMC11170738 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.4c03767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
PFOS is a ubiquitous pollutant garnering considerable attention due to its deleterious effects on both human and animal health. Given the poultry industry's intimate link with human health, investigating PFOS's impact on quails is crucial. PFOS readily accumulates in the liver, causing hepatotoxicity, yet its molecular mechanisms remain elusive. In our study, we fed quail diets contaminated with varying PFOS concentrations (12.5, 25, and 50 mg/kg) and observed dose-dependent liver damage in quails. The results show that PFOS damages mitochondrial structure, increases ROS levels, and downregulates antioxidants to promote oxidative stress damage in hepatocytes. PFOS also upregulated pro-inflammatory molecules (TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6) while downregulating the anti-inflammatory factor IL-10, activating the TLR4//MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway, thereby potentiating liver inflammation. Then, oxidative stress and inflammation by PFOS induce apoptosis in quail hepatocytes through the mitochondrial pathway, with severity closely related to hepatotoxicity. In conclusion, PFOS induces mitochondrial apoptosis by exacerbating oxidative stress and inflammation by activating the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway, ultimately leading to hepatotoxicity in quails.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiucheng Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, China
| | - Zanyu Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Agricultural Products and Veterinary Medicine Feed Technology Appraisal Station, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150008, China
| | - Yulin Tang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, China
| | - Yuan Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, China
| | - Hao Fang
- College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, Sichuan 400044, China
| | - Yuntong Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, China
| | - Xiaoyu Hou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, China
| | - Haoyang Tan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, China
| | - Shiming Yu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, China
| | - Haiyang Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China
| | - Honggang Fan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, China
| | - Tianyuan Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, China
| | - Shuai Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, China
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Yang YD, Lu N, Tian R. The interaction of perfluorooctane sulfonate with hemoproteins and its relevance to molecular toxicology. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 254:128069. [PMID: 37967600 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), a representative of perfluorinated compounds in industrial and commercial products, has posed a great threat to animals and humans via environmental exposure and dietary consumption. Herein, we investigated the effects of PFOS binding on the redox state and stability of two hemoproteins (hemoglobin (Hb) and myoglobin (Mb)). Fluorescence spectroscopy, circular dichroism and UV-vis absorption spectroscopy demonstrated that PFOS could induce the conformational changes of proteins along with the exposure of heme cavity and generation of hemichrome, which resulted in the increased release of free hemin. After that, free hemin liberated from hemoproteins led to reactive oxygen species formation, lipid peroxidation, cell membrane damage and loss of cell viability in vascular endothelial cells, while neither Hb nor Mb did show cytotoxicity. Chemical inhibitors of ferroptosis effectively mitigated hemin-caused toxicity, identifying the hemin-dependent ferroptotic cell death mechanisms. These data demonstrated that PFOS posed a potential threat of toxicity through a mechanism which involved its binding to hemoproteins, decreased oxygen transporting capacity, and increased hemin release. Altogether, our findings elucidate the binding mechanisms of PFOS with two hemoproteins, as well as possible risks on vascular endothelial cells, which would have important implications for the human and environmental toxicity of PFOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Di Yang
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, China
| | - Naihao Lu
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, China
| | - Rong Tian
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, China.
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Luo D, Chen S, Wang X, Wang Y, Khoso PA, Xu S, Li S. Unraveling the mechanism of quercetin alleviating perfluorooctane sulfonate-induced apoptosis in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus) hepatocytes: AMPK/mTOR-mediated mitophagy. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2023; 265:106769. [PMID: 37980849 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2023.106769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to persistent new organic pollutants in the environment often leads to high mortality and causes serious economic losses to the aquaculture industry. Currently, perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) is persistent and bio-accumulative in the environment, causing potential risks to aquatic ecosystems, but its toxicity mechanism to aquatic organisms is still unclear. As a natural flavonoid compound, quercetin (QU) has many biological activities such as anti-oxidation, anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptosis and immune regulation. Whether it can be used as a candidate medicine to alleviate PFOS toxicity needs to be further explored. Therefore, in this study, we treated (Ctenopharyngodon idellus) grass carp hepatocytes (L8824) with PFOS (200 μM) and/or QU (60 μM) for 24 h. The results showed that PFOS significantly increased the release of LDH and active oxygen (ROS) in L8824 cells, and led to the decrease of mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) and ATP content, the increase of mitochondrial ROS, the disorder of mitochondrial dynamics, and the initiation of Bcl-2/Bax-mediated apoptosis. Surprisingly, QU can alleviate the above PFOS-induced grass carp hepatocyte toxicity. In addition, in order to further explore the protective mechanism of QU, we used the molecular docking to predict the binding site between QU and AMPK, and found that there was a high binding capacity between QU and AMPK. In addition, we used Compound C (CC) and 3-Methyladenine (3-MA) to intervene. The results showed that CC and 3-MA intervention aggravated mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis factor expression in the QU+PFOS group. These data indicate that PFOS induces oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and apoptosis. The regulation of AMPK/mTOR mediated mitophagy by QU may be a new therapeutic strategy to alleviate the hepatotoxicity of PFOS grass carp. This study provides theoretical basis and reference for exploring the toxic mechanism and biological toxic effects of PFOS, and provides a scheme for improving the economic benefits of aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongliu Luo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Shasha Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Xixi Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Yixuan Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Pervez Ahmed Khoso
- Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Sakrand, Pakistan
| | - Shiwen Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Shu Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.
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Yang YD, Li JX, Lu N, Tian R. Serum albumin mitigated perfluorooctane sulfonate-induced cytotoxicity by affecting the cellular responses. Biophys Chem 2023; 302:107110. [PMID: 37741269 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpc.2023.107110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2023]
Abstract
During the wide applications of perfluorinated materials such as perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) in commercial and industrial products, the potential toxicity of these engineered compounds has attracted more and more attention. As a typical environmental pollutant, PFOS could preferentially bind to albumin protein in vivo. However, the role of protein-PFOS interactions in the cytotoxicity of PFOS was not stressed enough. Herein, we investigated the interactions of PFOS with human serum albumin (HSA, the most abundant protein in human plasma) using both experimental and theoretical approaches. It was demonstrated that PFOS could mainly bind to the Sudlow site I of HSA to generate HSA-PFOS complex through hydrogen bonds and van der Waals forces. Toxicity assays with endothelial cells illustrated that the binding of HSA could significantly attenuate the intracellular uptake and subcellular distribution of PFOS, thereby inhibiting the formation of reactive oxygen species and toxicity for those HSA-bound PFOS. Similarly, the presence of fetal bovine serum in the cell culture media greatly reduced PFOS-caused cytotoxicity. Conclusively, our study reveals that the binding of albumin protein to PFOS could mitigate its toxicity by the modulation of cellular responses. The formation of protein-complexed contaminants would significantly reduce the bioavailability of these chemicals and subsequently mitigate their environmental toxicology to the human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Di Yang
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China
| | - Jia-Xin Li
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China
| | - Naihao Lu
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China
| | - Rong Tian
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China.
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Du Y, Xu T, Luo D, Wang Y, Yin H, Liu C, Li S. Perfluorooctane sulfonate-induced apoptosis in kidney cells by triggering the NOX4/ROS/JNK axis and antagonism of cannabidiol. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2023; 38:1651-1664. [PMID: 36988283 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) is one of the persistent organic pollutants (POPs), which can cause severe nephrotoxicity in mammals. Cannabinol (CBD), a nonpsychoactive cannabinoid obtained from the cannabis plant, has attracted attention in recent years for its excellent antioxidant properties. NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4) has an important effect in supporting normal renal physiological function. The potential mechanisms of PFOS nephrotoxicity and whether CBD can prevent renal damage caused by PFOS remain unclear. This work aimed to study the mechanisms of PFOS-induced kidney damage and the protective role of CBD against PFOS-induced kidney damage. We demonstrated that PFOS led to renal insufficiency and structural damage in mice, induced overexpression of NOX4 and the onset of oxidative stress, and activated apoptosis of the mitochondrial pathway via the JNK signaling pathway. However, treatment with CBD reversed these changes. For further investigation of the potential mechanism of PFOS-induced renal cell apoptosis, the expression of NOX4 was inhibited in vitro experiments using Apocynin, an effective NOX4 inhibitor. The outcomes showed that PFOS-induced ROS production and JNK signaling pathway activation and apoptosis in human embryonic kidney (HEK293) cells were significantly reduced after inhibition of NOX4. This suggests that PFOS-induced NOX4 overexpression serves as an upstream event for JNK pathway activation. In conclusion, the findings suggest that PFOS induces apoptosis in renal cells via the NOX4/ROS/JNK pathway. Meanwhile, CBD alleviated PFOS-induced renal apoptosis through the inhibition of NOX4/ROS/JNK axis activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongzhen Du
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 150030, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Tong Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 150030, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongliu Luo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 150030, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Yixuan Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 150030, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Hang Yin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 150030, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengguo Liu
- Instrumental Analysis Center, Northeast Agricultural University, 150030, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Shu Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 150030, Harbin, People's Republic of China
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Wang T, Zhao X, Liu T, Zhang J, Qiu J, Li M, Weng R. Transcriptional investigation of the toxic mechanisms of perfluorooctane sulfonate in rats based on an RNA-Seq approach. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 329:138629. [PMID: 37030344 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) was widely used in industrial applications before it was listed as a persistent organic pollutant by the Conference of the Parties in the Stockholm Convention in 2009. Although the potential toxicity of PFOS has been studied, its toxic mechanisms remain largely undefined. Here, we investigated novel hub genes and pathways affected by PFOS to gain new conceptions of the toxic mechanisms of PFOS. Reduced body weight gain and abnormal ultra-structures in the liver and kidney tissues were spotted in PFOS-exposed rats, indicating successful establishment of the PFOS-exposed rat model. The transcriptomic alterations of blood samples upon PFOS exposure were analysed using RNA-Seq. GO analysis indicates that the differentially expressed gene-enriched GO terms are related to metabolism, cellular processes, and biological regulation. Kyoto encyclopaedia of gene and genomes (KEGG) and gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) were conducted to identify six key pathways: spliceosome, B cell receptor signalling pathway, acute myeloid leukaemia, protein processing in the endoplasmic reticulum, NF-kappa B signalling pathway, and Fc gamma R-mediated phagocytosis. The top 10 hub genes were screened from a protein-protein interaction network and verified via quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. The overall pathway network and hub genes may provide new insights into the toxic mechanisms of PFOS exposure states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianrun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Agro-food Safety and Quality of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China; College of Chemistry and Material Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, Hebei, China
| | - Xuying Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Quality and Risk Assessment for Tobacco and Aromatic Plant Products (Qingdao) of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, Shandong, China
| | - Tianze Liu
- Key Laboratory of Quality and Risk Assessment for Tobacco and Aromatic Plant Products (Qingdao) of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, Shandong, China
| | - Jiguang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Quality and Risk Assessment for Tobacco and Aromatic Plant Products (Qingdao) of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, Shandong, China
| | - Jing Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Agro-food Safety and Quality of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Mei Li
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, Hebei, China
| | - Rui Weng
- Key Laboratory of Agro-food Safety and Quality of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China.
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Wang Z, Zang L, Ren W, Guo H, Sheng N, Zhou X, Guo Y, Dai J. Bile acid metabolism disorder mediates hepatotoxicity of Nafion by-product 2 and perfluorooctane sulfonate in male PPARα-KO mice. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 876:162579. [PMID: 36870486 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and Nafion by-product 2 (H-PFMO2OSA) induce hepatotoxicity in male mice via activation of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) pathway; however, accumulating evidence suggests that PPARα-independent pathways also play a vital role in hepatotoxicity after exposure to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs). Thus, to assess the hepatotoxicity of PFOS and H-PFMO2OSA more comprehensively, adult male wild-type (WT) and PPARα knockout (PPARα-KO) mice were exposed to PFOS and H-PFMO2OSA (1 or 5 mg/kg/d) for 28 d via oral gavage. Results showed that although elevations in alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were alleviated in PPARα-KO mice, liver injury, including liver enlargement and necrosis, was still observed after PFOS and H-PFMO2OSA exposure. Liver transcriptome analysis identified fewer differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the PPARα-KO mice than in the WT mice, but more DEGs associated with the bile acid secretion pathway after PFOS and H-PFMO2OSA treatment. Total bile acid content in the liver was increased in the 1 and 5 mg/kg/d PFOS-exposed and 5 mg/kg/d H-PFMO2OSA-exposed PPARα-KO mice. Furthermore, in PPARα-KO mice, proteins showing changes in transcription and translation levels after PFOS and H-PFMO2OSA exposure were involved in the synthesis, transportation, reabsorption, and excretion of bile acids. Thus, exposure to PFOS and H-PFMO2OSA in male PPARα-KO mice may disturb bile acid metabolism, which is not under the control of PPARα.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiru Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Health Impact Assessment of Emerging Contaminants, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Minhang District, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Lu Zang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Health Impact Assessment of Emerging Contaminants, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Minhang District, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Wanlan Ren
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Health Impact Assessment of Emerging Contaminants, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Minhang District, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Hua Guo
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Health Impact Assessment of Emerging Contaminants, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Minhang District, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Nan Sheng
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Health Impact Assessment of Emerging Contaminants, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Minhang District, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xuming Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yong Guo
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jiayin Dai
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Health Impact Assessment of Emerging Contaminants, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Minhang District, Shanghai 200240, China.
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Zhang X, Du J, Huo S, Li B, Zhang J, Song M, Shao B, Li Y. Hexafluoropropylene oxide trimer acid causes fibrosis in mice liver via mitochondrial ROS/cGAS-STING/NLRP3-mediated pyroptosis. Food Chem Toxicol 2023; 174:113706. [PMID: 36871880 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2023.113706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Abstract
Hexafluoropropylene oxide trimer acid (HFPO-TA) causes hepatotoxicity, however, its underlying mechanisms have not been conclusively determined. We investigated the effects of HFPO-TA on mice liver after 28 days of orally administered 0 or 0.5 mg/kg/d HFPO-TA. Administration of HFPO-TA induced mitochondrial ROS (mtROS) overexpression, cGAS-STING signaling activation, pyroptosis and fibrosis in mice liver. To determine the HFPO-TA-associated hepatotoxic mechanisms, mtROS, cGAS-STING signaling and pyroptosis intervention assays were performed in HFPO-TA-exposed mice liver. First, mtROS was found to be an upstream regulatory target of cGAS-STING signaling, pyroptosis and fibrosis. Second, cGAS-STING signaling was established to be an upstream regulatory mechanism of pyroptosis and fibrosis. Finally, pyroptosis was shown to regulate fibrosis. The above results confirm that HFPO-TA causes mice liver fibrosis via mtROS/cGAS-STING/NLRP3-mediated pyroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuliang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education, Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Jiayu Du
- Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education, Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Siming Huo
- Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education, Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Bo Li
- Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education, Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education, Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Miao Song
- Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education, Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Bing Shao
- Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education, Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Yanfei Li
- Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education, Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China.
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Zhou A, Wang L, Pi X, Fan C, Chen W, Wang Z, Rong S, Wang T. Effects of perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) on cognitive behavior and autophagy of male mice. J Toxicol Sci 2023; 48:513-526. [PMID: 37661368 DOI: 10.2131/jts.48.513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), an emerging environmental pollutant, is reported to cause neurotoxicity in animals and humans, but its underlying mechanisms are still unclear. We used in vivo models to investigate the effects of PFOS on cognition-related behaviors and related mechanisms. After 45 days of intragastric administration of PFOS (2 mg/kg or 8 mg/kg) in 7-week-old C57BL/6 mice, muscle strength, cognitive function and anxiety-like behavior were evaluated by a series of behavioral tests. The underling mechanisms of PFOS on impaired behaviors were evaluated by HE/Nissl staining, electron microscopy observation and western blot analysis. The results indicated that PFOS-exposed mice exhibited significant cognitive impairment, anxiety, neuronal degeneration and the abnormities of synaptic ultrastructure in the cortex and hippocampus. Western blot analysis indicated that PFOS exposure increased microtubule-associated protein light chain 3 (LC3) and decreased p62 protein levels, which may be associated with activation of autophagy leading to neuron damage. In summary, our results suggest that chronic exposure to PFOS adversely affects cognitive-related behavior in mice. These findings provide new mechanistic insights into PFOS-induced neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aojia Zhou
- Institute of Advanced Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, China
- Academy of Nutrition and Health, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, China
| | - Li Wang
- Institute of Advanced Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, China
- Academy of Nutrition and Health, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, China
| | - Xuejiao Pi
- Institute of Advanced Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, China
- Academy of Nutrition and Health, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, China
| | - Cheng Fan
- Institute of Advanced Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, China
- Academy of Nutrition and Health, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, China
| | - Wenwen Chen
- Institute of Advanced Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, China
- Academy of Nutrition and Health, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, China
| | - Ziping Wang
- Academy of Nutrition and Health, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, China
| | - Shuang Rong
- Academy of Nutrition and Health, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, China
| | - Ting Wang
- Institute of Advanced Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, China
- Academy of Nutrition and Health, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, China
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11
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Wang D, Tan Z, Yang J, Li L, Li H, Zhang H, Liu H, Liu Y, Wang L, Li Q, Guo H. Perfluorooctane sulfonate promotes atherosclerosis by modulating M1 polarization of macrophages through the NF-κB pathway. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 249:114384. [PMID: 36512850 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.114384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) is a widely used and distributed perfluorinated compounds and is reported to be harmful to cardiovascular health; however, the direct association between PFOS exposure and atherosclerosis and the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effects of PFOS exposure on the atherosclerosis progression and the underlying mechanisms. PFOS was administered through oral gavage to apolipoprotein E-deficient (ApoE-/-) mice for 12 weeks. PFOS exposure significantly increased pulse wave velocity (PWV) and intima-media thickness (IMT), increased aortic plaque burden and vulnerability, and elevated serum lipid and inflammatory cytokine levels. PFOS promoted aortic and RAW264.7 M1 macrophage polarization, which increased the secretion of nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and pro-inflammatory factors (tumor necrosis factor-α [TNF-α], interleukin-6 [IL-6], and interleukin-1β [IL-1β]), and suppressed M2 macrophage polarization, which decreased the expression of CD206, arginine I (Arg-1), and interleukin-10 (IL-10). Moreover, PFOS activated nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) in the aorta and macrophages. BAY11-7082 was used to inhibit NF-κB-alleviated M1 macrophage polarization and the inflammatory response induced by PFOS in RAW264.7 macrophages. Our results are the first to reveal the acceleratory effect of PFOS on the atherosclerosis progression in ApoE-/- mice, which is associated with the NF-κB activation of macrophages to M1 polarization to induce inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Wang
- Department of Toxicology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Zhenzhen Tan
- Department of Toxicology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Toxicology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Longfei Li
- Department of Toxicology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Haoran Li
- Department of Toxicology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Huaxing Zhang
- Core Facilities and Centers, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Heqiong Liu
- Department of Toxicology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Toxicology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Qian Li
- Department of Physiology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China.
| | - Huicai Guo
- Department of Toxicology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health, Shijiazhuang, China.
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12
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Garvey GJ, Anderson JK, Goodrum PE, Tyndall KH, Cox LA, Khatami M, Morales-Montor J, Schoeny RS, Seed JG, Tyagi RK, Kirman CR, Hays SM. Weight of evidence evaluation for chemical-induced immunotoxicity for PFOA and PFOS: findings from an independent panel of experts. Crit Rev Toxicol 2023; 53:34-51. [PMID: 37115714 DOI: 10.1080/10408444.2023.2194913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
Immunotoxicity is the critical endpoint used by some regulatory agencies to establish toxicity values for perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS). However, the hypothesis that exposure to certain per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) causes immune dysregulation is subject to much debate. An independent, international expert panel was engaged utilizing methods to reduce bias and "groupthink". The panel concluded there is moderate evidence that PFOS and PFOA are immunotoxic, based primarily on evidence from animal data. However, species concordance and human relevance cannot be well established due to data limitations. The panel recommended additional testing that includes longer-term exposures, evaluates both genders, includes other species of animals, tests lower dose levels, assesses more complete measures of immune responses, and elucidates the mechanism of action. Panel members agreed that the Faroe Islands cohort data should not be used as the primary basis for deriving PFAS risk assessment values. The panel agreed that vaccine antibody titer is not useful as a stand-alone metric for risk assessment. Instead, PFOA and PFOS toxicity values should rely on multiple high-quality studies, which are currently not available for immune suppression. The panel concluded that the available PFAS immune epidemiology studies suffer from weaknesses in study design that preclude their use, whereas available animal toxicity studies provide comprehensive dataset to derive points of departure (PODs) for non-immune endpoints. The panel recommends accounting for potential PFAS immunotoxicity by applying a database uncertainty factor to POD values derived from animal studies for other more robustly supported critical effects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - L Anthony Cox
- Business Analytics, University of Colorado, Denver, CO, USA
| | | | - Jorge Morales-Montor
- Department of Immunology, Universidad Nacional Autonoma De Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | | | - Rajeev K Tyagi
- CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology (IMTECH), Chandigarh, India
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13
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Chen Y, Wang Y, Cui Z, Liu W, Liu B, Zeng Q, Zhao X, Dou J, Cao J. Endocrine disrupting chemicals: A promoter of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1154837. [PMID: 37033031 PMCID: PMC10075363 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1154837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most prevalent liver disorder. With the improvement in human living standards, the prevalence of NAFLD has been increasing in recent years. Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are a class of exogenous chemicals that simulate the effects of hormones in the body. There has been growing evidence regarding the potential effects of EDCs on liver health, especially in NAFLD. This paper aims to summarize the major EDCs that contribute to the growing burden of NAFLD and to raise public awareness regarding the hazards posed by EDCs with the objective of reducing the incidence of NAFLD.
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14
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Li C, Jiang L, Qi Y, Zhang D, Liu X, Han W, Ma W, Xu L, Jin Y, Luo J, Zhao K, Yu D. Integration of metabolomics and proteomics reveals the underlying hepatotoxic mechanism of perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and 6:2 chlorinated polyfluoroalkyl ether sulfonic acid (6:2 Cl-PFESA) in primary human hepatocytes. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 249:114361. [PMID: 36508832 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.114361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and its alternative 6:2 chlorinated polyfluorinated ether sulfonate (6:2 Cl-PFESA) are ubiquitous in various environmental and human samples. They have been reported to have hepatotoxicity effects, but the potential mechanisms remain unclear. Herein, we integrated metabolomics and proteomics analysis to investigate the altered profiles in metabolite and protein levels in primary human hepatocytes (PHH) exposed to 6:2 Cl-PFESA and PFOS at human exposure relevant concentrations. Our results showed that 6:2 Cl-PFESA exhibited higher perturbation effects on cell viability, metabolome and proteome than PFOS. Integration of metabolomics and proteomics revealed that the alteration of glycerophospholipid metabolism was the critical pathway of 6:2 Cl-PFESA and PFOS-induced lipid metabolism disorder in primary human hepatocytes. Interestingly, 6:2 Cl-PFESA-induced cellular metabolic process disorder was associated with the cellular membrane-bounded signaling pathway, while PFOS was associated with the intracellular transport process. Moreover, the disruption effects of 6:2 Cl-PFESA were also involved in inositol phosphate metabolism and phosphatidylinositol signaling system. Overall, this study provided comprehensive insights into the hepatic lipid toxicity mechanisms of 6:2 Cl-PFESA and PFOS in human primary hepatocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanhai Li
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Lidan Jiang
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Yuan Qi
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Donghui Zhang
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Xinya Liu
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Wenchao Han
- Department of Pediatrics, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Affiliated to Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Wanli Ma
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Lin Xu
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Yuan Jin
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Jiao Luo
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Kunming Zhao
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Dianke Yu
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao 266071, China.
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15
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Chen Y, Jiang L, Zhang R, Shi Z, Xie C, Hong Y, Wang J, Cai Z. Spatially revealed perfluorooctane sulfonate-induced nephrotoxicity in mouse kidney using atmospheric pressure MALDI mass spectrometry imaging. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 838:156380. [PMID: 35660446 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), an emerging environmental persistent pollutant, has attracted extensive attention due to its potential nephrotoxicity. However, little is known about the spatial variations of lipid metabolism associated with PFOS exposure. In this study, atmospheric pressure matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging (AP-MALDI MSI) was used to reveal the spatial distributions of PFOS and its adverse effect on lipid metabolism directly in mouse kidney sections. We have observed that PFOS accumulated in the renal pelvis and outer cortex regions, with some found in the medulla and inner cortex regions. Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining results also demonstrated that the accumulation of PFOS caused damage to the mouse kidney, which was consistent with AP-MALDI MSI results. Furthermore, a total of 42 lipids were shown to be significantly different in the spatial distribution patterns and variations between control and PFOS exposure mice groups, including the significant down-regulation of lyso-glycerophospholipids (Lyso-GPs), phosphatidic acids (PA), phosphatidylcholines (PC), phosphatidylethanolamines (PE), phosphatidylserines (PS) sphingomyelins (SM) and sulfatides (ST) in renal medulla or cortex region of mouse kidney sections, and remarkable up-regulation of cholesterol and phosphatidylinositols (PI) in the cortex regions of mouse kidney sections. The AP-MALDI MSI provides a new tool to explore spatial distributions and variations of the endogenous metabolites for the risk assessment of environmental pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Lilong Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Rong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Zhangsheng Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Chengyi Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Yanjun Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, SAR, China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jianing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, SAR, China; Institute for Research and Continuing Education, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, SAR, China.
| | - Zongwei Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, SAR, China
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16
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Wang Z, Yao J, Guo H, Sheng N, Guo Y, Dai J. Comparative Hepatotoxicity of a Novel Perfluoroalkyl Ether Sulfonic Acid, Nafion Byproduct 2 (H-PFMO2OSA), and Legacy Perfluorooctane Sulfonate (PFOS) in Adult Male Mice. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:10183-10192. [PMID: 35786879 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c00957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Nafion byproduct 2 (H-PFMO2OSA) has been detected in the environment, but little is known about its toxicities. To compare the hepatotoxicity of H-PFMO2OSA with legacy perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), male adult mice were exposed to 0.2, 1, or 5 mg/kg/d of each chemical for 28 days. Results showed that, although H-PFMO2OSA liver and serum concentrations were lower than those of PFOS, the relative liver weight in the H-PFMO2OSA groups was significantly higher than that in the corresponding PFOS groups. In addition, the increase in alanine transaminase and aspartate aminotransferase activity was greater in the H-PFMO2OSA groups than in the PFOS groups. Reduced glutathione (GSH) content and glutathione reductase activity in the liver increased in the 1 and 5 mg/kg/d H-PFMO2OSA groups and in the 5 mg/kg/d PFOS group. Liver quantitative proteome analysis demonstrated that, similar to PFOS, H-PFMO2OSA caused lipid metabolism disorder, and most lipid metabolism-related differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were controlled by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα). Additionally, KEGG enrichment analysis highlighted changes in the GSH metabolism pathway after PFOS and H-PFMO2OSA exposure. Then, there were eight DEPs involved in the GSH metabolism pathway that mostly were upregulated after exposure to H-PFMO2OSA but not after exposure to PFOS. In conclusion, H-PFMO2OSA induced higher levels of liver damage and more serious GSH metabolism dysregulation compared to PFOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiru Wang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Health Impact Assessment of Emerging Contaminants, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Minhang District, Shanghai 200240, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Jingzhi Yao
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Health Impact Assessment of Emerging Contaminants, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Minhang District, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Hua Guo
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Nan Sheng
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Health Impact Assessment of Emerging Contaminants, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Minhang District, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yong Guo
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jiayin Dai
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Health Impact Assessment of Emerging Contaminants, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Minhang District, Shanghai 200240, China
- Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
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17
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Zhou L, He S, Shi Y, Cai Y, Zhang C. Tissue distribution of sodium p-perfluorous nonenoxybenzene sulfonate (OBS) in mice via oral exposure. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2022; 165:107289. [PMID: 35588675 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2022.107289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Environmental risks caused by emerging per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) have attracted increasing attention. As an important substitute for perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), sodium p-perfluorous nonenoxybenzene sulfonate (OBS) is widely used as a firefighting foam additive and oil recovery agent in China. This study reported the tissue distribution of OBS in KM mice that were administered a dose of OBS at 10 µg/day via daily oral gavage for 7, 14, or 28 days. During exposure, gender-based differences were observed in body weight changes and tissue distribution of OBS. Liver exhibited the highest concentrations (males: 12.57 ± 1.80 µg/g; females: 11.80 ± 5.32 µg/g) and tissue/blood ratios and contributed more than 50% to the whole-body burden of OBS in both male and female mice, showing its ability to enrich PFASs. Furthermore, there were certain differences in the distribution characteristics of the three OBS isomers. Based on its bioaccumulation potential and widespread use, further studies are required on the human exposure risks of OBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longfei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Sisi He
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; School of Chemical & Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology-Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yali Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, UCAS, Hangzhou 310024, China.
| | - Yaqi Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, UCAS, Hangzhou 310024, China; Institute of Environment and Health, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China
| | - Chunhui Zhang
- School of Chemical & Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology-Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
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18
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Wang P, Liu D, Yan S, Cui J, Liang Y, Ren S. Adverse Effects of Perfluorooctane Sulfonate on the Liver and Relevant Mechanisms. TOXICS 2022; 10:toxics10050265. [PMID: 35622678 PMCID: PMC9144769 DOI: 10.3390/toxics10050265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) is a persistent, widely present organic pollutant. PFOS can enter the human body through drinking water, ingestion of food, contact with utensils containing PFOS, and occupational exposure to PFOS, and can have adverse effects on human health. Increasing research shows that the liver is the major target of PFOS, and that PFOS can damage liver tissue and disrupt its function; however, the exact mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, we reviewed the adverse effects of PFOS on liver tissue and cells, as well as on liver function, to provide a reference for subsequent studies related to the toxicity of PFOS and liver injury caused by PFOS.
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19
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Wan C, Gu T, Ling J, Qin Y, Luo J, Sun L, Hua L, Zhao J, Jiang S. Perfluorooctane sulfonate aggravates CCl4-induced hepatic fibrosis via HMGB1/TLR4/Smad signaling. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2022; 37:983-994. [PMID: 34990082 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) is a widespread environmental pollutant and may cause a variety of adverse health effects. The hepatotoxicity of PFOS has attracted particular attention, given the fact that the liver has one of the highest PFOS accumulations among human tissues. In this study, we revealed that subchronic PFOS exposure may exacerbate carbon tetrachloride (CCl4 )-induced liver fibrosis in animal models. Administration with 1 mg/kg PFOS every other day for 56 days dramatically enhanced CCl4 -mediated liver injury and hepatic stellate cell (HSC) activation. Furthermore, PFOS exposure may promote the activation of high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1)/toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling pathway through inducing the secretion of HMGB1 from hepatocytes. PFOS exposure induced the translocation of HMGB1 from the nucleus into the cytoplasm of hepatocytes and cultured BRL-3A cells at a starting concentration of 50 μM. This process is accompanied with concurrent flux of calcium, suggesting a link between calcium signaling and HMGB1 release following PFOS exposure. Finally, we showed that PFOS-exposed conditional medium (PFOS-CM) of hepatocytes may induce the translocation of Smad2/3 in HSCs in a TLR4-dependent manner. Taken together, subchronic PFOS exposure might play a pro-fibrotic role via a HMGB1/TLR4-dependent Smad signaling in HSCs. Our findings for the first time uncovered an involvement of PFOS exposure in liver fibrosis via HMGB1/TLR4/Smad signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunhua Wan
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Tianye Gu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Junyi Ling
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Yi Qin
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, China
- Haimen District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Haimen, Nantong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiashan Luo
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Lingli Sun
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Lu Hua
- Department of Oncology, Taizhou People's Hospital, Taizhou, China
| | - Jianya Zhao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Shengyang Jiang
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, China
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20
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Starnes HM, Rock KD, Jackson TW, Belcher SM. A Critical Review and Meta-Analysis of Impacts of Per- and Polyfluorinated Substances on the Brain and Behavior. FRONTIERS IN TOXICOLOGY 2022; 4:881584. [PMID: 35480070 PMCID: PMC9035516 DOI: 10.3389/ftox.2022.881584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are a class of structurally diverse synthetic organic chemicals that are chemically stable, resistant to degradation, and persistent in terrestrial and aquatic environments. Widespread use of PFAS in industrial processing and manufacturing over the last 70 years has led to global contamination of built and natural environments. The brain is a lipid rich and highly vascularized organ composed of long-lived neurons and glial cells that are especially vulnerable to the impacts of persistent and lipophilic toxicants. Generally, PFAS partition to protein-rich tissues of the body, primarily the liver and blood, but are also detected in the brains of humans, wildlife, and laboratory animals. Here we review factors impacting the absorption, distribution, and accumulation of PFAS in the brain, and currently available evidence for neurotoxic impacts defined by disruption of neurochemical, neurophysiological, and behavioral endpoints. Emphasis is placed on the neurotoxic potential of exposures during critical periods of development and in sensitive populations, and factors that may exacerbate neurotoxicity of PFAS. While limitations and inconsistencies across studies exist, the available body of evidence suggests that the neurobehavioral impacts of long-chain PFAS exposures during development are more pronounced than impacts resulting from exposure during adulthood. There is a paucity of experimental studies evaluating neurobehavioral and molecular mechanisms of short-chain PFAS, and even greater data gaps in the analysis of neurotoxicity for PFAS outside of the perfluoroalkyl acids. Whereas most experimental studies were focused on acute and subchronic impacts resulting from high dose exposures to a single PFAS congener, more realistic exposures for humans and wildlife are mixtures exposures that are relatively chronic and low dose in nature. Our evaluation of the available human epidemiological, experimental, and wildlife data also indicates heightened accumulation of perfluoroalkyl acids in the brain after environmental exposure, in comparison to the experimental studies. These findings highlight the need for additional experimental analysis of neurodevelopmental impacts of environmentally relevant concentrations and complex mixtures of PFAS.
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21
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Costello E, Rock S, Stratakis N, Eckel SP, Walker DI, Valvi D, Cserbik D, Jenkins T, Xanthakos SA, Kohli R, Sisley S, Vasiliou V, La Merrill MA, Rosen H, Conti DV, McConnell R, Chatzi L. Exposure to per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances and Markers of Liver Injury: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2022; 130:46001. [PMID: 35475652 PMCID: PMC9044977 DOI: 10.1289/ehp10092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 62.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Experimental evidence indicates that exposure to certain pollutants is associated with liver damage. Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are persistent synthetic chemicals widely used in industry and consumer products and bioaccumulate in food webs and human tissues, such as the liver. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to conduct a systematic review of the literature and meta-analysis evaluating PFAS exposure and evidence of liver injury from rodent and epidemiological studies. METHODS PubMed and Embase were searched for all studies from earliest available indexing year through 1 December 2021 using keywords corresponding to PFAS exposure and liver injury. For data synthesis, results were limited to studies in humans and rodents assessing the following indicators of liver injury: serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, or steatosis. For human studies, at least three observational studies per PFAS were used to conduct a weighted z-score meta-analysis to determine the direction and significance of associations. For rodent studies, data were synthesized to qualitatively summarize the direction and significance of effect. RESULTS Our search yielded 85 rodent studies and 24 epidemiological studies, primarily of people from the United States. Studies focused primarily on legacy PFAS: perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS), perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA), and perfluorohexanesulfonic acid. Meta-analyses of human studies revealed that higher ALT levels were associated with exposure to PFOA (z-score= 6.20, p<0.001), PFOS (z-score= 3.55, p<0.001), and PFNA (z-score= 2.27, p=0.023). PFOA exposure was also associated with higher aspartate aminotransferase and gamma-glutamyl transferase levels in humans. In rodents, PFAS exposures consistently resulted in higher ALT levels and steatosis. CONCLUSION There is consistent evidence for PFAS hepatotoxicity from rodent studies, supported by associations of PFAS and markers of liver function in observational human studies. This review identifies a need for additional research evaluating next-generation PFAS, mixtures, and early life exposures. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP10092.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Costello
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Sarah Rock
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Nikos Stratakis
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Sandrah P. Eckel
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Douglas I. Walker
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Damaskini Valvi
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Dora Cserbik
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Todd Jenkins
- Division of Pediatric General and Thoracic Surgery, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Stavra A. Xanthakos
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Rohit Kohli
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Stephanie Sisley
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Vasilis Vasiliou
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Michele A. La Merrill
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Hugo Rosen
- Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - David V. Conti
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Rob McConnell
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Leda Chatzi
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
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Prakash V, Jain V, Chauhan SS, Parthasarathi R, Roy SK, Anbumani S. Developmental toxicity assessment of 4-MBC in Danio rerio embryo-larval stages. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 804:149920. [PMID: 34509837 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Enormous production of cosmetic products and its indiscriminate use tends to discharge into the aquatic environment and might threaten non-target organisms inhabiting aquatic ecosystems. In the present study, developmental toxicity of 4-methylbenzylidene camphor (4-MBC), a widely used organic UV filter in personal care products has been evaluated using zebrafish embryo-larval stages. Waterborne exposure induced developmental toxicity and deduced 2.71 mg/L as 96 h LC50 whereas embryos exposed to sub-lethal concentrations (50 and 500 μg/L) caused a significant delay in hatching rate, heart rate, reduced larval length, and restricted hatchlings motility besides the axial curvature. Chronic exposure to 10 dpf resulted in significant decrease in SOD activity at 500 μg/L with no changes in CAT level besides a significant increase in GST enzyme at 5 μg/L concentration in 5 dpf sampled larvae. However, all the three enzymes were significantly elevated in 10 dpf larvae indicating differential oxidative stress during the stages of development. Similar trend is noticed for acetylcholine esterase enzyme activity. A concentration dependent increase in malondialdehyde content was noted in larvae sampled at 5 and 10 dpf. In addition, multixenobiotic resistance (MXR) activity inhibition, and elevated oxidative tissue damage were noticed at 5 dpf with no significant changes in 10 dpf larvae. Furthermore, immunoblot analysis confirms 4-MBC induced apoptosis in zebrafish larvae with promoted cleaved Caspase-3, Bax and inhibited Bcl-2 proteins expression. Subsequently, docking studies revealed the binding potential of 4-MBC to zebrafish Abcb4 and CYP450 8A1 proteins with the binding energy of -8.1 and -8.5 kcal/mol representing target proteins interaction and toxicity potentiation. Our results showed that 4-MBC exposure triggers oxidative stress at sub-lethal concentrations leading to apoptosis, deformities and locomotion perturbations in developing zebrafish.This is first of its kind in systematically demonstrating developmental toxicity of 4-MBC and the information shall be used for aquatic toxicity risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ved Prakash
- Ecotoxicology Laboratory, Regulatory Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, "Vishvigyan Bhawan", 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, P.O. Box No.80, Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Veena Jain
- Analytical Chemistry Laboratory, Regulatory Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, "Vishvigyan Bhawan", 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, P.O. Box No.80, Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Shweta Singh Chauhan
- Computational Toxicology Facility, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, "Vishvigyan Bhawan", 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, P.O. Box No.80, Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Ramakrishnan Parthasarathi
- Computational Toxicology Facility, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, "Vishvigyan Bhawan", 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, P.O. Box No.80, Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Somendu K Roy
- Analytical Chemistry Laboratory, Regulatory Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, "Vishvigyan Bhawan", 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, P.O. Box No.80, Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Sadasivam Anbumani
- Ecotoxicology Laboratory, Regulatory Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, "Vishvigyan Bhawan", 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, P.O. Box No.80, Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India.
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23
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Guo H, Sheng N, Guo Y, Wu C, Xie W, Dai J. Exposure to GenX and its novel analogs disrupts fatty acid metabolism in male mice. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 291:118202. [PMID: 34562693 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.118202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Perfluoroalkyl ether carboxylic acids (PFECAs), including hexafluoropropylene oxide dimer acid (HFPO-DA, GenX), have been widely used as alternatives to perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and subsequently detected in various environmental matrices. Despite this, public information regarding their hepatotoxicity remains limited. Here, to compare the hepatotoxicity of PFECAs and identify better alternatives for GenX, adult male mice were exposed to different concentrations (0.4, 2, and 10 mg/kg/d) of PFOA, GenX, and its analogs (PFMO2HpA and PFMO3NA) for 28 d. Results demonstrated increased hepatomegaly and disturbed fatty acid metabolism with increasing treatment doses. After dimensionality reduction analysis, significant differences were observed in the relative liver weights and liver and serum biochemical parameters among the four clusters. Furthermore, when chemical concentrations in the liver were similar, no differences in the indicators of liver injury associated with fatty acid metabolism were observed among groups in the same clusters. Our results suggest that dimensionality reduction analysis is a useful strategy for analyzing samples exposed to multiple compounds at different doses. Furthermore, PFECAs exhibit similar hepatotoxicities at the same cumulative hepatic concentration in mice with constant body weight, while PFMO2HpA exhibits lower hepatotoxicity compared to GenX at the same dose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Guo
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Health Impact Assessment of Emerging Contaminants, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Minhang District, Shanghai, 200240, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Nan Sheng
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Health Impact Assessment of Emerging Contaminants, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Minhang District, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Yong Guo
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Chengying Wu
- Sanming Hexafluo Chemicals Co., Ltd., Fluorinated New Material Industry Park, Mingxi, Fujian, 365200, China
| | - Weidong Xie
- Sanming Hexafluo Chemicals Co., Ltd., Fluorinated New Material Industry Park, Mingxi, Fujian, 365200, China
| | - Jiayin Dai
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Health Impact Assessment of Emerging Contaminants, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Minhang District, Shanghai, 200240, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
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24
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Wang C, Weng Y, Tu W, Jin C, Jin Y. Maternal exposure to sodium ρ-perfluorous nonenoxybenzene sulfonate during pregnancy and lactation disrupts intestinal barrier and may cause obstacles to the nutrient transport and metabolism in F0 and F1 generations of mice. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 794:148775. [PMID: 34323766 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Sodium ρ-perfluorous nonenoxybenzene sulfonate (OBS), a novel kind of perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl compound, has been widely detected in the environment. The toxicity of OBS to living organisms has become a public concern. A growing body of research showed that maternal exposure to environmental pollutants caused intestinal and metabolic diseases that could be conserved across offspring. Here, female C57BL/6 mice were treated OBS at dietary levels of 0.0 mg/L (CON), 0.5 mg/L (OBS-L) and 5.0 mg/L (OBS-H) during the gestation and lactation periods. The results demonstrated that OBS treatment not only induced significant changes in the mucus secretion and ionic transport, but also disrupted the expression of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) in the intestine of F0 and F1 generations. Additionally, OBS exposure altered bile acids metabolism and affected the transcriptional levels of critical genes involved in bile acids synthesis, signaling transfer, transportation and apical uptake. Together, all these results indicated that OBS exposure was perceived as a major stress by the intestinal epithelium that strongly affected the intestinal barrier function (including mucus, CFTR, AMPs, inflammation), and ultimately led to imbalance in the metabolism of bile acids (BAs). Moreover, we found that maternal OBS exposure had a more obvious toxicity effect on the male offspring in this experiment. Taken together, maternal OBS exposure during pregnancy and lactation had the intestinal and metabolism toxic effects on the dams and offspring, indicating that effects of maternal exposure on the toxicity of offspring could not be ignored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caiyun Wang
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - You Weng
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Wenqing Tu
- Research Institute of Poyang Lake, Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanchang 330029, China.
| | - Cuiyuan Jin
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Yuanxiang Jin
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China.
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25
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Wang C, Jin C, Tu W, Jin Y. Maternal exposure of mice to sodium p-perfluorous nonenoxybenzene sulfonate causes endocrine disruption in both dams and offspring. Endocr J 2021; 68:1165-1177. [PMID: 33980773 DOI: 10.1507/endocrj.ej20-0781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The toxicity of certain novel perfluoroalkyl substances (PFCs) has attracted increasing attention. However, the toxic effects of sodium p-perfluorous nonenoxybenzene sulfonate (OBS) on the endocrine system have not been elucidated. In this study, OBS was added to the drinking water during the pregnancy and lactation of the healthy female mice at dietary levels of 0.0 mg/L (CON), 0.5 mg/L (OBS-L), and 5.0 mg/L (OBS-H). OBS exposure during the pregnancy and lactation resulted in the presence of OBS residues in the placenta and fetus. We also analyzed physiological and biochemical parameters and gene expression levels in mice of the F0 and F1 generations after maternal OBS exposure. The total serum cholesterol (TC) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels were significantly increased in female mice of the F0 generation. The androgen levels in the serum and the ovarian mRNA levels of androgen receptor (AR) also tended to increase after maternal OBS exposure in the F0 generation mice. Moreover, maternal OBS exposure altered the mRNA expression of endocrine-related genes in male mice of F1 generation. Notably, the serum TC and LDL-C levels were significantly increased in 8-weeks-old male mice of the F1 generation, and the serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels were decreased in 24-week-old male mice of the F1 generation. These results indicated that maternal OBS exposure can interfere with endocrine homeostasis in the F0 and F1 generations. Therefore, exposure to OBS during pregnancy and lactation has the potential toxic effects on the dams and male offspring, which cannot be overlooked.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caiyun Wang
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Cuiyuan Jin
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Wenqing Tu
- Research Institute of Poyang Lake, Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanchang 330029, China
| | - Yuanxiang Jin
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
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26
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Bolan N, Sarkar B, Vithanage M, Singh G, Tsang DCW, Mukhopadhyay R, Ramadass K, Vinu A, Sun Y, Ramanayaka S, Hoang SA, Yan Y, Li Y, Rinklebe J, Li H, Kirkham MB. Distribution, behaviour, bioavailability and remediation of poly- and per-fluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in solid biowastes and biowaste-treated soil. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2021; 155:106600. [PMID: 33964642 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.106600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Aqueous film-forming foam, used in firefighting, and biowastes, including biosolids, animal and poultry manures, and composts, provide a major source of poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) input to soil. Large amounts of biowastes are added to soil as a source of nutrients and carbon. They also are added as soil amendments to improve soil health and crop productivity. Plant uptake of PFAS through soil application of biowastes is a pathway for animal and human exposure to PFAS. The complexity of PFAS mixtures, and their chemical and thermal stability, make remediation of PFAS in both solid and aqueous matrices challenging. Remediation of PFAS in biowastes, as well as soils treated with these biowastes, can be achieved through preventing and decreasing the concentration of PFAS in biowaste sources (i.e., prevention through source control), mobilization of PFAS in contaminated soil and subsequent removal through leaching (i.e., soil washing) and plant uptake (i.e., phytoremediation), sorption of PFAS, thereby decreasing their mobility and bioavailability (i.e., immobilization), and complete removal through thermal and chemical oxidation (i.e., destruction). In this review, the distribution, bioavailability, and remediation of PFAS in soil receiving solid biowastes, which include biosolids, composts, and manure, are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanthi Bolan
- The Global Centre for Environmental Remediation, College of Engineering, Science and Environment, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia, The Cooperative Centre for High Performance Soils, Callaghan, NSW, Australia.
| | - Binoy Sarkar
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, United Kingdom
| | - Meththika Vithanage
- Ecosphere Resilience Research Center, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda 10250, Sri Lanka
| | - Gurwinder Singh
- The Global Innovative Centre for Advanced Nanomaterials, College of Engineering, Science and Environment, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia; The Cooperative Centre for High Performance Soils, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Daniel C W Tsang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Raj Mukhopadhyay
- Division of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering, ICAR-Central Soil Salinity Research Institute, Karnal 132001, India
| | - Kavitha Ramadass
- The Global Innovative Centre for Advanced Nanomaterials, College of Engineering, Science and Environment, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia; The Cooperative Centre for High Performance Soils, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Ajayan Vinu
- The Global Innovative Centre for Advanced Nanomaterials, College of Engineering, Science and Environment, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia; The Cooperative Centre for High Performance Soils, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Yuqing Sun
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Sammani Ramanayaka
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, United Kingdom; Ecosphere Resilience Research Center, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda 10250, Sri Lanka
| | - Son A Hoang
- The Global Centre for Environmental Remediation, College of Engineering, Science and Environment, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia, The Cooperative Centre for High Performance Soils, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Yubo Yan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huaiyin Normal University, Huai'an 223300, China
| | - Yang Li
- Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, PR China
| | - Jörg Rinklebe
- University of Wuppertal, Faculty of Architecture und Civil Engineering, Institute of Soil Engineering, Waste- and Water Science, Laboratory of Soil- and Groundwater-Management, Germany; Department of Environment, Energy and Geoinformatics, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Korea.
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Environment, Energy and Geoinformatics, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Korea
| | - M B Kirkham
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; Department of Agronomy, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
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27
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Bursian SJ, Link JE, McCarty M, Harr K, Roberts J, Simcik MF. Dietary Exposure of Japanese Quail (Coturnix japonica) to Perfluorooctane Sulfonate (PFOS) and a Legacy Aqueous Film-Forming Foam (AFFF) Containing PFOS: Effects on Reproduction and Chick Survivability and Growth. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2021; 40:2521-2537. [PMID: 34157787 DOI: 10.1002/etc.5138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Effects of perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and a legacy aqueous film-forming foam (AFFF) containing 91% PFOS (AFFF PFOS) on reproduction, chick survivability, and growth of Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica) were determined. Day-old Japanese quail were administered PFOS or AFFF PFOS at 6 dietary concentrations ranging from 0 to 21 mg kg-1 feed for a total of 20 wk. At the age of 4 wk, 16 male/female pairs per treatment were assigned to cages, and egg laying was induced by the age of 10 wk. Eggs were collected daily, set weekly, and incubated for 18 d for the following 10 wk. Hatchlings were fed uncontaminated feed for 2 wk and euthanized to collect blood and liver. After 10 wk of egg collection, adults were euthanized to collect blood, liver, and kidneys. Significantly increased myofiber numbers in the liver and glomerular sclerosis in the kidneys of adults indicated damage at greater doses. Perfluorooctane sulfonate or AFFF PFOS did not significantly affect egg production; however, hatchability was decreased at the highest PFOS dose. The no-observed-adverse-effect levels for chick survivability, considered the critical effect, were 4.1 mg PFOS kg feed-1 (0.55 mg kg body wt-1 d-1 ) and 5.0 mg AFFF PFOS kg feed-1 (0.66 mg kg body wt-1 d-1 ), resulting in calculated average toxicity reference values of 0.25 mg kg feed-1 and 0.034 mg kg body weight-1 d-1 . Environ Toxicol Chem 2021;40:2521-2537. © 2020 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven J Bursian
- Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
- Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Jane E Link
- Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Michael McCarty
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | | | - John Roberts
- URIKA Pathology, Mukilteo, Washington, USA
- Department of Comparative, Diagnostic, and Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Matt F Simcik
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
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Andersen ME, Hagenbuch B, Apte U, Corton JC, Fletcher T, Lau C, Roth WL, Staels B, Vega GL, Clewell HJ, Longnecker MP. Why is elevation of serum cholesterol associated with exposure to perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in humans? A workshop report on potential mechanisms. Toxicology 2021; 459:152845. [PMID: 34246716 PMCID: PMC9048712 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2021.152845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Serum concentrations of cholesterol are positively correlated with exposure to perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) in humans. The associated change in cholesterol is small across a broad range of exposure to PFOA and PFOS. Animal studies generally have not indicated a mechanism that would account for the association in humans. The extent to which the relationship is causal is an open question. Nonetheless, the association is of particular importance because increased serum cholesterol has been considered as an endpoint to derive a point of departure in at least one recent risk assessment. To gain insight into potential mechanisms for the association, both causal and non-causal, an expert workshop was held Oct 31 and Nov 1, 2019 to discuss relevant data and propose new studies. In this report, we summarize the relevant background data, the discussion among the attendees, and their recommendations for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bruno Hagenbuch
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology & Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Blvd - MS 1018, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA.
| | - Udayan Apte
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology & Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Blvd - MS 1018, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA.
| | - J Christopher Corton
- Advanced Experimental Toxicology Models Branch, Biomolecular and Computational Toxicology Division, Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure, US Environmental Protection Agency, 109 T.W. Alexander Dr., MD B105-03, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA.
| | - Tony Fletcher
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, UK.
| | - Christopher Lau
- Reproductive and Developmental Toxicology Branch, Public Health and Integrated Toxicology Division, Mail Code B105-04, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, Office of Research and Development, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA.
| | - William L Roth
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration (Retired), Numerical Animals, 16005 Frontier Rd., Reno, NV 89508, USA.
| | - Bart Staels
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011-EGID, F-59019 Lille, France.
| | - Gloria L Vega
- Center for Human Nutrition, Dallas, TX, USA; Department of Clinical Nutrition, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX 75390-9052, USA.
| | - Harvey J Clewell
- Ramboll US Consulting, Inc., 3214 Charles B. Root Wynd, Suite 130, Raleigh, NC 27612, USA.
| | - Matthew P Longnecker
- Ramboll US Consulting, Inc., 3214 Charles B. Root Wynd, Suite 130, Raleigh, NC 27612, USA.
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29
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Wang LQ, Liu T, Yang S, Sun L, Zhao ZY, Li LY, She YC, Zheng YY, Ye XY, Bao Q, Dong GH, Li CW, Cui J. Perfluoroalkyl substance pollutants activate the innate immune system through the AIM2 inflammasome. Nat Commun 2021; 12:2915. [PMID: 34006824 PMCID: PMC8131593 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-23201-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are widely used in various manufacturing processes. Accumulation of these chemicals has adverse effects on human health, including inflammation in multiple organs, yet how PFAS are sensed by host cells, and how tissue inflammation eventually incurs, is still unclear. Here, we show that the double-stranded DNA receptor AIM2 is able to recognize perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), a common form of PFAS, to trigger IL-1β secretion and pyroptosis. Mechanistically, PFOS activates the AIM2 inflammasome in a process involving mitochondrial DNA release through the Ca2+-PKC-NF-κB/JNK-BAX/BAK axis. Accordingly, Aim2-/- mice have reduced PFOS-induced inflammation, as well as tissue damage in the lungs, livers, and kidneys in both their basic condition and in an asthmatic exacerbation model. Our results thus suggest a function of AIM2 in PFOS-mediated tissue inflammation, and identify AIM2 as a major pattern recognition receptor in response to the environmental organic pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Qiu Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Tao Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shuai Yang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Lin Sun
- Department of Otolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhi-Yao Zhao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Li-Yue Li
- Department of Otolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuan-Chu She
- MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yan-Yan Zheng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Ye
- Department of Otolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Qing Bao
- Department of Otolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Guang-Hui Dong
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Chun-Wei Li
- Department of Otolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Jun Cui
- MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
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Wang G, Pan R, Liang X, Wu X, Wu Y, Zhang H, Zhao J, Chen W. Perfluorooctanoic acid-induced liver injury is potentially associated with gut microbiota dysbiosis. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 266:129004. [PMID: 33279240 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.129004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), an environmental pollutant, is widely engaged in industrial products and tends to accumulate in the liver. Emerging evidence has suggested that the gut microbiome is a pivotal player in maintaining animal health and can potentially altered by xenobiotic. However, few studies explored whether PFOA-induced liver injury is associated with gut microbiota dysbiosis. In the present study, the effects of subacute and subchronic PFOA exposure on liver and gut microbiota in C57BL/6J mice were investigated. Our findings showed that both subacute and subchronic exposure to PFOA induced the liver inflammation, disrupted antioxidative homeostasis and caused liver histological abnormalities with detectable hepatomegaly, ultimately triggering liver injury. Besides, 16S rRNA sequencing analysis revealed that subacute PFOA exposure caused significant changes in the abundances of intestinal flora known to contribute to liver inflammation and oxidative stress, such as the Dehalobacterium and Bacteroides genera. Exposure to subchronic toxicity mainly induced the decrease in commensal probiotics including Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium genera, which are potentially beneficial to liver damage, compared with that in the untreated group. They also resulted in disturbed functional capabilities of the microbial communities by a Phylogenetic Investigation of Communities by Reconstruction of Unobserved States (PICRUSt) analysis. Additionally, the levels of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), especially butyric acid, were significantly reduced by PFOA administration. Collectively, our observations suggested that liver damage induced by both subacute and subchronic PFOA exposures probably partly related to the gut microbiota dysbiosis and provided a new insight into the role of PFOA in liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, PR China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, PR China
| | - Ruili Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, PR China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, PR China
| | - Xi Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, PR China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, PR China
| | - Xiaobing Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, PR China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, PR China
| | - Yanmin Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, PR China.
| | - Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, PR China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, PR China; (Yangzhou) Institute of Food Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Yangzhou, 225004, PR China; National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, PR China; Wuxi Translational Medicine Research Center and Jiangsu Translational Medicine Research Institute Wuxi Branch, Wuxi, 214122, PR China
| | - Jianxin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, PR China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, PR China; (Yangzhou) Institute of Food Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Yangzhou, 225004, PR China; International Joint Research Laboratory for Probiotics, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, PR China.
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, PR China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, PR China; National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, PR China; Beijing Innovation Centre of Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), Beijing, 100048, PR China
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Yang Y, Meng K, Chen M, Xie S, Chen D. Fluorotelomer Alcohols' Toxicology Correlates with Oxidative Stress and Metabolism. REVIEWS OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2021; 256:71-101. [PMID: 33866421 DOI: 10.1007/398_2020_57] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Fluorotelomer alcohols (FTOHs) are widely used as industrial raw materials due to their unique hydrophobic and oleophobic properties. However, because of accidental exposure to products containing FTOHs or with the widespread use of FTOHs, they tend to contaminate the water and the soil. There are reports demonstrating that FTOHs can cause various harmful effects in animals and humans (for example, neurotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, immunotoxicity, endocrine-disrupting activity, and developmental and reproductive toxicities). Oxidative stress is related to a variety of toxic effects induced by FTOHs. To date, few reviews have addressed the relationship between the toxicity of FTOHs and oxidative stress. This article summarises research demonstrating that the toxicity induced by FTOHs correlates with oxidative stress and metabolism. Furthermore, during the metabolic process of FTOHs, a number of cytochrome P450 enzymes (CYP450) are involved and many metabolites are produced by these enzymes, which can induce oxidative stress. This is also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujuan Yang
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Kuiyu Meng
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Min Chen
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Shuyu Xie
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Dongmei Chen
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
- MOA Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
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Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) disrupts testosterone biosynthesis via CREB/CRTC2/StAR signaling pathway in Leydig cells. Toxicology 2020; 449:152663. [PMID: 33359577 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2020.152663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), a stable end-product of perfluorinated compounds (PFCs), is associated with male reproductive disorders, but its underlying mechanisms are still unclear. We used in vivo and in vitro models to investigate the effects of PFOS on testosterone biosynthesis and related mechanisms. First, male ICR mice were orally administered PFOS (0-10 mg/kg/bw) for 4 weeks. Bodyweight, sperm count, reproductive hormones, mRNA expression of the genes related to testosterone biosynthesis, and the protein expression of protein kinase A (PKA), p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), cAMP-response element binding protein (CREB), CREB regulated transcription coactivator 2 (CRTC2) and steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR) were evaluated. Furthermore, mouse primary Leydig cells were used to delineate the molecular mechanisms that mediate the effects of PFOS on testosterone biosynthesis. Our results demonstrated that PFOS dose-dependently decreased sperm count, testosterone level, CRTC2/StAR expression, and damaged testicular interstitium morphology, paralleled by increase in phosphorylated PKA, CREB and p38 in testes. Additionally, similar to the in vivo results, PFOS significantly decreased testosterone secretion, CRTC2/StAR expression, interaction between CREB and CRTC2 and binding of CREB/CRTC2 to StAR promoter region, paralleled by increase in phosphorylated-p38, PKA, and CREB expression. Meanwhile, inhibition of p38 by SB203580, or inhibition of PKA by H89 can significantly alleviate the above PFOS-induced effects. As such, the present study highlights a role of the CREB/CRTC2/StAR signaling pathway in PFOS-induced suppression of testosterone biosynthesis, advancing our understanding of molecular mechanisms for PFOS-induced male reproductive disorders.
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Duan X, Wang W, Wang Q, Sui X, Li N, Chang L. Electrocatalytic degradation of perfluoroocatane sulfonate (PFOS) on a 3D graphene-lead dioxide (3DG-PbO 2) composite anode: Electrode characterization, degradation mechanism and toxicity. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 260:127587. [PMID: 32663673 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In this work, a three-dimension grapnene-PbO2 (3DG-PbO2) composite anode was prepared using coelectrodeposition technology for electrocatalytic oxidation of perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS). The effect of 3DG on the surface morphology, structure and electrocatalytic activity of PbO2 electrode was investigated. The results indicated that the 3DG-PbO2-0.08 anode (3DG concentration in electrodeposition solution was 0.08 g L-1) possessed the best electrocatalytic activity due to its stronger ·OH radicals generation capacity, more active sites and smaller charge-transfer resistance. The degradation rate constant of PFOS on 3DG-PbO2-0.08 anode was 2.33 times than that of pure PbO2 anode. Additionally, the by-products formed in electrocatalytic degradation of PFOS were identified and a PFOS degradation pathway was proposed accordingly, which was dominated by the dissociation of -CF2- groups via the attack of ·OH radicals. Finally, the toxicity evolution of degradation solution was examined to evaluate the ecological risk of electrocatalytic oxidation of PFOS by acute toxicity assays to zebrafish embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyue Duan
- Key Laboratory of Preparation and Applications of Environmental Friendly Materials (Jilin Normal University), Ministry of Education, Changchun, 130103, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Materials and Pollution Control (Jilin Normal University), Education Department of Jilin Province, Siping, 136000, China.
| | - Weiyi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Preparation and Applications of Environmental Friendly Materials (Jilin Normal University), Ministry of Education, Changchun, 130103, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Materials and Pollution Control (Jilin Normal University), Education Department of Jilin Province, Siping, 136000, China
| | - Xinyu Sui
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Materials and Pollution Control (Jilin Normal University), Education Department of Jilin Province, Siping, 136000, China
| | - Na Li
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Materials and Pollution Control (Jilin Normal University), Education Department of Jilin Province, Siping, 136000, China
| | - Limin Chang
- Key Laboratory of Preparation and Applications of Environmental Friendly Materials (Jilin Normal University), Ministry of Education, Changchun, 130103, China.
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Jabeen M, Fayyaz M, Irudayaraj J. Epigenetic Modifications, and Alterations in Cell Cycle and Apoptosis Pathway in A549 Lung Carcinoma Cell Line upon Exposure to Perfluoroalkyl Substances. TOXICS 2020; 8:toxics8040112. [PMID: 33238432 PMCID: PMC7711517 DOI: 10.3390/toxics8040112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are a group of human-made compounds with strong C-F bonds, and have been used in various manufacturing industries for decades. PFAS have been reported to deleterious effect on human health, which has led to studies identifying the possible toxicity and toxicity routes of these compounds. We report that these compounds have the potential to cause epigenetic modifications, and to induce dysregulation in the cell proliferation cycle as well as apoptosis in A549 lung cancer cells when exposed to 10-, 200- and 400 μM concentrations of each compound. Our studies show that exposure to perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) may cause hypomethylation in the epigenome, but changes in the epigenetic makeup are not evident upon exposure to GenX. We establish that exposure to lower doses of these compounds causes the cells' balance to shift to cell proliferation, whereas exposure to higher concentrations shifts the balance more towards apoptosis. Furthermore, the apoptosis pathway upon exposure to GenX, PFOA, and PFOS has also been identified. Our findings suggest that exposure to any of these compounds may have profound effects in patients with pre-existing lung conditions or could trigger lung cancinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Musarrat Jabeen
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; (M.J.); (M.F.)
- Biomedical Research Centre (BRC) at Mills Breast Cancer Institute, Carle Foundation Hospital, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Cancer Centre at Illinois (CCIL), University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Muhammad Fayyaz
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; (M.J.); (M.F.)
- Biomedical Research Centre (BRC) at Mills Breast Cancer Institute, Carle Foundation Hospital, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Cancer Centre at Illinois (CCIL), University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Joseph Irudayaraj
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; (M.J.); (M.F.)
- Biomedical Research Centre (BRC) at Mills Breast Cancer Institute, Carle Foundation Hospital, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Cancer Centre at Illinois (CCIL), University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Nick Holonyak Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Carl R. Woese Institute of Genomic Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +217-300-0525
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Wang G, Jiao T, Xu Y, Li D, Si Q, Hao J, Zhao J, Zhang H, Chen W. Bifidobacterium adolescentis and Lactobacillus rhamnosus alleviate non-alcoholic fatty liver disease induced by a high-fat, high-cholesterol diet through modulation of different gut microbiota-dependent pathways. Food Funct 2020; 11:6115-6127. [PMID: 32573567 DOI: 10.1039/c9fo02905b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has increased year on year, and the increasing appreciation of the importance of gut microbiota provides novel therapeutic avenues for the treatment of NAFLD. To explore the similarities and differences between lactic acid bacteria (LAB) known to alleviate NAFLD, we selected three strains of Bifidobacterium adolescentis and three strains of Lactobacillus rhamnosus to administer to C57BL/6J mice on a high-fat, high-cholesterol diet (HFHCD) for 23 weeks. Subsequently, the effects of the LAB were evaluated through various measures. The six LAB strains were found to have varying degrees of efficacy in the prevention of NAFLD. We found that there were interspecific and intraspecific differences in the beneficial effects, mainly with respect to energy metabolism, lipid metabolism and short-chain fatty acid concentration. Three strains of B. adolescentis and one strain of L. rhamnosus were found to relieve NAFLD by increasing the concentration of short-chain fatty acids in the intestine of NAFLD mice. The other two strains of L. rhamnosus, LGG and L10-1, relieved NAFLD through different ways, LGG modulated energy metabolism and lipid metabolism, and L10-1 reduced liver inflammation. Examination of gut microbiota indicated that the six LAB strains could block the HFHCD-induced elevation of Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes and alter the dominant species within the gut. These results suggest that B. adolescentis and L. rhamnosus can inhibit the development of NAFLD by regulating gut microbiota, and their use is thus a promising therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, P. R. China.
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36
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Qin WP, Cao LY, Li CH, Guo LH, Colbourne J, Ren XM. Perfluoroalkyl Substances Stimulate Insulin Secretion by Islet β Cells via G Protein-Coupled Receptor 40. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:3428-3436. [PMID: 32092270 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b07295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The potential causal relationship between exposure to environmental contaminants and diabetes is troubling. Exposure of perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) is found to be associated with hyperinsulinemia and the enhancement of insulin secretion by islet β cells in humans, but the underlying mechanism is still unclear. Here, by combining in vivo studies with both wild type and gene knockout mice and in vitro studies with mouse islet β cells (β-TC-6), we demonstrated clearly that 1 h exposure of perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS) stimulated insulin secretion and intracellular calcium level by activating G protein-coupled receptor 40 (GPR40), a vital free fatty acid regulated membrane receptor on islet β cells. We further showed that the observed effects of PFASs on the mouse model may also exist in humans by investigating the molecular binding interaction of PFASs with human GPR40. We thus provided evidence for a novel mechanism for how insulin-secretion is disrupted by PFASs in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Ping Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Eco-toxicology, Research Center for Eco-environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 18 Shuangqing Road, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Lin-Ying Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Eco-toxicology, Research Center for Eco-environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 18 Shuangqing Road, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Chuan-Hai Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Eco-toxicology, Research Center for Eco-environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 18 Shuangqing Road, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Liang-Hong Guo
- Institute of Environmental and Health Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, China
| | - John Colbourne
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, U.K
| | - Xiao-Min Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Eco-toxicology, Research Center for Eco-environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 18 Shuangqing Road, Beijing 100085, China
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Guillette TC, McCord J, Guillette M, Polera ME, Rachels KT, Morgeson C, Kotlarz N, Knappe DRU, Reading BJ, Strynar M, Belcher SM. Elevated levels of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in Cape Fear River Striped Bass (Morone saxatilis) are associated with biomarkers of altered immune and liver function. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2020; 136:105358. [PMID: 32044175 PMCID: PMC7064817 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.105358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are anthropogenic chemicals of concern that persist in the environment. Environmental monitoring revealed high concentrations of hexafluoropropylene oxide dimer acid (HFPO-DA) and other novel PFAS in the lower Cape Fear River; however, there is limited information on PFAS exposures and effects of this contamination on aquatic biota. Serum concentrations of 23 PFAS in Striped Bass (Morone saxatilis) from the Cape Fear River (n = 58) and a reference population from an aquaculture laboratory on the Pamlico/Tar watershed (n = 29) were quantified using liquid chromatography and high-resolution mass spectrometry, and correlations between PFAS concentrations and health-related serum biomarkers were evaluated. Perfluorooctane sulfonate, the predominant PFAS in Cape Fear River Striped Bass serum, was detectable in every sample with serum concentrations reaching 977 ng/mL. Perfluorononanoic and perfluorodecanoic acid were also detected in all samples, with perfluorohexanesulfonic acid present in >98% of the samples. HFPO-DA (range <0.24-5.85 ng/mL) and Nafion byproduct 2 (range <0.2-1.03 ng/mL) were detected in 48% and 78% of samples, respectively. The mean total PFAS concentration found in domestic Striped Bass raised in well-water under controlled aquaculture conditions was 40 times lower, with HPFO-DA detected in 10% of the samples, and Nafion byproduct 2 was not detected. The elevated PFAS concentrations found in the Cape Fear River Striped Bass were associated with biomarkers of alterations in the liver and immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- T C Guillette
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States; Center for Human Health and the Environment, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - James McCord
- Watershed and Ecosystem Characterization Division, Center for Environmental Measurement and Modeling, ORD, US EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States
| | - Matthew Guillette
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - M E Polera
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Kyle T Rachels
- North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission, Inland Fisheries Division Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Clint Morgeson
- North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission, Inland Fisheries Division Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Nadine Kotlarz
- Center for Human Health and the Environment, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States; Department of Civil, Construction, and Environmental Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Detlef R U Knappe
- Center for Human Health and the Environment, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States; Department of Civil, Construction, and Environmental Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Benjamin J Reading
- Department of Applied Ecology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Mark Strynar
- Watershed and Ecosystem Characterization Division, Center for Environmental Measurement and Modeling, ORD, US EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States
| | - Scott M Belcher
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States; Center for Human Health and the Environment, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States.
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Yu Y, Wang C, Zhang X, Zhu J, Wang L, Ji M, Zhang Z, Ji XM, Wang SL. Perfluorooctane sulfonate disrupts the blood brain barrier through the crosstalk between endothelial cells and astrocytes in mice. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 256:113429. [PMID: 31706766 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Revised: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), a classic environmental pollutant, is reported to accumulate in brain and induce neurotoxicity. However, little is known the route and mechanism of its entrance in brain. In the present study, ICR mice were treated with PFOS for 28 days, the cerebral PFOS were measured and the morphological and ultrastructural changes of blood-brain barrier (BBB) were observed. Also, the expression and localization of the proteins related to the cerebral damages, tight junctions (TJs) and p38 activation were detected. Additionally, U87 cells were used to explore the role of p38 in PFOS-induced damages of astrocytes. PFOS significantly decreased the expression of TJ-related proteins (ZO-1, Claudin-5, Claudin-11, Occludin) in endothelial cells and disrupted BBB, which subsequently led PFOS to astrocytes and increased the expression of the proteins related to astrocytic damages (Aquaporin 4 and S100β). These results aggravated BBB disruption and further increased the cerebral PFOS levels. Besides, phosphorylated p38 activation was involved into PFOS-induced astrocytic damages in vivo and in vitro. In conclusion, the crosstalk between endothelial cells and astrocytes facilitated the BBB disruption and increased the accumulation of PFOS in brain. Our findings provided a new insight into the toxicological and physiological profiles of PFOS-induced neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongquan Yu
- Key Lab of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211166, PR China; State Key Lab of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211166, PR China
| | - Chao Wang
- Key Lab of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211166, PR China; State Key Lab of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211166, PR China
| | - Xuhui Zhang
- Key Lab of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211166, PR China
| | - Jiansheng Zhu
- Key Lab of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211166, PR China; State Key Lab of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211166, PR China
| | - Li Wang
- Key Lab of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211166, PR China
| | - Minghui Ji
- Key Lab of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211166, PR China
| | - Zhan Zhang
- Key Lab of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211166, PR China
| | - Xiao-Ming Ji
- Key Lab of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211166, PR China
| | - Shou-Lin Wang
- Key Lab of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211166, PR China; State Key Lab of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211166, PR China.
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Wang C, Zhang Y, Deng M, Wang X, Tu W, Fu Z, Jin Y. Bioaccumulation in the gut and liver causes gut barrier dysfunction and hepatic metabolism disorder in mice after exposure to low doses of OBS. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2019; 129:279-290. [PMID: 31146162 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.05.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Revised: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The compound sodium ρ-perfluorous nonenoxybenzene sulfonate (OBS), a new kind of perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl compound, is a surfactant for increasing oil production, and it has been widely detected in various organisms. Because of its wide use, OBS is detectable in the environment. However, knowledge about the biological toxicity of OBS to animals is very limited. Here, male mice were exposed to 0, 0.1, 1 or 10 μg/L of OBS for 6 weeks via drinking water. It was demonstrated that OBS was highly bioaccumulated both in the liver and gut in the mice after low doses of OBS exposure. Curiously, a low dose of OBS exposure also caused gut barrier dysfunction by decreasing mucus secretion and altering Ionic transport in the gut via the CFTR pathway. In addition, liver function was influenced by OBS at both the histopathological and physiological levels. Hepatic transcriptomics and metabolomics analysis showed a total of 1157 genes, and multiple metabolites changed significantly in the livers of mice exposed to low-dose OBS for 6 weeks. The functions of these changed genes and metabolites are tightly related to glycolysis, fatty acid synthesis, fatty acid transport, and β-oxidation. All these results indicate that the liver and gut are important target tissues for OBS exposure. Importantly, it is possible that high levels of bioaccumulation of OBS in the gut and liver might directly cause gut barrier dysfunction and hepatic metabolism disorder in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caiyun Wang
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Mi Deng
- Research Institute of Poyang Lake, Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanchang 330029, China
| | - Xia Wang
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Wenqing Tu
- Research Institute of Poyang Lake, Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanchang 330029, China.
| | - Zhengwei Fu
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Yuanxiang Jin
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China.
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Dong Z, Wang H, Yu YY, Li YB, Naidu R, Liu Y. Using 2003-2014 U.S. NHANES data to determine the associations between per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances and cholesterol: Trend and implications. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 173:461-468. [PMID: 30798190 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.02.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Revised: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2019] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) is a major concern due to their widespread occurrence and adverse health outcomes. The possible binding of PFASs to peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) and nuclear receptors raises concerns that PFASs may impact cholesterol levels in human. In this study, the U.S. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data were employed to address the temporal trend for PFAS concentrations in biomonitoring and associations between cholesterol levels and PFAS exposure. Compared to the PFAS levels in 2003-2004, the median perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS), perfluorohexane sulfonic acid (PFHxS) and perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA) levels in human serum in 2013-2014 decreased from 3.7 to 1.8 ng/mL, 19.2-4.7 ng/mL, 1.7 ng/mL to 1.3 ng/mL and 0.8 ng/mL to 0.6 ng/mL, respectively. Also, an estimate of 1.5 ± 0.7 mg/dL (95% confidence interval: 0.2 - 2.8) and 0.4 ± 0.2 mg/dL (95% confidence interval: 0.1 - 0.6) total cholesterol increases for unit PFOA and PFOS increase (ng/mL), respectively. By using hybrid approach, RfDs were estimated to be 2.0 ng PFOS/kg per day and 0.8 ng PFOA/kg per day. However, it should be cautious when using proposed RfDs based on data obtained from cross-sectional datasets, especially evidence based on data originating from experimental or animal studies is still controversial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaomin Dong
- School of Space and Environment, Beihang University, China; Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment (CRC CARE), Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Hao Wang
- School of Space and Environment, Beihang University, China
| | - Yan Yan Yu
- Shandong Institute for Food and Drug Control, Jinan 250101, China
| | - Yu Biao Li
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Ravi Naidu
- Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment (CRC CARE), Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; Global Centre for Environmental Remediation, Faculty of Science and Information Technology, University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Yanju Liu
- Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment (CRC CARE), Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; Global Centre for Environmental Remediation, Faculty of Science and Information Technology, University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia.
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41
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Knutsen HK, Alexander J, Barregård L, Bignami M, Brüschweiler B, Ceccatelli S, Cottrill B, Dinovi M, Edler L, Grasl-Kraupp B, Hogstrand C, Hoogenboom LR, Nebbia CS, Oswald IP, Petersen A, Rose M, Roudot AC, Vleminckx C, Vollmer G, Wallace H, Bodin L, Cravedi JP, Halldorsson TI, Haug LS, Johansson N, van Loveren H, Gergelova P, Mackay K, Levorato S, van Manen M, Schwerdtle T. Risk to human health related to the presence of perfluorooctane sulfonic acid and perfluorooctanoic acid in food. EFSA J 2018; 16:e05194. [PMID: 32625773 PMCID: PMC7009575 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2018.5194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The European Commission asked EFSA for a scientific evaluation on the risks to human health related to the presence of perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) in food. Regarding PFOS and PFOA occurrence, the final data set available for dietary exposure assessment contained a total of 20,019 analytical results (PFOS n = 10,191 and PFOA n = 9,828). There were large differences between upper and lower bound exposure due to analytical methods with insufficient sensitivity. The CONTAM Panel considered the lower bound estimates to be closer to true exposure levels. Important contributors to the lower bound mean chronic exposure were 'Fish and other seafood', 'Meat and meat products' and 'Eggs and egg products', for PFOS, and 'Milk and dairy products', 'Drinking water' and 'Fish and other seafood' for PFOA. PFOS and PFOA are readily absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract, excreted in urine and faeces, and do not undergo metabolism. Estimated human half-lives for PFOS and PFOA are about 5 years and 2-4 years, respectively. The derivation of a health-based guidance value was based on human epidemiological studies. For PFOS, the increase in serum total cholesterol in adults, and the decrease in antibody response at vaccination in children were identified as the critical effects. For PFOA, the increase in serum total cholesterol was the critical effect. Also reduced birth weight (for both compounds) and increased prevalence of high serum levels of the liver enzyme alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (for PFOA) were considered. After benchmark modelling of serum levels of PFOS and PFOA, and estimating the corresponding daily intakes, the CONTAM Panel established a tolerable weekly intake (TWI) of 13 ng/kg body weight (bw) per week for PFOS and 6 ng/kg bw per week for PFOA. For both compounds, exposure of a considerable proportion of the population exceeds the proposed TWIs.
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42
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Knutsen HK, Alexander J, Barregård L, Bignami M, Brüschweiler B, Ceccatelli S, Cottrill B, Dinovi M, Edler L, Grasl-Kraupp B, Hogstrand C, Hoogenboom LR, Nebbia CS, Oswald IP, Petersen A, Rose M, Roudot AC, Vleminckx C, Vollmer G, Wallace H, Bodin L, Cravedi JP, Halldorsson TI, Haug LS, Johansson N, van Loveren H, Gergelova P, Mackay K, Levorato S, van Manen M, Schwerdtle T. Risk to human health related to the presence of perfluorooctane sulfonic acid and perfluorooctanoic acid in food. EFSA J 2018. [PMID: 32625773 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2018.5194">10.2903/j.efsa.2018.5194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [10.2903/j.efsa.2018.5194','32625773', '10.1016/j.envpol.2015.12.008')">Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/20/2023] Open
10.2903/j.efsa.2018.5194" />
Abstract
The European Commission asked EFSA for a scientific evaluation on the risks to human health related to the presence of perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) in food. Regarding PFOS and PFOA occurrence, the final data set available for dietary exposure assessment contained a total of 20,019 analytical results (PFOS n = 10,191 and PFOA n = 9,828). There were large differences between upper and lower bound exposure due to analytical methods with insufficient sensitivity. The CONTAM Panel considered the lower bound estimates to be closer to true exposure levels. Important contributors to the lower bound mean chronic exposure were 'Fish and other seafood', 'Meat and meat products' and 'Eggs and egg products', for PFOS, and 'Milk and dairy products', 'Drinking water' and 'Fish and other seafood' for PFOA. PFOS and PFOA are readily absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract, excreted in urine and faeces, and do not undergo metabolism. Estimated human half-lives for PFOS and PFOA are about 5 years and 2-4 years, respectively. The derivation of a health-based guidance value was based on human epidemiological studies. For PFOS, the increase in serum total cholesterol in adults, and the decrease in antibody response at vaccination in children were identified as the critical effects. For PFOA, the increase in serum total cholesterol was the critical effect. Also reduced birth weight (for both compounds) and increased prevalence of high serum levels of the liver enzyme alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (for PFOA) were considered. After benchmark modelling of serum levels of PFOS and PFOA, and estimating the corresponding daily intakes, the CONTAM Panel established a tolerable weekly intake (TWI) of 13 ng/kg body weight (bw) per week for PFOS and 6 ng/kg bw per week for PFOA. For both compounds, exposure of a considerable proportion of the population exceeds the proposed TWIs.
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43
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Zhang H, Zhou X, Sheng N, Cui R, Cui Q, Guo H, Guo Y, Sun Y, Dai J. Subchronic Hepatotoxicity Effects of 6:2 Chlorinated Polyfluorinated Ether Sulfonate (6:2 Cl-PFESA), a Novel Perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS) Alternative, on Adult Male Mice. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2018; 52:12809-12818. [PMID: 30256107 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b04368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The compound 6:2 chlorinated polyfluorinated ether sulfonate (6:2 Cl-PFESA), an alternative to perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS) in the metal-plating industry, has been widely detected in various environmental matrices. However, its hepatotoxicity has yet to be clarified. Here, male mice were exposed to 0.04, 0.2, or 1 mg/kg/day of 6:2 Cl-PFESA for 56 days. Results demonstrated that relative liver weight increased significantly in the 0.2 and 1 mg/kg/day 6:2 Cl-PFESA groups, whereas liver lipid accumulation increased in all 6:2 Cl-PFESA groups. Serum enzyme activities of alanine transaminase and alkaline phosphatase were increased. Serum triglycerides and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol both increased, whereas serum total cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol decreased following 6:2 Cl-PFESA exposure. A total of 264 differentially expressed proteins (127 up-regulated and 137 down-regulated), mainly involved in lipid metabolism, xenobiotic metabolism, and ribosome biogenesis, were identified by quantitative proteomics. Bioinformatics analysis highlighted the de-regulation of PPAR and PXR, which may contribute to the hepatotoxicity of 6:2 Cl-PFESA. Additionally, 6:2 Cl-PFESA induced both cell apoptosis and proliferation in the mouse liver. Compared to the overt toxicity of PFOS, 6:2 Cl-PFESA exhibited more-serious hepatotoxicity. Thus, caution should be exercised in the application of 6:2 Cl-PFESA as a replacement alternative to PFOS in industrial areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxia Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology , Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100101 , China
| | - Xiujuan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology , Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100101 , China
| | - Nan Sheng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology , Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100101 , China
| | - Ruina Cui
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology , Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100101 , China
| | - Qianqian Cui
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology , Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100101 , China
| | - Hua Guo
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology , Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100101 , China
| | - Yong Guo
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry , Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 200032 , China
| | - Yan Sun
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry , Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 200032 , China
| | - Jiayin Dai
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology , Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100101 , China
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44
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Nrf2 Signaling Elicits a Neuroprotective Role Against PFOS-mediated Oxidative Damage and Apoptosis. Neurochem Res 2018; 43:2446-2459. [DOI: 10.1007/s11064-018-2672-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Revised: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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45
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Lv Z, Wu W, Ge S, Jia R, Lin T, Yuan Y, Kuang H, Yang B, Wu L, Wei J, Zhang D. Naringin protects against perfluorooctane sulfonate-induced liver injury by modulating NRF2 and NF-κB in mice. Int Immunopharmacol 2018; 65:140-147. [PMID: 30316072 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2018.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Revised: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), a persistent organic pollutant, has been demonstrated to cause multiple toxicities. In this study, we explored the role of naringin (Nar) in alleviating PFOS-caused mouse liver injury and its potential mechanisms. Male mice were intragastrically administered PFOS (10 mg/kg/day) alone or with Nar (100 mg/kg/day) for 3 weeks. Nar supplementation led to resumption of elevated serum hepatic enzyme activities and increased relative liver weight in PFOS-challenged mice. Moreover, Nar treatment increased hepatic expression of transcription factor NRF2 protein and its regulated antioxidative enzyme genes heme oxygenase‑1, superoxide dismutase and catalase, with an inhibition of malondialdehyde and hydrogen peroxide production. Furthermore, simultaneous administration of Nar suppressed PFOS-induced elevation in NF-κB activity and generation of inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-6 in the liver. In addition, Nar enhanced anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 expression, decreased pro-apoptotic Bax expression and inhibited caspase‑3 activation in liver tissue in mice exposed to PFOS. Our results indicate that Nar protects against PFOS-induced hepatotoxicity in mice via modulating oxidative, inflammatory and apoptotic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zehui Lv
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, PR China
| | - Wenyao Wu
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, PR China
| | - Shuna Ge
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, PR China
| | - Rui Jia
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, PR China
| | - Tingting Lin
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, PR China
| | - Yangyang Yuan
- Institute of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, PR China
| | - Haibin Kuang
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, PR China
| | - Bei Yang
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, PR China
| | - Lei Wu
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, PR China
| | - Jie Wei
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, PR China
| | - Dalei Zhang
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, PR China.
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Stanifer JW, Stapleton HM, Souma T, Wittmer A, Zhao X, Boulware LE. Perfluorinated Chemicals as Emerging Environmental Threats to Kidney Health: A Scoping Review. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2018; 13:1479-1492. [PMID: 30213782 PMCID: PMC6218824 DOI: 10.2215/cjn.04670418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are a large group of manufactured nonbiodegradable compounds. Despite increasing awareness as global pollutants, the impact of PFAS exposure on human health is not well understood, and there are growing concerns for adverse effects on kidney function. Therefore, we conducted a scoping review to summarize and identify gaps in the understanding between PFAS exposure and kidney health. DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS, & MEASUREMENTS We systematically searched PubMed, EMBASE, EBSCO Global Health, World Health Organization Global Index, and Web of Science for studies published from 1990 to 2018. We included studies on the epidemiology, pharmacokinetics, or toxicology of PFAS exposure and kidney-related health, including clinical, histologic, molecular, and metabolic outcomes related to kidney disease, or outcomes related to the pharmacokinetic role of the kidneys. RESULTS We identified 74 studies, including 21 epidemiologic, 13 pharmacokinetic, and 40 toxicological studies. Three population-based epidemiologic studies demonstrated associations between PFAS exposure and lower kidney function. Along with toxicology studies (n=10) showing tubular histologic and cellular changes from PFAS exposure, pharmacokinetic studies (n=5) demonstrated the kidneys were major routes of elimination, with active proximal tubule transport. In several studies (n=17), PFAS exposure altered several pathways linked to kidney disease, including oxidative stress pathways, peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor pathways, NF-E2-related factor 2 pathways, partial epithelial mesenchymal transition, and enhanced endothelial permeability through actin filament modeling. CONCLUSIONS A growing body of evidence portends PFASs are emerging environmental threats to kidney health; yet several important gaps in our understanding still exist.
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Affiliation(s)
- John W. Stanifer
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina; and
- Duke Global Health Institute
| | | | - Tomokazu Souma
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina; and
| | | | | | - L. Ebony Boulware
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
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Sheng N, Pan Y, Guo Y, Sun Y, Dai J. Hepatotoxic Effects of Hexafluoropropylene Oxide Trimer Acid (HFPO-TA), A Novel Perfluorooctanoic Acid (PFOA) Alternative, on Mice. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2018; 52:8005-8015. [PMID: 29927593 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b01714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
As an alternative to perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), hexafluoropropylene oxide trimer acid (HFPO-TA) has been increasingly used for fluoropolymer manufacture in recent years. Its growing detection in environmental matrices and wildlife raises considerable concern about its potential health risks. Here we investigated the effects of HFPO-TA on mouse liver following 28 days of exposure to 0.02, 0.1, or 0.5 mg/kg/d of HFPO-TA via oral gavage. Results showed that HFPO-TA concentrations increased to 1.14, 4.48, and 30.8 μg/mL in serum and 12.0, 32.2, and 100 μg/g in liver, respectively. Liver injury, including hepatomegaly, necrosis, and increase in alanine aminotransferase activity, was observed. Furthermore, total cholesterol and triglycerides decreased in the liver in a dose-dependent manner. Liver transcriptome analysis revealed that 281, 1001, and 2491 genes were differentially expressed (fold change ≥2 and FDR < 0.05) in the three treated groups, respectively, compared with the control group. KEGG enrichment analysis highlighted the PPAR and chemical carcinogenesis pathways in all three treatment groups. Protein levels of genes involved in carcinogenesis, such as AFP, p21, Sirt1 C-MYC, and PCNA, were significantly increased. Compared with previously published toxicological data of PFOA, HFPO-TA showed higher bioaccumulation potential and more serious hepatotoxicity. Taken together, HFPO-TA does not appear to be a safer alternative to PFOA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Sheng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology , Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100101 , China
| | - Yitao Pan
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology , Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100101 , China
| | - Yong Guo
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry , Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 200032 , China
| | - Yan Sun
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry , Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 200032 , China
| | - Jiayin Dai
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology , Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100101 , China
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48
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Comparative hepatotoxicity of 6:2 fluorotelomer carboxylic acid and 6:2 fluorotelomer sulfonic acid, two fluorinated alternatives to long-chain perfluoroalkyl acids, on adult male mice. Arch Toxicol 2016; 91:2909-2919. [DOI: 10.1007/s00204-016-1917-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2016] [Accepted: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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49
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Qiu L, Qian Y, Liu Z, Wang C, Qu J, Wang X, Wang S. Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) disrupts blood-testis barrier by down-regulating junction proteins via p38 MAPK/ATF2/MMP9 signaling pathway. Toxicology 2016; 373:1-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2016.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2016] [Revised: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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50
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Patel R, Bradner JM, Stout KA, Caudle WM. Alteration to Dopaminergic Synapses Following Exposure to Perfluorooctane Sulfonate (PFOS), in Vitro and in Vivo. Med Sci (Basel) 2016; 4:medsci4030013. [PMID: 29083377 PMCID: PMC5635798 DOI: 10.3390/medsci4030013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Revised: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Our understanding of the contribution exposure to environmental toxicants has on neurological disease continues to evolve. Of these, Parkinson’s disease (PD) has been shown to have a strong environmental component to its etiopathogenesis. However, work is still needed to identify and characterize environmental chemicals that could alter the expression and function of the nigrostriatal dopamine system. Of particular interest is the neurotoxicological effect of perfluorinated compounds, such as perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), which has been demonstrated to alter aspects of dopamine signaling. Using in vitro approaches, we have elaborated these initial findings to demonstrate the neurotoxicity of PFOS to the SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cell line and dopaminergic primary cultured neurons. Using an in vivo model, we did not observe a deficit to dopaminergic terminals in the striatum of mice exposed to 10 mg/kg PFOS for 14 days. However, subsequent exposure to the selective dopaminergic neurotoxin, 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) significantly reduced the expression of dopamine transporter (DAT) and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), and resulted in an even greater reduction in DAT expression in animals previously exposed to PFOS. These findings suggest that PFOS is neurotoxic to the nigrostriatal dopamine circuit and this neurotoxicity could prime the dopamine terminal to more extensive damage following additional toxicological insults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Patel
- Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
| | - Joshua M Bradner
- Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
| | - Kristen A Stout
- Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
| | - William Michael Caudle
- Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
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