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Belli IM, Cavali M, Garbossa LHP, Franco D, Bayard R, de Castilhos Junior AB. A review of plastic debris in the South American Atlantic Ocean coast - Distribution, characteristics, policies and legal aspects. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 938:173197. [PMID: 38772490 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
The presence of plastics in the oceans has already become a pervasive phenomenon. Marine pollution by plastics surpasses the status of an emerging threat to become a well-established environmental problem, boosting research on this topic. However, despite many studies on the main seas and oceans, it is necessary to compile information on the South American Atlantic Ocean Coast to identify the lack of research and expand knowledge on marine plastic pollution in this region. Accordingly, this paper conducted an in-depth review of monitoring methods, sampling, and identification of macroplastics and microplastics (MPs) in water, sediments, and biota, including information on legal requirements from different countries as well as non-governmental initiatives. Brazil was the country with the highest number of published papers, followed by Argentina. MPs accounted for 75 % of the papers selected, with blue microfibers being the most common morphology, whereas PE and PP were the most abundant polymers. Also, a lack of standardization in the methodologies used was identified; however, the sites with the highest concentrations of MPs were the Bahía Blanca Estuary (Argentina), Guanabara Bay (Brazil), and Todos os Santos Bay (Brazil), regardless of the method applied. Regarding legislation, Uruguay and Argentina have the most advanced policies in the region against marine plastic pollution due to their emphasis on the life cycle and the national ban on certain single-use plastics. Therefore, considering its content, this expert review can be useful to assist researchers dealing with plastic pollution along the South American Atlantic Ocean Coast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Marcon Belli
- Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina, 88040-900 Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil.
| | - Matheus Cavali
- Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina, 88040-900 Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | | | - Davide Franco
- Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina, 88040-900 Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Rémy Bayard
- INSA Lyon, DEEP, UR7429, 69621 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Armando Borges de Castilhos Junior
- Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina, 88040-900 Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
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García-Regalado A, Herrera A, Almeda R. Microplastic and mesoplastic pollution in surface waters and beaches of the Canary Islands: A review. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2024; 201:116230. [PMID: 38479326 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2024.116230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
The Canary Archipelago is a group of volcanic islands located in the North Atlantic Ocean with high marine biodiversity. This archipelago intercepts the Canary Current, the easternmost branch of the Azores Current in the North Atlantic Subtropical Gyre, which brings large amounts of litter from remote sources via oceanic transportation. It is, therefore, particularly vulnerable to marine plastic pollution. Here, we present a review of the available studies on mesoplastics and microplastics in the Canary Islands over the last decade to evaluate the level and distribution of plastic pollution in this archipelago. Specifically, we focused on data from beaches and surface waters to assess the pollution level among the different islands as well as between windward and leeward zones, and the main characteristics (size, type, colour, and polymer) of the plastics found in the Canary Islands. The concentrations of meso- and MPs on beaches ranged from 1.5 to 2972 items/m2 with a mean of 381 ± 721 items/m2. The concentration of MPs (>200 μm) in surface waters was highly variable with mean values of 998 × 103 ± 3364 × 103 items/km2 and 10 ± 31 items/m3. Plastic pollution in windward beaches was one order of magnitude significantly higher than in leeward beaches. The accumulation of MPs in surface waters was higher in the leeward zones of the high-elevation islands, corresponding to the Special Areas of Conservation (ZECs) and where the presence of marine litter windrows (MLW) has been reported. Microplastic fragments of polyethylene of the colour category "white/clear/uncoloured" were the most common type of plastic reported in both beaches and surface waters. More studies on the occurrence of MLW in ZECS and plastic pollution in the water column and sediments, including small-size fractions (<200 μm), are needed to better assess the level of plastic pollution and its fate in the Canary Islands. Overall, this review confirms that the Canary Archipelago is a hotspot of oceanic plastic pollution, with concentrations of MPs in surface waters in the highest range reported for oceanic islands and one of the highest recorded mean concentrations of beached meso- and microplastics in the world.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alicia Herrera
- EOMAR, ECOAQUA, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Rodrigo Almeda
- EOMAR, ECOAQUA, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain.
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Kosore C, Waiyaki E, Kimanga F. Assessing the impact of banning the single-use plastic carrier bags: a case study for Kenyan marine environment looking at macro, meso, and microplastics. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2024; 196:329. [PMID: 38424357 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-024-12473-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Poor waste management and unsustainable institutional and individual behaviors, have led to the accumulation of plastic litter in many habitats worldwide. Assessment of plastic pollution in Kenyan marine environment was conducted focusing on the impact of banning the single-use plastic carrier bags in Kenya. The quantification, composition, and distribution of plastics were determined at nine (9) beaches along Kenyan coastline using standing stock method. A total of 750 plastic items were collected and categorized with only 47 pieces being single-use plastic carrier bags. A great number of plastics (n = 383), were identified by their original use, with packaging plastics being the most common (n = 155). Macroplastics were the overall dominant plastics at 76%, mesoplastics, 21% and microplastics, 3%, which were altogether dominated by low-density polyethylene (LDPE) at (46%), followed by polypropylene (PP), 30%; polyethylene tetraphthalate (PET), 9%; polyvinyl chloride (PVC), 8%; and polystyrene (PS), 7%. The absence of identifiable single-use plastic carrier bags in 6 out of 9 beaches signified the effectiveness of the ban in Kenya. Monitoring of trends and sources of plastic debris is encouraged to help enhance the science-policy linkage aimed at reducing marine plastic pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles Kosore
- Department of Oceanography and Hydrography, Directorate of Ocean and Coastal Systems and Blue Economy, Kenya Marine and Fisheries Research Institute, P.O. Box 81651-80100, Mombasa, Kenya.
| | - Edward Waiyaki
- Directorate of Socio-Economics, Kenya Marine and Fisheries Research Institute, P.O. Box 81651-80100, Mombasa, Kenya
| | - Faith Kimanga
- Directorate of Socio-Economics, Kenya Marine and Fisheries Research Institute, P.O. Box 81651-80100, Mombasa, Kenya
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Kudzin MH, Piwowarska D, Festinger N, Chruściel JJ. Risks Associated with the Presence of Polyvinyl Chloride in the Environment and Methods for Its Disposal and Utilization. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 17:173. [PMID: 38204025 PMCID: PMC10779931 DOI: 10.3390/ma17010173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Plastics have recently become an indispensable part of everyone's daily life due to their versatility, durability, light weight, and low production costs. The increasing production and use of plastics poses great environmental problems due to their incomplete utilization, a very long period of biodegradation, and a negative impact on living organisms. Decomposing plastics lead to the formation of microplastics, which accumulate in the environment and living organisms, becoming part of the food chain. The contamination of soils and water with poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) seriously threatens ecosystems around the world. Their durability and low weight make microplastic particles easily transported through water or air, ending up in the soil. Thus, the problem of microplastic pollution affects the entire ecosystem. Since microplastics are commonly found in both drinking and bottled water, humans are also exposed to their harmful effects. Because of existing risks associated with the PVC microplastic contamination of the ecosystem, intensive research is underway to develop methods to clean and remove it from the environment. The pollution of the environment with plastic, and especially microplastic, results in the reduction of both water and soil resources used for agricultural and utility purposes. This review provides an overview of PVC's environmental impact and its disposal options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin H. Kudzin
- Łukasiewicz Research Network—Lodz Institute of Technology, 19/27 Marii Sklodowskiej-Curie Str., 90-570 Łódź, Poland; (M.H.K.); (D.P.); (N.F.)
- Circular Economy Center (BCG), Environmental Protection Engineering Research Group, Brzezińska 5/15, 92-103 Łódź, Poland
| | - Dominika Piwowarska
- Łukasiewicz Research Network—Lodz Institute of Technology, 19/27 Marii Sklodowskiej-Curie Str., 90-570 Łódź, Poland; (M.H.K.); (D.P.); (N.F.)
- Doctoral School of Exact and Natural Sciences, University of Lodz, 21/23 Jana Matejki Str., 90-237 Łódź, Poland
- UNESCO Chair on Ecohydrology and Applied Ecology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 12/16 Banacha Str., 90-232 Łódź, Poland
- European Regional Centre for Ecohydrology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Tylna Str., 90-364 Łódź, Poland
| | - Natalia Festinger
- Łukasiewicz Research Network—Lodz Institute of Technology, 19/27 Marii Sklodowskiej-Curie Str., 90-570 Łódź, Poland; (M.H.K.); (D.P.); (N.F.)
- Circular Economy Center (BCG), Environmental Protection Engineering Research Group, Brzezińska 5/15, 92-103 Łódź, Poland
| | - Jerzy J. Chruściel
- Łukasiewicz Research Network—Lodz Institute of Technology, 19/27 Marii Sklodowskiej-Curie Str., 90-570 Łódź, Poland; (M.H.K.); (D.P.); (N.F.)
- Circular Economy Center (BCG), Environmental Protection Engineering Research Group, Brzezińska 5/15, 92-103 Łódź, Poland
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Oliveira LGD, Hattori GY, Sant'Anna BS. Microplastic contamination in bathing areas in the Central Amazon, Itacoatiara, Brazil. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:117748-117758. [PMID: 37875761 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-30509-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
Due to the visible abundance of plastic improperly disposed of in the environment, the number of investigations has increased worldwide in different water bodies and biota. Despite this, studies of contamination by microplastics in freshwater environments in the Amazon are scarce. This study investigated microplastic contamination in sediment samples of bathing areas in the Central Amazon, in Itacoatiara, Amazonas, Brazil. A total of 202 microplastic particles were recorded in the five investigated areas that are used for recreation. These results indicate no significant difference in the number of microplastic particles among the establishments; however, the size of the microplastic particles differed significantly between the establishments. Both blue and red microplastic particles were recorded, with blue particles being the most abundant. The microplastic particles were in the form of fibers and fragments. The number of microplastic particles was significantly different between the areas within and adjacent to the bathing areas, though the size of the microplastic particles was not significantly different in the areas within and adjacent to the bathing areas. There was no significant correlation in the establishments in regard to their frequency of use and contamination (number of microplastic particles). This is the first study that indicates the anthropogenic impacts associated with microplastic contamination in recreation areas within the Amazon Forest, an area considered by the world to be of vital importance for conservation. The results of this study indicate that microplastics are present in these bathing areas of the Central Amazon and that contamination in areas used for recreation may be significantly higher than in areas not used for this purpose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leovando Gama de Oliveira
- Federal University of Amazonas (UFAM), Institute of Exact Science and Technology (ICET), Postgraduate Program in Science and Technology for Amazonian Resources (PPGCTRA), Rua Nossa Senhora do Rosário, No. 3863, São Jorge, Itacoatiara, AM, 69103-128, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Yomar Hattori
- Federal University of Amazonas (UFAM), Institute of Exact Science and Technology (ICET), Postgraduate Program in Science and Technology for Amazonian Resources (PPGCTRA), Rua Nossa Senhora do Rosário, No. 3863, São Jorge, Itacoatiara, AM, 69103-128, Brazil
| | - Bruno Sampaio Sant'Anna
- Federal University of Amazonas (UFAM), Institute of Exact Science and Technology (ICET), Postgraduate Program in Science and Technology for Amazonian Resources (PPGCTRA), Rua Nossa Senhora do Rosário, No. 3863, São Jorge, Itacoatiara, AM, 69103-128, Brazil.
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Hines E, Jaubet ML, Cuello GV, Elías R, Garaffo GV. Macro-, meso- and microplastic abundance in sandy beaches and factors influencing their distribution in an SW Atlantic resort. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 190:106104. [PMID: 37467588 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2023.106104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
The present study recorded the abundance of plastic debris in marine sediments of tourist beaches in the Southwest Atlantic (Argentina). We aimed to determine the abundance of macro-, meso- and microplastics in different beaches, considering different anthropogenic and natural factors. Generalized Linear Mixed Models (GLMMs) were performed and the explanatory factors were: Beach Morphology; Grain Size; Recreational Use Level; Continental Water Discharge, Location, Distance Urban Centre and Season. The Continental Water Discharge was the factor responsible for the highest abundance of plastic debris on the beach surface. Beaches with fine granulometry, between groins, with high to very high intensity of recreational use, tend to accumulate and/or retain greater amounts of plastic debris. The seasonal factor influences the abundance of plastic waste in the central zone between the pre-summer and post-summer seasons, despite the cleaning effect of the city goverment. In beaches with greater anthropogenic pressure, the influence of this factor on the abundance of litter is altered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emiliano Hines
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras, (IIMyC), Facultad de Ciencias, Exactas y Naturales (FCEyN), Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata (UNMdP), Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y T´ecnicas (CONICET), CC1260, 7600, Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - María L Jaubet
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras, (IIMyC), Facultad de Ciencias, Exactas y Naturales (FCEyN), Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata (UNMdP), Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y T´ecnicas (CONICET), CC1260, 7600, Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Graciela V Cuello
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras, (IIMyC), Facultad de Ciencias, Exactas y Naturales (FCEyN), Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata (UNMdP), Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y T´ecnicas (CONICET), CC1260, 7600, Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Rodolfo Elías
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras, (IIMyC), Facultad de Ciencias, Exactas y Naturales (FCEyN), Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata (UNMdP), Argentina
| | - Griselda V Garaffo
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras, (IIMyC), Facultad de Ciencias, Exactas y Naturales (FCEyN), Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata (UNMdP), Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y T´ecnicas (CONICET), CC1260, 7600, Mar del Plata, Argentina.
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Barhoumi B, Metian M, Zaghden H, Derouiche A, Ben Ameur W, Ben Hassine S, Oberhaensli F, Mora J, Mourgkogiannis N, Al-Rawabdeh AM, Chouba L, Alonso-Hernández CM, Karapanagioti HK, Driss MR, Mliki A, Touil S. Microplastic-sorbed persistent organic pollutants in coastal Mediterranean Sea areas of Tunisia. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2023; 25:1347-1364. [PMID: 37401332 DOI: 10.1039/d3em00169e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) are emerging pollutants of global concern due to their pervasiveness, high sorption ability for persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and direct and indirect toxicity to marine organisms, ecosystems, as well as humans. As one of the major coastal interfaces, beaches are considered among the most affected ecosystems by MPs pollution. The morphological characteristics of MPs (pellets and fragments) collected from four beaches along the Tunisian coast and sorbed POPs, including polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), were investigated in this study. The results showed that the MPs varied greatly in color, polymer composition and degradation degree. The color varied from colored to transparent and the most prevalent polymer identified using Raman spectroscopy was polyethylene. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images exhibited various surface degradation features including cavities, cracks, attached diatom remains, etc. The concentrations of Σ12PCBs over all beaches ranged from 14 to 632 ng g-1 and 26 to 112 ng g-1 in the pellets and fragments, respectively, with a notable presence and dominance of highly-chlorinated PCBs such as CB-153 and -138. Among the OCPs, γ-HCH is the only compound detected with concentrations ranging from 0.4 to 9.7 ng g-1 and 0.7 to 4.2 ng g-1 in the pellets and fragments, respectively. Our findings indicate that MPs found on the Tunisian coast may pose a chemical risk to marine organisms as the concentrations of PCBs and γ-HCH in most of the analysed samples exceeded the sediment-quality guidelines (SQG), especially the effects range medium (ERM) and the probable effects level (PEL). As the first report of its kind, the information gathered in this study can serve as the baseline and starting point for future monitoring work for Tunisia and neighbouring countries, as well as for stakeholders and coastal managers in decision-making processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Badreddine Barhoumi
- Laboratory of Hetero-Organic Compounds and Nanostructured Materials (LR18ES11), Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, University of Carthage, 7021 Zarzouna, Tunisia.
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Centre of Biotechnology of Borj-Cédria, 2050 Hammam-Lif, Tunisia
| | - Marc Metian
- International Atomic Energy Agency, Marine Environment Laboratories, Radioecology Laboratory, 4a, Quai Antoine 1er, MC-98000 Monaco, Principality of Monaco
| | - Hatem Zaghden
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Centre of Biotechnology of Borj-Cédria, 2050 Hammam-Lif, Tunisia
| | - Abdelkader Derouiche
- Laboratory of Hetero-Organic Compounds and Nanostructured Materials (LR18ES11), Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, University of Carthage, 7021 Zarzouna, Tunisia.
| | - Walid Ben Ameur
- Laboratory of Hetero-Organic Compounds and Nanostructured Materials (LR18ES11), Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, University of Carthage, 7021 Zarzouna, Tunisia.
- Ecologie de La Faune Terrestre UR17ES44, Département des Sciences de La Vie, Faculté Des Sciences de Gabès, Université de Gabès, Tunisia
| | - Sihem Ben Hassine
- Laboratory of Hetero-Organic Compounds and Nanostructured Materials (LR18ES11), Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, University of Carthage, 7021 Zarzouna, Tunisia.
| | - François Oberhaensli
- International Atomic Energy Agency, Marine Environment Laboratories, Radioecology Laboratory, 4a, Quai Antoine 1er, MC-98000 Monaco, Principality of Monaco
| | - Janeth Mora
- International Atomic Energy Agency, Marine Environment Laboratories, Radioecology Laboratory, 4a, Quai Antoine 1er, MC-98000 Monaco, Principality of Monaco
| | | | - Abdulla M Al-Rawabdeh
- Department of Earth and Environmental Science, Yarmouk University, Irbid 21163, Jordan
| | - Lassaad Chouba
- Laboratory of Marine Environment, National Institute of Marine Science and Technology (INSTM), Goulette, Tunisia
| | - Carlos M Alonso-Hernández
- International Atomic Energy Agency, Marine Environment Laboratories, Radioecology Laboratory, 4a, Quai Antoine 1er, MC-98000 Monaco, Principality of Monaco
| | | | - Mohamed Ridha Driss
- Laboratory of Hetero-Organic Compounds and Nanostructured Materials (LR18ES11), Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, University of Carthage, 7021 Zarzouna, Tunisia.
| | - Ahmed Mliki
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Centre of Biotechnology of Borj-Cédria, 2050 Hammam-Lif, Tunisia
| | - Soufiane Touil
- Laboratory of Hetero-Organic Compounds and Nanostructured Materials (LR18ES11), Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, University of Carthage, 7021 Zarzouna, Tunisia.
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De-la-Torre GE, Pizarro-Ortega CI, Dioses-Salinas DC, Ribeiro VV, Urizar Garfias Reyes DF, Ben-Haddad M, Rakib MRJ, Dobaradaran S. Micro- and mesoplastic pollution along the coast of Peru. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023:10.1007/s11356-023-27707-6. [PMID: 37199842 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-27707-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Peru suffers from poor solid waste and coastal management, as well as evidenced plastic pollution in various forms. However, studies in Peru focusing on small plastic debris (i.e., meso- and microplastics) are still limited and inconclusive. Thus, the present study investigated the abundance, characteristics, seasonality, and distribution of small plastic debris along the coast of Peru. The abundance of small plastic debris is predominantly driven by specific locations, where a source of contamination is present, rather than presenting seasonal patterns. Meso- and microplastics were strongly correlated in both seasons (summer and winter), suggesting meso-plastic constantly breaking down as microplastic sources. Additionally, heavy metals (e.g., Cu, Pb) were found in low concentrations (mean concentrations < 0.4%) on the surface of some mesoplastics. Here, we provided a baseline on the multiple factors involving small plastic debris on the Peruvian coast and preliminarily identify associated contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Enrique De-la-Torre
- Grupo de Investigación de Biodiversidad, Medio Ambiente Y Sociedad, Universidad San Ignacio de Loyola, Lima, Peru.
| | | | | | | | - Damarisch Fernanda Urizar Garfias Reyes
- Círculo de Investigación en Contaminación Por Plásticos, Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina, Lima, Peru
- Grupo de Investigación Salud Pública, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru
| | - Mohamed Ben-Haddad
- Laboratory of Aquatic Systems, Marine and Continental Environments, Faculty of Sciences, Ibn Zohr University, Agadir, Morocco
| | - Md Refat Jahan Rakib
- Department of Fisheries and Marine Science, Faculty of Science, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali, Bangladesh
| | - Sina Dobaradaran
- Systems Environmental Health and Energy Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Health and Nutrition, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
- Instrumental Analytical Chemistry and Centre for Water and Environmental Research (ZWU), Faculty of Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstr. 5, Essen, Germany
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Ronda AC, Menéndez MC, Tombesi N, Álvarez M, Tomba JP, Silva LI, Arias AH. Microplastic levels on sandy beaches: Are the effects of tourism and coastal recreation really important? CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 316:137842. [PMID: 36640983 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.137842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
This study assessed the effect of tourism and other recreational activities on microplastic (MP) levels and their characteristics in the sand and surf zone of the seawater. Six sites were chosen belonging to three sandy beaches with similar geomorphologic and morphodynamic characteristics but with different tourism activities. On average, a concentration of 1133.3 ± 811.3 items/kg dry weight (d.w.) and 12.7 ± 14.9 items/m3 were found in the sand and seawater samples, respectively. Fibers and films predominated and were less than 1 mm in length. In the sand, the films mainly matched the PE polymer spectra and the fibers matched PET polymer, cotton, and indigo blue dye; in the seawater samples, PP films and PET fibers prevailed. At the Pehuén-Co - Monte Hermoso Coastal Marine MPA where the flow of tourists is low, the MP levels were the lowest and the largest particles were found, mainly blue or black fibers, with less polymer diversity, cotton and PET being the most prevalent suggesting a recent input of textile fibers to this site. Moreover, the highest concentration of MPs was found on the southern site of a beach considered to be more pristine due to negligible human activity, including the smallest size pattern, mostly composed of white films or fibers with a greater diversity of polymers, predominantly PE > PET > PP. A great occurrence of PVC white films was also found in the surf zone at this site. Proximity to the mouth of a river, littoral drift, and other point sources were identified as the main sources, indicating that, apart from the local tourism and recreational activities, other sources might play a major role in the input of MPs to sandy beaches, such as extensive/intensive agricultural land use and irrigation areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Carolina Ronda
- Instituto Argentino de Oceanografía (IADO-CONICET/UNS), CCT-CONICET Bahía Blanca, Camino La Carrindanga km 7.5, 8000, Bahía Blanca, Argentina; Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS), Av. Alem 1253, 8000, Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - María Clara Menéndez
- Instituto Argentino de Oceanografía (IADO-CONICET/UNS), CCT-CONICET Bahía Blanca, Camino La Carrindanga km 7.5, 8000, Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - Norma Tombesi
- Departamento de Química, Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS), Av. Alem 1253, 8000 Bahía Blanca, Argentina; Instituto de Química del Sur (INQUISUR - CONICET/UNS), Av. Alem 1253, 8000 Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - Mónica Álvarez
- Departamento de Química, Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS), Av. Alem 1253, 8000 Bahía Blanca, Argentina; Instituto de Química del Sur (INQUISUR - CONICET/UNS), Av. Alem 1253, 8000 Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - Juan Pablo Tomba
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencia y Tecnología de Materiales (INTEMA), Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata (UNMP)-CONICET, Av. Colón 10850, 7600, Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Leonel Ignacio Silva
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencia y Tecnología de Materiales (INTEMA), Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata (UNMP)-CONICET, Av. Colón 10850, 7600, Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Andrés Hugo Arias
- Instituto Argentino de Oceanografía (IADO-CONICET/UNS), CCT-CONICET Bahía Blanca, Camino La Carrindanga km 7.5, 8000, Bahía Blanca, Argentina; Departamento de Química, Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS), Av. Alem 1253, 8000 Bahía Blanca, Argentina.
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Wu X, Zhong C, Wang T, Zou X. Assessment on the pollution level and risk of microplastics on bathing beaches: a case study of Liandao, China. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2023; 195:383. [PMID: 36763164 PMCID: PMC9911957 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-023-10994-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Microplastic pollution on bathing beaches threatens the health of human beings and coastal organisms. There is a lack of assessment on the level of microplastic pollution and the health risk associated with plastics. As one of the earliest open bathing beaches in China, Liandao is well known as the two high-quality beaches. However, little is known about the extent of microplastic pollution on these bathing beaches. Based on the analysis of microplastic pollution abundance, distribution, shape, size, color, and composition at the Liandao bathing beaches, this study puts forward a novel approach to comprehensively evaluate the microplastic pollution level and risk level by using the Nemerow pollution index (NPI) and polymer hazard index (PHI). The results show that the average abundance of microplastics on the Liandao bathing beaches is 135.42 ± 49.58 items/kg; the main shapes are fibers, fragments, and granules. Most of the microplastics are transparent, brown, and black, accounting for 71.54%, and they have an average particle size of 0.63 ± 0.43 mm. The main components are PE, PP, PS, PET, and nylon, of which nylon appears in the highest proportion (54.77%). The microplastic NPI and PHI values are 0.38 and 74.81, respectively, indicating that the pollution level and health risk index of microplastics on the Liandao bathing beaches are both low. With the increase in population and per capita consumption, plastic waste generated on land will continue to increase. Finally, this study puts forward some suggestions regarding microplastic monitoring, plastic waste management, and environmental attitudes and behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Wu
- School of History, Culture and Tourism, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian, 223300, China
| | - Chongqing Zhong
- School of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian, 223300, China
- School of Geographic and Oceanographic Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Teng Wang
- College of Oceanography, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Xinqing Zou
- School of Geographic and Oceanographic Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China.
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11
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Mesquita YW, Mengatto MF, Nagai RH. Where and how? A systematic review of microplastic pollution on beaches in Latin America and the caribbean (LAC). ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 314:120231. [PMID: 36152712 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The dispersion of microplastics (MPs) in coastal and marine environments and their potential harmful effects on organisms and ecosystems makes MPs pollution an emerging problem that has gained increasing attention from the scientific community. Despite the recent increase in the number of studies on MPs presence in different marine environments, investigations in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) are still relatively limited. This review presents the spatial distribution (where) and the methods applied (how) in assessing MPs contamination on LAC sandy beaches, identifying the challenges to be faced in advancing the understanding of this emerging contaminant. Most of the 39 papers reviewed were published between 2020 and 2021 (51%) and conducted on Brazilian beaches (43%). The LAC investigations apply spot sampling (69%) on shoreline stretches between 10 and 1000 km (59%). These works used inconsistent sampling methods, incomparable techniques for MPs extraction from sediments, and different measurement units to report their data. The MPs presence on LAC beaches is not negligible, as it varies significantly in its distribution and concentration (0-2457 MP/dw kg and 0-5458 MP/m2). Its highest accumulation is on ocean island beaches; however, there are still large stretches of coastline (Cuba, Venezuela, Argentina) with no data on MPs presence and a small number of studies exploring these contaminants' temporal variability. The lack of standardization in the studies' methodologies, particularly their measurement units, hinders their quantitative comparison and our ability to establish baseline values regarding MPs abundance on LAC beaches. In this sense, future works should direct efforts towards the spatial and temporal expansion of their sampling, as well as protocol standardization to facilitate result comparability on MPs on LAC sandy beaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Weber Mesquita
- Center for Marine Studies, Federal University of Paraná, Av Beira-Mar, S/n, Pontal Do Sul, 83255-976, Pontal Do Paraná, PR, Brazil; Graduate Program in Coastal and Oceanic Systems (PGSISCO) of the Federal University of Parana, Av Beira-Mar, S/n, Pontal Do Sul, 83255-976, Pontal Do Paraná, PR, Brazil
| | - Mateus Farias Mengatto
- Center for Marine Studies, Federal University of Paraná, Av Beira-Mar, S/n, Pontal Do Sul, 83255-976, Pontal Do Paraná, PR, Brazil; Graduate Program in Coastal and Oceanic Systems (PGSISCO) of the Federal University of Parana, Av Beira-Mar, S/n, Pontal Do Sul, 83255-976, Pontal Do Paraná, PR, Brazil
| | - Renata Hanae Nagai
- Center for Marine Studies, Federal University of Paraná, Av Beira-Mar, S/n, Pontal Do Sul, 83255-976, Pontal Do Paraná, PR, Brazil.
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12
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Lozoya JP, Rodríguez M, Azcune G, Lacerot G, Pérez-Parada A, Lenzi J, Rossi F, de Mello FT. Stranded pellets in Fildes Peninsula (King George Island, Antarctica): New evidence of Southern Ocean connectivity. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 838:155830. [PMID: 35561917 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Plastic and microplastic debris is transported by ocean currents over long distances, reaching remote areas, far from its original source. In Polar Regions, microplastics (MPs) can come from local activities or be transported from lower latitudes, with the former being the likely and major source. Although historically Antarctica was considered isolated from the global ocean, there is recent evidence of materials and organisms being transported in and out of the Southern Ocean, despite its multi-front structure. During the austral summer of 2019, beach surveys were conducted on the NW coast of the Fildes Peninsula (King George Island). The beach was characterised, and the first 2 cm of sediment from 5 quadrants (50 × 50 cm) along 100 m of the highest strandline were collected. Large microplastics (LMPs) and mesoplastics (MesoPs) were isolated, counted, measured, weighed and classified by shape. Polymer composition was analysed by FTIR and ageing estimated by Carbonyl Index. We found 293 items of LMPs (188 items) and MesoPs (105 items), with a total average density (±SD) of 234.4 ± 166 items m-2. Foams (130.4 ± 76.3), fragments (58.4 ± 56.0) and pellets (44.0 ± 50.5) were the most abundant shapes. The main polymers found were polystyrene, polypropylene, and polyethylene. We found pellets among the MesoPs, being the first record for beaches in Antarctica. The presence of these primary MPs south of 62°S not only alerts about their possible direct consequences on Antarctic ecosystems, but also gives empirical evidence for the passive entry of plastic debris from lower latitudes through cross-frontal exchanges, providing new evidence of a global connectivity of the Southern Ocean. Despite increasing research, knowledge of plastics dynamics and their impact in the Southern Ocean and Antarctica is still limited but certainly necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Lozoya
- Centro Universitario Regional del Este (CURE), Universidad de la República (UDELAR), Cachimba del Rey entre Bvar. Artigas y Av. Aparicio Saravia, 20000 Maldonado, Uruguay.
| | - M Rodríguez
- Centro Universitario Regional del Este (CURE), Universidad de la República (UDELAR), Ruta nacional N°9 intersección con ruta N°15, Rocha, Uruguay.
| | - G Azcune
- Centro Universitario Regional del Este (CURE), Universidad de la República (UDELAR), Ruta nacional N°9 intersección con ruta N°15, Rocha, Uruguay.
| | - G Lacerot
- Centro Universitario Regional del Este (CURE), Universidad de la República (UDELAR), Cachimba del Rey entre Bvar. Artigas y Av. Aparicio Saravia, 20000 Maldonado, Uruguay.
| | - A Pérez-Parada
- Centro Universitario Regional del Este (CURE), Universidad de la República (UDELAR), Ruta nacional N°9 intersección con ruta N°15, Rocha, Uruguay.
| | - J Lenzi
- Centro de Investigación y Conservación Marina (CICMAR), Uruguay
| | - F Rossi
- Centro Universitario Regional del Este (CURE), Universidad de la República (UDELAR), Cachimba del Rey entre Bvar. Artigas y Av. Aparicio Saravia, 20000 Maldonado, Uruguay
| | - F Teixeira de Mello
- Centro Universitario Regional del Este (CURE), Universidad de la República (UDELAR), Cachimba del Rey entre Bvar. Artigas y Av. Aparicio Saravia, 20000 Maldonado, Uruguay.
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Cordova MR, Ulumuddin YI, Purbonegoro T, Puspitasari R, Afianti NF, Rositasari R, Yogaswara D, Hafizt M, Iswari MY, Fitriya N, Widyastuti E, Kampono I, Kaisupy MT, Wibowo SPA, Subandi R, Sani SY, Sulistyowati L, Muhtadi A, Riani E, Cragg SM. Seasonal heterogeneity and a link to precipitation in the release of microplastic during COVID-19 outbreak from the Greater Jakarta area to Jakarta Bay, Indonesia. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2022; 181:113926. [PMID: 35841674 PMCID: PMC9288859 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.113926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
To reduce microplastic contamination in the environment, we need to better understand its sources and transit, especially from land to sea. This study examines microplastic contamination in Jakarta's nine river outlets. Microplastics were found in all sampling intervals and areas, ranging from 4.29 to 23.49 particles m-3. The trend of microplastic contamination tends to increase as the anthropogenic activity towards Jakarta Bay from the eastern side of the bay. Our study found a link between rainfall and the abundance of microplastic particles in all river outlets studied. This investigation found polyethylene, polystyrene, and polypropylene in large proportion due to their widespread use in normal daily life and industrial applications. Our research observed an increase in microplastic fibers made of polypropylene over time. We suspect a relationship between COVID-19 PPE waste and microplastic shift in our study area. More research is needed to establish how and where microplastics enter rivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Reza Cordova
- Research Center for Oceanography, Indonesian Institute of Sciences, Jl. Pasir Putih 1, Ancol, 14430 Jakarta, Indonesia; Research Center for Oceanography, National Research and Innovation Agency Republic of Indonesia, BRIN Kawasan Jakarta Ancol Jl. Pasir Putih 1, Ancol, 14430 Jakarta, Indonesia.
| | - Yaya Ihya Ulumuddin
- Research Center for Oceanography, Indonesian Institute of Sciences, Jl. Pasir Putih 1, Ancol, 14430 Jakarta, Indonesia; Research Center for Oceanography, National Research and Innovation Agency Republic of Indonesia, BRIN Kawasan Jakarta Ancol Jl. Pasir Putih 1, Ancol, 14430 Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Triyoni Purbonegoro
- Research Center for Oceanography, Indonesian Institute of Sciences, Jl. Pasir Putih 1, Ancol, 14430 Jakarta, Indonesia; Research Center for Oceanography, National Research and Innovation Agency Republic of Indonesia, BRIN Kawasan Jakarta Ancol Jl. Pasir Putih 1, Ancol, 14430 Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Rachma Puspitasari
- Research Center for Oceanography, Indonesian Institute of Sciences, Jl. Pasir Putih 1, Ancol, 14430 Jakarta, Indonesia; Research Center for Oceanography, National Research and Innovation Agency Republic of Indonesia, BRIN Kawasan Jakarta Ancol Jl. Pasir Putih 1, Ancol, 14430 Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Nur Fitriah Afianti
- Research Center for Oceanography, Indonesian Institute of Sciences, Jl. Pasir Putih 1, Ancol, 14430 Jakarta, Indonesia; Research Center for Oceanography, National Research and Innovation Agency Republic of Indonesia, BRIN Kawasan Jakarta Ancol Jl. Pasir Putih 1, Ancol, 14430 Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Ricky Rositasari
- Research Center for Oceanography, Indonesian Institute of Sciences, Jl. Pasir Putih 1, Ancol, 14430 Jakarta, Indonesia; Research Center for Oceanography, National Research and Innovation Agency Republic of Indonesia, BRIN Kawasan Jakarta Ancol Jl. Pasir Putih 1, Ancol, 14430 Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Deny Yogaswara
- Research Center for Oceanography, Indonesian Institute of Sciences, Jl. Pasir Putih 1, Ancol, 14430 Jakarta, Indonesia; Research Center for Oceanography, National Research and Innovation Agency Republic of Indonesia, BRIN Kawasan Jakarta Ancol Jl. Pasir Putih 1, Ancol, 14430 Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Muhammad Hafizt
- Research Center for Oceanography, Indonesian Institute of Sciences, Jl. Pasir Putih 1, Ancol, 14430 Jakarta, Indonesia; Research Center for Oceanography, National Research and Innovation Agency Republic of Indonesia, BRIN Kawasan Jakarta Ancol Jl. Pasir Putih 1, Ancol, 14430 Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Marindah Yulia Iswari
- Research Center for Oceanography, Indonesian Institute of Sciences, Jl. Pasir Putih 1, Ancol, 14430 Jakarta, Indonesia; Research Center for Oceanography, National Research and Innovation Agency Republic of Indonesia, BRIN Kawasan Jakarta Ancol Jl. Pasir Putih 1, Ancol, 14430 Jakarta, Indonesia; Research Center for Hydrodynamics Technology, National Research and Innovation Agency Republic of Indonesia, BRIN Kawasan Mlati Jln. Grafika No.2 Sekip, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Nurul Fitriya
- Research Center for Oceanography, Indonesian Institute of Sciences, Jl. Pasir Putih 1, Ancol, 14430 Jakarta, Indonesia; Research Center for Oceanography, National Research and Innovation Agency Republic of Indonesia, BRIN Kawasan Jakarta Ancol Jl. Pasir Putih 1, Ancol, 14430 Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Ernawati Widyastuti
- Research Center for Oceanography, Indonesian Institute of Sciences, Jl. Pasir Putih 1, Ancol, 14430 Jakarta, Indonesia; Research Center for Oceanography, National Research and Innovation Agency Republic of Indonesia, BRIN Kawasan Jakarta Ancol Jl. Pasir Putih 1, Ancol, 14430 Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Irfan Kampono
- Research Center for Oceanography, Indonesian Institute of Sciences, Jl. Pasir Putih 1, Ancol, 14430 Jakarta, Indonesia; Research Center for Oceanography, National Research and Innovation Agency Republic of Indonesia, BRIN Kawasan Jakarta Ancol Jl. Pasir Putih 1, Ancol, 14430 Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Muhammad Taufik Kaisupy
- Research Center for Oceanography, Indonesian Institute of Sciences, Jl. Pasir Putih 1, Ancol, 14430 Jakarta, Indonesia; Research Center for Oceanography, National Research and Innovation Agency Republic of Indonesia, BRIN Kawasan Jakarta Ancol Jl. Pasir Putih 1, Ancol, 14430 Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Singgih Prasetyo Adi Wibowo
- Research Center for Oceanography, Indonesian Institute of Sciences, Jl. Pasir Putih 1, Ancol, 14430 Jakarta, Indonesia; Research Center for Oceanography, National Research and Innovation Agency Republic of Indonesia, BRIN Kawasan Jakarta Ancol Jl. Pasir Putih 1, Ancol, 14430 Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Riyana Subandi
- Research Center for Oceanography, Indonesian Institute of Sciences, Jl. Pasir Putih 1, Ancol, 14430 Jakarta, Indonesia; Research Center for Oceanography, National Research and Innovation Agency Republic of Indonesia, BRIN Kawasan Jakarta Ancol Jl. Pasir Putih 1, Ancol, 14430 Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Sofia Yuniar Sani
- Research Center for Oceanography, Indonesian Institute of Sciences, Jl. Pasir Putih 1, Ancol, 14430 Jakarta, Indonesia; Research Center for Oceanography, National Research and Innovation Agency Republic of Indonesia, BRIN Kawasan Jakarta Ancol Jl. Pasir Putih 1, Ancol, 14430 Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Lilik Sulistyowati
- Environmental Studies Graduate Program, Universitas Terbuka, Jl. Cabe Raya, Pondok Cabe, Pamulang Tangerang Selatan 15418, Indonesia
| | - Ahmad Muhtadi
- Department of Aquatic Resources Management, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Jl. Prof. A. Sofyan No. 3, Medan 20222, Indonesia
| | - Etty Riani
- Department of Aquatic Resources Management, Faculty of Fishery and Marine Science, Bogor Agricultural University, Jl. Agatis Gedung Fakultas Perikanan dan Ilmu Kelautan, Kampus IPB Darmaga, Bogor 16680, Indonesia
| | - Simon M Cragg
- Institute of Marine Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, United Kingdom; Centre for Blue Governance, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, United Kingdom
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14
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Izar GM, Choueri RB, Martinez ST, da Rocha GO, Albergaria-Barbosa ACR. The application of the DAPSI(W)R(M) framework to the plastic pellets chain. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2022; 180:113807. [PMID: 35667257 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.113807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Single-use plastic, few global engagement and lack of policies contribute to the global challenge about plastic marine litter. This form of contamination can cause injury and death of marine wildlife. Microplastics (>5 mm) represent an important fraction of plastic litter. They include the plastic pellets that are used as raw material within plastic industry that can be unintentionally spilled into the environment during the industrial processes. In an initiative in order to facilitate the understanding and communication of plastic pellets as a social and environmental problem, we applied the Drivers-Activities-Pressures-State changes-Impacts (on Welfare)-Responses (as Measures) (DAPSI[W]R[M]) framework to plastic pellets chain. We also analyzed possible mitigating measures and their actions along the plastic pellets chain. This DAPSI(W)R(M) framework aim to show an overview of the plastic pellets chain and solutions for politicians and decision makers to help solve this socio-environmental problem that needs the engagement of all stakeholders involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- G M Izar
- Polytechnic School, Interdisciplinary Center of Energy and Environment, Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), Barão de Jeremoabo street, s/n, Campus Ondina, 40170-290 Salvador, Bahia, Brazil; Marine Geochemistry Laboratory, Institute of Geoscience, Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), Barão de Jeremoabo street, s/n, Campus Ondina, 40170-115 Salvador, Bahia, Brazil.
| | - R B Choueri
- Departament of Marine Science, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Silva Jardim street, 136, 11015-020 Santos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - S T Martinez
- Polytechnic School, Interdisciplinary Center of Energy and Environment, Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), Barão de Jeremoabo street, s/n, Campus Ondina, 40170-290 Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - G O da Rocha
- Polytechnic School, Interdisciplinary Center of Energy and Environment, Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), Barão de Jeremoabo street, s/n, Campus Ondina, 40170-290 Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - A C R Albergaria-Barbosa
- Marine Geochemistry Laboratory, Institute of Geoscience, Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), Barão de Jeremoabo street, s/n, Campus Ondina, 40170-115 Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
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15
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Ríos JM, Tesitore G, de Mello FT. Does color play a predominant role in the intake of microplastics fragments by freshwater fish: an experimental approach with Psalidodon eigenmanniorum. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:49457-49464. [PMID: 35608768 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-20913-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) have been reported in fish species from several freshwater environments. However, the mechanisms underlying MPs ingestion by fish are still unclear, although they are important to determine the pathway of MPs along freshwater environments food webs. Here, we investigates a fundamental question of why wild freshwater fish ingest plastic. To address this, we conducted a laboratory experiment to assess MP fragments intake according to color (red, green, yellow, white, black, and blue) by a small omnivorous fish species Psalidodon eigenmanniorum (Characidae). Results showed that yellow and blue were the most consumed fragments, whereas fish avoided white fragments. Although it is not yet clear how plastic coloration relates to the selectivity and feeding of freshwater fish, the visual skills at a species-specific level could plausibly explain why certain colors are attractive or deterrent to a particular fish species. This data set can be used as a screening tool that could help to understand the mechanisms underlying the patterns of plastic ingestion by fish, with special emphasis on the color of plastic particles. Future research on mechanisms MPs intake by fish, also providing a multi-species approach is highly recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Manuel Ríos
- Instituto de Medicina y Biología Experimental de Cuyo (IMBECU, CCT-CONICET), 5500, Mendoza, Argentina.
| | - Giancarlo Tesitore
- Departamento de Ecología y Gestión Ambiental, Centro Universitario Regional del Este (CURE, UDELAR), Tacuarembó entre Av. Artigas y Aparicio Saravia, 20000, Maldonado, Uruguay
| | - Franco Teixeira de Mello
- Departamento de Ecología y Gestión Ambiental, Centro Universitario Regional del Este (CURE, UDELAR), Tacuarembó entre Av. Artigas y Aparicio Saravia, 20000, Maldonado, Uruguay
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16
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Pervez R, Lai Z. Spatio-temporal variations of litter on Qingdao tourist beaches in China. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 303:119060. [PMID: 35245618 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Beaches are an integral part of coastal tourism, but they are deteriorated by the beachgoers and recreational activities due to lack of adequate beach environmental awareness and management. Litter is widely distributed in marine and coastal environment and has been considered a severe concern. In China investigations to determine the beach litter abundance and pollution level are limited. The aim of this study is to estimate spatio-temporal distribution and composition of litter on 10 well-known Qingdao tourist beaches, involving pollution level by beach quality indexes. Beach litter was collected within an area of 25 × 25 m2 in both summer (May, June and July) and winter (Nov, Dec and Jan) seasons, and was classified into eight categories. The abundance of beach litter was found higher in summer (0.13 ± 0.04 items/m2) than in winter (0.04 ± 0.01 items/m2). Overall, the percentage of plastics were higher in both summer (23.48%) and winter (24.04%) than that of other litter categories. Based on Clean Coast Index, 70% of beaches were very clean, 25% clean, and 5% moderately clean. Beach Grade Index showed that 15% beaches were very good, 5% good, 55% fair, and 25% poor. 85% beaches constituted some quantity of hazardous litter and 15% had no hazardous litter for Hazardous Items index. The findings suggest that the sources of beach litter along Qingdao beaches mainly come from the recreational and tourist activities. The substantial quantity of litter is also being transported by ocean (tides or current), which are finally deposited along beachfront. Despite regular cleaning operation along most of Qingdao beaches, suggested management practices involve mitigation measures, source reduction, change in littering behavior to improve further quality of beaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashid Pervez
- Institute of Marine Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Disaster Prediction and Protection, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China.
| | - Zhongping Lai
- Institute of Marine Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Disaster Prediction and Protection, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China.
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17
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Truchet DM, López ADF, Ardusso MG, Rimondino GN, Buzzi NS, Malanca FE, Spetter CV, Severini MDF. Microplastics in bivalves, water and sediments from a touristic sandy beach of Argentina. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2021; 173:113023. [PMID: 34695691 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.113023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
This study assesses for the first time the concentrations of microplastics (MPs) in sediments, water and two human-consumed mussels with different ecological traits (Amarilladesma mactroides and Brachidontes rodriguezii) in a touristic sandy beach of Argentina. MPs were characterized through FTIR and SEM/EDX techniques. All the samples presented MPs with similar concentrations as other human-impacted coastal areas of the world, being black and blue fibers of < 0.5 and 0.5-1 mm the most abundant. SEM images exhibited cracks and fractures with clay minerals and microorganisms adhered to MPs surface. EDX spectrums showed potentially toxic elements, such as Cr, Ti, and Mo. FTIR identified polymers such as cellulose, polyamides, and polyacrylates in most of the samples analyzed. Our study demonstrates that microplastic pollution is a common threat to sandy beaches in Argentina, worsened by plastic particles carrying metal ions with potential toxic effects to the biota, including A. mactroides, an endangered species.
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Affiliation(s)
- D M Truchet
- Instituto Argentino de Oceanografía (IADO), CONICET/UNS, CCT-Bahía Blanca, Camino La Carrindanga, km 7.5, Edificio E1, B8000FWB, Bahía Blanca, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS), San Juan 670, B8000ICN, Bahía Blanca, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - A D Forero López
- Instituto Argentino de Oceanografía (IADO), CONICET/UNS, CCT-Bahía Blanca, Camino La Carrindanga, km 7.5, Edificio E1, B8000FWB, Bahía Blanca, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - M G Ardusso
- Instituto Argentino de Oceanografía (IADO), CONICET/UNS, CCT-Bahía Blanca, Camino La Carrindanga, km 7.5, Edificio E1, B8000FWB, Bahía Blanca, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS), San Juan 670, B8000ICN, Bahía Blanca, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - G N Rimondino
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Fisicoquímica de Córdoba (INFIQC), Departamento de Fisicoquímica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Ciudad Universitaria X5000HUA, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - N S Buzzi
- Instituto Argentino de Oceanografía (IADO), CONICET/UNS, CCT-Bahía Blanca, Camino La Carrindanga, km 7.5, Edificio E1, B8000FWB, Bahía Blanca, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS), San Juan 670, B8000ICN, Bahía Blanca, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - F E Malanca
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Fisicoquímica de Córdoba (INFIQC), Departamento de Fisicoquímica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Ciudad Universitaria X5000HUA, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - C V Spetter
- Instituto Argentino de Oceanografía (IADO), CONICET/UNS, CCT-Bahía Blanca, Camino La Carrindanga, km 7.5, Edificio E1, B8000FWB, Bahía Blanca, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Departamento de Química, Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS), Avenida Alem 1253, B8000CPB, Bahía Blanca, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - M D Fernández Severini
- Instituto Argentino de Oceanografía (IADO), CONICET/UNS, CCT-Bahía Blanca, Camino La Carrindanga, km 7.5, Edificio E1, B8000FWB, Bahía Blanca, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Bettim M, Krelling AP, Di Domenico M, Cornwell TO, Turra A. Daily environmental variation influences temporal patterns of marine debris deposition along an estuarine outlet in southern Brazil. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2021; 172:112859. [PMID: 34418710 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.112859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The influence of short-term (daily) variation in environmental conditions (rainfall, wind, tide, river flow) on debris accumulation was examined on two beaches at an estuarine outlet. Sampling occurred over 60 consecutive days along two sections (Internal Area, IA; and External Area, EA) of the Paranaguá Estuary Complex's southern outlet, in Paraná, southern Brazil. The IA is sheltered from direct wave action, whereas the EA is more exposed to wave and wind action from the open ocean. The IA accounted for 71% of the total debris, while the EA accounted for 29%. Debris abundance was highest after intermediate bouts of rainfall, although river flow only affected debris accumulation in the IA. Wind and tide influenced accumulation differently across sites. These results highlight the importance of short-term variation in the accumulation of marine debris on sandy beaches, which should be considered when designing and monitoring assessment programs and removal strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Bettim
- Postgraduate Program in Coastal and Oceanic Systems, Center for Marine Studies (CEM), Federal University of Paraná, Av Beira Mar, s / n, 83255-976 Pontal do Paraná, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Allan Paul Krelling
- Federal Institute of Paraná, Campus Paranaguá, Department of Environment, Antonio Carlos Rodrigues, 453, 83215-750 Paranaguá, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - Maikon Di Domenico
- Universidade Federal do Paraná | UFPR Center for Marine Studies, Pontal do Paraná, State of Paraná 83255-000, Brazil
| | - Tomas Oliver Cornwell
- University of Plymouth, School of Biological and Marine Sciences, Drake Circus, Plymouth, Devon PL4 8AA, England, United Kingdom.
| | - Alexander Turra
- University of São Paulo (USP), Department of Biological Oceanography, Oceanographic Institute (IOUSP), Oceanographic Square, 191, 05508-120 São Paulo, Brazil.
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19
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Jaubet ML, Hines E, Elías R, Garaffo GV. Factors driving the abundance and distribution of microplastics on sandy beaches in a Southwest Atlantic seaside resort. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 171:105472. [PMID: 34488070 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2021.105472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics are currently considered widespread marine pollutants, accumulating in sediments and shorelines around the world. Spatial distribution of microplastics in marine sediments is consequence of a combination of multiple factors (naturals and anthropics). We evaluated the drivers' factors of the abundance and distribution of two microplastics morphotypes (fibers and fragments) in surface sediments (5 cm deep) on SW Atlantic beaches with different plastics waste contribution along the coastline. Beach geomorphology, sediment grain size, distance to the urban area, continental waters discharge and human activities were the analyzed factors. Fibers abundance was significantly highest in pocket beaches, moderately exposed and closest to the urban center, while the fragments abundance was highest in beaches with stormwater outfall. The fine sand and the high recreational level were also factors driving the abundance of both morphotypes. Therefore, plastic morphotype and abundance vary according to the determining factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- María L Jaubet
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras, (IIMyC), Facultad de Ciencias, Exactas y Naturales (FCEyN), Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata (UNMdP), Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), CC1260, 7600, Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Emiliano Hines
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras, (IIMyC), Facultad de Ciencias, Exactas y Naturales (FCEyN), Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata (UNMdP), Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), CC1260, 7600, Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Rodolfo Elías
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras, (IIMyC), Facultad de Ciencias, Exactas y Naturales (FCEyN), Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata (UNMdP), Argentina
| | - Griselda V Garaffo
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras, (IIMyC), Facultad de Ciencias, Exactas y Naturales (FCEyN), Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata (UNMdP), Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), CC1260, 7600, Mar del Plata, Argentina.
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20
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Thepwilai S, Wangritthikraikul K, Chawchai S, Bissen R. Testing the factors controlling the numbers of microplastics on beaches along the western Gulf of Thailand. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2021; 168:112467. [PMID: 33989955 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.112467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Microplastic pollution is one of the most significant global environmental concerns. This study represents a first attempt to establish connections between the concentration of microplastics and both ocean surface circulation direction and land-based sources along the western Gulf of Thailand. Microplastics at the high-tide line from 25 beaches in 5 provinces were quantified. Observed amounts range from 20 to 273 (max. 5741) pieces/kg. Sheets were the most common shape and black the most common color of microplastics. Our study showed a significant, positive correlation between the number of microplastics and land-based sources (e.g., aquatic industries). While human activities were the dominant factor affecting microplastic concentrations, the newly designed surface circulation direction (SCD) index reflected relative changes in microplastic amounts. Our study identified several locations with substantial microplastic pollution which require a proper management system with appropriate laws and regulations, and a public awareness campaign about effects of microplastics on ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supakorn Thepwilai
- Department of Geology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | | | - Sakonvan Chawchai
- Department of Geology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
| | - Raphael Bissen
- Department of Mining and Petroleum Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
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21
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Incidence of Watershed Land Use on the Consumption of Meso and Microplastics by Fish Communities in Uruguayan Lowland Streams. WATER 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/w13111575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Physical-chemical and biologicaldiversity of streams are influenced by the land use in their watersheds. Plastics currently make up the most important waste asset, representing an important part of the transported and accumulated material in water courses. This work analyzes the consumption of plastics debris by the fish communities in streams with two contrasting types of land use. We worked with threestreams impacted by urbanization and threeby extensive ranching. The stomach and intestinal contents of 309 individuals of 29 species were analyzed, by a modified alkaline digestion, and observed under a stereo microscope with polarized light. A total of 373 plastic itemswere found, of which the majority corresponded to fibers (318). A significant difference was found between the percentage of individuals that consumed plastic debrisbetween both systems (51.6% in ranchers and 76.6% in urban, p = 0.014 Mood’s Median), but no difference was found in the average ingested per individual. This study establishes the first baseline on plastic debris consumption by fish in Uruguayan streams, showing the extent of the plastic and microplastic pollution problem. Although there are differences between the analyzed sites, we also observed significant contamination in streams far from urbanization.
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Ardusso M, Forero-López AD, Buzzi NS, Spetter CV, Fernández-Severini MD. COVID-19 pandemic repercussions on plastic and antiviral polymeric textile causing pollution on beaches and coasts of South America. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 763:144365. [PMID: 33360513 PMCID: PMC7726578 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/05/2020] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
The propagation of the COVID-19 pandemic worldwide has been alarming in the last months. According to recommendations of the World Health Organization (WHO), the use of face masks is essential for slowing down the transmission rate of COVID-19 in human beings. This pandemic has generated a substantial increase in the use, as well as in the production, of face masks and other elements (gloves, face protectors, protective suits, safety shoes) manufactured with polymeric materials, including antiviral textiles most of which will end as microplastic pools. Focusing on South America, the use and mismanagement of this type of personal protective equipment (PPE) represents an environmental problem. Added to this issue are the increase in the use of single-use plastic, and the reduction of plastic recycling due to the curfew generated by the pandemic, further aggravating plastic pollution on coasts and beaches. Recently, researchers have developed antiviral polymeric textile technology composed of Ag and Cu nanoparticles for PPE to reduce the contagion and spread of COVID-19. Antiviral polymeric textile wastes could also have long-term negative repercussions on aquatic environments, as they are an important emerging class of contaminants. For this reason, this work provides reflections and perspectives on how the COVID-19 pandemic can aggravate plastic pollution on beaches and coastal environments, consequently increasing the damage to marine species in the coming years. In addition, the potential impact of the pandemic on waste management systems is discussed here, as well as future research directions to improve integrated coastal management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ardusso
- Instituto Argentino de Oceanografía (IADO), Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS)-CONICET, Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - A D Forero-López
- Instituto Argentino de Oceanografía (IADO), Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS)-CONICET, Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - N S Buzzi
- Instituto Argentino de Oceanografía (IADO), Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS)-CONICET, Bahía Blanca, Argentina; Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS), Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - C V Spetter
- Instituto Argentino de Oceanografía (IADO), Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS)-CONICET, Bahía Blanca, Argentina; Departamento de Química, Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS), Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - M D Fernández-Severini
- Instituto Argentino de Oceanografía (IADO), Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS)-CONICET, Bahía Blanca, Argentina.
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Jiménez-Skrzypek G, Hernández-Sánchez C, Ortega-Zamora C, González-Sálamo J, González-Curbelo MÁ, Hernández-Borges J. Microplastic-adsorbed organic contaminants: Analytical methods and occurrence. Trends Analyt Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2021.116186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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24
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Wu X, Zhong C, Wang T, Zou X, Zang Z, Li Q, Chen H. Occurrence and distribution of microplastics on recreational beaches of Haichow Bay, China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:6132-6145. [PMID: 32989694 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-10987-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
As prime coastal recreational areas, beaches attract an increasing number of users worldwide. However, current studies have shown that beaches are subject to plastic pollution, one of the most significant global environmental threats. Considering the health of tourists and ecological environmental management of beaches, microplastics on recreational beaches are urgently being studied. This paper first focused on microplastics on the recreational beaches of Haichow Bay, which is located on the central coast of China and faces the Yellow Sea. The microplastic pollution level, occurrence, and distribution were investigated. Our study demonstrated that microplastics were consistently found on all studied beaches, which emphasized their extensive distribution throughout recreational beaches. The average microplastic abundance was 106.50 ± 34.41 items/kg, demonstrating that the microplastic pollution level on the studied beaches tended to be in the middle-to-low position compared with previous studies. In total, eight colors were found, more than 90% of microplastics were less than 1 mm in size, and fiber and fragments were the dominant shapes. Resort beaches contained the highest number of microplastics, indicating that the microplastic pollution level on recreational beaches was directly related to the tourism intensity. Five types of plastic were found in the samples, i.e., polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), PS (polystyrene (PS), polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and nylon. Land inputs were the main source of pollution. This study provided baseline information on microplastic pollution that can be used for effective and comprehensive management of recreational beaches and suggests that the management of plastic use and recycling on beaches should be integrated into China's'coastal zone management practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Wu
- School of History, Culture and Tourism, Huaiyin Normal University, Huai'an, 223300, China
- School of Geographic and Oceanographic Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Chongqing Zhong
- School of Geographic and Oceanographic Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
- School of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Huaiyin Normal University, Huai'an, 223300, China
| | - Teng Wang
- College of Oceanography, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Xinqing Zou
- School of Geographic and Oceanographic Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China.
| | - Zheng Zang
- School of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Huaiyin Normal University, Huai'an, 223300, China
| | - Qunji Li
- School of History, Culture and Tourism, Huaiyin Normal University, Huai'an, 223300, China
| | - Han Chen
- School of History, Culture and Tourism, Huaiyin Normal University, Huai'an, 223300, China
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25
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Kutralam-Muniasamy G, Pérez-Guevara F, Elizalde-Martínez I, Shruti VC. Review of current trends, advances and analytical challenges for microplastics contamination in Latin America. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 267:115463. [PMID: 32866877 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics accumulation is an emerging environmental issue and a threat to marine life and human health. There is a growing number of investigations on the abundance and distribution of microplastics in different water bodies and biota worldwide, with relatively few studies conducted in Latin America, however, the current knowledge of microplastics sources, occurrence, transport, fate and potential impacts remains largely unexplored. This review presents the current trends and advances of microplastics on a lesser known region of the world by compiling the research performed to date in different environmental compartments. The sampling techniques and methods for microplastics extraction in the existing literature data are also summarized. Among 78 published studies reviewed, 34% of studies were from Brazil and 46% of studies have mainly focused on biota. The main findings showed that microplastics are not negligible across Latin America significantly varying in their distribution, with the prevalence of fibers comprising 62% of the total. Polyethylene, polypropylene, polyethylene terephthalate and polystyrene have been identified as the most common polymer types, accounting for 80% of the total. Limited studies and lack of standardized methodologies render difficulties to establish fundamental information on microplastics abundance and types in most countries of this region. Therefore, this review will primarily serve as a baseline when evaluating the environmental relevance of microplastics in Latin America and would stimulate discussions focusing on this topic, calling for more research in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gurusamy Kutralam-Muniasamy
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados Del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Fermín Pérez-Guevara
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados Del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, Mexico; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology Program, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados Del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - I Elizalde-Martínez
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN), Centro Mexicano para La Producción Más Limpia (CMP+L), Av. Acueducto S/n, Col. Barrio La Laguna Ticomán, Del Gustavo A. Madero, C.P. 07340, México, D.F., Mexico
| | - V C Shruti
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN), Centro Mexicano para La Producción Más Limpia (CMP+L), Av. Acueducto S/n, Col. Barrio La Laguna Ticomán, Del Gustavo A. Madero, C.P. 07340, México, D.F., Mexico.
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26
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Garcés-Ordóñez O, Espinosa LF, Cardoso RP, Issa Cardozo BB, Meigikos Dos Anjos R. Plastic litter pollution along sandy beaches in the Caribbean and Pacific coast of Colombia. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 267:115495. [PMID: 33254720 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Plastic pollution is a global problem that poses a threat to coastal and marine ecosystems and human livelihoods and requires effective solutions adaptable to local conditions. In Colombia, the knowledge about marine plastic pollution is still limited and the development of effective strategies for managing marine and coastal environments is crucial. Therefore, plastic pollution was assessed on 43 Colombian sandy beaches on the Caribbean and Pacific coasts. Amounts of macroplastic ranged from 35 ± 15 to 81 ± 23 items 100 m-1, being product's packaging the most common. Microplastic densities ranged from 3 to 1387 items m-2. The highest microplastic concentrations were found on the beaches from Caribbean cities and in rural areas of Pacific municipalities. Fragments and polyethylene were the most commonly observed shape and polymer categories, respectively. Tourism and poor waste management practices are the primary plastic sources on the studied beaches. Plastic litter on Colombian beaches are a problem that requires prevention, mitigation, and control actions to help conserve this ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ostin Garcés-Ordóñez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras, José Benito Vives de Andrés -INVEMAR, Santa Marta, Colombia; Red de vigilancia para La Conservación y Protección de Las Aguas Marinas y Costeras de Colombia, REDCAM, Colombia; Red de Investigación de Los Estresores Marino Costeros de Latinoamérica y El Caribe, REMARCO, Colombia.
| | - Luisa F Espinosa
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras, José Benito Vives de Andrés -INVEMAR, Santa Marta, Colombia; Red de vigilancia para La Conservación y Protección de Las Aguas Marinas y Costeras de Colombia, REDCAM, Colombia; Red de Investigación de Los Estresores Marino Costeros de Latinoamérica y El Caribe, REMARCO, Colombia
| | - Renan Pereira Cardoso
- Universidade Federal Fluminense, Instituto de Física, Laboratório de Radioecologia e Alterações Ambientais (LARA). Niterói, RJ, Brazil; Red de Investigación de Los Estresores Marino Costeros de Latinoamérica y El Caribe, REMARCO, Colombia
| | - Bárbara Barroso Issa Cardozo
- Universidade Federal Fluminense, Instituto de Física, Laboratório de Radioecologia e Alterações Ambientais (LARA). Niterói, RJ, Brazil; Red de Investigación de Los Estresores Marino Costeros de Latinoamérica y El Caribe, REMARCO, Colombia
| | - Roberto Meigikos Dos Anjos
- Universidade Federal Fluminense, Instituto de Física, Laboratório de Radioecologia e Alterações Ambientais (LARA). Niterói, RJ, Brazil; Red de Investigación de Los Estresores Marino Costeros de Latinoamérica y El Caribe, REMARCO, Colombia
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27
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Vetrimurugan E, Jonathan MP, Sarkar SK, Rodríguez-González F, Roy PD, Velumani S, Sakthi JS. Occurrence, distribution and provenance of micro plastics: A large scale quantitative analysis of beach sediments from southeastern coast of South Africa. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 746:141103. [PMID: 32795758 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) existence, identification and source were investigated by studying a total of 2539 particles in 349 sediment samples from nine different tourist beaches [(Sodwana & Richard Bays; Ballito, Mtunzini, Tugela, Zinkwazi, Ballito (north & south) and Durban north & south)] of southeastern coast of South Africa. They are more abundant in the beaches of the Durban city, followed by the Sodwana & Richards Bays, Ballito and Mtunzini. The black particles prevailed over the blue, white, pink, brown, red and green MPs. Supremacy of MPs in the Durban city is mainly due to the longshore coastal Agulhas current in the South eastern side of African coast aiding the degradation of primary plastics coming both from continent and sea. SEM images provided the evidences of weathering/degrading process through grooves, cracks, deep fissures, sharp edges and layered degradation showing signs of oxidation due to long term exposure in the coastal environment. EDS results suggested presence of elements (i.e. C, -O, Si, Al, Fe, Ca, Mg, Na, K, S, Ti, Cu and Zn introduced during the production of plastics as additives. FTIR spectral matches identified from all samples infer polypropylene (PP) (62%), rayon (RY) (17.2%), polycarbonate (PC) (29.8%), nylon (NY) (18.92%), polyester (PES) (31.2%), polyacrylonitrile (PAN) (11.21%) and polystyrene (PS) as well as low (28.9%) & high (36.1%) polyethylene terephthalate (PET). Higher abundance of MPs in the beaches of South Africa in comparison with studies around the world emphasizes the need of dispersal monitoring and use of plastic materials/polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Vetrimurugan
- Department of Hydrology, University of Zululand, Private Bag x1001, KwaDlangezwa, 3886, South Africa.
| | - M P Jonathan
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Investigaciones y Estudios sobre Medio Ambiente y Desarrollo (CIIEMAD), Instituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN), Calle 30 de Junio de 1520, Barrio la Laguna Ticomán, Del. Gustavo A. Madero, C.P.07340 Ciudad de México, Mexico.
| | - S K Sarkar
- Department of Marine Science, University of Calcutta, 35 Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata 700019, India
| | - Francisco Rodríguez-González
- Centro de Desarrollo de Productos Bióticos (CEPROBI), Instituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN), Carretera Yautepec-Jojutla Km. 6, Calle CEPROBI No. 8, Col. San Isidro, Yautepec, Morelos C.P. 62731, Mexico
| | - Priyadarsi D Roy
- Instituto de Geología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad Universitaria, C.P. 04510, Del. Coyoacán, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - S Velumani
- Departamento de Ingeniería Eléctrica - SEES, CINVESTAV-IPN, Av IPN 2508, Col. Zacatenco, C.P. 07360 Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - J S Sakthi
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Investigaciones y Estudios sobre Medio Ambiente y Desarrollo (CIIEMAD), Instituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN), Calle 30 de Junio de 1520, Barrio la Laguna Ticomán, Del. Gustavo A. Madero, C.P.07340 Ciudad de México, Mexico
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28
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Castro RO, Silva MLD, Marques MRC, Araújo FVD. Spatio-temporal evaluation of macro, meso and microplastics in surface waters, bottom and beach sediments of two embayments in Niterói, RJ, Brazil. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2020; 160:111537. [PMID: 32889507 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2020.111537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated in the dry and rainy periods, the anthropogenic influence and the hydrodynamics in the distribution of plastic items in surface waters and bottom and beach sediments of the Jurujuba (Guanabara Bay, low and medium hydrodynamic) and Itaipu (oceanic region, high hydrodynamics) embayments; places of cultivation and extraction of mussels. Microplastics were 83% of the wastes collected, with a higher average concentration (138.41 items.kg-1) in beach sediments. High density polyethylene (HDPE) (38%), polypropylene (21%), and styrene (10%) were the most frequent polymers. There was no difference between the water and bottom sediment samples in the different embayments, in the studied periods, different from that observed in the beach sediment samples, with higher concentrations in the rainy season in Jurujuba. The results suggest that beach sediments are the best compartment to understand the dynamics of the distribution of plastic waste over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebeca Oliveira Castro
- Postgraduate Program in Marine Biology and Coastal Environments, Federal University Fluminense, Outeiro de São João Batista, s/n. Centro, Niterói, RJ 24210-130, Brazil.
| | - Melanie Lopes da Silva
- Department of Sciences, Faculty of Teacher Training, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Street Francisco Portela 1470, Patronato, São Gonçalo, RJ 24435-005, Brazil
| | - Mônica R C Marques
- Institute of Chemistry, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Street São Francisco Xavier, Pavilhão Haroldo Lisboa da Cunha, 524, Rio de Janeiro, RJ CEP 20550-900, Brazil
| | - Fábio Vieira de Araújo
- Department of Sciences, Faculty of Teacher Training, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Street Francisco Portela 1470, Patronato, São Gonçalo, RJ 24435-005, Brazil
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29
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Kutralam-Muniasamy G, Pérez-Guevara F, Elizalde-Martínez I, Shruti VC. An overview of recent advances in micro/nano beads and microfibers research: Critical assessment and promoting the less known. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 740:139991. [PMID: 32559531 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Uptake and toxicity of microplastics (<5 mm) on organisms has merited substantial attention from scientific and research communities. Micro- (1-5000 μm) and nano- (<1 μm) beads have been recognized as promising polymeric particles globally to assess risks for organisms after ingestion. Microfibers (<5 mm) are abundant worldwide, but studies demonstrating their impacts on organisms are only emerging and remain poorly understood. The goal of this review is to facilitate the research of microfibers towards risk assessments and understanding of their health effects on organisms. This paper examines the abundance, size, shapes, colors, and polymer types of micro/nano beads and microfibers in different environments as well as summarizes the existing knowledge related to the potential effects on organisms demonstrated from laboratory-based studies. It therefore also reviews and compares current methodologies used to synthesize microfibers for ingestion studies and further, documents their effects on organisms, critically assessing the knowledge gaps that need urgent attention in this rapidly developing research field. Taking together, this article will be useful to the microplastic scientific community and provide helpful referential information to those currently engaged in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gurusamy Kutralam-Muniasamy
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
| | - Fermín Pérez-Guevara
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, Mexico; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology Program, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - I Elizalde-Martínez
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN), Centro Mexicano para la Producción más Limpia (CMP+L), Av. Acueducto s/n, Col. Barrio la Laguna Ticomán, Del Gustavo A. Madero, C.P. 07340 México, D.F., Mexico
| | - V C Shruti
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN), Centro Mexicano para la Producción más Limpia (CMP+L), Av. Acueducto s/n, Col. Barrio la Laguna Ticomán, Del Gustavo A. Madero, C.P. 07340 México, D.F., Mexico.
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Ríos MF, Hernández-Moresino RD, Galván DE. Assessing urban microplastic pollution in a benthic habitat of Patagonia Argentina. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2020; 159:111491. [PMID: 32892923 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2020.111491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Plastic pollution in the oceans has become a global problem, but its documentation is disparate around the world. We assess the abundance and type of microplastics in three benthic matrices: mussels, small fishes, and bottom water; in three sites nearby Puerto Madryn city (Patagonia, Argentina). Microplastics were present in the three matrices for all sites sampled. The average amounts of items observed were 1.6 and 0.3 per total wet weight in fishes and mussels, respectively, and 10.5 per liter in bottom water. Mussels and fishes presented a difference of microplastics size comparing with the surrounding bottoms waters; fishes also presented color discrimination, suggesting the necessity of more than one bioindicator to perform microplastic pollution monitoring. Moreover, small fishes had more MPs in their gastrointestinal tracts than bigger ones. The present study is the first one about the interaction between MPs and small aquatic organisms in coastal marine environments from Patagonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- María F Ríos
- Centro para el Estudio de Sistemas Marinos (CESIMAR), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Edificio CCT CONICET - CENPAT, Boulevard Brown 2915, U9120ACD Puerto Madryn, Chubut, Argentina
| | - Rodrigo D Hernández-Moresino
- Centro para el Estudio de Sistemas Marinos (CESIMAR), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Edificio CCT CONICET - CENPAT, Boulevard Brown 2915, U9120ACD Puerto Madryn, Chubut, Argentina.
| | - David E Galván
- Centro para el Estudio de Sistemas Marinos (CESIMAR), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Edificio CCT CONICET - CENPAT, Boulevard Brown 2915, U9120ACD Puerto Madryn, Chubut, Argentina
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31
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Shi W, Han Y, Sun S, Tang Y, Zhou W, Du X, Liu G. Immunotoxicities of microplastics and sertraline, alone and in combination, to a bivalve species: size-dependent interaction and potential toxication mechanism. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 396:122603. [PMID: 32289642 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.122603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 03/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Although coexposure to pharmaceuticals and microplastics (MPs) may frequently occur, the synergistic impact of MPs and antidepressants on marine species still remains poorly understood. In this study, the immunotoxicities of polystyrene MPs (diameters 500 nm and 30 μm) and sertraline (Ser), alone and in combination, were investigated in a bivalve mollusk Tegillarca granosa. Results showed that both MPs and Ser significantly suppressed the immune responses of T. granosa. In addition, though the toxic effect of Ser was not affected by microscale MPs, an evident synergistic immuno-toxic effect was observed between Ser and nanoscale MPs, which indicates a size-dependent interaction between the two. To further ascertain the underlying toxication mechanisms, the intracellular content of reactive oxygen species, apoptosis status, ATP content, pyruvate kinase activity, plasma cortisol level, and in vivo concentrations of neurotransmitters and cytochrome P450 1A1 were analysed. A transcriptomic analysis was also performed to reveal global molecular alterations following Ser and/or MPs exposure. The obtained results indicated that the presence of nanoscale MPs may enhance the immunotoxicity of Ser by (i) inducing apoptosis of haemocytes and, hence, reducing the THC; (ii) constraining the energy availability for phagocytosis; and (iii) hampering the detoxification of Ser.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Shi
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Yu Han
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Shuge Sun
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Yu Tang
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Weishang Zhou
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Xueying Du
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Guangxu Liu
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China.
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32
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Chen CF, Ju YR, Lim YC, Hsu NH, Lu KT, Hsieh SL, Dong CD, Chen CW. Microplastics and their affiliated PAHs in the sea surface connected to the southwest coast of Taiwan. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 254:126818. [PMID: 32330761 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Contamination by microplastics (MPs) and the associated organic pollutants has caused potential threats to the ecological environment of global waters. In this study, MPs were sampled by trawling from the surface waters of the estuary, fishing port entrance and harbor entrance areas connected to the southwestern coast of Taiwan. Moreover, the abundance, morphological characteristics, composition, and associated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) of MPs were analyzed. The abundance of MPs was 0.36 ± 0.21 items/m3, which was 6.4 ± 10.7% of the abundance of zooplanktons. The average abundance of MPs was the highest in the estuary area, indicating that river transport was the primary way for MPs to enter the ocean. The most dominant MPs were small (0.33-2 mm; 78.8 ± 8.1%), colored (60.0 ± 12.8%), fragments (66.1 ± 10.6%), comprising PE (52.6 ± 7.6%), and PP (38.7 ± 9.4%). The decomposition of various plastic products and disposable plastic packaging may be the most significant source. The total concentration of PAHs in MPs ranged from 104 to 3595 ng/g dw, with an average of 818 ± 874 ng/g dw. The diagnostic ratios and the results of principal component analysis (PCA) and multiple linear regression of the absolute principal component scores (MLR-APCS) indicated that the PAHs were mainly contributed from sources related to petrogenic (71.4%) and vehicles (28.6%). Most likely due to MPs on the sea surface coming into contact with floating oil spills from ships or floating tar particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Feng Chen
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung, 81157, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Ru Ju
- Department of Safety, Health and Environmental Engineering, National United University, Miaoli, 36063, Taiwan
| | - Yee Cheng Lim
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung, 81157, Taiwan
| | - Ning-Hsing Hsu
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung, 81157, Taiwan
| | - Kun-Tu Lu
- Department of Marine Environment and Engineering, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, 80424, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Ling Hsieh
- Department of Seafood Science, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung, 81157, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Di Dong
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung, 81157, Taiwan.
| | - Chiu-Wen Chen
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung, 81157, Taiwan.
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Prata JC, da Costa JP, Lopes I, Duarte AC, Rocha-Santos T. Environmental status of (micro)plastics contamination in Portugal. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 200:110753. [PMID: 32450440 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Plastics and microplastics are ubiquitous contaminants in aquatic ecosystems. This critical review is the first attempt at analyzing sources, concentration, impacts and solutions of (micro)plastic litter in Portugal based on all currently available literature. We found that, besides sea-based sources (e.g. shipping, fishing), 5717 t of mismanaged waste and 4.1 trillion microplastics from wastewater, mostly from untreated wastewater, are released to the environment every year. The highest concentrations are found in the North, Center and Lisbon regions, mostly comprised of consumer products, fishing gear and microplastics (<5 mm), especially fragments and pellets. This contamination has resulted in ingestion of plastics by organisms, including mussels, fishes, birds and turtles. Thus, every Portuguese citizen may consume 1440 microplastics a year based on the consumption of mollusks. Awareness campaigns, improvements in waste management and reductions in the release of untreated wastewater are recommended measures to reduce plastic pollution in Portugal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana C Prata
- Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM) & Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - João P da Costa
- Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM) & Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Isabel Lopes
- Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM) & Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Armando C Duarte
- Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM) & Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Teresa Rocha-Santos
- Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM) & Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal.
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Bissen R, Chawchai S. Microplastics on beaches along the eastern Gulf of Thailand - A preliminary study. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2020; 157:111345. [PMID: 32658701 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2020.111345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Several studies have shown the ubiquitousness of microplastics across ecosystems worldwide including significant amounts in beach sand. In Thailand, however, there is a lack of studies about the microplastic pollution of beaches. This study aimed to quantify microplastics at the high-tide line of 21 beaches along the eastern Gulf of Thailand. Observed amounts ranged from 420 to >200,000 counts/kg. Anthropogenic and environmental factors affect distribution and amount of microplastics. Tide-dominated beaches and beach sections protected by beachrocks exhibit higher microplastic amounts due to lesser hydrodynamics. While human activities have a visible impact, in some cases environmental factors seem to predominate. Despite effective protection efforts led by the government and NGOs, our study shows that the substantial microplastic pollution of beach sand requires a proper management system with appropriate laws and regulations, and a public awareness campaign to reduce effects of microplastics on organisms and their ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphael Bissen
- Department of Mining and Petroleum Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
| | - Sakonvan Chawchai
- Department of Geology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
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Narciso-Ortiz L, Coreño-Alonso A, Mendoza-Olivares D, Lucho-Constantino CA, Lizardi-Jiménez MA. Baseline for plastic and hydrocarbon pollution of rivers, reefs, and sediment on beaches in Veracruz State, México, and a proposal for bioremediation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:23035-23047. [PMID: 32333346 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-08831-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Plastic and hydrocarbon pollution in aquatic ecosystems is a worldwide reality and serious concern today. Plastic debris presents a threat to ecosystems and organisms. Hydrocarbons are also considered priority pollutants. The hydrophobicity of the polymer in combination with the high surface area causes plastics to act as a vector for organic contaminants such as hydrocarbons. The first aim of this work was to evaluate the presence of plastic and hydrocarbon pollution in water from two reefs and two rivers and to identify plastic in six sediment beaches in Veracruz State, Mexico. In addition, the second aim was to analyse the ability of a bacterial consortium to biodegrade hydrocarbons in an airlift bioreactor and to identify degrading bacterial strains of polyethylene terephthalate (PET). Microplastics (100 nm-5 mm) were found in four water samples. Fragments of plastic collected from the reefs ranged in size from 0.716 to 32 μm and in rivers from 0.833 to 784 μm. On the sediment beaches, macroplastics of sizes 2-10 cm were detected. A number of hydrocarbons were also detected in the water samples of both reefs and one river, including n-octane, n-nonane, phenanthrene, n-eicosane, n-dotriacontane, n-hexatriacontane, n-triacontane, and n-tetratriacontane. As a biotechnological alternative for remediation of hydrocarbons and plastics, we attempted to produce a collection of native microorganisms able to degrade them. This work shows results from the bioprospection of a bacterial consortium (Xanthomonas, Acinetobacter bouvetii, Shewanella, and Aquamicrobium lusatiense) for hydrocarbon biodegradation in an airlift bioreactor. The tested consortium was able to successfully degrade the maximum diesel concentration (20 g L-1) tested for 10 days. Also, the first visual evidence of PET degradation by an isolated forest-native bacterial strain showed that Bacillus muralis is the most efficient degrader.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leticia Narciso-Ortiz
- Instituto Tecnológico Superior de Tierra Blanca, Av. Veracruz S/N Esq. Héroes de Puebla, Colonia Pemex., C.P. 95180, Tierra Blanca, Veracruz, Mexico
| | - Alejandro Coreño-Alonso
- Universidad de Guanajuato, Lascuráin de Retana No. 5, Colonia Centro, C.P. 36000, Guanajuato, Gto., Mexico
| | - Diana Mendoza-Olivares
- Universidad de Guanajuato, Lascuráin de Retana No. 5, Colonia Centro, C.P. 36000, Guanajuato, Gto., Mexico
| | - Carlos Alexander Lucho-Constantino
- Centro de Investigaciones Químicas, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Carr. Pachuca-Tulancingo km 4.5, Ciudad Universitaria, C.P. 42184, Mineral de la Reforma, Hidalgo, Mexico
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Jeyasanta KI, Sathish N, Patterson J, Edward JKP. Macro-, meso- and microplastic debris in the beaches of Tuticorin district, Southeast coast of India. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2020; 154:111055. [PMID: 32174503 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2020.111055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
This study investigates the mean concentration and characteristics of macroplastics (>2.5 cm), mesoplastics (5 mm - 2.5 cm) and microplastics (<5 mm) on eight sandy beaches along the shoreline of Tuticorin, Tamil Nadu. Prevalence of plastic litters varies among the study sites depending on the intensity of fishing and other human activities. Mean concentrations of macroplastics (1.38 ± 78 to 6.16 ± 94 items/m2), mesoplastics (2 ± 0.8 to 17 ± 0.11 items/m2) and microplastics (25 ± 1.58 to 83 ± 49 items/m2) were estimated in respect of the polymers composing them namely PE, PP, PET, NY, PS and PVC, of which PE is the most predominant polymer. At Sites 1, 2, 3, 5 and 8 there is correlation between the intensity of fishing activity and the concentrations of macro- (p = 0.02) and microplastics (p = 0.03). Sites 4, 6 and 7 there is correlation established between the degree of recreational activity and the concentrations of meso- (p = 0.02) and microplastics (p = 0.01).
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Affiliation(s)
- K Immaculate Jeyasanta
- Suganthi Devadason Marine Research Institute, Tuticorin, Affiliated to Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Tirunelveli, India.
| | - Narmatha Sathish
- Suganthi Devadason Marine Research Institute, Tuticorin, Affiliated to Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Tirunelveli, India
| | - Jamila Patterson
- Suganthi Devadason Marine Research Institute, Tuticorin, Affiliated to Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Tirunelveli, India
| | - J K Patterson Edward
- Suganthi Devadason Marine Research Institute, Tuticorin, Affiliated to Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Tirunelveli, India
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Elizalde-Velázquez A, Subbiah S, Anderson TA, Green MJ, Zhao X, Cañas-Carrell JE. Sorption of three common nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) to microplastics. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 715:136974. [PMID: 32041000 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.136974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 01/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
High disposability, high durability, and indiscriminate use have led to the accumulation of plastics at uncontrolled rates in the environment. However, plastics are not the only source of water pollution in the environment. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are a group of pharmaceuticals widely and highly consumed in the market due to a low price and over-the-counter accessibility. NSAIDs are frequently detected in surface water environments at μg L-1 concentrations. In the present study, the sorption behavior of three NSAIDs (ibuprofen, naproxen, diclofenac) was examined with four types of microplastics (polystyrene (PS), ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE), average molecular weight medium density polyethylene (AMWPE), and polypropylene (PP)), under varying water conditions. Low sorption occurred between NSAIDs and microplastics under environmentally relevant conditions. The sorption process exhibited a pronounced pH dependency due to the effect of pH on the speciation of the compounds and the surface charge of the particles. Only under acidic conditions (pH: 2), NSAIDs were highly sorbed onto microplastics mainly ruled by hydrophobic interactions. Among NSAIDs tested, diclofenac exhibited the highest sorption coefficients to microplastics. Polyethylene particles exhibited the highest affinity for NSAIDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armando Elizalde-Velázquez
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, The Institute of Environmental and Human Health, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, United States
| | - Seenivasan Subbiah
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, The Institute of Environmental and Human Health, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, United States
| | - Todd A Anderson
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, The Institute of Environmental and Human Health, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, United States
| | - Micah J Green
- Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Xiaofei Zhao
- Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Jaclyn E Cañas-Carrell
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, The Institute of Environmental and Human Health, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, United States.
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Bridson JH, Patel M, Lewis A, Gaw S, Parker K. Microplastic contamination in Auckland (New Zealand) beach sediments. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2020; 151:110867. [PMID: 32056647 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.110867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We report the first large-scale investigation of microplastic contamination in beach sediments across Auckland, New Zealand's most populous region. Sediment samples were taken from the high tide and intertidal zones at 39 sites across estuary, harbour and ocean environments of the East and West Coasts. Microplastic contamination was present at the majority of beaches studied with a mean abundance of 459 particles.m-2 ranging from 0 to 2615 particles.m-2. High variability was observed between the sites, indicating the importance of small-scale factors on microplastic contamination. Samples from high and intertidal zones showed no significant difference in microplastic contamination (p = 0.225). The West Coast beaches exhibited higher microplastic contamination compared with East Coast beaches (p = 0.004). Microplastics were predominately fibres (88%), with lower proportions of fragments (8%) and films (4%). The majority of the microplastics analysed were regenerated cellulose (34%), polyethylene terephthalate (22%) and polyethylene (15%).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Meeta Patel
- Scion, 49 Sala Street, Rotorua 3010, New Zealand
| | - Anita Lewis
- Scion, 49 Sala Street, Rotorua 3010, New Zealand; Toi Ohomai Institute of Technology, Tauranga, New Zealand
| | - Sally Gaw
- School of Physical and Chemical Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Kate Parker
- Scion, 49 Sala Street, Rotorua 3010, New Zealand.
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Li Y, Li M, Li Z, Yang L, Liu X. Effects of particle size and solution chemistry on Triclosan sorption on polystyrene microplastic. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 231:308-314. [PMID: 31132537 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.05.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Revised: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
PS microplastic particle (<5 mm) is an emerging contaminant of concern in aquatic and sediment systems with reported negative impacts on environmental and human health. TCS is a broad-spectrum antimicrobial which can affect ecosystems and result in long-term human health risks. The interaction between TCS and PS microplastic, partly determines the behavior and dispersion of TCS in the environment. In this study, the sorption kinetics and isotherms for TCS and PS microplastic were investigated. The influences of temperature, pH, ionic strength and coexisting heavy metals were assessed in batch experiments. The pseudo-second-order model (PSOM) was found to effectively describe the sorption kinetics of TCS on PS. TCS sorption on PS was found to be higher within the pH range of 3.0-6.0, while a decrease occurred at pH > 6.0. This result indicates that TCS0 was the major species contributing to the sorption process through hydrophobic interaction. Temperature did not affect the sorption of TCS on polystyrene, with sorption Kd values of 0.15, 0.16, 0.18 and 0.17 L/g at 288, 298, 308 and 318 K, respectively. Furthermore, the sorption amount of TCS showed no obvious variation with NaCl concentrations varying between 0.001 and 0.1 M. Finally, the coexistence of Cu(II)/Zn(II) had no significant influence on TCS sorption on PS, as Cu(II)/Zn(II) and TCS had different mechanisms of sorption on PS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yandan Li
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Miao Li
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
| | - Zhen Li
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Lei Yang
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Xiang Liu
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
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40
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Bayo J, Rojo D, Olmos S. Abundance, morphology and chemical composition of microplastics in sand and sediments from a protected coastal area: The Mar Menor lagoon (SE Spain). ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 252:1357-1366. [PMID: 31254893 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Revised: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents the abundance and ubiquitous presence of microplastics in a protected coastal zone located in the southeast of Spain: The Mar Menor lagoon, an important tourist destination in this region. Seventeen sampling sites, corresponding to both intertidal and backshore points, were collected during winter 2017 and 2018, being situated in different protected areas according to international, European and Spanish environmental policies. The main objectives of the study were to examine microplastics in both protected and non-protected areas, and to test the importance of local activities on their presence. Northwest samples reported higher average microplastic concentrations than samples collected in the southeastern part of the coastal lagoon, likely due to the extensive use of sludge from wastewater treatment plants besides the fragmentation of low density polyethylene from plastic greenhouses, being microplastic films also higher for northwest than for southeast samples. Moreover, large inter-site differences observed in microplastic concentrations also demonstrated that local activities, mainly tourism and fishery, may play an important role as microplastic sources. The extensive amount of 17 different polymer types identified in this paper, much higher than most reported in similar studies, together with the variety of colors of microplastics most of them in a fragmented form (59.4%) and mainly detected in urban beaches, should be related to the geographical situation of this coastal lagoon, together with enormous environmental passives accumulated over the past 50 years. Only polyvinyl ester resins proved to be statistically higher in non-protected than in protected zones, probably related to their use in manufacturing boat hulls, although sources and pathways for microplastics are always difficult to assess. Measures to avoid microplastic pollution should be taken through educational programs, with also a clear commitment from plastic producers and transformers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Bayo
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Cartagena, Paseo Alfonso XIII 44, E-30203, Cartagena, Spain.
| | - Dolores Rojo
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Cartagena, Paseo Alfonso XIII 44, E-30203, Cartagena, Spain
| | - Sonia Olmos
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Cartagena, Paseo Alfonso XIII 44, E-30203, Cartagena, Spain
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Pinheiro LM, Monteiro RCP, Ivar do Sul JA, Costa MF. Do beachrocks affect microplastic deposition on the strandline of sandy beaches? MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2019; 141:569-572. [PMID: 30955769 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Revised: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The strandline is one of the first deposition habitats of microplastics before they are integrated to the beach as a standing stock or finally removed. Beaches, entirely or partially protected by beachrocks, have different sediment dynamics and therefore may present variation in microplastic deposition. The aim of this work was to test if protected and unprotected (i.e., exposed to waves) areas of a sandy beach present different microplastic accumulation on the strandline - a habitat greatly influenced by both water and sediment dynamics. Microplastic (MP) amounts were significantly higher at the protected area (Mprotected = 642.6 ± 514.8 MP m-2, Mexposed = 130.6 ± 126.8 MP m-2, Mann-Whitney U test, U = 14.5, p = 0.0009), showing that beachrocks influence microplastic accumulation on the beach face. Therefore, hard structures parallel to the beach may also affect microplastics deposition on beach sediments, being important to consider these structures on microplastic surveys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara M Pinheiro
- Laboratory of Ecology and Management of Estuarine and Coastal Environments, Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Av. Da Arquitetura s/n, 500740-540 Recife, PE, Brazil; Laboratory of Organic Microcontaminants and Aquatic Ecotoxicology, Institute of Oceanography, Federal University of Rio Grande (FURG), Av. Itália km 8, 96201-900 Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Raqueline C P Monteiro
- Laboratory of Ecology and Management of Estuarine and Coastal Environments, Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Av. Da Arquitetura s/n, 500740-540 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Juliana A Ivar do Sul
- Laboratory of Ecology and Management of Estuarine and Coastal Environments, Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Av. Da Arquitetura s/n, 500740-540 Recife, PE, Brazil; Leibniz Institute for Baltic Sea Research (IOW), Seestrasse 15, 18119 Rostock, Germany.
| | - Monica F Costa
- Laboratory of Ecology and Management of Estuarine and Coastal Environments, Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Av. Da Arquitetura s/n, 500740-540 Recife, PE, Brazil
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Tan X, Yu X, Cai L, Wang J, Peng J. Microplastics and associated PAHs in surface water from the Feilaixia Reservoir in the Beijiang River, China. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 221:834-840. [PMID: 30684781 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics have been a prevalent and persistent contamination problem in the global aquatic environment. In particular, microplastics that can adsorb persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and therefore transfer these POPs to organisms in the aquatic environment have received much attention. In this study, an investigation of microplastics in the surface water of the Feilaixia Reservoir (Guangdong Province, China), which is an important part of people's daily lives in Guangdong Province was carried out, mainly focusing on the characteristics and spatial distribution of microplastics, as well as microplastics and their adsorded PAHs in the surface water of the Feilaixia Reservoir were investigated. The average abundance of microplastics in the surface water of the Feilaixia Reservoir was 0.56 ± 0.45 items/m3. Six kinds of polymers, including polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polystyrene (PS), expanded polystyrene (EPS), polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and polyethylene terephthalate (PET), were identified, among which PP (52.31%) and PE (27.39%) were the major compositions. Four shapes of microplastics, i.e., foams, films, fragments and fibers were found, and films (37.78%) being the main shape. The most common typical size of the plastic particles ranged from 0.6 to 2 mm (41.36%). The total concentration of the sixteen PAHs carried on the EPS, PE and PP microplastics ranged from 282.4 to 427.3 ng/g; chrysene, benzo [ghi] perylene, and phenanthrene were abundant in the samples, at concentrations of 39.5-89.6 ng/g, 34.6-56.8 ng/g and 25.6-45.6 ng/g, respectively. Based on the ratios of the PAH isomers (Flut/Py < 1 and Phe/Ant >10), it was speculated that the source of the PAHs may be derived from the imperfect combustion of fossil fuels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangling Tan
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Xubiao Yu
- Faculty of Architectural, Civil Engineering and Environment, Ningbo University, Zhejiang, 315211, China
| | - Liqi Cai
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Jundong Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Jinping Peng
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
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Wang R, Liu X. Environmental processes and ecological effects of microplastics in the ocean. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1088/1755-1315/227/5/052047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Li R, Zhang L, Xue B, Wang Y. Abundance and characteristics of microplastics in the mangrove sediment of the semi-enclosed Maowei Sea of the south China sea: New implications for location, rhizosphere, and sediment compositions. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 244:685-692. [PMID: 30384074 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.10.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Revised: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Microplastic pollution of intertidal mangrove ecosystems is receiving growing attention, and scientists suspect that the microplastic pollution of semi-enclosed seas is significantly different from that of other coastal types because of their unique geographical features. However, data on the distributions and characteristics of microplastics in the mangrove sediment of semi-enclosed seas are very limited. This study selected the Maowei Sea, a typical semi-enclosed sea, as its representative study site. The analysis revealed that the microplastic abundances in the river estuaries were much lower than those at the oceanic entrance zones, with values ranging from 520 ± 8 to 940 ± 17 items/kg. Polyethylene (PE)/polypropylene (PP)/polystyrene (PS), white/transparent, and <1 mm were the dominant type, colour, and size of the microplastics, respectively, in the observed mangrove sediments. Moreover, some other factors, including the rhizosphere/non-rhizosphere and the proportion of organic matter, codetermined the distribution and characteristics of microplastics. Specifically: (1) the percentage of colorful microplastics were higher in the rhizosphere due to the microbial activities and (2) positive linear relationships were found between the pore volume (PV) values of the free particulate organic matter (FPOM), occluded particulate organic matter (OPOM) (1.6-2.0 g/cm3 and >2.0 g/cm3), and the abundance of very small microplastics (<1 mm).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruilong Li
- School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, PR China; Guangxi Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, PR China; Coral Reef Research Center of China, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361000, PR China
| | - Linlin Zhang
- School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, PR China; Guangxi Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, PR China; Coral Reef Research Center of China, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, PR China
| | - Baoming Xue
- School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, PR China; Guangxi Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, PR China; Coral Reef Research Center of China, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, PR China
| | - Yinghui Wang
- School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, PR China; Guangxi Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, PR China; Coral Reef Research Center of China, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, PR China.
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Ilyas M, Ahmad W, Khan H, Yousaf S, Khan K, Nazir S. Plastic waste as a significant threat to environment - a systematic literature review. REVIEWS ON ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH 2018; 33:383-406. [PMID: 30205648 DOI: 10.1515/reveh-2017-0035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Context Materials which exceed the balance of their production and destruction lead to the deterioration in the environment. Plastic is one such material which poses a big threat to the environment. A huge amount of plastic is produced and dumped into the environment which does not readily degrade naturally. In this paper, we address the organization of a large body of literature published on the management of waste plastics being the most challenging issue of the modern world. Objectives To address the issue of the management of waste plastics, there is a dire need to organize the literature published in this field. This paper presents a systematic literature review on plastic waste, its fate and biodegradation in the environment. The objective is to make conclusions on possible practical techniques to lessen the effects of plastic waste on the environment. Method A systematic literature review protocol was followed for conducting the present study [Kitchenham B, Brereton OP, Budgen D, Turner M, Bailey J, Linkman S. Systematic literature reviews in software engineering - A systematic literature review. Inf Softw Technol 2009;51(1):7-15.]. A predefined set of book sections, conference proceedings and high-quality journal publications during the years 1999 to September 2017 were used for data collection. Results One hundred and fifty-three primary studies are selected, based on predefined exclusion, inclusion and quality criteria. These studies will help to identify the fate of different waste plastics, their impact and management and the disposal techniques frequently used. The study also identifies a number of significant techniques and measures for the conversion of waste plastic materials into useful products. Conclusion Five fundamental strategies are used for the handling of plastic waste. These strategies include: recycling, depositing in landfill, incineration, microbial degradation and conversion into useful materials. All of these methods have their own limitations, due to which there is need to explore the studies for optimum solutions of the management of plastics waste.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Ilyas
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Peshawar, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan
| | - Waqas Ahmad
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Hizbullah Khan
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Saeeda Yousaf
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Kifayatullah Khan
- Department of Environmental and Conservation Sciences, University of Swat, Swat, Pakistan
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shah Nazir
- Department of Computer Sciences, University of Swabi, Swabi 23340, Pakistan
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Rangel-Buitrago N, Castro-Barros JD, Adriana Gracia C, Villadiego JDV, Williams AT. Litter impacts on beach/dune systems along the Atlantico Department, the Caribbean Coastline of Colombia. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2018; 137:35-44. [PMID: 30503443 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2018.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Revised: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Eight beach/dune systems located along the Atlantico Department, Caribbean coast of Colombia were surveyed to determine litter influences over its scenic quality. Application of the Coastal Scenic Evaluation System (CSES) categorized these systems into two of the five available classes. Five of the investigated beach/dune systems belong to Class IV, while three systems correspond to V. Classes I, II and III were not found. Along these beach/dune systems, a total amount of 1908 litter items were collected with average abundances of 4.2 items/m2. Currently, 82% of surveyed sites are under an unacceptable condition of cleanness. User's habits as well as bad litter management practices are directly responsible for the decline of scenic quality of the Atlantico Department beach/dune systems. Litter management must be centered on strategies to eliminate or minimize litter sources. Specific remedial actions need to be defined and developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nelson Rangel-Buitrago
- Programa de Física, Facultad de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad del Atlántico, Barranquilla, Atlántico, Colombia; Programa de Biologia, Facultad de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad del Atlántico, Barranquilla, Atlántico, Colombia.
| | - Julian Dario Castro-Barros
- Programa de Biologia, Facultad de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad del Atlántico, Barranquilla, Atlántico, Colombia
| | - C Adriana Gracia
- Programa de Biologia, Facultad de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad del Atlántico, Barranquilla, Atlántico, Colombia
| | | | - Allan T Williams
- Faculty of Architecture, Computing, and Engineering, University of Wales: Trinity Saint David Swansea, Wales, United Kingdom
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Ríos N, Frias JPGL, Rodríguez Y, Carriço R, Garcia SM, Juliano M, Pham CK. Spatio-temporal variability of beached macro-litter on remote islands of the North Atlantic. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2018; 133:304-311. [PMID: 30041319 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2018.05.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Revised: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Marine litter has been identified as one of the major environmental problems that oceans are currently facing. Worldwide efforts are being made to reduce the input of litter into the oceans, and projects aimed at monitoring their quantities are key to evaluate their success. This study, provide baseline information on the quantities of marine litter found on 42 beaches spread throughout the nine islands of the Azores archipelago, North Atlantic Ocean. A total of 31,439 items were collected throughout the archipelago with an average density of 0.62 ± 0.15 macro-litter items m-2. Of this litter 87% were plastic and its majority (67%) plastic fragments. Six beaches were further monitored every three months for two years. Substrate type and wind exposure were important factors for explaining patterns of litter deposition. Our results highlight that marine litter have the tendency to accumulate in remote islands of the North Atlantic Ocean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noelia Ríos
- OMA - Observatório do Mar dos Açores, Fábrica da Baleia de Porto Pim, Monte da Guia, 9900 Horta, Faial, Portugal
| | - João P G L Frias
- MFRC - Marine and Freshwater Research Centre, Galway-Mayo Institute of Technology (GMIT), Dublin Road, Galway, Ireland; IMAR - Instituto do Mar, Departamento de Oceanografia e Pescas, Universidade dos Açores, 9901-862 Horta, Portugal
| | - Yasmina Rodríguez
- OKEANOS - Universidade dos Açores, Departamento de Oceanografia e Pescas, 9901-862 Horta, Portugal; IMAR - Instituto do Mar, Departamento de Oceanografia e Pescas, Universidade dos Açores, 9901-862 Horta, Portugal
| | - Rita Carriço
- OKEANOS - Universidade dos Açores, Departamento de Oceanografia e Pescas, 9901-862 Horta, Portugal; IMAR - Instituto do Mar, Departamento de Oceanografia e Pescas, Universidade dos Açores, 9901-862 Horta, Portugal
| | - Sofia M Garcia
- DRAM - Direção Regional dos Assuntos do Mar/Regional Directorate for Sea Affairs, Secretaria Regional do Mar, Ciência e Tecnologia, Colónia Alemã - Apartado 9, 9900-014 Horta, Faial, Portugal
| | - Manuela Juliano
- OKEANOS - Universidade dos Açores, Departamento de Oceanografia e Pescas, 9901-862 Horta, Portugal
| | - Christopher K Pham
- OKEANOS - Universidade dos Açores, Departamento de Oceanografia e Pescas, 9901-862 Horta, Portugal.
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Ogunola OS, Onada OA, Falaye AE. Mitigation measures to avert the impacts of plastics and microplastics in the marine environment (a review). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:9293-9310. [PMID: 29470754 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-1499-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The increasing demand for and reliance on plastics as an everyday item, and rapid rise in their production and subsequent indiscriminate disposal, rise in human population and industrial growth, have made the material an important environmental concern and focus of interest of many research. Historically, plastic production has increased tremendously to over 250 million tonnes by 2009 with an annual increased rate of 9%. In 2015, the global consumption of plastic materials was reported to be > 300 million tonnes and is expected to surge exponentially. Because plastic polymers are ubiquitous, highly resistant to degradation, the influx of these persistent, complex materials is a risk to human and environmental health. Because microplastics are principally generated from the weathering or breakdown of larger plastics (macroplastics), it is noteworthy and expedient to discuss in detail, expatiate, and tackle this main source. Macro- and microplastic pollution has been reported on a global scale from the poles to the equator. The major problem of concern is that they strangulate and are ingested by a number of aquatic biota especially the filter feeders, such as molluscs, mussels, oysters, from where it enters the food chain and consequently could lead to physical and toxicological effects on aquatic organisms and human being as final consumers. To this end, in order to minimise the negative impacts posed by plastic pollution (macro- and microplastics), a plethora of strategies have been developed at various levels to reduce and manage the plastic wastes. The objective of this paper is to review some published literature on management measures of plastic wastes to curb occurrence and incidents of large- and microplastics pollution in the marine environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oluniyi Solomon Ogunola
- MSc International Studies in Aquatic Tropical Ecology, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany.
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Herrera A, Asensio M, Martínez I, Santana A, Packard T, Gómez M. Microplastic and tar pollution on three Canary Islands beaches: An annual study. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2018; 129:494-502. [PMID: 29106939 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2017.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Revised: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/07/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Marine debris accumulation was analyzed from three exposed beaches of the Canary Islands (Lambra, Famara and Las Canteras). Large microplastics (1-5mm), mesoplastics (5-25mm) and tar pollution were assessed twice a month for a year. There was great spatial and temporal variability in the Canary Island coastal pollution. Seasonal patterns differed at each location, marine debris concentration depended mainly of local-scale wind and wave conditions. The most polluted beach was Lambra, a remote beach infrequently visited. The types of debris found were mainly preproduction resin pellets, plastic fragments and tar, evidencing that pollution was not of local origin, but it cames from the open sea. The levels of pollution were similar to those of highly industrialized and contaminated regions. This study corroborates that the Canary Islands are an area of accumulation of microplastics and tar rafted from the North Atlantic Ocean by the southward flowing Canary Current.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Herrera
- Marine Ecophysiology Group (EOMAR), IU- ECOAQUA. Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Canary Islands, Spain.
| | - M Asensio
- Snorkeling Experience, Avenida Mesa y López 57, 15, 3510 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - I Martínez
- Marine Ecophysiology Group (EOMAR), IU- ECOAQUA. Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - A Santana
- Mathematics Department, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - T Packard
- Marine Ecophysiology Group (EOMAR), IU- ECOAQUA. Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - M Gómez
- Marine Ecophysiology Group (EOMAR), IU- ECOAQUA. Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Canary Islands, Spain
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Vélez-Rubio GM, Teryda N, Asaroff PE, Estrades A, Rodriguez D, Tomás J. Differential impact of marine debris ingestion during ontogenetic dietary shift of green turtles in Uruguayan waters. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2018; 127:603-611. [PMID: 29475703 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2017.12.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Revised: 12/16/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Anthropogenic debris ingestion has been reported for green turtles in all their life stages worldwide. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the marine debris ingestion by green turtles stranded in Uruguayan coast between 2005 and 2013. Debris items were categorized and quantified by frequency of occurrence, relative weight, volume and number of items. A total of 96 dead stranded turtles were analyzed and 70% presented debris in their guts. The majority of debris found were plastic, being hard plastics the most abundant in weight. We found no differences in debris ingestion in stranded turtles a long the Uruguayan coast. However we detected a negative correlation between the presence of debris and turtle's size. Smaller turtles are new recruits to neritic grounds indicating that the early juvenile stage of this species is the most vulnerable to this threat in the Southwestern Atlantic.
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Affiliation(s)
- G M Vélez-Rubio
- Marine Zoology Unit, Cavanilles Institute of Biodiversity and Evolutive Biology, University of Valencia, Aptdo. 22085, 46071, Valencia, Spain; Karumbe NGO, Av. Rivera 3245, CP 11400, Montevideo, Uruguay.
| | - N Teryda
- Marine Zoology Unit, Cavanilles Institute of Biodiversity and Evolutive Biology, University of Valencia, Aptdo. 22085, 46071, Valencia, Spain; Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Conicet, C 7600 Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - P E Asaroff
- Universidad Favaloro, Entre Ríos 495, C1079ABE, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - A Estrades
- Karumbe NGO, Av. Rivera 3245, CP 11400, Montevideo, Uruguay; Museo Nacional de Historia Natural, 25 de mayo 582, CC 399, CP 11000, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - D Rodriguez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Conicet, C 7600 Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - J Tomás
- Marine Zoology Unit, Cavanilles Institute of Biodiversity and Evolutive Biology, University of Valencia, Aptdo. 22085, 46071, Valencia, Spain.
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