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Murtaza G, Ahmed Z, Usman M, Iqbal R, Zulfiqar F, Tariq A, Ditta A. Physicochemical properties and performance of non-woody derived biochars for the sustainable removal of aquatic pollutants: A systematic review. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 359:142368. [PMID: 38763397 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
Biochar is a carbon-rich material produced from the partial combustion of different biomass residues. It can be used as a promising material for adsorbing pollutants from soil and water and promoting environmental sustainability. Extensive research has been conducted on biochars prepared from different feedstocks used for pollutant removal. However, a comprehensive review of biochar derived from non-woody feedstocks (NWF) and its physiochemical attributes, adsorption capacities, and performance in removing heavy metals, antibiotics, and organic pollutants from water systems needs to be included. This review revealed that the biochars derived from NWF and their adsorption efficiency varied greatly according to pyrolysis temperatures. However, biochars (NWF) pyrolyzed at higher temperatures (400-800 °C) manifested excellent physiochemical and structural attributes as well as significant removal effectiveness against antibiotics, heavy metals, and organic compounds from contaminated water. This review further highlighted why biochars prepared from NWF are most valuable/beneficial for water treatment. What preparatory conditions (pyrolysis temperature, residence time, heating rate, and gas flow rate) are necessary to design a desirable biochar containing superior physiochemical and structural properties, and adsorption efficiency for aquatic pollutants? The findings of this review will provide new research directions in the field of water decontamination through the application of NWF-derived adsorbents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghulam Murtaza
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science & Technology, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Zeeshan Ahmed
- Xinjiang Institute of Ecology & Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830011, China; Xinjiang Institute of Ecology & Geography, Cele National Station of Observation and Research for Desert-Grassland Ecosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xinjiang, 848300, China; College of Life Science, Shenyang Normal University, Shenyang, 110034, China.
| | - Muhammad Usman
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Minghang District, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Rashid Iqbal
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Faisal Zulfiqar
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Akash Tariq
- Xinjiang Institute of Ecology & Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830011, China; Xinjiang Institute of Ecology & Geography, Cele National Station of Observation and Research for Desert-Grassland Ecosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xinjiang, 848300, China
| | - Allah Ditta
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University, Sheringal, Dir (Upper), 18000, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan; School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia.
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2
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Chen J, Zhou J, Zheng W, Leng S, Ai Z, Zhang W, Yang Z, Yang J, Xu Z, Cao J, Zhang M, Leng L, Li H. A complete review on the oxygen-containing functional groups of biochar: Formation mechanisms, detection methods, engineering, and applications. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 946:174081. [PMID: 38908575 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.174081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 06/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/24/2024]
Abstract
Biochar is a porous carbon material generated by the thermal treatment of biomass under anaerobic or anoxic conditions with wealthy Oxygen-containing functional groups (OCFGs). To date, OCFGs of biochar have been extensively studied for their significant utility in pollutant removal, catalysis, capacitive applications, etc. This review adopted a whole system philosophy and systematically summarizes up-to-date knowledge of formation, detection methods, engineering, and application for OCFGs. The formation mechanisms and detection methods of OCFGs, as well as the relationships between OCFGs and pyrolysis conditions (such as feedstocks, temperature, atmosphere, and heating rate), were discussed in detail. The review also summarized strategies and mechanisms for the oxidation of biochar to afford OCFGs, with the performances and mechanisms of OCFGs in the various application fields (environmental remediation, catalytic biorefinery, and electrode material) being highlighted. In the end, the future research direction of biochar OCFGs was put forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiefeng Chen
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, China
| | - Junhui Zhou
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, China
| | - Wei Zheng
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, China
| | - Songqi Leng
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Western University, London, ON N6A 5B9, Canada
| | - Zejian Ai
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, China
| | - Weijin Zhang
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, China
| | - Zequn Yang
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, China
| | - Jianping Yang
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, China
| | - Zhengyong Xu
- Hunan Modern Environmental Technology Co., LTD., 410000, China
| | - Jianbing Cao
- Research Department of Hunan Eco-environmental Affairs Center, Changsha 410000, China
| | - Mingguang Zhang
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, China
| | - Lijian Leng
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, China; Xiangjiang Laboratory, Changsha 410205, China.
| | - Hailong Li
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, China.
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3
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Wang Z, Su N, Zheng B, Liu Y, Qian T, Wu D. Effects of calcium-to-silicon ratio on the properties of fly ash-based tobermorite and its removal performance of Zn 2+ and Mn 2. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:39194-39207. [PMID: 38814553 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-33837-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
The effects of calcium-to-silicon ratio on the properties of fly ash (FA)-based tobermorite and its removal performance of Zn2+ and Mn2+ were studied. The calcium-to-silicon ratio had a significant effect on the structural properties of the tobermorite samples. The specific surface area, pore volume, and average pore size of mesoporous tobermorite samples with different calcium-to-silicon ratios (0.8TOB, 1.2TOB, and 1.6TOB) were much larger than those of FA, and those of 1.2TOB were the largest, which were 53.29 m2/g, 0.448 cm3/g, and 30.50 nm, respectively. The removal efficiencies of Zn2+ and Mn2+ by 1.2TOB were 84.19% and 47.67%, respectively, which were much higher than those of 0.8TOB (60.62% and 42.41%), 1.6TOB (46.69% and 24.31%), and FA (4.13% and 6.95%). The adsorption of Zn2+ and Mn2+ by 0.8TOB, 1.2TOB, and 1.6TOB was corresponding to the pseudo-second-order kinetic model and Langmuir isotherm model. Particularly, 1.2 TOB showed the highest maximum adsorption capacities of Zn2+ and Mn2+ calculated from the Langmuir model, which were 129.70 mg/g and 82.09 mg/g, respectively. Moreover, the adsorption mechanisms might be due to the combination with -OH and the interlayer adsorption of the samples. This research provides new insight into the fly ash-based adsorbents towards Zn2+ and Mn2+ in wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zehua Wang
- School of Resources & Environment, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China.
| | - Ningning Su
- School of Resources & Environment, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Boying Zheng
- School of Resources & Environment, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Yiwen Liu
- School of Resources & Environment, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Tianjun Qian
- School of Resources & Environment, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Daishe Wu
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Pingxiang University, Pingxiang, 337000, China
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Kapoor RT, Zdarta J. Fabrication of engineered biochar for remediation of toxic contaminants in soil matrices and soil valorization. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 358:142101. [PMID: 38653395 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Biochar has emerged as an efficacious green material for remediation of a wide spectrum of environmental pollutants. Biochar has excellent characteristics and can be used to reduce the bioavailability and leachability of emerging pollutants in soil through adsorption and other physico-chemical reactions. This paper systematically reviewed previous researches on application of biochar/engineered biochar for removal of soil contaminants, and underlying adsorption mechanism. Engineered biochar are derivatives of pristine biochar that are modified by various physico-chemical and biological procedures to improve their adsorption capacities for contaminants. This review will promote the possibility to expand the application of biochar for restoration of degraded lands in the industrial area or saline soil, and further increase the useable area. This review shows that application of biochar is a win-win strategy for recycling and utilization of waste biomass and environmental remediation. Application of biochar for remediation of contaminated soils may provide a new solution to the problem of soil pollution. However, these studies were performed mainly in a laboratory or a small scale, hence, further investigations are required to fill the research gaps and to check real-time applicability of engineered biochar on the industrial contaminated sites for its large-scale application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riti Thapar Kapoor
- Centre for Plant and Environmental Biotechnology, Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida, 201 313, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Jakub Zdarta
- Institute of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Technology, Poznan University of Technology, Berdychowo 4, 60965, Poznan, Poland.
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Rasheed A, Rasheed F, Kayani WK, Jawad M, Ghous T, Irshad M. EDTA functionalized pine needle biochar (EDTA@BC); a valorized bio-material for removal of Ni(II) from aqueous solution. Microsc Res Tech 2024. [PMID: 38798148 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.24616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
The preparation of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) functionalized pine needles biochar (EDTA@BC) as a low-cost active adsorbent and its effectiveness in removing Ni(II) from aqueous solution at various conditions is reported in this paper. First, alkali activation was selected to render the pine needle biochar with an excellent porous structure and increased concentration of hydroxyl groups to facilitate grafting. Subsequently, a simple method was utilized to graft EDTA onto the biochar. The prepared EDTA@BC was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy dispersive x-ray spectrometry (EDX). Batch adsorption studies were conducted to assess the impact of various parameters such as solution pH, adsorbent dosage, adsorbate volume, and shaking time on the removal efficiency of Ni(II). At pH 6, 100 mg dosage, 4 mL of adsorbate volume, and 10 min of shaking time, the maximum removal efficiency of Ni(II) was observed to be 89%. EDTA@BC showed reasonable sorption performance still after the third cycle of regeneration. The effect of interfering ions such as Pb, Cr, Cu, and Hg was evaluated, resulting a decrease of 69%, 78%, 76%, and 68%, respectively, in its sorption capacity. The Langmuir model provided a better fit for Ni(II) in the concentration range of 0.1-2000 ppm under optimized conditions, with qmax of 46.69 ± 1.031 mg/g and KL of 0.001, compared with the Freundlich isotherm, which yielded n = 0.234 and χ2 = 2.7899, Temkin isotherm (R2 = 0.9520), and Redlich-Peterson isotherm (R2 = 0.9725). The removal of Ni(II) by EDTA@BC was found to be the pseudo-second-order kinetics. Thermodynamic studies indicated adsorption process to be endothermic and nonspontaneous. Hence, a sustainable valorized bio-material (EDTA@BC) is prepared having better sorption efficiency of Ni(II) from aqueous solution with possible wide applicability. RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS: New EDTA functionalized indigenous pine needles biochar (EDTA@BC) was prepared. This low-cost active adsorbent found effective in removing Ni(II) from aqueous solution. FTIR, SEM, and EDX proved synthesis and uptake of Ni(II) from aqueous solution. Ni(II) removal, regeneration, interfering and adsorption studies were performed by UV-Vis spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aamir Rasheed
- Faculty of Basic and Applied Sciences, Chemistry Department, University of Kotli, Kotli, Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan
| | - Faiza Rasheed
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Waqas Khan Kayani
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Kotli, Kotli, Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Jawad
- Faculty of Basic and Applied Sciences, Chemistry Department, University of Kotli, Kotli, Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan
| | - Tahseen Ghous
- Department of Chemistry, Mirpur University of Science & Technology (MUST), Mirpur, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Irshad
- Faculty of Basic and Applied Sciences, Chemistry Department, University of Kotli, Kotli, Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan
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Tan R, Li K, Sun Y, Fan X, Shen Z, Tang L. Sustainable management of campus fallen leaves through low-temperature pyrolysis and application in Pb immobilization. J Environ Sci (China) 2024; 139:281-292. [PMID: 38105055 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2023.05.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Realizing campus sustainability requires the environmental-friendly and economical treatment of tremendous fallen leaves. Producing fallen leaf biochar at a low temperature is a candidate approach. In this study, six common types of fallen leaves on the campus were pyrolyzed at 300 °C. The obtained biochars were characterized and the adsorption mechanisms of lead (Pb) by the fallen leaf biochars were investigated. The adsorption capacity of leaf biochar for Pb was relatively high, up to 209 mg/g (Yulania denudata leaf biochar). Adsorption of Pb onto active sites was the rate-limiting step for most leaf biochars. But for Platanus leaf biochar, intraparticle diffusion of Pb2+ dominated owing to the lowest adsorption capacity. However, the highest exchangeable Pb fraction (27%) indicated its potential for removing aqueous Pb2+. Ginkgo and Prunus cerasifera leaf biochar immobilized Pb by surface complexation and precipitation as lead oxalate. Hence, they were suitable for soil heavy metal remediation. This study shed the light on the sustainable utilization of campus fallen leaves and the application of fallen leaf biochars in heavy metal remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongli Tan
- School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Ke Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yue Sun
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xiaoliang Fan
- School of Earth and Engineering Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Zhengtao Shen
- School of Earth and Engineering Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Lingyi Tang
- Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton T6G 2E3, Canada.
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7
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Zhao Z, Chen J, Gao S, Lu T, Li L, Farooq U, Gang S, Lv M, Qi Z. Low-molecular-weight aromatic acids mediated the adsorption of Cd 2+ onto biochars: effects and mechanisms. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:15597-15610. [PMID: 38300497 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-32253-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
Low-molecular-weight aromatic acids (LWMAAs), a ubiquitous organic substance in natural systems, are important in controlling the environmental fate of potentially toxic metals. However, little is known about the effects of LWMAAs on the interactions between biochars and potentially toxic metals. Herein, the influences of three aromatic acids, including benzoic acid (BA), p-hydroxy benzoic acid (PHBA), and syringic acid (SA), on the adsorption of Cd2+ onto biochars generated at three different pyrolysis temperatures under acidic and neutral conditions were examined. Generally, the adsorption ability of biochars for Cd2+ improved with the increase of pyrolysis temperature, which was ascribed to the increased inorganic element contents (e.g., P, S, and Si) and aromaticity, increasing the complexation between mineral anions and metal ions, and the enhanced cation-π interaction. Interestingly, aromatic acids considerably inhibited the adsorption of Cd2+ onto biochars, which was mainly ascribed to multi-mechanisms, including competition of LWMAA molecules and metal ions for adsorption sites, the pore blocking effect, the weakened interaction between mineral anions and Cd2+ induced by the adsorbed aromatic acids, and the formation of water-soluble metal-aromatic acid complexes. Furthermore, the inhibitory effects of LWMAAs on Cd2+ adsorption intensively depended on the aromatic acid type and followed the order of SA > PHBA > BA. This trend was related to the differences in the physicochemical features (e.g., the octanol/water partition coefficient (log Kow) and molecular size) of diverse LMWAAs. The results of this study demonstrate that the effects of coexisting LMWAAs should not be ignored when biochars are applied in soil remediation and wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Zhao
- Shandong Engineering Research Center for Environmental Protection and Remediation on Groundwater, No. 801 Hydrogeology and Engineering Geology Brigade, Shandong Provincial Bureau of Geology & Mineral Resources, Jinan, 250353, China
| | - Jiuyan Chen
- Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Materials, College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Shuai Gao
- Shandong Engineering Research Center for Environmental Protection and Remediation on Groundwater, No. 801 Hydrogeology and Engineering Geology Brigade, Shandong Provincial Bureau of Geology & Mineral Resources, Jinan, 250353, China
| | - Taotao Lu
- College of Hydraulic Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Lixia Li
- Shandong Engineering Research Center for Environmental Protection and Remediation on Groundwater, No. 801 Hydrogeology and Engineering Geology Brigade, Shandong Provincial Bureau of Geology & Mineral Resources, Jinan, 250353, China
| | - Usman Farooq
- Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Materials, College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Shenting Gang
- Shandong Engineering Research Center for Environmental Protection and Remediation on Groundwater, No. 801 Hydrogeology and Engineering Geology Brigade, Shandong Provincial Bureau of Geology & Mineral Resources, Jinan, 250353, China
| | - Minghui Lv
- Shandong Engineering Research Center for Environmental Protection and Remediation on Groundwater, No. 801 Hydrogeology and Engineering Geology Brigade, Shandong Provincial Bureau of Geology & Mineral Resources, Jinan, 250353, China
| | - Zhichong Qi
- Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Materials, College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China.
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Qi G, Pan Z, Zhang X, Wang H, Chang S, Wang B, Gao B. Novel pretreatment with hydrogen peroxide enhanced microwave biochar for heavy metals adsorption: Characterization and adsorption performance. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 346:140580. [PMID: 38303392 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Hydrogen peroxide (HP) was used to pretreat wheat straw (WS) for microwave biochar production at 100-600 W, the physicochemical properties of pretreated WS and biochar products as well as heavy metals adsorption performance were investigated. Results showed that HP enhanced specific surface area (SSA) and pore volume (PV) of WS, and the largest SSA (190.35 m2 g-1) and PV (0.1493 cm3 g-1) of biochar were obtained at microwave powers of 600 W (HPWS600) and 500 W (HPWS500), respectively. HPWS500 showed maximum adsorption capacities, which were 57.56, 190.21, and 65.16 mg g-1 for Cd2+, Pb2+, and Cu2+, respectively. Solution pH values and cation concentrations exhibited significant effects on adsorption capacities of biochar. The pseudo-second-order kinetic and Langmuir isotherm models fitted better for metal adsorption process. The FTIR results suggested that chemisorption mechanisms including precipitation with carbonate and complexation with oxygen-containing functional groups might be predominant adsorption mechanisms. These results suggest that HP pretreatment has excellent potential for biochar production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangdou Qi
- School of Environmental Engineering, Xuzhou University of Technology, Xuzhou, 221018, China
| | - Zhifei Pan
- School of Environmental Engineering, Xuzhou University of Technology, Xuzhou, 221018, China
| | - Xueyang Zhang
- School of Environmental Engineering, Xuzhou University of Technology, Xuzhou, 221018, China.
| | - Hongbo Wang
- School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan, 250000, China
| | - Shuaishuai Chang
- School of Environmental Engineering, Xuzhou University of Technology, Xuzhou, 221018, China; School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan, 250000, China
| | - Bing Wang
- College of Resource and Environmental Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Bin Gao
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, 12180, USA
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Padilla JT, Watts DW, Szogi AA, Johnson MG. Evaluation of a pH- and time-dependent model for the sorption of heavy metal cations by poultry litter-derived biochar. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 347:140688. [PMID: 37977530 PMCID: PMC10764054 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Common isotherm and kinetic models cannot describe the pH-dependent sorption of heavy metal cations by biochar. In this paper, we evaluated a pH-dependent, equilibrium/kinetic model for describing the sorption of cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb), and zinc (Zn) by poultry litter-derived biochar (PLB). We performed sorption experiments across a range of solution pH, initial metal concentration, and reaction time. The sorption of all five metals increased with increasing pH. For Cd, Cu, and Pb, kinetics experiments demonstrated that sorption rates were greater at pH 6.5 than at pH 4.5. For each metal, all sorption data were described using single set of four adjustable parameters. Sorption edge and isotherm data were well described with R2 > 0.93 in all cases. Time-dependent sorption was well described (R2 ≥ 0.90) for all metals except Pb (R2 = 0.77). We then used the best-fit model parameters to calculate linear distribution coefficients (KD) and equilibration times as a function of pH and initial solution concentration. These calculations provide a more robust way of characterizing biochar affinity for metal cations than Freundlich distribution coefficients or Langmuir sorption capacity. Because this model can characterize metal cation sorption by biochar across a wider range of reaction conditions than traditional isotherm or kinetic models, it is better suited for estimating metal cation/biochar interactions in engineered or natural systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua T Padilla
- Coastal Plains Soil, Water and Plant Research Center, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, 2611 West Lucas St., Florence, SC, 29501, USA.
| | - Donald W Watts
- Coastal Plains Soil, Water and Plant Research Center, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, 2611 West Lucas St., Florence, SC, 29501, USA
| | - Ariel A Szogi
- Coastal Plains Soil, Water and Plant Research Center, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, 2611 West Lucas St., Florence, SC, 29501, USA
| | - Mark G Johnson
- Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, United States Environmental Protection Agency, 200 SW 35th St., Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
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10
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Liu G, Zhang X, Liu H, He Z, Show PL, Vasseghian Y, Wang C. Biochar/layered double hydroxides composites as catalysts for treatment of organic wastewater by advanced oxidation processes: A review. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 234:116534. [PMID: 37399983 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
Heterogeneous advanced oxidation process has been widely studied as an effective method for removing organic pollutants in wastewater, but the development of efficient catalysts is still challenging. This review summaries the present status of researches on biochar/layered double hydroxides composites (BLDHCs) as catalysts for treatment of organic wastewater. The synthesis methods of layered double hydroxides, the characterizations of BLDHCs, the impacts of process factors influencing catalytic performance, and research advances in various advanced oxidation processes are discussed in this work. The integration of layered double hydroxides and biochar provides synthetic effects for improving pollutant removal. The enhanced pollutant degradation in heterogeneous Fenton, sulfate radical-based, sono-assisted, and photo-assisted processes using BLDHCs have been verified. Pollutant degradation in heterogeneous advanced oxidation processes using BLDHCs is influenced by process factors such as catalyst dosage, oxidant addition, solution pH, reaction time, temperature, and co-existing substances. BLDHCs are promising catalysts due to the unique features including easy preparation, distinct structure, adjustable metal ions, and high stability. Currently, catalytic degradation of organic pollutants using BLDHCs is still in its infancy. More researches should be conducted on the controllable synthesis of BLDHCs, the in-depth understanding of catalytic mechanism, the improvement of catalytic performance, and large-scale application of treating real wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gonggang Liu
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Materials Surface & Interface Science and Technology, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004, China
| | - Xiuxiu Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Hongwen Liu
- School of Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Zhangxing He
- College of Chemical Engineering, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, 063210, China
| | - Pau Loke Show
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Khalifa University, P.O. Box 127788, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Yasser Vasseghian
- Department of Chemistry, Soongsil University, Seoul, 06978, South Korea; School of Engineering, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon; University Centre for Research & Development, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Mohali, Punjab, 140413, India; Department of Sustainable Engineering, Saveetha School of Engineering, SIMATS, Chennai, 602105, India.
| | - Chongqing Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
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11
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Bassareh H, Karamzadeh M, Movahedirad S. Synthesis and characterization of cost-effective and high-efficiency biochar for the adsorption of Pb 2+ from wastewater. Sci Rep 2023; 13:15608. [PMID: 37730745 PMCID: PMC10511742 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-42918-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the adsorption mechanism of Pb2+ in wastewater using activated carbon derived from inexpensive materials, specifically avocado, bitter orange, and walnut leaves, through a single-step chemical activation process. The activated carbon was prepared using sulfuric acid as an activator, with a particle size of 1 mm. The pyrolysis reactor (slow-pyrolysis) operated at 600 °C for 90 min with a nitrogen flow rate of 5 L/min. Batch experiments were conducted under various conditions to determine the optimal dosage (1.5 g/L), equilibrium contact time (180 min), and pH (6.5). The study focused on employing cost-effective and highly efficient adsorbents, namely biochar produced from tree leaves, for the adsorption process. The results indicated that the pseudo-second-order kinetic model accurately described the adsorption process, while the Freundlich isotherm model best fit the experimental data. These findings suggest that tree leaves can serve as cost-effective and efficient adsorbents for a wide range of applications. Furthermore, multiple adsorption factors were evaluated in batch mode, including contact duration, pH, adsorbent dosage, concentration of the Pb2+ solution, and temperature. The maximum adsorption capacities for the activated carbon derived from avocado, bitter orange, and walnut leaves were found to be 60.46, 59.42, and 58.48 mg/g, respectively. Thus, this study highlights the effectiveness and economic feasibility of using pyrolysis-derived activated carbon from low-cost materials for the removal of Pb2+ from wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hatef Bassareh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoud Karamzadeh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Salman Movahedirad
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran.
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12
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Hu J, Shen Y, Zhu N. Optimizing adsorption performance of sludge-derived biochar via inherent moisture-regulated physicochemical properties. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2023; 169:70-81. [PMID: 37413847 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2023.06.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the impact of abundant inherent moisture in sewage sludge on the physicochemical properties and adsorption applications of sludge-derived biochar (SDB) contributed significantly to promoting economical sludge reuse. The moisture (0-80%) contributed to the development of micropore and mesopore in SDB at 400 °C, resulting in a maximum increase in specific surface area (SSA) and total pore volume (TPV) of SDB by 38.47% (84.811-117.437 m2/g) and 92.60% (0.0905-0.1743 m3/g), respectively. At 600/800 °C, moisture only facilitated mesopore formation, while was exacerbated with increasing moisture content. Despite reduction in SSA during this stage, TPV increased by a maximum of 20.47% (0.1700-0.2048 m3/g). The presence of moisture during pyrolysis led to an increase in the formation of 3-5 thickened benzene rings and defective structures in SDB, along with more C=O, O-C=O/-OH, pyrrole N, pyridine N, and thiophene. As a result, moisture (40%/80%) increased the maximum adsorption capacity (76.2694-88.0448/90.1190 mg/g) of SDB (600 °C) for tetracycline, mainly due to enhanced pore filling effect and hydrogen bonding induced by improved physicochemical properties. This study offered a novel approach for optimizing the performance of SDB adsorption applications by manipulating the sludge moisture, which is critical for practical sludge management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinwen Hu
- School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yanwen Shen
- School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Nanwen Zhu
- School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
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13
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Khan MH, Akash NM, Akter S, Rukh M, Nzediegwu C, Islam MS. A comprehensive review of coconut-based porous materials for wastewater treatment and CO 2 capture. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 338:117825. [PMID: 37031519 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.117825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
For several decades, water pollution has become a major threat to aquatic and non-aquatic species, including humans. Different treatment techniques have already been proposed and implemented depending on wastewater characteristics. But many of these treatment techniques are expensive and inefficient. Adsorption-based techniques have shown impressive performances as an inexpensive treatment method previously. Coconut-based resources have been considered as adsorbents for wastewater treatment because of their abundance, low cost, and favorable surface properties. However, over the last decade, no comprehensive study has been published regarding biochar from coconut-based materials for wastewater treatment and CO2 capture. This review discusses biochar production technology for coconut-based materials, its modification and characterization, its utilization as an adsorbent for removing metals and organics from wastewater, and the associated removal mechanisms and the economic aspects of coconut-based biochar. Coconut-based materials are cheap and effective for removing various organic compounds such as pesticides, hormones, phenol, and phenolic compounds from solutions and capturing CO2 from air mainly through the pore-filling mechanism. Utilizing coconut-based biochars in a hybrid system that combines adsorption and other techniques, such as biotechnology or chemical coagulation is a promising way to increase their performance as an adsorbent in wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmudul Hasan Khan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh; Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, United States
| | - Nasim Mahmud Akash
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Sonia Akter
- Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Mahe Rukh
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, North Carolina, United States
| | - Christopher Nzediegwu
- Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2E3, Canada
| | - Md Shahinoor Islam
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh.
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14
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Zhao Y, Liu X, Li W, Pei S, Ren Y, Li X, Qu C, Wu C, Liu J. Efficient and Selective Adsorption of Cationic Dye Malachite Green by Kiwi-Peel-Based Biosorbents. Molecules 2023; 28:5310. [PMID: 37513184 PMCID: PMC10385289 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28145310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, pristine kiwi peel (KP) and nitric acid modified kiwi peel (NA-KP) based adsorbents were prepared and evaluated for selective removal of cationic dye. The morphology and chemical structure of KP and NA-KP were fully characterized and compared, and results showed nitric acid modification introduced more functional groups. Moreover, the adsorption kinetics and isotherms of malachite green (MG) by KP and NA-KP were investigated and discussed. The results showed that the adsorption process of MG onto KP followed a pseudo-second-order kinetic model and the Langmuir isotherm model, while the adsorption process of MG onto NA-KP followed a pseudo-first-order kinetic model and the Freundlich isotherm model. Notably, the Langmuir maximum adsorption capacity of NA-KP was 580.61 mg g-1, which was superior to that of KP (297.15 mg g-1). Furthermore, thermodynamic studies demonstrated the feasible, spontaneous, and endothermic nature of the adsorption process of MG by NA-KP. Importantly, NA-KP showed superior selectivity to KP towards cationic dye MG against anionic dye methyl orange (MO). When the molar ratio of MG/MO was 1:1, the separation factor (αMG/MO) of NA-KP was 698.10, which was 5.93 times of KP. In addition, hydrogen bonding, π-π interactions, and electrostatic interaction played important roles during the MG adsorption process by NA-KP. This work provided a low-cost, eco-friendly, and efficient option for the selective removal of cationic dye from dyeing wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjun Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, No. 30 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xintong Liu
- School of Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business University, No. 33 Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Wenhui Li
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, No. 30 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Suyun Pei
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, No. 30 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yifan Ren
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, No. 30 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xinyang Li
- China Testing & Certification International Group Co., Ltd., No. 1 Guanzhuang Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100024, China
| | - Chen Qu
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, No. 30 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Chuandong Wu
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, No. 30 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Jiemin Liu
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, No. 30 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China
- Beijing Institute of Graphic Communication, No. 1 Xinghua Street (Section 2), Daxing District, Beijing 102600, China
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15
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Zhou T, Lu L, Tao S, Ma Y. Removal of Pb(II) and phosphorus in water by γ-Al 2O 3/biochar. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023:10.1007/s11356-023-27416-0. [PMID: 37166729 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-27416-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we synthesized activated alumina biochar composites (γ-Al2O3/BC) by sol-gel method, which improved the problem that the surface charge of γ-Al2O3 was not conducive to the removal of heavy metal cation in a neutral solution, and then explored the feasibility of removing Pb(II) by γ-Al2O3/BC as well as reusing Pb-laden waste sludge to remove phosphorus (P) and its micro-adsorption mechanisms. The results show that the maximum adsorption capacity of γ-Al2O3/BC for Pb(II) is 182.48 mg/g, and the removing capacity of recycled Pb-laden slag for P also reaches 87.13 mg/g. It was found that the presence of Pb in the slag makes P removal more effective. In addition, in the process of P removal, the Pb in the slag will not be released, which will not cause secondary pollution to the water. The micro-adsorption mechanism of Pb(II) and P on the composites was investigated by XPS, XRD, and FTIR. It demonstrates that special functional groups such as hydroxy-aluminum, hydroxyl, and carboxyl groups can remove Pb(II) through strong surface complexation and electrostatic attraction. Furthermore, the removal mechanism of P from Pb-laden sludge includes chemisorption and complexation, and the precipitation of P and Pb on the adsorbent surface is the main reason for the removal of P. Therefore, it is feasible to further effectively remove P by using the waste biochar containing Pb. The idea of this paper provides a potential method for the reuse of waste adsorbent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zhou
- College of Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, People's Republic of China
| | - Linghong Lu
- College of Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, People's Republic of China.
| | - Suwan Tao
- College of Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Ma
- College of Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, People's Republic of China
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16
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Kim HB, Kim JG, Alessi DS, Baek K. Mitigation of arsenic release by calcium peroxide (CaO 2) and rice straw biochar in paddy soil. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 324:138321. [PMID: 36878361 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Biochar has a great potential in the stabilization of soil heavy metals; however, the application can actually enhance the mobility of Arsenic (As) in soil. Here, a biochar-coupled calcium peroxide system was proposed to control the increase in As mobility caused by biochar amendment in paddy soil environment. The capability of rice straw biochar pyrolyzed at 500 °C (RB) and CaO2 to control As mobility was evaluated by incubation for 91 days. CaO2 encapsulation was performed for pH control of CaO2, and As mobility was evaluated using a mixture of RB + CaO2 powder (CaO2-p), and RB + CaO2 bead (CaO2-b), respectively. The control soil solely and RB alone were included for comparison. The combination of RB with CaO2 exhibited remarkable performance in controlling As mobility in soil, and As mobility decreased by 40.2% (RB + CaO2-p) and 58.9% (RB + CaO2-b) compared to RB alone. The result was due to high dissolved oxygen (6 mg L-1 in RB + CaO2-p and RB + CaO2-b) and calcium concentrations (296.3 mg L-1 in RB + CaO2-b); oxygen (O2) and Ca2+ derived from CaO2 is able to prevent the reductive dissolution and chelate-promoted dissolution of As bound to iron (Fe) oxide by biochar. This study revealed that the simultaneous application of CaO2 and biochar could be a promising way to mitigate the environmental risk of As.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Bin Kim
- Department of Environment and Energy (BK21 FOUR), Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeollabukdo, 54896, Republic of Korea; Soil Environment Research Center, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeollabukdo, 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Gook Kim
- Department of Environment and Energy (BK21 FOUR), Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeollabukdo, 54896, Republic of Korea; Soil Environment Research Center, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeollabukdo, 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Daniel S Alessi
- Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2E3, Canada
| | - Kitae Baek
- Department of Environment and Energy (BK21 FOUR), Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeollabukdo, 54896, Republic of Korea; Soil Environment Research Center, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeollabukdo, 54896, Republic of Korea; Department of Civil, Environmental, Resources and Energy Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeollabukdo, 54896, Republic of Korea.
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17
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Yuan Q, Wang P, Wang X, Hu B, Wang C, Xing X. Nano-chlorapatite modification enhancing cadmium(II) adsorption capacity of crop residue biochars. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 865:161097. [PMID: 36587697 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.161097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) contamination in rivers or lakes has attracted worldwide concerns. Biochar pyrolyzed form crop residues (CR) could adsorb Cd(II) from aquatic environments, while the removal capacity of single CR biochar is relatively low. Nano-chlorapatite (nClAP) modification can enhance metal scavenging ability, but little is known about the behaviors and mechanisms of Cd(II) adsorption by nClAP-modified CR biochars. In this study, the influences of feedstock type, pyrolysis temperature, nClAP modification and aquatic environments on Cd(II) adsorption of biochars derived from rice (RB) and wheat (WB) husks were investigated comprehensively. Results showed that the pristine RB and WB showed low and similar Cd(II) adsorption capacities, while the rise of pyrolysis temperatures from 300 to 600 °C significantly improved the adsorption capacities. The Cd(II) adsorption of both RB and WB was regarded as monolayer chemical processes controlled by chemical precipitation, surface complexation and cation exchange mechanisms. Moreover, the nClAP modification notably enhanced Cd(II) adsorption capacities from 13.2 to 39.9 mg·g-1 of pristine biochars to 25.2-60.7 mg·g-1 of modified biochars attributed to the improved contribution of Cd(II)-phosphate precipitation. Among all biochars, the nClAP-modified RB and WB pyrolyzed at 500 °C had the highest Cd(II) adsorption capacities with 60.7 and 48.3 mg·g-1, respectively. These biochars could maintain good adsorption performances under the neutral-alkaline (pH 6-8), low ionic strength, high dissolved organic matter and all oxidation-reduction potential conditions. In conclusion, this study reveals the importance of nClAP modification to optimize Cd(II) adsorption of CR biochars, which provides a promising future for its practical application in aquatic Cd(II) scavenging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiusheng Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resources Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210098, PR China
| | - Peifang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resources Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210098, PR China.
| | - Xun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resources Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210098, PR China
| | - Bin Hu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resources Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210098, PR China
| | - Chao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resources Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210098, PR China
| | - Xiaolei Xing
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resources Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210098, PR China
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18
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Pathy A, Pokharel P, Chen X, Balasubramanian P, Chang SX. Activation methods increase biochar's potential for heavy-metal adsorption and environmental remediation: A global meta-analysis. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 865:161252. [PMID: 36587691 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.161252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Removal of heavy metals (HMs) by adsorption on biochar's surface has shown promising results in the remediation of contaminated soil and water. The adsorption capacity of biochar can be altered by pre- or post-pyrolysis activation; however, the effect of activation methods on biochar's adsorption capacity varies widely. Here, we conducted a meta-analysis to identify the most effective methods for activation to enhance HM removal by biochar using 321 paired observations from 50 published articles. Activation of biochar significantly improves the adsorption capacity and removal efficiency of HMs by 136 and 80 %, respectively. This study also attempts to find suitable feedstocks, pyrolysis conditions, and physicochemical properties of biochar for maximizing the effect of activation of biochar for HMs adsorption. Activation of agricultural wastes and under pyrolysis temperatures of 350-550 °C produces biochars that are the most effective for HM adsorption. Activation of biochars with a moderate particle size (0.25-0.80 mm), low N/C (<0.01) and H/C ratios (<0.03), and high surface area (> 100 m2 g-1) and pore volume (> 0.1 cm3 g-1) are the most desirable characteristics for enhancing HM adsorption. We conclude that pre-pyrolysis activation with metal salts/oxides was the most effective method of enhancing biochar's potential for adsorption and removal of a wide range of HMs. The results obtained from this study can be helpful in choosing appropriate methods of activations and the suitable choice of feedstocks and pyrolysis conditions. This will maximize HM adsorption on biochar surfaces, ultimately benefiting the remediation of contaminated environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhijeet Pathy
- Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Land Reclamation International Graduate School, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Prem Pokharel
- Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Xinli Chen
- Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Paramasivan Balasubramanian
- Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Group, Department of Biotechnology and Medical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Odisha, India
| | - Scott X Chang
- Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Land Reclamation International Graduate School, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
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19
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Wang B, Lan J, Bo C, Gong B, Ou J. Adsorption of heavy metal onto biomass-derived activated carbon: review. RSC Adv 2023; 13:4275-4302. [PMID: 36760304 PMCID: PMC9891085 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra07911a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to the rapid development of the social economy and the massive increase in population, human beings continue to undertake processing, and commercial manufacturing activities of heavy metals, which has caused serious damage to the environment and human health. Heavy metals lead to serious environmental problems such as soil contamination and water pollution. Human health and the living environment are closely affected by the handling of heavy metals. Researchers must find several simple, economical and practical methods to adsorb heavy metals. Adsorption technology has been recognized as an efficient and economic strategy, exhibiting the advantages of recovering and reusing adsorbents. Biomass-derived activated carbon adsorbents offer large adjustable specific surface area, hierarchically porous structure, strong adsorption capacity, and excellent high economic applicability. This paper focuses on reviewing the preparation methods of biomass-derived activated carbon in the past five years. The application of representative biomass-derived activated carbon in the adsorption of heavy metals preferentially was described to optimize the critical parameters of the activation type of samples and process conditions. The key factors of the adsorbent, the physicochemical properties of the heavy metals, and the adsorption conditions affecting the adsorption of heavy metals are highlighted. In addition, the challenges faced by biomass-derived activated carbon are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoying Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Chemical Engineering and Technology, State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Ningxia Key Laboratory of Solar Chemical Conversion Technology, North Minzu University Yinchuan 750021 PR China
| | - Jingming Lan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Chemical Engineering and Technology, State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Ningxia Key Laboratory of Solar Chemical Conversion Technology, North Minzu University Yinchuan 750021 PR China
| | - Chunmiao Bo
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Chemical Engineering and Technology, State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Ningxia Key Laboratory of Solar Chemical Conversion Technology, North Minzu University Yinchuan 750021 PR China
| | - Bolin Gong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Chemical Engineering and Technology, State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Ningxia Key Laboratory of Solar Chemical Conversion Technology, North Minzu University Yinchuan 750021 PR China
| | - Junjie Ou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Chemical Engineering and Technology, State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Ningxia Key Laboratory of Solar Chemical Conversion Technology, North Minzu University Yinchuan 750021 PR China .,CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Dalian 116023 China .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
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20
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Qi G, Pan Z, Zhang X, Chang S, Wang H, Wang M, Xiang W, Gao B. Microwave biochar produced with activated carbon catalyst: Characterization and adsorption of heavy metals. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 216:114732. [PMID: 36402180 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Novel microwave biochar derived from wheat straw (WS) using a range of power levels, with activated carbon catalyst as microwave absorber, was produced, characterized and tested as adsorbent of three heavy metals (Pb2+, Cd2+, and Cu2+). The microwave biochar with the greatest specific surface area (156.09 m2 g-1) and total pore volume (0.0790 cm3 g-1) were produced at 600 W (WS600) and 500 W (WS500) power level, respectively. Maximum adsorption capacities of WS500 to Pb2+, Cd2+ and Cu2+ were 139.44 mg g-1, 52.92 mg g-1, and 31.25 mg g-1, respectively. Optimal pH value for heavy metal removal was at range of 5-6, and Pb2+ showed the strongest affinity in competitive adsorption experiments. The adsorption data were fitted better by pseudo-second-order model and Langmuir isotherm, indicating that adsorption process was mainly explained by monolayer adsorption, and chemical adsorption occupied important role. The predominant adsorption mechanisms of heavy metals on microwave pyrolysis biochar included complexation with oxygen-containing functional groups (i.e., carboxylic acid CO and -OH) and precipitation with carbonate. In addition, reused WS600 maintained 76.17% and 96.07% of their initial adsorption capacity for Cu2+ and Cd2+, respectively. These results suggest that microwave biochar produced with activated carbon catalyst has excellent potential for efficient use in the removal of heavy metals from waste water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangdou Qi
- School of Environmental Engineering, Xuzhou University of Technology, Xuzhou, 221018, China
| | - Zhifei Pan
- School of Environmental Engineering, Xuzhou University of Technology, Xuzhou, 221018, China
| | - Xueyang Zhang
- School of Environmental Engineering, Xuzhou University of Technology, Xuzhou, 221018, China.
| | - Shuaishuai Chang
- School of Environmental Engineering, Xuzhou University of Technology, Xuzhou, 221018, China; School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan 250000, China
| | - Hongbo Wang
- School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan 250000, China
| | - Min Wang
- Xuzhou Environmental Monitoring Center of Jiangsu Province, Xuzhou 221018, China
| | - Wei Xiang
- School of Environmental Engineering, Xuzhou University of Technology, Xuzhou, 221018, China
| | - Bin Gao
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
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21
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Rashid MS, Liu G, Yousaf B, Hamid Y, Rehman A, Arif M, Ahmed R, Song Y, Ashraf A. Role of biochar-based free radicals in immobilization and speciation of metals in the contaminated soil-plant environment. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 325:116620. [PMID: 36323123 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.116620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The structure of biochar produced at various pyrolysis temperatures influences metal geochemical behavior. Here, the impact of wheat straw-derived biochar (300, 500, and 700 °C) on the immobilization and transformation of metals in the contaminated soil-plant system was assessed. The findings of the sequential extraction revealed that biochar additives had a substantial influence on the speciation of Cr, Ni, Pb, and Zn in the contaminated soil. The lowest F1 (exchangeable and soluble fraction) + F2 (carbonate fraction) accounted for Cr (44%) in WB-300, Ni (43.87%) in WB-500, Pb (43.79%), and Zn (49.78%) in WB-700 with applied amendments of their total amounts. The characterization results indicated that high pyrolysis temperatures (300-700 °C) increased the carbon-containing groups with the potential to adsorb metals from the soil-plant environment. The bioconcentration and translocation factors (BCF and TF) were less than 1, indicating that metal concentration was restricted to maize roots and translocation to shoots. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) intracellularly influence metal interactions with plants. Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) was performed to determine hydroxyl radical generation (•OH) in plant segments to assess the dominance of free radicals (FRs). Consequently, the formation of •OH significantly depends on the pyrolysis temperature and the interaction with a contaminated soil-plant environment. Thus, metal transformation can be effectively decreased in the soil-plant environment by applying WB amendments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Saqib Rashid
- CAS-Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and the Environments, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, PR China
| | - Guijian Liu
- CAS-Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and the Environments, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710075, China.
| | - Balal Yousaf
- CAS-Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and the Environments, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710075, China
| | - Yasir Hamid
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resources Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Abdul Rehman
- CAS-Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and the Environments, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, PR China
| | - Muhammad Arif
- CAS-Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and the Environments, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, PR China
| | - Rafay Ahmed
- CAS-Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and the Environments, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, PR China
| | - Yu Song
- CAS-Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and the Environments, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, PR China
| | - Aniqa Ashraf
- CAS-Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and the Environments, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, PR China
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Tian J, Guo K, Sun Y, Lin R, Chen T, Zhang B, Liu Y, Yang T. Solvent-Free Synthesis of Magnetic Sewage Sludge-Derived Biochar for Heavy Metal Removal from Wastewater. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 20:155. [PMID: 36612475 PMCID: PMC9820038 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20010155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The commonly used two-step and one-pot synthesis methods for producing biochar require the use of iron salt solutions, resulting in the undesirable consequences of energy consumption for dewatering and potential pollution risks. To address this drawback, a magnetic sewage sludge-derived biochar (MSBC-2) was synthesized by a solvent-free method in this study. The pseudo-second-order kinetic model and Langmuir model provided the best fit to the experimental data, implying a monolayered chemisorption process of Pb2+, Cd2+and Cu2+ onto MSBC-2. As the reaction temperature increased from 25 °C to 45 °C, the maximum adsorption capacities increased from 113.64 mg·g−1 to 151.52 mg·g−1 for Pb2+, from 101.01 mg·g−1 to 109.89 mg·g−1 for Cd2+ and from 57.80 mg·g−1 to 74.07 mg·g−1 for Cu2+, respectively. Thermodynamic parameters (ΔG0 < 0, ΔS0 > 0, ΔH0 > 0) revealed that the adsorption processes of all three metals by MSBC-2 were favourable, spontaneous and endothermic. Surface complexation, cation-π interaction, ion exchange and electrostatic attraction mechanisms were involved in the adsorption of Pb2+, Cd2+ and Cu2+ onto MSBC-2. Overall, this study will provide a new perspective for the synthesis of magnetic biochar and MSBC-2 shows great potential as an adsorbent for heavy metal removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayi Tian
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Kexin Guo
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yucan Sun
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Ruoxi Lin
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Tan Chen
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Bing Zhang
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yifei Liu
- Technical Centre for Soil, Agriculture and Rural Ecology and Environment, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Ting Yang
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China
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Qiu M, Liu L, Ling Q, Cai Y, Yu S, Wang S, Fu D, Hu B, Wang X. Biochar for the removal of contaminants from soil and water: a review. BIOCHAR 2022; 4:19. [DOI: doi.org/10.1007/s42773-022-00146-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/25/2023]
Abstract
AbstractBiochar shows significant potential to serve as a globally applicable material to remediate water and soil owing to the extensive availability of feedstocks and conducive physio-chemical surface characteristics. This review aims to highlight biochar production technologies, characteristics of biochar, and the latest advancements in immobilizing and eliminating heavy metal ions and organic pollutants in soil and water. Pyrolysis temperature, heat transfer rate, residence time, and type of feedstock are critical influential parameters. Biochar’s efficacy in managing contaminants relies on the pore size distribution, surface groups, and ion-exchange capacity. The molecular composition and physical architecture of biochar may be crucial when practically applied to water and soil. In general, biochar produced at relatively high pyrolysis temperatures can effectively manage organic pollutants via increasing surface area, hydrophobicity and microporosity. Biochar generated at lower temperatures is deemed to be more suitable for removing polar organic and inorganic pollutants through oxygen-containing functional groups, precipitation and electrostatic attraction. This review also presents the existing obstacles and future research direction related to biochar-based materials in immobilizing organic contaminants and heavy metal ions in effluents and soil.
Graphical Abstract
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24
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Lima JZ, Ferreira da Silva E, Patinha C, Rodrigues VGS. Sorption and post-sorption performances of Cd, Pb and Zn onto peat, compost and biochar. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 321:115968. [PMID: 35988405 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.115968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The development of waste-derived sorbents to immobilize potentially toxic elements (PTEs) is a promising strategy, contributing to the achievement of sustainable development goals (SDGs). Therefore, this study aimed to assess the sorption performance of cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb) and zinc (Zn), comparing sorbents derived from organic fraction of municipal solid waste (composts and biochars) with peat. The physicochemical characterization, equilibrium of sorption, post-sorption analyzes and bioaccessibility were investigated. Results showed that the sorbents have distinct characteristics; however, each material have their particularities favorable to sorption. For instance, peat and composts have the highest cation exchange capacity (800-1100 mmolc kg-1), while biochar produced at 700 °C has the highest specific surface area (91.21 m2 g-1). The sorption equilibrium data revealed the actual sorption capacity and was well explained by the Freundlich and Langmuir isotherms and, in some cases, by the Dubinin-Radushkevich model. Post-sorption analyzes indicated the occurrence of several sorption mechanisms, driven by the physicochemical properties. Electrostatic interaction stood out for peat and compost. The FTIR spectrum for peat proved the complexation with oxygenated functional groups. The composts showed variations in the released cations (e.g. Ca2+ and K+), indicating cation exchange. Differently, for biochars, the XRD patterns showed that precipitation or coprecipitation seems to be one of the main mechanisms, especially for Cd and Pb. Regarding human bioaccessibility, the results of the gastric phase simulation (pH∼1.20) revealed lower percentages of Pb (33-81%) than Cd (91-99%) or Zn (82-99%), especially for the highest concentrations. Nevertheless, in numerical terms, all bioaccessible concentrations inspire care. In conclusion, among the sorbents, composts and biochars presented the best sorption performances and, therefore, have great potential for environmental applications. Furthermore, the bioaccessibility findings indicate that these assays, still little used in experiments with sorbents, are an important tool that should be better explored in the assessment of the environmental risk associated with contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline Zanin Lima
- Department of Geotechnical Engineering, São Carlos School of Engineering, University of São Paulo - 400 Trabalhador São Carlense Ave, São Carlos, 13566-590, Brazil; GeoBioTec, Department of Geoscience, University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Eduardo Ferreira da Silva
- GeoBioTec, Department of Geoscience, University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Carla Patinha
- GeoBioTec, Department of Geoscience, University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Valéria Guimarães Silvestre Rodrigues
- Department of Geotechnical Engineering, São Carlos School of Engineering, University of São Paulo - 400 Trabalhador São Carlense Ave, São Carlos, 13566-590, Brazil.
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Pham TH, Chu TTH, Nguyen DK, Le TKO, Obaid SA, Alharbi SA, Kim J, Nguyen MV. Alginate-modified biochar derived from rice husk waste for improvement uptake performance of lead in wastewater. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 307:135956. [PMID: 35964720 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In this work, alginate-modified biochar derived from rice husk waste was synthesized using a simple process. The modified biochar (MBC) and rice husk biochar (RhBC) were investigated for removing Pb (II) ions in wastewater. The BET result displayed significantly improved specific surface area of MBC up to 120 m2/g along with a total pore volume of 0.653 cm3/g. FTIR spectrums presented the higher oxygen-contained functional groups of MBC as compared to RhBC, resulting in increasing adsorption capacity of Pb (II). MBC had higher adsorption capacity (112.3 mg/g) and faster removal rate (0.0081 g mg-1 min-1) than those of RhBC (41.2 mg/g and 0.00025 g mg-1 min-1). Modified RhBC can remove more than 99% of Pb (II) from wastewater and it could be utilized for three cycles with a removal performance of over 90%. In addition, the Pb adsorption mechanism by using MBC was proposed and the practical application of MBC for the treatment of wastewater in Vietnam was discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thi Huong Pham
- Faculty of Environment, School of Engineering and Technology, Van Lang University, 69/68 Dang Thuy Tram Street, Ward 13, Binh Thanh District, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
| | - Thi Thu Hien Chu
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Building Materials, Ha Noi University of Civil Engineering (HUCE), Giai Phong, Hai Ba Trung, Hanoi, 10000, Vietnam.
| | - Dang Khoa Nguyen
- Faculty of Environment, School of Engineering and Technology, Van Lang University, 69/68 Dang Thuy Tram Street, Ward 13, Binh Thanh District, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Thi Kim Oanh Le
- Faculty of Environment, School of Engineering and Technology, Van Lang University, 69/68 Dang Thuy Tram Street, Ward 13, Binh Thanh District, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Sami Al Obaid
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, PO Box -2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sulaiman Ali Alharbi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, PO Box -2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jitae Kim
- Air Pollution Research Center, Institute of Urban Science, University of Seoul, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Minh Viet Nguyen
- VNU Key Laboratory of Advanced Material for Green Growth, Faculty of Chemistry, VNU University of Science, 334 Nguyen Trai Street, Thanh Xuan, Hanoi, Vietnam.
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Kypritidou Z, El-Bassi L, Jellali S, Kinigopoulou V, Tziritis E, Akrout H, Jeguirim M, Doulgeris C. Lead removal from aqueous solutions by olive mill wastes derived biochar: Batch experiments and geochemical modelling. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 318:115562. [PMID: 35764000 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.115562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In this study, lead removal from aqueous solutions using biochar derived from olive mill solid and liquid wastes has been investigated by applying batch experiments and geochemical modelling. The batch adsorption experiments included the assessment of several key parameters such as the contact time (kinetic), initial concentration (isotherm), pH, adsorbent dose, and the presence of competitive cations, whilst the geochemical modelling focused on the involved adsorption mechanisms using the PHREEQC code. The kinetic studies showed that lead adsorption is a relatively fast process, where intraparticle diffusion is the rate-limiting step. Biochar dose, solution pH and the presence of competitive ions significantly affected the Pb adsorption effectiveness by the biochar. Especially the higher Pb removal percentages were observed in mono-elemental solutions with high biochar dose at mildly acidic solution pH values. The maximum Pb adsorption capacity of biochar was estimated as 40.8 mg g-1 which is higher than various biochars derived from sludge, lignocellulosic and animal biomasses. On the other hand, the geochemical modelling employing the PHREEQC code showed that ion exchange and Pb precipitation are the main reactions controlling its removal from aqueous solutions, whilst surface complexation is insignificant, mainly due to the low surface functional groups on the used biochar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zacharenia Kypritidou
- Dept. of Economic Geology and Geochemistry, Faculty of Geology and Geo-environment, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15784, Athens, Greece
| | - Leila El-Bassi
- Wastewaters and Environment Laboratory, Water Research and Technologies Center (CERTE), Technopark Borj Cedria, University of Carthage, P.O.Box 273, Soliman, 8020, Tunisia
| | - Salah Jellali
- Center for Environmental Studies and Research, Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khoud 123, Muscat, Oman
| | - Vasiliki Kinigopoulou
- Soil and Water Resources Institute (SWRI), Hellenic Agricultural Organisation, 574 00, Sindos, Greece
| | - Evangelos Tziritis
- Soil and Water Resources Institute (SWRI), Hellenic Agricultural Organisation, 574 00, Sindos, Greece
| | - Hanene Akrout
- Wastewaters and Environment Laboratory, Water Research and Technologies Center (CERTE), Technopark Borj Cedria, University of Carthage, P.O.Box 273, Soliman, 8020, Tunisia
| | - Mejdi Jeguirim
- Université de Haute-Alsace, CNRS, Institut de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse (IS2M) UMR 7361, F-68100, Mulhouse, France
| | - Charalampos Doulgeris
- Soil and Water Resources Institute (SWRI), Hellenic Agricultural Organisation, 574 00, Sindos, Greece.
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Hu J, Zhao L, Luo J, Gong H, Zhu N. A sustainable reuse strategy of converting waste activated sludge into biochar for contaminants removal from water: Modifications, applications and perspectives. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 438:129437. [PMID: 35810514 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.129437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Conversion of sewage sludge to biochar for contaminants removal from water achieves the dual purpose of solid waste reuse and pollution elimination, in line with the concept of circular economy and carbon neutrality. However, the current understanding of sludge-derived biochar (SDB) for wastewater treatment is still limited, with a lack of summary regarding the effect of modification on the mechanism of SDB adsorption/catalytic removal aqueous contaminants. To advance knowledge in this aspect, this paper systematically reviews the recent studies on the use of (modified) SDB as adsorbents and in persulfate-based advanced oxidation processes (PS-AOPs) as catalysts for the contaminants removal from water over the past five years. Unmodified SDB not only exhibits stronger cation exchange and surface precipitation for heavy metals due to its nitrogen/mineral-rich properties, but also can provide abundant catalytic active sites for PS. An emphatic summary of how certain adsorption removal mechanisms of SDB or its catalytic performance in PS-AOPs can be enhanced by targeted regulation/modification such as increasing the specific surface area, functional groups, graphitization degree, N-doping or transition metal loading is presented. The interference of inorganic ions/natural organic matter is one of the unavoidable challenges that SDB is used for adsorption/catalytic removal of contaminants in real wastewater. Finally, this paper presents the future perspectives of SDB in the field of wastewater treatment. This review can contribute forefront knowledge and new ideas for advancing sludge treatment toward sustainable green circular economy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinwen Hu
- School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Solid Waste Treatment and Resource Recovery, School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Ling Zhao
- School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Solid Waste Treatment and Resource Recovery, School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Jinming Luo
- School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Solid Waste Treatment and Resource Recovery, School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Huabo Gong
- School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Solid Waste Treatment and Resource Recovery, School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Nanwen Zhu
- School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Solid Waste Treatment and Resource Recovery, School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
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28
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Mukherjee S, Sarkar B, Aralappanavar VK, Mukhopadhyay R, Basak BB, Srivastava P, Marchut-Mikołajczyk O, Bhatnagar A, Semple KT, Bolan N. Biochar-microorganism interactions for organic pollutant remediation: Challenges and perspectives. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 308:119609. [PMID: 35700879 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Numerous harmful chemicals are introduced every year in the environment through anthropogenic and geological activities raising global concerns of their ecotoxicological effects and decontamination strategies. Biochar technology has been recognized as an important pillar for recycling of biomass, contributing to the carbon capture and bioenergy industries, and remediation of contaminated soil, sediments and water. This paper aims to critically review the application potential of biochar with a special focus on the synergistic and antagonistic effects on contaminant-degrading microorganisms in single and mixed-contaminated systems. Owing to the high specific surface area, porous structure, and compatible surface chemistry, biochar can support the proliferation and activity of contaminant-degrading microorganisms. A combination of biochar and microorganisms to remove a variety of contaminants has gained popularity in recent years alongside traditional chemical and physical remediation technologies. The microbial compatibility of biochar can be improved by optimizing the surface parameters so that toxic pollutant release is minimized, biofilm formation is encouraged, and microbial populations are enhanced. Biocompatible biochar thus shows potential in the bioremediation of organic contaminants by harboring microbial populations, releasing contaminant-degrading enzymes, and protecting beneficial microorganisms from immediate toxicity of surrounding contaminants. This review recommends that biochar-microorganism co-deployment holds a great potential for the removal of contaminants thereby reducing the risk of organic contaminants to human and environmental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santanu Mukherjee
- School of Agriculture, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan 173229, India
| | - Binoy Sarkar
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YQ, United Kingdom.
| | | | - Raj Mukhopadhyay
- Division of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering, ICAR-Central Soil Salinity Research Institute, Karnal 132001, India
| | - B B Basak
- ICAR-Directorate of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research, Anand 387310, India
| | | | - Olga Marchut-Mikołajczyk
- Institute of Molecular and Industrial Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Lodz University of Technology, Ul. Stefanowskiego 2/22, 90-537, Łódź, Poland
| | - Amit Bhatnagar
- Department of Separation Science, LUT School of Engineering Science, LUT University, Sammonkatu 12, Mikkeli, FI-50130, Finland
| | - Kirk T Semple
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YQ, United Kingdom
| | - Nanthi Bolan
- School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6001, Australia; The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6001, Australia
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29
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Yu J, Li X, Wu M, Lin K, Xu L, Zeng T, Shi H, Zhang M. Synergistic role of inherent calcium and iron minerals in paper mill sludge biochar for phosphate adsorption. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 834:155193. [PMID: 35421460 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Phosphate adsorption using metal-based biochar has awakened much attention and triggered extensive research. In this study, novel Ca/Fe-rich biochars were prepared via a one-step process of pyrolyzing paper mill sludge (PMS) at various temperatures (300, 500, 700, and 800 °C) under a CO2 atmosphere for phosphate removal. Batch adsorption experiments showed that the biochar obtained at 800 °C (PB-800), which could be easily separated magnetically, exhibited the best phosphate adsorption capacity in a wide range of solution pH (5-11). Based on the Langmuir model, the maximum phosphate adsorption capacity for PB-800 was 17.33 mg/g. Besides, the effects of ambient temperature as well as coexisting ions on phosphate removal were also investigated. Kinetic and thermodynamic analysis revealed that chemisorption dominated the adsorption process. The calcium carbonate and ferric salts in the sludge were converted into CaO and Fe3O4 through pyrolysis at 800 °C. The CaO inherent in PB-800 was proved to serve as active sites for the chemical precipitation, showing its synergistic effect with iron oxide compounds (i.e., Fe3O4, α-Fe2O3) on phosphate removal through chemical precipitation, ligand exchange, and complexation. This study not only provides a feasible waste-to-wealth strategy for converting PMS into a Ca/Fe-rich magnetic biochar that can be used as an effective phosphate adsorbent, but also offers new insights into the synergistic effect of calcium and iron species for the adsorption of phosphate using biochar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Yu
- Department of Environment Engineering, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, PR China
| | - Xiaodian Li
- Department of Environment Engineering, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, PR China
| | - Ming Wu
- Shaoxing Solid Waste Management Center, Shaoxing 312000, PR China
| | - Kun Lin
- Department of Environment Engineering, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, PR China
| | - Liheng Xu
- Department of Environment Engineering, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, PR China
| | - Tao Zeng
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, PR China
| | - Huixiang Shi
- College of Environment & Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Ming Zhang
- Department of Environment Engineering, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, PR China.
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Effect of additional Fe 2+ salt on electrocoagulation process for the degradation of methyl orange dye: An optimization and kinetic study. Heliyon 2022; 8:e10176. [PMID: 36033268 PMCID: PMC9399484 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e10176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
The wastewater generated from textile industries is highly colored and contains dyes including azo dyes, which are toxic to human and water-living organisms. The treatment of these azo dyes using conventional treatment techniques is challenging due to their recalcitrant properties. In the current study, the effect of additional Fe2+ on electrocoagulation (EC) using Fe electrodes has been studied for the removal of methyl orange (MO) azo dye. pH between 4-5 was found to be optimum for EC and treatment efficiency decreased with increasing dye concentrations. With the addition of Fe2+ salt, dye removal for a certain concentration was increased with the increase of current density and Fe2+ up to a certain limit and after that, the removal efficiency decreased. The COD, color and dye removals were 88.5%, 93.1% and 100%, respectively, for EC of 200 mg.L−1 dye solution using only 0.20 mmol.L−1 Fe2+ for 0.40 mA cm−2 current density, whereas for EC, the respective removal efficiencies were 76.7%, 63.4% and 82.4% for 32 min. The respective operating cost for EC was $768 kg−1 removed dye ($0.342 m−3), whereas, for EC with additional Fe2+ salt, it was $350 kg−1 removed dye ($0.189 m−3). The kinetic results revealed that the first-order kinetic model was fitted best for EC, whereas the second-order kinetic model was best fitted for Fe2+ added EC. For real textile wastewater, 57.6% COD removal was obtained for 0.15 mmol.L−1 Fe2+ added EC compared to 27.8% COD removal for EC for 32 min. Based on the study we can conclude that Fe2+ assisted EC can be used for effective treatment of textile wastewater containing toxic compounds like azo dyes. EC represents limiting treatment performance for higher contaminant concentrations. 0.20 mmol.L−1 Fe2+ salt enhances the EC treatment performance of MO dye to 100%. EC followed first-order kinetic model, whereas Fe2+ added EC followed second-order kinetic model. Operating cost was reduced to $0.327 m−3 from $0.598 m−3 for EC with additional Fe2+. 58% COD was removed for 0.15 mmol.L−1 Fe2+ added EC for real textile wastewater.
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Zhao Y, Yang H, Xia S, Wu Z. Removal of ammonia nitrogen, nitrate, and phosphate from aqueous solution using biochar derived from Thalia dealbata Fraser: effect of carbonization temperature. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:57773-57789. [PMID: 35352229 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-19870-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Thalia dealbata Fraser-derived biochar was prepared at different carbonization temperatures to remove nutrients in aqueous solution. Thermogravimetry/differential thermogravimetry (TG/DTG) was used to analyze the carbonization and decomposition procedure of Thalia dealbata Fraser. X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), zeta potential, and N2 adsorption-desorption isotherms were employed to characterize the prepared biochar. The carbonization temperature obviously effected the physical and chemical properties of biochar. The adsorption efficiency of ammonia (NH4+-N), nitrate (NO3--N), and phosphate (PO43-) adsorption on biochar was tested. Pseudo-first-order kinetic, pseudo-second-order kinetic, and intra-particle diffusion kinetic models were used to fit adsorption kinetic. Langmuir and Freundlich models were used to fit adsorption isotherms. The theoretical adsorption capacity of NH4+-N, NO3--N, and PO43- on biochar was 5.8 mg/g, 3.8 mg/g, and 1.3 mg/g, respectively. This study provides the insights for effect of carbonization temperature on biochar preparation and application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Zhao
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, People's Republic of China
| | - Hang Yang
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, People's Republic of China
| | - Shibin Xia
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| | - Zhenbin Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, People's Republic of China
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32
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Tang B, Wu Y, Wu K, Lang L, Cong M, Xu W, Niu Y. Adsorption performance of silica supported polyamidoamine dendrimers for Cd(II) and Cu(II) in N,N-dimethylformamide. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.119098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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33
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Synthesis, characterizations, and RSM analysis of Citrus macroptera peel derived biochar for textile dye treatment. SOUTH AFRICAN JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sajce.2022.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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34
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Cui H, Dong T, Hu L, Xia R, Zhou J, Zhou J. Adsorption and immobilization of soil lead by two phosphate-based biochars and phosphorus release risk assessment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 824:153957. [PMID: 35183632 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Revised: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorus-based biochar can effectively immobilize lead (Pb) in soils, but the effects of soluble and insoluble phosphate on the remediation efficiency of Pb and phosphorus (P) release risks remain largely unknown. In this study, three biochars were produced from reed (Phragmites australis L.) straw, potassium dihydrogen phosphate (PDP, soluble) and hydroxyapatite (HAP, insoluble) modified reed straws and marked as BC, BCP, and BCH, respectively. Pb adsorptions and immobilizations by the three biochars and their P release risks were investigated. The P release kinetics of the three biochars were all fitted with the pseudo-second-order kinetic model and the P-release capacity followed the order of BCP > BCH > BC. The sorption isotherms of Pb2+ by three biochars were better described using the Langmuir model and the maximum adsorption capacities of BCP (59.3 mg/g) and BCH (58.8 mg/g) were higher than that of BC (48.1 mg/g). However, the P concentrations remained in BCP treated solution were significantly higher than those in BCH and BC under initial Pb2+ concentrations in the ranges of 5-25 mg/L. Soil pH and available P were increased with the increasing dosage of BCP and BCH, decreasing CaCl2-extractable Pb concentrations. BCH was more effective to decrease the exchangeable Pb and transform it into iron/manganese oxides and residual fractions. Compared to BC, BCH applications in the range of 2-5% can significantly increase labile P by 15.2-17.7%, but 21.0-33.6% for BCP, indicating BCP had a higher P release risk. The major implication is that HAP-modified biochar can effectively immobilize Pb and decrease P release risks compared to soluble P-modified biochar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbiao Cui
- School of Earth and Environment, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232001, China; Institute of Environment-friendly Materials and Occupational Health, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Wuhu 241003, China; Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; Engineering Laboratory of Anhui Province for Comprehensive Utilization of Water and Soil Resources and Construction of Ecological Protection in Mining Area With High Groundwater Level, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232001, China.
| | - Tingting Dong
- School of Earth and Environment, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232001, China; Institute of Environment-friendly Materials and Occupational Health, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Wuhu 241003, China; Engineering Laboratory of Anhui Province for Comprehensive Utilization of Water and Soil Resources and Construction of Ecological Protection in Mining Area With High Groundwater Level, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232001, China
| | - Longlong Hu
- School of Earth and Environment, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232001, China; Institute of Environment-friendly Materials and Occupational Health, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Wuhu 241003, China; Engineering Laboratory of Anhui Province for Comprehensive Utilization of Water and Soil Resources and Construction of Ecological Protection in Mining Area With High Groundwater Level, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232001, China
| | - Ruizhi Xia
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Jing Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Jun Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; Department of Environmental, Earth, and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Lowell, MA 01854, United States.
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35
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Gopalan J, Buthiyappan A, Raman AAA. Insight into metal-impregnated biomass based activated carbon for enhanced carbon dioxide adsorption: A review. J IND ENG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2022.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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36
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Performance and mechanisms of NaOH and ball-milling co-modified biochar for enhanced the removal of Cd2+ in synthetic water: A combined experimental and DFT study. ARAB J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2022.103817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
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37
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Medeiros DCCDS, Nzediegwu C, Benally C, Messele SA, Kwak JH, Naeth MA, Ok YS, Chang SX, Gamal El-Din M. Pristine and engineered biochar for the removal of contaminants co-existing in several types of industrial wastewaters: A critical review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 809:151120. [PMID: 34756904 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/17/2021] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Biochar has been widely studied as an adsorbent for the removal of contaminants from wastewater due to its unique characteristics, such as having a large surface area, well-distributed pores and high abundance of surface functional groups. Critical review of the literature was performed to understand the state of research in utilizing biochars for industrial wastewater remediation with emphasis on pollutants that co-exist in wastewater from several industrial activities, such as textile, pharmaceutical and mining industries. Such pollutants include organic (such as synthetic dyes, phenolic compounds) and inorganic contaminants (such as cadmium, lead). Multiple correspondence analyses suggest that through batch equilibrium, columns or constructed wetlands, researchers have used mechanistic modelling of isotherms, kinetics, and thermodynamics to evaluate contaminant removal in either synthetic or real industrial wastewaters. The removal of organic and inorganic contaminants in wastewater by biochar follows several mechanisms: precipitation, surface complexation, ion exchange, cation-π interaction, and electrostatic attraction. Biochar production and modifications promote good adsorption capacity for those pollutants because biochar properties stemming from production were linked to specific adsorption mechanisms, such as hydrophobic and electrostatic interactions. For instance, adsorption capacity of malachite green ranged from 30.2 to 4066.9 mg g-1 depending on feedstock type, pyrolysis temperature, and chemical modifications. Pyrolyzing biomass at above 500 °C might improve biochar quality to target co-existing pollutants. Treating biochars with acids can also improve pollutant removal, except that the contribution of precipitation is reduced for potentially toxic elements. Studies on artificial intelligence and machine learning are still in their infancy in wastewater remediation with biochars. Meanwhile, a framework for integrating artificial intelligence and machine learning into biochar wastewater remediation systems is proposed. The reutilization and disposal of spent biochar and the contaminant release from spent biochar are important areas that need to be further studied.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christopher Nzediegwu
- Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E3, Canada
| | - Chelsea Benally
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Selamawit Ashagre Messele
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Jin-Hyeob Kwak
- Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E3, Canada; Department of Rural Construction Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeollabukdo 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - M Anne Naeth
- Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E3, Canada
| | - Yong Sik Ok
- Korea Biochar Research Center, APRU Sustainable Waste Management Program & Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Scott X Chang
- Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E3, Canada
| | - Mohamed Gamal El-Din
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1H9, Canada.
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38
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Yang Q, Wu L, Zheng Z, Chen J, Lu T, Lu M, Chen W, Qi Z. Sorption of Cd(II) and Ni(II) on biochars produced in nitrogen and air-limitation environments with various pyrolysis temperatures: Comparison in mechanism and performance. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2021.128100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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39
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Luan L, Tang B, Liu Y, Xu W, Liu Y, Wang A, Niu Y. Direct Synthesis of Sulfur-Decorating PAMAM Dendrimer/Mesoporous Silica for Enhanced Hg(II) and Cd(II) Adsorption. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:698-710. [PMID: 34991310 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c02547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Water security caused by heavy metals poses a deleterious hazard to public health and the ecological system. The construction of adsorbents by polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimers for efficient removal of metal ions has attracted considerable interest. However, the general method for the fabrication of these adsorbents was achieved by the surface chemical modification of the substrates with PAMAM dendrimer, which usually causes the defects of low density and uneven distribution of the dendrimer, the blocking of pores, and reducing the adsorption performance. Hence, the development of a new method for preparation of PAMAM dendrimer-based adsorbent to realize the efficient and enhanced adsorption of metal ions is still a challenge. Herein, methylisothiocyanate decorated PAMAM dendrimer/mesoporous silica composites (G0-S-1/x, G1.0-S-1/x, G2.0-S-1/x, x = 2, 4, 6, 8, 10) were synthesized by the direct sol-gel reaction of alkoxysilyl-containing functional PAMAM dendrimer. The adsorbents display enhanced adsorption property for Hg(II) and Cd(II) as compared with the same adsorbents which were prepared by traditional chemical modification method. Take G2.0-S-1/2 as an example, the maximum adsorption capacities are 2.41 and 0.87 mmol·g-1 for Hg(II) and Cd(II), respectively . Moreover, the adsorbents show excellent selective adsorption and regeneration property. G2.0-S-1/2 displays distinct selectivity for Hg(II) with the presence of Co(II), Pb(II), Cd(II), and Cu(II). The regeneration percentage still maintains 95.2% after five adsorption-desorption cycles. The adsorption mechanism is also certified by the experimental method and theoretical calculation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Luan
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, PR China
| | - Bentian Tang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, PR China
| | - Yi Liu
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, PR China
| | - Wenlong Xu
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, PR China
| | - Yongfeng Liu
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, PR China
| | - Aili Wang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, PR China
| | - Yuzhong Niu
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, PR China
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40
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Chen H, Peng Y, Tang L, Min F, Nazhafati M, Li C, Ge J, Wang H, Li J. Synergetic Enhancement of Pb 2+ and Zn 2+ Adsorption onto Size-Selective Sludge Biochar Portions in Multiple Ion Solution Systems. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:496-503. [PMID: 35036718 PMCID: PMC8756797 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c04901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Particle size, one of the predominant factors that affect the adsorption capacity of biochar, has been widely investigated. However, correlative studies on a coexistence system containing various ions together with differentiated particle sizes are scarce. In this study, samples of municipal solid waste (sludge) biochar (SB) with different particle sizes were separated and examined for the adsorption performance in bi-cation (Pb2+/Zn2+) and multi-ion (Pb2+, Zn2+ and Cl-) systems. The results showed that the adsorption capacity is influenced by both particle size and ion configurations. The effective stabilization ability of a small size group can be attributed to the most non-bioavailable fraction. Meanwhile, the acidic soluble and non-bioavailable fraction of Pb2+/Zn2+ reached more than 90%. The mixed adsorption experiment showed that Pb2+ would compete for the adsorption sites of biochar with Zn2+, and Cl- intervention could improve the adsorption of Pb2+ (2.33-6.93%) and Zn2+ (16.52-18.01%) on biochar. Further, X-ray diffraction spectra and phosphorus concentration dynamics and kinetics simulations revealed that more abundant active sites in the formatted pyromorphite were able to be exposed in the presence of Cl-. The small-size portion of SB therefore exhibited excellent potential for the long-term heavy metal remediation under practical conditions of multi-ion systems in an actual environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoming Chen
- School
of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
- College
of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
| | - Yao Peng
- China
Design Group Environmental Technology Co., Ltd, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Lingyi Tang
- College
of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
| | - Fangfang Min
- School
of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Muhanmaitijiang Nazhafati
- School
of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Chen Li
- School
of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Jian Ge
- School
of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Haihou Wang
- Taihu
Research Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Suzhou 215100, Jiangsu, China
| | - Junji Li
- School
of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
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41
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Nzediegwu C, Naeth MA, Chang SX. Feedstock type drives surface property, demineralization and element leaching of nitric acid-activated biochars more than pyrolysis temperature. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 344:126316. [PMID: 34798246 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.126316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Nitric acid activation (NA-A) effects on the surface properties, mineral phases and element compositions of biochars produced from four feedstocks at three temperatures were evaluated. NA-A increased biochar thermal stability, but its effect on ash content and surface area was feedstock-dependent, with ash content in manure pellet biochars less affected due to a high quartz content. Apart from the manure pellet biochars and the sawdust biochar produced at 400 °C, NA-A decreased the surface area of biochars by up to 100% due to reduced pore volume. Nitric acid significantly leached elements such as potassium from biochars due to protonation and their reactions with several mineral phases, such as sylvite, on the biochars (p < 0.05). This study shows that mineral phases and element compositions of nitric acid-activated biochars were driven more by the feedstock type than the pyrolysis temperature and the derived biochars would be poor adsorbents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Nzediegwu
- Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - M Anne Naeth
- Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - Scott X Chang
- Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2R3, Canada.
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42
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Wen J, Xue Z, Yin X, Wang X. Insights into aqueous reduction of Cr(VI) by biochar and its iron-modified counterpart in the presence of organic acids. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 286:131918. [PMID: 34426264 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Chromium (Cr) pollution in water has become an environmental and social problem because of the highly toxic nature of Cr(VI). Biochar has been widely used in Cr-containing wastewater treatment due to its adsorption advantage and intrinsic electron-donating ability. In this paper, Cr(VI) was taken as the target pollutant, and corn-straw derived biochar (BC) and its iron-modified counterpart (BC-Fe) were taken as the main adsorbents. The effects of fulvic acid (FA) and lactic acid (LA) on the adsorption efficiency of BC and BC-Fe in aqueous solution were discussed, and the internal reaction mechanism was revealed by SEM, FTIR, XPS, and Zeta potential analysis. The results showed that the BC-Fe pyrolyzed at 600 °C (i.e., BC-Fe600) had good magnetic property and adsorption effect across a wide pH range (pH 3-9) (the maximum removal efficiency was 96%). At the same time, LA had a concentration-dependent promoting effect on Cr(VI) adsorption in the BC600. However, the addition of FA and LA both inhibited the adsorption of Cr(VI) by BC-Fe600 at pH = 5 and 7, with LA showing a more inhibiting effect on Cr(VI) removal (decreased by 16.09% at pH 5) than FA (decreased by 2.09% at pH 5). The addition of FA and LA caused the surface potential of BC-Fe600 to drop, resulting in an increasing electrostatic repulsion between Cr(VI) and the material. However, LA increased the reduction of Cr(VI) on BC-Fe600, possibly through the combined effects of the electron-donating ability of LA and the photolysis of Fe(III)-lactate complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Wen
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410082, PR China.
| | - Zhuangzhuang Xue
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410082, PR China
| | - Xiyan Yin
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410082, PR China
| | - Xue Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410082, PR China
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43
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Abd El-Azeem SAM. Wastewater Treatment Using Biochar Technology. THE HANDBOOK OF ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY 2022:35-61. [DOI: 10.1007/698_2022_881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
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44
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Gaur VK, Sharma P, Gaur P, Varjani S, Ngo HH, Guo W, Chaturvedi P, Singhania RR. Sustainable mitigation of heavy metals from effluents: Toxicity and fate with recent technological advancements. Bioengineered 2021; 12:7297-7313. [PMID: 34569893 PMCID: PMC8806687 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.1978616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Increase in anthropogenic activities due to rapid industrialization had caused an elevation in heavy metal contamination of aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. These pollutants have detrimental effects on human and environmental health. The majority of these pollutants are carcinogenic, neurotoxic, and are very poisonous even at very low concentrations. Contamination caused by heavy metals has become a global concern for which the traditional treatment approaches lack in providing a cost-effective and eco-friendly solution. Therefore, the use of microorganisms and plants to reduce the free available heavy metal present in the environment has become the most acceptable method by researchers. Also, in microbial- and phyto-remediation the redox reaction shifts the valence which makes these metals less toxic. In addition to this, the use of biochar as a remediation tool has provided a sustainable solution that needs further investigations toward its implementation on a larger scale. Enzymes secreted by microbes and whole microbial cell are considered an eco-efficient biocatalyst for mitigation of heavy metals from contaminated sites. To the best of our knowledge there is very less literature available covering remediation of heavy metals aspect along with the sensors used for detection of heavy metals. Systematic management should be implemented to overcome the technical and practical limitations in the use of these bioremediation techniques. The knowledge gaps have been identified in terms of its limitation and possible future directions have been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Kumar Gaur
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow Campus, Lucknow, India
| | - Poonam Sharma
- Department of Bioengineering, Integral University, Lucknow, India
| | - Prachi Gaur
- Department of Microbiology, Indian Institute of Management and Technology, Aligarh, India
| | - Sunita Varjani
- Paryavaran Bhavan, Gujarat Pollution Control Board, Gandhinagar, GujaratIndia
| | - Huu Hao Ngo
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental, Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW – Australia
| | - Wenshan Guo
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental, Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW – Australia
| | - Preeti Chaturvedi
- Aquatic Toxicology Laboratory, Environmental Toxicology Group, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (Csir-iitr), LucknowUttar Pradesh, India
| | - Reeta Rani Singhania
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
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45
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Liu H, Kumar V, Yadav V, Guo S, Sarsaiya S, Binod P, Sindhu R, Xu P, Zhang Z, Pandey A, Kumar Awasthi M. Bioengineered biochar as smart candidate for resource recovery toward circular bio-economy: a review. Bioengineered 2021; 12:10269-10301. [PMID: 34709979 PMCID: PMC8809956 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.1993536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Biochar's ability to mediate and facilitate microbial contamination degradation, as well as its carbon-sequestration potential, has sparked interest in recent years. The scope, possible advantages (economic and environmental), and future views are all evaluated in this review. We go over the many designed processes that are taking place and show why it is critical to look into biochar production for resource recovery and the role of bioengineered biochar in waste recycling. We concentrate on current breakthroughs in the fields of engineered biochar application techniques to systematically and sustainable technology. As a result, this paper describes the use of biomass for biochar production using various methods, as well as its use as an effective inclusion material to increase performance. The impact of biochar amendments on microbial colonisation, direct interspecies electron transfer, organic load minimization, and buffering maintenance is explored in detail. The majority of organic and inorganic (heavy metals) contaminants in the environment today are caused by human activities, such as mining and the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides, which can be treated sustainably by using engineered biochar to promote the establishment of a sustainable engineered process by inducing the circular bioeconomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Liu
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, PR China
| | - Vinay Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology(IIT) Roorkee, Roorkee, India
| | - Vivek Yadav
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A & F University, YanglingChina
| | - Shasha Guo
- Institute of Tea Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Surendra Sarsaiya
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Parameswaran Binod
- Microbial Processes and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST), Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | - Raveendran Sindhu
- Microbial Processes and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST), Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | - Ping Xu
- Institute of Tea Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zengqiang Zhang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, PR China
| | - Ashok Pandey
- Centre for Innovation and Translational Research, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow, India
| | - Mukesh Kumar Awasthi
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, PR China
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Zheng Z, Ali A, Su J, Zhang S, Fan Y, Sun Y. Self-immobilized biochar fungal pellet combined with bacterial strain H29 enhanced the removal performance of cadmium and nitrate. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 341:125803. [PMID: 34455245 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A newly isolated strain Phoma sp. ZJ6, which could form fungal pellet (FP) by self-immobilization, was identified. A novel longan seed biochar embedded in FP (BFP) combined with strain H29 (BFP-H29) effectively improved the Cd(II) removal efficiency and simultaneously removed nitrate. The adsorption process of BFP was well fitted with the pseudo-second-order kinetics model and Langmuir isotherm model, which demonstrated that the adsorption process was favorable and mainly dominated by chemisorption. Compared with single FP, biochar, and strain H29, BFP-H29 significantly enhanced the Cd(II) removal and the removal ratio reached 90.47%. Meanwhile, the simultaneous removal efficiency of the BFP-H29 for nitrate could reach 93.80%. Characterization analysis demonstrated that the primary removal mechanisms of BFP-H29 were precipitation and surface complexation. BFP-H29 had excellent performance in simultaneous removal of Cd(II) and nitrate, indicating its potential as a promising composite in the removal of cadmium and nitrate in wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijie Zheng
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Amjad Ali
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Junfeng Su
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China.
| | - Shuai Zhang
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Yuanyuan Fan
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Yi Sun
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
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