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McFadden SA, Peck MR, Sime LN, Cox MF, Ikiz ED, Findley CA, Quinn K, Fang Y, Bartke A, Hascup ER, Hascup KN. Thermotherapy has Sexually Dimorphic Responses in APP/PS1 Mice. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.03.26.586836. [PMID: 38586039 PMCID: PMC10996586 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.26.586836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
A thermoregulatory decline occurs with age due to changes in muscle mass, vasoconstriction, and metabolism that lowers core body temperature (Tc). Although lower Tc is a biomarker of successful aging, we have previously shown this worsens cognitive performance in the APP/PS1 mouse model of Alzheimer's disease (AD) [1]. We hypothesized that elevating Tc with thermotherapy would improve metabolism and cognition in APP/PS1 mice. From 6-12 months of age, male and female APP/PS1 and C57BL/6 mice were chronically housed at 23 or 30°C. At 12 months of age, mice were assayed for insulin sensitivity, glucose tolerance, and spatial cognition. Plasma, hippocampal, and peripheral (adipose, hepatic, and skeletal muscle) samples were procured postmortem and tissue-specific markers of amyloid accumulation, metabolism, and inflammation were assayed. Chronic 30°C exposure increased Tc in all groups except female APP/PS1 mice. All mice receiving thermotherapy had either improved glucose tolerance or insulin sensitivity, but the underlying processes responsible for these effects varied across sexes. In males, glucose regulation was influenced predominantly by hormonal signaling in plasma and skeletal muscle glucose transporter 4 expression, whereas in females, this was modulated at the tissue level. Thermotherapy improved spatial navigation in male C57BL/6 and APP/PS1 mice, with the later attributed to reduced hippocampal soluble amyloid-β (Aβ)42. Female APP/PS1 mice exhibited worse spatial memory recall after chronic thermotherapy. Together, the data highlights the metabolic benefits of passive thermotherapy with potential nonpharmacological management for some individuals with AD, and provides further evidence for the necessity of adopting personalized patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel A. McFadden
- Department of Neurology, Dale and Deborah Smith Center for Alzheimer’s Research and Treatment, Neurosciences Institute, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, USA
| | - Mackenzie R. Peck
- Department of Neurology, Dale and Deborah Smith Center for Alzheimer’s Research and Treatment, Neurosciences Institute, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, USA
| | - Lindsey N. Sime
- Department of Neurology, Dale and Deborah Smith Center for Alzheimer’s Research and Treatment, Neurosciences Institute, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, USA
| | - MaKayla F. Cox
- Department of Neurology, Dale and Deborah Smith Center for Alzheimer’s Research and Treatment, Neurosciences Institute, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, USA
| | - Erol D. Ikiz
- Department of Neurology, Dale and Deborah Smith Center for Alzheimer’s Research and Treatment, Neurosciences Institute, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, USA
| | - Caleigh A. Findley
- Department of Neurology, Dale and Deborah Smith Center for Alzheimer’s Research and Treatment, Neurosciences Institute, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, USA
| | - Kathleen Quinn
- Department of Neurology, Dale and Deborah Smith Center for Alzheimer’s Research and Treatment, Neurosciences Institute, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, USA
| | - Yimin Fang
- Department of Neurology, Dale and Deborah Smith Center for Alzheimer’s Research and Treatment, Neurosciences Institute, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, USA
| | - Andrzej Bartke
- Department of Internal Medicine, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, USA
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Cell Biology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, USA
| | - Erin R. Hascup
- Department of Neurology, Dale and Deborah Smith Center for Alzheimer’s Research and Treatment, Neurosciences Institute, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, USA
| | - Kevin N. Hascup
- Department of Neurology, Dale and Deborah Smith Center for Alzheimer’s Research and Treatment, Neurosciences Institute, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, USA
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Cell Biology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, USA
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Kim YK, Jo D, Arjunan A, Ryu Y, Lim YH, Choi SY, Kim HK, Song J. Identification of IGF-1 Effects on White Adipose Tissue and Hippocampus in Alzheimer's Disease Mice via Transcriptomic and Cellular Analysis. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2567. [PMID: 38473814 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) stands as the most prevalent neurodegenerative disorder, characterized by a multitude of pathological manifestations, prominently marked by the aggregation of amyloid beta. Recent investigations have revealed a compelling association between excessive adiposity and glial activation, further correlating with cognitive impairments. Additionally, alterations in levels of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) have been reported in individuals with metabolic conditions accompanied by memory dysfunction. Hence, our research endeavors to comprehensively explore the impact of IGF-1 on the hippocampus and adipose tissue in the context of Alzheimer's disease. To address this, we have conducted an in-depth analysis utilizing APP/PS2 transgenic mice, recognized as a well-established mouse model for Alzheimer's disease. Upon administering IGF-1 injections to the APP/PS2 mice, we observed notable alterations in their behavioral patterns, prompting us to undertake a comprehensive transcriptomic analysis of both the hippocampal and adipose tissues. Our data unveiled significant modifications in the functional profiles of these tissues. Specifically, in the hippocampus, we identified changes associated with synaptic activity and neuroinflammation. Concurrently, the adipose tissue displayed shifts in processes related to fat browning and cell death signaling. In addition to these findings, our analysis enabled the identification of a collection of long non-coding RNAs and circular RNAs that exhibited significant changes in expression subsequent to the administration of IGF-1 injections. Furthermore, we endeavored to predict the potential roles of these identified RNA molecules within the context of our study. In summary, our study offers valuable transcriptome data for hippocampal and adipose tissues within an Alzheimer's disease model and posits a significant role for IGF-1 within both the hippocampus and adipose tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Kook Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun 58128, Jeollanamdo, Republic of Korea
- Biomedical Science Graduate Program (BMSGP), Chonnam National University, Hwasun 58128, Jeollanamdo, Republic of Korea
| | - Danbi Jo
- Biomedical Science Graduate Program (BMSGP), Chonnam National University, Hwasun 58128, Jeollanamdo, Republic of Korea
- Department of Anatomy, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun 58128, Jeollanamdo, Republic of Korea
| | - Archana Arjunan
- Department of Anatomy, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun 58128, Jeollanamdo, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeongseo Ryu
- Department of Biochemistry, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun 58128, Jeollanamdo, Republic of Korea
- Biomedical Science Graduate Program (BMSGP), Chonnam National University, Hwasun 58128, Jeollanamdo, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeong-Hwan Lim
- Department of Biochemistry, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun 58128, Jeollanamdo, Republic of Korea
| | - Seo Yoon Choi
- Biomedical Science Graduate Program (BMSGP), Chonnam National University, Hwasun 58128, Jeollanamdo, Republic of Korea
- Department of Anatomy, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun 58128, Jeollanamdo, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Kyung Kim
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun 58128, Jeollanamdo, Republic of Korea
| | - Juhyun Song
- Biomedical Science Graduate Program (BMSGP), Chonnam National University, Hwasun 58128, Jeollanamdo, Republic of Korea
- Department of Anatomy, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun 58128, Jeollanamdo, Republic of Korea
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Song H, Liu J, Wang L, Hu X, Li J, Zhu L, Pang R, Zhang A. Tauroursodeoxycholic acid: a bile acid that may be used for the prevention and treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Front Neurosci 2024; 18:1348844. [PMID: 38440398 PMCID: PMC10909943 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2024.1348844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a prevalent neurodegenerative disease that has become one of the main factors affecting human health. It has serious impacts on individuals, families, and society. With the development of population aging, the incidence of AD will further increase worldwide. Emerging evidence suggests that many physiological metabolic processes, such as lipid metabolism, are implicated in the pathogenesis of AD. Bile acids, as the main undertakers of lipid metabolism, play an important role in the occurrence and development of Alzheimer's disease. Tauroursodeoxycholic acid, an endogenous bile acid, has been proven to possess therapeutic effects in different neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease. This review tries to find the relationship between bile acid metabolism and AD, as well as explore the therapeutic potential of bile acid taurocursodeoxycholic acid for this disease. The potential mechanisms of taurocursodeoxycholic acid may include reducing the deposition of Amyloid-β protein, regulating apoptotic pathways, preventing tau hyperphosphorylation and aggregation, protecting neuronal synapses, exhibiting anti-inflammatory properties, and improving metabolic disorders. The objective of this study is to shed light on the use of tauroursodeoxycholic acid preparations in the prevention and treatment of AD, with the aim of identifying effective treatment targets and clarifying various treatment mechanisms involved in this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honghu Song
- School of Health Preservation and Rehabilitation, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiancheng Liu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, China
| | - Linjie Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaomin Hu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiayu Li
- School of Health Preservation and Rehabilitation, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, China
| | - Li Zhu
- School of Health Preservation and Rehabilitation, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, China
| | - Rizhao Pang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, China
| | - Anren Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, Shanghai, China
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Chen YH, Wang ZB, Liu XP, Mao ZQ. Plasma Insulin Predicts Early Amyloid-β Pathology Changes in Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2024; 100:321-332. [PMID: 38848190 DOI: 10.3233/jad-240289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
Background Evidence suggests that type 2 diabetes (T2D) is an independent risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD), sharing similar pathophysiological traits like impaired insulin signaling. Objective To test the association between plasma insulin and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) AD pathology. Methods A total of 304 participants were included in the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative, assessing plasma insulin and CSF AD pathology. We explored the cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between plasma insulin and AD pathology and compared their associations across different AD clinical and pathological stages. Results In the non-demented group, amyloid-β (Aβ)+ participants (e.g., as reflected by CSF Aβ42) exhibited significantly lower plasma insulin levels compared to non-demented Aβ-participants (p < 0.001). This reduction in plasma insulin was more evident in the A+T+ group (as shown by CSF Aβ42 and pTau181 levels) when compared to the A-T- group within the non-dementia group (p = 0.002). Additionally, higher plasma insulin levels were consistently associated with more normal CSF Aβ42 levels (p < 0.001) across all participants. This association was particularly significant in the Aβ-group (p = 0.002) and among non-demented individuals (p < 0.001). Notably, baseline plasma insulin was significantly correlated with longitudinal changes in CSF Aβ42 (p = 0.006), whereas baseline CSF Aβ42 did not show a similar correlation with changes in plasma insulin over time. Conclusions These findings suggest an association between plasma insulin and early Aβ pathology in the early stages of AD, indicating that plasma insulin may be a potential predictor of changes in early Aβ pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Han Chen
- The First Clinical Medical School, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, China
| | - Zhi-Bo Wang
- Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Neurological Disorders, Beijing, China
| | - Xi-Peng Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University, Hebei, Zhangjiakou, China
| | - Zhi-Qi Mao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
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André S, Verteneuil S, Ris L, Kahvecioglu ZC, Nonclercq D, De Winter J, Vander Elst L, Laurent S, Muller RN, Burtea C. Modulation of Cytosolic Phospholipase A2 as a Potential Therapeutic Strategy for Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis Rep 2023; 7:1395-1426. [PMID: 38225969 PMCID: PMC10789292 DOI: 10.3233/adr-230075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder lacking any curative treatment up to now. Indeed, actual medication given to the patients alleviates only symptoms. The cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2-IVA) appears as a pivotal player situated at the center of pathological pathways leading to AD and its inhibition could be a promising therapeutic approach. Objective A cPLA2-IVA inhibiting peptide was identified in the present work, aiming to develop an original therapeutic strategy. Methods We targeted the cPLA2-IVA using the phage display technology. The hit peptide PLP25 was first validated in vitro (arachidonic acid dosage [AA], cPLA2-IVA cellular translocation) before being tested in vivo. We evaluated spatial memory using the Barnes maze, amyloid deposits by MRI and immunohistochemistry (IHC), and other important biomarkers such as the cPLA2-IVA itself, the NMDA receptor, AβPP and tau by IHC after i.v. injection in APP/PS1 mice. Results Showing a high affinity for the C2 domain of this enzyme, the peptide PLP25 exhibited an inhibitory effect on cPLA2-IVA activity by blocking its binding to its substrate, resulting in a decreased release of AA. Coupled to a vector peptide (LRPep2) in order to optimize brain access, we showed an improvement of cognitive abilities of APP/PS1 mice, which also exhibited a decreased number of amyloid plaques, a restored expression of cPLA2-IVA, and a favorable effect on NMDA receptor expression and tau protein phosphorylation. Conclusions cPLA2-IVA inhibition through PLP25 peptide could be a promising therapeutic strategy for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Séverine André
- General, Organic and Biomedical Chemistry Unit, NMR and Molecular Imaging Laboratory, University of Mons, Mons, Belgium
| | - Sébastien Verteneuil
- General, Organic and Biomedical Chemistry Unit, NMR and Molecular Imaging Laboratory, University of Mons, Mons, Belgium
| | - Laurence Ris
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Mons, Research Institute for Health Science and Technologies, Mons, Belgium
| | - Zehra-Cagla Kahvecioglu
- General, Organic and Biomedical Chemistry Unit, NMR and Molecular Imaging Laboratory, University of Mons, Mons, Belgium
| | | | - Julien De Winter
- Organic Synthesis and Mass Spectrometry Laboratory (SMOs), University of Mons-UMONS, Mons, Belgium
| | - Luce Vander Elst
- General, Organic and Biomedical Chemistry Unit, NMR and Molecular Imaging Laboratory, University of Mons, Mons, Belgium
| | - Sophie Laurent
- General, Organic and Biomedical Chemistry Unit, NMR and Molecular Imaging Laboratory, University of Mons, Mons, Belgium
- Center for Microscopy and Molecular Imaging, Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Robert N. Muller
- General, Organic and Biomedical Chemistry Unit, NMR and Molecular Imaging Laboratory, University of Mons, Mons, Belgium
- Center for Microscopy and Molecular Imaging, Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Carmen Burtea
- General, Organic and Biomedical Chemistry Unit, NMR and Molecular Imaging Laboratory, University of Mons, Mons, Belgium
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Khan MSH, Hefner M, Reddy A, Dhurandhar NV, Hegde V. E4orf1 improves adipose tissue-specific metabolic risk factors and indicators of cognition function in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Nutr Diabetes 2023; 13:13. [PMID: 37573386 PMCID: PMC10423203 DOI: 10.1038/s41387-023-00242-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Obesity, impaired glycemic control, and hepatic steatosis often coexist and are risk factors for developing dementia, and Alzheimer's disease (AD). We hypothesized that a therapeutic agent that improves glycemic control and steatosis may attenuate obesity-associated progression of dementia. We previously identified that adenoviral protein E4orf1 improves glycemic control and reduces hepatic steatosis despite obesity in mice. Here, we determined if this metabolic improvement by E4orf1 will ameliorate cognitive decline in a transgenic mouse model of AD. METHODS Fourteen- to twenty-month-old APP/PS1/E4orf1 and APP/PS1 (control) mice were fed a high-fat diet. Cognition was determined by Morris Water Maze (MWM). Systemic glycemic control and metabolic signaling changes in adipose tissue, liver, and brain were determined. RESULTS Compared to control, E4orf1 expression significantly improved glucose clearance, reduced endogenous insulin requirement and lowered body-fat, enhanced glucose and lipid metabolism in adipose tissue, and reduced de novo lipogenesis in the liver. In the brain, E4orf1 mice displayed significantly greater expression of genes involved in neurogenesis and amyloid-beta degradation and performed better in MWM testing. CONCLUSION This study opens-up the possibility of addressing glycemic control and steatosis for attenuating obesity-related cognitive decline. It also underscores the potential of E4orf1 for the purpose, which needs further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Shahjalal Hossain Khan
- Obesity and Metabolic Health Laboratory, Department of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, 79409, USA
- Neurosignaling Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Marleigh Hefner
- Obesity and Metabolic Health Laboratory, Department of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, 79409, USA
| | - Arubala Reddy
- Obesity and Metabolic Health Laboratory, Department of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, 79409, USA
| | - Nikhil V Dhurandhar
- Obesity and Metabolic Health Laboratory, Department of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, 79409, USA
| | - Vijay Hegde
- Obesity and Metabolic Health Laboratory, Department of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, 79409, USA.
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Xu Z, Chen J, Wang P, Li L, Hu S, Liu H, Huang Y, Mo X, Yan H, Shan Z, Wang D, Xu J, Liu L, Peng X. The role of peripheral β-amyloid in insulin resistance, insulin secretion, and prediabetes: in vitro and population-based studies. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1195658. [PMID: 37538787 PMCID: PMC10394827 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1195658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Previous experimental studies have shown that mice overexpressing amyloid precursor protein, in which β-amyloid (Aβ) is overproduced, exhibit peripheral insulin resistance, pancreatic impairment, and hyperglycemia. We aimed to explore the effects of Aβ on insulin action and insulin secretion in vitro and the association of plasma Aβ with prediabetes in human. Methods We examined the effects of Aβ40 and Aβ42 on insulin-inhibited glucose production in HepG2 cells, insulin-promoted glucose uptake in C2C12 myotubes, and insulin secretion in INS-1 cells. Furthermore, we conducted a case-control study (N = 1142) and a nested case-control study (N = 300) within the prospective Tongji-Ezhou cohort. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for prediabetes were estimated by using conditional logistic regression analyses. Results In the in vitro studies, Aβ40 and Aβ42 dose-dependently attenuated insulin-inhibited glucose production in HepG2 cells, insulin-promoted glucose uptake in C2C12 myotubes, and basal and glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in INS-1 cells. In the case-control study, plasma Aβ40 (adjusted OR: 2.00; 95% CI: 1.34, 3.01) and Aβ42 (adjusted OR: 1.94; 95% CI: 1.33, 2.83) were positively associated with prediabetes risk when comparing the extreme quartiles. In the nested case-control study, compared to the lowest quartile, the highest quartile of plasma Aβ40 and Aβ42 were associated with 3.51-fold (95% CI: 1.61, 7.62) and 2.75-fold (95% CI: 1.21, 6.22) greater odds of prediabetes, respectively. Conclusion Elevated plasma Aβ40 and Aβ42 levels were associated with increased risk of prediabetes in human subjects, which may be through impairing insulin sensitivity in hepatocytes and myotubes and insulin secretion in pancreatic β-cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihui Xu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, China
- Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Juan Chen
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, China
- Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Pei Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, China
- Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Linyan Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, China
- Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shan Hu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, China
- Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hongjie Liu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, China
- Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yue Huang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, China
- Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoxing Mo
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, China
- Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hong Yan
- Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhilei Shan
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, China
- Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Di Wang
- Xiangyang Key Laboratory of Public Health and Epidemic Prevention Materials Research, Xiangyang Public Inspection and Testing Center, Xiangyang, China
| | - Jian Xu
- Department of Elderly Health Management, Shenzhen Center for Chronic Disease Control, Shenzhen, China
| | - Liegang Liu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, China
- Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaobo Peng
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, China
- Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, China
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Srivastava H, Lasher AT, Nagarajan A, Sun LY. Sexual dimorphism in the peripheral metabolic homeostasis and behavior in the TgF344-AD rat model of Alzheimer's disease. Aging Cell 2023; 22:e13854. [PMID: 37095621 PMCID: PMC10352566 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), a prevalent form of dementia, is characterized by the decline of cognitive abilities with age. Available treatment options for AD are limited, making it a significant public health concern. Recent research suggests that metabolic dysfunction plays a role in the development of AD. In addition, insulin therapy has been shown to improve memory in patients with cognitive decline. In this study, we report the first examination of body composition, peripheral insulin sensitivity, and glucose tolerance in relation to behavioral assessments of learning, memory, and anxiety in the TgF344-AD rat model of AD. Results from glucose and insulin tolerance tests show that female TgF344-AD rats exhibit impaired glucose clearance and reduced insulin sensitivity at both 9 and 12 months of age, while males display no differences at 9 months and even improved glucose clearance at 12 months. Results from the Morris Water Maze assessment of learning and memory reveal that male TgF344-AD rats display impairments at both 9 and 12 months of age, while female TgF344-AD rats only show impairments at 12 months. Furthermore, results from open field and elevated plus maze tests suggest that female TgF344-AD rats display increased anxiety at 9 months of age; however, no differences were detected in males or at 12 months of age. Overall, our findings suggest that impairments in metabolism, commonly associated with type 2 diabetes, occur before or simultaneously with cognitive decline and anxiety in a sexually dimorphic manner in the TgF344-AD rat model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hemant Srivastava
- Department of BiologyUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamAlabamaUSA
| | | | - Akash Nagarajan
- Department of BiologyUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamAlabamaUSA
| | - Liou Y. Sun
- Department of BiologyUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamAlabamaUSA
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9
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Qin Y, Bai D, Tang M, Zhang M, Zhao L, Li J, Yang R, Jiang G. Ketogenic Diet Alleviates Brain Iron Deposition and Cognitive Dysfunction via Nrf2-mediated Ferroptosis pathway in APP/PS1 Mouse. Brain Res 2023; 1812:148404. [PMID: 37164173 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2023.148404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Progressive cognitive decline and increased brain iron deposition with age are important features of Alzheimer's disease. Previous studies have found that the short-term ketogenic diet has neuroprotective effects in a variety of neurodegenerative diseases, but the effects of an early and long-term ketogenic diet on brain iron content and cognition of Alzheimer's disease have not been reported. In our study, 8-week-old APP/PS1 mice were given a 12-month ketogenic or standard diet, while C57BL/6 mice matched with the age and genetic background of APP/PS1 mice were used as normal controls to be given a standard diet for the same length of time. We found that 12 months of an early ketogenic diet improved the impaired learning and memory ability of APP/PS1 mice. The improvement of cognitive function may be related to the reduction of amyloid-beta deposition and neuronal ferroptosis. The mechanism was achieved by the regulation of ferroptosis-related pathways after activation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 by ketogenic diet-induced elevated β-hydroxybutyrate. In addition, blood biochemical results showed that compared with the standard diet group of the disease, although the early and long-term ketogenic diet increased blood lipids to some extent, it seemed to reduce liver, renal, and myocardial damage caused by genetic differences. This will provide a piece of positive evidence for the early and long-term use of ketogenic diets in people at risk of Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaya Qin
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, 1 South Maoyuan Road, Nanchong 637000, Sichuan, China; Institute of Neurological Diseases, North Sichuan Medical College, 234 Fujiang Road, Nanchong, Sichuan, China
| | - Dazhang Bai
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, 1 South Maoyuan Road, Nanchong 637000, Sichuan, China; Institute of Neurological Diseases, North Sichuan Medical College, 234 Fujiang Road, Nanchong, Sichuan, China
| | - Ming Tang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, 1 South Maoyuan Road, Nanchong 637000, Sichuan, China; Institute of Neurological Diseases, North Sichuan Medical College, 234 Fujiang Road, Nanchong, Sichuan, China
| | - Ming Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, 1 South Maoyuan Road, Nanchong 637000, Sichuan, China; Institute of Neurological Diseases, North Sichuan Medical College, 234 Fujiang Road, Nanchong, Sichuan, China
| | - Li Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, 1 South Maoyuan Road, Nanchong 637000, Sichuan, China; Institute of Neurological Diseases, North Sichuan Medical College, 234 Fujiang Road, Nanchong, Sichuan, China
| | - Jia Li
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, 1 South Maoyuan Road, Nanchong 637000, Sichuan, China; Institute of Neurological Diseases, North Sichuan Medical College, 234 Fujiang Road, Nanchong, Sichuan, China
| | - Rui Yang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, 1 South Maoyuan Road, Nanchong 637000, Sichuan, China; Institute of Neurological Diseases, North Sichuan Medical College, 234 Fujiang Road, Nanchong, Sichuan, China
| | - Guohui Jiang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, 1 South Maoyuan Road, Nanchong 637000, Sichuan, China; Institute of Neurological Diseases, North Sichuan Medical College, 234 Fujiang Road, Nanchong, Sichuan, China.
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10
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Song M, Fan X. Systemic Metabolism and Mitochondria in the Mechanism of Alzheimer's Disease: Finding Potential Therapeutic Targets. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24098398. [PMID: 37176104 PMCID: PMC10179273 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Elderly people over the age of 65 are those most likely to experience Alzheimer's disease (AD), and aging and AD are associated with apparent metabolic alterations. Currently, there is no curative medication against AD and only several drugs have been approved by the FDA, but these drugs can only improve the symptoms of AD. Many preclinical and clinical trials have explored the impact of adjusting the whole-body and intracellular metabolism on the pathogenesis of AD. The most recent evidence suggests that mitochondria initiate an integrated stress response to environmental stress, which is beneficial for healthy aging and neuroprotection. There is also an increasing awareness of the differential risk and potential targeting strategies related to the metabolic level and microbiome. As the main participants in intracellular metabolism, mitochondrial bioenergetics, mitochondrial quality-control mechanisms, and mitochondria-linked inflammatory responses have been regarded as potential therapeutic targets for AD. This review summarizes and highlights these advances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiying Song
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Xiang Fan
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
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11
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Yavari M, Ramalingam L, Harris BN, Kahathuduwa CN, Chavira A, Biltz C, Mounce L, Maldonado KA, Scoggin S, Zu Y, Kalupahana NS, Yosofvand M, Moussa H, Moustaid-Moussa N. Eicosapentaenoic Acid Protects against Metabolic Impairments in the APPswe/PS1dE9 Alzheimer's Disease Mouse Model. J Nutr 2023; 153:1038-1051. [PMID: 36781072 PMCID: PMC10273166 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2023.01.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an age-related neurodegenerative disease characterized by amyloid-β (Aβ) plaques. Systemic inflammation and obesity may exacerbate AD pathogenesis. We previously reported anti-inflammatory and anti-obesity effects of EPA in mice. OBJECTIVES We aimed to determine whether EPA reduces obesity-associated metabolic dysfunctions and Aβ accumulation in AD amyloidogenic mice. METHODS Two-mo-old APPswe/PS1dE9 transgenic (TG) mice and non-TG littermates were randomly assigned to low fat (LF; 10% kcal fat), high fat (HF; 45% kcal fat), or EPA (36 g/kg)-supplemented HF diets. Body composition, glucose tolerance, and energy expenditure were measured, and serum and brain metabolic markers were tested 38 wk postintervention. Outcomes were statistically analyzed via 3-factor ANOVA, modeling genotype, sex, and diet interactions. RESULTS HF-fed males gained more weight than females (Δ = 61 mg; P < 0.001). Compared with LF, HF increased body weights of wild-type (WT) males (Δ = 31 mg; P < 0.001). EPA reduced HF-induced weight gain in WT males (Δ = 24 mg; P = 0.054) but not in females. HF mice showed decreased glucose clearance and respiratory energy compared with LF-fed groups (Δ = -1.31 g/dL; P < 0.001), with no significant effects of EPA. However, EPA conferred metabolic improvements by decreasing serum leptin and insulin (Δ = -2.51 g/mL and Δ = -0.694 ng/mL, respectively compared with HF, P ≤ 0.05) and increasing adiponectin (Δ = 21.6 ng/mL; P < 0.001). As we expected, TG mice expressed higher serum and brain Aβ than WT mice (Δ = 0.131 ng/mL; P < 0.001 and Δ = 0.56%; P < 0.01, respectively), and EPA reduced serum Aβ1-40 in TG males compared with HF (Δ = 0.053 ng/mL; P ≤ 0.05). CONCLUSIONS To our knowledge, this is the first report that EPA reduces serum Aβ1-40 in obese AD male mice, warranting further investigations into tissue-specific mechanisms of EPA in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahsa Yavari
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA; Obesity Research Institute, Office of Research & Innovation, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Latha Ramalingam
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Breanna N Harris
- Obesity Research Institute, Office of Research & Innovation, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA; Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Chanaka Nadeeshan Kahathuduwa
- Obesity Research Institute, Office of Research & Innovation, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA; Department of Laboratory Science and Primary Care, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Angela Chavira
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Caroline Biltz
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Logan Mounce
- Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | | | - Shane Scoggin
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Yujiao Zu
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA; Obesity Research Institute, Office of Research & Innovation, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Nishan Sudheera Kalupahana
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA; Obesity Research Institute, Office of Research & Innovation, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA; Department of Physiology, University of Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
| | - Mohammad Yosofvand
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Hanna Moussa
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Naima Moustaid-Moussa
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA; Obesity Research Institute, Office of Research & Innovation, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA.
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12
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Christensen A, Pike CJ. Effects of APOE Genotype and Western Diet on Metabolic Phenotypes in Female Mice. Metabolites 2023; 13:metabo13020287. [PMID: 36837905 PMCID: PMC9959618 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13020287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Western diets high in sugars and saturated fats have been reported to induce metabolic and inflammatory impairments that are associated with several age-related disorders, including Alzheimer's disease (AD) and type 2 diabetes (T2D). The apolipoprotein E (APOE) genotype is associated with metabolic and inflammatory outcomes that contribute to risks for AD and T2D, with the APOE4 genotype increasing risks relative to the more common APOE3 allele. In this study, we investigated the impacts of the APOE genotype on systemic and neural effects of the Western diet. Female mice with knock-in of human APOE3 or APOE4 were exposed to control or Western diet for 13 weeks. In the control diet, we observed that APOE4 mice presented with impaired metabolic phenotypes, exhibiting greater adiposity, higher plasma leptin and insulin levels, and poorer glucose clearance than APOE3 mice. Behaviorally, APOE4 mice exhibited worse performance in a hippocampal-dependent learning task. In visceral adipose tissue, APOE4 mice exhibited generally higher expression levels of macrophage- and inflammation-related genes. The cerebral cortex showed a similar pattern, with higher expression of macrophage- and inflammation-related genes in APOE4 than APOE3 mice. Exposure to the Western diet yielded modest, statistically non-significant effects on most metabolic, behavioral, and gene expression measures in both APOE genotypes. Interestingly, the Western diet resulted in reduced gene expression of a few macrophage markers, specifically in APOE4 mice. The observed relative resistance to the Western diet suggests protective roles of both female sex and young adult age. Further, the data demonstrate that APOE4 is associated with deleterious systemic and neural phenotypes and an altered response to a metabolic stressor, findings relevant to the understanding of interactions between the APOE genotype and risks for metabolic disorders.
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13
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Findley CA, McFadden SA, Cox MF, Sime LN, Peck MR, Quinn K, Bartke A, Hascup KN, Hascup ER. Prodromal Glutamatergic Modulation with Riluzole Impacts Glucose Homeostasis and Spatial Cognition in Alzheimer's Disease Mice. J Alzheimers Dis 2023; 94:371-392. [PMID: 37248899 PMCID: PMC10357216 DOI: 10.3233/jad-221245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prior research supports a strong link between Alzheimer's disease (AD) and metabolic dysfunction that involves a multi-directional interaction between glucose, glutamatergic homeostasis, and amyloid pathology. Elevated soluble amyloid-β (Aβ) is an early biomarker for AD-associated cognitive decline that contributes to concurrent glutamatergic and metabolic dyshomeostasis in humans and male transgenic AD mice. Yet, it remains unclear how primary time-sensitive targeting of hippocampal glutamatergic activity may impact glucose regulation in an amyloidogenic mouse model. Previous studies have illustrated increased glucose uptake and metabolism using a neuroprotective glutamate modulator (riluzole), supporting the link between glucose and glutamatergic homeostasis. OBJECTIVE We hypothesized that targeting early glutamatergic hyperexcitation through riluzole treatment could aid in attenuating co-occurring metabolic and amyloidogenic pathologies with the intent of ameliorating cognitive decline. METHODS We conducted an early intervention study in male and female transgenic (AβPP/PS1) and knock-in (APPNL - F/NL - F) AD mice to assess the on- and off-treatment effects of prodromal glutamatergic modulation (2-6 months of age) on glucose homeostasis and spatial cognition through riluzole treatment. RESULTS Results indicated a sex- and genotype-specific effect on glucose homeostasis and spatial cognition with riluzole intervention that evolved with disease progression and time since treatment. CONCLUSION These findings support the interconnected nature of glucose and glutamatergic homeostasis with amyloid pathology and petition for further investigation into the targeting of this relationship to improve cognitive performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caleigh A. Findley
- Neuroscience Institute, Dale and Deborah Smith Center for Alzheimer’s Research and Treatment, Department of Neurology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, USA
- Departments of Pharmacology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, USA
| | - Samuel A. McFadden
- Neuroscience Institute, Dale and Deborah Smith Center for Alzheimer’s Research and Treatment, Department of Neurology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, USA
| | - MaKayla F. Cox
- Neuroscience Institute, Dale and Deborah Smith Center for Alzheimer’s Research and Treatment, Department of Neurology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, USA
| | - Lindsey N. Sime
- Neuroscience Institute, Dale and Deborah Smith Center for Alzheimer’s Research and Treatment, Department of Neurology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, USA
| | - Mackenzie R. Peck
- Neuroscience Institute, Dale and Deborah Smith Center for Alzheimer’s Research and Treatment, Department of Neurology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, USA
| | - Kathleen Quinn
- Neuroscience Institute, Dale and Deborah Smith Center for Alzheimer’s Research and Treatment, Department of Neurology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, USA
| | - Andrzej Bartke
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Cell Biology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, USA
| | - Kevin N. Hascup
- Neuroscience Institute, Dale and Deborah Smith Center for Alzheimer’s Research and Treatment, Department of Neurology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, USA
- Departments of Pharmacology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, USA
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Cell Biology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, USA
| | - Erin R. Hascup
- Neuroscience Institute, Dale and Deborah Smith Center for Alzheimer’s Research and Treatment, Department of Neurology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, USA
- Departments of Pharmacology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, USA
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Branched-Chain Amino Acids Are Linked with Alzheimer's Disease-Related Pathology and Cognitive Deficits. Cells 2022; 11:cells11213523. [PMID: 36359919 PMCID: PMC9658564 DOI: 10.3390/cells11213523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an irreversible neurodegenerative disorder with a complex pathophysiology. Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a strong risk factor for AD that shares similar abnormal features including metabolic dysregulation and brain pathology such as amyloid and/or Tau deposits. Emerging evidence suggests that circulating branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) are associated with T2D. While excess BCAAs are shown to be harmful to neurons, its connection to AD is poorly understood. Here we show that individuals with AD have elevated circulating BCAAs and their metabolites compared to healthy individuals, and that a BCAA metabolite is correlated with the severity of dementia. APPSwe mouse model of AD also displayed higher plasma BCAAs compared to controls. In pursuit of understanding a potential causality, BCAA supplementation to HT-22 neurons was found to reduce genes critical for neuronal health while increasing phosphorylated Tau. Moreover, restricting BCAAs from diet delayed cognitive decline and lowered AD-related pathology in the cortex and hippocampus in APP/PS1 mice. BCAA restriction for two months was sufficient to correct glycemic control and increased/restored dopamine that were severely reduced in APP/PS1 controls. Treating 5xFAD mice that show early brain pathology with a BCAA-lowering compound recapitulated the beneficial effects of BCAA restriction on brain pathology and neurotransmitters including norepinephrine and serotonin. Collectively, this study reveals a positive association between circulating BCAAs and AD. Our findings suggest that BCAAs impair neuronal functions whereas BCAA-lowering alleviates AD-related pathology and cognitive decline, thus establishing a potential causal link between BCAAs and AD progression.
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15
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AdipoRon induces AMPK activation and ameliorates Alzheimer's like pathologies and associated cognitive impairment in APP/PS1 mice. Neurobiol Dis 2022; 174:105876. [PMID: 36162737 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2022.105876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive devastating neurodegenerative disorder characterized by extracellular amyloid beta (Aβ42) plaque formation, hyperphosphorylation of tau protein leading to intracellular neurofibrillary tangle formation. Recently discovered hallmark features responsible for AD pathogenesis are neuronal insulin resistance, dysregulation in adiponectin and AMPK signaling. The presence of adiponectin and its receptor in the brain with its unique anti-diabetic effects and association with neurodegenerative diseases has raised our interest in exploring orally active small molecule adiponectin receptor agonist, AdipoRon. To date, all the available drugs for the treatment of AD provides symptomatic relief and do not stall the progression of the disease. Indeed, it is becoming increasingly apparent to find appropriate targets. Here, we attempt to shed lights on adiponectin receptor agonist, AdipoRon and its downstream molecular targets in reducing disease pathogenesis and insulin resistance. In brain, AdipoRon induced AMPK activation, increased insulin sensitivity, reduced amyloid beta plaque deposition and improved cognitive impairment. Levels of BACE were also downregulated while LDLR, APOE and neprilysin were upregulated promoting amyloid beta clearance from brain. AdipoRon further reduced the chronic inflammatory marker, GFAP and improved synaptic markers PSD-95 and synaptophysin in APP/PS1 mice. Our in-vitro studies further confirmed the potential role of AdipoRon in improving insulin sensitivity by increasing GLUT 4 translocation, glucose uptake and insulin signaling under hyperinsulinemic condition. Our findings suggest that AdipoRon could be a promising lead in the future treatment strategies in the development of effective AD treatment.
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16
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Protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) as a potential therapeutic target for neurological disorders. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 155:113709. [PMID: 36126456 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) is a typical member of the PTP family, considered a direct negative regulator of several receptor and receptor-associated tyrosine kinases. This widely localized enzyme has been involved in the pathophysiology of several diseases. More recently, PTP1B has attracted attention in the field of neuroscience, since its activation in brain cells can lead to schizophrenia-like behaviour deficits, anxiety-like effects, neurodegeneration, neuroinflammation and depression. Conversely, PTP1B inhibition has been shown to prevent microglial activation, thus exerting a potent anti-inflammatory effect and has also shown potential to increase the cognitive process through the stimulation of hippocampal insulin, leptin and BDNF/TrkB receptors. Notwithstanding, most research on the clinical efficacy of targeting PTP1B has been developed in the field of obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (TD2M). However, despite the link existing between these metabolic alterations and neurodegeneration, no clinical trials assessing the neurological advantages of PTP1B inhibition have been performed yet. Preclinical studies, though, have provided strong evidence that targeting PTP1B could allow to reach different pathophysiological mechanisms at once. herefore, specific interventions or trials should be designed to modulate PTP1B activity in brain, since it is a promising strategy to decelerate or prevent neurodegeneration in aged individuals, among other neurological diseases. The present paper fails to include all neurological conditions in which PTP1B could have a role; instead, it focuses on those which have been related to metabolic alterations and neurodegenerative processes. Moreover, only preclinical data is discussed, since clinical studies on the potential of PTP1B inhibition for treating neurological diseases are still required.
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17
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Amelianchik A, Sweetland-Martin L, Norris EH. The effect of dietary fat consumption on Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis in mouse models. Transl Psychiatry 2022; 12:293. [PMID: 35869065 PMCID: PMC9307654 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-022-02067-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a fatal cognitive disorder with proteinaceous brain deposits, neuroinflammation, cerebrovascular dysfunction, and extensive neuronal loss over time. AD is a multifactorial disease, and lifestyle factors, including diet, are likely associated with the development of AD pathology. Since obesity and diabetes are recognized as risk factors for AD, it might be predicted that a high-fat diet (HFD) would worsen AD pathology. However, modeling HFD-induced obesity in AD animal models has yielded inconclusive results. Some studies report a deleterious effect of HFD on Aβ accumulation, neuroinflammation, and cognitive function, while others report that HFD worsens memory without affecting AD brain pathology. Moreover, several studies report no major effect of HFD on AD-related phenotypes in mice, while other studies show that HFD might, in fact, be protective. The lack of a clear association between dietary fat consumption and AD-related pathology and cognitive function in AD mouse models might be explained by experimental variations, including AD mouse model, sex and age of the animals, composition of the HFD, and timeline of HFD consumption. In this review, we summarize recent studies that aimed at elucidating the effect of HFD-induced obesity on AD-related pathology in mice and provide an overview of the factors that may have contributed to the results reported in these studies. Based on the heterogeneity of these animal model studies and given that the human population itself is quite disparate, it is likely that people will benefit most from individualized nutritional plans based on their medical history and clinical profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Amelianchik
- Patricia and John Rosenwald Laboratory of Neurobiology & Genetics, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lauren Sweetland-Martin
- Patricia and John Rosenwald Laboratory of Neurobiology & Genetics, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY, USA
| | - Erin H Norris
- Patricia and John Rosenwald Laboratory of Neurobiology & Genetics, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY, USA.
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18
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Xu X, Qi P, Zhang Y, Sun H, Yan Y, Sun W, Liu S. Effect of Selenium Treatment on Central Insulin Sensitivity: A Proteomic Analysis in β-Amyloid Precursor Protein/Presenilin-1 Transgenic Mice. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:931788. [PMID: 35875664 PMCID: PMC9302600 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.931788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Prior studies have demonstrated a close association between brain insulin resistance and Alzheimer’s disease (AD), while selenium supplementation was shown to improve insulin homeostasis in AD patients and to exert neuroprotective effects in a mouse model of AD. However, the mechanisms underlying the neuroprotective actions of selenium remain incompletely understood. In this study, we performed a label-free liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) quantitative proteomics approach to analyze differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex of Aβ precursor protein (APP)/presenilin-1 (PS1) mice following 2 months of treatment with sodium selenate. A total of 319 DEPs (205 upregulated and 114 downregulated proteins) were detected after selenium treatment. Functional enrichment analysis revealed that the DEPs were mainly enriched in processes affecting axon development, neuron differentiation, tau protein binding, and insulin/insulin-like growth factor type 1 (IGF1)-related pathways. These results demonstrate that a number of insulin/IGF1 signaling pathway-associated proteins are differentially expressed in ways that are consistent with reduced central insulin resistance, suggesting that selenium has therapeutic value in the treatment of neurodegenerative and metabolic diseases such as AD and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Xu
- Department of Nursing, School of Nursing, Shandong Xiehe University, Jinan, China
| | - Pishui Qi
- Department of Pharmacy, Shandong Rongjun General Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Rongjun General Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Huihuan Sun
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Rongjun General Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Yong Yan
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Wenxiu Sun
- Department of Pharmacy, Taishan Vocational College of Nursing, Taian, China
- *Correspondence: Wenxiu Sun,
| | - Shudong Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Rongjun General Hospital, Jinan, China
- Shudong Liu,
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19
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Exogenous lipase administration alters gut microbiota composition and ameliorates Alzheimer's disease-like pathology in APP/PS1 mice. Sci Rep 2022; 12:4797. [PMID: 35314754 PMCID: PMC8938460 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-08840-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) represents the most common form of dementia in the elderly with no available disease modifying treatments. Altered gut microbial composition has been widely acknowledged as a common feature of AD, which potentially contributes to progression or onset of AD. To assess the hypothesis that Candida rugosa lipase (CRL), which has been shown to enhance gut microbiome and metabolite composition, can rebalance the gut microbiome composition and reduce AD pathology, the treatment effects in APPswe/PS1de9 (APP/PS1) mice were investigated. The analysis revealed an increased abundance of Acetatifactor and Clostridiales vadin BB60 genera in the gut; increased lipid hydrolysis in the gut lumen, normalization of peripheral unsaturated fatty acids, and reduction of neuroinflammation and memory deficits post treatment. Finally, we demonstrated that the evoked benefits on memory could be transferred via fecal matter transplant (FMT) into antibiotic-induced microbiome-depleted (AIMD) wildtype mice, ameliorating their memory deficits. The findings herein contributed to improve our understanding of the role of the gut microbiome in AD’s complex networks and suggested that targeted modification of the gut could contribute to amelioration of AD neuropathology.
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20
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Fanelli G, Franke B, De Witte W, Ruisch IH, Haavik J, van Gils V, Jansen WJ, Vos SJB, Lind L, Buitelaar JK, Banaschewski T, Dalsgaard S, Serretti A, Mota NR, Poelmans G, Bralten J. Insulinopathies of the brain? Genetic overlap between somatic insulin-related and neuropsychiatric disorders. Transl Psychiatry 2022; 12:59. [PMID: 35165256 PMCID: PMC8844407 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-022-01817-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of somatic insulinopathies, like metabolic syndrome (MetS), obesity, and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), is higher in Alzheimer's disease (AD), autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Dysregulation of insulin signalling has been implicated in these neuropsychiatric disorders, and shared genetic factors might partly underlie this observed multimorbidity. We investigated the genetic overlap between AD, ASD, and OCD with MetS, obesity, and T2DM by estimating pairwise global genetic correlations using the summary statistics of the largest available genome-wide association studies for these phenotypes. Having tested these hypotheses, other potential brain "insulinopathies" were also explored by estimating the genetic relationship of six additional neuropsychiatric disorders with nine insulin-related diseases/traits. Stratified covariance analyses were then performed to investigate the contribution of insulin-related gene sets. Significant negative genetic correlations were found between OCD and MetS (rg = -0.315, p = 3.9 × 10-8), OCD and obesity (rg = -0.379, p = 3.4 × 10-5), and OCD and T2DM (rg = -0.172, p = 3 × 10-4). Significant genetic correlations with insulin-related phenotypes were also found for anorexia nervosa (AN), attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), major depressive disorder, and schizophrenia (p < 6.17 × 10-4). Stratified analyses showed negative genetic covariances between AD, ASD, OCD, ADHD, AN, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia and somatic insulinopathies through gene sets related to insulin signalling and insulin receptor recycling, and positive genetic covariances between AN and T2DM, as well as ADHD and MetS through gene sets related to insulin processing/secretion (p < 2.06 × 10-4). Overall, our findings suggest the existence of two clusters of neuropsychiatric disorders, in which the genetics of insulin-related diseases/traits may exert divergent pleiotropic effects. These results represent a starting point for a new research line on "insulinopathies" of the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Fanelli
- grid.6292.f0000 0004 1757 1758Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy ,grid.10417.330000 0004 0444 9382Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Barbara Franke
- grid.10417.330000 0004 0444 9382Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, The Netherlands ,grid.10417.330000 0004 0444 9382Department of Psychiatry, Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Ward De Witte
- grid.10417.330000 0004 0444 9382Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - I. Hyun Ruisch
- grid.4494.d0000 0000 9558 4598Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Haavik
- grid.7914.b0000 0004 1936 7443Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway ,grid.412008.f0000 0000 9753 1393Division of Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Veerle van Gils
- grid.5012.60000 0001 0481 6099Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Willemijn J. Jansen
- grid.5012.60000 0001 0481 6099Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Stephanie J. B. Vos
- grid.5012.60000 0001 0481 6099Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Lars Lind
- grid.8993.b0000 0004 1936 9457Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jan K. Buitelaar
- grid.10417.330000 0004 0444 9382Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Tobias Banaschewski
- grid.7700.00000 0001 2190 4373Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Søren Dalsgaard
- grid.7048.b0000 0001 1956 2722National Centre for Register-Based Research, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark ,grid.452548.a0000 0000 9817 5300The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, PSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Alessandro Serretti
- grid.6292.f0000 0004 1757 1758Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Nina Roth Mota
- grid.10417.330000 0004 0444 9382Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Geert Poelmans
- grid.10417.330000 0004 0444 9382Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Janita Bralten
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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21
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Austad SN, Ballinger S, Buford TW, Carter CS, Smith DL, Darley-Usmar V, Zhang J. Targeting whole body metabolism and mitochondrial bioenergetics in the drug development for Alzheimer's disease. Acta Pharm Sin B 2022; 12:511-531. [PMID: 35256932 PMCID: PMC8897048 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2021.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is by far the most prominent risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD), and both aging and AD are associated with apparent metabolic alterations. As developing effective therapeutic interventions to treat AD is clearly in urgent need, the impact of modulating whole-body and intracellular metabolism in preclinical models and in human patients, on disease pathogenesis, have been explored. There is also an increasing awareness of differential risk and potential targeting strategies related to biological sex, microbiome, and circadian regulation. As a major part of intracellular metabolism, mitochondrial bioenergetics, mitochondrial quality-control mechanisms, and mitochondria-linked inflammatory responses have been considered for AD therapeutic interventions. This review summarizes and highlights these efforts.
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Key Words
- ACE2, angiotensin I converting enzyme (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) 2
- AD, Alzheimer's disease
- ADP, adenosine diphosphate
- ADRD, AD-related dementias
- Aβ, amyloid β
- CSF, cerebrospinal fluid
- Circadian regulation
- DAMPs
- DAMPs, damage-associated molecular patterns
- Diabetes
- ER, estrogen receptor
- ETC, electron transport chain
- FCCP, trifluoromethoxy carbonylcyanide phenylhydrazone
- FPR-1, formyl peptide receptor 1
- GIP, glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide
- GLP-1, glucagon-like peptide-1
- HBP, hexoamine biosynthesis pathway
- HTRA, high temperature requirement A
- Hexokinase biosynthesis pathway
- I3A, indole-3-carboxaldehyde
- IRF-3, interferon regulatory factor 3
- LC3, microtubule associated protein light chain 3
- LPS, lipopolysaccharide
- LRR, leucine-rich repeat
- MAVS, mitochondrial anti-viral signaling
- MCI, mild cognitive impairment
- MRI, magnetic resonance imaging
- MRS, magnetic resonance spectroscopy
- Mdivi-1, mitochondrial division inhibitor 1
- Microbiome
- Mitochondrial DNA
- Mitochondrial electron transport chain
- Mitochondrial quality control
- NLRP3, leucine-rich repeat (LRR)-containing protein (NLR)-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3
- NOD, nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain
- NeuN, neuronal nuclear protein
- PET, fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)-positron emission tomography
- PKA, protein kinase A
- POLβ, the base-excision repair enzyme DNA polymerase β
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- Reactive species
- SAMP8, senescence-accelerated mice
- SCFAs, short-chain fatty acids
- SIRT3, NAD-dependent deacetylase sirtuin-3
- STING, stimulator of interferon genes
- STZ, streptozotocin
- SkQ1, plastoquinonyldecyltriphenylphosphonium
- T2D, type 2 diabetes
- TCA, Tricarboxylic acid
- TLR9, toll-like receptor 9
- TMAO, trimethylamine N-oxide
- TP, tricyclic pyrone
- TRF, time-restricted feeding
- cAMP, cyclic adenosine monophosphate
- cGAS, cyclic GMP/AMP synthase
- hAPP, human amyloid precursor protein
- hPREP, human presequence protease
- i.p., intraperitoneal
- mTOR, mechanistic target of rapamycin
- mtDNA, mitochondrial DNA
- αkG, alpha-ketoglutarate
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven N. Austad
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Scott Ballinger
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Thomas W. Buford
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Christy S. Carter
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Daniel L. Smith
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Victor Darley-Usmar
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Jianhua Zhang
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
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22
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Busquets O, Carrasco M, Espinosa-Jiménez T, Ettcheto M, Verdaguer E, Auladell C, Bullò M, Camins A, Pinent M, Rodríguez-Gallego E, Folch J. GSPE pre-treatment protects against long-term cafeteria diet-induced mitochondrial and inflammatory affectations in the hippocampus of rats. Nutr Neurosci 2021; 25:2627-2637. [PMID: 34789070 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2021.1995118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Deregulations like the loss of sensitivity to insulin (insulin resistance) and chronic inflammation are alterations very commonly found in sporadic forms of neurodegenerative pathologies. Thus, finding strategies to protect against them, may lead to a reduction in the incidence and/or affectation of these pathologies. The grape seed-derived proanthocyanidins extract (GSPE) is a mixture of compounds highly enriched in polyphenols and flavonoids that have shown to have a wide range of therapeutic benefits due to their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to assess the protective effects of a short pre-treatment of GSPE in the hippocampus against a prolonged feeding with cafeteria diet. METHODS GSPE was administered for 10 days followed by 12 weeks of cafeteria diet. We analyzed transcriptional activity of genes and protein expression of key mediators of neurodegeneration in brain samples. RESULTS Results indicated that GSPE was able to protect against cellular damage through the activation of AKT, as well as promote the maintenance of mitochondrial function by conserving the OXPHOS complexes and upregulating the antioxidant SOD. DISCUSSION We observed that GSPE decreased inflammatory activation as observed through the downregulation of JNK, IL6 and TNFα, just like the reduction in reactive profile of astrocytes. Overall, the data presented here offers an interesting and hopeful initial step for future long-term studies on the beneficial effects of a supplementation of common diets with polyphenol and flavonoid substances for the amelioration of typical early hallmarks of neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oriol Busquets
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain.,Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, Pharmacy and Food Sciences Faculty, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Marina Carrasco
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain.,Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, Pharmacy and Food Sciences Faculty, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Triana Espinosa-Jiménez
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, Pharmacy and Food Sciences Faculty, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Miren Ettcheto
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain.,Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, Pharmacy and Food Sciences Faculty, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ester Verdaguer
- Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain.,Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Biology Faculty, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carme Auladell
- Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain.,Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Biology Faculty, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mònica Bullò
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de la Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN) dirigido por Jordi Salas en la Fundación Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Pere Virgili, Tarragona, Spain.,Fundació Institut d'Investigació Sanitaria Pere Virgili (IISPV), Tarragona, Spain
| | - Antoni Camins
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, Pharmacy and Food Sciences Faculty, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Montserrat Pinent
- MoBioFood Research Group, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Esther Rodríguez-Gallego
- MoBioFood Research Group, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Jaume Folch
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain.,Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain.,Fundació Institut d'Investigació Sanitaria Pere Virgili (IISPV), Tarragona, Spain
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23
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Li Z, Zhang Y, Zheng Y, Liu W, Zhang X, Li W, Zhang D, Cai Q, Wang S, Meng X, Huang G. Intranasal 15d-PGJ2 ameliorates brain glucose hypometabolism via PPARγ-dependent activation of PGC-1α/GLUT4 signalling in APP/PS1 transgenic mice. Neuropharmacology 2021; 196:108685. [PMID: 34175325 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2021.108685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Targeting the common molecular mechanism of type 2 diabetes mellitus and Alzheimer's disease (AD), including dysregulation of glucose metabolism, insulin resistance, and neuroinflammation, might be an efficient treatment strategy for AD. Previous studies have shown that 15-deoxy-Δ12,14-prostaglandin J2 (15d-PGJ2), an endogenous PPARγ agonist, has anti-inflammatory, insulin sensitizing and anti-diabetic effects. However, whether 15d-PGJ2 has beneficial effects on AD remains to be elucidated. In the present study, we found that intranasal administration of 15d-PGJ2 (300 ng/30 μL/day) for 3 months significantly inhibited Aβ plaques, suppressed neuroinflammation, and attenuated cognitive deficits in APP/PS1 transgenic mice. Interestingly, 15d-PGJ2 treatment could increase brain glucose uptake, as detected by 18F-FDG microPET imaging, and co-localization of GLUT4 and NeuN in the hippocampus of APP/PS1 mice. Furthermore, 15d-PGJ2 markedly increased the expression of PPARγ and PGC-1α, upregulated GLUT4, and decreased the phosphorylation of IRS-1 (Ser616) in the hippocampus of APP/PS1 mice. Importantly, co-administration of a PPARγ antagonist GW9662 abrogated these protective effects of 15d-PGJ2. Collectively, intranasal 15d-PGJ2 conferred protective effects against AD by activating PPARγ-dependent PGC-1α/GLUT4 signalling. The PPARγ agonist 15d-PGJ2 might be a potential therapeutic drug for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongyang Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Neurosurgery, Inst Translat Med, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, No. 3002 Sungang Westroad, Futian District, Shenzhen, 518035, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Neurosurgery, Inst Translat Med, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, No. 3002 Sungang Westroad, Futian District, Shenzhen, 518035, China
| | - Yueyang Zheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Neurosurgery, Inst Translat Med, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, No. 3002 Sungang Westroad, Futian District, Shenzhen, 518035, China
| | - Wenlan Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Neurosurgery, Inst Translat Med, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, No. 3002 Sungang Westroad, Futian District, Shenzhen, 518035, China
| | - Xiejun Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Neurosurgery, Inst Translat Med, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, No. 3002 Sungang Westroad, Futian District, Shenzhen, 518035, China
| | - Weiping Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Neurosurgery, Inst Translat Med, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, No. 3002 Sungang Westroad, Futian District, Shenzhen, 518035, China
| | - Di Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Neurosurgery, Inst Translat Med, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, No. 3002 Sungang Westroad, Futian District, Shenzhen, 518035, China
| | - Qian Cai
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, No. 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Sicen Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No.76, Yanta Westroad, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Xiangbao Meng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Neurosurgery, Inst Translat Med, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, No. 3002 Sungang Westroad, Futian District, Shenzhen, 518035, China; College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, No. 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
| | - Guodong Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Neurosurgery, Inst Translat Med, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, No. 3002 Sungang Westroad, Futian District, Shenzhen, 518035, China.
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24
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Moustafa SR. The immune-opioid axis in prediabetes: predicting prediabetes with insulin resistance by plasma interleukin-10 and endomorphin-2 to kappa-opioid receptors ratio. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2021; 13:61. [PMID: 34099024 PMCID: PMC8185911 DOI: 10.1186/s13098-021-00677-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prediabetes is characterized by a hemoglobin A1c of 5.7-6.4% and fasting blood glucose of 100-125 mg/dl. A high percentage of prediabetes subjects develop type 2 diabetes mellitus in the next years. The effects of opioid peptides and their receptors, in addition to immunological cytokines, on prediabetes are not well understood. Therefore, molecular, physiological, and clinical studies are required to link the opioid system, immune system, and insulin resistance (IR) in prediabetes. We hypothesize that opioid peptides (endomorphin-2 (EM2), and β-endorphin (βEP)), and their receptors (µ-opioid receptors (MOR) and κ-opioid receptors (KOR)), in addition to the inflammatory cytokines (IL-6) and anti-inflammatory cytokine (IL-10), affect IR parameters in patients with prediabetes. METHODS Sixty prediabetes patients with IR (prediabetes+IR) and sixty prediabetes patients without IR (prediabetes-IR), in addition to 58 controls, have participated in the study. IL-6, IL-10, EM2, βEP, MOR, and KOR were measured by the ELISA technique. RESULTS In general, most prediabetes subjects have dyslipidemia. The IL-6, IL-10, β-endorphin, MOR, and endomorphin-2 were higher in the prediabetes subgroups than the control group. The immune system was activated in the prediabetes in an IR-dependent manner. Prediabetes+IR can be predicted by the increased levels of IL-10, βEP, and EM2 and by the combination of IL-10 and EM2/KOR with good sensitivity and specificity. CONCLUSION Opioid peptides and their receptors were upregulated in patients with prediabetes, depending on the significance of IR and the immune cytokines. The intercorrelation between the immune system, EOS, and insulin in prediabetes was confirmed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shatha Rouf Moustafa
- Clinical Analysis Department, College of Pharmacy, Hawler Medical University, Roya Towers C21, Erbil, Iraq.
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25
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Ebersole J, Rose G, Eid T, Behar K, Patrylo P. Altered hippocampal astroglial metabolism is associated with aging and preserved spatial learning and memory. Neurobiol Aging 2021; 102:188-199. [PMID: 33774381 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2021.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
An age-related decrease in hippocampal metabolism correlates with cognitive decline. Hippocampus-dependent learning and memory requires glutamatergic neurotransmission supported by glutamate-glutamine (GLU-GLN) cycling between neurons and astrocytes. We examined whether GLU-GLN cycling in hippocampal subregions (dentate gyrus and CA1) in Fischer 344 rats was altered with age and cognitive status. Hippocampal slices from young adult, aged cognitively-unimpaired (AU) and aged cognitively-impaired (AI) rats were incubated in artificial cerebrospinal fluid (aCSF) containing 1-13C-glucose to assess neural metabolism. Incorporation of 13C-glucose into glutamate and glutamine, measured by mass spectroscopy/liquid chromatography tandem mass spectroscopy, did not significantly differ between groups. However, when 13C-acetate, a preferential astrocytic metabolite, was used, a significant increase in 13C-labeled glutamate was observed in slices from AU rats. Taken together, the data suggest that resting state neural metabolism and GLU-GLN cycling may be preserved during aging when sufficient extracellular glucose is available, but that enhanced astroglial metabolism can occur under resting state conditions. This may be an aging-related compensatory change to maintain hippocampus-dependent cognitive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy Ebersole
- Department of Physiology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Carbondale, IL, USA
| | - Gregory Rose
- Department of Physiology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Carbondale, IL, USA; Department of Anatomy, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Carbondale, IL, USA; Center for Integrated Research in the Cognitive and Neural Sciences, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Carbondale, IL, USA
| | - Tore Eid
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Kevin Behar
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; MRRC Neurometabolism Research Laboratory, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Peter Patrylo
- Department of Physiology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Carbondale, IL, USA; Department of Anatomy, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Carbondale, IL, USA; Center for Integrated Research in the Cognitive and Neural Sciences, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Carbondale, IL, USA.
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26
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Bretland KA, Lin L, Bretland KM, Smith MA, Fleming SM, Dengler-Crish CM. Irisin treatment lowers levels of phosphorylated tau in the hippocampus of pre-symptomatic female but not male htau mice. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 2021; 47:967-978. [PMID: 33768561 PMCID: PMC9292848 DOI: 10.1111/nan.12711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Irisin is a hormone cleaved from fibronectin type-III domain-containing protein 5 in response to exercise and may be therapeutic in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Irisin is shown to repair damage caused by midlife cardiometabolic risk factors for AD (i.e., diabetes mellitus; hypertension), prevent neural amyloid beta aggregation and reduce neuroinflammation. However, there are no investigations of irisin's effect on AD-associated tauopathy in the brain. This study begins to address this gap in knowledge. METHODS Transgenic htau mice that selectively develop age-related tauopathy were treated with recombinant irisin (100 µg/kg weekly i.p.) beginning at a pre-symptomatic age (4 months) to determine if irisin could prevent emergence of early neuropathology. One month later, mice were sacrificed to collect brain tissue and serum. Protein levels of ptau (serine 202), inflammatory cytokine tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) and FNDC5 were quantified using capillary-based western blotting (Wes). RESULTS Our data show that irisin treatment significantly reduced ptau and TNFα in the hippocampus and serum of female htau mice compared to vehicle-treated controls. Irisin treatment did not alter ptau levels in male htau hippocampus and appeared to enhance both neural and systemic TNFα levels. CONCLUSIONS This study provides the first evidence that enhancing the endogenous hormone irisin may be therapeutic against emerging neuropathology in a tauopathy-selective AD model. This is important because there are currently no disease-modifying therapeutics available for AD, and few agents in development address the multiple disease targets irisin appears to-making irisin an intriguing therapeutic candidate for further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie A Bretland
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH, USA
| | - Li Lin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH, USA
| | - Kimberly M Bretland
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH, USA.,Kent State University, Kent, OH, USA
| | - Matthew A Smith
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH, USA.,Akron Children's Hospital, Rebecca D. Considine Research Institute, Akron, OH, USA
| | - Sheila M Fleming
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH, USA
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27
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The bile acid TUDCA and neurodegenerative disorders: An overview. Life Sci 2021; 272:119252. [PMID: 33636170 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Bear bile has been used in Traditional Chinese Medicine for thousands of years due to its therapeutic potential and clinical applications. The tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA), one of the acids found in bear bile, is a hydrophilic bile acid and naturally produced in the liver by conjugation of taurine to ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA). Several studies have shown that TUDCA has neuroprotective action in several models of neurodegenerative disorders (ND), including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and Huntington's disease, based on its potent ability to inhibit apoptosis, attenuate oxidative stress, and reduce endoplasmic reticulum stress in different experimental models of these illnesses. Our research extends the knowledge of the bile acid TUDCA actions in ND and the mechanisms and pathways involved in its cytoprotective effects on the brain, providing a novel perspective and opportunities for treatment of these diseases.
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Zangerolamo L, Vettorazzi JF, Solon C, Bronczek GA, Engel DF, Kurauti MA, Soares GM, Rodrigues KS, Velloso LA, Boschero AC, Carneiro EM, Barbosa HCL. The bile acid TUDCA improves glucose metabolism in streptozotocin-induced Alzheimer's disease mice model. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2021; 521:111116. [PMID: 33321116 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2020.111116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder and the major cause of dementia. According to predictions of the World Health Organization, more than 150 million people worldwide will suffer from dementia by 2050. An increasing number of studies have associated AD with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), since most of the features found in T2DM are also observed in AD, such as insulin resistance and glucose intolerance. In this sense, some bile acids have emerged as new therapeutic targets to treat AD and metabolic disorders. The taurine conjugated bile acid, tauroursodeoxycholic (TUDCA), reduces amyloid oligomer accumulation and improves cognition in APP/PS1 mice model of AD, and also improves glucose-insulin homeostasis in obese and type 2 diabetic mice. Herein, we investigated the effect of TUDCA upon glucose metabolism in streptozotocin-induced AD mice model (Stz). The Stz mice that received 300 mg/kg TUDCA during 10 days (Stz + TUDCA), showed improvement in glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity, reduced fasted and fed glycemia, increased islet mass and β-cell area, as well as increased glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, compared with Stz mice that received only PBS. Stz + TUDCA mice also displayed lower neuroinflammation, reduced protein content of amyloid oligomer in the hippocampus, improved memory test and increased protein content of insulin receptor β-subunit in the hippocampus. In conclusion, TUDCA treatment enhanced glucose homeostasis in the streptozotocin-induced Alzheimer's disease mice model, pointing this bile acid as a good strategy to counteract glucose homeostasis disturbance in AD pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Zangerolamo
- Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, Department of Structural and Functional Biology, University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Carina Solon
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gabriela A Bronczek
- Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, Department of Structural and Functional Biology, University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Daiane F Engel
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mirian A Kurauti
- Department of Physiological Sciences, State University of Maringa, UEM, Maringa, Parana, Brazil
| | - Gabriela M Soares
- Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, Department of Structural and Functional Biology, University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Karina S Rodrigues
- Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, Department of Structural and Functional Biology, University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Licio A Velloso
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Antonio C Boschero
- Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, Department of Structural and Functional Biology, University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Everardo M Carneiro
- Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, Department of Structural and Functional Biology, University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Helena C L Barbosa
- Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, Department of Structural and Functional Biology, University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
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Guo Y, Wang Q, Chen S, Xu C. Functions of amyloid precursor protein in metabolic diseases. Metabolism 2021; 115:154454. [PMID: 33248065 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2020.154454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Amyloid precursor protein (APP) is a transmembrane precursor protein that is widely expressed in the central nervous system and peripheral tissues in the liver and pancreas, adipose tissue, and myotubes. APP can be cleaved by proteases in two different ways to produce a variety of short peptides, each with different physiological properties and functions. APP peptides generated by non-amyloidogenic processing can positively influence metabolism, while the peptides produced by amyloidogenic processing have the opposite effects. Here, we summarize the regulatory effects of APP and its cleavage peptides on metabolism in the central nervous system and peripheral tissues. In addition, abnormal expression and function of APP and APP-derived peptides are associated with metabolic diseases, such as type 2 diabetes, obesity, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and cardiovascular disease, and cancers. Pharmacological intervention of APP function or reduction of the production of peptides derived from amyloidogenic processing may be effective strategies for the prevention and treatment of Alzheimer's disease, and they may also provide new guidance for the treatment of metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjun Guo
- Department of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Qinqiu Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Shenghui Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Chengfu Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China.
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Mifflin MA, Winslow W, Surendra L, Tallino S, Vural A, Velazquez R. Sex differences in the IntelliCage and the Morris water maze in the APP/PS1 mouse model of amyloidosis. Neurobiol Aging 2021; 101:130-140. [PMID: 33610962 PMCID: PMC8122060 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2021.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Transgenic rodent models were created to decipher pathogenic mechanisms associated with Alzheimer’s disease (AD), and behavioral apparatuses such as the Morris water maze (MWM) are used to assess cognition in mice. The IntelliCage was designed to circumvent issues of traditional behavioral tests, such as frequent human handling. The motivation to complete IntelliCage tasks is water consumption, which is less stressful than escaping from a pool in the MWM. Here, we examined behavioral performances of mice in the IntelliCage and MWM tasks. Twelve-month-old male and female APP/PS1 and non-transgenic mice first underwent 42 days of IntelliCage testing to assess prefrontal cortical and hippocampal function followed by MWM testing for six days. We found that females performed better in the IntelliCage while males performed superiorly in the MWM. Mechanistically, female APP/PS1 mice had a higher Amyloid-β plaque load throughout the brain, which is inconsistent with their performance in the IntelliCage. Collectively, these results inform scientists about the sex-based differences when testing animals in different behavioral paradigms that tap similar cognitive functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc A Mifflin
- Arizona State University-Banner Neurodegenerative Disease Research Center at the Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Wendy Winslow
- Arizona State University-Banner Neurodegenerative Disease Research Center at the Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Likith Surendra
- Arizona State University-Banner Neurodegenerative Disease Research Center at the Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Savannah Tallino
- Arizona State University-Banner Neurodegenerative Disease Research Center at the Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Austin Vural
- Arizona State University-Banner Neurodegenerative Disease Research Center at the Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Ramon Velazquez
- Arizona State University-Banner Neurodegenerative Disease Research Center at the Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA; School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA.
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Liu N, Zeng L, Zhang YM, Pan W, Lai H. Astaxanthin alleviates pathological brain aging through the upregulation of hippocampal synaptic proteins. Neural Regen Res 2021; 16:1062-1067. [PMID: 33269751 PMCID: PMC8224122 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.300460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is currently considered to be the main cause of brain aging. Astaxanthin can improve oxidative stress under multiple pathological conditions. It is therefore hypothesized that astaxanthin might have therapeutic effects on brain aging. To validate this hypothesis and investigate the underlying mechanisms, a mouse model of brain aging was established by injecting amyloid beta (Aβ)25–35 (5 μM, 3 μL/injection, six injections given every other day) into the right lateral ventricle. After 3 days of Aβ25–35 injections, the mouse models were intragastrically administered astaxanthin (0.1 mL/d, 10 mg/kg) for 30 successive days. Astaxanthin greatly reduced the latency to find the platform in the Morris water maze, increased the number of crossings of the target platform, and increased the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor, synaptophysin, sirtuin 1, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator 1α. Intraperitoneal injection of the sirtuin 1 inhibitor nicotinamide (500 μM/d) for 7 successive days after astaxanthin intervention inhibited these phenomena. These findings suggest that astaxanthin can regulate the expression of synaptic proteins in mouse hippocampus through the sirtuin 1/peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator 1α signaling pathway, which leads to improvements in the learning, cognitive, and memory abilities of mice. The study was approved by the Animal Ethics Committee, China Medical University, China (approval No. CMU2019294) on January 15, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Liu
- 1Department of Human Anatomy, College of Basic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang; Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Liang Zeng
- Department of Human Anatomy, College of Basic Medicine, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Yi-Ming Zhang
- Department of Human Anatomy, College of Basic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Wang Pan
- Department of Neurobiology of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Hong Lai
- Department of Human Anatomy, College of Basic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
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Toljan K, Homolak J. Circadian changes in Alzheimer's disease: Neurobiology, clinical problems, and therapeutic opportunities. HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2021; 179:285-300. [PMID: 34225969 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-819975-6.00018-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The understanding of Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathophysiology is an active area of research, and the traditional focus on hippocampus, amyloid and tau protein, and memory impairment has been expanded with components like neuroinflammation, insulin resistance, and circadian rhythm alterations. The bidirectional vicious cycle of neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration on a molecular level may cause functional deficits already long before the appearance of overt clinical symptoms. Located at the crossroads of metabolic, circadian, and hormonal signaling, the hypothalamus has been identified as another brain region affected by AD pathophysiology. Current findings on hypothalamic dysfunction open a broader horizon for studying AD pathogenesis and offer new opportunities for diagnosis and therapy. While treatments with cholinomimetics and memantine form a first line of pharmacological treatment, additional innovative research is pursued toward the development of antiinflammatory, growth factor, or antidiabetic types of medication. Following recent epidemiological data showing associations of AD incidence with modern societal and "life-style"-related risk factors, also nonpharmacological interventions, including sleep optimization, are being developed and some have been shown to be beneficial. Circadian aspects in AD are relevant from a pathophysiological standpoint, but they can also have an important role in pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic interventions, and appropriate timing of sleep, meals, and medication may boost therapeutic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karlo Toljan
- Department of Neurology, Neurological Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States.
| | - Jan Homolak
- Department of Pharmacology, and Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
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33
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From Obesity to Hippocampal Neurodegeneration: Pathogenesis and Non-Pharmacological Interventions. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 22:ijms22010201. [PMID: 33379163 PMCID: PMC7796248 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22010201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
High-caloric diet and physical inactivity predispose individuals to obesity and diabetes, which are risk factors of hippocampal neurodegeneration and cognitive deficits. Along with the adipose-hippocampus crosstalk, chronically inflamed adipose tissue secretes inflammatory cytokine could trigger neuroinflammatory responses in the hippocampus, and in turn, impairs hippocampal neuroplasticity under obese and diabetic conditions. Hence, caloric restriction and physical exercise are critical non-pharmacological interventions to halt the pathogenesis from obesity to hippocampal neurodegeneration. In response to physical exercise, peripheral organs, including the adipose tissue, skeletal muscles, and liver, can secret numerous exerkines, which bring beneficial effects to metabolic and brain health. In this review, we summarized how chronic inflammation in adipose tissue could trigger neuroinflammation and hippocampal impairment, which potentially contribute to cognitive deficits in obese and diabetic conditions. We also discussed the potential mechanisms underlying the neurotrophic and neuroprotective effects of caloric restriction and physical exercise by counteracting neuroinflammation, plasticity deficits, and cognitive impairments. This review provides timely insights into how chronic metabolic disorders, like obesity, could impair brain health and cognitive functions in later life.
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Schreyer S, Klein C, Pfeffer A, Rasińska J, Stahn L, Knuth K, Abuelnor B, Panzel AEC, Rex A, Koch S, Hemmati-Sadeghi S, Steiner B. Chia seeds as a potential cognitive booster in the APP23 Alzheimer's disease model. Sci Rep 2020; 10:18215. [PMID: 33106576 PMCID: PMC7589531 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-75209-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Glucose hypometabolism potentially contributes to Alzheimer's disease (AD) and might even represent an underlying mechanism. Here, we investigate the relationship of diet-induced metabolic stress and AD as well as the therapeutic potential of chia seeds as a modulator of glucose metabolism in the APP23 mouse model. 4-6 (pre-plaque stage, PRE) and 28-32 (advanced-plaque stage, ADV) weeks old APP23 and wild type mice received pretreatment for 12 weeks with either sucrose-rich (SRD) or control diet, followed by 8 weeks of chia seed supplementation. Although ADV APP23 mice generally showed functioning glucose homeostasis, they were more prone to SRD-induced glucose intolerance. This was accompanied by elevated corticosterone levels and mild insulin insensitivity. Chia seeds improved spatial learning deficits but not impaired cognitive flexibility, potentially mediated by amelioration of glucose tolerance, attenuation of corticosterone levels and reversal of SRD-induced elevation of pro-inflammatory cytokine levels. Since cognitive symptoms and plaque load were not aggravated by SRD-induced metabolic stress, despite enhanced neuroinflammation in the PRE group, we conclude that impairments of glucose metabolism do not represent an underlying mechanism of AD in this mouse model. Nevertheless, chia seeds might provide therapeutic potential in AD as shown by the amelioration of cognitive symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Schreyer
- Department of Neurology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Charlotte Klein
- Department of Neurology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anna Pfeffer
- Department of Neurology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Justyna Rasińska
- Department of Neurology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Laura Stahn
- Department of Neurology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Karlotta Knuth
- Department of Neurology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Basim Abuelnor
- Department of Neurology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Alina Elisabeth Catharina Panzel
- Department of Neurology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - André Rex
- Department of Experimental Neurology and Center for Stroke Research Berlin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefan Koch
- Department of Experimental Neurology and Center for Stroke Research Berlin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
- NeuroCure Cluster of Excellence and Charité Core Facility 7T Experimental MRIs, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Shabnam Hemmati-Sadeghi
- Department of Neurology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Barbara Steiner
- Department of Neurology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
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Bukke VN, Villani R, Archana M, Wawrzyniak A, Balawender K, Orkisz S, Ferraro L, Serviddio G, Cassano T. The Glucose Metabolic Pathway as A Potential Target for Therapeutics: Crucial Role of Glycosylation in Alzheimer's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21207739. [PMID: 33086751 PMCID: PMC7589651 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21207739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Glucose uptake in the brain decreases because of normal aging but this decline is accelerated in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) patients. In fact, positron emission tomography (PET) studies have shown that metabolic reductions in AD patients occur decades before the onset of symptoms, suggesting that metabolic deficits may be an upstream event in at least some late-onset cases. A decrease in availability of glucose content induces a considerable impairment/downregulation of glycosylation, which is an important post-translational modification. Glycosylation is an important and highly regulated mechanism of secondary protein processing within cells and it plays a crucial role in modulating stability of proteins, as carbohydrates are important in achieving the proper three-dimensional conformation of glycoproteins. Moreover, glycosylation acts as a metabolic sensor that links glucose metabolism to normal neuronal functioning. All the proteins involved in β-amyloid (Aβ) precursor protein metabolism have been identified as candidates of glycosylation highlighting the possibility that Aβ metabolism could be regulated by their glycosylation. Within this framework, the present review aims to summarize the current understanding on the role of glycosylation in the etiopathology of AD, emphasizing the idea that glucose metabolic pathway may represent an alternative therapeutic option for targeting AD. From this perspective, the pharmacological modulation of glycosylation levels may represent a ‘sweet approach’ to treat AD targeting new mechanisms independent of the amyloid cascade and with comparable impacts in familial and sporadic AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vidyasagar Naik Bukke
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy;
| | - Rosanna Villani
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (R.V.); (M.A.); (G.S.)
| | - Moola Archana
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (R.V.); (M.A.); (G.S.)
| | - Agata Wawrzyniak
- Morphological Science Department of Human Anatomy, Medical Faculty University of Rzeszów, 35-036 Rzeszów, Poland; (A.W.); (K.B.); (S.O.)
| | - Krzysztof Balawender
- Morphological Science Department of Human Anatomy, Medical Faculty University of Rzeszów, 35-036 Rzeszów, Poland; (A.W.); (K.B.); (S.O.)
| | - Stanislaw Orkisz
- Morphological Science Department of Human Anatomy, Medical Faculty University of Rzeszów, 35-036 Rzeszów, Poland; (A.W.); (K.B.); (S.O.)
| | - Luca Ferraro
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, 44100 Ferrara, Italy;
| | - Gaetano Serviddio
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (R.V.); (M.A.); (G.S.)
| | - Tommaso Cassano
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy;
- Correspondence:
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Hascup KN, Britz J, Findley CA, Tischkau S, Hascup ER. LY379268 Does Not Have Long-Term Procognitive Effects nor Attenuate Glutamatergic Signaling in AβPP/PS1 Mice. J Alzheimers Dis 2020; 68:1193-1209. [PMID: 30909243 DOI: 10.3233/jad-181231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Chronically elevated basal glutamate levels are hypothesized to attenuate detection of physiological signals thereby inhibiting memory formation and retrieval, while inducing excitotoxicity-mediated neurodegeneration observed in Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, current medication targeting the glutamatergic system, such as memantine, shows limited efficacy and is unable to decelerate disease progression, possibly because it modulates postsynaptic N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors rather than glutamate release or clearance. To determine if decreasing presynaptic glutamate release leads to long-term procognitive effects, we treated AβPP/PS1 mice with LY379268 (3.0 mg/kg; i.p.), a metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGluR)2/3 agonist from 2-6 months of age when elevated glutamate levels are first observed but cognition is unaffected. C57BL/6J genetic background control mice and another cohort of AβPP/PS1 mice received normal saline (i.p.) as vehicle controls. After 6 months off treatment, mice receiving LY379268 did not show long-term improvement as assessed by the Morris water maze (MWM) spatial learning and memory paradigm. Following MWM, mice were isoflurane anesthetized and a glutamate selective microelectrode was used to measure in vivo basal and stimulus-evoked glutamate release and clearance independently from the dentate, CA3, and CA1 hippocampal subregions. Immunohistochemistry was used to measure hippocampal astrogliosis and plaque pathology. Similar to previous studies, we observed elevated basal glutamate, stimulus evoked glutamate release, and astrogliosis in AβPP/PS1 vehicle mice versus C57BL/6J mice. Treatment with LY379268 did not attenuate these responses nor diminish plaque pathology. The current study builds upon previous research demonstrating hyperglutamatergic hippocampal signaling in AβPP/PS1 mice; however, long-term therapeutic efficacy of LY379268 in AβPP/PS1 was not observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin N Hascup
- Department of Neurology, Center for Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders, Neurosciences Institute, Springfield, IL, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, USA
| | - Jesse Britz
- Department of Pharmacology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, USA
| | - Caleigh A Findley
- Department of Neurology, Center for Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders, Neurosciences Institute, Springfield, IL, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, USA
| | - Shelley Tischkau
- Department of Pharmacology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, USA
| | - Erin R Hascup
- Department of Neurology, Center for Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders, Neurosciences Institute, Springfield, IL, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, USA
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Khandelwal M, Manglani K, Gupta S, Tiku AB. Gamma radiation improves AD pathogenesis in APP/PS1 mouse model by potentiating insulin sensitivity. Heliyon 2020; 6:e04499. [PMID: 32775714 PMCID: PMC7399127 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the largest unmet medical complication. The devastation caused by the disease can be assumed from the disease symptoms like speech impairment, loss of self-awareness, acute memory loss etc. The individuals suffering from AD completely depend on caregivers and have to bear the high cost of treatment which increases the socio-economic burden on the society. Recent studies have shown that radiation exposure can have therapeutic effects when given in suitable amount for a specific time period. Therefore, we investigated the role of gamma irradiation in AD pathogenesis. The effect of radiation on amelioration of disease progression was studied in AD transgenic mice model (APP/PS1). Our in-vivo studies using APP/PS1 mice demonstrated that a single dose of 4.0 Gy gamma irradiation improves AD associated behavioral impairment. Radiation exposure also increased the level of anti-oxidant enzymes and reduced the astrocyte activation in the brain of APP/PS1 mice. A significant reduction was observed in AD associated proteins (APP, pTau, BACE) and neurofibrillary tangle formations (NFTs). Exposure to a single dose of 4 Gy gamma radiation also increased glucose metabolic functionality in AD transgenic mouse model. The kinases involved in insulin signaling such as GSK, ERK and JNK were also found to be modulated. However, an increased level of GSK3β (ser 9) was observed, which could be responsible for downregulating ERK and JNK phosphorylation. This resulted in a decrease in neurofibrillary tangle formations and amyloid deposition. The reduced hyperphosphorylation of Tau can be attributed to the increased level of GSK3β (ser 9) downregulating ERK and JNK phosphorylation. Thus, a single dose of 4 Gy gamma irradiation was found to have therapeutic benefits in treating AD via potentiating insulin signaling in APP/PS1 transgenic mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayuri Khandelwal
- Molecular Science Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, 110067, India.,Radiation and Cancer Therapeutics Lab, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Kapil Manglani
- Molecular Science Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Sarika Gupta
- Molecular Science Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Ashu Bhan Tiku
- Radiation and Cancer Therapeutics Lab, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India
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Griffith CM, Macklin LN, Cai Y, Sharp AA, Yan XX, Reagan LP, Strader AD, Rose GM, Patrylo PR. Impaired Glucose Tolerance and Reduced Plasma Insulin Precede Decreased AKT Phosphorylation and GLUT3 Translocation in the Hippocampus of Old 3xTg-AD Mice. J Alzheimers Dis 2020; 68:809-837. [PMID: 30775979 DOI: 10.3233/jad-180707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Several studies have demonstrated that mouse models of Alzheimer's disease (AD) can exhibit impaired peripheral glucose tolerance. Further, in the APP/PS1 mouse model, this is observed prior to the appearance of AD-related neuropathology (e.g., amyloid-β plaques; Aβ) or cognitive impairment. In the current study, we examined whether impaired glucose tolerance also preceded AD-like changes in the triple transgenic model of AD (3xTg-AD). Glucose tolerance testing (GTT), insulin ELISAs, and insulin tolerance testing (ITT) were performed at ages prior to (1-3 months and 6-8 months old) and post-pathology (16-18 months old). Additionally, we examined for altered insulin signaling in the hippocampus. Western blots were used to evaluate the two-primary insulin signaling pathways: PI3K/AKT and MAPK/ERK. Since the PI3K/AKT pathway affects several downstream targets associated with metabolism (e.g., GSK3, glucose transporters), western blots were used to examine possible alterations in the expression, translocation, or activation of these targets. We found that 3xTg-AD mice display impaired glucose tolerance as early as 1 month of age, concomitant with a decrease in plasma insulin levels well prior to the detection of plaques (∼14 months old), aggregates of hyperphosphorylated tau (∼18 months old), and cognitive decline (≥18 months old). These alterations in peripheral metabolism were seen at all time points examined. In comparison, PI3K/AKT, but not MAPK/ERK, signaling was altered in the hippocampus only in 18-20-month-old 3xTg-AD mice, a time point at which there was a reduction in GLUT3 translocation to the plasma membrane. Taken together, our results provide further evidence that disruptions in energy metabolism may represent a foundational step in the development of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chelsea M Griffith
- Department of Physiology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Carbondale, IL, USA.,Center for Integrated Research in Cognitive and Neural Sciences, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL, USA
| | - Lauren N Macklin
- Department of Physiology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Carbondale, IL, USA.,Center for Integrated Research in Cognitive and Neural Sciences, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL, USA
| | - Yan Cai
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Central South University Xiangya School of Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Key Laboratory of Hunan Province in Neurodegenerative Disorders, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Andrew A Sharp
- Department of Physiology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Carbondale, IL, USA.,Department of Anatomy, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Carbondale, IL, USA.,Center for Integrated Research in Cognitive and Neural Sciences, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL, USA
| | - Xiao-Xin Yan
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Central South University Xiangya School of Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Key Laboratory of Hunan Province in Neurodegenerative Disorders, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Lawrence P Reagan
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology & Neuroscience, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA.,WJB Dorn Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - April D Strader
- Department of Physiology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Carbondale, IL, USA.,Center for Integrated Research in Cognitive and Neural Sciences, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL, USA
| | - Gregory M Rose
- Department of Physiology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Carbondale, IL, USA.,Department of Anatomy, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Carbondale, IL, USA.,Center for Integrated Research in Cognitive and Neural Sciences, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL, USA
| | - Peter R Patrylo
- Department of Physiology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Carbondale, IL, USA.,Department of Anatomy, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Carbondale, IL, USA.,Center for Integrated Research in Cognitive and Neural Sciences, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL, USA
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Association between diabetes and cognitive function at baseline in the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA- Brasil). Sci Rep 2020; 10:1596. [PMID: 32005901 PMCID: PMC6994611 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-58332-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes has been associated with cognitive changes and an increased risk of vascular dementia and Alzheimer’s disease, but it is unclear whether there are associations between diabetes and early alterations in cognitive performance. The present study consisted of a cross-section analysis of 14,444 participants aged 35–74 years and from a developing country at baseline in the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA–Brasil); these participants were recruited between 2008 and 2010. We investigated whether there was an association between diabetes and early changes in the cognitive performance of this Brazilian population. To assess cognitive domains, we used the word-list learning, word-list delayed recall and word recognition tests along. Phonemic verbal fluency tests included semantic phonemic test (animals) and a phonemic test (words beginning with the letter F). Executive functions associated with attention, concentration and psychomotor speed were evaluated using the Trail Making Test B. The exposure variable in the study was defined as diabetes. Multiple linear regression was used to estimate the association between diabetes and cognitive performance. The results were adjusted for age, sex, education, hypertension, coronary disease, depression, physical activity, smoking, alcohol consumption, and the cholesterol/HDL-C ratio. We found a significant association between diabetes and decreased memory, language and executive function (attention, concentration and psychomotor speed) performance in this population from a country with a distinct epidemiological profile, even after adjusting for the main intervening variables.
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40
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He Z, Han S, Wu C, Liu L, Zhu H, Liu A, Lu Q, Huang J, Du X, Li N, Xie Q, Wan L, Ni J, Chen L, Yang X, Liu Q. Bis(ethylmaltolato)oxidovanadium(iv) inhibited the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease in triple transgenic model mice. Metallomics 2020; 12:474-490. [PMID: 31970356 DOI: 10.1039/c9mt00271e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Vanadium compounds have been reported to mimic the anti-diabetes effects of insulin on rodent models, but their effects on Alzheimer's disease (AD) have rarely been explored. In this paper, 9-month-old triple transgenic AD model mice (3×Tg-AD) received bis(ethylmaltolato)oxidovanadium(iv) (BEOV) at doses of 0.2 mmol L-1 (68.4 μg mL-1) and 1.0 mmol L-1 (342 μg mL-1) for 3 months. BEOV at both doses was found to improve contextual memory and spatial learning in AD mice. It also improved glucose metabolism and protected neuronal synapses in the AD brain, as evidenced respectively by 18F-labeled fluoro-deoxyglucose positron emission tomography (18F-FDG-PET) scanning and by transmission electron microscopy. Inhibitory effects of BEOV on β-amyloid (Aβ) plaques and neuronal impairment in the cortex and hippocampus of fluorescent AD mice were visualized three-dimensionally by applying optical clearing technology to brain slices before confocal laser scanning microscopy. Western blot analysis semi-quantitatively revealed the altered levels of Aβ42 in the brains of wildtype, AD, and AD treated with 0.2 and 1.0 mmol L-1 BEOV mice (70.3%, 100%, 83.2% and 56.8% in the hippocampus; 82.4%, 100%, 66.9% and 42% in the cortex, respectively). The mechanism study showed that BEOV increased the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) (140%, 100%, 142% and 160% in the hippocampus; 167%, 100%, 124% and 133% in the cortex) to inactivate the JAK2/STAT3/SOCS-1 pathway and to block the amyloidogenesis cascade, thus attenuating Aβ-induced insulin resistance in AD models. BEOV also reduced protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) expression (74.8%, 100%, 76.5% and 53.8% in the hippocampus; 71.8%, 100%, 94.2% and 81.8% in cortex) to promote insulin sensitivity and to stimulate the PI3K/Akt/GSK3β pathway, subsequently reducing tau hyperphosphorylation (phosphorylated tau396 levels were 51.1%, 100%, 56.1% and 50.2% in the hippocampus; 22.2%, 100%, 36.1%, and 24% in the cortex). Our results suggested that BEOV reduced the pathological hallmarks of AD by targeting the pathways of PPARγ and PTP1B in 3×Tg AD mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijun He
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology and Ecology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, 518060 Shenzhen, China.
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41
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Alzheimer's Disease and Diabetes: Insulin Signaling as the Bridge Linking Two Pathologies. Mol Neurobiol 2020; 57:1966-1977. [PMID: 31900863 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-019-01858-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's (or Alzheimer) disease (AD) is the most prevalent subset of dementia, affecting elderly populations worldwide. The cumulative costs of the AD care are rapidly accelerating as the average lifespan increases. Onset and risk factors for AD and AD-like dementias have been largely unknown until recently. Studies show that chronic type II diabetes mellitus (DM) is closely associated with neurodegeneration, especially AD. Type II DM is characterized by the cells' inability to take up insulin, as well as chronic hyperglycemia. In the central nervous system, insulin has crucial regulatory roles, while chronic hyperglycemia leads to formation and accumulation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs). AGEs are the major contributor to insulin resistance in diabetic cells, due to their regulatory role on sirtuin expression. Insulin activity in the central nervous system is known to interact with key proteins affected in neurodegenerative conditions, such as amyloid-β precursor protein (AβPP or APP), huntingtin-associated protein-1 (HAP1), Abelson helper integration site-1 (AHI1 or Jouberin), kinesin, and tau. Sirtuins have been theorized to be the mechanism for insulin resistance, and have been found to be affected in neurodegenerative conditions as well. There are hints that all these neuronal proteins may be closely related, although the mechanisms remain unclear. This review will gather existing research on these proteins and highlight the link between neurodegenerative conditions and diabetes mellitus.
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Ciudin A, Ortiz-Zuñiga AM, Fidilio E, Romero D, Sánchez M, Comas M, Gonzalez O, Vilallonga R, Simó-Servat O, Hernández C, Simó R. Retinal Microperimetry: A Useful Tool for Detecting Insulin Resistance-Related Cognitive Impairment in Morbid Obesity. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8122181. [PMID: 31835729 PMCID: PMC6947364 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8122181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: There is clear association between type 2 diabetes (T2D) and cognitive decline. Retinal microperimetry is a useful tool for detecting cognitive impairment in T2D. Morbid obesity (MO) has been associated with cognitive impairment. Insulin resistance (IR) seems a major determinant, but the data are unclear. The aim of this study was to evaluate the cognitive impairment in MO as well as the utility of retinal microperimetry in identifying these alterations. Methods: In total, 50 consecutive patients with MO were matched by age and gender with 30 healthy controls. All patients underwent cognitive evaluation (Montreal Cognitive Assessment Test-MoCA) and retinal microperimetry, using MAIA microperimeter 3rd generation. Retinal sensitivity and gaze fixation parameters were used for the evaluation of the analysis. Results: MO patients showed a significantly lower neurocognitive performance than the controls: MoCA score 24.94 ± 2.74 vs. 28.95 ± 1.05, p < 0.001. Cognitive function inversely correlated with the HOMA-IR (r = −0.402, p = 0.007). The AUROC for cognitive impairment using microperimetry was 0.807, CI 95% (0.592–0.947), p = 0.017. Conclusions: (1) Systemic insulin resistance is a major underlying mechanism accounting for the higher prevalence of cognitive impairment detected in young MO subjects. (2) Retinal microperimetry is a useful tool for identifying MO patients with cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreea Ciudin
- Institut de Recerca Vall d’Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (VHIR-UAB), Plaça Cívica, Barcelona 08193, Spain; (A.M.O.-Z.); (E.F.); (D.R.); (O.S.-S.); (C.H.)
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid 28020, Spain
- Department of Endocrinology, Vall d’Hebron University Hospital. Passeig Vall d’Hebron 119-139, Barcelona 08035, Spain; (M.S.); (M.C.)
- Correspondence: (A.C.); (R.S.); Tel.: +34-934-894-172 (A.C.); +34-934-894-172 (R.S.)
| | - Angel Michael Ortiz-Zuñiga
- Institut de Recerca Vall d’Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (VHIR-UAB), Plaça Cívica, Barcelona 08193, Spain; (A.M.O.-Z.); (E.F.); (D.R.); (O.S.-S.); (C.H.)
- Department of Endocrinology, Vall d’Hebron University Hospital. Passeig Vall d’Hebron 119-139, Barcelona 08035, Spain; (M.S.); (M.C.)
| | - Enzamaria Fidilio
- Institut de Recerca Vall d’Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (VHIR-UAB), Plaça Cívica, Barcelona 08193, Spain; (A.M.O.-Z.); (E.F.); (D.R.); (O.S.-S.); (C.H.)
- Department of Endocrinology, Vall d’Hebron University Hospital. Passeig Vall d’Hebron 119-139, Barcelona 08035, Spain; (M.S.); (M.C.)
| | - Diana Romero
- Institut de Recerca Vall d’Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (VHIR-UAB), Plaça Cívica, Barcelona 08193, Spain; (A.M.O.-Z.); (E.F.); (D.R.); (O.S.-S.); (C.H.)
| | - Marta Sánchez
- Department of Endocrinology, Vall d’Hebron University Hospital. Passeig Vall d’Hebron 119-139, Barcelona 08035, Spain; (M.S.); (M.C.)
| | - Marta Comas
- Department of Endocrinology, Vall d’Hebron University Hospital. Passeig Vall d’Hebron 119-139, Barcelona 08035, Spain; (M.S.); (M.C.)
| | - Oscar Gonzalez
- Department of Surgery. Vall d’Hebron University Hospital. Passeig Vall d’Hebron 119-139, Barcelona 08035, Spain; (O.G.); (R.V.)
| | - Ramon Vilallonga
- Department of Surgery. Vall d’Hebron University Hospital. Passeig Vall d’Hebron 119-139, Barcelona 08035, Spain; (O.G.); (R.V.)
| | - Olga Simó-Servat
- Institut de Recerca Vall d’Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (VHIR-UAB), Plaça Cívica, Barcelona 08193, Spain; (A.M.O.-Z.); (E.F.); (D.R.); (O.S.-S.); (C.H.)
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid 28020, Spain
- Department of Endocrinology, Vall d’Hebron University Hospital. Passeig Vall d’Hebron 119-139, Barcelona 08035, Spain; (M.S.); (M.C.)
| | - Cristina Hernández
- Institut de Recerca Vall d’Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (VHIR-UAB), Plaça Cívica, Barcelona 08193, Spain; (A.M.O.-Z.); (E.F.); (D.R.); (O.S.-S.); (C.H.)
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid 28020, Spain
- Department of Endocrinology, Vall d’Hebron University Hospital. Passeig Vall d’Hebron 119-139, Barcelona 08035, Spain; (M.S.); (M.C.)
| | - Rafael Simó
- Institut de Recerca Vall d’Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (VHIR-UAB), Plaça Cívica, Barcelona 08193, Spain; (A.M.O.-Z.); (E.F.); (D.R.); (O.S.-S.); (C.H.)
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid 28020, Spain
- Department of Endocrinology, Vall d’Hebron University Hospital. Passeig Vall d’Hebron 119-139, Barcelona 08035, Spain; (M.S.); (M.C.)
- Correspondence: (A.C.); (R.S.); Tel.: +34-934-894-172 (A.C.); +34-934-894-172 (R.S.)
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Hegde V, Vijayan M, Kumar S, Akheruzzaman M, Sawant N, Dhurandhar NV, Reddy PH. Adenovirus 36 improves glycemic control and markers of Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2019; 1865:165531. [PMID: 31398466 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2019.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2019] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most prevalent neurodegenerative disorder worldwide. While the causes of AD are unclear, several risk factors have been identified, including impaired glycemic control, which significantly increases the risk of cognitive decline and AD. In vitro and in vivo studies show that human adenovirus 36 (Ad36) improves glycemic control by increasing cellular glucose uptake in cells, experimental animal models and in humans who are naturally exposed to the virus. This study, tested improvement in glycemic control by Ad36 and delay in onset of cognitive decline in APPswe transgenic mice (Tg2576 line), a model of genetic predisposition to impaired glycemic control and AD. Three-month old APPswe mice were divided into Ad36 infected (Ad36) or mock infected (control) groups and baseline glycemic control measured by glucose tolerance test (GTT) prior to infection. Changes in glycemic control were determined 10- and 24-week post infection. Serum insulin was also measured during GTT. Cognition was determined by Y-maze test, while motor coordination and skill acquisition by rotarod test. Glycemic control as determined by GTT showed less deterioration in Ad36 infected mice over time, accompanied by a significant attenuation of cognitive decline. Analysis of brain tissue lysate showed significantly reduced levels of amyloid beta 42 in Ad36 mice relative to control mice. Golgi-Cox staining analysis also revealed reduced dendritic spines and synaptic gene expression in control mice compared to Ad36 infected mice. This proof of concept study shows that in a mouse model of AD, Ad36 improves glycemic control and ameliorates cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Hegde
- Obesity and Metabolic Health Laboratory, Department of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA.
| | - M Vijayan
- Internal Medicine, Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Neuroscience/Pharmacology and Neurology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
| | - S Kumar
- Internal Medicine, Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Neuroscience/Pharmacology and Neurology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
| | - Md Akheruzzaman
- Obesity and Metabolic Health Laboratory, Department of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
| | - N Sawant
- Internal Medicine, Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Neuroscience/Pharmacology and Neurology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
| | - N V Dhurandhar
- Obesity and Metabolic Health Laboratory, Department of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
| | - P H Reddy
- Internal Medicine, Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Neuroscience/Pharmacology and Neurology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
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44
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Chatterjee S, Ambegaokar SS, Jackson GR, Mudher A. Insulin-Mediated Changes in Tau Hyperphosphorylation and Autophagy in a Drosophila Model of Tauopathy and Neuroblastoma Cells. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:801. [PMID: 31427921 PMCID: PMC6688711 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Almost 50 million people in the world are affected by dementia; the most prevalent form of which is Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Although aging is considered to be the main risk factor for AD, growing evidence from epidemiological studies suggests that type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) increases the risk of dementia including AD. Defective brain insulin signaling has been suggested as an early event in AD and other tauopathies but the mechanisms that link these diseases are largely unknown. Tau hyperphosphorylation is a hallmark of neurofibrillary pathology and insulin resistance increases the number of neuritic plaques particularly in AD. Utilizing a combination of our Drosophila models of tauopathy (expressing the 2N4R-Tau) and neuroblastoma cells, we have attempted to decipher the pathways downstream of the insulin signaling cascade that lead to tau hyperphosphorylation, aggregation and autophagic defects. Using cell-based, genetic, and biochemical approaches we have demonstrated that tau phosphorylation at AT8 and PHF1 residues is enhanced in an insulin-resistant environment. We also show that insulin-induced changes in total and phospho-tau are mediated by the crosstalk of AKT, glycogen synthase kinase-3β, and extracellular regulating kinase located downstream of the insulin receptor pathway. Finally, we demonstrate a significant change in the levels of the key proteins in the mammalian target of rapamycin/autophagy pathway, implying an increased impairment of aggregated protein clearance in our transgenic Drosophila models and cultured neuroblastoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shreyasi Chatterjee
- Department of Neurology, Mitchell Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX, United States.,Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Suren S Ambegaokar
- Department of Neurology, Mitchell Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX, United States.,Department of Botany and Microbiology, Ohio Wesleyan University, Delaware, OH, United States
| | - George R Jackson
- Department of Neurology, Mitchell Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX, United States.,Department of Neurology, Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center, Parkinson's Disease Research Education and Clinical Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Amritpal Mudher
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
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Day SM, Yang W, Wang X, Stern JE, Zhou X, Macauley SL, Ma T. Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Cleavage Product Improves Cognitive Function in a Mouse Model of Down Syndrome. eNeuro 2019; 6:ENEURO.0031-19.2019. [PMID: 31040160 PMCID: PMC6520642 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0031-19.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Revised: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently there is no effective therapy available for cognitive impairments in Down syndrome (DS), one of the most prevalent forms of intellectual disability in humans associated with the chromosomes 21 trisomy. Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is an incretin hormone that maintains glucose homeostasis by stimulating insulin secretion. Its natural cleavage product GLP-1 (9-36) lacks insulinotropic effects and has a low binding affinity for GLP-1 receptors; thus, GLP-1 (9-36) has historically been identified as an inactive metabolite. Conversely, recent work has demonstrated interesting physiological properties of GLP-1 (9-36) such as cardioprotection and neuroprotection. We have previously shown that GLP-1 (9-36) administration enhances neuronal plasticity in young WT mice and ameliorates cognitive deficits in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Here, we report that systemic administration of GLP-1 (9-36) in Ts65Dn DS model mice of either sex resulted in decreased mitochondrial oxidative stress in hippocampus and improved dendritic spine morphology, increase of mature spines and reduction of immature spines. Importantly, these molecular alterations translated into functional changes in that long-term potentiation failure and cognitive impairments in TsDn65 DS model mice were rescued with GLP-1 (9-36) treatment. We also show that chronic GLP-1 (9-36) treatment did not alter glucose tolerance in either WT or DS model mice. Our findings suggest that GLP-1 (9-36) treatment may have therapeutic potential for DS and other neurodegenerative diseases associated with increased neuronal oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen M Day
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157
- Department of Integrative Physiology & Pharmacology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157
| | - Wenzhong Yang
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157
| | - Xin Wang
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157
| | - Jennifer E Stern
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157
| | - Xueyan Zhou
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157
| | - Shannon L Macauley
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157
| | - Tao Ma
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157
- Department of Integrative Physiology & Pharmacology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157
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46
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Frazier HN, Ghoweri AO, Anderson KL, Lin RL, Porter NM, Thibault O. Broadening the definition of brain insulin resistance in aging and Alzheimer's disease. Exp Neurol 2019; 313:79-87. [PMID: 30576640 PMCID: PMC6370304 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2018.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Revised: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
It has been >20 years since studies first revealed that the brain is insulin sensitive, highlighted by the expression of insulin receptors in neurons and glia, the presence of circulating brain insulin, and even localized insulin production. Following these discoveries, evidence of decreased brain insulin receptor number and function was reported in both clinical samples and animal models of aging and Alzheimer's disease, setting the stage for the hypothesis that neuronal insulin resistance may underlie memory loss in these conditions. The development of therapeutic insulin delivery to the brain using intranasal insulin administration has been shown to improve aspects of memory or learning in both humans and animal models. However, whether this approach functions by compensating for poorly signaling insulin receptors, for reduced insulin levels in the brain, or for reduced trafficking of insulin into the brain remains unclear. Direct measures of insulin's impact on cellular physiology and metabolism in the brain have been sparse in models of Alzheimer's disease, and even fewer studies have analyzed these processes in the aged brain. Nevertheless, recent evidence supports the role of brain insulin as a mediator of glucose metabolism through several means, including altering glucose transporters. Here, we provide a review of contemporary literature on brain insulin resistance, highlight the rationale for improving memory function using intranasal insulin, and describe initial results from experiments using a molecular approach to more directly measure the impact of insulin receptor activation and signaling on glucose uptake in neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilaree N Frazier
- University of Kentucky, Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, 800 Rose St., Lexington, KY 40536, United States.
| | - Adam O Ghoweri
- University of Kentucky, Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, 800 Rose St., Lexington, KY 40536, United States.
| | - Katie L Anderson
- University of Kentucky, Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, 800 Rose St., Lexington, KY 40536, United States.
| | - Ruei-Lung Lin
- University of Kentucky, Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, 800 Rose St., Lexington, KY 40536, United States.
| | - Nada M Porter
- University of Kentucky, Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, 800 Rose St., Lexington, KY 40536, United States.
| | - Olivier Thibault
- University of Kentucky, Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, 800 Rose St., Lexington, KY 40536, United States.
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Hascup ER, Broderick SO, Russell MK, Fang Y, Bartke A, Boger HA, Hascup KN. Diet-induced insulin resistance elevates hippocampal glutamate as well as VGLUT1 and GFAP expression in AβPP/PS1 mice. J Neurochem 2019; 148:219-237. [PMID: 30472734 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2018] [Revised: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The symptomologies of Alzheimer's disease (AD) develop over decades suggesting modifiable lifestyle factors may contribute to disease pathogenesis. In humans, hyperinsulinemia associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus increases the risk for developing AD and both diseases share similar age-related etiologies including amyloidogenesis. Since we have demonstrated that soluble Aβ42 elicits glutamate release, we wanted to understand how diet-induced insulin resistance alters hippocampal glutamate dynamics, which are important for memory formation and consolidation. Eight to twelve-week-old C57BL/6J and AβPP/PS1 mice were placed on either a low-fat diet or high-fat diet (HFD) for 8 months. A HFD led to significant weight increases as well as impaired insulin sensitivity, glucose tolerance, and learning in both C57BL/6J and AβPP/PS1 mice. AβPP/PS1 low-fat diet mice had elevated hippocampal basal as well as stimulus-evoked glutamate release that was further increased with consumption of a HFD. Immunohistochemistry indicated an increase in vesicular glutamate transporter 1 and glial fibrillary acidic protein density in hippocampal subregions corresponding with this elevated extracellular glutamate. While no differences in hippocampal plaque load were observed, the elevated astrogliotic response surrounding the plaques in AβPP/PS1 HFD mice may have been a compensatory mechanism to control plaque accumulation. These data support that AβPP/PS1 mice have chronically elevated extracellular glutamate that is exacerbated by a HFD and that modifiable lifestyle factors such as obesity-induced insulin resistance can contribute to AD pathogenesis. OPEN SCIENCE BADGES: This article has received a badge for *Open Materials* and for *Open Data* because it made the data publicly available. The data can be accessed at https://osf.io/5whvu (figures for data) and https://osf.io/gd5vf (materials and methods). The complete Open Science Disclosure form for this article can be found at the end of the article. More information about the Open Practices badges can be found at https://cos.io/our-services/open-science-badges/. Cover Image for this issue: doi: 10.1111/jnc.14490.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin R Hascup
- Department of Neurology, Center for Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders, Neurosciences Institute, Springfield, Illinois, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, Illinois, USA
| | - Sarah O Broderick
- Department of Neurology, Center for Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders, Neurosciences Institute, Springfield, Illinois, USA
| | - Mary K Russell
- Department of Neuroscience, Center on Aging, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Yimin Fang
- Division of Geriatric Research, Department of Internal Medicine, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, Illinois, USA
| | - Andrzej Bartke
- Division of Geriatric Research, Department of Internal Medicine, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, Illinois, USA
| | - Heather A Boger
- Department of Neuroscience, Center on Aging, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Kevin N Hascup
- Department of Neurology, Center for Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders, Neurosciences Institute, Springfield, Illinois, USA
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Kulas JA, Franklin WF, Smith NA, Manocha GD, Puig KL, Nagamoto-Combs K, Hendrix RD, Taglialatela G, Barger SW, Combs CK. Ablation of amyloid precursor protein increases insulin-degrading enzyme levels and activity in brain and peripheral tissues. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2019; 316:E106-E120. [PMID: 30422705 PMCID: PMC6417684 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00279.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The amyloid precursor protein (APP) is a type I transmembrane glycoprotein widely studied for its role as the source of β-amyloid peptide, accumulation of which is causal in at least some cases of Alzheimer's disease (AD). APP is expressed ubiquitously and is involved in diverse biological processes. Growing bodies of evidence indicate connections between AD and somatic metabolic disorders related to type 2 diabetes, and App-/- mice show alterations in glycemic regulation. We find that App-/- mice have higher levels of insulin-degrading enzyme (IDE) mRNA, protein, and activity compared with wild-type controls. This regulation of IDE by APP was widespread across numerous tissues, including liver, skeletal muscle, and brain as well as cell types within neural tissue, including neurons, astrocytes, and microglia. RNA interference-mediated knockdown of APP in the SIM-A9 microglia cell line elevated IDE levels. Fasting levels of blood insulin were lower in App-/- than App+/+ mice, but the former showed a larger increase in response to glucose. These low basal levels may enhance peripheral insulin sensitivity, as App-/- mice failed to develop impairment of glucose tolerance on a high-fat, high-sucrose ("Western") diet. Insulin levels and insulin signaling were also lower in the App-/- brain; synaptosomes prepared from App-/- hippocampus showed diminished insulin receptor phosphorylation compared with App+/+ mice when stimulated ex vivo. These findings represent a new molecular link connecting APP to metabolic homeostasis and demonstrate a novel role for APP as an upstream regulator of IDE in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua A Kulas
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences , Grand Forks, North Dakota
| | - Whitney F Franklin
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch , Galveston, Texas
| | - Nicholas A Smith
- Department of Pathology, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences , Grand Forks, North Dakota
| | - Gunjan D Manocha
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences , Grand Forks, North Dakota
| | - Kendra L Puig
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences , Grand Forks, North Dakota
| | - Kumi Nagamoto-Combs
- Department of Pathology, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences , Grand Forks, North Dakota
| | - Rachel D Hendrix
- Department of Neurobiology and Developmental Sciences, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences , Little Rock Arkansas
| | - Giulio Taglialatela
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Medical Branch , Galveston, Texas
| | - Steven W Barger
- Department of Geriatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences , Little Rock Arkansas
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - Colin K Combs
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences , Grand Forks, North Dakota
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Zhao M, Yuan MM, Yuan L, Huang LL, Liao JH, Yu XL, Su C, Chen YH, Yang YY, Yu H, Xu DX. Chronic folate deficiency induces glucose and lipid metabolism disorders and subsequent cognitive dysfunction in mice. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0202910. [PMID: 30153273 PMCID: PMC6112663 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0202910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that folate levels were decreased in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and further lowered in T2D patients with cognitive impairment. However, whether folate deficiency could cause T2D and subsequent cognitive dysfunction is still unknown. The present study aimed to explore the effects of chronic folate deficiency (CFD) on glucose and lipid metabolism and cognitive function in mice. Seven-week-old mice were fed with either a CFD or control diet for 25 weeks. Serum folate was significantly reduced, whereas serum total homocysteine was significantly increased in the CFD group. Moreover, CFD induced obesity after a 6-week diet treatment, glucose intolerance and insulin resistance after a 16-week-diet treatment. In addition, CFD reduced the hepatic p-Akt/Akt ratio in response to acute insulin administration. Moreover, CFD increased serum triglyceride levels, upregulated hepatic Acc1 and Fasn mRNA expression, and downregulated hepatic Cd36 and ApoB mRNA expression. After a 24-week diet treatment, CFD induced anxiety-related activities and impairment of spatial learning and memory performance. This study demonstrates that folate deficiency could induce obesity, glucose and lipid metabolism disorders and subsequent cognitive dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Zhao
- School of Nursing, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health & Aristogenics, Hefei, China
| | - Man Man Yuan
- School of Nursing, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Li Yuan
- School of Nursing, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Li Li Huang
- School of Nursing, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Jian Hong Liao
- School of Nursing, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xiao Ling Yu
- School of Nursing, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Chang Su
- School of Nursing, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yuan Hua Chen
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health & Aristogenics, Hefei, China
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yu Ying Yang
- School of Nursing, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Huan Yu
- School of Nursing, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - De Xiang Xu
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health & Aristogenics, Hefei, China
- Department of Toxicology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
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Lee JH, Jahrling JB, Denner L, Dineley KT. Targeting Insulin for Alzheimer’s Disease: Mechanisms, Status and Potential Directions. J Alzheimers Dis 2018; 64:S427-S453. [DOI: 10.3233/jad-179923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jung Hyun Lee
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Jordan B. Jahrling
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Larry Denner
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Kelly T. Dineley
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
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