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Dragano NRV, Milbank E, Haddad-Tóvolli R, Garrido-Gil P, Nóvoa E, Fondevilla MF, Capelli V, Zanesco AM, Solon C, Morari J, Pires L, Estevez-Salguero Á, Beiroa D, González-García I, Barca-Mayo O, Diéguez C, Nogueiras R, Labandeira-García JL, Rexen Ulven E, Ulven T, Claret M, Velloso LA, López M. Hypothalamic free fatty acid receptor-1 regulates whole-body energy balance. Mol Metab 2024; 79:101840. [PMID: 38036170 PMCID: PMC10784317 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2023.101840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Free fatty acid receptor-1 (FFAR1) is a medium- and long-chain fatty acid sensing G protein-coupled receptor that is highly expressed in the hypothalamus. Here, we investigated the central role of FFAR1 on energy balance. METHODS Central FFAR1 agonism and virogenic knockdown were performed in mice. Energy balance studies, infrared thermographic analysis of brown adipose tissue (BAT) and molecular analysis of the hypothalamus, BAT, white adipose tissue (WAT) and liver were carried out. RESULTS Pharmacological stimulation of FFAR1, using central administration of its agonist TUG-905 in diet-induced obese mice, decreases body weight and is associated with increased energy expenditure, BAT thermogenesis and browning of subcutaneous WAT (sWAT), as well as reduced AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) levels, reduced inflammation, and decreased endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in the hypothalamus. As FFAR1 is expressed in distinct hypothalamic neuronal subpopulations, we used an AAV vector expressing a shRNA to specifically knockdown Ffar1 in proopiomelanocortin (POMC) neurons of the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus (ARC) of obese mice. Our data showed that knockdown of Ffar1 in POMC neurons promoted hyperphagia and body weight gain. In parallel, these mice developed hepatic insulin resistance and steatosis. CONCLUSIONS FFAR1 emerges as a new hypothalamic nutrient sensor regulating whole body energy balance. Moreover, pharmacological activation of FFAR1 could provide a therapeutic advance in the management of obesity and its associated metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalia R V Dragano
- Department of Physiology, CiMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), 15706, Spain; Laboratory of Cell Signaling-Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil.
| | - Edward Milbank
- Department of Physiology, CiMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), 15706, Spain
| | - Roberta Haddad-Tóvolli
- Neuronal Control of Metabolism (NeuCoMe) Laboratory, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pablo Garrido-Gil
- Department of Morphological Sciences, CiMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; CIBER Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 28029, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Eva Nóvoa
- Department of Physiology, CiMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), 15706, Spain
| | - Marcos F Fondevilla
- Department of Physiology, CiMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), 15706, Spain
| | - Valentina Capelli
- Department of Physiology, CiMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), 15706, Spain
| | - Ariane Maria Zanesco
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling-Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Carina Solon
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling-Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Joseane Morari
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling-Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Leticia Pires
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling-Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Ánxela Estevez-Salguero
- Department of Physiology, CiMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), 15706, Spain
| | - Daniel Beiroa
- Department of Physiology, CiMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), 15706, Spain
| | - Ismael González-García
- Department of Physiology, CiMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), 15706, Spain
| | - Olga Barca-Mayo
- Department of Physiology, CiMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Spain
| | - Carlos Diéguez
- Department of Physiology, CiMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), 15706, Spain
| | - Ruben Nogueiras
- Department of Physiology, CiMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), 15706, Spain
| | - José L Labandeira-García
- Department of Morphological Sciences, CiMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; CIBER Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 28029, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Elisabeth Rexen Ulven
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Trond Ulven
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marc Claret
- Neuronal Control of Metabolism (NeuCoMe) Laboratory, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERdem), 08036, Spain; Faculty of Medicine, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Licio A Velloso
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling-Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Miguel López
- Department of Physiology, CiMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), 15706, Spain.
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Biolcatti CF, Bobbo VC, Solon C, Morari J, Haddad-Tovolli R, Araujo EP, Simoes MR, Velloso LA. Pregnancy Protects against Abnormal Gut Permeability Promoted via the Consumption of a High-Fat Diet in Mice. Nutrients 2023; 15:5041. [PMID: 38140300 PMCID: PMC10746116 DOI: 10.3390/nu15245041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The consumption of large amounts of dietary fats and pregnancy are independent factors that can promote changes in gut permeability and the gut microbiome landscape. However, there is limited evidence regarding the impact of pregnancy on the regulation of such parameters in females fed a high-fat diet. Here, gut permeability and microbiome landscape were evaluated in a mouse model of diet-induced obesity in pregnancy. The results show that pregnancy protected against the harmful effects of the consumption of a high-fat diet as a disruptor of gut permeability; thus, there was a two-fold reduction in FITC-dextran passage to the bloodstream compared to non-pregnant mice fed a high-fat diet (p < 0.01). This was accompanied by an increased expression of gut barrier-related transcripts, particularly in the ileum. In addition, the beneficial effect of pregnancy on female mice fed the high-fat diet was accompanied by a reduced presence of bacteria belonging to the genus Clostridia, and by increased Lactobacillus murinus in the gut (p < 0.05). Thus, this study advances the understanding of how pregnancy can act during a short window of time, protecting against the harmful effects of the consumption of a high-fat diet by promoting an increased expression of transcripts encoding proteins involved in the regulation of gut permeability, particularly in the ileum, and promoting changes in the gut microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caio F. Biolcatti
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-864, Brazil; (C.F.B.); (V.C.B.); (C.S.); (J.M.); (R.H.-T.); (E.P.A.); (M.R.S.)
- School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-894, Brazil
| | - Vanessa C. Bobbo
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-864, Brazil; (C.F.B.); (V.C.B.); (C.S.); (J.M.); (R.H.-T.); (E.P.A.); (M.R.S.)
- School of Nursing, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-887, Brazil
| | - Carina Solon
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-864, Brazil; (C.F.B.); (V.C.B.); (C.S.); (J.M.); (R.H.-T.); (E.P.A.); (M.R.S.)
| | - Joseane Morari
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-864, Brazil; (C.F.B.); (V.C.B.); (C.S.); (J.M.); (R.H.-T.); (E.P.A.); (M.R.S.)
| | - Roberta Haddad-Tovolli
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-864, Brazil; (C.F.B.); (V.C.B.); (C.S.); (J.M.); (R.H.-T.); (E.P.A.); (M.R.S.)
- Neuronal Control of Metabolism (NeuCoMe) Laboratory, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eliana P. Araujo
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-864, Brazil; (C.F.B.); (V.C.B.); (C.S.); (J.M.); (R.H.-T.); (E.P.A.); (M.R.S.)
- School of Nursing, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-887, Brazil
| | - Marcela R. Simoes
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-864, Brazil; (C.F.B.); (V.C.B.); (C.S.); (J.M.); (R.H.-T.); (E.P.A.); (M.R.S.)
| | - Licio A. Velloso
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-864, Brazil; (C.F.B.); (V.C.B.); (C.S.); (J.M.); (R.H.-T.); (E.P.A.); (M.R.S.)
- School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-894, Brazil
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Haddad-Tóvolli R, Morari J, Barbizan R, Bóbbo VC, Carraro RS, Solon C, Dragano NR, Torsoni MA, Araujo EP, Velloso LA. Maternal obesity damages the median eminence blood-brain barrier structure and function in the progeny: the beneficial impact of cross-fostering by lean mothers. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2023; 324:E154-E166. [PMID: 36598900 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00268.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Maternal obesity is an important risk factor for obesity, cardiovascular, and metabolic diseases in the offspring. Studies have shown that it leads to hypothalamic inflammation in the progeny, affecting the function of neurons regulating food intake and energy expenditure. In adult mice fed a high-fat diet, one of the hypothalamic abnormalities that contribute to the development of obesity is the damage of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) at the median eminence-arcuate nucleus (ME-ARC) interface; however, how the hypothalamic BBB is affected in the offspring of obese mothers requires further investigation. Here, we used confocal and transmission electron microscopy, transcript expression analysis, glucose tolerance testing, and a cross-fostering intervention to determine the impact of maternal obesity and breastfeeding on BBB integrity at the ME-ARC interface. The offspring of obese mothers were born smaller; conversely, at weaning, they presented larger body mass and glucose intolerance. In addition, maternal obesity-induced structural and functional damage of the offspring's ME-ARC BBB. By a cross-fostering intervention, some of the defects in barrier integrity and metabolism seen during development in an obesogenic diet were recovered. The offspring of obese dams breastfed by lean dams presented a reduction of body mass and glucose intolerance as compared to the offspring continuously exposed to an obesogenic environment during intrauterine and perinatal life; this was accompanied by partial recovery of the anatomical structure of the ME-ARC interface, and by the normalization of transcript expression of genes coding for hypothalamic neurotransmitters involved in energy balance and BBB integrity. Thus, maternal obesity promotes structural and functional damage of the hypothalamic BBB, which is, in part, reverted by lactation by lean mothers.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Maternal dietary habits directly influence offspring health. In this study, we aimed at determining the impact of maternal obesity on BBB integrity. We show that DIO offspring presented a leakier ME-BBB, accompanied by changes in the expression of transcripts encoding for endothelial and tanycytic proteins, as well as of hypothalamic neuropeptides. Breastfeeding in lean dams was sufficient to protect the offspring from ME-BBB disruption, providing a preventive strategy of nutritional intervention during early life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Haddad-Tóvolli
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, State University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
- Neuronal Control of Metabolism (NeuCoMe) Laboratory, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joseane Morari
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, State University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Roberta Barbizan
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, State University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Vanessa C Bóbbo
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, State University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo S Carraro
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, State University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
- Center for Anatomy Studies, University San Francisco (USF), Bragança Paulista, Brazil
| | - Carina Solon
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, State University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Nathalia R Dragano
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, State University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Márcio A Torsoni
- Laboratory of Metabolic Disorders, Faculty of Applied Sciences, State University of Campinas, Campinas, Limeira, Brazil
| | - Eliana P Araujo
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, State University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
- School of Nursing, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Licio A Velloso
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, State University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
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Zangerolamo L, Vettorazzi JF, Solon C, Bronczek GA, Engel DF, Kurauti MA, Soares GM, Rodrigues KS, Velloso LA, Boschero AC, Carneiro EM, Barbosa HCL. The bile acid TUDCA improves glucose metabolism in streptozotocin-induced Alzheimer's disease mice model. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2021; 521:111116. [PMID: 33321116 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2020.111116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder and the major cause of dementia. According to predictions of the World Health Organization, more than 150 million people worldwide will suffer from dementia by 2050. An increasing number of studies have associated AD with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), since most of the features found in T2DM are also observed in AD, such as insulin resistance and glucose intolerance. In this sense, some bile acids have emerged as new therapeutic targets to treat AD and metabolic disorders. The taurine conjugated bile acid, tauroursodeoxycholic (TUDCA), reduces amyloid oligomer accumulation and improves cognition in APP/PS1 mice model of AD, and also improves glucose-insulin homeostasis in obese and type 2 diabetic mice. Herein, we investigated the effect of TUDCA upon glucose metabolism in streptozotocin-induced AD mice model (Stz). The Stz mice that received 300 mg/kg TUDCA during 10 days (Stz + TUDCA), showed improvement in glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity, reduced fasted and fed glycemia, increased islet mass and β-cell area, as well as increased glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, compared with Stz mice that received only PBS. Stz + TUDCA mice also displayed lower neuroinflammation, reduced protein content of amyloid oligomer in the hippocampus, improved memory test and increased protein content of insulin receptor β-subunit in the hippocampus. In conclusion, TUDCA treatment enhanced glucose homeostasis in the streptozotocin-induced Alzheimer's disease mice model, pointing this bile acid as a good strategy to counteract glucose homeostasis disturbance in AD pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Zangerolamo
- Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, Department of Structural and Functional Biology, University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Carina Solon
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gabriela A Bronczek
- Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, Department of Structural and Functional Biology, University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Daiane F Engel
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mirian A Kurauti
- Department of Physiological Sciences, State University of Maringa, UEM, Maringa, Parana, Brazil
| | - Gabriela M Soares
- Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, Department of Structural and Functional Biology, University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Karina S Rodrigues
- Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, Department of Structural and Functional Biology, University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Licio A Velloso
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Antonio C Boschero
- Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, Department of Structural and Functional Biology, University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Everardo M Carneiro
- Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, Department of Structural and Functional Biology, University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Helena C L Barbosa
- Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, Department of Structural and Functional Biology, University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
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Nogueira G, Solon C, Carraro RS, Engel DF, Ramalho AF, Sidarta-Oliveira D, Gaspar RS, Bombassaro B, Vasques AC, Geloneze B, Vinolo MA, Donato Junior J, Velloso LA. Interleukin-17 acts in the hypothalamus reducing food intake. Brain Behav Immun 2020; 87:272-285. [PMID: 31863824 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2019.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-17 (IL-17) is expressed in the intestine in response to changes in the gut microbiome landscape and plays an important role in intestinal and systemic inflammatory diseases. There is evidence that dietary factors can also modify the expression of intestinal IL-17. Here, we hypothesized that, similar to several other gut-produced factors, IL-17 may act in the hypothalamus to modulate food intake. We confirm that food intake increases IL-17 expression in the mouse ileum and human blood. There is no expression of IL-17 in the hypothalamus; however, IL-17 receptor A is expressed in both pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) and agouti-related peptide (AgRP) neurons. Upon systemic injection, IL-17 promoted a rapid increase in hypothalamic POMC expression, which was followed by a late increase in the expression of AgRP. Both systemic and intracerebroventricular injections of IL-17 reduced calorie intake without affecting whole-body energy expenditure. Systemic but not intracerebroventricular injection of IL-17 increase brown adipose tissue temperature. Thus, IL-17 is a gut-produced factor that is controlled by diet and modulates food intake by acting in the hypothalamus. Our findings provide the first evidence of a cytokine that is acutely regulated by food intake and plays a role in the regulation of eating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme Nogueira
- Laboratory of Cell Signalling-Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Carina Solon
- Laboratory of Cell Signalling-Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo S Carraro
- Laboratory of Cell Signalling-Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Daiane F Engel
- Laboratory of Cell Signalling-Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Albina F Ramalho
- Laboratory of Cell Signalling-Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Davi Sidarta-Oliveira
- Laboratory of Cell Signalling-Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo S Gaspar
- Laboratory of Cell Signalling-Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Bruna Bombassaro
- Laboratory of Cell Signalling-Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Ana C Vasques
- Laboratory of Investigation in Metabolism and Diabetes, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Bruno Geloneze
- Laboratory of Investigation in Metabolism and Diabetes, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Marco A Vinolo
- Laboratory of Immunoinflammation, Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Jose Donato Junior
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Licio A Velloso
- Laboratory of Cell Signalling-Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil.
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Bombassaro B, Ramalho AFS, Fioravante M, Solon C, Nogueira G, Nogueira PAS, Gaspar RS, Ropelle ER, Velloso LA. CD1 is involved in diet-induced hypothalamic inflammation in obesity. Brain Behav Immun 2019; 78:78-90. [PMID: 30660601 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2019.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity-associated hypothalamic inflammation plays an important role in the development of defective neuronal control of whole body energy balance. Because dietary fats are the main triggers of hypothalamic inflammation, we hypothesized that CD1, a lipid-presenting protein, may be involved in the hypothalamic inflammatory response in obesity. Here, we show that early after the introduction of a high-fat diet, CD1 expressing cells gradually appear in the mediobasal hypothalamus. The inhibition of hypothalamic CD1 reduces diet-induced hypothalamic inflammation and rescues the obese and glucose-intolerance phenotype of mice fed a high-fat diet. Conversely, the chemical activation of hypothalamic CD1 further increases diet-induced obesity and hypothalamic inflammation. A bioinformatics analysis revealed that hypothalamic CD1 correlates with transcripts encoding for proteins known to be involved in diet-induced hypothalamic abnormalities in obesity. Thus, CD1 is involved in at least part of the hypothalamic inflammatory response in diet-induced obesity and its modulation affects the body mass phenotype of mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna Bombassaro
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo 13084-970, Brazil
| | - Albina F S Ramalho
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo 13084-970, Brazil
| | - Milena Fioravante
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo 13084-970, Brazil
| | - Carina Solon
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo 13084-970, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Nogueira
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo 13084-970, Brazil
| | - Pedro A S Nogueira
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo 13084-970, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo S Gaspar
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eduardo R Ropelle
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Licio A Velloso
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo 13084-970, Brazil.
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Carraro RS, Souza GF, Solon C, Razolli DS, Chausse B, Barbizan R, Victorio SC, Velloso LA. Hypothalamic mitochondrial abnormalities occur downstream of inflammation in diet-induced obesity. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2018; 460:238-245. [PMID: 28760600 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2017.07.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Revised: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Hypothalamic dysfunction is a common feature of experimental obesity. Studies have identified at least three mechanisms involved in the development of hypothalamic neuronal defects in diet-induced obesity: i, inflammation; ii, endoplasmic reticulum stress; and iii, mitochondrial abnormalities. However, which of these mechanisms is activated earliest in response to the consumption of large portions of dietary fats is currently unknown. Here, we used immunoblot, real-time PCR, mitochondrial respiration assays and transmission electron microscopy to evaluate markers of inflammation, endoplasmic reticulum stress and mitochondrial abnormalities in the hypothalamus of Swiss mice fed a high-fat diet for up to seven days. In the present study we show that the expression of the inflammatory chemokine fractalkine was the earliest event detected. Its hypothalamic expression increased as early as 3 h after the introduction of a high-fat diet and was followed by the increase of cytokines. GPR78, an endoplasmic reticulum chaperone, was increased 6 h after the introduction of a high-fat diet, however the actual triggering of endoplasmic reticulum stress was only detected three days later, when IRE-1α was increased. Mitofusin-2, a protein involved in mitochondrial fusion and tethering of mitochondria to the endoplasmic reticulum, underwent a transient reduction 24 h after the introduction of a high-fat diet and then increased after seven days. There were no changes in hypothalamic mitochondrial respiration during the experimental period, however there were reductions in mitochondria/endoplasmic reticulum contact sites, beginning three days after the introduction of a high-fat diet. The inhibition of TNF-α with infliximab resulted in the normalization of mitofusin-2 levels 24 h after the introduction of the diet. Thus, inflammation is the earliest mechanism activated in the hypothalamus after the introduction of a high-fat diet and may play a mechanistic role in the development of mitochondrial abnormalities in diet-induced obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo S Carraro
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling and Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, University of Campinas, 13084-970 Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Gabriela F Souza
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling and Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, University of Campinas, 13084-970 Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Carina Solon
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling and Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, University of Campinas, 13084-970 Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Daniela S Razolli
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling and Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, University of Campinas, 13084-970 Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Bruno Chausse
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling and Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, University of Campinas, 13084-970 Campinas, SP, Brazil; Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, 05508-000 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Roberta Barbizan
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling and Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, University of Campinas, 13084-970 Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Sheila C Victorio
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling and Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, University of Campinas, 13084-970 Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Licio A Velloso
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling and Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, University of Campinas, 13084-970 Campinas, SP, Brazil.
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8
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Ramalho AF, Bombassaro B, Dragano NR, Solon C, Morari J, Fioravante M, Barbizan R, Velloso LA, Araujo EP. Dietary fats promote functional and structural changes in the median eminence blood/spinal fluid interface-the protective role for BDNF. J Neuroinflammation 2018; 15:10. [PMID: 29316939 PMCID: PMC5761204 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-017-1046-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The consumption of large amounts of dietary fats activates an inflammatory response in the hypothalamus, damaging key neurons involved in the regulation of caloric intake and energy expenditure. It is currently unknown why the mediobasal hypothalamus is the main target of diet-induced brain inflammation. We hypothesized that dietary fats can damage the median eminence blood/spinal fluid interface. METHODS Swiss mice were fed on a high-fat diet, and molecular and structural studies were performed employing real-time PCR, immunoblot, immunofluorescence, transmission electron microscopy, and metabolic measurements. RESULTS The consumption of a high fat diet was sufficient to increase the expression of inflammatory cytokines and brain-derived neurotrophic factor in the median eminence, preceding changes in other circumventricular regions. In addition, it led to an early loss of the structural organization of the median eminence β1-tanycytes. This was accompanied by an increase in the hypothalamic expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor. The immunoneutralization of brain-derived neurotrophic factor worsened diet-induced functional damage of the median eminence blood/spinal fluid interface, increased diet-induced hypothalamic inflammation, and increased body mass gain. CONCLUSIONS The median eminence/spinal fluid interface is affected at the functional and structural levels early after introduction of a high-fat diet. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor provides an early protection against damage, which is lost upon a persisting consumption of large amounts of dietary fats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albina F Ramalho
- LAV, Laboratory of Cell Signaling, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, 13084-970, Brazil
| | - Bruna Bombassaro
- LAV, Laboratory of Cell Signaling, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, 13084-970, Brazil
| | - Nathalia R Dragano
- LAV, Laboratory of Cell Signaling, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, 13084-970, Brazil
| | - Carina Solon
- LAV, Laboratory of Cell Signaling, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, 13084-970, Brazil
| | - Joseane Morari
- LAV, Laboratory of Cell Signaling, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, 13084-970, Brazil
| | - Milena Fioravante
- LAV, Laboratory of Cell Signaling, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, 13084-970, Brazil
| | - Roberta Barbizan
- LAV, Laboratory of Cell Signaling, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, 13084-970, Brazil
| | - Licio A Velloso
- LAV, Laboratory of Cell Signaling, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, 13084-970, Brazil.
| | - Eliana P Araujo
- Faculty of Nursing, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, 13084-970, Brazil
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9
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Fioravante M, Bombassaro B, Ramalho AF, Dragano NR, Morari J, Solon C, Tobar N, Ramos CD, Velloso LA. Inhibition of hypothalamic leukemia inhibitory factor exacerbates diet-induced obesity phenotype. J Neuroinflammation 2017; 14:178. [PMID: 28865476 PMCID: PMC5581454 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-017-0956-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The consumption of large amounts of dietary fats can trigger an inflammatory response in the hypothalamus and contribute to the dysfunctional control of caloric intake and energy expenditure commonly present in obesity. The objective of this study was to identify chemokine-related transcripts that could be involved in the early stages of diet-induced hypothalamic inflammation. Methods We used immunoblot, PCR array, real-time PCR, immunofluorescence staining, glucose and insulin tolerance tests, and determination of general metabolic parameters to evaluate markers of inflammation, body mass variation, and glucose tolerance in mice fed a high-fat diet. Results Using a real-time PCR array, we identified leukemia inhibitory factor as a chemokine/cytokine undergoing a rapid increase in the hypothalamus of obesity-resistant and a rapid decrease in the hypothalamus of obesity-prone mice fed a high-fat diet for 1 day. We hypothesized that the increased hypothalamic expression of leukemia inhibitory factor could contribute to the protective phenotype of obesity-resistant mice. To test this hypothesis, we immunoneutralized hypothalamic leukemia inhibitory factor and evaluated inflammatory and metabolic parameters. The immunoneutralization of leukemia inhibitory factor in the hypothalamus of obesity-resistant mice resulted in increased body mass gain and increased adiposity. Body mass gain was mostly due to increased caloric intake and reduced spontaneous physical activity. This modification in the phenotype was accompanied by increased expression of inflammatory cytokines in the hypothalamus. In addition, the inhibition of hypothalamic leukemia inhibitory factor was accompanied by glucose intolerance and insulin resistance. Conclusion Hypothalamic expression of leukemia inhibitory factor may protect mice from the development of diet-induced obesity; the inhibition of this protein in the hypothalamus transforms obesity-resistant into obesity-prone mice. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12974-017-0956-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milena Fioravante
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, 13084-970, Brazil
| | - Bruna Bombassaro
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, 13084-970, Brazil
| | - Albina F Ramalho
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, 13084-970, Brazil
| | - Nathalia R Dragano
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, 13084-970, Brazil
| | - Joseane Morari
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, 13084-970, Brazil
| | - Carina Solon
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, 13084-970, Brazil
| | - Natalia Tobar
- Department of Radiology, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, 13084-970, Brazil
| | - Celso D Ramos
- Department of Radiology, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, 13084-970, Brazil
| | - Licio A Velloso
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, 13084-970, Brazil.
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Dragano NRV, Solon C, Ramalho AF, de Moura RF, Razolli DS, Christiansen E, Azevedo C, Ulven T, Velloso LA. Polyunsaturated fatty acid receptors, GPR40 and GPR120, are expressed in the hypothalamus and control energy homeostasis and inflammation. J Neuroinflammation 2017; 14:91. [PMID: 28446241 PMCID: PMC5405534 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-017-0869-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The consumption of large amounts of dietary fats is one of the most important environmental factors contributing to the development of obesity and metabolic disorders. GPR120 and GPR40 are polyunsaturated fatty acid receptors that exert a number of systemic effects that are beneficial for metabolic and inflammatory diseases. Here, we evaluate the expression and potential role of hypothalamic GPR120 and GPR40 as targets for the treatment of obesity. Methods Male Swiss (6-weeks old), were fed with a high fat diet (HFD, 60% of kcal from fat) for 4 weeks. Next, mice underwent stereotaxic surgery to place an indwelling cannula into the right lateral ventricle. intracerebroventricular (icv)-cannulated mice were treated twice a day for 6 days with 2.0 μL saline or GPR40 and GPR120 agonists: GW9508, TUG1197, or TUG905 (2.0 μL, 1.0 mM). Food intake and body mass were measured during the treatment period. At the end of the experiment, the hypothalamus was collected for real-time PCR analysis. Results We show that both receptors are expressed in the hypothalamus; GPR120 is primarily present in microglia, whereas GPR40 is expressed in neurons. Upon intracerebroventricular treatment, GW9508, a non-specific agonist for both receptors, reduced energy efficiency and the expression of inflammatory genes in the hypothalamus. Reducing GPR120 hypothalamic expression using a lentivirus-based approach resulted in the loss of the anti-inflammatory effect of GW9508 and increased energy efficiency. Intracerebroventricular treatment with the GPR120- and GPR40-specific agonists TUG1197 and TUG905, respectively, resulted in milder effects than those produced by GW9508. Conclusions GPR120 and GPR40 act in concert in the hypothalamus to reduce energy efficiency and regulate the inflammation associated with obesity. The combined activation of both receptors in the hypothalamus results in better metabolic outcomes than the isolated activation of either receptor alone. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12974-017-0869-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalia R V Dragano
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling and Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, 13084-970, Brazil
| | - Carina Solon
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling and Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, 13084-970, Brazil
| | - Albina F Ramalho
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling and Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, 13084-970, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo F de Moura
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling and Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, 13084-970, Brazil
| | - Daniela S Razolli
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling and Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, 13084-970, Brazil
| | - Elisabeth Christiansen
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, DK-5230, Odense, Denmark
| | - Carlos Azevedo
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, DK-5230, Odense, Denmark
| | - Trond Ulven
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, DK-5230, Odense, Denmark
| | - Licio A Velloso
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling and Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, 13084-970, Brazil. .,Laboratory of Cell Signaling, University of Campinas, Rua Cinco de Junho, 350, Cidade Universitária, Campinas, SP, 13083-877, Brazil.
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11
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Romanatto T, Roman EA, Arruda AP, Denis RG, Solon C, Milanski M, Moraes JC, Bonfleur ML, Degasperi GR, Picardi PK, Hirabara S, Boschero AC, Curi R, Velloso LA. Deletion of tumor necrosis factor-α receptor 1 (TNFR1) protects against diet-induced obesity by means of increased thermogenesis. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:26934. [PMID: 28011876 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.a109.030874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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12
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Souza GFP, Solon C, Nascimento LF, De-Lima-Junior JC, Nogueira G, Moura R, Rocha GZ, Fioravante M, Bobbo V, Morari J, Razolli D, Araujo EP, Velloso LA. Defective regulation of POMC precedes hypothalamic inflammation in diet-induced obesity. Sci Rep 2016; 6:29290. [PMID: 27373214 PMCID: PMC4931679 DOI: 10.1038/srep29290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2015] [Accepted: 06/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is the result of a long-term positive energy balance in which caloric intake overrides energy expenditure. This anabolic state results from the defective activity of hypothalamic neurons involved in the sensing and response to adiposity. However, it is currently unknown what the earliest obesity-linked hypothalamic defect is and how it orchestrates the energy imbalance present in obesity. Using an outbred model of diet-induced obesity we show that defective regulation of hypothalamic POMC is the earliest marker distinguishing obesity-prone from obesity-resistant mice. The early inhibition of hypothalamic POMC was sufficient to transform obesity-resistant in obesity-prone mice. In addition, the post-prandial change in the blood level of β-endorphin, a POMC-derived peptide, correlates with body mass gain in rodents and humans. Taken together, these results suggest that defective regulation of POMC expression, which leads to a change of β-endorphin levels, is the earliest hypothalamic defect leading to obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela F P Souza
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, University of Campinas, 13084-970 - Campinas-SP, Brazil
| | - Carina Solon
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, University of Campinas, 13084-970 - Campinas-SP, Brazil
| | - Lucas F Nascimento
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, University of Campinas, 13084-970 - Campinas-SP, Brazil
| | - Jose C De-Lima-Junior
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, University of Campinas, 13084-970 - Campinas-SP, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Nogueira
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, University of Campinas, 13084-970 - Campinas-SP, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Moura
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, University of Campinas, 13084-970 - Campinas-SP, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Z Rocha
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Campinas, 13084-970 - Campinas-SP, Brazil
| | - Milena Fioravante
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, University of Campinas, 13084-970 - Campinas-SP, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Bobbo
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, University of Campinas, 13084-970 - Campinas-SP, Brazil.,Faculty of Nursing, University of Campinas, 13084-970 - Campinas-SP, Brazil
| | - Joseane Morari
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, University of Campinas, 13084-970 - Campinas-SP, Brazil
| | - Daniela Razolli
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, University of Campinas, 13084-970 - Campinas-SP, Brazil
| | - Eliana P Araujo
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, University of Campinas, 13084-970 - Campinas-SP, Brazil.,Faculty of Nursing, University of Campinas, 13084-970 - Campinas-SP, Brazil
| | - Licio A Velloso
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, University of Campinas, 13084-970 - Campinas-SP, Brazil
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13
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Lima GC, Vuolo MM, Batista ÂG, Dragano NR, Solon C, Maróstica Junior MR. Passiflora edulis peel intake improves insulin sensitivity, increasing incretins and hypothalamic satietogenic neuropeptide in rats on a high-fat diet. Nutrition 2016; 32:863-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2016.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2015] [Revised: 12/11/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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14
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Nascimento LFR, Souza GFP, Morari J, Barbosa GO, Solon C, Moura RF, Victório SC, Ignácio-Souza LM, Razolli DS, Carvalho HF, Velloso LA. n-3 Fatty Acids Induce Neurogenesis of Predominantly POMC-Expressing Cells in the Hypothalamus. Diabetes 2016; 65:673-86. [PMID: 26512023 DOI: 10.2337/db15-0008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2015] [Accepted: 10/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Apoptosis of hypothalamic neurons is believed to play an important role in the development and perpetuation of obesity. Similar to the hippocampus, the hypothalamus presents constitutive and stimulated neurogenesis, suggesting that obesity-associated hypothalamic dysfunction can be repaired. Here, we explored the hypothesis that n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) induce hypothalamic neurogenesis. Both in the diet and injected directly into the hypothalamus, PUFAs were capable of increasing hypothalamic neurogenesis to levels similar or superior to the effect of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). Most of the neurogenic activity induced by PUFAs resulted in increased numbers of proopiomelanocortin but not NPY neurons and was accompanied by increased expression of BDNF and G-protein-coupled receptor 40 (GPR40). The inhibition of GPR40 was capable of reducing the neurogenic effect of a PUFA, while the inhibition of BDNF resulted in the reduction of global hypothalamic cell. Thus, PUFAs emerge as a potential dietary approach to correct obesity-associated hypothalamic neuronal loss.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Joseane Morari
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | | | - Carina Solon
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo F Moura
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Sheila C Victório
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | | | - Daniela S Razolli
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | | | - Lício A Velloso
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
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15
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Sun D, Solon C, Park S, Beckerman R. An Analysis of the Drivers of Pricing Premiums Granted to Innovative Products in Japan. Value Health 2014; 17:A795. [PMID: 27202977 DOI: 10.1016/j.jval.2014.08.460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- D Sun
- CBPartners, New York City, NY, USA
| | - C Solon
- CBPartners, New York City, NY, USA
| | - S Park
- CBPartners, New York City, NY, USA
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16
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Sun D, Park S, Jiang Y, Solon C, Beckerman R. Correlation of Recent HTA Decisions Between Taiwan and Korea: Implication for Launch Strategies. Value Health 2014; 17:A796. [PMID: 27202984 DOI: 10.1016/j.jval.2014.08.465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- D Sun
- CBPartners, New York City, NY, USA
| | - S Park
- CBPartners, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Y Jiang
- CBPartners, New York City, NY, USA
| | - C Solon
- CBPartners, New York City, NY, USA
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17
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Morari J, Anhe GF, Nascimento LF, de Moura RF, Razolli D, Solon C, Guadagnini D, Souza G, Mattos AH, Tobar N, Ramos CD, Pascoal VD, Saad MJ, Lopes-Cendes I, Moraes JC, Velloso LA. Fractalkine (CX3CL1) is involved in the early activation of hypothalamic inflammation in experimental obesity. Diabetes 2014; 63:3770-84. [PMID: 24947351 DOI: 10.2337/db13-1495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Hypothalamic inflammation is a common feature of experimental obesity. Dietary fats are important triggers of this process, inducing the activation of toll-like receptor-4 (TLR4) signaling and endoplasmic reticulum stress. Microglia cells, which are the cellular components of the innate immune system in the brain, are expected to play a role in the early activation of diet-induced hypothalamic inflammation. Here, we use bone marrow transplants to generate mice chimeras that express a functional TLR4 in the entire body except in bone marrow-derived cells or only in bone marrow-derived cells. We show that a functional TLR4 in bone marrow-derived cells is required for the complete expression of the diet-induced obese phenotype and for the perpetuation of inflammation in the hypothalamus. In an obesity-prone mouse strain, the chemokine CX3CL1 (fractalkine) is rapidly induced in the neurons of the hypothalamus after the introduction of a high-fat diet. The inhibition of hypothalamic fractalkine reduces diet-induced hypothalamic inflammation and the recruitment of bone marrow-derived monocytic cells to the hypothalamus; in addition, this inhibition reduces obesity and protects against diet-induced glucose intolerance. Thus, fractalkine is an important player in the early induction of diet-induced hypothalamic inflammation, and its inhibition impairs the induction of the obese and glucose intolerance phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseane Morari
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Gabriel F Anhe
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | | | | | - Daniela Razolli
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Carina Solon
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Dioze Guadagnini
- Laboratory of Experimental Endocrinology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Souza
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Alexandre H Mattos
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Natalia Tobar
- Department of Radiology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Celso D Ramos
- Department of Radiology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Vinicius D Pascoal
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Mario J Saad
- Laboratory of Experimental Endocrinology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Iscia Lopes-Cendes
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Juliana C Moraes
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Licio A Velloso
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
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Chausse B, Solon C, Caldeira da Silva CC, Masselli Dos Reis IG, Manchado-Gobatto FB, Gobatto CA, Velloso LA, Kowaltowski AJ. Intermittent fasting induces hypothalamic modifications resulting in low feeding efficiency, low body mass and overeating. Endocrinology 2014; 155:2456-66. [PMID: 24797627 DOI: 10.1210/en.2013-2057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Intermittent fasting (IF) is an often-used intervention to decrease body mass. In male Sprague-Dawley rats, 24 hour cycles of IF result in light caloric restriction, reduced body mass gain, and significant decreases in the efficiency of energy conversion. Here, we study the metabolic effects of IF in order to uncover mechanisms involved in this lower energy conversion efficiency. After 3 weeks, IF animals displayed overeating during fed periods and lower body mass, accompanied by alterations in energy-related tissue mass. The lower efficiency of energy use was not due to uncoupling of muscle mitochondria. Enhanced lipid oxidation was observed during fasting days, whereas fed days were accompanied by higher metabolic rates. Furthermore, an increased expression of orexigenic neurotransmitters AGRP and NPY in the hypothalamus of IF animals was found, even on feeding days, which could explain the overeating pattern. Together, these effects provide a mechanistic explanation for the lower efficiency of energy conversion observed. Overall, we find that IF promotes changes in hypothalamic function that explain differences in body mass and caloric intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Chausse
- Departamento de Bioquímica (B.C., C.C.C., A.J.K.), Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, 05508-000 Brazil; Faculdade de Ciências Médicas (C.S., L.A.V.), Universidade Estadual de Campinas, 13083-970 Brazil; Faculdade de Ciências Aplicadas (I.G.M., F.B.M-G., C.A.G.), Universidade Estadual de Campinas, 13084-350 Brazil
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Kinote A, Faria JA, Roman EA, Solon C, Razolli DS, Ignacio-Souza LM, Sollon CS, Nascimento LF, de Araújo TM, Barbosa APL, Lellis-Santos C, Velloso LA, Bordin S, Anhê GF. Fructose-induced hypothalamic AMPK activation stimulates hepatic PEPCK and gluconeogenesis due to increased corticosterone levels. Endocrinology 2012; 153:3633-45. [PMID: 22585831 DOI: 10.1210/en.2012-1341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Fructose consumption causes insulin resistance and favors hepatic gluconeogenesis through mechanisms that are not completely understood. Recent studies demonstrated that the activation of hypothalamic 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) controls dynamic fluctuations in hepatic glucose production. Thus, the present study was designed to investigate whether hypothalamic AMPK activation by fructose would mediate increased gluconeogenesis. Both ip and intracerebroventricular (icv) fructose treatment stimulated hypothalamic AMPK and acetyl-CoA carboxylase phosphorylation, in parallel with increased hepatic phosphoenolpyruvate carboxy kinase (PEPCK) and gluconeogenesis. An increase in AMPK phosphorylation by icv fructose was observed in the lateral hypothalamus as well as in the paraventricular nucleus and the arcuate nucleus. These effects were mimicked by icv 5-amino-imidazole-4-carboxamide-1-β-d-ribofuranoside treatment. Hypothalamic AMPK inhibition with icv injection of compound C or with injection of a small interfering RNA targeted to AMPKα2 in the mediobasal hypothalamus (MBH) suppressed the hepatic effects of ip fructose. We also found that fructose increased corticosterone levels through a mechanism that is dependent on hypothalamic AMPK activation. Concomitantly, fructose-stimulated gluconeogenesis, hepatic PEPCK expression, and glucocorticoid receptor binding to the PEPCK gene were suppressed by pharmacological glucocorticoid receptor blockage. Altogether the data presented herein support the hypothesis that fructose-induced hypothalamic AMPK activation stimulates hepatic gluconeogenesis by increasing corticosterone levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrezza Kinote
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas, Alexander Fleming Street, #101, 13084-971Campinas SP, Brazil
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Razolli DS, Solon C, Roman EA, Ignacio-Souza LM, Velloso LA. Hypothalamic action of glutamate leads to body mass reduction through a mechanism partially dependent on JAK2. J Cell Biochem 2012; 113:1182-9. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.23445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Denis RG, Arruda AP, Romanatto T, Milanski M, Coope A, Solon C, Razolli DS, Velloso LA. TNF-α transiently induces endoplasmic reticulum stress and an incomplete unfolded protein response in the hypothalamus. Neuroscience 2010; 170:1035-44. [PMID: 20709159 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2010.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2010] [Revised: 07/17/2010] [Accepted: 08/09/2010] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
In diet-induced obesity, hypothalamic inflammation is triggered as an outcome of prolonged exposure to dietary fats. Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) activation plays a central role in this process, inducing endoplasmic reticulum stress and activating inflammatory cytokine gene transcription. Although saturated fatty acids can induce endoplasmic reticulum stress in the hypothalamus, it is unknown whether inflammatory cytokines alone can activate this mechanism. Here, rats were treated with TNF-α or lyposaccharide (LPS) and endoplasmic reticulum stress and unfolded protein response were evaluated by immunoblot and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Activation of TLR4 by LPS was capable of inducing a complete endoplasmic reticulum stress and unfolded protein response through the PERK/eIF2α and IRE1α/XBP1 pathways. Conversely, TNF-α, injected either locally or systemically, was unable to induce a complete program of unfolded protein response, although the activation of endoplasmic reticulum stress was achieved to a certain degree. Thus, in the hypothalamus, the isolated action of TNF-α is insufficient to produce the activation of a complete program of unfolded protein response.
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Affiliation(s)
- R G Denis
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, University of Campinas, Brazil
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Arruda AP, Milanski M, Romanatto T, Solon C, Coope A, Alberici LC, Festuccia WT, Hirabara SM, Ropelle E, Curi R, Carvalheira JB, Vercesi AE, Velloso LA. Hypothalamic actions of tumor necrosis factor alpha provide the thermogenic core for the wastage syndrome in cachexia. Endocrinology 2010; 151:683-94. [PMID: 19996183 DOI: 10.1210/en.2009-0865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
TNFalpha is an important mediator of catabolism in cachexia. Most of its effects have been characterized in peripheral tissues, such as skeletal muscle and fat. However, by acting directly in the hypothalamus, TNFalpha can activate thermogenesis and modulate food intake. Here we show that high concentration TNFalpha in the hypothalamus leads to increased O(2) consumption/CO(2) production, increased body temperature, and reduced caloric intake, resulting in loss of body mass. Most of the thermogenic response is produced by beta 3-adrenergic signaling to the brown adipose tissue (BAT), leading to increased BAT relative mass, reduction in BAT lipid quantity, and increased BAT mitochondria density. The expression of proteins involved in BAT thermogenesis, such as beta 3-adrenergic receptor, peroxisomal proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator-1 alpha, and uncoupling protein-1, are increased. In the hypothalamus, TNFalpha produces reductions in neuropeptide Y, agouti gene-related peptide, proopiomelanocortin, and melanin-concentrating hormone, and increases CRH and TRH. The activity of the AMP-activated protein kinase signaling pathway is also decreased in the hypothalamus of TNFalpha-treated rats. Upon intracerebroventricular infliximab treatment, tumor-bearing and septic rats present a significantly increased survival. In addition, the systemic inhibition of beta 3-adrenergic signaling results in a reduced body mass loss and increased survival in septic rats. These data suggest hypothalamic TNFalpha action to be important mediator of the wastage syndrome in cachexia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Paula Arruda
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, University of Campinas, 13084-960 Campinas SP, Brazil
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23
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Romanatto T, Roman EA, Arruda AP, Denis RG, Solon C, Milanski M, Moraes JC, Bonfleur ML, Degasperi GR, Picardi PK, Hirabara S, Boschero AC, Curi R, Velloso LA. Deletion of tumor necrosis factor-alpha receptor 1 (TNFR1) protects against diet-induced obesity by means of increased thermogenesis. J Biol Chem 2009; 284:36213-36222. [PMID: 19858212 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109.030874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
In diet-induced obesity, hypothalamic and systemic inflammatory factors trigger intracellular mechanisms that lead to resistance to the main adipostatic hormones, leptin and insulin. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) is one of the main inflammatory factors produced during this process and its mechanistic role as an inducer of leptin and insulin resistance has been widely investigated. Most of TNF-alpha inflammatory signals are delivered by TNF receptor 1 (R1); however, the role played by this receptor in the context of obesity-associated inflammation is not completely known. Here, we show that TNFR1 knock-out (TNFR1 KO) mice are protected from diet-induced obesity due to increased thermogenesis. Under standard rodent chow or a high-fat diet, TNFR1 KO gain significantly less body mass despite increased caloric intake. Visceral adiposity and mean adipocyte diameter are reduced and blood concentrations of insulin and leptin are lower. Protection from hypothalamic leptin resistance is evidenced by increased leptin-induced suppression of food intake and preserved activation of leptin signal transduction through JAK2, STAT3, and FOXO1. Under the high-fat diet, TNFR1 KO mice present a significantly increased expression of the thermogenesis-related neurotransmitter, TRH. Further evidence of increased thermogenesis includes increased O(2) consumption in respirometry measurements, increased expressions of UCP1 and UCP3 in brown adipose tissue and skeletal muscle, respectively, and increased O(2) consumption by isolated skeletal muscle fiber mitochondria. This demonstrates that TNF-alpha signaling through TNFR1 is an important mechanism involved in obesity-associated defective thermogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Talita Romanatto
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, University of Campinas, 13084-761 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Erika A Roman
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, University of Campinas, 13084-761 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana P Arruda
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, University of Campinas, 13084-761 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Raphael G Denis
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, University of Campinas, 13084-761 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carina Solon
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, University of Campinas, 13084-761 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marciane Milanski
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, University of Campinas, 13084-761 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Juliana C Moraes
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, University of Campinas, 13084-761 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria L Bonfleur
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, University of Campinas, 13084-761 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Giovanna R Degasperi
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, University of Campinas, 13084-761 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paty K Picardi
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, University of Campinas, 13084-761 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sandro Hirabara
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of São Paulo, 05508-900 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Antonio C Boschero
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Campinas, 13084-761 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rui Curi
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of São Paulo, 05508-900 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Licio A Velloso
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, University of Campinas, 13084-761 São Paulo, Brazil.
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Degasperi GR, Denis RGP, Morari J, Solon C, Geloneze B, Stabe C, Pareja JC, Vercesi AE, Velloso LA. Reactive oxygen species production is increased in the peripheral blood monocytes of obese patients. Metabolism 2009; 58:1087-95. [PMID: 19439330 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2009.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2009] [Revised: 04/04/2009] [Accepted: 04/07/2009] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Infiltrating macrophages play an important role in the production of inflammatory mediators by the adipose tissue of obese subjects. To reach the adipose tissue, peripheral monocytes are recruited by locally produced chemoattractants. However, little is known about the activation of monocytes in the peripheral blood of obese subjects. The objective of this study was to determine reactive oxygen species and endoplasmic reticulum stress as early markers of monocytic commitment with an inflammatory phenotype in the peripheral blood of nondiabetic obese patients. Patients were recruited from an academic general hospital; controls were voluntary students. Seven lean controls and 6 nondiabetic obese patients were included in the study. Monocytes were prepared from peripheral blood. Immunoblot, flow cytometry, and polymerase chain reaction were used to determine reactive oxygen species and endoplasmic reticulum stress. Increased reactive oxygen species and activation of endoplasmic reticulum stress were detected in the monocytes from obese patients. Reducing endoplasmic reticulum stress with a chemical chaperone reversed monocytic activation, as determined by the reduction of reactive oxygen species production. Thus, monocytes from nondiabetic obese patients are already committed with an inflammatory phenotype in peripheral blood; and reducing endoplasmic reticulum stress negatively modulates their activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna R Degasperi
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Campinas, Campinas-SP 13084-970, Brazil
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