1
|
Li Y, Xin X, Zhou X, Liu J, Liu H, Yuan S, Liu H, Hao W, Sun J, Wang Y, Gong W, Yang M, Li Z, Han Y, Gao C, Yang Y. ROS-responsive biomimetic nanosystem camouflaged by hybrid membranes of platelet-exosomes engineered with neuronal targeting peptide for TBI therapy. J Control Release 2024; 372:531-550. [PMID: 38851535 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2024.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
Recovery and survival following traumatic brain injury (TBI) depends on optimal amelioration of secondary injuries at lesion site. Delivering mitochondria-protecting drugs to neurons may revive damaged neurons at sites secondarily traumatized by TBI. Pioglitazone (PGZ) is a promising candidate for TBI treatment, limited by its low brain accumulation and poor targetability to neurons. Herein, we report a ROS-responsive nanosystem, camouflaged by hybrid membranes of platelets and engineered extracellular vesicles (EVs) (C3-EPm-|TKNPs|), that can be used for targeted delivery of PGZ for TBI therapy. Inspired by intrinsic ability of macrophages for inflammatory chemotaxis, engineered M2-like macrophage-derived EVs were constructed by fusing C3 peptide to EVs membrane integrator protein, Lamp2b, to confer them with ability to target neurons in inflamed lesions. Platelets provided hybridized EPm with capabilities to target hemorrhagic area caused by trauma via surface proteins. Consequently, C3-EPm-|PGZ-TKNPs| were orientedly delivered to neurons located in the traumatized hemisphere after intravenous administration, and triggered the release of PGZ from TKNPs via oxidative stress. The current work demonstrate that C3-EPm-|TKNPs| can effectively deliver PGZ to alleviate mitochondrial damage via mitoNEET for neuroprotection, further reversing behavioral deficits in TBI mice. Our findings provide proof-of-concept evidence of C3-EPm-|TKNPs|-derived nanodrugs as potential clinical approaches against neuroinflammation-related intracranial diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Li
- Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Xin
- Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, People's Republic of China
| | - Xun Zhou
- Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, People's Republic of China; College of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng 475000, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingzhou Liu
- Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, People's Republic of China
| | - Hangbing Liu
- Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, People's Republic of China; School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuo Yuan
- Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, People's Republic of China; School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Hanhan Liu
- Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenyan Hao
- Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiejie Sun
- Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuli Wang
- Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Gong
- Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, People's Republic of China
| | - Meiyan Yang
- Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiping Li
- Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Han
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China.
| | - Chunsheng Gao
- Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yang Yang
- Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Fessel J. Personalized, Precision Medicine to Cure Alzheimer's Dementia: Approach #1. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3909. [PMID: 38612719 PMCID: PMC11012190 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25073909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The goal of the treatment for Alzheimer's dementia (AD) is the cure of dementia. A literature review revealed 18 major elements causing AD and 29 separate medications that address them. For any individual with AD, one is unlikely to discern which major causal elements produced dementia. Thus, for personalized, precision medicine, all causal elements must be treated so that each individual patient will have her or his causal elements addressed. Twenty-nine drugs cannot concomitantly be administered, so triple combinations of drugs taken from that list are suggested, and each triple combination can be administered sequentially, in any order. Ten combinations given over 13 weeks require 2.5 years, or if given over 26 weeks, they require 5.0 years. Such sequential treatment addresses all 18 elements and should cure dementia. In addition, any comorbid risk factors for AD whose first presence or worsening was within ±1 year of when AD first appeared should receive appropriate, standard treatment together with the sequential combinations. The article outlines a randomized clinical trial that is necessary to assess the safety and efficacy of the proposed treatments; it includes a triple-drug Rx for equipoise. Clinical trials should have durations of both 2.5 and 5.0 years unless the data safety monitoring board (DSMB) determines earlier success or futility since it is uncertain whether three or six months of treatment will be curative in humans, although studies in animals suggest that the briefer duration of treatment might be effective and restore defective neural tracts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey Fessel
- Clinical Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, 2069 Filbert Street, San Francisco, CA 94123, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Liu J, Xin X, Sun J, Fan Y, Zhou X, Gong W, Yang M, Li Z, Wang Y, Yang Y, Gao C. Dual-targeting AAV9P1-mediated neuronal reprogramming in a mouse model of traumatic brain injury. Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:629-635. [PMID: 37721294 PMCID: PMC10581548 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.380907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury results in neuronal loss and glial scar formation. Replenishing neurons and eliminating the consequences of glial scar formation are essential for treating traumatic brain injury. Neuronal reprogramming is a promising strategy to convert glial scars to neural tissue. However, previous studies have reported inconsistent results. In this study, an AAV9P1 vector incorporating an astrocyte-targeting P1 peptide and glial fibrillary acidic protein promoter was used to achieve dual-targeting of astrocytes and the glial scar while minimizing off-target effects. The results demonstrate that AAV9P1 provides high selectivity of astrocytes and reactive astrocytes. Moreover, neuronal reprogramming was induced by downregulating the polypyrimidine tract-binding protein 1 gene via systemic administration of AAV9P1 in a mouse model of traumatic brain injury. In summary, this approach provides an improved gene delivery vehicle to study neuronal programming and evidence of its applications for traumatic brain injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingzhou Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Xin
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China
| | - Jiejie Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China
| | - Yueyue Fan
- Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Medical College, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xun Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China
| | - Meiyan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China
| | - Yuli Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China
| | - Chunsheng Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Hubbard WB, Velmurugan GV, Sullivan PG. The role of mitochondrial uncoupling in the regulation of mitostasis after traumatic brain injury. Neurochem Int 2024; 174:105680. [PMID: 38311216 PMCID: PMC10922998 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2024.105680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Mitostasis, the maintenance of healthy mitochondria, plays a critical role in brain health. The brain's high energy demands and reliance on mitochondria for energy production make mitostasis vital for neuronal function. Traumatic brain injury (TBI) disrupts mitochondrial homeostasis, leading to secondary cellular damage, neuronal degeneration, and cognitive deficits. Mild mitochondrial uncoupling, which dissociates ATP production from oxygen consumption, offers a promising avenue for TBI treatment. Accumulating evidence, from endogenous and exogenous mitochondrial uncoupling, suggests that mitostasis is closely regulating by mitochondrial uncoupling and cellular injury environments may be more sensitive to uncoupling. Mitochondrial uncoupling can mitigate calcium overload, reduce oxidative stress, and induce mitochondrial proteostasis and mitophagy, a process that eliminates damaged mitochondria. The interplay between mitochondrial uncoupling and mitostasis is ripe for further investigation in the context of TBI. These multi-faceted mechanisms of action for mitochondrial uncoupling hold promise for TBI therapy, with the potential to restore mitochondrial health, improve neurological outcomes, and prevent long-term TBI-related pathology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- W Brad Hubbard
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA; Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA; Lexington Veterans' Affairs Healthcare System, Lexington, KY, USA.
| | - Gopal V Velmurugan
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA; Department of Neuroscience, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Patrick G Sullivan
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA; Lexington Veterans' Affairs Healthcare System, Lexington, KY, USA; Department of Neuroscience, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Hammer M, Krzyzaniak C, Bahramnejad E, Smelser K, Hack J, Watkins J, Ronaldson P. Sex differences in physiological response to increased neuronal excitability in a knockin mouse model of pediatric epilepsy. Clin Sci (Lond) 2024; 138:205-223. [PMID: 38348743 PMCID: PMC10881277 DOI: 10.1042/cs20231572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epilepsy is a common neurological disease; however, few if any of the currently marketed antiseizure medications prevent or cure epilepsy. Discovery of pathological processes in the early stages of epileptogenesis has been challenging given the common use of preclinical models that induce seizures in physiologically normal animals. Moreover, despite known sex dimorphism in neurological diseases, females are rarely included in preclinical epilepsy models. METHODS We characterized sex differences in mice carrying a pathogenic knockin variant (p.N1768D) in the Scn8a gene that causes spontaneous tonic-clonic seizures (TCs) at ∼3 months of age and found that heterozygous females are more resilient than males in mortality and morbidity. To investigate the cellular mechanisms that underlie female resilience, we utilized blood-brain barrier (BBB) and hippocampal transcriptomic analyses in heterozygous mice before seizure onset (pre-TC) and in mice that experienced ∼20 TCs (post-TC). RESULTS In the pre-TC latent phase, both sexes exhibited leaky BBB; however, patterns of gene expression were sexually dimorphic. Females exhibited enhanced oxidative phosphorylation and protein biogenesis, while males activated gliosis and CREB signaling. After seizure onset (chronic phase), females exhibited a metabolic switch to lipid metabolism, while males exhibited increased gliosis and BBB dysfunction and a strong activation of neuroinflammatory pathways. CONCLUSION The results underscore the central role of oxidative stress and BBB permeability in the early stages of epileptogenesis, as well as sex dimorphism in response to increasing neuronal hyperexcitability. Our results also highlight the need to include both sexes in preclinical studies to effectively translate results of drug efficacy studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael F. Hammer
- BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, U.S.A
- Department of Neurology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, U.S.A
| | | | - Erfan Bahramnejad
- BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, U.S.A
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, U.S.A
| | | | - Joshua B. Hack
- BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, U.S.A
| | - Joseph C. Watkins
- Department of Mathematics, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, U.S.A
| | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Razavi SM, Arab ZN, Niknejad A, Hosseini Y, Fouladi A, Khales SD, Shahali M, Momtaz S, Butler AE, Sukhorukov VN, Jamialahmadi T, Abdolghaffari AH, Sahebkar A. Therapeutic effects of anti-diabetic drugs on traumatic brain injury. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2024; 18:102949. [PMID: 38308863 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2024.102949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
AIMS In this narrative review, we have analyzed and synthesized current studies relating to the effects of anti-diabetic drugs on traumatic brain injury (TBI) complications. METHODS Eligible studies were collected from Scopus, Google Scholar, PubMed, and Cochrane Library for clinical, in-vivo, and in-vitro studies published on the impact of anti-diabetic drugs on TBI. RESULTS Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a serious brain disease that is caused by any type of trauma. The pathophysiology of TBI is not yet fully understood, though physical injury and inflammatory events have been implicated in TBI progression. Several signaling pathways are known to play pivotal roles in TBI injuries, including Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), High mobility group box 1 protein/Nuclear factor kappa B (HMGB1/NF-κB), Adiponectin, Mammalian Target of Rapamycin (mTOR), Toll-Like Receptor (TLR), Wnt/β-catenin, Janus Kinase/Signal Transducers and Activators of Transcription (JAK/STAT), Nod-like receptor protein3 (NLRP3) inflammasome, Phosphoglycerate kinase 1/Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (PGK1/KEAP1)/Nrf2, and Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) . Recent studies suggest that oral anti-diabetic drugs such as biguanides, thiazolidinediones (TZDs), sulfonylureas (SUs), sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2is), dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPPIs), meglitinides, and alpha-glucosidase inhibitors (AGIs) could have beneficial effects in the management of TBI complications. These drugs may downregulate the inflammatory pathways and induce antioxidant signaling pathways, thus alleviating complications of TBI. CONCLUSION Based on this comprehensive literature review, antidiabetic medications might be considered in the TBI treatment protocol. However, evidence from clinical trials in patients with TBI is still warranted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Mehrad Razavi
- Department of Toxicology & Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; GI Pharmacology Interest Group (GPIG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Najafi Arab
- Department of Toxicology & Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; GI Pharmacology Interest Group (GPIG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Niknejad
- Department of Toxicology & Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; GI Pharmacology Interest Group (GPIG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Yasamin Hosseini
- Department of Toxicology & Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; GI Pharmacology Interest Group (GPIG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Abtin Fouladi
- GI Pharmacology Interest Group (GPIG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran; School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saba Darban Khales
- Department of Toxicology & Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; GI Pharmacology Interest Group (GPIG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Mostafa Shahali
- School of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeideh Momtaz
- GI Pharmacology Interest Group (GPIG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran; Medicinal Plants Research Center, Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR, Karaj, Iran; Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, and Toxicology and Diseases Group, Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center (PSRC), The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alexandra E Butler
- Research Department, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland Bahrain, Adliya, Bahrain
| | - Vasily N Sukhorukov
- Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Moscow, Russia; Institute of Experimental Cardiology Named after Academician V.N. Smirnov, Federal State Budgetary Institution National Medical Research Center of Cardiology Named after Academician E.I. Chazov, Moscow, Russia
| | - Tannaz Jamialahmadi
- Medical Toxicology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amir Hossein Abdolghaffari
- Department of Toxicology & Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; GI Pharmacology Interest Group (GPIG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran.
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Zhao Q, Li H, Li H, Zhang J. Research progress on pleiotropic neuroprotective drugs for traumatic brain injury. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1185533. [PMID: 37475717 PMCID: PMC10354289 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1185533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) has become one of the most important causes of death and disability worldwide. A series of neuroinflammatory responses induced after TBI are key factors for persistent neuronal damage, but at the same time, such inflammatory responses can also promote debris removal and tissue repair after TBI. The concept of pleiotropic neuroprotection delves beyond the single-target treatment approach, considering the multifaceted impacts following TBI. This notion embarks deeper into the research-oriented treatment paradigm, focusing on multi-target interventions that inhibit post-TBI neuroinflammation with enhanced therapeutic efficacy. With an enriched comprehension of TBI's physiological mechanisms, this review dissects the advancements in developing pleiotropic neuroprotective pharmaceuticals to mitigate TBI. The aim is to provide insights that may contribute to the early clinical management of the condition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qinghui Zhao
- Institute of Physical Culture, Huanghuai University, Zhumadian, China
| | - Huige Li
- Institute of Physical Culture, Huanghuai University, Zhumadian, China
| | - Hongru Li
- Zhumadian Central Hospital, Zhumadian, China
| | - Jianhua Zhang
- Institute of Physical Culture, Huanghuai University, Zhumadian, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Hubbard WB, Vekaria HJ, Kalimon OJ, Spry ML, Brown EP, Kilbaugh TJ, Sullivan PG. Pioglitazone restores mitochondrial function but does not spare cortical tissue following mild brain contusion. Brain Commun 2023; 5:fcad032. [PMID: 36879917 PMCID: PMC9985333 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcad032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Pioglitazone interacts through the mitochondrial protein mitoNEET to improve brain bioenergetics following traumatic brain injury. To provide broader evidence regarding the therapeutic effects of pioglitazone after traumatic brain injury, the current study is focused on immediate and delayed therapy in a model of mild brain contusion. To assess pioglitazone therapy on mitochondrial bioenergetics in cortex and hippocampus, we use a technique to isolate subpopulations of total, glia-enriched and synaptic mitochondria. Pioglitazone treatment was initially administered at either 0.25, 3, 12 or 24 h following mild controlled cortical impact. At 48 h post-injury, ipsilateral cortex and hippocampus were dissected and mitochondrial fractions were isolated. Maximal mitochondrial respiration injury-induced deficits were observed in total and synaptic fractions, and 0.25 h pioglitazone treatment following mild controlled cortical impact was able to restore respiration to sham levels. While there are no injury-induced deficits in hippocampal fractions, we do find that 3 h pioglitazone treatment after mild controlled cortical impact can significantly increase maximal mitochondrial bioenergetics compared to vehicle-treated mild controlled cortical impact group. However, delayed pioglitazone treatment initiated at either 3 or 24 h after mild brain contusion does not improve spared cortical tissue. We demonstrate that synaptic mitochondrial deficits following mild focal brain contusion can be restored with early initiation of pioglitazone treatment. Further investigation is needed to determine functional improvements with pioglitazone beyond that of overt cortical tissue sparing following mild contusion traumatic brain injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- W Brad Hubbard
- Lexington Veterans’ Affairs Healthcare System, Lexington, KY 40502, USA
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Hemendra J Vekaria
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Olivia J Kalimon
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Malinda L Spry
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Emily P Brown
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Todd J Kilbaugh
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Patrick G Sullivan
- Lexington Veterans’ Affairs Healthcare System, Lexington, KY 40502, USA
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Wang R, Zhang P, Wang J, Ma L, E W, Suo S, Jiang M, Li J, Chen H, Sun H, Fei L, Zhou Z, Zhou Y, Chen Y, Zhang W, Wang X, Mei Y, Sun Z, Yu C, Shao J, Fu Y, Xiao Y, Ye F, Fang X, Wu H, Guo Q, Fang X, Li X, Gao X, Wang D, Xu PF, Zeng R, Xu G, Zhu L, Wang L, Qu J, Zhang D, Ouyang H, Huang H, Chen M, NG SC, Liu GH, Yuan GC, Guo G, Han X. Construction of a cross-species cell landscape at single-cell level. Nucleic Acids Res 2023; 51:501-516. [PMID: 35929025 PMCID: PMC9881150 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkac633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Individual cells are basic units of life. Despite extensive efforts to characterize the cellular heterogeneity of different organisms, cross-species comparisons of landscape dynamics have not been achieved. Here, we applied single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) to map organism-level cell landscapes at multiple life stages for mice, zebrafish and Drosophila. By integrating the comprehensive dataset of > 2.6 million single cells, we constructed a cross-species cell landscape and identified signatures and common pathways that changed throughout the life span. We identified structural inflammation and mitochondrial dysfunction as the most common hallmarks of organism aging, and found that pharmacological activation of mitochondrial metabolism alleviated aging phenotypes in mice. The cross-species cell landscape with other published datasets were stored in an integrated online portal-Cell Landscape. Our work provides a valuable resource for studying lineage development, maturation and aging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Renying Wang
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, and Bone Marrow Transplantation Center of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310000, China
| | - Peijing Zhang
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, and Bone Marrow Transplantation Center of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310000, China
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, 311121, China
| | - Jingjing Wang
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, and Bone Marrow Transplantation Center of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310000, China
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, 311121, China
| | - Lifeng Ma
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, and Bone Marrow Transplantation Center of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310000, China
| | - Weigao E
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, and Bone Marrow Transplantation Center of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310000, China
| | | | - Mengmeng Jiang
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, and Bone Marrow Transplantation Center of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310000, China
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, 311121, China
| | - Jiaqi Li
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, and Bone Marrow Transplantation Center of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310000, China
| | - Haide Chen
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, and Bone Marrow Transplantation Center of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310000, China
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, 311121, China
| | - Huiyu Sun
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, and Bone Marrow Transplantation Center of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310000, China
| | - Lijiang Fei
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, and Bone Marrow Transplantation Center of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310000, China
| | - Ziming Zhou
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, and Bone Marrow Transplantation Center of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310000, China
| | - Yincong Zhou
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics (Ministry of Education), Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, PR China
| | - Weiqi Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Xinru Wang
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, and Bone Marrow Transplantation Center of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310000, China
| | - Yuqing Mei
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, and Bone Marrow Transplantation Center of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310000, China
| | - Zhongyi Sun
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, and Bone Marrow Transplantation Center of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310000, China
| | - Chengxuan Yu
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, and Bone Marrow Transplantation Center of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310000, China
| | - Jikai Shao
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, and Bone Marrow Transplantation Center of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310000, China
| | - Yuting Fu
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, and Bone Marrow Transplantation Center of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310000, China
| | - Yanyu Xiao
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, and Bone Marrow Transplantation Center of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310000, China
| | - Fang Ye
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, and Bone Marrow Transplantation Center of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310000, China
| | - Xing Fang
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, and Bone Marrow Transplantation Center of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310000, China
| | - Hanyu Wu
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, and Bone Marrow Transplantation Center of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310000, China
| | - Qile Guo
- Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 314400, China
| | - Xiunan Fang
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, and Bone Marrow Transplantation Center of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310000, China
| | - Xia Li
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, and Bone Marrow Transplantation Center of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310000, China
| | - Xianzhi Gao
- Institute of Immunology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Dan Wang
- Women's Hospital, and Institute of Genetics, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Peng-Fei Xu
- Women's Hospital, and Institute of Genetics, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Rui Zeng
- Division of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Gang Xu
- Division of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Lijun Zhu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Aging and Physic-chemical Injury Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Lie Wang
- Institute of Immunology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jing Qu
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Dan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics (Ministry of Education), Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, PR China
| | - Hongwei Ouyang
- Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 314400, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - He Huang
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, and Bone Marrow Transplantation Center of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310000, China
| | - Ming Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Shyh-Chang NG
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Guang-Hui Liu
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Guo-Cheng Yuan
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NY, NY 10029, USA
| | - Guoji Guo
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, and Bone Marrow Transplantation Center of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310000, China
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, 311121, China
- Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 314400, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Xiaoping Han
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, and Bone Marrow Transplantation Center of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310000, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Qin J, Ma Z, Chen X, Shu S. Microglia activation in central nervous system disorders: A review of recent mechanistic investigations and development efforts. Front Neurol 2023; 14:1103416. [PMID: 36959826 PMCID: PMC10027711 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1103416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Microglia are the principal resident immune cells in the central nervous system (CNS) and play important roles in the development of CNS disorders. In recent years, there have been significant developments in our understanding of microglia, and we now have greater insight into the temporal and spatial patterns of microglia activation in a variety of CNS disorders, as well as the interactions between microglia and neurons. A variety of signaling pathways have been implicated. However, to date, all published clinical trials have failed to demonstrate efficacy over placebo. This review summarizes the results of recent important studies and attempts to provide a mechanistic view of microglia activation, inflammation, tissue repair, and CNS disorders.
Collapse
|
11
|
Patel SP, Michael FM, Gollihue JL, Brad Hubbard W, Sullivan PG, Rabchevsky AG. Delivery of mitoceuticals or respiratory competent mitochondria to sites of neurotrauma. Mitochondrion 2023; 68:10-14. [PMID: 36371072 PMCID: PMC9805511 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2022.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we review evidence that targeting mitochondrial dysfunction with 'mitoceuticals' is an effective neuroprotective strategy following neurotrauma, and that isolated exogenous mitochondria can be effectively transplanted into host spinal cord parenchyma to increase overall cellular metabolism. We further discuss control measures to ensure greatest potential for mitochondrial transfer, notably using erodible thermogelling hydrogels to deliver respiratory competent mitochondria to the injured spinal cord.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samir P Patel
- University of Kentucky, Spinal Cord & Brain Injury Research Center, United States; Departments of Physiology & Neuroscience, College of Medicine, Lexington, KY 40536-0509, United States
| | - Felicia M Michael
- University of Kentucky, Spinal Cord & Brain Injury Research Center, United States; Departments of Physiology & Neuroscience, College of Medicine, Lexington, KY 40536-0509, United States
| | - Jenna L Gollihue
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, College of Medicine, Lexington, KY 40536-0230, United States
| | - W Brad Hubbard
- University of Kentucky, Spinal Cord & Brain Injury Research Center, United States; Lexington VA Healthcare System, Lexington, KY 40502, United States
| | - Patrick G Sullivan
- Departments of Physiology & Neuroscience, College of Medicine, Lexington, KY 40536-0509, United States; Lexington VA Healthcare System, Lexington, KY 40502, United States
| | - Alexander G Rabchevsky
- University of Kentucky, Spinal Cord & Brain Injury Research Center, United States; Departments of Physiology & Neuroscience, College of Medicine, Lexington, KY 40536-0509, United States; Lexington VA Healthcare System, Lexington, KY 40502, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Tahamtan M, Aghaei I, Shabani M, Nazari A, Pooladvand V, Razavinasab M. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ doesn't modify altered electrophysiological properties of the CA1 pyramidal neurons in a rat model of hepatic cirrhosis. Metab Brain Dis 2022; 37:2687-2697. [PMID: 35943675 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-022-01057-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Regarding the low quality of life due to the cognitive complications in the patients with hepatic cirrhosis (HC), the goal of this study was to examine the possible neuroprotective effect of pioglitazone (PIO) on the electrophysiological alterations of hippocampus, a major area of cognition, in the experimental model of bile duct ligation (BDL). We used adult male Wistar rats in the present study to perform BDL or sham surgery. Pioglitazone was administered in BDL rats two weeks after the surgery for the next continuous four weeks. The effects of pioglitazone on BDL-induced electrophysiological alterations of the CA1 pyramidal neurons in the hippocampus were evaluated by whole-cell patch clamp recordings. Our findings demonstrated that chronic administration of PIO could not reverse the electrophysiological changes in the CA1 pyramidal neurons of the hippocampus in BDL rats but could improve the hepatic dysfunction.Together, the results of this study suggest that PIO administration cannot counteract altered intrinsic properties of the hippocampal neurons which has been shown recently as an involved mechanism of the cognitive impairments in hepatic encephalopathy (HE).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mahshid Tahamtan
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Iraj Aghaei
- Neuroscience Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Mohammad Shabani
- Neuroscience Research Center, Neuropharmacology Institute, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, 76198-13159, Kerman, Iran.
| | - Abbas Nazari
- Department of Biology, Shiraz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Vahid Pooladvand
- Biochemical Department, Jiroft University of Medical Sciences, Jiroft, Iran
| | - Moazamehosadat Razavinasab
- Neuroscience Research Center, Neuropharmacology Institute, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, 76198-13159, Kerman, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Dodd WS, Panther EJ, Pierre K, Hernandez JS, Patel D, Lucke-Wold B. Traumatic Brain Injury and Secondary Neurodegenerative Disease. TRAUMA CARE 2022; 2:510-522. [PMID: 36211982 PMCID: PMC9541088 DOI: 10.3390/traumacare2040042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a devastating event with severe long-term complications. TBI and its sequelae are one of the leading causes of death and disability in those under 50 years old. The full extent of secondary brain injury is still being intensely investigated; however, it is now clear that neurotrauma can incite chronic neurodegenerative processes. Chronic traumatic encephalopathy, Parkinson's disease, and many other neurodegenerative syndromes have all been associated with a history of traumatic brain injury. The complex nature of these pathologies can make clinical assessment, diagnosis, and treatment challenging. The goal of this review is to provide a concise appraisal of the literature with focus on emerging strategies to improve clinical outcomes. First, we review the pathways involved in the pathogenesis of neurotrauma-related neurodegeneration and discuss the clinical implications of this rapidly evolving field. Next, because clinical evaluation and neuroimaging are essential to the diagnosis and management of neurodegenerative diseases, we analyze the clinical investigations that are transforming these areas of research. Finally, we briefly review some of the preclinical therapies that have shown the most promise in improving outcomes after neurotrauma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- William S. Dodd
- Department of Neurosurgery, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Eric J. Panther
- Department of Neurosurgery, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Kevin Pierre
- Department of Neurosurgery, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Jairo S. Hernandez
- Department of Neurosurgery, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Devan Patel
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
| | - Brandon Lucke-Wold
- Department of Neurosurgery, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Li L, Pan G, Fan R, Li D, Guo L, Ma L, Liang H, Qiu J. Luteolin alleviates inflammation and autophagy of hippocampus induced by cerebral ischemia/reperfusion by activating PPAR gamma in rats. BMC Complement Med Ther 2022; 22:176. [PMID: 35778706 PMCID: PMC9248165 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-022-03652-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Luteolin, a flavonoid compound with anti-inflammatory activity, has been reported to alleviate cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. However, its potential mechanism remains unclear. Methods The binding activity of luteolin to peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) was calculated via molecular docking analysis. Rats were subjected to middle cerebral artery occlusion and reperfusion (MCAO/R). After reperfusion, vehicle, 25 mg/kg/d luteolin, 50 mg/kg/d luteolin, 10 mg/kg/d pioglitazone, 50 mg/kg/d luteolin combined with 10 mg/kg/d T0070907 (PPARγ inhibitor) were immediately orally treatment for 7 days. ELISA, TTC staining, H&E staining, immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence and transmission electron microscope methods were performed to evaluate the inflammation and autophagy in damaged hippocampal region. The PPARγ, light chain 3 (LC3) B-II/LC3B-I and p-nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) p65 proteins expression levels in damaged hippocampal region were analyzed. Results Luteolin showed good PPARγ activity according to docking score (score = − 8.2). Luteolin treatment downregulated the infarct area and the pro-inflammatory cytokines levels caused by MCAO/R injury. Moreover, luteolin administration ameliorated neuroinflammation and autophagy in damaged hippocampal region. Pioglitazone plays protective roles similar to luteolin. T0070907 concealed the neuroprotective roles of 50 mg/kg/d luteolin. Conclusions Luteolin exerts neuroprotective roles against inflammation and autophagy of hippocampus induced by cerebral I/R by activating PPARγ in rats. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12906-022-03652-8.
Collapse
|
15
|
Alhowail A, Alsikhan R, Alsaud M, Aldubayan M, Rabbani SI. Protective Effects of Pioglitazone on Cognitive Impairment and the Underlying Mechanisms: A Review of Literature. Drug Des Devel Ther 2022; 16:2919-2931. [PMID: 36068789 PMCID: PMC9441149 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s367229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Alhowail
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraydah, Al Qassim, 52452, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: Ahmad Alhowail, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraydah, Al Qassim, 52452, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Tel +9665672025858, Email
| | - Rawan Alsikhan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraydah, Al Qassim, 52452, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Unaizah College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Unaizah, Al Qassim, 51911, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - May Alsaud
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraydah, Al Qassim, 52452, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Maha Aldubayan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraydah, Al Qassim, 52452, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Syed Imam Rabbani
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraydah, Al Qassim, 52452, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Neuroprotective and Anti-inflammatory Effects of Pioglitazone on Traumatic Brain Injury. Mediators Inflamm 2022; 2022:9860855. [PMID: 35757108 PMCID: PMC9232315 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9860855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is still a major cause of concern for public health, and out of all the trauma-related injuries, it makes the highest contribution to death and disability worldwide. Patients of TBI continue to suffer from brain injury through an intricate flow of primary and secondary injury events. However, when treatment is provided in a timely manner, there is a significant window of opportunity to avoid a few of the serious effects. Pioglitazone (PG), which has a neuroprotective impact and can decrease inflammation after TBI, activates peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARγ). The objective of the study is to examine the existing literature to assess the neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory impact of PG in TBI. It also discusses the part played by microglia and cytokines in TBI. According to the findings of this study, PG has the ability to enhance neurobehavior, decrease brain edema and neuronal injury following TBI. To achieve the protective impact of PG the following was required: (1) stimulating PPARγ; (2) decreasing oxidative stress; (3) decreasing nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), interleukin 6 (IL-6), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and C-C motif chemokine ligand 20 (CCL20) expression; (4) limiting the increase in the number of activated microglia; and (5) reducing mitochondrial dysfunction. The findings indicate that when PIG is used clinically, it may serve as a neuroprotective anti-inflammatory approach in TBI.
Collapse
|
17
|
Regulation of Neuroinflammatory Signaling by PPARγ Agonist in Mouse Model of Diabetes. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23105502. [PMID: 35628311 PMCID: PMC9141386 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Many relevant studies, as well as clinical practice, confirm that untreated diabetes predisposes the development of neuroinflammation and cognitive impairment. Having regard for the fact that PPARγ are widely distributed in the brain and PPARγ ligands may regulate the inflammatory process, the anti-inflammatory potential of the PPARγ agonist, pioglitazone, was assessed in a mouse model of neuroinflammation related with diabetes. In this regard, the biochemical and molecular indicators of neuroinflammation were determined in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex of diabetes mice. The levels of cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF) and the expression of genes (Tnfrsf1a and Cav1) were measured. In addition, behavioral tests such as the open field test, the hole-board test, and the novel object recognition test were conducted. A 14-day treatment with pioglitazone significantly decreased IL-6 and TNFα levels in the prefrontal cortex and led to the downregulation of Tnfrsf1a expression and the upregulation of Cav1 expression in both brain regions of diabetic mice. Pioglitazone, by targeting neuroinflammatory signaling, improved memory and exploratory activity in behavioral tests. The present study provided a potential theoretical basis and therapeutic target for the treatment of neuroinflammation associated with diabetes. Pioglitazone may provide a promising therapeutic strategy in diabetes patients with muffled of behavioral activity.
Collapse
|
18
|
Mansour RM, El Sayed NS, Ahmed MAE, El-Sahar AE. Addressing Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-gamma in 3-Nitropropionic Acid-Induced Striatal Neurotoxicity in Rats. Mol Neurobiol 2022; 59:4368-4383. [PMID: 35553009 PMCID: PMC9167199 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-022-02856-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Telmisartan (TEL) is an angiotensin II type 1 receptor blocker and a partial activator of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARγ), which regulates inflammatory and apoptotic pathways. Increasing evidence has demonstrated the PPARγ agonistic property of TEL in several brain disorders. This study aims to explore the neuroprotective impact of TEL in 3-nitropropionic acid (3-NP)-induced neurotoxicity in rats. The PPARγ effect of TEL was affirmed by using the PPARγ agonist pioglitazone (PIO), and the antagonist GW9662. 3-NP led to a significant reduction in body weight alongside motor and cognitive functioning. The striata of the 3-NP-treated rats showed energy-deficit, microglia-mediated inflammatory reactions, apoptotic damage as well as histopathological lesions. PIO and TEL improved motor and cognitive perturbations induced by 3-NP, as confirmed by striatal histopathological examination, energy restoration, and neuronal preservation. Both drugs improved mitochondrial biogenesis evidenced by elevated mRNA expression of PPARγ, PGC-1α, and TFAM, alongside increased striatal ATP and SDH. The mitochondrial effect of TEL was beyond PPARγ activation. As well, their anti-inflammatory effect was attributed to suppression of microglial activation, and protein expression of pS536 p65 NF-κB with marked attenuation of striatal inflammatory mediator's release. Anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 expression was concurrently increased. TEL effectively participated in neuronal survival as it promoted phosphorylation of Akt/GSK-3β, further increased Bcl-2 expression, and inhibited cleavage of caspase-3. Interestingly, co-treatment with GW9662 partially revoked the beneficial effects of TEL. These findings recommend that TEL improves motor and cognitive performance, while reducing neuronal inflammation and apoptosis in 3-NP-induced neurotoxicity via a PPARγ-dependent mechanism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Riham M Mansour
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Manufacturing, Misr University for Science and Technology (MUST), 6Th of October City, Giza, Egypt.
| | - Nesrine S El Sayed
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini Street, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Maha A E Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Manufacturing, Misr University for Science and Technology (MUST), 6Th of October City, Giza, Egypt
| | - Ayman E El-Sahar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini Street, Cairo, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Hubbard WB, Spry ML, Gooch JL, Cloud AL, Vekaria HJ, Burden S, Powell DK, Berkowitz BA, Geldenhuys WJ, Harris NG, Sullivan PG. Clinically relevant mitochondrial-targeted therapy improves chronic outcomes after traumatic brain injury. Brain 2021; 144:3788-3807. [PMID: 34972207 PMCID: PMC8719838 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awab341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Pioglitazone, an FDA-approved compound, has been shown to target the novel mitochondrial protein mitoNEET and produce short-term neuroprotection and functional benefits following traumatic brain injury. To expand on these findings, we now investigate the dose- and time-dependent effects of pioglitazone administration on mitochondrial function after experimental traumatic brain injury. We then hypothesize that optimal pioglitazone dosing will lead to ongoing neuroprotection and cognitive benefits that are dependent on pioglitazone-mitoNEET signalling pathways. We show that delayed intervention is significantly more effective than early intervention at improving acute mitochondrial bioenergetics in the brain after traumatic brain injury. In corroboration, we demonstrate that mitoNEET is more heavily expressed, especially near the cortical contusion, in the 18 h following traumatic brain injury. To explore whether these findings relate to ongoing pathological and behavioural outcomes, mice received controlled cortical impact followed by initiation of pioglitazone treatment at either 3 or 18 h post-injury. Mice with treatment initiation at 18 h post-injury exhibited significantly improved behaviour and tissue sparing compared to mice with pioglitazone initiated at 3 h post-injury. Further using mitoNEET knockout mice, we show that this therapeutic effect is dependent on mitoNEET. Finally, we demonstrate that delayed pioglitazone treatment improves serial motor and cognitive performance in conjunction with attenuated brain atrophy after traumatic brain injury. This study illustrates that mitoNEET is the critical target for delayed pioglitazone intervention after traumatic brain injury, mitochondrial-targeting is highly time-dependent after injury and there is an extended therapeutic window to effectively treat mitochondrial dysfunction after brain injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- W Brad Hubbard
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40508, USA
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40508, USA
- Lexington VA Healthcare System, Lexington, KY 40502, USA
| | - Malinda L Spry
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Jennifer L Gooch
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Amber L Cloud
- College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40508, USA
| | - Hemendra J Vekaria
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Shawn Burden
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - David K Powell
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40508, USA
| | - Bruce A Berkowitz
- Department of Ophthalmology, Visual and Anatomical Sciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | - Werner J Geldenhuys
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
| | - Neil G Harris
- UCLA Brain Injury Research Center, Department of Neurosurgery, and Intellectual Development and Disabilities Research Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Patrick G Sullivan
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40508, USA
- Lexington VA Healthcare System, Lexington, KY 40502, USA
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Singh LN, Kao SH, Wallace DC. Unlocking the Complexity of Mitochondrial DNA: A Key to Understanding Neurodegenerative Disease Caused by Injury. Cells 2021; 10:cells10123460. [PMID: 34943968 PMCID: PMC8715673 DOI: 10.3390/cells10123460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disorders that are triggered by injury typically have variable and unpredictable outcomes due to the complex and multifactorial cascade of events following the injury and during recovery. Hence, several factors beyond the initial injury likely contribute to the disease progression and pathology, and among these are genetic factors. Genetics is a recognized factor in determining the outcome of common neurodegenerative diseases. The role of mitochondrial genetics and function in traditional neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases, is well-established. Much less is known about mitochondrial genetics, however, regarding neurodegenerative diseases that result from injuries such as traumatic brain injury and ischaemic stroke. We discuss the potential role of mitochondrial DNA genetics in the progression and outcome of injury-related neurodegenerative diseases. We present a guide for understanding mitochondrial genetic variation, along with the nuances of quantifying mitochondrial DNA variation. Evidence supporting a role for mitochondrial DNA as a risk factor for neurodegenerative disease is also reviewed and examined. Further research into the impact of mitochondrial DNA on neurodegenerative disease resulting from injury will likely offer key insights into the genetic factors that determine the outcome of these diseases together with potential targets for treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Larry N. Singh
- Center for Mitochondrial and Epigenomic Medicine, Division of Human Genetics, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA;
- Correspondence:
| | - Shih-Han Kao
- Resuscitation Science Center, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA;
| | - Douglas C. Wallace
- Center for Mitochondrial and Epigenomic Medicine, Division of Human Genetics, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA;
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Human Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Katsuki H. Nuclear receptors of NR1 and NR4 subfamilies in the regulation of microglial functions and pathology. Pharmacol Res Perspect 2021; 9:e00766. [PMID: 34676987 PMCID: PMC8532137 DOI: 10.1002/prp2.766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
This review provides an overview of researches on the NR1 and NR4 nuclear receptors involved in the regulation of microglial functions. Nuclear receptors are attractive candidates for drug targets in the therapies of the central nervous system disorders, because the activation of these receptors is expected to regulate the functions and the phenotypes of microglia, by controlling the expression of specific gene subsets and also by regulating the cellular signaling mechanisms in a nongenomic manner. Several members of NR1 nuclear receptor subfamily have been examined for their ability to regulate microglial functions. For example, stimulation of vitamin D receptor inhibits the production of pro-inflammatory factors and increases the production of anti-inflammatory cytokines. Similar regulatory actions of nuclear receptor ligands on inflammation-related genes have also been reported for other NR1 members such as retinoic acid receptors, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs), and liver X receptors (LXRs). In addition, stimulation of PPARγ and LXRs may also result in increased phagocytic activities of microglia. Consistent with these actions, the agonists at nuclear receptors of NR1 subfamily are shown to produce therapeutic effects on animal models of various neurological disorders such as experimental allergic encephalomyelitis, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and ischemic/hemorrhagic stroke. On the other hand, increasing lines of evidence suggest that the stimulation of NR4 subfamily members of nuclear receptors such as Nur77 and Nurr1 also regulates microglial functions and alleviates neuropathological events in several disease models. Further advancement of these research fields may prove novel therapeutic opportunities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Katsuki
- Department of Chemico‐Pharmacological SciencesGraduate School of Pharmaceutical SciencesKumamoto UniversityKumamotoJapan
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Zhu D, Gao F, Chen C. Endocannabinoid Metabolism and Traumatic Brain Injury. Cells 2021; 10:cells10112979. [PMID: 34831202 PMCID: PMC8616221 DOI: 10.3390/cells10112979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) represents a major cause of morbidity and disability and is a risk factor for developing neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease (AD). However, no effective therapies are currently available for TBI-induced AD-like disease. Endocannabinoids are endogenous lipid mediators involved in a variety of physiological and pathological processes. The compound 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) is the most abundant endocannabinoid with profound anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective properties. This molecule is predominantly metabolized by monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL), a key enzyme degrading about 85% of 2-AG in the brain. Studies using animal models of inflammation, AD, and TBI provide evidence that inactivation of MAGL, which augments 2-AG signaling and reduces its metabolites, exerts neuroprotective effects, suggesting that MAGL is a promising therapeutic target for neurodegenerative diseases. In this short review, we provide an overview of the inhibition of 2-AG metabolism for the alleviation of neuropathology and the improvement of synaptic and cognitive functions after TBI.
Collapse
|
23
|
Ketogenic diet reduces early mortality following traumatic brain injury in Drosophila via the PPARγ ortholog Eip75B. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0258873. [PMID: 34699541 PMCID: PMC8547619 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0258873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a common neurological disorder whose outcomes vary widely depending on a variety of environmental factors, including diet. Using a Drosophila melanogaster TBI model that reproduces key aspects of TBI in humans, we previously found that the diet consumed immediately following a primary brain injury has a substantial effect on the incidence of mortality within 24 h (early mortality). Flies that receive equivalent primary injuries have a higher incidence of early mortality when fed high-carbohydrate diets versus water. Here, we report that flies fed high-fat ketogenic diet (KD) following TBI exhibited early mortality that was equivalent to that of flies fed water and that flies protected from early mortality by KD continued to show survival benefits weeks later. KD also has beneficial effects in mammalian TBI models, indicating that the mechanism of action of KD is evolutionarily conserved. To probe the mechanism, we examined the effect of KD in flies mutant for Eip75B, an ortholog of the transcription factor PPARγ (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma) that contributes to the mechanism of action of KD and has neuroprotective effects in mammalian TBI models. We found that the incidence of early mortality of Eip75B mutant flies was higher when they were fed KD than when they were fed water following TBI. These data indicate that Eip75B/PPARγ is necessary for the beneficial effects of KD following TBI. In summary, this work provides the first evidence that KD activates PPARγ to reduce deleterious outcomes of TBI and it demonstrates the utility of the fly TBI model for dissecting molecular pathways that contribute to heterogeneity in TBI outcomes.
Collapse
|
24
|
Neurogenic Potential of the 18-kDa Mitochondrial Translocator Protein (TSPO) in Pluripotent P19 Stem Cells. Cells 2021; 10:cells10102784. [PMID: 34685764 PMCID: PMC8534396 DOI: 10.3390/cells10102784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The 18-kDa translocator protein (TSPO) is a key mitochondrial target by which different TSPO ligands exert neuroprotective effects. We assayed the neurogenic potential of TSPO to induce the neuronal differentiation of pluripotent P19 stem cells in vitro. We studied changes in cell morphology, cell proliferation, cell death, the cell cycle, mitochondrial functionality, and the levels of pluripotency and neurogenesis of P19 stem cells treated with the TSPO ligand, PK 11195, in comparison to differentiation induced by retinoid acid (RA) and undifferentiated P19 stem cells. We observed that PK 11195 was able to activate the differentiation of P19 stem cells by promoting the development of embryoid bodies. PK 11195 also induced changes in the cell cycle, decreased cell proliferation, and activated cell death. Mitochondrial metabolism was also enhanced by PK 11195, thus increasing the levels of reactive oxygen species, Ca2+, and ATP as well as the mitochondrial membrane potential. Markers of pluripotency and neurogenesis were also altered during the cell differentiation process, as PK 11195 induced the differentiation of P19 stem cells with a high predisposition toward a neuronal linage, compared to cell differentiation induced by RA. Thus, we suggest a relevant neurogenic potential of TSPO along with broad therapeutic implications.
Collapse
|
25
|
Zhao X, Liu S, Yang X, Liu Y, Liu G, Fan K, Ma J. Cathepsin C aggravates neuroinflammation via promoting production of CCL2 and CXCL2 in glial cells and neurons in a cryogenic brain lesion. Neurochem Int 2021; 148:105107. [PMID: 34171415 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2021.105107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Chemokines regulate infiltration of immune cells to brain in inflammation. Cathepsin C (CatC), a lysosomal protease, has been found to participate in neuroinflammation. However, how CatC affects chemokines expression in neuroinflammation triggered by traumatic brain injury (TBI) remains unclear. Here, we investigated the effects of CatC on chemokines and neuroinflammation in TBI. METHODS The present study used CatC knockdown (KD) and overexpression (OE) mice to generate cryogenic brain lesion model and determined effects of CatC on expression of chemokines CCL2, CCL5 and CXCL2 and infiltration of immune cells in acute and chronic phases of the lesion. Further, cellular sources of various chemokines were demonstrated in vitro. Values were compared with wild type (WT) mice. RESULTS The results found that 6 h after lesion, CatC expression,IL-1β and TNF-α mRNA and protein expression were strongly induced in the lesions; CCL2 and CXCL2 mRNA and protein expression were increased in CatC OE mice, while decreased in CatC KD mice. On the 3rd day after lesion, macrophages and neutrophils were mainly infiltrated to the lesions. Simultaneously, Iba-1+ cells in CatC OE mice were increased, while MPO + cells in CatC KD mice were decreased. In contrast, on the 28th day after lesion, a few lymphocytes were infiltrated surrounding new blood vessels. CatC OE mice showed larger volumes of scar areas, higher expression of CCL2,CXCL2,IL-1β,TNF-α,IL-6 and iNOS, as well as stronger GFAP+ and Iba-1+ signals, while CatC KD mice had reversed effects. No significant differences of CCL5 expression were found in various genotype mice. Further, in vitro study demonstrated CatC-induced expression of CCL2 were mainly derived from microglia and neurons, while CXCL2 derived from microglia and astrocytes. CONCLUSION Our data indicate that CatC aggravates neuroinflammation via promoting production of CCL2 and CXCL2 in glial cells and neurons in a cryogenic brain lesion, providing potential cellular and molecular targets for future intervention of TBI and other neuroinflammatory diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinnan Zhao
- Department of Anatomy, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China.
| | - Shuang Liu
- Department of Anatomy, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China.
| | - Xiaohan Yang
- Department of Morphology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China.
| | - Yanna Liu
- Department of Anatomy, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China.
| | - Gang Liu
- Department of Anatomy, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China.
| | - Kai Fan
- Department of Anatomy, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China.
| | - Jianmei Ma
- Department of Anatomy, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China; National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Drug-Research and Development (R&D) of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Michinaga S, Koyama Y. Pathophysiological Responses and Roles of Astrocytes in Traumatic Brain Injury. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22126418. [PMID: 34203960 PMCID: PMC8232783 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is immediate damage caused by a blow to the head resulting from traffic accidents, falls, and sporting activity, which causes death or serious disabilities in survivors. TBI induces multiple secondary injuries, including neuroinflammation, disruption of the blood–brain barrier (BBB), and brain edema. Despite these emergent conditions, current therapies for TBI are limited or insufficient in some cases. Although several candidate drugs exerted beneficial effects in TBI animal models, most of them failed to show significant effects in clinical trials. Multiple studies have suggested that astrocytes play a key role in the pathogenesis of TBI. Increased reactive astrocytes and astrocyte-derived factors are commonly observed in both TBI patients and experimental animal models. Astrocytes have beneficial and detrimental effects on TBI, including promotion and restriction of neurogenesis and synaptogenesis, acceleration and suppression of neuroinflammation, and disruption and repair of the BBB via multiple bioactive factors. Additionally, astrocytic aquaporin-4 is involved in the formation of cytotoxic edema. Thus, astrocytes are attractive targets for novel therapeutic drugs for TBI, although astrocyte-targeting drugs have not yet been developed. This article reviews recent observations of the roles of astrocytes and expected astrocyte-targeting drugs in TBI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shotaro Michinaga
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, 2-522-1 Noshio, Kiyose, Tokyo 204-8588, Japan;
| | - Yutaka Koyama
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, 4-19-1 Motoyama-Kita Higashinada, Kobe 668-8558, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-78-441-7572
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Lerouet D, Marchand-Leroux C, Besson VC. Neuropharmacology in traumatic brain injury: from preclinical to clinical neuroprotection? Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2021; 35:524-538. [PMID: 33527472 PMCID: PMC9290810 DOI: 10.1111/fcp.12656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) constitutes a major health problem worldwide and is a leading cause of death and disability in individuals, contributing to devastating socioeconomic consequences. Despite numerous promising pharmacological strategies reported as neuroprotective in preclinical studies, the translation to clinical trials always failed, albeit the great diversity of therapeutic targets evaluated. In this review, first, we described epidemiologic features, causes, and primary and secondary injuries of TBI. Second, we outlined the current literature on animal models of TBI, and we described their goals, their advantages and disadvantages according to the species used, the type of injury induced, and their clinical relevance. Third, we defined the concept of neuroprotection and discussed its evolution. We also identified the reasons that might explain the failure of clinical translation. Then, we reviewed post‐TBI neuroprotective treatments with a focus on the following pleiotropic drugs, considered “low hanging fruit” with high probability of success: glitazones, glibenclamide, statins, erythropoietin, and progesterone, that were largely tested and demonstrated efficient in preclinical models of TBI. Finally, our review stresses the need to establish a close cooperation between basic researchers and clinicians to ensure the best clinical translation for neuroprotective strategies for TBI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dominique Lerouet
- UMR-S1144 - Optimisation Thérapeutique en Neuropsychopharmacologie, Faculté de Pharmacie de Paris, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Catherine Marchand-Leroux
- UMR-S1144 - Optimisation Thérapeutique en Neuropsychopharmacologie, Faculté de Pharmacie de Paris, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Valérie C Besson
- UMR-S1144 - Optimisation Thérapeutique en Neuropsychopharmacologie, Faculté de Pharmacie de Paris, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Tyagi A, Pugazhenthi S. Targeting Insulin Resistance to Treat Cognitive Dysfunction. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 58:2672-2691. [PMID: 33483903 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-021-02283-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Dementia is a devastating disease associated with aging. Alzheimer's disease is the most common form of dementia, followed by vascular dementia. In addition to clinically diagnosed dementia, cognitive dysfunction has been reported in diabetic patients. Recent studies are now beginning to recognize type 2 diabetes mellitus, characterized by chronic hyperglycemia and insulin resistance, as a risk factor for Alzheimer's disease and other cognitive disorders. While studies on insulin action have remained traditionally in the domain of peripheral tissues, the detrimental effects of insulin resistance in the central nervous system on cognitive dysfunction are increasingly being reported by recent clinical and preclinical studies. The findings from these studies suggest that antidiabetic drugs have the potential to be used to treat dementia. In this review, we discuss the physiological functions of insulin in the brain, studies on the evaluation of cognitive function under conditions of insulin resistance, and reports on the beneficial actions of antidiabetic drugs in the brain. This review covers clinical studies as well as investigations in animal models and will further highlight the emerging link between insulin resistance and neurodegenerative disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anit Tyagi
- Rocky Mountain Regional VA Medical Center, Aurora, CO, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of Colorado-Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.,University of Denver, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Subbiah Pugazhenthi
- Rocky Mountain Regional VA Medical Center, Aurora, CO, USA. .,Department of Medicine, University of Colorado-Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Abstract
Although type 1 diabetes mellitus and, to a lesser extent, type 2 diabetes mellitus, are the prevailing forms of diabetes in youth, atypical forms of diabetes are not uncommon and may require etiology-specific therapies. By some estimates, up to 6.5% of children with diabetes have monogenic forms. Mitochondrial diabetes and cystic fibrosis related diabetes are less common but often noted in the underlying disease. Atypical diabetes should be considered in patients with a known disorder associated with diabetes, aged less than 25 years with nonautoimmune diabetes and without typical characteristics of type 2 diabetes mellitus, and/or with comorbidities associated with atypical diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jaclyn Tamaroff
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3500 Civic Center Boulevard, 12th Floor, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | - Marissa Kilberg
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3500 Civic Center Boulevard, 12th Floor, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Sara E Pinney
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3500 Civic Center Boulevard, 12th Floor, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Shana McCormack
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3500 Civic Center Boulevard, 12th Floor, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Ratliff WA, Delic V, Pick CG, Citron BA. Dendritic arbor complexity and spine density changes after repetitive mild traumatic brain injury and neuroprotective treatments. Brain Res 2020; 1746:147019. [PMID: 32681835 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2020.147019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury has been described as the signature affliction of recent military conflicts and repetitive TBIs, particularly associated with military and athletic activities, typically result in more severe clinical effects. The majority of TBIs are mild, but they can result in long term cognitive deficits for which there is no effective treatment. One of the most significant deficits observed in TBI patients is memory loss, which suggests that TBI can induce pathological changes within the hippocampus. tert-butylhydroquinone (tBHQ) and pioglitazone activate the Nrf2 and PPAR-γ transcription factors, respectively, and both have been shown to be neuroprotective in model systems. We examined the morphological changes within the hippocampus following repetitive mild TBI and simultaneous treatment with both factors. We utilized a closed head injury mouse model with five injuries over 5 weeks. Our results showed marked morphological changes among the dendrites and dendritic spines of the neurons of the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus. We observed decreases in overall dendritic length, as well as in the quantity and density of dendritic spines. Our treatment partially ameliorated these effects, suggesting that the Nrf2 and PPAR-γ transcription factors may be important targets for future drug development in the treatment of TBI in humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Whitney A Ratliff
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Bay Pines VA Healthcare System, Research and Development 151, Bldg. 22 Rm. 123, 10000 Bay Pines Blvd, Bay Pines, FL 33744, United States
| | - Vedad Delic
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, VA New Jersey Health Care System, Research & Development (15), Bldg. 16, Rm 16-176 385 Tremont Ave, East Orange, NJ 07018, United States
| | - Chaim G Pick
- Department of Anatomy and Anthropology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; Dr. Miriam and Sheldon G. Adelson Chair and Center for the Biology of Addictive Diseases, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Bruce A Citron
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, VA New Jersey Health Care System, Research & Development (15), Bldg. 16, Rm 16-176 385 Tremont Ave, East Orange, NJ 07018, United States; Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Bay Pines VA Healthcare System, Research and Development 151, Bldg. 22 Rm. 123, 10000 Bay Pines Blvd, Bay Pines, FL 33744, United States; Department of Pharmacology, Physiology & Neuroscience, Rutgers-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Ratliff WA, Qubty D, Delic V, Pick CG, Citron BA. Repetitive Mild Traumatic Brain Injury and Transcription Factor Modulation. J Neurotrauma 2020; 37:1910-1917. [PMID: 32292111 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2020.7005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The worldwide incidence of traumatic brain injury (TBI) is ∼0.5% per year and the frequency is significantly higher among military personnel and athletes. Repetitive TBIs are associated with military and athletic activities, and typically involve more severe consequences. The majority of TBIs are mild; however, these still can result in long-term cognitive deficits, and there is currently no effective treatment. tert-Butylhydroquinone (tBHQ) and pioglitazone can activate the nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-γ) transcription factors, respectively, and each has been shown to be neuroprotective in various model systems. We examined behavioral and gene expression changes after repetitive mild TBI followed by simultaneous treatment with both factors. We used a repetitive closed head injury of mice involving five injuries with a 1-week interval between each TBI. We found that memory performance was significantly reduced by the injuries, unless the TBIs were followed by the tBHQ and pioglitazone administrations. Certain genes; for example, growth hormone and osteopontin, were downregulated by the injury, and this was reversed by the treatment, whereas other genes; for example, a tumor necrosis factor receptor, were upregulated by the injury and restored if the post-injury treatment was administered. Analysis of gene expression levels affected by the injury and/or the treatment point to potential mechanisms that could be exploited therapeutically.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Whitney A Ratliff
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Bay Pines VA Healthcare System, Research and Development, Bay Pines, Florida, USA
| | - Doaa Qubty
- Department of Anatomy and Anthropology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Vedad Delic
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, VA New Jersey Health Care System, Research and Development, East Orange, New Jersey, USA
| | - Chaim G Pick
- Department of Anatomy and Anthropology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Dr. Miriam and Sheldon G. Adelson Chair and Center for the Biology of Addictive Diseases, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Bruce A Citron
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Bay Pines VA Healthcare System, Research and Development, Bay Pines, Florida, USA.,Laboratory of Molecular Biology, VA New Jersey Health Care System, Research and Development, East Orange, New Jersey, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Neuroscience, Rutgers-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Mollo N, Cicatiello R, Aurilia M, Scognamiglio R, Genesio R, Charalambous M, Paladino S, Conti A, Nitsch L, Izzo A. Targeting Mitochondrial Network Architecture in Down Syndrome and Aging. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E3134. [PMID: 32365535 PMCID: PMC7247689 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21093134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 04/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are organelles that mainly control energy conversion in the cell. In addition, they also participate in many relevant activities, such as the regulation of apoptosis and calcium levels, and other metabolic tasks, all closely linked to cell viability. Functionality of mitochondria appears to depend upon their network architecture that may dynamically pass from an interconnected structure with long tubular units, to a fragmented one with short separate fragments. A decline in mitochondrial quality, which presents itself as an altered structural organization and a function of mitochondria, has been observed in Down syndrome (DS), as well as in aging and in age-related pathologies. This review provides a basic overview of mitochondrial dynamics, from fission/fusion mechanisms to mitochondrial homeostasis. Molecular mechanisms determining the disruption of the mitochondrial phenotype in DS and aging are discussed. The impaired activity of the transcriptional co-activator PGC-1α/PPARGC1A and the hyperactivation of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) kinase are emerging as molecular underlying causes of these mitochondrial alterations. It is, therefore, likely that either stimulating the PGC-1α activity or inhibiting mTOR signaling could reverse mitochondrial dysfunction. Evidence is summarized suggesting that drugs targeting either these pathways or other factors affecting the mitochondrial network may represent therapeutic approaches to improve and/or prevent the effects of altered mitochondrial function. Overall, from all these studies it emerges that the implementation of such strategies may exert protective effects in DS and age-related diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nunzia Mollo
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Rita Cicatiello
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Miriam Aurilia
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Roberta Scognamiglio
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Rita Genesio
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Charalambous
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology “G. Salvatore”, National Research Council, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Simona Paladino
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Anna Conti
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Lucio Nitsch
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology “G. Salvatore”, National Research Council, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Antonella Izzo
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Shehata AHF, Ahmed ASF, Abdelrehim AB, Heeba GH. The impact of single and combined PPAR-α and PPAR-γ activation on the neurological outcomes following cerebral ischemia reperfusion. Life Sci 2020; 252:117679. [PMID: 32325134 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.117679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
AIM The neuronal damage and accompanied functional deficits induced by cerebral ischemia are among the most common causes of disabilities in adults. Activation of subtypes of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs); PPAR-α and PPAR-γ have shown neuroprotective effects in different neurodegenerative diseases including stroke. Thus, this study aimed to compare the effects of two different agonists: PPAR-α (fenofibrate) and PPAR-γ (pioglitazone) as well as the effect of their combination in ameliorating post-ischemia behavioral deficits. METHODS Male Wistar rats were either pretreated with vehicle, fenofibrate (100 mg/kg/day p.o), pioglitazone (10 mg/kg/day p.o) or their combination for 14 days prior to bilateral common carotid artery occlusion followed by reperfusion for 24 hoursh. The sensory motor functions of rats were assessed, then rats were sacrificed to determine infarct volume and histopathological changes as well as oxidative stress, inflammatory and apoptotic markers in the brain tissue. KEY FINDINGS Pre-treatment with fenofibrate and pioglitazone in addition to their combination improved neurobehavioral dysfunction, reduced cerebral infarct volume, attenuated inflammatory and apoptotic markers and ameliorated histopathological changes in I/R injured rats. The effect of pioglitazone in cerebral cortex was higher than its corresponding effect in fenofibrate while the combined administration of both drugs had additive neuroprotective effect and normalized inflammatory and apoptotic mediators in ischemic rats. SIGNIFICANCE The study compared the neuroprotective effects of PPAR-α and PPAR-γ agonists, and tested the impact of their combination. We concluded that no additional benefits on the functional outcomes might be gained upon their combination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alaa H F Shehata
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Egypt
| | - Al-Shaimaa F Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Egypt.
| | - Amany B Abdelrehim
- Department of Biochemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Egypt
| | - Gehan H Heeba
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Formoterol, a β 2-adrenoreceptor agonist, induces mitochondrial biogenesis and promotes cognitive recovery after traumatic brain injury. Neurobiol Dis 2020; 140:104866. [PMID: 32289370 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2020.104866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) leads to acute necrosis at the site of injury followed by a sequence of secondary events lasting from hours to weeks and often years. Targeting mitochondrial impairment following TBI has shown improvements in brain mitochondrial bioenergetics and neuronal function. Recently formoterol, a highly selective β2-adrenoreceptor agonist, was found to induce mitochondrial biogenesis (MB) via Gβγ-Akt-eNOS-sGC pathway. Activation of MB is a novel approach that has been shown to restore mitochondrial function in several disease and injury models. We hypothesized that activation of MB as a target of formoterol after TBI would mitigate mitochondrial dysfunction, enhance neuronal function and improve behavioral outcomes. TBI-injured C57BL/6 male mice were injected (i.p.) with vehicle (normal saline) or formoterol (0.3 mg/kg) at 15 min, 8 h, 16 h, 24 h and then daily after controlled cortical impact (CCI) until euthanasia. After CCI, mitochondrial copy number and bioenergetic function were decreased in the ipsilateral cortex of the CCI-vehicle group. Compared to CCI-vehicle, cortical and hippocampal mitochondrial respiration rates as well as cortical mitochondrial DNA copy number were increased in the CCI-formoterol group. Mitochondrial Ca2+ buffering capacity in the hippocampus was higher in the CCI-formoterol group compared to CCI-vehicle group. Both assessments of cognitive performance, novel object recognition (NOR) and Morris water maze (MWM), decreased following CCI and were restored in the CCI-formoterol group. Although no changes were seen in the amount of cortical tissue spared between CCI-formoterol and CCI-vehicle groups, elevated levels of hippocampal neurons and improved white matter sparing in the corpus callosum were observed in CCI-formoterol group. Collectively, these results indicate that formoterol-mediated MB activation may be a potential therapeutic target to restore mitochondrial bioenergetics and promote functional recovery after TBI.
Collapse
|
35
|
Crupi R, Cordaro M, Cuzzocrea S, Impellizzeri D. Management of Traumatic Brain Injury: From Present to Future. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9040297. [PMID: 32252390 PMCID: PMC7222188 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9040297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 03/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
TBI (traumatic brain injury) is a major cause of death among youth in industrialized societies. Brain damage following traumatic injury is a result of direct and indirect mechanisms; indirect or secondary injury involves the initiation of an acute inflammatory response, including the breakdown of the blood–brain barrier (BBB), brain edema, infiltration of peripheral blood cells, and activation of resident immunocompetent cells, as well as the release of numerous immune mediators such as interleukins and chemotactic factors. TBI can cause changes in molecular signaling and cellular functions and structures, in addition to tissue damage, such as hemorrhage, diffuse axonal damages, and contusions. TBI typically disturbs brain functions such as executive actions, cognitive grade, attention, memory data processing, and language abilities. Animal models have been developed to reproduce the different features of human TBI, better understand its pathophysiology, and discover potential new treatments. For many years, the first approach to manage TBI has been treatment of the injured tissue with interventions designed to reduce the complex secondary-injury cascade. Several studies in the literature have stressed the importance of more closely examining injuries, including endothelial, microglia, astroglia, oligodendroglia, and precursor cells. Significant effort has been invested in developing neuroprotective agents. The aim of this work is to review TBI pathophysiology and existing and potential new therapeutic strategies in the management of inflammatory events and behavioral deficits associated with TBI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rosalia Crupi
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy;
| | - Marika Cordaro
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria 1, 98100 Messina, Italy;
| | - Salvatore Cuzzocrea
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmacological and Environmental Sciences, Messina University, Viale F. Stagno D’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy;
- Department of Pharmacological and Physiological Science, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, MO 63104, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +390-906-765-208
| | - Daniela Impellizzeri
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmacological and Environmental Sciences, Messina University, Viale F. Stagno D’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy;
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Bioenergetic restoration and neuroprotection after therapeutic targeting of mitoNEET: New mechanism of pioglitazone following traumatic brain injury. Exp Neurol 2020; 327:113243. [PMID: 32057797 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2020.113243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction is a pivotal event in many neurodegenerative disease states including traumatic brain injury (TBI) and spinal cord injury (SCI). One possible mechanism driving mitochondrial dysfunction is glutamate excitotoxicity leading to Ca2+-overload in neuronal or glial mitochondria. Therapies that reduce calcium overload and enhance bioenergetics have been shown to improve neurological outcomes. Pioglitazone, an FDA approved compound, has shown neuroprotective properties following TBI and SCI, but the underlying mechanism(s) are unknown. We hypothesized that the interaction between pioglitazone and a novel mitochondrial protein called mitoNEET was the basis for neuroprotection following CNS injury. We discovered that mitoNEET is an important mediator of Ca2+-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction and show that binding mitoNEET with pioglitazone can prevent Ca2+-induced dysfunction. By utilizing wild-type (WT) and mitoNEET null mice, we show that pioglitazone mitigates mitochondrial dysfunction and provides neuroprotection in WT mice, though produces no restorative effects in mitoNEET null mice. We also show that NL-1, a novel mitoNEET ligand, is neuroprotective following TBI in both mice and rats. These results support the crucial role of mitoNEET for mitochondrial bioenergetics, its importance in the neuropathological sequelae of TBI and the necessity of mitoNEET for pioglitazone-mediated neuroprotection. Since mitochondrial dysfunction is a pathobiological complication seen in other diseases such as diabetes, motor neuron disease and cancer, targeting mitoNEET may provide a novel mitoceutical target and therapeutic intervention for diseases that expand beyond TBI.
Collapse
|
37
|
Therajaran P, Hamilton JA, O'Brien TJ, Jones NC, Ali I. Microglial polarization in posttraumatic epilepsy: Potential mechanism and treatment opportunity. Epilepsia 2020; 61:203-215. [PMID: 31943156 DOI: 10.1111/epi.16424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Owing to the complexity of the pathophysiological mechanisms driving epileptogenesis following traumatic brain injury (TBI), effective preventive treatment approaches are not yet available for posttraumatic epilepsy (PTE). Neuroinflammation appears to play a critical role in the pathogenesis of the acquired epilepsies, including PTE, but despite a large preclinical literature demonstrating the ability of anti-inflammatory treatments to suppress epileptogenesis and chronic seizures, no anti-inflammatory treatment approaches have been clinically proven to date. TBI triggers robust inflammatory cascades, suggesting that they may be relevant for the pathogenesis of PTE. A major cell type involved in such cascades is the microglial cells-brain-resident immune cells that become activated after brain injury. When activated, these cells can oscillate between different phenotypes, and such polarization states are associated with the release of various pro- and anti-inflammatory mediators that may influence brain repair processes, and also differentially contribute to the development of PTE. As the molecular mechanisms and key signaling molecules associated with microglial polarization in brain are discovered, strategies are now emerging that can modulate this polarization, promoting this as a potential therapeutic strategy for PTE. In this review, we discuss the relevant literature regarding the polarization of brain-resident immune cells following TBI and attempt to put into perspective a role in epilepsy pathogenesis. Finally, we explore potential strategies that could polarize microglia/macrophages toward a neuroprotective phenotype to mitigate PTE development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peravina Therajaran
- Department of Medicine (Royal Melbourne Hospital), Melbourne Brain Centre, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - John A Hamilton
- Department of Medicine (Royal Melbourne Hospital), Melbourne Brain Centre, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Terence J O'Brien
- Department of Medicine (Royal Melbourne Hospital), Melbourne Brain Centre, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Neurology, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Nigel C Jones
- Department of Medicine (Royal Melbourne Hospital), Melbourne Brain Centre, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Neurology, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Idrish Ali
- Department of Medicine (Royal Melbourne Hospital), Melbourne Brain Centre, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Neurology, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Takada I, Makishima M. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor agonists and antagonists: a patent review (2014-present). Expert Opin Ther Pat 2019; 30:1-13. [PMID: 31825687 DOI: 10.1080/13543776.2020.1703952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs), PPARα, PPARδ, and PPARγ, play an important role in the regulation of various physiological processes, specifically lipid and energy metabolism and immunity. PPARα agonists (fibrates) and PPARγ agonists (thiazolidinediones) are used for the treatment of hypertriglyceridemia and type 2 diabetes, respectively. PPARδ activation enhances mitochondrial and energy metabolism but PPARδ-acting drugs are not yet available. Many synthetic ligands for PPARs have been developed to expand their therapeutic applications.Areas covered: The authors searched recent patent activity regarding PPAR ligands. Novel PPARα agonists, PPARδ agonists, PPARγ agonists, PPARα/γ dual agonists, and PPARγ antagonists have been claimed for the treatment of metabolic disease and inflammatory disease. Methods for the combination of PPAR ligands with other drugs and expanded application of PPAR agonists for bone and neurological disease have been also claimed.Expert opinion: Novel PPAR ligands and the combination of PPAR ligands with other drugs have been claimed for the treatment of mitochondrial disease, inflammatory/autoimmune disease, neurological disease, and cancer in addition to metabolic diseases including dyslipidemia and type 2 diabetes. Selective therapeutic actions of PPAR ligands should be exploited to avoid adverse effects. More basic studies are needed to elucidate the molecular mechanisms of selective actions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ichiro Takada
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Makoto Makishima
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Zhao Y, Wei X, Song J, Zhang M, Huang T, Qin J. Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor γ Agonist Rosiglitazone Protects Blood-Brain Barrier Integrity Following Diffuse Axonal Injury by Decreasing the Levels of Inflammatory Mediators Through a Caveolin-1-Dependent Pathway. Inflammation 2019; 42:841-856. [PMID: 30488141 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-018-0940-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Our early experiments confirmed that rosiglitazone (RSG), a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) agonist, had therapeutic potential for the treatment of diffuse axonal injury (DAI) by inhibiting the expression of amyloid-beta precursor protein and reducing the loss and abnormal phosphorylation of tau, but the underlying mechanisms were not fully defined. In this study, we aimed to investigate a possible role for PPARγ in the protection of blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity in a rat model of DAI, and the underlying mechanisms. PPAR agonists and antagonists were intraperitoneally injected after DAI. Treatment with RSG ameliorated axonal injury, cell apoptosis, glia activation, and the release of inflammatory factors such as TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6. It also increased the expression of tight junction-associated proteins like ZO-1, claudin-5, and occludin-1, whereas the PPARγ antagonist GW9662 had the opposite effects. These effects were also studied in a BBB in vitro model, consisting of a monolayer of human microvascular endothelial cells (HBMECs) subjected to oxygen and glucose deprivation (OGD). Treatment with RSG ameliorated the loss of BBB integrity and the increased permeability induced by OGD by reducing the release of inflammatory factors and maintaining the expression of tight junction-associated proteins. Interestingly, caveolin-1 was found located mainly in endothelial cells, and RSG increased the expression of caveolin-1, which decreased following OGD. In contrast, caveolin-1 siRNA abrogated the protective effects of RSG in the in vitro BBB model. In conclusion, we provide evidence that PPARγ plays an important role in a series of processes associated with DAI, and that the PPARγ agonist RSG can protect BBB integrity by decreasing the levels of inflammatory mediators through a caveolin-1-dependent pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yonglin Zhao
- Department of Oncology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, China
| | - Xing Wei
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, China
| | - Jinning Song
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Ming Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, China
| | - Tingqin Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, China
| | - Jie Qin
- Department of Orthopedics, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 157 Xiwu Road, Xi'an, 710004, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Burns DK, Chiang C, Welsh-Bohmer KA, Brannan SK, Culp M, O'Neil J, Runyan G, Harrigan P, Plassman BL, Lutz M, Lai E, Haneline S, Yarnall D, Yarbrough D, Metz C, Ponduru S, Sundseth S, Saunders AM. The TOMMORROW study: Design of an Alzheimer's disease delay-of-onset clinical trial. ALZHEIMERS & DEMENTIA-TRANSLATIONAL RESEARCH & CLINICAL INTERVENTIONS 2019; 5:661-670. [PMID: 31720367 PMCID: PMC6838537 DOI: 10.1016/j.trci.2019.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a continuum with neuropathologies manifesting years before clinical symptoms; thus, AD research is attempting to identify more disease-modifying approaches to test treatments administered before full disease expression. Designing such trials in cognitively normal elderly individuals poses unique challenges. Methods The TOMMORROW study was a phase 3 double-blind, parallel-group study designed to support qualification of a novel genetic biomarker risk assignment algorithm (BRAA) and to assess efficacy and safety of low-dose pioglitazone to delay onset of mild cognitive impairment due to AD. Eligible participants were stratified based on the BRAA (using TOMM40 rs 10524523 genotype, Apolipoprotein E genotype, and age), with high-risk individuals receiving low-dose pioglitazone or placebo and low-risk individuals receiving placebo. The primary endpoint was time to the event of mild cognitive impairment due to AD. The primary objectives were to compare the primary endpoint between high- and low-risk placebo groups (for BRAA qualification) and between high-risk pioglitazone and high-risk placebo groups (for pioglitazone efficacy). Approximately 300 individuals were also asked to participate in a volumetric magnetic resonance imaging substudy at selected sites. Results The focus of this paper is on the design of the study; study results will be presented in a separate paper. Discussion The design of the TOMMORROW study addressed many key challenges to conducting a dual-objective phase 3 pivotal AD clinical trial in presymptomatic individuals. Experiences from planning and executing the TOMMORROW study may benefit future AD prevention/delay-of-onset trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Carl Chiang
- Zinfandel Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Durham, NC, USA
| | - Kathleen A Welsh-Bohmer
- Department of Neurology, Bryan Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | - Meredith Culp
- Takeda Development Center Americas, Inc., Deerfield, IL, USA
| | - Janet O'Neil
- Takeda Development Center Americas, Inc., Deerfield, IL, USA
| | - Grant Runyan
- Takeda Development Center Americas, Inc., Deerfield, IL, USA
| | | | - Brenda L Plassman
- Department of Neurology, Bryan Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Michael Lutz
- Department of Neurology, Bryan Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Eric Lai
- Takeda Development Center Americas, Inc., Deerfield, IL, USA
| | | | | | | | - Craig Metz
- Zinfandel Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Durham, NC, USA
| | - Sridevi Ponduru
- Takeda Development Center Americas, Inc., Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Beheshti F, Hosseini M, Hashemzehi M, Soukhtanloo M, Asghari A. The effects of PPAR-γ agonist pioglitazone on anxiety and depression-like behaviors in lipopolysaccharide injected rats. TOXIN REV 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/15569543.2019.1673425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Farimah Beheshti
- Neuroscience Research Center, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran
- Department of Physiology, School of Paramedical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Hosseini
- Division of Neurocognitive Sciences, Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Milad Hashemzehi
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Physiology, Iranshahr University of Medical Sciences, Iranshahr, Iran
| | - Mohammad Soukhtanloo
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amir Asghari
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Pioglitazone improves working memory performance when administered in chronic TBI. Neurobiol Dis 2019; 132:104611. [PMID: 31513844 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2019.104611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of long-term disability in the United States. Even in comparatively mild injuries, cognitive and behavioral symptoms can persist for years, and there are currently no established strategies for mitigating symptoms in chronic injury. A key feature of TBI-induced damage in acute and chronic injury is disruption of metabolic pathways. As neurotransmission, and therefore cognition, are highly dependent on the supply of energy, we hypothesized that modulating metabolic activity could help restore behavioral performance even when treatment was initiated weeks after TBI. We treated rats with pioglitazone, a FDA-approved drug for diabetes, beginning 46 days after lateral fluid percussion injury and tested working memory performance in the radial arm maze (RAM) after 14 days of treatment. Pioglitazone treated TBI rats performed significantly better in the RAM test than untreated TBI rats, and similarly to control animals. While hexokinase activity in hippocampus was increased by pioglitazone treatment, there was no upregulation of either the neuronal glucose transporter or hexokinase enzyme expression. Expression of glial markers GFAP and Iba-1 were also not influenced by pioglitazone treatment. These studies suggest that targeting brain metabolism, in particular hippocampal metabolism, may be effective in alleviating cognitive symptoms in chronic TBI.
Collapse
|
43
|
Mollo N, Nitti M, Zerillo L, Faicchia D, Micillo T, Accarino R, Secondo A, Petrozziello T, Calì G, Cicatiello R, Bonfiglio F, Sarnataro V, Genesio R, Izzo A, Pinton P, Matarese G, Paladino S, Conti A, Nitsch L. Pioglitazone Improves Mitochondrial Organization and Bioenergetics in Down Syndrome Cells. Front Genet 2019; 10:606. [PMID: 31316549 PMCID: PMC6609571 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.00606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction plays a primary role in neurodevelopmental anomalies and neurodegeneration of Down syndrome (DS) subjects. For this reason, targeting mitochondrial key genes, such as PGC-1α/PPARGC1A, is emerging as a good therapeutic approach to attenuate cognitive disability in DS. After demonstrating the efficacy of the biguanide metformin (a PGC-1α activator) in a cell model of DS, we extended the study to other molecules that regulate the PGC-1α pathway acting on PPAR genes. We, therefore, treated trisomic fetal fibroblasts with different doses of pioglitazone (PGZ) and evaluated the effects on mitochondrial dynamics and function. Treatment with PGZ significantly increased mRNA and protein levels of PGC-1α. Mitochondrial network was fully restored by PGZ administration affecting the fission-fusion mitochondrial machinery. Specifically, optic atrophy 1 (OPA1) and mitofusin 1 (MFN1) were upregulated while dynamin-related protein 1 (DRP1) was downregulated. These effects, together with a significant increase of basal ATP content and oxygen consumption rate, and a significant decrease of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, provide strong evidence of an overall improvement of mitochondria bioenergetics in trisomic cells. In conclusion, we demonstrate that PGZ is able to improve mitochondrial phenotype even at low concentrations (0.5 μM). We also speculate that a combination of drugs that target mitochondrial function might be advantageous, offering potentially higher efficacy and lower individual drug dosage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nunzia Mollo
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Nitti
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Lucrezia Zerillo
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Deriggio Faicchia
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Research Council, Naples, Italy
| | - Teresa Micillo
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Rossella Accarino
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Agnese Secondo
- Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Tiziana Petrozziello
- Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Gaetano Calì
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Research Council, Naples, Italy
| | - Rita Cicatiello
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Viviana Sarnataro
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Rita Genesio
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Antonella Izzo
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Paolo Pinton
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Matarese
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Research Council, Naples, Italy
| | - Simona Paladino
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Anna Conti
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Lucio Nitsch
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Research Council, Naples, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Pioglitazone, a PPARγ agonist, reduces cisplatin-evoked neuropathic pain by protecting against oxidative stress. Pain 2019; 160:688-701. [PMID: 30507781 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000001448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Painful peripheral neuropathy is a dose-limiting side effect of cisplatin treatment. Using a murine model of cisplatin-induced hyperalgesia, we determined whether a PPARγ synthetic agonist, pioglitazone, attenuated the development of neuropathic pain and identified underlying mechanisms. Cisplatin produced mechanical and cold hyperalgesia and decreased electrical thresholds of Aδ and C fibers, which were attenuated by coadministration of pioglitazone (10 mg/kg, intraperitoneally [i.p.]) with cisplatin. Antihyperalgesic effects of pioglitazone were blocked by the PPARγ antagonist T0070907 (10 mg/kg, i.p.). We hypothesized that the ability of pioglitazone to reduce the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons contributed to its antihyperalgesic activity. Effects of cisplatin and pioglitazone on somatosensory neurons were studied on dissociated mouse DRG neurons after 24 hours in vitro. Incubation of DRG neurons with cisplatin (13 µM) for 24 hours increased the occurrence of depolarization-evoked calcium transients, and these were normalized by coincubation with pioglitazone (10 µM). Oxidative stress in DRG neurons was considered a significant contributor to cisplatin-evoked hyperalgesia because a ROS scavenger attenuated hyperalgesia and normalized the evoked calcium responses when cotreated with cisplatin. Pioglitazone increased the expression and activity of ROS-reducing enzymes in DRG and normalized cisplatin-evoked changes in oxidative stress and labeling of mitochondria with the dye MitoTracker Deep Red, indicating that the antihyperalgesic effects of pioglitazone were attributed to its antioxidant properties in DRG neurons. These data demonstrate clear benefits of broadening the use of the antidiabetic drug pioglitazone, or other PPARγ agonists, to minimize the development of cisplatin-induced painful neuropathy.
Collapse
|
45
|
Sullivan CR, Mielnik CA, O'Donovan SM, Funk AJ, Bentea E, DePasquale EA, Alganem K, Wen Z, Haroutunian V, Katsel P, Ramsey AJ, Meller J, McCullumsmith RE. Connectivity Analyses of Bioenergetic Changes in Schizophrenia: Identification of Novel Treatments. Mol Neurobiol 2019; 56:4492-4517. [PMID: 30338483 PMCID: PMC7584383 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-018-1390-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
We utilized a cell-level approach to examine glycolytic pathways in the DLPFC of subjects with schizophrenia (n = 16) and control (n = 16) and found decreased mRNA expression of glycolytic enzymes in pyramidal neurons, but not astrocytes. To replicate these novel bioenergetic findings, we probed independent datasets for bioenergetic targets and found similar abnormalities. Next, we used a novel strategy to build a schizophrenia bioenergetic profile by a tailored application of the Library of Integrated Network-Based Cellular Signatures data portal (iLINCS) and investigated connected cellular pathways, kinases, and transcription factors using Enrichr. Finally, with the goal of identifying drugs capable of "reversing" the bioenergetic schizophrenia signature, we performed a connectivity analysis with iLINCS and identified peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) agonists as promising therapeutic targets. We administered a PPAR agonist to the GluN1 knockdown model of schizophrenia and found it improved long-term memory. Taken together, our findings suggest that tailored bioinformatics approaches, coupled with the LINCS library of transcriptional signatures of chemical and genetic perturbagens, may be employed to identify novel treatment strategies for schizophrenia and related diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Catharine A Mielnik
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | | | - Adam J Funk
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Eduard Bentea
- Neurosciences TA Biology, UCB BioPharma SPRL, Braine-l'Alleud, Belgium
| | - Erica A DePasquale
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Khaled Alganem
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Zhexing Wen
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Vahram Haroutunian
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Pavel Katsel
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Amy J Ramsey
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Jarek Meller
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Department of Informatics, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Torun, Poland
- Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Ren X, Boriero D, Chaiswing L, Bondada S, St Clair DK, Butterfield DA. Plausible biochemical mechanisms of chemotherapy-induced cognitive impairment ("chemobrain"), a condition that significantly impairs the quality of life of many cancer survivors. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2019; 1865:1088-1097. [PMID: 30759363 PMCID: PMC6502692 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2019.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Revised: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Increasing numbers of cancer patients survive and live longer than five years after therapy, but very often side effects of cancer treatment arise at same time. One of the side effects, chemotherapy-induced cognitive impairment (CICI), also called "chemobrain" or "chemofog" by patients, brings enormous challenges to cancer survivors following successful chemotherapeutic treatment. Decreased abilities of learning, memory, attention, executive function and processing speed in cancer survivors with CICI, are some of the challenges that greatly impair survivors' quality of life. The molecular mechanisms of CICI involve very complicated processes, which have been the subject of investigation over the past decades. Many mechanistic candidates have been studied including disruption of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), DNA damage, telomere shortening, oxidative stress and associated inflammatory response, gene polymorphism of neural repair, altered neurotransmission, and hormone changes. Oxidative stress is considered as a vital mechanism, since over 50% of FDA-approved anti-cancer drugs can generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) or reactive nitrogen species (RNS), which lead to neuronal death. In this review paper, we discuss these important candidate mechanisms, in particular oxidative stress and the cytokine, TNF-alpha and their potential roles in CICI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojia Ren
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA
| | - Diana Boriero
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA; Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine, and Movement Disorders, Section on Biological Chemistry, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Luksana Chaiswing
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA; Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Subbarao Bondada
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA; Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Daret K St Clair
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA; Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - D Allan Butterfield
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA; Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Oh SJ, Fan X. The Possible Role of the Angiotensin System in the Pathophysiology of Schizophrenia: Implications for Pharmacotherapy. CNS Drugs 2019; 33:539-547. [PMID: 30993607 DOI: 10.1007/s40263-019-00632-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
A growing body of literature has elucidated the involvement of the central renin-angiotensin system (RAS) in various neuropsychiatric diseases. While consensus on the exact mechanism of the central RAS in schizophrenia pathophysiology does not currently exist, increasing evidence reveals promise in harnessing the therapeutic potential of RAS modulation in the treatment of schizophrenia. In this review, we examine how the central RAS affects inflammation, glutamate, dopamine, gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-γ, all of which are associated with schizophrenia etiology. In addition, a recent study has demonstrated the therapeutic potential of RAS modulators, especially angiotensin II type 1 receptor blockers (ARBs), as adjunctive therapy to the currently available antipsychotic medications for schizophrenia treatment. With a greater understanding of how RAS inhibition directly modulates neurotransmitter balance in the brain, it is possible that compounds with RAS-inhibiting properties could be used to optimize physiological levels of glutamate, dopamine, and GABA, and the balance among the three neurotransmitters, analogously to how antipsychotic medications mediate the dopaminergic pathways. It can be hoped that a novel approach based on this concept, such as adjunctive telmisartan therapy, may offer practical interventional strategies to address currently unmet therapeutic needs in patients with schizophrenia, especially those with treatment-resistant schizophrenia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Xiaoduo Fan
- Psychotic Disorders Program, UMASS Memorial Medical Center, Biotech One, Suite 100, 365 Plantation Street, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Das M, Tang X, Han JY, Mayilsamy K, Foran E, Biswal MR, Tzekov R, Mohapatra SS, Mohapatra S. CCL20-CCR6 axis modulated traumatic brain injury-induced visual pathologies. J Neuroinflammation 2019; 16:115. [PMID: 31151410 PMCID: PMC6544928 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-019-1499-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major cause of death and disability in the USA and the world; it constitutes 30% of injury-related deaths (Taylor et al., MMWR Surveill Summ 66:1-16, 2017). Contact sports athletes often experience repetitive TBI (rTBI), which exerts a cumulative effect later in life. Visual impairment is a common after-effect of TBI. Previously, we have shown that C-C chemokine 20 (CCL20) plays a critical role in neurodegeneration and inflammation following TBI (Das et al., J Neuroinflammation 8:148, 2011). C-C chemokine receptor 6 (CCR6) is the only receptor that CCL20 interacts with. The objective of the present study was to investigate the role of CCL20-CCR6 axis in mediating rTBI-induced visual dysfunction (TVD). METHODS Wild type (WT) or CCR6 knock out (CCR6-/-) mice were subjected to closed head rTBI. Pioglitazone (PG) is a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) agonist which downregulates CCL20 production. Subsets of WT mice were treated with PG following final rTBI. A subset of mice was also treated with anti-CCL20 antibody to neutralize the CCL20 produced after rTBI. Histopathological assessments were performed to show cerebral pathologies, retinal pathologies, and inflammatory changes induced by rTBI. RESULTS rTBI induced cerebral neurodegeneration, retinal degeneration, microgliosis, astrogliosis, and CCL20 expression. CCR6-/- mice showed reduced retinal degeneration, microgliosis, and inflammation. Treatment with CCL20 neutralization antibody or PG showed reduced CCL20 expression along with reduced retinal degeneration and inflammation. rTBI-induced GFAP-positive glial activation in the optic nerve was not affected by knocking out CCR6. CONCLUSION The present data indicate that rTBI-induced retinal pathology is mediated at least in part by CCL20 in a CCR6-dependent manner.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mahasweta Das
- James A. Haley Veterans Hospital, Tampa, FL, USA.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Xiaolan Tang
- James A. Haley Veterans Hospital, Tampa, FL, USA.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Jung Yeon Han
- James A. Haley Veterans Hospital, Tampa, FL, USA.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Karthick Mayilsamy
- James A. Haley Veterans Hospital, Tampa, FL, USA.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Elspeth Foran
- James A. Haley Veterans Hospital, Tampa, FL, USA.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Manas R Biswal
- Graduate Programs at College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Radouil Tzekov
- James A. Haley Veterans Hospital, Tampa, FL, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA.,Graduate Programs at College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA.,Department of Medical Engineering, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA.,The Roskamp Institute, Sarasota, FL, USA
| | - Shyam S Mohapatra
- James A. Haley Veterans Hospital, Tampa, FL, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA.,Graduate Programs at College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Subhra Mohapatra
- James A. Haley Veterans Hospital, Tampa, FL, USA. .,Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Wu CW, Hung CY, Hirase H, Tain YL, Lee WC, Chan JYH, Fu MH, Chen LW, Liu WC, Liang CK, Ho YH, Kung YC, Leu S, Wu KLH. Pioglitazone reversed the fructose-programmed astrocytic glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation of female rat offspring. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2019; 316:E622-E634. [PMID: 30668149 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00408.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Excessive maternal high-fructose diet (HFD) during pregnancy and lactation has been reported to cause metabolic disorders in the offspring. Whether the infant's brain metabolism is disturbed by maternal HFD is largely unknown. Brain energy metabolism is elevated dramatically during fetal and postnatal development, whereby maternal nutrition is a key factor that determines cellular metabolism. Astrocytes, a nonneuronal cell type in the brain, are considered to support the high-energy demands of neurons by supplying lactate. In this study, the effects of maternal HFD on astrocytic glucose metabolism were investigated using hippocampal primary cultures of female infants. We found that glycolytic capacity and mitochondrial respiration and electron transport chain were suppressed by maternal HFD. Mitochondrial DNA copy number and mitochondrial transcription factor A expression were suppressed by maternal HFD. Western blots and immunofluorescent images further indicated that the glucose transporter 1 was downregulated whereas the insulin receptor-α, phospho-insulin receptor substrate-1 (Y612) and the p85 subunit of phosphatidylinositide 3-kinase were upregulated in the HFD group. Pioglitazone, which is known to increase astrocytic glucose metabolism, effectively reversed the suppressed glycolysis, and lactate release was restored. Moreover, pioglitazone also normalized oxidative phosphorylation with an increase of cytosolic ATP. Together, these results suggest that maternal HFD impairs astrocytic energy metabolic pathways that were reversed by pioglitazone.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Wei Wu
- Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chun-Ying Hung
- Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Hajime Hirase
- Laboratory for Neuron-Glia Circuitry, RIKEN Center for Brain Science , Wako, Saitama , Japan
- Saitama University Brain Science Institute , Saitama , Japan
- Center for Translational Neuromedicine, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - You-Lin Tain
- Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Republic of China
| | - Wei-Chia Lee
- Department of Urology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Republic of China
| | - Julie Y H Chan
- Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Mu-Hui Fu
- Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Republic of China
| | - Lee-Wei Chen
- Plastic Surgery, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Wen-Chung Liu
- Plastic Surgery, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chih-Kuang Liang
- Division of Neurology, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Ying-Hao Ho
- Division of Neurology, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Yu Chih Kung
- Master of Science Program in Health Care, Department of Nursing, Meiho University, Republic of China
- Department of Nursing, Meiho University, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Steve Leu
- Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Kay L H Wu
- Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Department of Senior Citizen Services, National Tainan Institute of Nursing, Tainan, Taiwan, Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Chen S, Tang Q, Wang Y, Xu Z, Chen ST, Sun Y, Yao WB, Gao XD. Evidence of metabolic memory-induced neurodegeneration and the therapeutic effects of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists via Forkhead box class O. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2019; 1865:371-377. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2018.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Revised: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
|