1
|
Chen Y, Zhang Y, Wu Q, Chen J, Deng Y. The neuroprotective effect of Chinese herbal medicine for cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury through regulating mitophagy. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1378358. [PMID: 38895624 PMCID: PMC11183336 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1378358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The incidence of ischemic stroke has been increasing annually with an unfavorable prognosis. Cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury can exacerbate nerve damage. Effective mitochondrial quality control including mitochondrial fission, fusion and autophagy, is crucial for maintaining cellular homeostasis. Several studies have revealed the critical role of mitophagy in Cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury. Cerebral ischemia and hypoxia induce mitophagy, and mitophagy exhibits positive and negative effects in cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury. Studies have shown that Chinese herbal medicine can alleviate Cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury and serve as a neuroprotective agent by inhibiting or promoting mitophagy-mediated pathways. This review focuses on the mitochondrial dynamics and mitophagy-related pathways, as well as the role of mitophagy in ischemia reperfusion injury. Additionally, it discusses the therapeutic potential and benefits of Chinese herbal monomers and decoctions in the treatment of ischemic stroke.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanling Chen
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Disease Prevention and Treatment of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Yanan Zhang
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Disease Prevention and Treatment of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Qin Wu
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Disease Prevention and Treatment of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Jing Chen
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Disease Prevention and Treatment of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Yihui Deng
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Liu S, Zhong M, Wu H, Su W, Wang Y, Li P. Potential Beneficial Effects of Naringin and Naringenin on Long COVID-A Review of the Literature. Microorganisms 2024; 12:332. [PMID: 38399736 PMCID: PMC10892048 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12020332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused a severe epidemic due to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). Recent studies have found that patients do not completely recover from acute infections, but instead, suffer from a variety of post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection, known as long COVID. The effects of long COVID can be far-reaching, with a duration of up to six months and a range of symptoms such as cognitive dysfunction, immune dysregulation, microbiota dysbiosis, myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome, myocarditis, pulmonary fibrosis, cough, diabetes, pain, reproductive dysfunction, and thrombus formation. However, recent studies have shown that naringenin and naringin have palliative effects on various COVID-19 sequelae. Flavonoids such as naringin and naringenin, commonly found in fruits and vegetables, have various positive effects, including reducing inflammation, preventing viral infections, and providing antioxidants. This article discusses the molecular mechanisms and clinical effects of naringin and naringenin on treating the above diseases. It proposes them as potential drugs for the treatment of long COVID, and it can be inferred that naringin and naringenin exhibit potential as extended long COVID medications, in the future likely serving as nutraceuticals or clinical supplements for the comprehensive alleviation of the various manifestations of COVID-19 complications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Siqi Liu
- Guangdong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Quality and Efficacy Re-Evaluation of Post-Market Traditional Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China; (S.L.); (M.Z.); (H.W.); (W.S.); (Y.W.)
| | - Mengli Zhong
- Guangdong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Quality and Efficacy Re-Evaluation of Post-Market Traditional Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China; (S.L.); (M.Z.); (H.W.); (W.S.); (Y.W.)
| | - Hao Wu
- Guangdong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Quality and Efficacy Re-Evaluation of Post-Market Traditional Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China; (S.L.); (M.Z.); (H.W.); (W.S.); (Y.W.)
| | - Weiwei Su
- Guangdong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Quality and Efficacy Re-Evaluation of Post-Market Traditional Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China; (S.L.); (M.Z.); (H.W.); (W.S.); (Y.W.)
- Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Maoming 525000, China
| | - Yonggang Wang
- Guangdong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Quality and Efficacy Re-Evaluation of Post-Market Traditional Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China; (S.L.); (M.Z.); (H.W.); (W.S.); (Y.W.)
| | - Peibo Li
- Guangdong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Quality and Efficacy Re-Evaluation of Post-Market Traditional Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China; (S.L.); (M.Z.); (H.W.); (W.S.); (Y.W.)
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zhao J, Ma X, Li S, Liu C, Liu Y, Tan J, Yu L, Li X, Li W. Berberine hydrochloride ameliorates PM2.5-induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice through inhibiting oxidative stress and inflammatory. Chem Biol Interact 2023; 386:110731. [PMID: 37839514 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2023.110731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Elevated levels of respirable particulate matter (PM) have been strongly linked to disease incidence and mortality in population-based epidemiological studies. Berberine hydrochloride (BBR), an isoquinoline alkaloid found in Coptis chinensis, exhibits antipyretic, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties. However, the protective effects and underlying mechanism of BBR against pulmonary fibrosis remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate the protective effect of BBR on lung tissue damage using a mouse model of PM2.5-induced pulmonary fibrosis. SPF grade C57BL/6 mice were randomly assigned to four groups, each consisting of 10 mice. The mice were pretreated with BBR (50 mg/kg) by gavage for 45 consecutive days. A tracheal drip of PM2.5 suspension (8 mg/kg) was administered once every three days for a total of 15 times to induce lung fibrosis. Moreover, the results demonstrated that PM2.5 was found to inhibit the PPARγ signaling pathway, increase ROS expression, upregulate protein levels of IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α, as well as regulation of gene expression of STAT3 and SOCS3. Importantly, PM2.5 induced lung fibrosis by promoting collagen deposition, upregulating gene expression of fibrosis markers (TGF-β1, FN, α-SMA, COL-1, and COL-3), and downregulating E-cadherin expression. Remarkably, our findings suggest that these injuries could be reversed by BBR pretreatment. BBR acts as a PPARγ agonist in PM2.5-induced pulmonary fibrosis, activating the PPARγ signaling pathway to mitigate oxidative and inflammatory factor-mediated lung injury. This study provides valuable insights for the future prevention and treatment of pulmonary fibrosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiali Zhao
- School of Public Health, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053, China
| | - Xuan Ma
- School of Public Health, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053, China
| | - Siqi Li
- School of Public Health, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053, China
| | - Chen Liu
- School of Public Health, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053, China
| | - Yumei Liu
- School of Public Health, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053, China; Weifang Key Laboratory of Health Inspection and Quarantine, Weifang, 261053, China
| | - Jinfeng Tan
- Weifang Environmental Monitoring Station, Weifang, 261044, China
| | - Li Yu
- School of Basic Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053, China
| | - Xiaohong Li
- School of Public Health, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053, China; "Healthy Shandong" Major Social Risk Prediction and Management Collaborative Innovation Center, Weifang, 261053, China; Weifang Key Laboratory of Health Inspection and Quarantine, Weifang, 261053, China.
| | - Wanwei Li
- School of Public Health, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053, China; "Healthy Shandong" Major Social Risk Prediction and Management Collaborative Innovation Center, Weifang, 261053, China; Weifang Key Laboratory of Health Inspection and Quarantine, Weifang, 261053, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Gu L, Wang F, Wang Y, Sun D, Sun Y, Tian T, Meng Q, Yin L, Xu L, Lu X, Peng J, Lin Y, Sun P. Naringin protects against inflammation and apoptosis induced by intestinal ischemia-reperfusion injury through deactivation of cGAS-STING signaling pathway. Phytother Res 2023; 37:3495-3507. [PMID: 37125528 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Effective amelioration of ischemia/reperfusion (I/R)-induced intestinal injury and revealing its mechanisms remain the challenges in both preclinic and clinic. Potential mechanisms of naringin in ameliorating I/R-induced intestinal injury remain unknown. Based on pre-experiments, I/R-injured rat intestine in vivo and hypoxia-reoxygenation (H/R)-injured IEC-6 cells in vitro were used to verify that naringin-alleviated I/R-induced intestinal injury was mediated via deactivating cGAS-STING signaling pathway. Naringin improved intestinal damage using hematoxylin and eosin staining and decreased alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase contents in plasma. Naringin decreased inflammation characterized by reducing IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α, and IFN-β contents in both plasma and IEC-6 cells. Naringin mitigated oxidative stress via recovering superoxide dismutase, glutathione, and malondialdehyde levels in the I/R-injured intestine. Naringin reduced the expression of apoptotic proteins, including Bax, caspase-3, and Bcl-2, and reduced terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick-end labeling-positive cells both in vivo and in vitro, and decreased Hoechst 33342 signals in vitro. cGAS, STING, p-TBK1, p-IRF3, and NF-κB expressions were up-regulated both in vivo and in vitro respectively and the up-regulated indexes were reversed by naringin. Transfection of cGAS-siRNA and cGAS-cDNA significantly down-regulated and up-regulated cGAS-STING signaling-related protein expressions, respectively, and partially weakened naringin-induced amelioration on these indexes, suggesting that deactivation of cGAS-STING signaling is the crucial target for naringin-induced amelioration on I/R-injured intestine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lidan Gu
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Fei Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yilin Wang
- Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, China
| | - Deen Sun
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yiming Sun
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Tingting Tian
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Qiang Meng
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- Key Laboratory for Basic and Applied Research on Pharmacodynamic Substances of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Liaoning Province, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Lianhong Yin
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- Key Laboratory for Basic and Applied Research on Pharmacodynamic Substances of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Liaoning Province, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Lina Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- Key Laboratory for Basic and Applied Research on Pharmacodynamic Substances of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Liaoning Province, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Xiaolong Lu
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- Key Laboratory for Basic and Applied Research on Pharmacodynamic Substances of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Liaoning Province, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Jinyong Peng
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- Key Laboratory for Basic and Applied Research on Pharmacodynamic Substances of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Liaoning Province, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yuan Lin
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Pengyuan Sun
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- Key Laboratory for Basic and Applied Research on Pharmacodynamic Substances of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Liaoning Province, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Li X, Yu X, Gao Y, Zhao W, Wang Y, Yu F, Fu C, Gao H, Cheng M, Li B. TMT proteomics analysis reveals the mechanism of bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis and effects of Ginseng honeysuckle superfine powdered tea. Chin Med 2023; 18:60. [PMID: 37221600 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-023-00769-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is a chronic and potentially fatal lung disease and disorder. Although the active ingredients of ginseng honeysuckle superfine powdered tea (GHSPT) have been proven to have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects, the mechanism of GHSPT on PF remains unclear. The present study was to explore the underlying mechanism of GHSPT in treating PF based on proteomics and network pharmacology analysis and to confirm it in vivo. MATERIALS AND METHODS We used intratracheal instillation of bleomycin to induce the PF mouse model and GHSPT (640 mg/kg) intragastrically administrated to PF mice for 21 days. The lung tissues were harvested for TMT-based proteomics. The UPLC-Q-Exactive MS/MS analyze the serum migrant compounds of GHSPT in the PF mice. Moreover, components of GHSPT were harvested from the pharmacology database of the TCMSP system. PF-related targets were retrieved using NCBI and GeneCards databases. RESULTS Our results showed that GHSPT significantly alleviated PF mice. Proteomics analysis showed that 525 proteins had significantly changed in the lung of untreated PF mice. Among them, 19 differential proteins were back-regulated to normal levels after GHSPT therapy. Moreover, 25 compounds originating from GHSPT were identified in the serum sample. Network analysis showed 159 active ingredients and 92 drug targets against PF. The signaling pathways include apoptosis, ferroptosis, cytokine-cytokine receptor, P53, and PI3K-Akt signaling pathway. CONCLUSION The evidence suggests that GHSPT might play an effective role in the treatment of PF by multi-target interventions against multiple signaling pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Xin Yu
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Proteomics of Shandong Province, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, 107 Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, People's Republic of China
- Jinan Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Medicine, 202132001, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Yuan Gao
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Proteomics of Shandong Province, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, 107 Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, People's Republic of China
- Jinan Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Medicine, 202132001, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Wenqian Zhao
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Proteomics of Shandong Province, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, 107 Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, People's Republic of China
- Jinan Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Medicine, 202132001, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Yajuan Wang
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Proteomics of Shandong Province, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, 107 Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, People's Republic of China
- Jinan Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Medicine, 202132001, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Fei Yu
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Proteomics of Shandong Province, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, 107 Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, People's Republic of China
- Jinan Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Medicine, 202132001, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Chunli Fu
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Proteomics of Shandong Province, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, 107 Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, People's Republic of China
- Jinan Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Medicine, 202132001, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Haiqing Gao
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Proteomics of Shandong Province, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, 107 Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, People's Republic of China
- Jinan Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Medicine, 202132001, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Mei Cheng
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China.
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Proteomics of Shandong Province, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, 107 Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
- Jinan Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Medicine, 202132001, Jinan, 250012, China.
| | - Baoying Li
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Proteomics of Shandong Province, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, 107 Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
- Jinan Aixinzhuoer Medical Laboratory, Jinan, 250100, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Gui Y, Famurewa AC, Olatunji OJ. Naringin ameliorates 5-fluorouracil induced cardiotoxicity: An insight into its modulatory impact on oxidative stress, inflammatory and apoptotic parameters. Tissue Cell 2023; 81:102035. [PMID: 36753813 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2023.102035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
5-fluorouracil (5-FU) is an efficacious fluoropyrimidine antimetabolite anticancer drug, however, its clinical utility is constrained due to side effect toxicity on delicate organs, including the heart. This study thus aimed at exploring the cardioprotective potentials of naringin (NRG) against 5-FU-induced cardiotoxicity in rats. We divided Wistar rats into four experimental groups (n = 6) for the administration of NRG (100 mg/kg bw, orally) and/or 5-FU (150 mg/kg bw, intraperitoneal). NRG was administered for 10 days, while 5-FU was injected on the 8th day only. Serum troponin-I (cTn-I) and creatine kinase (CK) were estimated. Cardiac activities/level of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), reduced glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and nuclear factor-ĸB (NF-κB) and caspase-3 were determined. 5-FU markedly increased cTn-I, CK, cardiac inflammatory mediators and caspase-3 expressions, whereas antioxidant mediators decreased appreciably when compared to the control groups. Interestingly, the prophylactic administration of NRG prominently inhibited the 5-FU-provoked oxidative stress, pro-inflammation and apoptosis in the heart of rats. Histopathology confirmed the biochemical results of the heart. Therefore, NRG is a potential natural flavonoid for mitigation of 5-FU cardiotoxicity in rats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Gui
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Peoples Hospital of Wuhu, Wuhu 241001, Anhui, China
| | - Ademola C Famurewa
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medical Sciences, Alex-Ekwueme Federal University, Ndufu-Alike, Ikwo, Ebonyi, Nigeria; Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal University, Karnataka State, India
| | - Opeyemi Joshua Olatunji
- Traditional Thai Medical Research and Innovation Center, Faculty of Traditional Thai Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai 90110, Thailand; African Genome Center, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, Ben Guerir 43150, Morocco.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Fan R, Zhu C, Qiu D, Mao G, Mueller-Roeber B, Zeng J. Integrated transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses reveal key genes controlling flavonoid biosynthesis in Citrus grandis 'Tomentosa' fruits. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 196:210-221. [PMID: 36724705 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.01.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
As a well-recognized traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), immature fruits of Citrus grandis 'Tomentosa' (CGT) serve to cure chronic cough in humans. Specialized metabolites including flavonoids may have contribute to this curing effect. Knowledge about the molecular mechanisms underlying flavonoid biosynthesis in 'Tomentosa' fruits will, therefore, support the breeding of varieties with improved medicinal properties. Hence, we profiled the transcriptomes and metabolites of the fruits of two contrasting C. grandis varieties, namely 'Zheng-Mao' ('ZM') used in TCM production, and a locally cultivated pomelo, namely 'Guang-Qing' ('GQ'), at four developmental stages. A total of 39 flavonoids, including 14 flavanone/flavone, 5 isoflavonoids, 12 flavonols, and 6 anthocyanins, were identified, and 16 of which were quantitatively determined in the fruits of the two varieties. We found that 'ZM' fruits contain more flavonoids than 'GQ'. Specifically, rhoifolin levels were significantly higher in 'ZM' than in 'GQ'. We annotated 31,510 genes, including 1,387 previously unknown ones, via transcriptome sequencing of 'ZM' and 'GQ.' A total of 646 genes were found to be differentially expressed between 'ZM' and 'GQ' throughout at all four fruit developmental stages, indicating that they are robust expression markers for future breeding programs. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis identified 18 modules. Combined transcriptional and metabolic analysis revealed 25 genes related to flavonoid biosynthesis and 16 transcriptional regulators (MYBs, bHLHs, WD40) that may be involved in the flavonoids biosynthesis in C. grandis 'Tomentosa' fruits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruiyi Fan
- Institute of Fruit Tree Research, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of South Subtropical Fruit Biology and Genetic Resource Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fruit Tree Research, Guangzhou, 510640, China.
| | - Congyi Zhu
- Institute of Fruit Tree Research, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of South Subtropical Fruit Biology and Genetic Resource Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fruit Tree Research, Guangzhou, 510640, China.
| | - Diyang Qiu
- Institute of Fruit Tree Research, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of South Subtropical Fruit Biology and Genetic Resource Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fruit Tree Research, Guangzhou, 510640, China.
| | - Genlin Mao
- Institute of Fruit Tree Research, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of South Subtropical Fruit Biology and Genetic Resource Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fruit Tree Research, Guangzhou, 510640, China.
| | - Bernd Mueller-Roeber
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, 14476, Potsdam, Golm, Germany; Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476, Potsdam, Golm, Germany; Center of Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology (CPSBB), 139 Ruski Blvd., 4000, Plovdiv, Bulgaria.
| | - Jiwu Zeng
- Institute of Fruit Tree Research, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of South Subtropical Fruit Biology and Genetic Resource Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fruit Tree Research, Guangzhou, 510640, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Xu M, Xue H, Kong L, Lin L, Zheng G. Smilax china L. Polyphenols Improves Insulin Resistance and Obesity in High-fat Diet-induced Mice Through IRS/AKT-AMPK and NF-κB Signaling Pathways. PLANT FOODS FOR HUMAN NUTRITION (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2023:10.1007/s11130-023-01052-y. [PMID: 36826691 DOI: 10.1007/s11130-023-01052-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Smilax china L. is an important herb used in traditional Chinese medicine. In this study, the mechanism of Smilax china L. polyphenols (SCP) on insulin resistance and anti-obesity in mice induced by a high-fat diet (HFD) was investigated. Fifty female mice were randomly divided into five groups: control, HFD and low, medium, and high doses of SCP for 70 d. SCP significantly decreased intraperitoneal adipose tissue index, body weight gain, liver lipids, and serum inflammatory factor levels. Blood glucose and insulin concentrations, as well as insulin resistance index in SCP, were significantly lower than those in HFD. In addition, SCP markedly up-regulated the gene expression of glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4), insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS1), insulin receptor substrate 2 (IRS2), serine-threonine kinase (AKT), Acyl-CoA oxidase (ACO), and protein kinase A (PKA), and down-regulated the expression of mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1), sterol-responsive element-binding protein-1c (SREBP1c), fatty acid synthase (FAS), 3-hydroxy-3-methyl glutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HMGCR), and forkhead box protein O1 (FOXO1). SCP significantly increased the protein expression of AKT, GLUT4, AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), phosphorylated-AMPK (p-AMPK), phosphorylated-AKT (p-AKT), and uncoupling protein 1 (UCP-1), and decreased the expression of SREBP1c, FAS, HMGCR, phosphorylation of IKBα (p-IKBα), and nuclear factor kappa B subunit p65 (P65) in the liver. Overall, SCP effectively reduced HFD-induced insulin resistance and obesity in mice, partly through NF-κB and IRS/AKT-AMPK signaling pathways to regulate inflammatory factors. Therefore, SCP may improve lifestyle diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meng Xu
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Product and Functional Food, School of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, 330045, Nanchang, China
| | - Hui Xue
- Engineering Research Center of Biomass Conversion, Ministry of Education, Nanchang University, 330047, Nanchang, China
| | - Li Kong
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Product and Functional Food, School of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, 330045, Nanchang, China
| | - Lezhen Lin
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Product and Functional Food, School of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, 330045, Nanchang, China
| | - Guodong Zheng
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Product and Functional Food, School of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, 330045, Nanchang, China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Mahmoudi Z, Kalantar H, Mansouri E, Mohammadi E, Khodayar MJ. Dimethyl fumarate attenuates paraquat-induced pulmonary oxidative stress, inflammation and fibrosis in mice. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 190:105336. [PMID: 36740344 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2023.105336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Paraquat (PQ) is the most important cationic bipyridyl herbicide in the agricultural industry, which is very toxic to humans and animals and causes disruption in many organs, mainly in the lungs. Dimethyl fumarate (DMF) is an immune-modulating drug used in the treatment of multiple sclerosis and psoriasis shows antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antifibrotic effects. In this study, the ameliorative effects of DMF (10, 30 and 100 mg/kg, orally) on PQ (30 mg/kg) model of lung damage were evaluated in male mice. DMF was given daily for 7 days and PQ was administrated in the fourth day in a single dose. On the eighth day, the animals were sacrificed, and their lung tissue were removed. The results indicated that DMF can ameliorate PQ-induced the significant increase in lung index, hydroxyproline, as well as TBARS, TGF-β, NF-κB and decrease in the amount of total thiol, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, Nrf-2, and INF-γ. The histopathological results confirmed indicated findings. The results showed that the protective effect of DMF on PQ-induced toxicity is mediated through antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antifibrotic activities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zohreh Mahmoudi
- Toxicology Research Center, Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran; Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Hadi Kalantar
- Toxicology Research Center, Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran; Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Esrafil Mansouri
- Cellular and Molecular Research Centerx, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Elaheh Mohammadi
- Toxicology Research Center, Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran; Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Javad Khodayar
- Toxicology Research Center, Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran; Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Wei Y, Sun L, Liu C, Li L. Naringin regulates endoplasmic reticulum stress and mitophagy through the ATF3/PINK1 signaling axis to alleviate pulmonary fibrosis. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2023; 396:1155-1169. [PMID: 36688958 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-023-02390-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic progressive lung disease that is characterized by abnormal proliferation of fibroblasts and extracellular matrix remodeling, ultimately leading to respiratory insufficiency or even death. Naringin (Nar), a natural compound derived from grapefruit and citrus fruits, has several pharmacological activities that are associated with therapeutic benefits for IPF. However, the specific molecular mechanisms underlying its pulmonary tissue-protective effects remain largely unknown. This study aimed to investigate the effects of Nar on endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) and mitophagy. A bleomycin (BLM)-induced mouse model of IPF was established for treatment with different doses of Nar. Histopathological changes in the lung were examined by hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining and Masson staining. The extent of fibrosis was determined by measuring hydroxyproline and collagen expression levels. The levels of inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress indicators were determined by Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and biochemical kits. Western blot and immunofluorescence were used to evaluate the expression levels of the mitophagy-related markers. Cell apoptosis was estimated by western blot and TUNEL staining. Nar reduced the levels of inflammatory response, oxidative stress and decreased the proportion of apoptosis. Nar also inhibited the expression of the ERS and mitophagy-related genes and ERS-downstream proteins, thereby activating transcription factor (ATF) 3 and inhibiting the transcription of PTEN-induced kinase 1 (PINK1). Taken together, Nar is a promising therapeutic agent for treating IPF via inhibiting ERS, reducing apoptosis, and maintaining mitochondrial homeostasis, all of which may be associated with the regulation of the ATF3/PINK1 signaling axis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wei
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, China
| | - Lei Sun
- Department of Pharmacy, Aoshanwei Hospital of Qingdao Jimo District, Qingdao, 266235, China
| | - Chao Liu
- Department of Medical Imaging, Qingdao Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 4th Renmin Road, Qingdao, 266013, China.
| | - Lujia Li
- Department of Health Care, People's Liberation Army Navy 971 Hospital, Shandong Road, Qingdao, 266071, China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
A Comprehensive Review on Anti-Inflammatory Response of Flavonoids in Experimentally-Induced Epileptic Seizures. Brain Sci 2023; 13:brainsci13010102. [PMID: 36672083 PMCID: PMC9856497 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13010102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Flavonoids, a group of natural compounds with phenolic structure, are becoming popular as alternative medicines obtained from plants. These compounds are reported to have various pharmacological properties, including attenuation of inflammatory responses in multiple health issues. Epilepsy is a disorder of the central nervous system implicated with the activation of the inflammatory cascade in the brain. The aim of the present study was to summarize the role of various neuroinflammatory mediators in the onset and progression of epilepsy, and, thereafter, to discuss the flavonoids and their classes, including their biological properties. Further, we highlighted the modulation of anti-inflammatory responses achieved by these substances in different forms of epilepsy, as evident from preclinical studies executed on multiple epilepsy models. Overall, the review summarizes the available evidence of the anti-inflammatory potential of various flavonoids in epilepsy.
Collapse
|
12
|
Signaling pathways involved in paraquat-induced pulmonary toxicity: Molecular mechanisms and potential therapeutic drugs. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 113:109301. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.109301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
|
13
|
Milton-Laskibar I, Trepiana J, Macarulla MT, Gómez-Zorita S, Arellano-García L, Fernández-Quintela A, Portillo MP. Potential usefulness of Mediterranean diet polyphenols against COVID-19-induced inflammation: a review of the current knowledge. J Physiol Biochem 2022:10.1007/s13105-022-00926-0. [PMID: 36346507 PMCID: PMC9641689 DOI: 10.1007/s13105-022-00926-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The Mediterranean diet is a dietary pattern typical of the populations living in the Mediterranean basin during the 50s-60s of the last century. This diet has demonstrated beneficial effects in the prevention of several pathologies such as cardiovascular diseases, metabolic syndrome, or several cancer types, at least in part, due to its antioxidant compounds. Since the COVID-19 pandemic started, different authors have been studying the effects of certain dietary habits on the presence of COVID-19 and its severity, and the Mediterranean diet is one of them. This review gathers data from studies supporting the potential usefulness of the main phenolic compounds present in the Mediterranean diet, based on their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, as preventive/therapeutic agents against COVID-19. The current evidence supports the potential benefits that hydroxytyrosol, resveratrol, flavonols such as quercetin, flavanols like catechins, and flavanones on the order of naringenin could have on COVID-19. This is due to the increase in the synthesis and translocations of Nrf-2, which increases the activity of antioxidant enzymes and thus reduces ROS production, the scavenging of free radicals, and the suppression of the activity of MMP-9, which is involved in the cytokine storm, and the inhibition of NF-κB.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Iñaki Milton-Laskibar
- Precision Nutrition and Cardiometabolic Health Program, IMDEA- Food Institute (Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies), Spanish National Research Council, Campus of International Excellence (CEI) UAM+CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain ,CIBERobn Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jenifer Trepiana
- CIBERobn Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain ,Nutrition and Obesity Group, Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Lucio Lascaray Research Center, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain ,BIOARABA Health Research Institute, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - María Teresa Macarulla
- CIBERobn Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain ,Nutrition and Obesity Group, Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Lucio Lascaray Research Center, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain ,BIOARABA Health Research Institute, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Saioa Gómez-Zorita
- CIBERobn Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain ,Nutrition and Obesity Group, Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Lucio Lascaray Research Center, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain ,BIOARABA Health Research Institute, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Laura Arellano-García
- Nutrition and Obesity Group, Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Lucio Lascaray Research Center, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Alfredo Fernández-Quintela
- CIBERobn Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain ,Nutrition and Obesity Group, Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Lucio Lascaray Research Center, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain ,BIOARABA Health Research Institute, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - María P. Portillo
- CIBERobn Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain ,Nutrition and Obesity Group, Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Lucio Lascaray Research Center, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain ,BIOARABA Health Research Institute, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Rhana P, Barros GM, Santos VCDO, Costa AD, Santos DMD, Fernandes-Braga W, Durço AO, Santos MRV, Roman-Campos D, Vasconcelos CMLD, Cruz JS, Souza DS. S-limonene protects the heart in an experimental model of myocardial infarction induced by isoproterenol: Possible involvement of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species. Eur J Pharmacol 2022; 930:175134. [PMID: 35843301 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2022.175134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 06/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myocardial infarction (MI) is associated with high mortality rates, despite the fact that there are therapies available. Importantly, excessive oxidative stress may contribute to ischemia/reperfusion injury leading to death related to MI. In this scenario, naturally occurring antioxidant compounds are an important source of possible therapeutic intervention. Thus, this study sought to elucidate the mechanisms of cardioprotection of s-limonene in an isoproterenol-induced MI animal model. METHODS Wistar rats were treated with 1 mg/kg s-limonene (SL) or 100 mg/kg N-acetylcysteine (NAC, positive control) once, 30 min after isoproterenol-induced MI (applied in two doses with a 24 h interval). The protective effects of SL in the heart were examined via the serum level of creatine kinase myocardial band (CK-MB), electrocardiographic profile, infarct size and histological parameters. Using isolated cardiomyocytes, we also assessed calcium transient amplitude, cytosolic and mitochondrial oxidative stress and the expression of proteins related to oxidative stress. RESULTS SL at a concentration of 1 mg/kg attenuated isoproterenol-induced MI injury, by preventing ST-segment elevation and QTc prolongation in the ECG. SL reduced the infarct size and collagen content in cardiac tissue. At the cellular level, SL prevented increased Ca2+, associated with attenuation of cytosolic and mitochondrial oxidative stress. These changes resulted in a reduction of the oxidized form of Ca2+ Calmodulin-Dependent Kinase II (CaMKII) and restored superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activity. CONCLUSION Our data show that s-limonene promotes cardioprotection against MI injury, probably through inhibition of increased Ca2+ and attenuation of oxidative stress via CaMKII.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paula Rhana
- Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, University of California Davis, Davis, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | | | | | - Alexandre Dantas Costa
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Danillo Menezes Dos Santos
- Department of Physiology, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Brazil; Health Science Graduate Program, Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju, Brazil
| | - Weslley Fernandes-Braga
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Aimée Obolari Durço
- Department of Physiology, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Brazil; Health Science Graduate Program, Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju, Brazil
| | - Márcio Roberto Viana Santos
- Department of Physiology, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Brazil; Health Science Graduate Program, Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju, Brazil
| | - Danilo Roman-Campos
- Department of Biophysics, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Jader Santos Cruz
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
| | - Diego Santos Souza
- Department of Biophysics, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Cheng L, Wang D, Deng B, Li J, Zhang J, Guo X, Yan T, Yue X, An Y, Zhang B, Xie J. DR7dA, a novel antioxidant peptide analog, demonstrates antifibrotic activity in pulmonary fibrosis in vivo and in vitro. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2022; 382:100-112. [PMID: 35772783 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.121.001031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis (PF), which is characterized by enhanced extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition, is an interstitial lung disease that lacks an ideal clinical treatment strategy. It has an extremely poor prognosis, with an average survival of 3-5 years after diagnosis. Our previous studies have shown that the antioxidant peptide DR8 (DHNNPQIR), which is extracted and purified from rapeseed, can alleviate PF and renal fibrosis. However, natural peptides are easily degraded by proteases in vivo, which limits their potency. We have since synthesized a series of DR8 analogs based on amino acid scanning substitution. DR7dA (DHNNPQ (D-alanine) R) is an analog of DR8 in which L-isoleucine (L-Ile) is replaced with D-alanine (D-Ala), and its half-life is better than that of DR8. In the current study, we verified that DR7dA ameliorated TGF-β1-induced fibrogenesis and bleomycin-induced PF. The results indicated that DR7dA reduced the protein and mRNA levels of TGF-β1-target genes in TGF-β1-induced models. Surprisingly, DR7dA blocked fibrosis in a lower concentration range than DR8 in cells. In addition, DR7dA ameliorated tissue pathological changes and ECM accumulation in mice. BLM caused severe oxidative damage, but administration of DR7dA reduced oxidative stress and restored antioxidant defense. Mechanistic studies suggested that DR7dA inhibits ERK, P38 and JNK phosphorylation in vivo and in vitro All results indicated that DR7dA attenuated PF by inhibiting ECM deposition and oxidative stress via blockade of the MAPK pathway. Hence, compared with its parent peptide, DR7dA has higher druggability and could be a candidate compound for PF treatment in the future. Significance Statement In order to improve druggability of DR8, we investigated the structure-activity relationship of it and replaced the L-Ile with D-Ala. We found that the stability and antifibrotic activity of DR7dA were significantly improved than DR8, as well as DR7dA significantly attenuated TGF-β1-induced fibrogenesis and ameliorated BLM-induced fibrosis by inhibiting ECM deposition and oxidative stress via blockade of the MAPK pathway, suggesting DR7dA may be a promising candidate compound for the treatment of PF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Dan Wang
- School of Basic Medical Science, Lanzhou University, China
| | - Bochuan Deng
- School of Basic Medical Science, Lanzhou University, China
| | - Jieru Li
- School of Basic Medical Science, Lanzhou University, China
| | - Jiao Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Science, Lanzhou University, China
| | - Xiaomin Guo
- School of Basic Medical Science, Lanzhou University, China
| | - Tiantian Yan
- School of Basic Medical Science, Lanzhou University, China
| | - Xin Yue
- School of Basic Medical Science, Lanzhou University, China
| | - Yingying An
- School of Basic Medical Science, Lanzhou University, China
| | - Bangzhi Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Science, Lanzhou University, China
| | - Junqiu Xie
- School of Basic Medical Science, Lanzhou University, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Li R, Jia Y, Kong X, Nie Y, Deng Y, Liu Y. Novel drug delivery systems and disease models for pulmonary fibrosis. J Control Release 2022; 348:95-114. [PMID: 35636615 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.05.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is a serious and progressive lung disease which is possibly life-threatening. It causes lung scarring and affects lung functions including epithelial cell injury, massive recruitment of immune cells and abnormal accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM). There is currently no cure for PF. Treatment for PF is aimed at slowing the course of the disease and relieving symptoms. Pirfenidone (PFD) and nintedanib (NDNB) are currently the only two FDA-approved oral medicines to slow down the progress of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, a specific type of PF. Novel drug delivery systems and therapies have been developed to improve the prognosis of the disease, as well as reduce or minimize the toxicities during drug treatment. The drug delivery routes for these therapies are various including oral, intravenous, nasal, inhalant, intratracheal and transdermal; although this is dependent on specific treatment mechanisms. In addition, researchers have also expanded current animal models that could not fully restore the clinicopathology, and developed a series of in vitro models such as organoids to study the pathogenesis and treatment of PF. This review describes recent advances on pathogenesis exploration, classifies and specifies the progress of drug delivery systems by their delivery routes, as well as an overview on the in vitro and in vivo models for PF research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Yizhen Jia
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Xiaohan Kong
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Yichu Nie
- Clinical Research Institute, The First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan 528000, China
| | - Yang Deng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Yang Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Yeqing C, Xinsheng F, Liping Z, Fangyuan H, Pengli W. Screening and evaluation of quality markers from Shuangshen Pingfei formula for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis using network pharmacology and pharmacodynamic, phytochemical, and pharmacokinetic analyses. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 100:154040. [PMID: 35334302 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Shuangshen Pingfei formula (SSPF), a classic Chinese medicine derivative formula, has been shown to exert therapeutic effects on idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). However, the quality control compounds of SSPF remain unclear. PURPOSE To select and confirm Q-markers of SSPF based on network pharmacology, cytobiology, animal-based pharmacodynamics, and phytochemical and pharmacokinetic analyses. METHODS A compound-target network was constructed based on previous research. In addition, high-degree compounds of SSPF were chosen as potential Q-marker candidates. Animal and cytological experiments were performed to verify key targets of IPF. Haematoxylin-eosin and Masson's trichrome staining were used to observe lung tissue pathology. Cytokine levels in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were measured using ELISA kits. Gene and protein expression levels were determined using PCR and western blotting, respectively. The contents of Q-marker candidates in different batches of SSPF were then determined for traceability research, and the quality consistency of SSPF was objectively evaluated using principal component analysis (PCA). Finally, pharmacokinetic research was performed, and candidates with desirable metabolite and bioavailability parameters were confirmed as Q-markers of SSPF. RESULTS The compound-target network included 56 compounds and 14 therapeutic targets. Animal experiments showed that SSPF attenuates lung fibrosis. SSPF decreased CC motif chemokine 2 (CCL2) and CC chemokine receptor type 2 (CCR2) levels in the BALF and downregulated the gene and protein expression of IPF therapy-related molecules, such as 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A (HTR2A), CCL2, and CCR2, in the lungs. Cell experiments showed that nine Q-marker candidates in SSPF regulated the expression of CCL2 and CCR2, as predicted. Phytochemical analysis and PCA indicated that the qualities of SSPF in the nine batches were relatively stable. Pharmacokinetic studies demonstrated that mangiferin, salvianolic acid B, tanshinone IIA, naringin, and glycyrrhizic acid could be effectively absorbed into rat plasma, which ensured desirable bioavailability and confirmed their roles as Q-markers to represent anti-pulmonary fibrotic activity. CONCLUSION Our study is an integrated strategy, based on network pharmacology with experimental verification and phytochemical and pharmacokinetic analyses that provides a novel approach for Q-marker selection and validation of SSPF for IPF treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chen Yeqing
- College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Fan Xinsheng
- College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Zhou Liping
- College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Hu Fangyuan
- College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Wang Pengli
- College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Gao M, Zhang Z, Zhang Y, Li M, Che X, Cui X, Wang M, Xiong Y. Steamed Panax notoginseng attenuates renal anemia in an adenine-induced mouse model of chronic kidney disease. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 288:114941. [PMID: 35007683 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Panax notoginseng (PN) (Burk.) F. H. Chen is a medicinal herb used to treat blood disorders since ancient times, of which the steamed form exhibits the anti-anemia effect and acts with a "blood-tonifying" function according to the traditional use. However, its pharmacological effect and mechanism on alleviating renal anemia (RA) are still unclear. AIMS OF THE STUDY The study aims to investigate the effect of steamed Panax notoginseng (SPN) to attenuate RA and its underlying mechanism based on the model of adenine-induced RA mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS Seventy mice were randomly divided into seven groups of ten: the control group, model group, the erythropoietin (EPO) group, the Fufang E'jiao Jiang (FEJ) group, the high-dose steamed PN (H-SPN) group, the middle-dose steamed PN (M-SPN) group, and the low-dose steamed PN (L-SPN) group. The adenine induction RA model was applied to assess the "blood enriching" function of SPN. The blood routine indexes, erythrocyte fragility, pathologic morphology of kidney tissue and the expression levels of related cytokines and proteins in the mice were detected after 3-week administration with SPN and positive drugs. RESULTS Our study provided evidences that SPN could ameliorate RA. Compared with the control group, SPN could attenuate RA by significantly increasing the numbers of peripheral blood cells (p < 0.01), improving the erythrocyte fragility (p < 0.01), and restoring the expression of EPO mRNA in the kidneys and EPO receptor mRNA in bone marrow nucleated cells. The expression of TGF-β1 mRNA was declined and the expression of HGF mRNA was significantly increased in a dose-dependent way after the treatment of SPN. Additionally, the expression of Bcl-2 and Bcl-2/Bax ratio in the kidneys were significantly increased. In contrast, there was a highly significant decrease in the expression of Bax (p < 0.01), following SPN treatment. CONCLUSION SPN could alleviate RA by promoting the overall hematopoiesis and inhibiting the progress of renal injury in mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min Gao
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China; Yunnan Key Laboratory of Panax notoginseng, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Zejun Zhang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China; Yunnan Key Laboratory of Panax notoginseng, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Yiming Zhang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China; Yunnan Key Laboratory of Panax notoginseng, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Minghui Li
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China; Yunnan Key Laboratory of Panax notoginseng, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Xiaoyan Che
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China; Yunnan Key Laboratory of Panax notoginseng, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Xiuming Cui
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China; Yunnan Key Laboratory of Panax notoginseng, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Mei Wang
- Leiden University-European Center for Chinese Medicine and Natural Compounds, Institute of Biology Leiden, Leiden University, Leiden, 2333BE, the Netherlands; SU Biomedicine B.V., Leiden, 2333BE, the Netherlands; Center for Drug Discovery & Technology Development of Yunnan Traditional Medicine, Kunming, 650217, China
| | - Yin Xiong
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China; Yunnan Key Laboratory of Panax notoginseng, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China; Leiden University-European Center for Chinese Medicine and Natural Compounds, Institute of Biology Leiden, Leiden University, Leiden, 2333BE, the Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Gao C, Wu M, Du Q, Deng J, Shen J. Naringin Mediates Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis for Antidepression via Activating CREB Signaling. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:731831. [PMID: 35478969 PMCID: PMC9037031 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.731831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The brain-derived neurotrophic factor/tropomyosin receptor kinase B/cAMP response element-binding protein (BDNF/TrkB/CREB) signaling pathway is a critical therapeutic target for inducing adult hippocampal neurogenesis and antidepressant therapy. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that naringin, a natural medicinal compound, could promote adult hippocampal neurogenesis and improve depression-like behaviors via regulating the BDNF/TrkB/CREB signaling pathway. We first investigated the effects of naringin on promoting adult hippocampal neurogenesis in both normal and chronic corticosterone (CORT)-induced depressive mice. Under physiological condition, naringin treatment enhanced the proliferation of neural stem/progenitor cells (NSPCs) and accelerated neuronal differentiation. In CORT-induced depression mouse model, naringin treatment promoted neuronal differentiation and maturation of NSPCs for hippocampal neurogenesis. Forced swim test, tail suspension test, and open field test confirmed the antidepressant and anxiolytic effects of naringin. Co-treatment of temozolomide (TMZ), a neurogenic inhibitor, abolished these antidepressant and anxiolytic effects. Meanwhile, naringin treatment increased phosphorylation of cAMP response element binding protein (CREB) but had no effect on the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor and phosphorylation of TrkB in the hippocampus of CORT-induced depressive mice. Co-treatment of CREB inhibitor 666-15, rather than TrkB inhibitor Cyc-B, abolished the neurogenesis-promoting and antidepressant effects of naringin. Taken together, naringin has antidepressant and anxiolytic effects, and the underlying mechanisms could be attributed to enhance hippocampal neurogenesis via activating CREB signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chong Gao
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hon Kong SAR, China
- The Institute of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University City College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Meiling Wu
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hon Kong SAR, China
| | - Qiaohui Du
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hon Kong SAR, China
| | - Jiagang Deng
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Efficacy Study on Chinese Materia Medica, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
| | - Jiangang Shen
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hon Kong SAR, China
- *Correspondence: Jiangang Shen,
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Gupta G, Almalki WH, Kazmi I, Fuloria NK, Fuloria S, Subramaniyan V, Sekar M, Singh SK, Chellappan DK, Dua K. Current update on the protective effect of naringin in inflammatory lung diseases. EXCLI JOURNAL 2022; 21:573-579. [PMID: 35721579 PMCID: PMC9203983 DOI: 10.17179/excli2022-4752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav Gupta
- School of Pharmacy, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Jagatpura 302017, Mahal Road, Jaipur, India,Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, India,*To whom correspondence should be addressed: Gaurav Gupta, School of Pharmacy, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Jagatpura 302017, Mahal Road, Jaipur, India, E-mail:
| | - Waleed Hassan Almalki
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Imran Kazmi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Shivkanya Fuloria
- Faculty of Pharmacy, AIMST University, Bedong 08100, Kedah, Malaysia
| | - Vetriselvan Subramaniyan
- Faculty of Medicine, Bioscience and Nursing, MAHSA University, Jalan SP 2, Bandar Saujana Putra, 42610 Jenjarom Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mahendran Sekar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Royal College of Medicine Perak, Universiti Kuala Lumpur, Ipoh 30450, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Sachin Kumar Singh
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, 144411, India,Faculty of Health, Australian Research Center in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Dinesh Kumar Chellappan
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, 57000, Malaysia
| | - Kamal Dua
- Faculty of Health, Australian Research Center in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia,Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Lee DH, Woo JK, Heo W, Huang WY, Kim Y, Chung S, Lee GH, Park JW, Han BK, Shin EC, Pan JH, Kim JK, Kim YJ. Citrus junos Tanaka Peel Extract and Its Bioactive Naringin Reduce Fine Dust-Induced Respiratory Injury Markers in BALB/c Male Mice. Nutrients 2022; 14:1101. [PMID: 35268078 PMCID: PMC8912745 DOI: 10.3390/nu14051101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Particulate matter (PM) 10 refers to fine dust with a diameter of less than 10 µm and induces apoptosis and inflammatory responses through oxidative stress. Citrus junos Tanaka is a citrus fruit and contains bioactive flavonoids including naringin. In the present study, we aimed to identify the preventive effect of Citrus junos Tanaka peel extract (CPE) against PM10-induced lung injury. As a proof of concept, NCI-H460 cells were treated with CPE (800 μg/mL, 12 h) in conjunction with PM10 to examine intracellular antioxidative capacity in the pulmonary system. In an in vivo model, male BALB/c mice (n = 8/group) were randomly assigned into five groups: NEG (saline-treated), POS (PM10 only), NAR (PM10 + naringin, 100 mg/kg), CPL (PM10 + CPE low, 100 mg/kg), and CPH (PM10 + CPE high, 400 mg/kg). Intervention groups received dietary supplementations for 7 days followed by PM10 exposure (100 mg/kg, intranasal instillation). Compared to the NEG, the CPE decreased to 22% of the ROS generation and significantly increased cell viability in vitro. The histological assessments confirmed that pulmonary damages were alleviated in the PM10 + CPL group compared to the POS. Pro-inflammatory cytokines and NF-κB/apoptosis signaling-related markers were decreased in the PM10 + CPL group compared to the POS. These results indicated that CPE showed promising efficacy in preventing pulmonary injuries in vivo. Such protection can be explained by the anti-oxidative capacity of CPE, likely due to its bioactives, including naringin (7.74 mg/g CPE). Follow-up human intervention, as well as population-level studies, will further shed light on the preventive efficacy of CPE against pulmonary damage in humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Hun Lee
- Department of Food and Biotechnology, Korea University, Sejong 30019, Korea; (D.-H.L.); (J.-K.W.); (W.-Y.H.); (B.-K.H.)
| | - Jin-Kyung Woo
- Department of Food and Biotechnology, Korea University, Sejong 30019, Korea; (D.-H.L.); (J.-K.W.); (W.-Y.H.); (B.-K.H.)
| | - Wan Heo
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Seowon University, Cheongju 28647, Korea;
| | - Wen-Yan Huang
- Department of Food and Biotechnology, Korea University, Sejong 30019, Korea; (D.-H.L.); (J.-K.W.); (W.-Y.H.); (B.-K.H.)
| | - Yunsik Kim
- Lotte R&D Center, Seoul 07594, Korea; (Y.K.); (S.C.); (G.-H.L.); (J.-W.P.)
| | - Soohak Chung
- Lotte R&D Center, Seoul 07594, Korea; (Y.K.); (S.C.); (G.-H.L.); (J.-W.P.)
| | - Gyeong-Hweon Lee
- Lotte R&D Center, Seoul 07594, Korea; (Y.K.); (S.C.); (G.-H.L.); (J.-W.P.)
| | - Jae-Woong Park
- Lotte R&D Center, Seoul 07594, Korea; (Y.K.); (S.C.); (G.-H.L.); (J.-W.P.)
| | - Bok-Kyung Han
- Department of Food and Biotechnology, Korea University, Sejong 30019, Korea; (D.-H.L.); (J.-K.W.); (W.-Y.H.); (B.-K.H.)
| | - Eui-Chul Shin
- Department of Food Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea;
| | - Jeong-Hoon Pan
- Department of Behavioral Health and Nutrition, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA; (J.-H.P.); (J.-K.K.)
| | - Jae-Kyeom Kim
- Department of Behavioral Health and Nutrition, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA; (J.-H.P.); (J.-K.K.)
| | - Young-Jun Kim
- Department of Food and Biotechnology, Korea University, Sejong 30019, Korea; (D.-H.L.); (J.-K.W.); (W.-Y.H.); (B.-K.H.)
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Insights into molecular mechanism of action of citrus flavonoids hesperidin and naringin on lipid bilayers using spectroscopic, calorimetric, microscopic and theoretical studies. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2021.118411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
23
|
Ji P, Li H, Jin Y, Peng Y, Zhao L, Wang X. C. elegans as an in vivo model system for the phenotypic drug discovery for treating paraquat poisoning. PeerJ 2022; 10:e12866. [PMID: 35178301 PMCID: PMC8815376 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.12866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Paraquat (PQ) is an effective and widely used herbicide and causes numerous fatalities by accidental or voluntary ingestion. However, neither the final cytotoxic mechanism nor effective treatments for PQ poisoning have been discovered. Phenotypic drug discovery (PDD), which does not rely on the molecular mechanism of the diseases, is having a renaissance in recent years owing to its potential to address the incompletely understood complexity of diseases. Herein, the C. elegans PDD model was established to pave the way for the future phenotypic discovery of potential agents for treating PQ poisoning. METHODS C. elegans were treated with PQ-containing solid medium followed by statistical analysis of worm survival, pharyngeal pumping, and movement ability. Furthermore, coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) was used to test the C. elegans model of PQ poisoning by measuring the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA), mitochondrial morphology, and worm survival rate. Additionally, we used the classic mice model of PQ intoxication to evaluate the validity of the C. elegans model of PQ poisoning by measuring the effect of CoQ10 as a potential antidote for PQ poisoning. RESULTS In the C. elegans model of PQ poisoning, 5 mg/mL PQ increased the levels of ROS, MDA content, mitochondrial fragments, which significantly shortened the lifespan, while CoQ10 alleviated these phenotypes. In the mice model of PQ poisoning, CoQ10 increased the chance of survival in PQ poisoned mice while reducing ROS, MDA content in lung tissue and inhibiting PQ-induced lung edema. Moreover, CoQ10 alleviated the lung morphopathological changes induced by PQ. CONCLUSION Here we established a C. elegans model of PQ poisoning, whose validity was confirmed by the classic mice model of PQ intoxication.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Ji
- College of Life Science and Technology, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun, China
| | - Hongyuan Li
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry (CIAC), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Changchun, China
| | - Yushan Jin
- Department of Immunology and Department of Cell & Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Yinghua Peng
- Key Laboratory of Special Animal Molecular Biology of Jilin Province, Specialty Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Lihui Zhao
- College of Life Science and Technology, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun, China
| | - Xiaohui Wang
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry (CIAC), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Changchun, China,Department of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China,Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Li X, Chu L, Liu S, Zhang W, Lin L, Zheng G. Smilax china L. flavonoid alleviates HFHS-induced inflammation by regulating the gut-liver axis in mice. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 95:153728. [PMID: 34561124 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2021.153728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 08/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Smilax china L., a traditional Chinese herb, has been used to treat various inflammatory disorders, particularly pelvic inflammation. The anti-inflammatory activity of the plant extract has been reported in several in vivo experimental models. However, the underlying anti-inflammatory mechanisms and the role of gut microbiota in mice on Smilax china L. flavonoid (SCF) treatment are poorly understand. PURPOSE To investigate the role of SCF in providing the anti-inflammatory response and the role of gut microbiota in high-fat/high-sucrose (HFHS)-induced obese mice for 12 weeks. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into seven groups, normal chow (NC), HFHS, Orlistat, SCE, and low-, medium-, high- doses of SCF for 12 weeks. The body weight, liver weight, serum concentrations of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and inflammatory cytokines in mice were assessed. The gene and protein expression levels of inflammation-related markers were measured by qRT-PCR and Western blot. Finally, the composition of gut microbiota was detected by analyzing 16S rDNA gene sequences. RESULTS SCF supplement reduced body weight gain, adipose tissue and liver indexes, attenuated serum levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-6, LPS, and increased IL-10, and adiponectin. SCF significantly reduced the mRNA expression levels of TNF-α, IL-6, and increased the expression of AMPK, PPAR-γ, and IL-10 in mice's liver and adipose tissues. In addition, the TLR4, p-IκBα, NF-κB, and p65 protein expression levels were reduced after the SCF supplement. Moreover, SCF treatment ameliorated HFHS-induced gut dysbiosis, as revealed by an increased intestinal barrier protective species (Akkermansia spp). The relative abundance of Streptococcaceae, Faecalibaculum, and endotoxin-producing Desulfovibrionaceae were significantly decreased on SCF supplements. CONCLUSION The results showed that SCF effectively inhibits HFHS-induced inflammation by suppressing the LPS-producing bacteria and pro-inflammatory bacteria group. Furthermore, the abundance of gut barrier protective species Akkermansia spp was increased to alleviate inflammatory response, inhibiting the LPS-TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway. Thus, SCF may be a promising prophylactic for diet-induced inflammatory diseases through the gut-liver axis in mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Li
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Product and Functional Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Lulu Chu
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Product and Functional Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Shanshan Liu
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Product and Functional Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Wenkai Zhang
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Product and Functional Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Lezhen Lin
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Product and Functional Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Guodong Zheng
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Product and Functional Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Wang W, Zheng F, Zhang A. Arsenic-induced lung inflammation and fibrosis in a rat model: Contribution of the HMGB1/RAGE, PI3K/AKT, and TGF-β1/SMAD pathways. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2021; 432:115757. [PMID: 34673086 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2021.115757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Revised: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
An increasing number of studies have shown that arsenic exposure increases the risk of lung cancer as well as a variety of non-malignant respiratory diseases, including bronchitis and tracheobronchitis. HMGB1 is widely expressed in a variety of tissues and cells and is involved in the pathological processes of many lung diseases through binding to the corresponding receptors and activating the downstream signaling pathways. However, the exact role of HMGB1/RAGE in arsenic-induced lung injury remains unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate whether HMGB1/RAGE and its activated downstream pathways are involved in the process of arsenic exposure-induced lung injury in rats. In this study, an animal model of oral exposure to arsenic was induced using 2.5, 5 and 10 mg/kg NaAsO2. The results showed that capillary permeability (LDH, TP, ACP, and AKP) was increased in the arsenic exposure groups, resulting in cell damage; this was accompanied by acute inflammation marked by significant neutrophil infiltration. Meanwhile, obvious histopathological damage, including thickening of the lung epithelium, increased infiltration of inflammatory cells, rupture of the alveolar wall, swelling of the mitochondria, and chromatin agglutination was observed by H&E staining and transmission electron microscopy. Furthermore, the results confirmed that the expressions of HMGB1 and RAGE in lung tissue were enhanced, and protein expression of PI3K, p-AKT, IL-1β, IL-18, and MMP-9 was increased in lung homogenates from the arsenic-exposed groups compared to the control group. Finally, Masson's staining results revealed arsenic-induced fibrosis and collagen deposition. Moreover, a significant increase in key fibrosis factors, including TGF-β1, p-SMAD2, p-SMAD3, and SMAD4 was observed in the lung homogenates in arsenic-exposed groups. In conclusion, the current study demonstrates that sub-chronic arsenic exposure triggers the inflammatory response and collagen fiber deposition in rat lung tissue. The potential mechanism may be closely related to activation of the pro-inflammatory-related HMGB1/RAGE pathway and initiation of the PI3K/AKT and TGF-β1/SMAD pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenjuan Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, PR China
| | - Fanyan Zheng
- The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, PR China
| | - Aihua Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Kotta S, Aldawsari HM, Badr-Eldin SM, Binmahfouz LS, Bakhaidar RB, Sreeharsha N, Nair AB, Ramnarayanan C. Aerosol Delivery of Surfactant Liposomes for Management of Pulmonary Fibrosis: An Approach Supporting Pulmonary Mechanics. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13111851. [PMID: 34834265 PMCID: PMC8625129 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13111851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Excessive architectural re-modeling of tissues in pulmonary fibrosis due to proliferation of myofibroblasts and deposition of extracellular matrix adversely affects the elasticity of the alveoli and lung function. Progressively destructive chronic inflammatory disease, therefore, necessitates safe and effective non-invasive airway delivery that can reach deep alveoli, restore the surfactant function and reduce oxidative stress. We designed an endogenous surfactant-based liposomal delivery system of naringin to be delivered as an aerosol that supports pulmonary mechanics for the management of pulmonary fibrosis. Phosphatidylcholine-based liposomes showed 91.5 ± 2.4% encapsulation of naringin, with a mean size of 171.4 ± 5.8 nm and zeta potential of −15.5 ± 1.3 mV. Liposomes with the unilamellar structure were found to be spherical and homogeneous in shape using electron microscope imaging. The formulation showed surface tension of 32.6 ± 0.96 mN/m and was able to maintain airway patency of 97 ± 2.5% for a 120 s test period ensuring the effective opening of lung capillaries and deep lung delivery. In vitro lung deposition utilizing Twin Stage Impinger showed 79 ± 1.5% deposition in lower airways, and Anderson Cascade Impactor deposition revealed a mass median aerodynamic diameter of 2.35 ± 1.02 μm for the aerosolized formulation. In vivo efficacy of the developed formulation was analyzed in bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis model in rats after administration by the inhalation route. Lactate dehydrogenase activity, total protein content, and inflammatory cell infiltration in broncho-alveolar lavage fluid were substantially reduced by liposomal naringin. Oxidative stress was minimized as observed from levels of antioxidant enzymes. Masson’s Trichrome staining of lung tissue revealed significant amelioration of histological changes and lesser deposition of collagen. Overall results indicated the therapeutic potential of the developed non-invasive aerosol formulation for the effective management of pulmonary fibrosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sabna Kotta
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (H.M.A.); (S.M.B.-E.); (R.B.B.)
- Center of Excellence for Drug Research and Pharmaceutical Industries, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +966-558-734-418
| | - Hibah Mubarak Aldawsari
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (H.M.A.); (S.M.B.-E.); (R.B.B.)
- Center of Excellence for Drug Research and Pharmaceutical Industries, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shaimaa M. Badr-Eldin
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (H.M.A.); (S.M.B.-E.); (R.B.B.)
- Center of Excellence for Drug Research and Pharmaceutical Industries, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lenah S. Binmahfouz
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Rana Bakur Bakhaidar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (H.M.A.); (S.M.B.-E.); (R.B.B.)
| | - Nagaraja Sreeharsha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia; (N.S.); (A.B.N.)
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Vidya Siri College of Pharmacy, Off Sarjapura Road, Bangalore 560035, India
| | - Anroop B. Nair
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia; (N.S.); (A.B.N.)
| | - Chandramouli Ramnarayanan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Vidya Siri College of Pharmacy, Off Sarjapura Road, Bangalore 560035, India;
- Global Technical Enablement JMP Division, SAS India Pvt. Ltd., Lavelle Road, Bengaluru 560025, India
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
HPMC improves protective effects of naringenin and isonicotinamide co-crystals against abdominal aortic aneurysm. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 2021; 36:1109-1119. [PMID: 34491473 DOI: 10.1007/s10557-021-07206-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) rupture is one of the most common causes of mortality in cardiovascular diseases, but currently there is no approved drug for AAA treatment or prevention in the clinic. Naringenin (NGN) has been reported to have anti-AAA effects. However, water solubility and in vivo absorption of NGN are not satisfactory, which leads to its low bioavailability, thus affecting its pharmacological effects. In this project, the improving effects of isonicotinamide (INT) co-crystal and hydroxy propyl methyl cellulose (HPMC) or polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) on the solubility, in vivo absorption, and anti-AAA effects of NGN were evaluated. METHODS In the current study, co-crystals of naringenin-isonicotinamide (NGN-INT) were prepared, and effects of PVP or HPMC on precipitation rate, supersaturation, and bioavailability of NGN were explored. In addition, with or without HPMC supply, the effects of NGN-INT co-crystal on anti-AAA efficacy of NGN were investigated on an elastase-induced AAA mouse model, and the results were compared with the efficacy of the NGN crude drug. RESULTS Our results demonstrate that NGN-INT formulation, compared to the NGN crude drug, enhanced the dissolution rate of NGN and significantly increased Cmax and AUC(0-∞) of NGN by 18 times and 1.97 times, respectively. Addition of PVP or HPMC in NGN-INT co-crystal further increased bioavailability of NGN in NGN-INT. The in vivo pharmacodynamic study showed that NGN-INT with HPMC significantly improved the inhibitory effects of NGN against AAA. CONCLUSION NGN-INT significantly improved the absorption and aortic protective effects of NGN. The supersaturation-prolonging effect of HPMC further enhanced bioavailability and anti-AAA effects of NGN-INT.
Collapse
|
28
|
Wu Y, Cai C, Xiang Y, Zhao H, Lv L, Zeng C. Naringin Ameliorates Monocrotaline-Induced Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Through Endothelial-To-Mesenchymal Transition Inhibition. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:696135. [PMID: 34335261 PMCID: PMC8320371 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.696135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) caused by enhanced arterial pressure increases vessel resistance in the lung. Endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT) plays key roles in the vascular remodeling in PAH. Naringin, a protective gaseous mediator is commonly extracted from tomatoes and citrus fruits (such as grapefruits), and demonstrates anti-inflammation, anti-oxidant, anti-proliferation, and anti-tumor effects. Meanwhile, the association of Naringin and the process of EndMT is still unclear. In this study, monocrotaline (MCT) administration (60 mg/kg) was delivered for the induction of PAH in rats. Following this, Naringin (concentrations: 25, 50, and 100 mg/kg/day) was used for treatments. Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells (HUVECs) were stimulated with Naringin and transforming growth factor β1 (TGFβ1, 10 ng/ml). As the result, Naringin was demonstrated to inhibit EndMT and alleviate PAH progression. In particular, in HUVECs, Naringin significantly suppressed the mesenchymal marker expression induced by TGFβ1 treatment, enhanced the endothelial marker expression, and inhibited the activation of ERK and NF-κB signaling pathways. To conclude, this study provided novel evidence suggesting the beneficial effects of Naringin in PAH through the inhibition of the ERK and NF-κB signaling pathways and the EndMT progression in pulmonary arteries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yonghui Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Lishui Hospital of Zhejiang University, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui Municipal Central Hospital, Lishui, China
| | - Changhong Cai
- Department of Cardiology, Lishui Hospital of Zhejiang University, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui Municipal Central Hospital, Lishui, China
| | - Yijia Xiang
- Department of Cardiology, Lishui Hospital of Zhejiang University, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui Municipal Central Hospital, Lishui, China
| | - Huan Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Lishui Hospital of Zhejiang University, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui Municipal Central Hospital, Lishui, China
| | - Lingchun Lv
- Department of Cardiology, Lishui Hospital of Zhejiang University, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui Municipal Central Hospital, Lishui, China
| | - Chunlai Zeng
- Department of Cardiology, Lishui Hospital of Zhejiang University, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui Municipal Central Hospital, Lishui, China
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Naringin Ameliorates Cognitive Impairment in Streptozotocin/Nicotinamide Induced Type 2 Diabetes in Wistar Rats via inhibition of Inflammation and Acetylcholinesterase Activity. PHYSIOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.52547/phypha.26.1.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
30
|
Herbal Active Ingredients: Potential for the Prevention and Treatment of Acute Lung Injury. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:5543185. [PMID: 34258266 PMCID: PMC8245226 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5543185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI) is a life-threatening clinical syndrome with high morbidity and mortality. The main pathological features of ALI are increased alveolar-capillary membrane permeability, edema, uncontrolled migration of neutrophils to the lungs, and diffuse alveolar damage, resulting in acute hypoxemic respiratory failure. Glucocorticoids, aspirin, and other anti-inflammatory drugs are commonly used to treat ALI. Respiratory supports, such as a ventilator, are used to alleviate hypoxemia. Many treatment methods are available, but they cannot significantly ameliorate the quality of life of patients with ALI and reduce mortality rates. Herbal active ingredients, such as flavonoids, terpenoids, saponins, alkaloids, and quinonoids, exhibit advantages for ALI prevention and treatment, but the underlying mechanism needs further study. This paper summarizes the role of herbal active ingredients in anti-ALI therapy and progresses in the understanding of their mechanisms. The work also provides some references and insights for the discovery and development of novel drugs for ALI prevention and treatment.
Collapse
|
31
|
Anderson T, Merrill AK, Eckard ML, Marvin E, Conrad K, Welle K, Oberdörster G, Sobolewski M, Cory-Slechta DA. Paraquat Inhalation, a Translationally Relevant Route of Exposure: Disposition to the Brain and Male-Specific Olfactory Impairment in Mice. Toxicol Sci 2021; 180:175-185. [PMID: 33372994 PMCID: PMC7916739 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfaa183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological and experimental studies have associated oral and systemic exposures to the herbicide paraquat (PQ) with Parkinson's disease. Despite recognition that airborne particles and solutes can be directly translocated to the brain via olfactory neurons, the potential for inhaled PQ to cause olfactory impairment has not been investigated. This study sought to determine if prolonged low-dose inhalation exposure to PQ would lead to disposition to the brain and olfactory impairment, a prodromal feature of Parkinson's disease. Adult male and female C57BL/6J mice were exposed to PQ aerosols in a whole-body inhalation chamber for 4 h/day, 5 days/week for 4 weeks. Subsets of mice were sacrificed during and after exposure and PQ concentrations in various brain regions (olfactory bulb, striatum, midbrain, and cerebellum) lung, and kidney were quantified via mass spectrometry. Alterations in olfaction were examined using an olfactory discrimination paradigm. PQ inhalation resulted in an appreciable burden in all examined brain regions, with the highest burden observed in the olfactory bulb, consistent with nasal olfactory uptake. PQ was also detected in the lung and kidney, yet PQ levels in all tissues returned to control values within 4 weeks post exposure. PQ inhalation caused persistent male-specific deficits in olfactory discrimination. No effects were observed in females. These data support the importance of route of exposure in determination of safety estimates for neurotoxic pesticides, such as PQ. Accurate estimation of the relationship between exposure and internal dose is critical for risk assessment and public health protection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Timothy Anderson
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14642, USA
| | - Alyssa K Merrill
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14642, USA
| | - Matthew L Eckard
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14642, USA
| | - Elena Marvin
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14642, USA
| | - Katherine Conrad
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14642, USA
| | - Kevin Welle
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14642, USA
| | - Günter Oberdörster
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14642, USA
| | - Marissa Sobolewski
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14642, USA
| | - Deborah A Cory-Slechta
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14642, USA
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Zheng F, Zhu J, Zhang W, Fu Y, Lin Z. Thal protects against paraquat-induced lung injury through a microRNA-141/HDAC6/IκBα-NF-κB axis in rat and cell models. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2021; 128:334-347. [PMID: 33015978 PMCID: PMC7894280 DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.13505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The protective functions of thalidomide in paraquat (PQ)-induced injury have been reported. But the mechanisms remain largely unknown. In this research, a PQ-treated rat model was established and further treated with thalidomide. Oedema and pathological changes, oxidative stress, inflammation, fibrosis and cell apoptosis in rat lungs were detected. A PQ-treated RLE-6TN cell model was constructed, and the viability and apoptosis rate of cells were measured. Differentially expressed microRNAs (miRNAs) after thalidomide administration were screened out. Binding relationship between miR-141 and histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) was validated. Altered expression of miR-141 and HDAC6 was introduced to identify their involvements in thalidomide-mediated events. Consequently, thalidomide administration alone exerted no damage to rat lungs; in addition it reduced PQ-induced oedema. The oxidative stress, inflammation and cell apoptosis in rat lungs were reduced by thalidomide. In RLE-6TN cells, thalidomide increased cell viability and decreased apoptosis. miR-141 was responsible for thalidomide-mediated protective events by targeting HDAC6. Overexpression of HDAC6 blocked the protection of thalidomide against PQ-induced injury via activating the IkBα-NF-κB signalling pathway. Collectively, this study evidenced that thalidomide protects lung tissues from PQ-induced injury through a miR-141/HDAC6/IkBα-NF-κB axis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fenshuang Zheng
- Department of Emergency MedicineSecond People's Hospital of Yunnan ProvinceKunmingChina
| | - Junbo Zhu
- Department of Emergency MedicineSecond People's Hospital of Yunnan ProvinceKunmingChina
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Emergency MedicineSecond People's Hospital of Yunnan ProvinceKunmingChina
| | - Yangshan Fu
- Department of Emergency MedicineSecond People's Hospital of Yunnan ProvinceKunmingChina
| | - Zhaoheng Lin
- Department of Critical Care MedicinePeople's Hospital of Xishuangbanna Dai Nationality Autonomous PrefecturePingpongChina
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Wang J, Zhao X, Feng W, Li Y, Peng C. Inhibiting TGF-[Formula: see text] 1-Mediated Cellular Processes as an Effective Strategy for the Treatment of Pulmonary Fibrosis with Chinese Herbal Medicines. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2021; 49:1965-1999. [PMID: 34961416 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x21500932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is a chronic and irreversible interstitial lung disease that even threatens the lives of some patients infected with COVID-19. PF is a multicellular pathological process, including the initial injuries of epithelial cells, recruitment of inflammatory cells, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, activation and differentiation of fibroblasts, etc. TGF-[Formula: see text]1 acts as a key effect factor that participates in these cellular processes of PF. Recently, much attention was paid to inhibiting TGF-[Formula: see text]1 mediated cell processes in the treatment of PF with Chinese herbal medicines (CHM), an important part of traditional Chinese medicine. Here, this review first summarized the effects of TGF-[Formula: see text]1 in different cellular processes of PF. Then, this review summarized the recent research on CHM (compounds, multi-components, single medicines and prescriptions) to directly and/or indirectly inhibit TGF-[Formula: see text]1 signaling (TLRs, PPARs, micrRNA, etc.) in PF. Most of the research focused on CHM natural compounds, including but not limited to alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols and terpenes. After review, the research perspectives of CHM on TGF-[Formula: see text]1 inhibition in PF were further discussed. This review hopes that revealing the inhibiting effects of CHM on TGF-[Formula: see text]1-mediated cellular processes of PF can promote CHM to be better understood and utilized, thus transforming the therapeutic activities of CHM into practice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, P. R. China
| | - Xingtao Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, P. R. China
| | - Wuwen Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, P. R. China
| | - Yunxia Li
- State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, P. R. China
| | - Cheng Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
He YQ, Zhou CC, Yu LY, Wang L, Deng JL, Tao YL, Zhang F, Chen WS. Natural product derived phytochemicals in managing acute lung injury by multiple mechanisms. Pharmacol Res 2021; 163:105224. [PMID: 33007416 PMCID: PMC7522693 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.105224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI) and its more severe form, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) as common life-threatening lung diseases with high mortality rates are mostly associated with acute and severe inflammation in lungs. With increasing in-depth studies of ALI/ARDS, significant breakthroughs have been made, however, there are still no effective pharmacological therapies for treatment of ALI/ARDS. Especially, the novel coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19) is ravaging the globe, and causes severe respiratory distress syndrome. Therefore, developing new drugs for therapy of ALI/ARDS is in great demand, which might also be helpful for treatment of COVID-19. Natural compounds have always inspired drug development, and numerous natural products have shown potential therapeutic effects on ALI/ARDS. Therefore, this review focuses on the potential therapeutic effects of natural compounds on ALI and the underlying mechanisms. Overall, the review discusses 159 compounds and summarizes more than 400 references to present the protective effects of natural compounds against ALI and the underlying mechanism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Qiong He
- Institute of Chinese Materia Madica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Can-Can Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Lu-Yao Yu
- Institute of Chinese Materia Madica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Liang Wang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Madica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jiu-Ling Deng
- Institute of Chinese Materia Madica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yu-Long Tao
- Department of Pharmacy, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Madica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; Department of Pharmacy, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China.
| | - Wan-Sheng Chen
- Institute of Chinese Materia Madica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; Department of Pharmacy, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Evaluation of Naringenin as a Promising Treatment Option for COPD Based on Literature Review and Network Pharmacology. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10121644. [PMID: 33302350 PMCID: PMC7762561 DOI: 10.3390/biom10121644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a chronic respiratory disease characterized by incompletely reversible airflow limitation and seriously threatens the health of humans due to its high morbidity and mortality. Naringenin, as a natural flavanone, has shown various potential pharmacological activities against multiple pathological stages of COPD, but available studies are scattered and unsystematic. Thus, we combined literature review with network pharmacology analysis to evaluate the potential therapeutic effects of naringenin on COPD and predict its underlying mechanisms, expecting to provide a promising tactic for clinical treatment of COPD.
Collapse
|
36
|
Chen YB, Wang YQ, Wu JR, Cui YL. A novel idea for establishing Parkinson's disease mouse model by intranasal administration of paraquat. Neurol Res 2020; 43:267-277. [PMID: 33213296 DOI: 10.1080/01616412.2020.1847542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Background: In this study, we sought to provide an idea for establishing a novel mouse model for Parkinson's disease (PD) through intranasal administration of paraquat instead of the conventional method of intraperitoneal injection. Intranasal administration has the potential to lower mortality caused by intraperitoneal paraquat administration.Methods: A paraquat-loaded thermosensitive hydrogel composed of poloxamer 407 and poloxamer 188 was prepared. The survival rate of the animals was monitored upon paraquat administration nasally and intraperitoneally. The animals' behavior was also observed. Immunofluorescence staining of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) - positive cells and western blotting of α-synuclein (α-syn)in striatum were performed. HPLC method with electrochemical detection was used to quantify monoamine neurotransmitters in striatum. Real-time RT-PCR analysis of type 1 collagen, type 3 collagen and fibronectin expression was used to evaluate pulmonary fibrosis in mice after paraquat administration.Results: The results indicated that intranasal administration of paraquat-loaded thermosensitive hydrogel can elicit Parkinsonism-like symptoms in mice. Relative to the conventional intraperitoneal injection, this strategy significantly improves survival when modeling PD and resulted in a higher loss of TH positive neurons in substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) and more aggregation of α-syn in striatum. Moreover, animals receiving paraquat hydrogel nasally exhibited motor disorder as well as lower levels of dopamine and dopamine metabolites in striatum when compared to those receiving paraquat intraperitoneally. The mRNA expression of collagen and fibronectinindicated that intranasal administration of paraquat was not associated with lung fibrosis.Conclusion: This strategy provides a new idea and more convenient operation for the future study of mouse model of PD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Bing Chen
- Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yan-Qiu Wang
- Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Jia-Rong Wu
- Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuan-Lu Cui
- Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Baran SW, Gupta AD, Lim MA, Mathur A, Rowlands DJ, Schaevitz LR, Shanmukhappa SK, Walker DB. Continuous, Automated Breathing Rate and Body Motion Monitoring of Rats With Paraquat-Induced Progressive Lung Injury. Front Physiol 2020; 11:569001. [PMID: 33178039 PMCID: PMC7596732 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.569001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Assessments of respiratory response and animal activity are useful endpoints in drug pharmacology and safety research. We investigated whether continuous, direct monitoring of breathing rate and body motion in animals in the home cage using the Vum Digital Smart House can complement standard measurements in enabling more granular detection of the onset and severity of physiologic events related to lung injury in a well-established rodent model of paraquat (PQ) toxicity. In rats administered PQ, breathing rate was significantly elevated while body motion was significantly reduced following dosing and extending throughout the 14-day study duration for breathing rate and at least 5 days for both nighttime and daytime body motion. Time course differences in these endpoints in response to the potential ameliorative test article bardoxolone were also readily detected. More complete than standard in-life measurements, breathing rate and body motion tracked injury progression continuously over the full study time period and aligned with, and informed on interval changes in clinical pathology. In addition, breathing rates correlated with terminal pathology measurements, such as normalized lung weights and histologic alveolar damage and edema. This study is a preliminary evaluation of the technology; our results demonstrate that continuously measured breathing rate and body motion served as physiologically relevant readouts to assess lung injury progression and drug response in a respiratory injury animal model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Szczepan W Baran
- Emerging Technologies, Laboratory Animal Services, Scientific Operations, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research (NIBR), Inc., Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Ayan Das Gupta
- Clinical Development & Analytics (CD&A), Novartis Healthcare Pvt Ltd., Hyderabad, India
| | | | - Ashwini Mathur
- Data Science and AI, Novartis Ireland Ltd., Dublin, Ireland
| | - David J Rowlands
- Respiratory Diseases, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research (NIBR), Inc., Cambridge, MA, United States
| | | | - Shiva K Shanmukhappa
- Preclinical Safety Assessment, Vertex Pharmaceuticals, Boston, MA, United States.,Discovery Investigative Safety, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research (NIBR), Inc., Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Dana B Walker
- Discovery Investigative Safety, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research (NIBR), Inc., Cambridge, MA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Leung ELH, Pan HD, Huang YF, Fan XX, Wang WY, He F, Cai J, Zhou H, Liu L. The Scientific Foundation of Chinese Herbal Medicine against COVID-19. ENGINEERING (BEIJING, CHINA) 2020; 6:1099-1107. [PMID: 33520331 PMCID: PMC7833648 DOI: 10.1016/j.eng.2020.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The recent coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic outbreak has caused a serious global health emergency. Supporting evidence shows that COVID-19 shares a genomic similarity with other coronaviruses, such as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), and that the pathogenesis and treatment strategies that were applied 17 years ago in combating SARS-CoV and other viral infections could be taken as references in today's antiviral battle. According to the clinical pathological features of COVID-19 patients, patients can suffer from five steps of progression, starting with severe viral infection and suppression of the immune system and eventually progressing to cytokine storm, multi-organ damage, and lung fibrosis, which is the cause of mortality. Therefore, early prevention of disease progression is important. However, no specific effective drugs and vaccination are currently available, and the World Health Organization is urging the development of novel prevention and treatment strategies. Traditional Chinese medicine could be used as an alternative treatment option or in combination with Western medicine to treat COVID-19, due to its basis on historical experience and holistic pharmacological action. Here, we summarize the potential uses and therapeutic mechanisms of Chinese herbal formulas (CHFs) from the reported literature, along with patent drugs that have been recommended by institutions at the national and provincial levels in China, in order to verify their scientific foundations for treating COVID-19. In perspective, more basic and clinical studies with multiple high-tech and translational technologies are suggested to further confirm the therapeutic efficacies of CHFs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elaine Lai-Han Leung
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine & Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health & Faculty of Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macao 999078, China
| | - Hu-Dan Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine & Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health & Faculty of Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macao 999078, China
| | - Yu-Feng Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine & Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health & Faculty of Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macao 999078, China
| | - Xing-Xing Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine & Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health & Faculty of Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macao 999078, China
| | - Wan-Ying Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine & Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health & Faculty of Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macao 999078, China
| | - Fang He
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine & Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health & Faculty of Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macao 999078, China
| | - Jun Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine & Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health & Faculty of Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macao 999078, China
| | - Hua Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine & Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health & Faculty of Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macao 999078, China
| | - Liang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine & Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health & Faculty of Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macao 999078, China
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Zheng F, Liu T, Zhu J, Xie Y, Wu L, Lin Z. FoxF1 protects rats from paraquat-evoked lung injury following HDAC2 inhibition via the microRNA-342/KLF5/IκB/NF-κB p65 axis. Exp Cell Res 2020; 395:112208. [PMID: 32758486 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2020.112208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Forkhead box f1 (FoxF1), a transcription factor, was implicated in lung development. However, the molecular mechanism of FoxF1 in lung injury, specifically in injury caused by paraquat (PQ), one of the most frequently used herbicides, is unknown. Accordingly, we performed this study to investigate whether FoxF1 attenuates PQ-induced lung injury and to determine the possible mechanism. METHODS We used PQ-treated Beas-2B cells to measure the expression of FoxF1. Later, ChIP-qPCR was applied to detect the levels of histone acetylation in cells, followed by the validation of the relationship between histone deacetylase-2 (HDAC2) and FoxF1. Subsequently, the correlation between FoxF1 and microRNA (miR)-342 and the downstream mechanism of miR-342 were evaluated by bioinformatics analysis. The apoptosis and the content of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in PQ-treated cells were detected to evaluate the roles of HDAC2, FoxF1 and miR-342 in vitro. Finally, a rat model was developed to evaluate the effects of HDAC2, miR-342 and Krüppel-like factor 5 (KLF5) on PQ-induced lung injury in vivo. RESULTS PQ treatment significantly enhanced FoxF1 promoter deacetylation, thereby inhibiting FoxF1 expression. After inhibition of HDAC2 activity, apoptosis and oxidative stress induced by PQ were significantly reversed. Nevertheless, further inhibition of miR-342 or overexpression of KLF5 promoted apoptosis and oxidative stress induced by PQ, and IκB/NF-κB p65 signaling was significantly activated after PQ treatment. CONCLUSION PQ treatment inhibited miR-342 expression by promoting HDAC2-induced deacetylation of the FoxF1 promoter, thereby promoting KLF5 expression and the IκB/NF-κB p65 signaling activation, and finally exacerbating PQ-induced lung injury in rats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fenshuang Zheng
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The Second People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, 650021, Yunnan, PR China
| | - Tao Liu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The Second People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, 650021, Yunnan, PR China
| | - Junbo Zhu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The Second People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, 650021, Yunnan, PR China
| | - Yuan Xie
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The Second People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, 650021, Yunnan, PR China
| | - Lianjun Wu
- Department of Emergency, Wuding County People's Hospital, Chuxiong, 651600, Yunnan, PR China
| | - Zhaoheng Lin
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, People's Hospital of Xishuangbanna Dai Nationality Autonomous Prefecture, Jinghong, 666100, Yunnan, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Bodakowska-Boczniewicz J, Garncarek Z. Immobilization of Naringinase from Aspergillus Niger on a Magnetic Polysaccharide Carrier. Molecules 2020; 25:E2731. [PMID: 32545562 PMCID: PMC7356055 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25122731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Naringinase is an enzymatic complex used in the deglycosylation of compounds with a high application potential in the food and pharmaceutical industries. The aim of the study was to immobilize naringinase from Aspergillus niger KMS on a magnetic carrier obtained on the basis of carob gum activated by polyethyleneimine. Response surface methodology was used to optimize naringinase immobilization taking into account the following factors: pH, immobilization time, initial concentration of naringinase and immobilization temperature. The adsorption of the enzyme on a magnetic carrier was a reversible process. The binding force of naringinase was increased by crosslinking the enzyme with the carrier using dextran aldehyde. The crosslinked enzyme had better stability in an acidic environment and at a higher temperature compared to the free form. The immobilization and stabilization of naringinase by dextran aldehyde on the magnetic polysaccharide carrier lowered the activation energy, thus increasing the catalytic capacity of the investigated enzyme and increasing the activation energy of the thermal deactivation process, which confirms higher stability of the immobilized enzyme in comparison with free naringinase. The preparation of crosslinked naringinase retained over 80% of its initial activity after 10 runs of naringin hydrolysis from fresh and model grapefruit juice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Zbigniew Garncarek
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Analysis, Wroclaw University of Economics and Business, 53–345 Wroclaw, Poland;
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Pourakbari Z, Aliakbar A, Sheykhan M. A metal-catex composite electrode for determination of paraquat in various samples by Ad-differential pulse cathodic stripping voltammetry. Talanta 2020; 212:120793. [PMID: 32113555 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2020.120793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In this work, a novel kind of metal-catex composite electrode for determination of paraquat (PQ) by adsorptive differential pulse voltammetry is introduced. The metal-catex composite electrode was fabricated by cathodic electropolymerization of p-nitrophenol and p-nitrobenzoic acid in the presence of tin (II) chloride as a scaffold for composite structure on prepared glassy carbon electrode. Electropolymerization was carried out in sodium acetate medium. The surface of the fabricated electrode was characterized with field emission scanning electron microscope and energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry. The obtained results show that there are Sn nanoparticles in the structure of the catex-composite. Chemical structure of metal-catex composite electrode was investigated using FTIR (ATR), 13C NMR, H NMR and a suitable mechanism for electropolymerization has been proposed. This metal-catex composite electrode was applied for determinations of PQ using sodium acetate buffer solutions at pH = 6.5 as an electrolyte solution. All parameters influencing the performance of the fabricated electrode were studied and optimized. The proposed electrode exhibits good linearity versus PQ concentration in the range of 3.8 × 10-8 to 7.7 × 10-7 mol L-1 and shows a manifold increase in sensitivity (more than 30 times) as compared to the glassy carbon electrode. The LOQ of this electrode was 7.78 × 10-9 mol L-1, which is comparable with that of other electrochemical methods. The mean, standard deviation and relative standard deviation for seven repetitive determinations of paraquat (7.78 × 10-8 mol L-1) were measured to be 7.75 × 10-8 mol L-1, ±0.29 × 10-8 mol L-1, and 3.75% respectively. This electrode was applied for the determination of paraquat in natural water, natural juice, potatoes and onions. The introduced electrode shows good stability with repeated use and over long periods (about 20 days). There is a good agreement between the results for water analysis by this method and the standard method.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Pourakbari
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Guilan, P. O. Box 4193833697, Rasht, Iran
| | - Alireza Aliakbar
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Guilan, P. O. Box 4193833697, Rasht, Iran.
| | - Mehdi Sheykhan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Guilan, P. O. Box 4193833697, Rasht, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Zeng X, Su W, Liu B, Chai L, Shi R, Yao H. A Review on the Pharmacokinetic Properties of Naringin and Its Therapeutic Efficacies in Respiratory Diseases. Mini Rev Med Chem 2020; 20:286-293. [DOI: 10.2174/1389557519666191009162641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Revised: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Flavonoids are an important class of phytopharmaceuticals in plants. Naringin (naringenin-
7-O-rhamnoglucoside) is a flavanone glycoside isolated from folk herbal medicine Exocarpium Citri
grandis (called Huajuhong in Chinese). Massive experimental works have been performed on naringin
describing its phytochemical, pharmacokinetic, and bioactive properties. Naringin was found to possess
multiple pharmacological activities in relieving inflammation, diabetes, neurodegeneration, cardiovascular
disorders, and metabolic syndrome. Recently, it has been approved as a potential antitussive
and expectorant for clinical trials. However, the pharmacokinetic aspects of naringin and its therapeutic
potentials in respiratory diseases have not been comprehensively reviewed. The present review provides
highlights of naringin with respect to its absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion and its
therapeutic effects on cough, phlegm, and pulmonary inflammation. This review would be helpful for
the interpretation of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of naringin in clinical trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Zeng
- Guangdong Engineering & Technology Research Center for Quality and Efficacy Reevaluation of Post-Market Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yatsen University, 510275 Guangzhou, China
| | - Weiwei Su
- Guangdong Engineering & Technology Research Center for Quality and Efficacy Reevaluation of Post-Market Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yatsen University, 510275 Guangzhou, China
| | - Buming Liu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Quality Standards, Guangxi Institute of Traditional Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 530022 Nanning, China
| | - Ling Chai
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Quality Standards, Guangxi Institute of Traditional Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 530022 Nanning, China
| | - Rui Shi
- Guangdong Engineering & Technology Research Center for Quality and Efficacy Reevaluation of Post-Market Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yatsen University, 510275 Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongliang Yao
- Guangdong Engineering & Technology Research Center for Quality and Efficacy Reevaluation of Post-Market Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yatsen University, 510275 Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Bai Y, Peng W, Yang C, Zou W, Liu M, Wu H, Fan L, Li P, Zeng X, Su W. Pharmacokinetics and Metabolism of Naringin and Active Metabolite Naringenin in Rats, Dogs, Humans, and the Differences Between Species. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:364. [PMID: 32292344 PMCID: PMC7118210 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2019] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pharmacokinetics provides a scientific basis for drug product design, dosage regimen planning, understanding the body's action on the drug, and relating the time course of the drug in the body to its pharmacodynamics and/or toxic effects. Recently, naringin, a natural flavonoid, was approved for clinical trials as a first-class new drug product by the China Food and Drug Administration, owing to its nonclinical efficacy in relieving cough, reducing sputum, and low toxicity. Previous reports focused on the pharmacokinetic studies of naringin or its active metabolite naringenin in rats, which were scattered and insufficient because naringin was coadministered with mixtures such as herbs, fruits, and other traditional medicines. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the pharmacokinetics and metabolism of naringin and naringenin, following oral and intravenous administration of naringin in rats, dogs, and humans, which can be beneficial for new drug development. Methods Separate bioanalytical methods were developed and validated to determine the concentrations of naringin and its active metabolite naringenin in biological samples obtained from rats, dogs, and humans. Comprehensive nonclinical and clinical data were used to estimate the pharmacokinetic parameters of naringin and naringenin. Experiments included single-dose studies (oral and intravenous administration), multiple-dose studies, and an assessment of food-effects. Furthermore, the metabolism of naringin and naringenin was studied in rat and human liver and kidney microsomes. All biological samples were analyzed using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Results The pharmacokinetic parameters of naringin and naringenin were calculated and the results show an insignificant influence of high-fat diet and insignificant accumulation of the drugs after multiple dosing. Twelve metabolites were detected in the liver and kidney microsomes of rats and humans; naringin metabolism was a complex process simultaneously catalyzed by multiple human enzymes. All evaluated species demonstrated differences in the pharmacokinetics and metabolism of naringin and naringenin. Conclusion The results can be used to design a dosage regimen, deepen understanding of mechanisms, and accelerate new drug development. Clinical Trial Registration http://www.chinadrugtrials.org.cn/eap/main, identifiers CTR20130704 and CTR20190127.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Bai
- Guangdong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Quality and Efficacy Re-evaluation of Post-Marketed Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Peng
- Guangdong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Quality and Efficacy Re-evaluation of Post-Marketed Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cuiping Yang
- Guangdong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Quality and Efficacy Re-evaluation of Post-Marketed Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Zou
- Guangdong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Quality and Efficacy Re-evaluation of Post-Marketed Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Menghua Liu
- Guangdong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Quality and Efficacy Re-evaluation of Post-Marketed Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hao Wu
- Guangdong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Quality and Efficacy Re-evaluation of Post-Marketed Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Loudi Fan
- Guangdong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Quality and Efficacy Re-evaluation of Post-Marketed Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peibo Li
- Guangdong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Quality and Efficacy Re-evaluation of Post-Marketed Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuan Zeng
- Guangdong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Quality and Efficacy Re-evaluation of Post-Marketed Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weiwei Su
- Guangdong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Quality and Efficacy Re-evaluation of Post-Marketed Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Matrix metalloproteinase: An upcoming therapeutic approach for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Pharmacol Res 2020; 152:104591. [PMID: 31837390 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2019.104591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
|
45
|
Interaction of naringin and naringenin with DPPC monolayer at the air-water interface. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2019.124024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
|
46
|
Mirzaee S, Mansouri E, Shirani M, Zeinvand-Lorestani M, Khodayar MJ. Diosmin ameliorative effects on oxidative stress and fibrosis in paraquat-induced lung injury in mice. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:36468-36477. [PMID: 31732951 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-06572-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Paraquat (PQ) induces pulmonary fibrosis, a progressive lung disorder resulting in severe respiratory failure and death. Increased oxidative stress, inflammatory reactions, and multiple fibrotic lesions are major features of PQ-induced lung injury. Diosmin (Dio) is a safe drug that is available for clinical use for vascular disorders. Dio exhibits antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antifibrotic activities. Accordingly, the aim of this study was to evaluate the protective effect of diosmin on PQ-induced lung injury in mice and the underlying mechanisms involved. Lung injury was induced by PQ (30 mg/kg, intraperitoneally) in NMRI albino mice and Dio (50 and 100 mg/kg, gavage) was administrated 3 days before PQ and continued for 10 or 24 days. After euthanizing the mice, the biochemical and histopathological markers of lung tissue were determined. PQ significantly increased oxidative stress, inflammatory, and fibrotic markers. PQ increased the level of malonedaldehyde (MDA) and hydroxyproline (HYP) and decreased the level of glutathione (GSH) and catalase activity in the lung. Dio (50 and 100 mg/kg) significantly increased GSH levels and catalase activity and decreased HYP content and MDA levels. In addition, Dio reduced histopathological injuries in hematoxylin and eosin-stained and Masson's trichrome-stained sections. These findings suggest that Dio has protective effects against PQ-induced lung injury, which may be due to its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antifibrotic effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sirus Mirzaee
- Medicinal Plant Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Esrafil Mansouri
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine and Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Maryam Shirani
- Toxicology Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Marzieh Zeinvand-Lorestani
- Toxicology Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Javad Khodayar
- Toxicology Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Simultaneously Quantitative Analysis of Naringin and Its Major Human Gut Microbial Metabolites Naringenin and 3-(4'-Hydroxyphenyl) Propanoic Acid via Stable Isotope Deuterium-Labeling Coupled with RRLC-MS/MS Method. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24234287. [PMID: 31775267 PMCID: PMC6930535 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24234287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Revised: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Widespread in citrus fruits, naringin, a natural 2,3-dihydroflavonoid, is of particular interest to scientists and has a broad range of beneficial bioactivities to health. Orally administered naringin remains in the gut tract for a relatively long time because of its low bioavailability. Under the metabolism mediated by human gut microbiota, naringin could be an active precursor for derived metabolites to play important physiological roles. However, naringin and its metabolites are hard to accurately quantify due to severe endogenic interference. In this study, an analytical rapid resolution liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (RRLC-MS/MS) method coupled with stable isotope deuterium-labeling is developed and validated to simultaneously quantify naringin as well as its major human gut microbial metabolites naringenin and 3-(4'-hydroxyphenyl) propanoic acid. By eliminating the matrix interferences, this strategy not only confirms naringenin and 3-(4'-hydroxyphenyl) propanoic acid as the predominant metabolites which contribute to the pharmacological effects of naringin but also provides a suitable choice for other flavonoid pharmacokinetics study.
Collapse
|
48
|
Zhu Z, Wu H, Su W, Shi R, Li P, Liao Y, Wang Y, Li P. Effects of Total Flavonoids from Exocarpium Citri Grandis on Air Pollution Particle-Induced Pulmonary Inflammation and Oxidative Stress in Mice. J Food Sci 2019; 84:3843-3849. [PMID: 31762039 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.14966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Exocarpium Citri Grandis (ECG) is a famous traditional Chinese medicine, which has been commonly used to alleviate cough and phlegm for more than several hundred years, and total flavonoids are the main effective components of this medicine. This study investigated the effects of total flavonoids from ECG (TFECG) on pulmonary inflammation and oxidative stress induced by PM2.5 in mice. Model mice received an intratracheal instillation of PM2.5 (10 mg/mL) once at day 0. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was collected after 72 hr to measure the total number of white blood cell (WBC), neutrophils (NEUT), lymphocytes (LYMPH), and monocytes (MONO). The levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin 1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and interleukin-18 (IL-18) in BALF were quantified by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits. Lung tissues were used to determine the contents of total protein (TP), malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO), reduced glutathione (GSH), oxidized glutathione (GSSG) and the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), Glutathione Peroxidase (GSH-Px), and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). We found that TFECG significantly inhibited PM2.5 -stimulated overproduction of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-18 and increased the numbers of WBC, NEUT, LYMPH, and MONO in BALF. TFECG observably relieved the PM2.5 -induced increases in the contents of TP, MDA, and NO, and the activities of LDH and iNOS. TFECG also alleviated PM2.5 -induced decreases in the activities of iNOS and GSH-Px as well as GSH/GSSG ratio. The results indicate that TFECG has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities, which may potentially contribute to the treatment of PM2.5 -induced lung injury. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: Exocarpium Citri Grandis (ECG) is rich in flavonoids, which are beneficial to improve anti-inflammation and antioxidant capacity. We proved that total flavonoids of ECG had a positive therapeutic effect on PM2.5 -induced lung injury, which expands the potential applications of ECG in the dietary supplement industries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiting Zhu
- Guangdong Engineering & Technology Research Center for Quality and Efficacy Reevaluation of Post-Market Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen Univ., 510275, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Hao Wu
- Guangdong Engineering & Technology Research Center for Quality and Efficacy Reevaluation of Post-Market Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen Univ., 510275, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Weiwei Su
- Guangdong Engineering & Technology Research Center for Quality and Efficacy Reevaluation of Post-Market Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen Univ., 510275, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Rui Shi
- Guangdong Engineering & Technology Research Center for Quality and Efficacy Reevaluation of Post-Market Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen Univ., 510275, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Panlin Li
- Guangdong Engineering & Technology Research Center for Quality and Efficacy Reevaluation of Post-Market Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen Univ., 510275, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Yan Liao
- Guangdong Engineering & Technology Research Center for Quality and Efficacy Reevaluation of Post-Market Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen Univ., 510275, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Yonggang Wang
- Guangdong Engineering & Technology Research Center for Quality and Efficacy Reevaluation of Post-Market Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen Univ., 510275, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Peibo Li
- Guangdong Engineering & Technology Research Center for Quality and Efficacy Reevaluation of Post-Market Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen Univ., 510275, Guangzhou, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Liu B, Lü W, Ge H, Tang H, Li R, Zhang C. Protective Effect of the Traditional Chinese Patent Medicine Qing-Xuan Granule against Bleomycin-Induced Pulmonary Fibrosis in Mice. Chem Biodivers 2019; 16:e1900467. [PMID: 31556199 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201900467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is a chronic obstructive pulmonary disease without effective clinical drug treatment. Qing-Xuan Granule (QX) as a traditional Chinese patent medicine is clinically used to cure children's cough. This study was designed to investigate the effects of QX and possible molecular mechanisms for bleomycin-induced PF. The work used Western blotting and Q-PCR to explore the vitro and vivo mechanisms of QX treatment, while using HPLC-TOF/MS to explore the composition of QX. QX was given daily orally for two weeks after bleomycin intratracheal instillation. The protective effects of QX on lung function, inflammation, growth factors, hydroxyproline content and deposition of extracellular matrix were investigated. QX decreased expression of Col I and α-SMA in lung tissues by down-regulating TGF-β1-Smad2/3 signaling and suppressed epithelial-mesenchymal transition and effectively reversed abnormal mRNA levels of MMP-1and TIMP-1 as well as LOXL-2 in lung tissues. HPLC-TOF/MS indicate that six substances could be the main active components, which were reported to protect against experimental lung disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bei Liu
- School of Chinese Materia Medical, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, P. R. China
| | - Weichao Lü
- School of Chinese Materia Medical, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, P. R. China
| | - Haitao Ge
- Suzhong Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., 1 Suzhong Road, Taizhou, 225500, P. R. China
| | - Haitao Tang
- Suzhong Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., 1 Suzhong Road, Taizhou, 225500, P. R. China
| | - Renshi Li
- School of Chinese Materia Medical, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, P. R. China
| | - Chaofeng Zhang
- School of Chinese Materia Medical, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Ren Y, Yang Z, Sun Z, Zhang W, Chen X, Nie S. Curcumin relieves paraquat‑induced lung injury through inhibiting the thioredoxin interacting protein/NLR pyrin domain containing 3‑mediated inflammatory pathway. Mol Med Rep 2019; 20:5032-5040. [PMID: 31485636 PMCID: PMC6854544 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.10612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
When paraquat (PQ) enters the human body, it increases oxidative stress and inflammation, ultimately resulting in acute lung injury (ALI). Curcumin, a naturally occurring compound, has been reported to ameliorate PQ-induced ALI; however, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. In the present study, normal lung fibroblasts (WI-38VA13) were treated with 10 µmol/l PQ for 48 h, followed by a further 48 h incubation with 300 µmol/l curcumin. Cells were then harvested to determine their viability. Flow cytometry was performed to analyze the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the rate of apoptosis. The levels of apoptotic proteins and activation of the thioredoxin interacting protein/NLR pyrin domain containing 3 (TXNIP/NLRP3) axis were measured via reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blot analyses. Proinflammatory cytokine levels were examined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Finally, the expression levels of Notch1, extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) and phosphorylated-ERK1/2 were evaluated via western blotting. Following treatment with curcumin, PQ-induced increases in ROS levels and apoptosis were significantly attenuated, and Bcl-2 expression levels were upregulated, whereas those of Bax were downregulated. It was also observed that curcumin treatment downregulated the expression levels of TXNIP, NLRP3, interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18, and downstream caspase-1 compared with PQ treatment alone. Curcumin significantly attenuated the upregulation of Notch1 without affecting ERK1/2 phosphorylation. The present findings suggested that the inhibitory effects of curcumin on TXINP1 may inhibit activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome, subsequently suppressing the upregulation of proinflammatory cytokines and ultimately improving PQ-induced ALI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Ren
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210002, P.R. China
| | - Zhizhou Yang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210002, P.R. China
| | - Zhaorui Sun
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210002, P.R. China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210002, P.R. China
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210002, P.R. China
| | - Shinan Nie
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210002, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|