Pomegranate juice consumption increases GSH levels and reduces lipid and protein oxidation in human blood

Reporting of adverse effects of pomegranate in clinical studies: a systematic review

OBJECTIVES

Numerous studies have shown the pharmacological effects of pomegranate, such as: anti-cancer, cholesterol-lowering, anti-diabetic, and antihypertensive features. Pomegranate consumption has also revealed some adverse effects. This systematic review aimed to explore the adverse effects of pomegranate reported in clinical studies.

CONTENT

The keywords "pomegranate", "Punica granatum", "side effect", "clinical trial", and "case report or case series" were searched for in valid databases. Reports about adverse effects of pomegranate were also collected from several international registries.

SUMMARY

This systematic review included a total of 66 clinical articles. Eleven articles have reported side effects of pomegranate. Twenty-one articles have recorded no side effects in the pomegranate group while 34 articles have not mentioned any side effects for this plant. The study also included 7 case report studies. The most common side effects included gastrointestinal problems, flu-like symptoms, and urinary problems. In case report studies, the most significant reported side effect was allergic reaction.

OUTLOOK

In summary, pomegranate and its extract seem to be safe according to the reported adverse effects. Meanwhile, conducting more robust controlled trials with pomegranate products and documentation of any probable side effect is warranted.

The effect of pomegranate juice supplementation on C-reactive protein levels: GRADE-assessed systematic review and dose-response updated meta-analysis of data from randomized controlled trials

Pomegranate juice (PJ) has a possible anti-inflammatory effect because of its polyphenol content and antioxidants. However, the anti-inflammatory effect of PJ in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) has not been consistent. A previous meta-analysis conducted in 2016 reported a nonsignificant lowering effect of PJ on C-reactive protein (CRP) levels. This systematic review and meta-analysis aim to update the pooled effect size of PJ supplementation on CRP levels in RCT studies. PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases were comprehensively searched until July 2023. Eligible studies were found by screening, their relevant data was extracted, and a risk of bias assessment was performed. The pooled effect size was calculated using a random effect model as the weighted mean difference (WMD) with a 95% confidence interval. This systematic review included 11 studies with 13 effect sizes and 696 participants. Meta-analysis showed that PJ supplementation led to a significant decrease in CRP levels compared to control groups (WMD: -2.55 mg/L; 95%CI: -3.44 to -1.66; p < 0.001). Subgroup analysis demonstrated the significant reduction effect of PJ on CRP levels in studies conducted on the both sexes or only females as well as Iranian population, individuals with 40 years≤, type 2 diabetes, polycystic ovary syndrome, or trials that intervened with PJ dosage of <250 ml/day. Meta-regression and dose-response analysis reported a nonsignificant linear and nonlinear relationship between intervention characteristics (duration and dose of PJ) and CRP changes. The current meta-analysis revealed that PJ supplemantation has a beneficial effect in improving CRP levels. It is recommended to understand this effect better, and find the optimal dose and duration of PJ supplementation to reduce CRP levels in the blood, and repeat meta-analysis after related RCTs are available. For the final proof of these effects, more detailed human studies are needed.

Pomegranate Extract Administration Reverses Loss of Motor Coordination and Prevents Oxidative Stress in Cerebellum of Aging Mice

The cerebellum is responsible for complex motor functions, like maintaining balance and stance, coordination of voluntary movements, motor learning, and cognitive tasks. During aging, most of these functions deteriorate, which results in falls and accidents. The aim of this work was to elucidate the effect of a standardized pomegranate extract during four months of supplementation in elderly mice to prevent frailty and improve the oxidative state. Male C57Bl/6J eighteen-month-old mice were evaluated for frailty using the "Valencia Score" at pre-supplementation and post-supplementation periods. We analyzed lipid peroxidation in the cerebellum and brain cortex and the glutathione redox status in peripheral blood. In addition, a set of aging-related genes in cerebellum and apoptosis biomarkers was measured via real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Our results showed that pomegranate extract supplementation improved the motor skills of C57Bl/6J aged mice in motor coordination, neuromuscular function, and monthly weight loss, but no changes in grip strength and endurance were found. Furthermore, pomegranate extract reversed the increase in malondialdehyde due to aging in the cerebellum and increased the reduced glutathione/oxidized glutathione (GSH/GSSG) ratio in the blood. Finally, aging and apoptosis biomarkers improved in aged mice supplemented with pomegranate extract in the cerebellum but not in the cerebral cortex.

Biodegradation of Punicalagin into Ellagic Acid by Selected Probiotic Bacteria: A Study of the Underlying Mechanisms by MS-Based Proteomics

Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) is a well-known source of bioactive phenolic compounds such as ellagitannins, anthocyanins, and flavanols. Punicalagin, one of the main constituents of pomegranate, needs to be biodegraded by bacteria to yield metabolites of medicinal interest. In this work, we tested 30 lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and their capacity to transform punicalagin from a punicalagin-rich pomegranate extract into smaller bioactive molecules, namely, ellagic acid and urolithins. These were identified and quantified by high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-MS²). Further, we evaluated the molecular mechanism governing this transformation through label-free comparative MS-based proteomics. All tested LAB strains were capable of transforming punicalagin into ellagic acid, while the biosynthesis of urolithins was not observed. Proteomic analysis revealed an increase of generic transglycosylases that might have a hydrolytic role in the target phenolic molecule, coupled with an increase in the quantity of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters, which might play a relevant role in transporting the resulting byproducts in and out of the cell.

Pharmacotherapeutic potential of pomegranate in age-related neurological disorders

Age-related neurological disorders [AND] include neurodegenerative diseases [NDDs] such as Alzheimer's disease [AD] and Parkinson's disease [PD], which are the most prevalent types of dementia in the elderly. It also includes other illnesses such as migraine and epilepsy. ANDs are multifactorial, but aging is their major risk factor. The most frequent and vital pathological features of AND are oxidative stress, inflammation, and accumulation of misfolded proteins. As AND brain damage is a significant public health burden and its incidence is increasing, much has been done to overcome it. Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) is one of the polyphenol-rich fruits that is widely mentioned in medical folklore. Pomegranate is commonly used to treat common disorders such as diarrhea, abdominal pain, wound healing, bleeding, dysentery, acidosis, microbial infections, infectious and noninfectious respiratory diseases, and neurological disorders. In the current review article, we aimed to summarize the data on the pharmacotherapeutic potentials of pomegranate in ANDs.

Therapeutic Potential of Pomegranate in Metabolic Disorders

Metabolic syndrome and associated disorders have become one of the major challenging health problems over the last decades. Considerable attention has been paid to natural products and herbal medicines for the management of metabolic disorders in recent years. Many studies have investigated the therapeutic effects of different parts (arils, peels, seeds, and flowers) of pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) for the prevention and treatment of this syndrome. This study aims to provide an updated review on the in vitro and in vivo studies as well as clinical trials investigating the effects of pomegranate and its active compounds on different components of metabolic problems such as hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, as well as obesity over the last two decades. Besides, the key mechanisms by which pomegranate affects these pathogenic conditions are also discussed. The studies show that although pomegranate has promising beneficial effects on diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and obesity in various cellular, animal, and clinical models of studies, there are some conflicting results, particularly for hyperglycemic conditions. The main mechanisms include influencing oxidative stress and anti-inflammatory responses. Overall, pomegranate seems to have positive effects on the pathogenic conditions of metabolic syndrome according to the reviewed studies. Although pomegranate is not suggested as the first line of therapy or monotherapy, it could be only used as an adjunctive therapy. Nevertheless, further large and long-term clinical studies are still required.

Hypoglycemic effect of a novel polysaccharide from Lentinus edodes on STZ-induced diabetic mice via metabolomics study and Nrf2/HO-1 pathways

With the increased worldwide prevalence of diabetes, more and more attentions are focused on the natural drug candidate who could treat diabetes with high efficacy but without undesired side effect....

The protective effects of pomegranate juice on lead acetate-induced neurotoxicity in the male rat: A histomorphometric and biochemical study

The purpose of this study was to investigate the potential side-effects of lead acetate (LA), which is toxic to the nerves, blood and muscles, in the rat brain. The neuroprotective effects of pomegranate juice (PJ) against LA exposure were also observed. The experiment involved 28 male Wistar albino rats aged 12 weeks. These were divided into four groups: Control, PJ, LA and LA+PJ. Stereological techniques were employed to determine hippocampal volume in each rat brain. Biochemical investigations and histopathological examinations were also performed. Analysis demonstrated a significant decrease in hippocampal volume in the LA group compared to the control group (p < .05). The stereology results also indicated that PJ has protective effects when compared with the LA and LA+PJ groups. A significant increase was also determined in malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity in the LA group compared to the control group, in contrast to glutathione (GSH) levels and carboxylesterase (CaE) and acetylcholinesterase (AchE) activities. MDA and GST activity decreased significantly in the LA+PJ group compared to the LA group in contrast to GSH levels and CaE and AchE activities. Histopathological examination revealed a number of degenerative changes in the LA group. Exposure to LA adversely affects the hippocampus on the male rat brain. It might also be suggested that PJ may ameliorate these deleterious effects.

An integrated approach for assessing the in vitro and in vivo redox-related effects of nanomaterials

Over the last few decades, nanotechnology has risen to the forefront of both the research and industrial interest, resulting in the manufacture and utilization of various nanomaterials, as well as in their integration into a wide range of fields. However, the consequent elevated exposure to such materials raises serious concerns regarding their effects on human health and safety. Existing scientific data indicate that the induction of oxidative stress, through the excessive generation of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS), might be the principal mechanism of exerting their toxicity. Meanwhile, a number of nanomaterials exhibit antioxidant properties, either intrinsic or resulting from their functionalization with conventional antioxidants. Considering that their redox properties are implicated in the manifestation of their biological effects, we propose an integrated approach for the assessment of the redox-related activities of nanomaterials at three biological levels (in vitro-cell free systems, cell cultures, in vivo). Towards this direction, a battery of translational biomarkers is recommended, and a series of reliable protocols are presented in detail. The aim of the present approach is to acquire a better understanding with respect to the biological actions of nanomaterials in the interrelated fields of Redox Biology and Toxicology.

How combined aerobic training and pomegranate juice intake affect lipid profile? A clinical trial in men with type 2 diabetes

Study aim: This study aimed to investigate the effect of aerobic training (AT) and pomegranate juice intake (PJI) on the lipid profile in men with type 2 diabetes.

Materials and methods: This randomized clinical trial was performed in middle-aged men (40–50 years old) with type 2 diabetes. Participants were randomly assigned into four groups: AT + PJI (n = 9); AT (n = 10); PJI (n = 9), and control (C) (n = 10). The AT program consisted of 60-75% of HRMax, 40-60 min/day, three days/wk for eight weeks. Participants in the PJI group consumed 240 ml of pomegranate juice (sugar or additive-free) daily for eight weeks. Lipid profile was measured at the beginning and end of the study. The data were analyzed through paired t-test and one-way analysis of variance, as well as Tukey’s post hoc test at the signification level of P<0.05.

Results: AT + PJI, PJI, and AT groups demonstrated significant improvements in lipid profile compared to the C group. The results show that the AT + PJI group had significantly lower TC and LDL (p = 0.001 and p = 0.002, respectively), and significantly higher HDL (p = 0.023) compared with the PJI group. There was no significant difference between AT and PJI groups. Also, TG was significantly lower in AT+ PJI compare to the C group.

Conclusions: AT + PJI is more effective than AT or PJI alone in the improvement of lipid profile in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Application of Pomegranate by-Products in Muscle Foods: Oxidative Indices, Colour Stability, Shelf Life and Health Benefits

In recent years, considerable importance is given to the use of agrifood wastes as they contain several groups of substances that are useful for development of functional foods. As muscle foods are prone to lipid and protein oxidation and perishable in nature, the industry is in constant search of synthetic free additives that help in retarding the oxidation process, leading to the development of healthier and shelf stable products. The by-products or residues of pomegranate fruit (seeds, pomace, and peel) are reported to contain bioactive compounds, including phenolic and polyphenolic compounds, dietary fibre, complex polysaccharides, minerals, vitamins, etc. Such compounds extracted from the by-products of pomegranate can be used as functional ingredients or food additives to harness the antioxidant, antimicrobial potential, or as substitutes for fat, and protein in various muscle food products. Besides, these natural additives are reported to improve the quality, safety, and extend the shelf life of different types of food products, including meat and fish. Although studies on application of pomegranate by-products on various foods are available, their effect on the physicochemical, oxidative changes, microbial, colour stabilizing, sensory acceptability, and shelf life of muscle foods are not comprehensively discussed previously. In this review, we vividly discuss these issues, and highlight the benefits of pomegranate by-products and their phenolic composition on human health.

Pomegranate variety and pomegranate plant part, relevance from bioactive point of view: a review

Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) belongs to the Punicaceae plant family. It is an important fruit due to its nutritional and medicinal properties. Pomegranates are widely distributed around the world and, therefore, have a broad genetic diversity, resulting in differences in their phytochemical composition. The scientific community has focused on the positive health effects of pomegranate as a whole, but the different varieties have rarely been compared according to their bioactive compounds and bioactivity. This review aims to provide a holistic overview of the current knowledge on the bioactivity of pomegranate trees, with an emphasis on differentiating both the varieties and the different plant parts. This review intends to provide a general and organized overview of the accumulated knowledge on pomegranates, the identification of the most bioactive varieties, their potential consumption pathways and seeks to provide knowledge on the present gaps to guide future research.

Effects of grape juice consumption on oxidative stress and inflammation in male volleyball players: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial

INTRODUCTION

Some foods are also demonstrated benefits, such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and ergogenic activity, similar to that of sports supplements. Grape juice has been considered an important source of polyphenols and these compounds could promote positive effects to the sports players. In this sense, the objective was to evaluate the effects of purple grape juice consumption on indicators of oxidative stress, inflammation, muscle damage, global histone H4 acetylation levels, and muscle strength and muscle power in volleyball athletes.

METHODS

This is a randomized double-blind clinical trial in which 12 male volleyball players (16 ± 0.6 years old) participated in three different moments with match simulation: control (without beverage) (WB), grape juice (GJ) and placebo (PLA) (400 mL/day of grape juice or placebo (maltodextrin) for 14 days in a cross-over model). Before and immediately after each match, blood collection for analysis of indicators of systemic redox status, systemic concentrations of Interferon-γ (IFN- γ) and Interleukin-4 (IL-4), muscle damage, by Creatine Kinase (CK-NAC) and levels of global histone H4 acetylation were performed, as well as handgrip strength (HG) and lower limb power tests.

RESULTS

Consumption of grape juice significantly reduced lipid peroxidation (p = 0.04) and Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) damage (p = 0.01) after the match. IFN-γ levels, IL-4, CK-NAC, and histone H4 acetylation post-match did not alter with the grape juice consumption. Lower limb power improved after acute exercise in WB and GJ conditions (p < 0.001).

CONCLUSION

In this pilot trial, the intake of grape juice for two weeks seems to reduce the protein oxidation and DNA damage by intermittent physical exercise, without epigenetics influence.

Fruits and fruit by-products as sources of bioactive compounds. Benefits and trends of lactic acid fermentation in the development of novel fruit-based functional beverages

Current awareness about the benefits of a balanced diet supports ongoing trends in humans towards a healthier diet. This review provides an overview of fruits and fruit-by products as sources of bioactive compounds and their extraction techniques, and the use of lactic acid fermentation of fruit juices to increase their functionality. Fruit matrices emerge as a technological alternative to be fermented by autochthonous or allochthonous lactic acid bacteria (LAB such as Lactiplantibacillus plantarum, Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus, and other Lactobacillus species), and also as probiotic vehicles. During fermentation, microbial enzymes act on several fruit phytochemicals producing new derived compounds with impact on the aroma and the functionality of the fermented drinks. Moreover, fermentation significantly reduces the sugar content improving their nutritional value and extending the shelf-life of fruit-based beverages. The generation of new probiotic beverages as alternatives to consumers with intolerance to lactose or with vegan or vegetarian diets is promising for the worldwide functional food market. An updated overview on the current knowledge of the use of fruit matrices to be fermented by LAB and the interaction between strains and the fruit phytochemical compounds to generate new functional foods as well as their future perspectives in association with the application of nanotechnology techniques are presented in this review.

The Importance of Redox Status in the Frame of Lifestyle Approaches and the Genetics of the Lung Innate Immune Molecules, SP-A1 and SP-A2, on Differential Outcomes of COVID-19 Infection

The pandemic of COVID-19 is of great concern to the scientific community. This mainly affects the elderly and people with underlying diseases. People with obesity are more likely to experience unpleasant disease symptoms and increased mortality. The severe oxidative environment that occurs in obesity due to chronic inflammation permits viral activation of further inflammation leading to severe lung disease. Lifestyle affects the levels of inflammation and oxidative stress. It has been shown that a careful diet rich in antioxidants, regular exercise, and fasting regimens, each and/or together, can reduce the levels of inflammation and oxidative stress and strengthen the immune system as they lead to weight loss and activate cellular antioxidant mechanisms and reduce oxidative damage. Thus, a lifestyle change based on the three pillars: antioxidants, exercise, and fasting could act as a proactive preventative measure against the adverse effects of COVID-19 by maintaining redox balance and well-functioning immunity. Moreover, because of the observed diversity in the expression of COVID-19 inflammation, the role of genetics of innate immune molecules, surfactant protein A (SP-A)1 and SP-A2, and their differential impact on the local lung microenvironment and host defense is reviewed as genetics may play a major role in the diverse expression of the disease.

Modulation of Endothelial Glycocalyx and Microcirculation in Healthy Young Men during High-Intensity Sprint Interval Cycling-Exercise by Supplementation with Pomegranate Extract. A Randomized Controlled Trial

The natural components of the pomegranate fruit may provide additional benefits for endothelial function and microcirculation. It was hypothesized that supplementation with pomegranate extract might improve glycocalyx properties and microcirculation during acute high-intensity sprint interval cycling exercise. Eighteen healthy and recreationally active male volunteers 22-28 years of age were recruited randomly to the experimental and control groups. The experimental group was supplemented with pomegranate extract 20 mL (720 mg phenolic compounds) for two weeks. At the beginning and end of the study, the participants completed a high-intensity sprint interval cycling-exercise protocol. The microcirculation flow and density parameters, glycocalyx markers, systemic hemodynamics, lactate, and glucose concentration were evaluated before and after the initial and repeated (after 2 weeks supplementation) exercise bouts. There were no significant differences in the microcirculation or glycocalyx over the course of the study (p < 0.05). The lactate concentration was significantly higher in both groups after the initial and repeated exercise bouts, and were significantly higher in the experimental group compared to the control group after the repeated bout: 13.2 (11.9-14.8) vs. 10.3 (9.3-12.7) mmol/L, p = 0.017. Two weeks of supplementation with pomegranate extract does not influence changes in the microcirculation and glycocalyx during acute high-intensity sprint interval cycling-exercise. Although an unexplained rise in blood lactate concentration was observed.

Effects of natural polyphenol-rich pomegranate juice supplementation on plasma ion and lipid profiles following resistance exercise: a placebo-controlled trial

Background

Pomegranate juice (POMj) contains abundant soluble polyphenolic antioxidant compounds and is recommended for its cardioprotective/atheroprotective properties. However, very few studies have investigated the efficacy of POMj supplementation to alter physiological responses during intensive physical exercise. This placebo-controlled study aimed to examine whether supplementation with natural polyphenol-rich-POMj could influence the ionic or lipid responses to an intensive resistance training session in elite athletes.

Methods

Nine elite weightlifters (21 ± 1 years) performed two Olympic-weightlifting sessions after ingesting placebo and POMj supplements. Venous blood samples were collected at rest and 3 min after each session for assessment of plasma sodium ([Na⁺]), potassium ([K⁺]), chloride ([Cl^-]), calcium ([Ca²⁺]), triglyceride ([TG]) and high-density lipoprotein ([HDL-C]), low-density lipoprotein ([HDL-C]) and total ([TC]) cholesterol concentrations.

Results

Plasma [K⁺] and [TG] were lowered post-exercise compared to resting values in the PLA condition (p = 0.03 for K⁺ and p = 0.02 for TG) with no pre-to-post exercise differences in the other plasma ion and lipid markers (p > 0.05). Compared to rest, plasma [Na⁺] and [Cl^-] were increased (p = 0.04, %change = 4.10% for Na⁺ and p = 0.02, %change = 4.44% for Cl^-), but there were no differences in the other plasma ion or lipid markers post-exercise after POMj supplementation (p > 0.05). Post-exercise plasma [Na⁺], [Cl^-], and [HDL-C] were greater following POMj supplementation compared to PLA (p = 0.01 for Cl- and HDL-C, p = 0.02 for Na+, and p = 0.04 for TC), with no between-supplement post-exercise differences in the other ion and lipid markers (p > 0.05).

Conclusion

In conclusion, supplementation with POMj has the potential to attenuate the acute imbalance of plasma [K⁺] and to improve blood lipid responses (i.e., HDL-C) following resistance exercises in elite weightlifters. However, further large research in both athletic and non-athletic populations is needed to corroborate these preliminary observations and to elucidate the potential underlying mechanisms and translational potential of our novel observations.

Trial registration

Name of the registry:ClinicalTrials.gov PRSThe registration number:NCT02697903.Date of Registry: 03/03/2016 'Retrospectively registered'.The registration title: Pomegranate Improve Biological Recovery Kinetics in Elite Weightlifter.

Graphical abstract

Fruit-Derived Polyphenol Supplementation for Athlete Recovery and Performance

Polyphenols are characterised structurally by two or more hydroxyl groups attached to one or more benzene rings, and provide the taste and colour characteristics of fruits and vegetables. They are radical scavengers and metal chelators, but due to their low concentration in biological fluids in vivo their antioxidant properties seem to be related to enhanced endogenous antioxidant capacity induced via signalling through the Nrf2 pathway. Polyphenols also seem to possess anti-inflammatory properties and have been shown to enhance vascular function via nitric oxide-mediated mechanisms. As a consequence, there is a rationale for supplementation with fruit-derived polyphenols both to enhance exercise performance, since excess reactive oxygen species generation has been implicated in fatigue development, and to enhance recovery from muscle damage induced by intensive exercise due to the involvement of inflammation and oxidative damage within muscle. Current evidence would suggest that acute supplementation with ~ 300 mg polyphenols 1–2 h prior to exercise may enhance exercise capacity and/or performance during endurance and repeated sprint exercise via antioxidant and vascular mechanisms. However, only a small number of studies have been performed to date, some with methodological limitations, and more research is needed to confirm these findings. A larger body of evidence suggests that supplementation with > 1000 mg polyphenols per day for 3 or more days prior to and following exercise will enhance recovery following muscle damage via antioxidant and anti-inflammatory mechanisms. The many remaining unanswered questions within the field of polyphenol research and exercise performance and recovery are highlighted within this review article.

Effects of natural polyphenol-rich pomegranate juice on the acute and delayed response of Homocysteine and steroidal hormones following weightlifting exercises: a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial

BACKGROUND

Maximal strength-speed exercise is a powerful stimulus to acutely increase concentrations of circulating steroid hormones and homocysteine [Hcy]. There is some evidence that antioxidant beverages rich in polyphenols can attenuate [Hcy] levels and modulate endocrine responses in favor of an anabolic environment. Polyphenols-rich pomegranate (POM) have been reported to possess one of the highest antioxidant capacities compared to other purported nutraceuticals and other food stuffs. Studies focused on proving the beneficial effect of POM consumption during maximal strength exercises have only measured physical performance, muscle damage, oxidative stress and inflammatory responses, while POM effects on [Hcy] and hormonal adaptations are lacking. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of consuming natural polyphenol-rich pomegranate juice (POMj) on the acute and delayed [Hcy] and steroidal hormonal responses to a weightlifting exercises session.

METHODS

Nine elite weightlifters (21.0 ± 1 years) performed two Olympic-weightlifting sessions after ingesting either the placebo (PLA) or POMj supplements. Venous blood samples were collected at rest and 3 min and 48 h after each session.

RESULTS

Compared to baseline values, circulating cortisol [C] decreased (p < 0.01) and testosterone/cortisol [T/C] ratio increased immediately following the training session in both PLA and POMj conditions (p = 0.003 for PLA and p = 0.02 for POM). During the 48 h recovery period, all tested parameters were shown to recover to baseline values in both conditions with significant increases in [C] and decreases in [T/C] (p < 0.01 for PLA and p < 0.05 for POMj) from 3 min to 48 h post-exercises. Compared to PLA, a lower level of plasma testosterone [T] was registered 3 min post exercise using POMj supplementation (p = 0.012) and a significant decrease (p = 0.04, %change = - 14%) in plasma [Hcy] was registered during the 48 h recovery period only using POMj. A moderate correlation was observed between [Hcy] and [T] responses (p = 0.002, r = - 0.50).

CONCLUSION

In conclusion, supplementation with POMj has the potential to attenuate the acute plasma [T] response, but did not effect 48 h recovery kinetics of [Hcy] following weightlifting exercise. Further studies investigating androgen levels in both plasma and muscular tissue are needed to resolve the functional consequences of the observed acute POMj effect on plasma [T].

TRIAL REGISTRATION

Clinical Trials.gov, ID: NCT02697903. Registered 03 March 2016.

Oxidation of cysteine 34 of plasma albumin as a biomarker of oxidative stress

Introduction: In order to better understand the physiological and pathophysiological roles of reactive oxygen species (ROS), multiple blood and urine biomarkers of oxidative stress have been developed. The single free thiol (Cys34) in plasma albumin is a useful biomarker of oxidative stress because thiol groups are particularly sensitive to oxidation by ROS. The primary aim of this study was to develop a gel electrophoresis-based method (mPEG assay) that would be more widely accessible than existing chromatography techniques to assay the oxidation state of albumin Cys34.Method: Blood samples were collected into a solution containing polyethylene glycol maleimide (malpeg). Plasma samples were divided into two aliquots, with a reducing agent added to one aliquot. Albumin bound to malpeg was separated from albumin by gel electrophoresis. The proportion of albumin in reduced form (-SH), disulphide form (-SSX) and irreversibly oxidised form (-SO₂, -SO₃) could then be calculated.Results: Data for the mPEG assay was comparable to data from chromatographic and mass spectrometric assays. The mPEG assay was more sensitive than the albumin carbonyl assay for the detection of changes in albumin oxidation level in response to exposure to hydrogen peroxide or hypochlorous acid. This assay could also be performed on small blood samples (less than 10 µL) from fingerprick, thus facilitating longitudinal tracking of changes in albumin Cys34 oxidation level.Conclusion: The mPEG assay is a user-friendly, highly sensitive, specific, cost-effective gel electrophoresis-based method for the assay of the oxidations state of albumin Cys34 as a biomarker of oxidative stress.HighlightsProtein thiol groups are sensitive to oxidation by reactive oxygen species.Plasma albumin contains a reduced cysteine residue (Cys34) sensitive to oxidation.A novel gel electrophoresis-based method (mPEG) has been developed to measure the oxidation state of Cys34.The mPEG assay can be run on a drop of blood collected by fingerprick.

Natural combination of phenolic glycosides from fruits resists pro-oxidant insults to colon cells and enhances intrinsic antioxidant status in mice

A combination of fresh fruits adequately supplying required nutrients is likely to have better health benefits by virtue of the synergistic/additive effect of its natural constituents. With this view and aiming to obtain phenolic glycosides in combination, fresh apple, grape, orange, pomegranate, and sapota fruit juices were combined and lyophilized. An aqueous extract of this fruit combination (AEFC) had polyphenols as a major constituent (47.36 μg GAE/mL) and LC–MS analysis documented the presence of cyanidin and pallidol 3-O-glucosides, phloridzin, delphinidin-3-O-rutinoside, kaempferol-3-O-pentoside, quercetin-3-O-rutinoside, trans-caffeic acid. Corroborating this, AEFC exhibited significant DPPH and superoxide radical scavenging activities (IC₅₀values 43.63 and 49.01 μg/mL) and protected colon epithelial cells (HCT-15) against H₂O₂ and AAPH induced cell death by 40 and 72.62% and buthionine sulfoximine (BSO) induced GSH depletion by 52.43%. In normal Swiss albino mice, administration of AEFC for over 30 days improved hepatic and renal GPx, SOD, and catalase activities and GSH levels. The study thus suggests the combinatorial effects of natural phenolic glycosides from fruits in resisting oxidative insults and associated disease pathology.

Assessment of Antioxidant Capacity and Putative Healthy Effects of Natural Plant Products Using Soybean Lipoxygenase-Based Methods. An Overview

In the last decades, increasing demand of antioxidant-rich foods and growing interest in their putative role in prevention of degenerative diseases have promoted development of methods for measuring Antioxidant Capacity (AC). Nevertheless, most of these assays use radicals and experimental conditions far from the physiological ones, and are able to estimate only one or a few antioxidant mechanisms. On the other hand, the novel LOX/RNO and LOX⁻FL methods, based on secondary reactions between the soybean lipoxygenase (LOX)-1 isoenzyme and either 4-nitroso-N,N-dimethylaniline (RNO) or fluorescein (FL), may provide a more comprehensive AC evaluation. In fact, they are able to detect simultaneously many antioxidant functions (scavenging of some physiological radical species, iron ion reducing and chelating activities, inhibition of the pro-oxidant apoenzyme) and to highlight synergism among phytochemicals. They are applied to dissect antioxidant properties of several natural plant products: food-grade antioxidants, cereal and pseudocereal grains, grain-derived products, fruits. Recently, LOX⁻FL has been used for ex vivo AC measurements of human blood samples after short- and long-term intakes of some of these foods, and the effectiveness in improving serum antioxidant status was evaluated using the novel Antioxidant/Oxidant Balance (AOB) parameter, calculated as an AC/Peroxide Level ratio. An overview of data is presented.

Effects of pomegranate supplementation on exercise performance and post-exercise recovery in healthy adults: a systematic review

The functional significance of pomegranate (POM) supplementation on physiological responses during and following exercise is currently unclear. This systematic review aimed (i) to evaluate the existing literature assessing the effects of POM supplementation on exercise performance and recovery; exercise-induced muscle damage, oxidative stress, inflammation; and cardiovascular function in healthy adults and (ii) to outline the experimental conditions in which POM supplementation is more or less likely to benefit exercise performance and/or recovery. Multiple electronic databases were used to search for studies examining the effects of POM intake on physiological responses during and/or following exercise in healthy adult. Articles were included in the review if they investigated the effects of an acute or chronic POM supplementation on exercise performance, recovery and/or physiological responses during or following exercise. The existing evidence suggests that POM supplementation has the potential to confer antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects during and following exercise, to improve cardiovascular responses during exercise, and to enhance endurance and strength performance and post-exercise recovery. However, the beneficial effects of POM supplementation appeared to be less likely when (i) unilateral eccentric exercise was employed, (ii) the POM administered was not rich in polyphenols (<1·69 g/l) and (iii) insufficient time was provided between POM-ingestion and the assessment of physiological responses/performance (≤1 h). The review indicates that POM has the potential to enhance exercise performance and to expedite recovery from intensive exercise. The findings and recommendations from this review may help to optimise POM-supplementation practice in athletes and coaches to potentially improve exercise-performance and post-exercise recovery.

GSH levels affect weight loss in individuals with metabolic syndrome and obesity following dietary therapy

This study examined the effects of redox status markers on metabolic syndrome (MetS) and obesity before and after dietary intervention and exercise for weight loss. A total of 103 adults suffering from MetS and obesity participated in this study and followed a personalized diet plan for 6 months. Body weight, body fat (BF) percentage (BF%), respiratory quotient (RQ) and the redox status markers, reduced glutathione (GSH), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and protein carbonyls (CARB), were measured twice in each individual, before and after intervention. Dietary intervention resulted in weight loss, a reduction in BF% and a decrease in RQ. The GSH levels were significantly decreased following intervention, while the levels of TBARS and CARB were not affected. Based on the initial GSH levels, the patients were divided into 2 groups as follows: The high GSH group (GSH, >3.5 µmol/g Hb) and the low GSH group (GSH <3.5 µmol/g Hb). Greater weight and BF loss were observed in patients with high GSH levels. It was observed that patients with MetS and obesity with high GSH values responded better to the dietary therapy, exhibiting more significant changes in weight and BF%. This finding underscores the importance of identifying redox status markers, particularly GSH, in obese patients with MetS. Knowing the levels of GSH may aid in developing a better design of an individualized dietary plan for individuals who wish to lose weight.

Supplementation with a Polyphenol-Rich Extract, TensLess® , Attenuates Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness and Improves Muscle Recovery from Damages After Eccentric Exercise

High-intensity exercises are known to provoke delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS). Delayed onset muscle soreness typically occurs within the first 24 h, peaks between 24 and 72 h, and can last as long as 5-7 days post-exercise. Delayed onset muscle soreness is a multifactorial process involving both mechanical and biochemical components, associated with clinical features that may limit range of motion, and athletes seek for effective recovery strategies to optimize future training sessions. TensLess^® is a food supplement developed to help manage post-exercise recovery. The supplement has been investigated on 13 recreationally active athletes of both sex, during a randomized, double-blind, and crossover clinical investigation, including a 3-week washout period. The clinical investigation was based on the study of TensLess^® effects for DOMS management and on the reduction of associated muscle damages following an eccentric exercise protocol. Supplementation with TensLess^® induced significant decrease in DOMS perception (-33%; p = 0.008) as of the first 24 h; this was significantly correlated with a lowered release of muscle damage-associated biomarkers, namely myoglobin, creatinine, and creatine kinase, for the whole length of the recovery period. Taken together, these positive results clearly indicate that post-exercise supplementation with TensLess^® may preserve myocytes and reduce soreness following eccentric exercise-induced damages, and, accordingly, significantly shorten muscle recovery. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Effect of pomegranate juice consumption on biochemical parameters and complete blood count

Pomegranate has been used therapeutically for centuries. The aim of the present study was to examine the effects of pomegranate juice (PJ) supplementation on complete blood count (CBC), glucose, blood lipids and C-reactive protein (CRP) in healthy subjects. A total of 5 males and 5 females (aged 31.8±6.6 years, weighing 66.2±12.9 kg) were randomly assigned into one of two groups and either consumed 500 ml PJ/day or no PJ for 14 days. Blood samples were obtained from participants prior to and following the experimental period. PJ consumption resulted in a significant increase in red blood cell count (P<0.05), hemoglobin levels (P<0.001) and hematocrit levels (P<0.05). Other CBC parameters, glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein and CRP levels did not significantly change following PJ consumption. These results indicate that PJ intake for a short period of time may result in increased erythropoiesis or decreased degradation without any significant alterations in factors associated with metabolic health and inflammation in healthy individuals.

Effects of Pomegranate Juice Supplementation on Oxidative Stress Biomarkers Following Weightlifting Exercise

The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that pomegranate juice supplementation would blunt acute and delayed oxidative stress responses after a weightlifting training session. Nine elite weightlifters (21.0 ± 1 years) performed two Olympic-Weightlifting sessions after ingesting either the placebo or pomegranate juice supplements. Venous blood samples were collected at rest and 3 min and 48 h after each session. Compared to the placebo condition, pomegranate juice supplementation attenuated the increase in malondialdehyde (−12.5%; p < 0.01) and enhanced the enzymatic (+8.6% for catalase and +6.8% for glutathione peroxidase; p < 0.05) and non-enzymatic (+12.6% for uric acid and +5.7% for total bilirubin; p < 0.01) antioxidant responses shortly (3 min) after completion of the training session. Additionally, during the 48 h recovery period, pomegranate juice supplementation accelerated (p < 0.05) the recovery kinetics of the malondialdehyde (5.6%) and the enzymatic antioxidant defenses compared to the placebo condition (9 to 10%). In conclusion, supplementation with pomegranate juice has the potential to attenuate oxidative stress by enhancing antioxidant responses assessed acutely and up to 48 h following an intensive weightlifting training session. Therefore, elite weightlifters might benefit from blunted oxidative stress responses following intensive weightlifting sessions, which could have implications for recovery between training sessions.

Evidence for the effectiveness of pomegranate supplementation for blood pressure management is weak: A systematic review of randomized clinical trials

Hypertension is one of the most important preventable causes of premature death. Studies have been conducted assessing the impact of pomegranate on blood pressure, with varying results. The aim of this review was to critically appraise and evaluate the effect of pomegranate on blood pressure in adults, using evidence from randomized clinical trials (RCTs). We conducted electronic searches in Medline, Embase, Amed, and The Cochrane Library, and included RCTs assessing the effectiveness of pomegranate on blood pressure. We assessed the reporting quality using the Cochrane criteria. We included 8 RCTs comprising 619 participants. The studies varied in their reporting quality, and compared pomegranate juice or capsules with a control. Two studies reported significant reductions in systolic blood pressure favoring pomegranate: p = .002 and p < .001 respectively; 3 studies reported no significant differences between groups; and 3 studies failed to report between-group differences. Two studies reported significant reductions in diastolic blood pressure favoring pomegranate: p = .038, p < .001, respectively; 4 studies reported no significant between-group differences; and 2 studies did not report between group differences. No adverse events were observed. The limited evidence from clinical trials to date fails to convincingly show a beneficial effect of pomegranate on blood pressure. We have identified evidence gaps and highlight areas for future research to be conducted, including performing studies of high quality and longer duration.

De novo transcriptome assembly and quantification reveal differentially expressed genes between soft-seed and hard-seed pomegranate (Punica granatum L.)

Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) belongs to Punicaceae, and is valued for its social, ecological, economic, and aesthetic values, as well as more recently for its health benefits. The 'Tunisia' variety has softer seeds and big arils that are easily swallowed. It is a widely popular fruit; however, the molecular mechanisms of the formation of hard and soft seeds is not yet clear. We conducted a de novo assembly of the seed transcriptome in P. granatum L. and revealed differential gene expression between the soft-seed and hard-seed pomegranate varieties. A total of 35.1 Gb of data were acquired in this study, including 280,881,106 raw reads. Additionally, de novo transcriptome assembly generated 132,287 transcripts and 105,743 representative unigenes; approximately 13,805 unigenes (37.7%) were longer than 1,000 bp. Using bioinformatics annotation libraries, a total of 76,806 unigenes were annotated and, among the high-quality reads, 72.63% had at least one significant match to an existing gene model. Gene expression and differentially expressed genes were analyzed. The seed formation of the two pomegranate cultivars involves lignin biosynthesis and metabolism, including some genes encoding laccase and peroxidase, WRKY, MYB, and NAC transcription factors. In the hard-seed pomegranate, lignin-related genes and cellulose synthesis-related genes were highly expressed; in soft-seed pomegranates, expression of genes related to flavonoids and programmed cell death was slightly higher. We validated selection of the identified genes using qRT-PCR. This is the first transcriptome analysis of P. granatum L. This transcription sequencing greatly enriched the pomegranate molecular database, and the high-quality SSRs generated in this study will aid the gene cloning from pomegranate in the future. It provides important insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying the formation of soft seeds in pomegranate.

Pomegranate juice prevents development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in rats by attenuating oxidative stress and inflammation

BACKGROUND

The effects of pomegranate juice (PJ) on the risk factors of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)/non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) have been reported previously; however, the effects on NAFLD and its prevention have not yet been clarified. The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of PJ consumption with respect to the prevention of NAFLD/NASH development. Sprague-Dawley rats were fed either a high-fat, high sugar diet (model group); a high-fat, high sugar diet plus PJ (model+PJ); or a chow diet ad libitum for 7 weeks. Serum levels of fasting glucose, triglyceride, cholesterol, liver enzymes, insulin and hepatic tumor necrosis factor-α and tissue growth factor-β gene expression were determined. Hepatic histology was examined by hemotoxylin and eosin staining.

RESULTS

The model+PJ group had significantly lower hepatic steatosis, ballooning, lobular inflammation and portal inflammation (P < 0.001); lower hepatic pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrotic gene expression (P < 0.001); and lower plasma levels of alanine aminotransferase (P = 0.026), aspartate aminotransferase (P = 0.041), insulin (P < 0.001), triglycerides (P = 0.041) and glucose (P = 0.009) compared to the model group; however, weight gain, food intake and plasma high-density lipoprotein levels were not significantly different between these two groups.

CONCLUSION

The data obtained in the present study indicate that the regular consumption of PJ can prevent NAFLD even in the presence of the other risk factors such as obesity, hypercholesterolemia, and high energy, fat and sugar intakes. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry.

Effect of under- and overfeeding on sheep and goat milk and plasma enzymes activities related to oxidation

Twenty-four dairy sheep and goats, respectively, were assigned each to three homogenous subgroups per animal species and fed the same diet in quantities which met 70% (underfeeding), 100% (control) and 130% (overfeeding) of their energy and crude protein requirements. The results showed that the underfed sheep in comparison with the control had significantly lower glutathione reductase (GR), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) activities and total antioxidant capacity (measured with Ferric Reducing Ability of Plasma [FRAP] assay) in their blood plasma. A significant increase in the glutathione transferase (GST) and GPX activities, malondialdehyde content and total antioxidant capacity (measured with 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) [ABTS] assay) in the blood plasma of underfed goats compared with controls was observed, while the opposite happened for the GR and SOD activities. The underfeeding in both animal species caused a significant increase in the protein carbonyls (PC) content of their blood plasma. The overfeeding, compared with the control, caused a significant decline in the GPX activity and total antioxidant capacity (measured with FRAP) in the blood plasma of sheep while the opposite happened for the GPX and GST activities in the case of goats. The overfed animals, of both species, compared with the respective controls, had higher PC content in their blood plasma. The feeding level had no noticeable impact on the antioxidants' enzymes activities of milk in both animal species. Moreover, the underfeeding in the blood plasma and the overfeeding in milk of both animal species resulted into a significant increase in the PC content. Finally, only in sheep milk, the underfeeding, compared with the respective control, and overfeeding reduced significantly the total antioxidant capacity (measured with ABTS). The feeding level caused oxidative stress in both organism and milk but the response was different in animal species and needs further investigation.

Effect of total flavonoids of Spatholobus suberectus Dunn on PCV2 induced oxidative stress in RAW264.7 cells

Background

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of total flavonoids of Spatholobus suberectus Dunn (TFSD) on PCV2 induced oxidative stress in RAW264.7 cells.

Methods

Oxidative stress model was established in RAW264.7 cells by infecting with PCV2. Virus infected cells were then treated with various concentrations (25 mg/ml, 50 mg/ml and 100 mg/ml) of TFSD. The levels of oxidative stress related molecules (NO, ROS, GSH and GSSG) and activities of associated enzymes (SOD, MPO and XOD were analyzed using ultraviolet spectrophotometry, fluorescence method and commercialized detection kits.

Results

PCV2 infection induced significant increase of NO secretion, ROS generation, GSSG content, activities of both XOD and MPO, and dramatically decrease of GSH content and SOD activity in RAW264.7 cells (P < 0.05). After treating with TFSD, PCV2 induced alteration of oxidative stress related molecule levels and enzyme activities were recovered to a level similar to control.

Conclusion

Our findings indicated that TFSD was able to regulate oxidative stress induced by PCV2 infection in RAW264.7 cells, which supports the ethnomedicinal use of this herb as an alternative or complementary therapeutic drug for reactive oxygen-associated pathologies.

Pomegranate Supplementation Accelerates Recovery of Muscle Damage and Soreness and Inflammatory Markers after a Weightlifting Training Session

Purpose

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of natural Pomegranate juice supplementation on performance and acute and delayed responses of muscle soreness and biomarkers of muscle damage after a weightlifting training session.

Methods

Nine elite weightlifters (21±0.5 years) performed two Olympic-Weightlifting-sessions after either placebo (PLA) or natural pomegranate juice (POMj) supplementations. Heart rate, blood pressure and blood samples (hematological parameters, muscle damage and C-reactive protein (CRP)) were collected at rest, 3min and 48h after each session. Weightlifting performance, RPE, and DOMS were also assessed after each training session.

Results

T-test showed higher performance (+8.30%) and lower RPE values (-4.37%) using POMj supplementation (p<0.05) in comparison with PLA. For the DOMS values, a significant improvement (13.4%) was shown only for the knee extensors (p<0.01) using the POMj. Compared to PLA condition, POMj attenuated the acute (i.e., 3min) increase of systolic blood pressure (SBP), HR, CK and LDH (p<0.05; -4.46%, -1.81%, -8.75%, -1.64%, respectively) and blunted the significant increase of ASAT, PAL and CRP (p>0.05). Additionally, during the 48h following the training session, POMj improved the recovery kinetic of SBP (p<0.01, 7.97%), CK (p<0.001, 11.34%), LDH (p<0.05, 7.30%) and ASAT (p<0.05, 6.77%). Indeed, the present study showed that 48h of recovery associated to natural POMj supplementation was sufficient to reach the resting values of the selected muscle damage markers after intensive training session.

Conclusion

Natural POMj seems to ameliorate the capacity to adhere to an intensive training program. Therefore, elite weightlifters are advised to use natural POMj during intensive training program and competition to accelerate muscle recovery.

Trial Registration

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02697903

Effects of supplementation with pomegranate juice on plasma C-reactive protein concentrations: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

BACKGROUND

Pomegranate juice (PJ) has a high content of antioxidants and bioactive polyphenols, being widely used for its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and chemopreventive effects.

PURPOSE

The objective of this meta-analysis consisted in investigating the impact of PJ on plasma C-reactive protein (CRP) concentrations.

METHODS

The search included SCOPUS, Medline and two Iranian bibliographic databases namely MagIran and Scientific Information Database (from inception to December 09, 2014) to identify prospective trials for investigating the impact of pomegranate preparations on serum concentrations of CRP. Two independent reviewers extracted data on study characteristics, methods and outcomes.

RESULTS

Among 427 participants in the selected studies, 216 were allocated to PJ groups, and 211 to control group. Meta-analysis of data from 5 eligible randomized controlled trials (RCTs) arms did not provide compelling evidence as to a significant CRP-lowering effect of supplementation with pomegranate juice (WMD: -0.22 mg/l, 95% CI: -0.45, 0.01, p = 0.061). The impact of pomegranate juice on plasma CRP levels was found to be independent of duration of supplementation (slope: 0.003; 95% CI: -0.005, 0.011; p = 0.444).

CONCLUSION

In conclusion, this meta-analysis of data from 5 prospective trials did not indicate a significant effect of PJ on plasma CRP levels, and this effect was independent of duration of supplementation.

Pomegranate Intake Protects Against Genomic Instability Induced by Medical X-rays In Vivo in Mice

Ionizing radiation (IR) is a well-documented human carcinogen. The increased use of IR in medical procedures has doubled the annual radiation dose and may increase cancer risk. Genomic instability is an intermediate lesion in IR-induced cancer. We examined whether pomegranate extract (PE) suppresses genomic instability induced by x-rays. Mice were treated orally with PE and exposed to an x-ray dose of 2 Gy. PE intake suppressed x-ray-induced DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) in peripheral blood and chromosomal damage in bone marrow. We hypothesized that PE-mediated protection against x-ray-induced damage may be due to the upregulation of DSB repair and antioxidant enzymes and/or increase in glutathione (GSH) levels. We found that expression of DSB repair genes was not altered (Nbs1 and Rad50) or was reduced (Mre11, DNA-PKcs, Ku80, Rad51, Rad52 and Brca2) in the liver of PE-treated mice. Likewise, mRNA levels of antioxidant enzymes were reduced (Gpx1, Cat, and Sod2) or were not altered (HO-1 and Sod1) as a function of PE treatment. In contrast, PE-treated mice with and without IR exposure displayed higher hepatic GSH concentrations than controls. Thus, ingestion of pomegranate polyphenols is associated with inhibition of x-ray-induced genomic instability and elevated GSH, which may reduce cancer risk.

Development and Validation of a Kit to Measure Drink Antioxidant Capacity Using a Novel Colorimeter

Measuring the antioxidant capacity of foods is essential, as a means of quality control to ensure that the final product reaching the consumer will be of high standards. Despite the already existing assays with which the antioxidant activity is estimated, new, faster and low cost methods are always sought. Therefore, we have developed a novel colorimeter and combined it with a slightly modified DPPH assay, thus creating a kit that can assess the antioxidant capacity of liquids (e.g., different types of coffee, beer, wine, juices) in a quite fast and low cost manner. The accuracy of the colorimeter was ensured by comparing it to a fully validated Hitachi U-1900 spectrophotometer, and a coefficient was calculated to eliminate the observed differences. In addition, a new, user friendly software was developed, in order to render the procedure as easy as possible, while allowing a central monitoring of the obtained results. Overall, a novel kit was developed, with which the antioxidant activity of liquids can be measured, firstly to ensure their quality and secondly to assess the amount of antioxidants consumed with the respective food.