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Shang J, Yan J, Lou H, Shou R, Zhan Y, Lu X, Fan X. Genome-wide DNA methylation sequencing reveals the involvement of ferroptosis in hepatotoxicity induced by dietary exposure to food-grade titanium dioxide. Part Fibre Toxicol 2024; 21:37. [PMID: 39294687 PMCID: PMC11409784 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-024-00598-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 09/06/2024] [Indexed: 09/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Following the announcement by the European Food Safety Authority that the food additive titanium dioxide (E 171) is unsafe for human consumption, and the subsequent ban by the European Commission, concerns have intensified over the potential risks E 171 poses to human vital organs. The liver is the main organ for food-grade nanoparticle metabolism. It is increasingly being found that epigenetic changes may play an important role in nanomaterial-induced hepatotoxicity. However, the profound effects of E 171 on the liver, especially at the epigenetic level, remain largely unknown. METHODS Mice were exposed orally to human-relevant doses of two types of E 171 mixed in diet for 28 and/or 84 days. Conventional toxicology and global DNA methylation analyses were performed to assess E 171-induced hepatotoxicity and epigenetic changes. Whole genome bisulfite sequencing and further ferroptosis protein detection were used to reveal E 171-induced changes in liver methylation profiles and toxic mechanisms. RESULTS Exposed to E 171 for 28 and/or 84 days resulted in reduced global DNA methylation and hydroxymethylation in the liver of mice. E 171 exposure for 84 days elicited inflammation and damage in the mouse liver, whereas 28-day exposure did not. Whole-genome DNA methylation sequencing disclosed substantial methylation alterations at the CG and non-CG sites of the liver DNA in mice exposed to E 171 for 84 days. Mechanistic analysis of the DNA methylation alterations indicated that ferroptosis contributed to the liver toxicity induced by E 171. E 171-induced DNA methylation changes triggered NCOA4-mediated ferritinophagy, attenuated the protein levels of GPX4, FTH1, and FTL in the liver, and thereby caused ferroptosis. CONCLUSIONS Long-term oral exposure to E 171 triggers hepatotoxicity and induces methylation changes in both CG and non-CG sites of liver DNA. These epigenetic alterations activate ferroptosis in the liver through NCOA4-mediated ferritinophagy, highlighting the role of DNA methylation and ferroptosis in the potential toxicity caused by E 171 in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxin Shang
- Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Jun Yan
- Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - He Lou
- Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Rongshang Shou
- Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yingqi Zhan
- Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Xiaoyan Lu
- Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Modernization, Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta, Zhejiang University, Jiaxing, 314102, China.
- Jinhua Institute of Zhejiang University, Jinhua, 321299, China.
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, China.
| | - Xiaohui Fan
- Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Modernization, Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta, Zhejiang University, Jiaxing, 314102, China.
- Jinhua Institute of Zhejiang University, Jinhua, 321299, China.
- The Joint-Laboratory of Clinical Multi-Omics Research between Zhejiang University and Ningbo Municipal Hospital of TCM, Ningbo Municipal Hospital of TCM, Ningbo, 315010, China.
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Gregar F, Gallo J, Milde D, Hegrová J, Kučerová P, Grepl J, Pluháček T. In vivo assessment of TiO 2 based wear nanoparticles in periprosthetic tissues. Anal Bioanal Chem 2024; 416:3785-3796. [PMID: 38724776 PMCID: PMC11180632 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-024-05320-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
A multimodal approach combining inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), single-particle ICP-MS (spICP-MS), scanning electron microscopy-energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) and Raman spectroscopy enabled a deeper insight into the balance between total titanium (Ti), the soluble titanium fraction and titanium dioxide based particle fraction levels in periprosthetic tissues collected from patients undergoing revision surgery. Hydrofluoric acid usage in the sample digestion allowed for complete digestion of TiO2 particles, thus enabling accurate estimation of total Ti levels. The TiO2 fraction represents 38-94% of the titanium load in the six samples where particles were detected, and the fraction is present mainly in samples from patients with aseptically loosened total hip arthroplasty. Further attention was given to this fraction determining the elemental composition, particle count, particle size and modification of TiO2. The spICP-MS analysis confirmed the presence of the TiO2-derived (nano)particles (NPs) with a 39- to 187-nm median size and particle count up to 2.3 × 1011 particles per gram of tissue. On top of that, the SEM-EDS confirmed the presence of the TiO2 nanoparticles with 230-nm median size and an anatase crystal phase was determined by Raman spectroscopy. This study presents a novel multimodal approach for TiO2 particle determination and characterization in tissue samples and is the first in vivo study of this character.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filip Gregar
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, 17. listopadu 12, Olomouc, 771 46, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Gallo
- Department of Orthopaedics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University Olomouc, University Hospital Olomouc, I. P. Pavlova 6, Olomouc, 77520, Czech Republic
| | - David Milde
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, 17. listopadu 12, Olomouc, 771 46, Czech Republic
| | - Jitka Hegrová
- Transport Research Centre, Division of Sustainable Transport and Transport Structures Diagnostics, Líšeňská 33a, Brno, 619 00, Czech Republic
| | - Pavla Kučerová
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, 17. listopadu 12, Olomouc, 771 46, Czech Republic
| | - Jakub Grepl
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, 17. listopadu 12, Olomouc, 771 46, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Pluháček
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, 17. listopadu 12, Olomouc, 771 46, Czech Republic.
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Whelan K, Bancil AS, Lindsay JO, Chassaing B. Ultra-processed foods and food additives in gut health and disease. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2024; 21:406-427. [PMID: 38388570 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-024-00893-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Ultra-processed foods (UPFs) and food additives have become ubiquitous components of the modern human diet. There is increasing evidence of an association between diets rich in UPFs and gut disease, including inflammatory bowel disease, colorectal cancer and irritable bowel syndrome. Food additives are added to many UPFs and have themselves been shown to affect gut health. For example, evidence shows that some emulsifiers, sweeteners, colours, and microparticles and nanoparticles have effects on a range of outcomes, including the gut microbiome, intestinal permeability and intestinal inflammation. Broadly speaking, evidence for the effect of UPFs on gut disease comes from observational epidemiological studies, whereas, by contrast, evidence for the effect of food additives comes largely from preclinical studies conducted in vitro or in animal models. Fewer studies have investigated the effect of UPFs or food additives on gut health and disease in human intervention studies. Hence, the aim of this article is to critically review the evidence for the effects of UPF and food additives on gut health and disease and to discuss the clinical application of these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Whelan
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, King's College London, London, UK.
| | - Aaron S Bancil
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - James O Lindsay
- Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Barts and the London School of Medicine, London, UK
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Shin BJ, Kim BJ, Paeng EJ, Rifkin JT, Moon SH, Shin SH, Ryu BY. N-Acetyl-L-cysteine attenuates titanium dioxide nanoparticle (TiO 2 NP)-induced autophagy in male germ cells. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2024; 108:104466. [PMID: 38759847 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2024.104466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) are widely used in consumer products, raising concerns about their impact on human health. This study investigates the effects of TiO2 NPs on male germ cells while focusing on cell proliferation inhibition and underlying mechanisms. This was done by utilizing mouse GC-1 spermatogonia cells, an immortalized spermatogonia cell line. TiO2 NPs induced a concentration-dependent proliferation inhibition with increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. Notably, TiO2 NPs induced autophagy and decreased ERK phosphorylation. Treatment with the ROS inhibitor N-Acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC) alleviated TiO2 NPs-induced autophagy, restored ERK phosphorylation, and promoted cell proliferation. These findings call attention to the reproductive risks posed by TiO2 NPs while also highlighting NAC as a possible protective agent against reproductive toxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beom-Jin Shin
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, Gyeonggi-Do 17546, Republic of Korea
| | - Bang-Jin Kim
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Sciences, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Eun-Ji Paeng
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, Gyeonggi-Do 17546, Republic of Korea
| | - Jack Tyler Rifkin
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Sciences, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Sung-Hwan Moon
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, Gyeonggi-Do 17546, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Hee Shin
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, Gyeonggi-Do 17546, Republic of Korea
| | - Buom-Yong Ryu
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, Gyeonggi-Do 17546, Republic of Korea.
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Rodríguez-Ibarra C, Díaz-Urbina D, Zagal-Salinas AA, Medina-Reyes EI, Déciga-Alcaraz A, Hernández-Pando R, Chirino YI. Oral exposure to food grade titanium dioxide (E171) induces intestinal and behavioural alterations in adult mice but limited effects in young mice. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2024; 83:127409. [PMID: 38394968 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2024.127409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Food-grade titanium dioxide (E171), a white colourant widely used in ultra-processed food products, has been banned in the European Union. However, its usage is still permitted in medicines, and in several other countries. The estimated intake of E171 in children is higher than in adults, which led us to hypothesise that E171 induces differential effects depending on age, with adult mice being the most susceptible due to age, despite the lower dose. AIM To evaluate the effects of oral administration of E171 on intestinal permeability, ileum, and colon histology, and how these effects impact anxious and depressive behaviour in young and adult mice of both sexes. METHODS Young and adult mice of both sexes C57BL/6 mice received 10 mg/kgbw E171/3 times per week for 3 months. E171 was administered orally in water by pipetting, while control groups only received drinking water, then intestinal permeability, histology and animal behaviour were analysed. RESULTS E171 showed an amorphous shape, primary particles sized below 1 µm and anatase crystalline structure. Oral administration of E171 disrupted the intestinal permeability in adult male and female mice, but no effects were observed in young mice of both sexes. E171 promoted ileal adenoma formation in half of the adult female population, moreover hyperplastic crypts, and hyperplastic goblet cells at histological level in adult mice of both sexes. The colon presented hyperplastic goblet cells, hyperchromatic nuclei, increased proliferation and DNA damage in adult mice of both sexes. The anxiety and depressive behaviour were only altered in adult mice treated with E171, but no changes were detected in young animals of both sexes. CONCLUSIONS Adult mice displayed higher susceptibility in all parameters analysed in this study compared to young mice of both sexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Rodríguez-Ibarra
- Unidad de Biomedicina, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. de los Barrios No. 1, Los Reyes Iztacala, Tlalnepantla de Baz, CP 54090 Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Daniel Díaz-Urbina
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología de la Alimentación. Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. de los Barrios No. 1, Los Reyes Iztacala, Tlalnepantla de Baz, CP 54090 Estado de México, Mexico; Laboratory of Neurobiology on Compulsive Behaviors, The National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA), National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Alejandro A Zagal-Salinas
- Unidad de Biomedicina, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. de los Barrios No. 1, Los Reyes Iztacala, Tlalnepantla de Baz, CP 54090 Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Estefany I Medina-Reyes
- Unidad de Biomedicina, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. de los Barrios No. 1, Los Reyes Iztacala, Tlalnepantla de Baz, CP 54090 Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Alejandro Déciga-Alcaraz
- Química de Aerosoles Orgánicos Atmosféricos, Instituto de Ciencias de la Atmósfera y Cambio Climático, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, CP 04510 Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Rogelio Hernández-Pando
- Sección de Patología Experimental, Departamento de Patología, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición "Salvador Zubirán", Vasco de Quiroga 15, Belisario Domínguez Sección 16, Tlalpan, CP 14080 Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Yolanda I Chirino
- Unidad de Biomedicina, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. de los Barrios No. 1, Los Reyes Iztacala, Tlalnepantla de Baz, CP 54090 Estado de México, Mexico.
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6
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Gao Y, He L, Duan S, Bilige H, Lyu L, Li Z, Wang H, Li C, Wang Y. Potential mitigation of titanium dioxide nanoparticles against 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced colitis through inhibiting the canonical NF-κB pathway. NANOIMPACT 2024; 34:100512. [PMID: 38768902 DOI: 10.1016/j.impact.2024.100512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) have been widely employed in various industry fields, which makes consumers concerned about their health impact. Our previous work displayed that TiO2 NPs participated in the mitigation of TNBS-induced colitis, but the mechanism is still unknown. This work aimed to explore the role of oxidative stress and NF-κB pathway in the effect of TiO2 NPs on TNBS-induced colitis. The results showed that TiO2 NPs administration reduced the DAI score of colitis mice after TNBS enema. TiO2 NPs did not alter oxidative stress status (GSH/GSSG), but repaired the gut dysbacteriosis and inhibited the canonical NF-κB pathway activation in TNBS-induced colitis mice, manifested as a decrease in pathogenic bacteria and an increase in beneficial bacteria, as well as down-regulation of toll-like receptors (TLRs), IKKα, IKKβ, p65 and pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α and IFN-γ) in mRNA level, and the increased transcription of anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-10, TGF-β, and IL-12), along with the declined protein level of TNF-α in TiO2 NPs treated colitis mice. The present study suggested that oral TiO2 NPs administration inhibited the canonical NF-κB pathway activation by repairing gut dysbacteriosis, which made a predominant role in alleviating colitis. These findings provided a new perspective for exploring the safety of TiO2 NPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjun Gao
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, P. R. China
| | - Langzhi He
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, P. R. China
| | - Shumin Duan
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, P. R. China
| | - Hasen Bilige
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, P. R. China
| | - Lizhi Lyu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, P. R. China
| | - Zihui Li
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, P. R. China
| | - Hongbo Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, P. R. China
| | - Chen Li
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, P. R. China
| | - Yun Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, P. R. China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Toxicological Research and Risk Assessment for Food Safety, Peking University, Beijing 100191, P. R. China.
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Malaisé Y, Casale E, Pettes-Duler A, Cartier C, Gaultier E, Martins Breyner N, Houdeau E, Evariste L, Lamas B. Validating Enteroid-Derived Monolayers from Murine Gut Organoids for Toxicological Testing of Inorganic Particles: Proof-of-Concept with Food-Grade Titanium Dioxide. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2635. [PMID: 38473881 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Human exposure to foodborne inorganic nanoparticles (NPs) is a growing concern. However, identifying potential hazards linked to NP ingestion often requires long-term exposure in animals. Owing these constraints, intestinal organoids are a promising alternative to in vivo experiments; as such, an in vitro approach should enable a rapid and reliable assessment of the effects of ingested chemicals on the gut. However, this remains to be validated for inorganic substances. In our study, a transcriptomic analysis and immunofluorescence staining were performed to compare the effects of food-grade TiO2 (fg-TiO2) on enteroid-derived monolayers (EDMs) from murine intestinal organoids to the known impacts of TiO2 on intestinal epithelium. After their ability to respond to a pro-inflammatory cytokine cocktail was validated, EDMs were exposed to 0, 0.1, 1, or 10 µg fg-TiO2/mL for 24 h. A dose-related increase of the muc2, vilin 1, and chromogranin A gene markers of cell differentiation was observed. In addition, fg-TiO2 induced apoptosis and dose-dependent genotoxicity, while a decreased expression of genes encoding for antimicrobial peptides, and of genes related to tight junction function, was observed. These results validated the use of EDMs as a reliable model for the toxicity testing of foodborne NPs likely to affect the intestinal barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yann Malaisé
- Toxalim UMR1331 (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Toulouse University, INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, 31027 Toulouse, France
| | - Eva Casale
- Toxalim UMR1331 (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Toulouse University, INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, 31027 Toulouse, France
| | - Aurélie Pettes-Duler
- Toxalim UMR1331 (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Toulouse University, INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, 31027 Toulouse, France
| | - Christel Cartier
- Toxalim UMR1331 (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Toulouse University, INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, 31027 Toulouse, France
| | - Eric Gaultier
- Toxalim UMR1331 (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Toulouse University, INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, 31027 Toulouse, France
| | - Natalia Martins Breyner
- Toxalim UMR1331 (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Toulouse University, INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, 31027 Toulouse, France
| | - Eric Houdeau
- Toxalim UMR1331 (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Toulouse University, INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, 31027 Toulouse, France
| | - Lauris Evariste
- Toxalim UMR1331 (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Toulouse University, INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, 31027 Toulouse, France
| | - Bruno Lamas
- Toxalim UMR1331 (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Toulouse University, INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, 31027 Toulouse, France
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Putra C, Bello D, Kelleher SL, Tucker KL, Mangano KM. Stool titanium dioxide is positively associated with stool alpha-1 antitrypsin and calprotectin in young healthy adults. NANOIMPACT 2024; 33:100498. [PMID: 38367662 DOI: 10.1016/j.impact.2024.100498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
Titanium dioxide (TiO2/E171) is used widely in foods, primarily as a food additive. Animal models have shown that chronic TiO2 exposure may disturb homeostasis of the gastrointestinal tract by increasing gut permeability, inducing gut inflammation, and increasing the likelihood of microbial infection. Adults have a wide range of ingested TiO2,which span two to three orders of magnitude, with a small portion of individuals consuming near gram quantities of TiO2/day. However, research on the health effects of chronic ingestion of TiO2/E171 in humans is limited. We hypothesized that regularly ingested TiO2/E171 is associated with increased gut inflammation and gut permeability in healthy adults. We tested this hypothesis in a cross-sectional design by measuring clinically established stool markers of gut inflammation (calprotectin, lactoferrin) and gut permeability (alpha-1 antitrypsin; A1AT) in 35 healthy adults, and comparing these markers between relatively high and low TiO2 exposure groups. Participants were stratified by TiO2 stool content (high dry stool TiO2 content: 0.95-9.92 μg/mg, n = 20; low content: 0.01-0.04 μg/mg; n = 15). Differences in gut health markers were tested between high and low exposure groups by independent samples t-test or Mann-Whitney U test. Multivariable linear regression was used to assess the association between TiO2 in dry stool and measured stool alpha-1 antitrypsin (A1AT). Participants in the high stool TiO2 group had greater stool A1AT (42.7 ± 21.6 mg/dL; median: 38.3; range: 1.0-49.2 mg/dL), compared to the low TiO2 group (22.8 ± 13.6 mg/dL; median: 20.9; range: 8.7-93.0 mg/dL), P = 0.003. There was also greater stool calprotectin in the high TiO2 group (51.4 ± 48.6 μg/g; median 29.2 μg/g; range: 15.3-199.0 μg/g) than in the low group (47.5 ± 63.3 μg/g; median 18.8 μg/g; range: 1.6-198.1 μg/g), P = 0.04. No clear difference was observed for lactoferrin (high TiO2 group 1.6 ± 2.1 μg/g; median: 0.68 μg/g; range: 0.01-7.7 μg/g, low TiO2 group: 1.3 ± 2.6 μg/g; median: 0.2; range: 0.01-7.6 μg/g) (P = 0.15). A1AT concentration was positively associated with stool TiO2, after adjusting for confounders (β ± SE: 19.6 ± 7.2; P = 0.01) R2 = 0.38). Community dwelling, healthy adults with the highest TiO2 stool content had higher stool A1AT and calprotectin, compared to those with the lowest TiO2 stool content. Ongoing research is needed to validate these observations in larger groups, and to determine the long-term effects of ingested TiO2 on human gut health, using these and additional health endpoints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christianto Putra
- Department of Biomedical and Nutritional Sciences, Center for Population Health, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA, United States of America
| | - Dhimiter Bello
- Department of Biomedical and Nutritional Sciences, Center for Population Health, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA, United States of America
| | - Shannon L Kelleher
- Department of Biomedical and Nutritional Sciences, Center for Population Health, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA, United States of America
| | - Katherine L Tucker
- Department of Biomedical and Nutritional Sciences, Center for Population Health, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA, United States of America
| | - Kelsey M Mangano
- Department of Biomedical and Nutritional Sciences, Center for Population Health, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA, United States of America.
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Kumar A, Chinnathambi S, Kumar M, Pandian GN. Food Intake and Colorectal Cancer. Nutr Cancer 2023; 75:1710-1742. [PMID: 37572059 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2023.2242103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) accounts for considerable mortalities worldwide. Several modifiable risk factors, including a high intake of certain foods and beverages can cause CRC. This review summarized the latest findings on the intake of various foods, nutrients, ingredients, and beverages on CRC development, with the objective of classifying them as a risk or protective factor. High-risk food items include red meat, processed meat, eggs, high alcohol consumption, sugar-sweetened beverages, and chocolate candy. Food items that are protective include milk, cheese and other dairy products, fruits, vegetables (particularly cruciferous), whole grains, legumes (particularly soy beans), fish, tea (particularly green tea), coffee (particularly among Asians), chocolate, and moderate alcohol consumption (particularly wine). High-risk nutrients/ingredients include dietary fat from animal sources and industrial trans-fatty acids (semisolid/solid hydrogenated oils), synthetic food coloring, monosodium glutamate, titanium dioxide, and high-fructose corn sirup. Nutrients/ingredients that are protective include dietary fiber (particularly from cereals), fatty acids (medium-chain and odd-chain saturated fatty acids and highly unsaturated fatty acids, including omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids), calcium, polyphenols, curcumin, selenium, zinc, magnesium, and vitamins A, C, D, E, and B (particularly B6, B9, and B2). A combination of micronutrients and multi-vitamins also appears to be beneficial in reducing recurrent adenoma incidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akshaya Kumar
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-ICeMS), Institute for Advanced Study, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shanmugavel Chinnathambi
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-ICeMS), Institute for Advanced Study, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | | | - Ganesh N Pandian
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-ICeMS), Institute for Advanced Study, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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10
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Zhao Y, Liu S, Xu H. Effects of microplastic and engineered nanomaterials on inflammatory bowel disease: A review. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 326:138486. [PMID: 36963581 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Many microplastics and engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) exist in the daily environment. The intestinal impact of these exogenous fine particles on inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) people may be unpredictable. In this paper, we reviewed the recent progress in the effect of microplastics and ENMs on IBD individuals. We also compared and summarized the various roles of microplastics and ENMs in healthy and IBD bodies, including factors such as particle size, particle properties, intestinal microenvironment, interaction with the intestinal barrier, and molecular mechanism. Our literature review showed that microplastics could be accomplices in the development of IBD and could cause severe intestinal inflammation. Moreover, ENMs could elicit diverse exposure outcomes in healthy and IBD bodies. Silicon dioxide nanoparticles (SiO2 NPs), titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs), and graphene oxide (GO) displayed slight to adverse effects that turned into apparent adverse effects, while zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) and silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) showed a toxic effect that became therapeutic. A deeper understanding of the impact of microplastics and ENMs on the high-risk group was needed, and we proposed several insights into the research priorities and directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Shanji Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Hengyi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China.
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11
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Andrade-Meza A, Arias-Romero LE, Armas-López L, Ávila-Moreno F, Chirino YI, Delgado-Buenrostro NL, García-Castillo V, Gutiérrez-Cirlos EB, Juárez-Avelar I, Leon-Cabrera S, Mendoza-Rodríguez MG, Olguín JE, Perez-Lopez A, Pérez-Plasencia C, Reyes JL, Sánchez-Pérez Y, Terrazas LI, Vaca-Paniagua F, Villamar-Cruz O, Rodríguez-Sosa M. Mexican Colorectal Cancer Research Consortium (MEX-CCRC): Etiology, Diagnosis/Prognosis, and Innovative Therapies. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032115. [PMID: 36768437 PMCID: PMC9917340 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
In 2013, recognizing that Colorectal Cancer (CRC) is the second leading cause of death by cancer worldwide and that it was a neglected disease increasing rapidly in Mexico, the community of researchers at the Biomedicine Research Unit of the Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala from the Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM) established an intramural consortium that involves a multidisciplinary group of researchers, technicians, and postgraduate students to contribute to the understanding of this pathology in Mexico. This article is about the work developed by the Mexican Colorectal Cancer Research Consortium (MEX-CCRC): how the Consortium was created, its members, and its short- and long-term goals. Moreover, it is a narrative of the accomplishments of this project. Finally, we reflect on possible strategies against CRC in Mexico and contrast all the data presented with another international strategy to prevent and treat CRC. We believe that the Consortium's characteristics must be maintained to initiate a national strategy, and the reported data could be useful to establish future collaborations with other countries in Latin America and the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Andrade-Meza
- Unidad de Investigación en Biomedicina, Facultad de Estudios Superiores-Iztacala (FES-I), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Tlalnepantla 54090, Mexico
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico
| | - Luis E. Arias-Romero
- Unidad de Investigación en Biomedicina, Facultad de Estudios Superiores-Iztacala (FES-I), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Tlalnepantla 54090, Mexico
| | - Leonel Armas-López
- Unidad de Investigación en Biomedicina, Facultad de Estudios Superiores-Iztacala (FES-I), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Tlalnepantla 54090, Mexico
| | - Federico Ávila-Moreno
- Unidad de Investigación en Biomedicina, Facultad de Estudios Superiores-Iztacala (FES-I), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Tlalnepantla 54090, Mexico
| | - Yolanda I. Chirino
- Unidad de Investigación en Biomedicina, Facultad de Estudios Superiores-Iztacala (FES-I), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Tlalnepantla 54090, Mexico
| | - Norma L. Delgado-Buenrostro
- Unidad de Investigación en Biomedicina, Facultad de Estudios Superiores-Iztacala (FES-I), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Tlalnepantla 54090, Mexico
| | - Verónica García-Castillo
- Unidad de Investigación en Biomedicina, Facultad de Estudios Superiores-Iztacala (FES-I), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Tlalnepantla 54090, Mexico
| | - Emma B. Gutiérrez-Cirlos
- Unidad de Investigación en Biomedicina, Facultad de Estudios Superiores-Iztacala (FES-I), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Tlalnepantla 54090, Mexico
| | - Imelda Juárez-Avelar
- Unidad de Investigación en Biomedicina, Facultad de Estudios Superiores-Iztacala (FES-I), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Tlalnepantla 54090, Mexico
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico
| | - Sonia Leon-Cabrera
- Unidad de Investigación en Biomedicina, Facultad de Estudios Superiores-Iztacala (FES-I), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Tlalnepantla 54090, Mexico
- Carrera de Médico Cirujano, Facultad de Estudios Superiores-Iztacala (FES-I), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Tlalnepantla 54090, Mexico
| | - Mónica G. Mendoza-Rodríguez
- Unidad de Investigación en Biomedicina, Facultad de Estudios Superiores-Iztacala (FES-I), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Tlalnepantla 54090, Mexico
| | - Jonadab E. Olguín
- Laboratorio Nacional en Salud: Diagnóstico Molecular y Efecto Ambiental en Enfermedades Crónico-Degenerativas, Facultad de Estudios Superiores-Iztacala (FES-I), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Tlalnepantla 54090, Mexico
| | - Araceli Perez-Lopez
- Unidad de Investigación en Biomedicina, Facultad de Estudios Superiores-Iztacala (FES-I), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Tlalnepantla 54090, Mexico
| | - Carlos Pérez-Plasencia
- Unidad de Investigación en Biomedicina, Facultad de Estudios Superiores-Iztacala (FES-I), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Tlalnepantla 54090, Mexico
- Subdirección de Investigación Básica, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Ciudad de México 14080, Mexico
| | - José L. Reyes
- Unidad de Investigación en Biomedicina, Facultad de Estudios Superiores-Iztacala (FES-I), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Tlalnepantla 54090, Mexico
| | - Yesennia Sánchez-Pérez
- Subdirección de Investigación Básica, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Ciudad de México 14080, Mexico
| | - Luis I. Terrazas
- Unidad de Investigación en Biomedicina, Facultad de Estudios Superiores-Iztacala (FES-I), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Tlalnepantla 54090, Mexico
- Laboratorio Nacional en Salud: Diagnóstico Molecular y Efecto Ambiental en Enfermedades Crónico-Degenerativas, Facultad de Estudios Superiores-Iztacala (FES-I), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Tlalnepantla 54090, Mexico
| | - Felipe Vaca-Paniagua
- Unidad de Investigación en Biomedicina, Facultad de Estudios Superiores-Iztacala (FES-I), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Tlalnepantla 54090, Mexico
- Laboratorio Nacional en Salud: Diagnóstico Molecular y Efecto Ambiental en Enfermedades Crónico-Degenerativas, Facultad de Estudios Superiores-Iztacala (FES-I), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Tlalnepantla 54090, Mexico
- Subdirección de Investigación Básica, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Ciudad de México 14080, Mexico
| | - Olga Villamar-Cruz
- Unidad de Investigación en Biomedicina, Facultad de Estudios Superiores-Iztacala (FES-I), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Tlalnepantla 54090, Mexico
| | - Miriam Rodríguez-Sosa
- Unidad de Investigación en Biomedicina, Facultad de Estudios Superiores-Iztacala (FES-I), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Tlalnepantla 54090, Mexico
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +52-55-5623-1333
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12
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Hu W, Wang C, Gao D, Liang Q. Toxicity of transition metal nanoparticles: A review of different experimental models in the gastrointestinal tract. J Appl Toxicol 2023; 43:32-46. [PMID: 35289422 DOI: 10.1002/jat.4320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The development of nanotechnology is becoming a major trend nowadays. Nanoparticles (NPs) have been widely used in fields including food, biomedicine, and cosmetics, endowing NPs more opportunities to enter the human body. It is well-known that the gut microbiome plays a key role in human health, and the exposure of intestines to NPs is unavoidable. Accordingly, the toxicity of NPs has attracted more attention than before. This review mainly highlights recent advances in the evaluation of NPs' toxicity in the gastrointestinal system from the existing cell-based experimental models, such as the original mono-culture models, co-culture models, three-dimensional (3D) culture models, and the models established on microfluidic chips, to those in vivo experiments, such as mice models, Caenorhabditis elegans models, zebrafish models, human volunteers, as well as computer-simulated toxicity models. Owing to these models, especially those more biomimetic models, the outcome of the toxicity of NPs acting in the gastrointestinal tract can get results closer to what happened inside the real human microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanting Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China.,Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Chenlong Wang
- Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Dan Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qionglin Liang
- Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
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13
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Rolo D, Assunção R, Ventura C, Alvito P, Gonçalves L, Martins C, Bettencourt A, Jordan P, Vital N, Pereira J, Pinto F, Matos P, Silva MJ, Louro H. Adverse Outcome Pathways Associated with the Ingestion of Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles-A Systematic Review. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:nano12193275. [PMID: 36234403 PMCID: PMC9565478 DOI: 10.3390/nano12193275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2-NPs) are widely used, and humans are exposed through food (E171), cosmetics (e.g., toothpaste), and pharmaceuticals. The oral and gastrointestinal (GIT) tract are the first contact sites, but it may be systemically distributed. However, a robust adverse outcome pathway (AOP) has not been developed upon GIT exposure to TiO2-NPs. The aim of this review was to provide an integrative analysis of the published data on cellular and molecular mechanisms triggered after the ingestion of TiO2-NPs, proposing plausible AOPs that may drive policy decisions. A systematic review according to Prisma Methodology was performed in three databases of peer-reviewed literature: Pubmed, Scopus, and Web of Science. A total of 787 records were identified, screened in title/abstract, being 185 used for data extraction. The main endpoints identified were oxidative stress, cytotoxicity/apoptosis/cell death, inflammation, cellular and systemic uptake, genotoxicity, and carcinogenicity. From the results, AOPs were proposed where colorectal cancer, liver injury, reproductive toxicity, cardiac and kidney damage, as well as hematological effects stand out as possible adverse outcomes. The recent transgenerational studies also point to concerns with regard to population effects. Overall, the findings further support a limitation of the use of TiO2-NPs in food, announced by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA).
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Affiliation(s)
- Dora Rolo
- National Institute of Health Dr. Ricardo Jorge, 1649-016 Lisbon, Portugal
- ToxOmics—Centre for Toxicogenomics and Human Health, NOVA Medical School, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 1169-056 Lisbon, Portugal
- Correspondence:
| | - Ricardo Assunção
- National Institute of Health Dr. Ricardo Jorge, 1649-016 Lisbon, Portugal
- CESAM, Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
- IUEM, Instituto Universitário Egas Moniz, Egas Moniz-Cooperativa de Ensino Superior, CRL, 2829-511 Monte de Caparica, Portugal
| | - Célia Ventura
- National Institute of Health Dr. Ricardo Jorge, 1649-016 Lisbon, Portugal
- ToxOmics—Centre for Toxicogenomics and Human Health, NOVA Medical School, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 1169-056 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Paula Alvito
- National Institute of Health Dr. Ricardo Jorge, 1649-016 Lisbon, Portugal
- CESAM, Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Lídia Gonçalves
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Carla Martins
- National Institute of Health Dr. Ricardo Jorge, 1649-016 Lisbon, Portugal
- NOVA National School of Public Health, Public Health Research Centre, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 1600-560 Lisbon, Portugal
- Comprehensive Health Research Center (CHRC), 1169-056 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ana Bettencourt
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Peter Jordan
- National Institute of Health Dr. Ricardo Jorge, 1649-016 Lisbon, Portugal
- BioISI—Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Nádia Vital
- National Institute of Health Dr. Ricardo Jorge, 1649-016 Lisbon, Portugal
- ToxOmics—Centre for Toxicogenomics and Human Health, NOVA Medical School, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 1169-056 Lisbon, Portugal
- NOVA Medical School, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 1169-056 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Joana Pereira
- National Institute of Health Dr. Ricardo Jorge, 1649-016 Lisbon, Portugal
- BioISI—Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Fátima Pinto
- National Institute of Health Dr. Ricardo Jorge, 1649-016 Lisbon, Portugal
- ToxOmics—Centre for Toxicogenomics and Human Health, NOVA Medical School, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 1169-056 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Paulo Matos
- National Institute of Health Dr. Ricardo Jorge, 1649-016 Lisbon, Portugal
- BioISI—Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Maria João Silva
- National Institute of Health Dr. Ricardo Jorge, 1649-016 Lisbon, Portugal
- ToxOmics—Centre for Toxicogenomics and Human Health, NOVA Medical School, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 1169-056 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Henriqueta Louro
- National Institute of Health Dr. Ricardo Jorge, 1649-016 Lisbon, Portugal
- ToxOmics—Centre for Toxicogenomics and Human Health, NOVA Medical School, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 1169-056 Lisbon, Portugal
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14
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Yamano S, Takeda T, Goto Y, Hirai S, Furukawa Y, Kikuchi Y, Kasai T, Misumi K, Suzuki M, Takanobu K, Senoh H, Saito M, Kondo H, Umeda Y. No evidence for carcinogenicity of titanium dioxide nanoparticles in 26-week inhalation study in rasH2 mouse model. Sci Rep 2022; 12:14969. [PMID: 36056156 PMCID: PMC9440215 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-19139-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
With the rapid development of alternative methods based on the spirit of animal welfare, the publications of animal studies evaluating endpoints such as cancer have been extremely reduced. We performed a 26-week inhalation exposure studies of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) using CByB6F1-Tg(HRAS)2Jic (rasH2) mice model for detecting carcinogenicity. Male and female rasH2 mice were exposed to 2, 8 or 32 mg/m3 of TiO2 NPs for 6 h/day, 5 days/week for 26 weeks. All tissues and blood were collected and subjected to biological and histopathological analyses. TiO2 NPs exposure induced deposition of particles in lungs in a dose-dependent manner in each exposure group. Exposure to TiO2 NPs, as well as other organs, did not increase the incidence of lung tumors in any group, and pulmonary fibrosis and pre-neoplastic lesions were not observed in all groups. Finally, the cell proliferative activity of alveolar epithelial type 2 cells was examined, and it was not increased by exposure to TiO2 NPs. This is the first report showing the lack of pulmonary fibrogenicity and carcinogenicity (no evidence of carcinogenic activity) of TiO2 NPs in 26-week inhalation study in rasH2 mice exposed up to 32 mg/m3, which is considered to be a high concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shotaro Yamano
- Japan Bioassay Research Center, Japan Organization of Occupational Health and Safety, 2445 Hirasawa, Hadano, Kanagawa, 257-0015, Japan.
| | - Tomoki Takeda
- Japan Bioassay Research Center, Japan Organization of Occupational Health and Safety, 2445 Hirasawa, Hadano, Kanagawa, 257-0015, Japan.
| | - Yuko Goto
- Japan Bioassay Research Center, Japan Organization of Occupational Health and Safety, 2445 Hirasawa, Hadano, Kanagawa, 257-0015, Japan
| | - Shigeyuki Hirai
- Japan Bioassay Research Center, Japan Organization of Occupational Health and Safety, 2445 Hirasawa, Hadano, Kanagawa, 257-0015, Japan
| | - Yusuke Furukawa
- Japan Bioassay Research Center, Japan Organization of Occupational Health and Safety, 2445 Hirasawa, Hadano, Kanagawa, 257-0015, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Kikuchi
- Japan Bioassay Research Center, Japan Organization of Occupational Health and Safety, 2445 Hirasawa, Hadano, Kanagawa, 257-0015, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Kasai
- Japan Bioassay Research Center, Japan Organization of Occupational Health and Safety, 2445 Hirasawa, Hadano, Kanagawa, 257-0015, Japan
| | - Kyohei Misumi
- Japan Bioassay Research Center, Japan Organization of Occupational Health and Safety, 2445 Hirasawa, Hadano, Kanagawa, 257-0015, Japan
| | - Masaaki Suzuki
- Japan Bioassay Research Center, Japan Organization of Occupational Health and Safety, 2445 Hirasawa, Hadano, Kanagawa, 257-0015, Japan
| | - Kenji Takanobu
- Japan Bioassay Research Center, Japan Organization of Occupational Health and Safety, 2445 Hirasawa, Hadano, Kanagawa, 257-0015, Japan
| | - Hideki Senoh
- Japan Bioassay Research Center, Japan Organization of Occupational Health and Safety, 2445 Hirasawa, Hadano, Kanagawa, 257-0015, Japan
| | - Misae Saito
- Japan Bioassay Research Center, Japan Organization of Occupational Health and Safety, 2445 Hirasawa, Hadano, Kanagawa, 257-0015, Japan
| | - Hitomi Kondo
- Japan Bioassay Research Center, Japan Organization of Occupational Health and Safety, 2445 Hirasawa, Hadano, Kanagawa, 257-0015, Japan
| | - Yumi Umeda
- Japan Bioassay Research Center, Japan Organization of Occupational Health and Safety, 2445 Hirasawa, Hadano, Kanagawa, 257-0015, Japan
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15
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Zhu X, Zhao L, Wang Y, Hu X, Zhu Y, Yang X. Dietary titanium dioxide particles (E171) promote diet-induced atherosclerosis through reprogramming gut microbiota-mediated choline metabolism in APOE -/- mice. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 436:129179. [PMID: 35739712 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.129179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Food-grade titanium dioxide (E171) has been reported to induce changes in some intestinal metabolites related to development of atherosclerosis (AS). However, little is known about the effects of chronic dietary intake of E171 on AS development, particularly in AS-prone populations with high-choline western diet (HCD). Herein, we disclosed that E171 obviously exacerbated HCD-induced AS through increasing production of trimethylamine (TMA) and pro-atherogenic trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) via remodeling gut microbiota structure in APOE-/- mice. Oral administration of 40 mg/kg E171 daily for 4 months significantly increased the atherosclerotic lesion area, especially in the HCD group. Mechanistic studies revealed that E171 induced much more TMAO production by increasing the gut microbial expression of choline TMA lyases (CutC/D), which converted dietary choline to TMA by a glycyl radical reaction. The 16S rDNA sequencing analysis demonstrated that bacterial strains expressing CutC/D were enriched by E171 in HCD-fed mice. In contrast, gut microbiota depletion eliminated the impact of E171 on choline/TMA/TMAO pathway and AS progression, indicating gut flora shifts were responsible for the exacerbation effects of E171 ingestion on HCD-induced AS. All the results emphasized the alarming role of E171 on AS progression and stated the importance of reevaluating the impact of food additives on the development of chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqiang Zhu
- National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Lijun Zhao
- National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Yiqian Wang
- National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Xiuwen Hu
- National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Yanhong Zhu
- National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China.
| | - Xiangliang Yang
- National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China.
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16
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Rodríguez-Ibarra C, Medina-Reyes EI, Déciga-Alcaraz A, Delgado-Buenrostro NL, Quezada-Maldonado EM, Ispanixtlahuatl-Meráz O, Ganem-Rondero A, Flores-Flores JO, Vázquez-Zapién GJ, Mata-Miranda MM, López-Marure R, Pedraza-Chaverri J, García-Cuéllar CM, Sánchez-Pérez Y, Chirino YI. Food grade titanium dioxide accumulation leads to cellular alterations in colon cells after removal of a 24-hour exposure. Toxicology 2022; 478:153280. [PMID: 35973603 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2022.153280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/30/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Titanium dioxide food grade (E171) is one of the most used food additives containing nanoparticles. Recently, the European Food Safety Authority indicated that E171 could no longer be considered safe as a food additive due to the possibility of it being genotoxic and there is evidence that E171 administration exacerbates colon tumor formation in murine models. However, less is known about the effects of E171 accumulation once the exposure stopped, then we hypothesized that toxic effects could be detected even after E171 removal. Therefore, we investigated the effects of E171 exposure after being removed from colon cell cultures. Human colon cancer cell line (HCT116) was exposed to 0, 1, 10 and 50 μg/cm2 of E171. Our results showed that in the absence of cytotoxicity, E171 was accumulated in the cells after 24 of exposure, increasing granularity and reactive oxygen species, inducing alterations in the molecular pattern of nucleic acids and lipids, and causing nuclei enlargement, DNA damage and tubulin depolymerization. After the removal of E171, colon cells were cultured for 48 h more hours to analyze the ability to restore the previously detected alterations. As we hypothesized, the removal of E171 was unable to revert the alterations found after 24 h of exposure in colon cells. In conclusion, exposure to E171 causes alterations that cannot be reverted after 48 h if E171 is removed from colon cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Rodríguez-Ibarra
- Laboratorio de Carcinogénesis y Toxicología, Unidad de Biomedicina, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. de los Barrios No. 1, Los Reyes Iztacala, Tlalnepantla de Baz CP 54090, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Estefany I Medina-Reyes
- Laboratorio de Carcinogénesis y Toxicología, Unidad de Biomedicina, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. de los Barrios No. 1, Los Reyes Iztacala, Tlalnepantla de Baz CP 54090, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Alejandro Déciga-Alcaraz
- Atmospheric Organic Aerosol Chemical Speciation Group, Instituto de Ciencias de la Atmósfera y Cambio Climático, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, AP 70228, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico
| | - Norma Laura Delgado-Buenrostro
- Laboratorio de Carcinogénesis y Toxicología, Unidad de Biomedicina, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. de los Barrios No. 1, Los Reyes Iztacala, Tlalnepantla de Baz CP 54090, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Ericka Marel Quezada-Maldonado
- Subdirección de Investigación Básica, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, San Fernando No. 22, CP 14080 Ciudad de México, Tlalpan, Mexico
| | - Octavio Ispanixtlahuatl-Meráz
- Laboratorio de Carcinogénesis y Toxicología, Unidad de Biomedicina, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. de los Barrios No. 1, Los Reyes Iztacala, Tlalnepantla de Baz CP 54090, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Adriana Ganem-Rondero
- División de Estudios de Posgrado (Tecnología Farmacéutica), Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. 1° de Mayo s/n, Cuautitlán Izcalli CP 54740, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - José Ocotlán Flores-Flores
- Instituto de Ciencias Aplicadas y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior S/N, Ciudad Universitaria, CP 04510 Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Gustavo J Vázquez-Zapién
- Laboratorio de Embriología, Escuela Militar de Medicina, Centro Militar de Ciencias de la Salud, Secretaría de la Defensa Nacional, Cerrada de Palomas S/N, Lomas de San Isidro, Alcaldía Miguel Hidalgo, CP 11200 Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Mónica M Mata-Miranda
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular y Tisular, Escuela Militar de Medicina, Centro Militar de Ciencias de la Salud, Secretaría de la Defensa Nacional, Cerrada de Palomas S/N, Lomas de San Isidro, Alcaldía Miguel Hidalgo, CP 11200 Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Rebeca López-Marure
- Departamento de Fisiología, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología "Ignacio Chávez", Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - José Pedraza-Chaverri
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, CP 04510 Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Claudia M García-Cuéllar
- Subdirección de Investigación Básica, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, San Fernando No. 22, CP 14080 Ciudad de México, Tlalpan, Mexico
| | - Yesennia Sánchez-Pérez
- Subdirección de Investigación Básica, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, San Fernando No. 22, CP 14080 Ciudad de México, Tlalpan, Mexico
| | - Yolanda I Chirino
- Laboratorio de Carcinogénesis y Toxicología, Unidad de Biomedicina, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. de los Barrios No. 1, Los Reyes Iztacala, Tlalnepantla de Baz CP 54090, Estado de México, Mexico.
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17
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Cornu R, Béduneau A, Martin H. Ingestion of titanium dioxide nanoparticles: a definite health risk for consumers and their progeny. Arch Toxicol 2022; 96:2655-2686. [PMID: 35895099 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-022-03334-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Titanium dioxide (TiO2) is one of the most commonly used nanomaterials in the world. Additive E171, which is used in the food industry, contains a nanometric particle fraction of TiO2. Oral exposure of humans to these nanoparticles (NPs) is intensive, leading to the question of their impact on health. Daily oral intake by rats of amounts of E171 that are relevant to human intake has been associated with an increased risk of chronic intestinal inflammation and carcinogenesis. Due to their food preferences, children are very exposed to this NP. Furthermore, maternal-foetal transfer of TiO2 NPs during pregnancy, as well as exposure of the offspring by breastfeeding, have been recently described. In France, the use of E171 in the production of foodstuffs was suspended in January 2020 as a precautionary measure. To provide some answers to this public health problem and help global regulatory agencies finalize their decisions, we reviewed in vitro and in vivo studies that address the effects of TiO2 NPs through oral exposure, especially their effects on the gastrointestinal tract, one of the most exposed tissues. Our review also highlights the effects of exposure on the offspring during pregnancy and by breastfeeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphaël Cornu
- PEPITE EA4267, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-25000, Besançon, France
| | - Arnaud Béduneau
- PEPITE EA4267, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-25000, Besançon, France
| | - Hélène Martin
- PEPITE EA4267, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-25000, Besançon, France.
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18
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Baranowska-Wójcik E, Szwajgier D, Winiarska-Mieczan A. A review of research on the impact of E171/TiO 2 NPs on the digestive tract. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2022; 72:126988. [PMID: 35561571 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2022.126988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Nanotechnology utilises particles of between 1 and 100 nm in size. In recent years, it has enjoyed widespread application in a variety of areas. However, this has also raised increasing concerns regarding the effects that the use of nanoparticles may have on human health. The nanoparticles of titanium dioxide (TiO2 NPs) are among the most promising nanomaterials and have already found wide use in cosmetics, medicine and, the food industry. A nano-sized (diameter < 100 nm) fraction of TiO2 is present, at a certain percentage, in the E171 ( in the EU) pigment commonly used as an additive in food, whose presence raises particular concerns in terms of its potential negative health impact. The consumption of E171 food additive is increasingly associated with disorders of the intestinal barrier, including intestinal dysbiosis. It may disrupt the normal functions of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) including: enzymatic digestion of primary nutrients (lipids, proteins, or carbohydrates). The aim of this review is to provide a comprehensive and reliable overview of studies conducted in recent years in terms of the substance's potentially negative impact on human and animal alimentary systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Baranowska-Wójcik
- Department of Biotechnology, Microbiology and Human Nutrition, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Skromna 8, Lublin 20-704, Poland.
| | - Dominik Szwajgier
- Department of Biotechnology, Microbiology and Human Nutrition, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Skromna 8, Lublin 20-704, Poland
| | - Anna Winiarska-Mieczan
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Bromatology, Department of Bromatology and Food Physiology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 13, Lublin 20-950, Poland
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19
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Putra C, Bello D, Tucker KL, Kelleher SL, Mangano KM. Estimation of Titanium Dioxide Intake by Diet and Stool Assessment among US Healthy Adults. J Nutr 2022; 152:1525-1537. [PMID: 35266002 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxac061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Titanium dioxide (TiO2/E171) is used in foods primarily as a whitening agent. Little is known regarding TiO2 exposure in the United States. OBJECTIVES To quantify stool TiO2 content among US adults and evaluate its association with estimated intake. METHODS Adults participated in phase 1 [three 24-h dietary recalls (DRs) and stool TiO2 measured from 3 matched samples (n = 52)] and/or phase 2 [tailored FFQ and stool TiO2 measured from 3 samples over 3 mo (n = 61)]. TiO2 in foods was estimated from a database, and concentration in 49 additional foods and 339 stool samples were quantified using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Associations between dietary and stool TiO2 were assessed by log-linear multivariable regression. USDA food groups (n = 49, servings/d) were related to stool TiO2 by stepwise regression. RESULTS TiO2 food content varied by brand. Mean TiO2 intake from three 24-h DRs [0.19 ± 0.31 mg/(kg body weight · d)] was lower than from the FFQ [0.30 ± 0.21 mg/(kg body weight · d)]. Dietary TiO2 was not predictive of stool TiO2, in phase 1 or phase 2, 10^(β) per 10 times higher dietary TiO2: 1.138 [10^(95% CI): 0.635, 2.037, P = 0.66] and 0.628 [10^(95% CI): 0.206, 1.910, P = 0.41], respectively. Food groups related to stool TiO2 were 1) milk desserts, sauces, and gravies [10^(β) per servings/d: 3.361; 10^(95% CI): 0.312, 36.163; P = 0.002] and 2) yeast breads [10^(β): 1.430; 10^(95% CI): 0.709, 2.884; P = 0.002] in phase 1 and 1) cream and cream substitutes [10^(β) = 10.925; 10^(95% CI): 1.952, 61.137; P = 0.01] and 2) milk and milk drinks [10^(β) = 0.306; 10^(95% CI): 0.086, 1.092, P = 0.07] in phase 2. CONCLUSIONS Intake of certain foods was associated with higher stool TiO2 content. There is a need for valid estimation of TiO2 intakes via the improvement of a dietary assessment method and a TiO2 food composition database. Future research should assess whether high stool TiO2 content is related to adverse health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christianto Putra
- Department of Biomedical and Nutritional Sciences, Center for Population Health, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA, USA
| | - Dhimiter Bello
- Department of Biomedical and Nutritional Sciences, Center for Population Health, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA, USA
| | - Katherine L Tucker
- Department of Biomedical and Nutritional Sciences, Center for Population Health, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA, USA
| | - Shannon L Kelleher
- Department of Biomedical and Nutritional Sciences, Center for Population Health, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA, USA
| | - Kelsey M Mangano
- Department of Biomedical and Nutritional Sciences, Center for Population Health, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA, USA
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20
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Zhou Y, Elchalakani M, Liu H, Briseghella B, Sun C. Photocatalytic concrete for degrading organic dyes in water. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:39027-39040. [PMID: 35098464 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-18332-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Since the advent of photocatalytic degradation technology, it has brought new vitality to the environmental governance and the response to the energy crisis. Photocatalysts harvest optical energy to drive chemical reactions, which means people can use solar energy to complete some resource-consuming activities by photocatalysts, such as environmental governance. In recent years, researchers have tried to combine photocatalyst TiO2 with building materials to purify urban air and obtained good results. One of the important functions of photocatalysts is to degrade organic pollutants in water through light energy, but this technology has not been reported in the practical application areas. To extend this technology to practical application areas, photocatalytic concrete for degrading pollutants in waters was proposed and demonstrated for the first time in this paper. The photocatalytic concrete proposed based on the K-g-C3N4 shows a strong ability to degrade the organic dyes. According to the experiment results, the angle of light source plays an important role in the process of photocatalytic degradation, while waters with pH value of 6.5-8.5 hardly influenced the degradation of organic dyes. When the angle of light source is advantageous for photocatalytic concrete to absorb more visible light, more organic dyes will be degraded by photocatalytic concrete. The degradation rate of methylene blue could reach about 80% in ½ hour under desirable conditions and is satisfied compared with that of reported works. This study implicates that photocatalytic concrete can effectively degrade organic dyes in water. The influences of changes in the water environment hardly affect the degradation of organic pollutants, which means photocatalytic concrete can be widely used in green infrastructures to achieve urban sewage treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Zhou
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clean Production of Fine Chemicals, Institute of Materials and Clean Energy, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, People's Republic of China
- School of Engineering, Department of Civil, Environmental and Mining Engineering, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Hwy, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Mohamed Elchalakani
- School of Engineering, Department of Civil, Environmental and Mining Engineering, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Hwy, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Houfeng Liu
- College of Population, Resources and Environment, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Bruno Briseghella
- College of Civil Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, China
| | - Chuanzhi Sun
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clean Production of Fine Chemicals, Institute of Materials and Clean Energy, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, People's Republic of China.
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21
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Yan J, Chen Q, Tian L, Li K, Lai W, Bian L, Han J, Jia R, Liu X, Xi Z. Intestinal toxicity of micro- and nano-particles of foodborne titanium dioxide in juvenile mice: Disorders of gut microbiota-host co-metabolites and intestinal barrier damage. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 821:153279. [PMID: 35074372 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2021] [Revised: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2022] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The wide use of TiO2 particles in food and the high exposure risk to children have prompted research into the health risks of TiO2. We used the microbiome and targeted metabolomics to explore the potential mechanism of intestinal toxicity of foodborne TiO2 micro-/nanoparticles after oral exposure for 28 days in juvenile mice. Results showed that the gut microbiota-including the abundance of Bacteroides, Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, and Prevotella-changed dynamically during exposure. The organic inflammatory response was activated, and lipopolysaccharide levels increased. Intestinal toxicity manifested as increased mucosal permeability, impaired intestinal barrier, immune damage, and pathological changes. The expression of antimicrobial peptides, occludin, and ZO-1 significantly reduced, while that of JNK2 and Src/pSrc increased. Compared with micro-TiO2 particles, the nano-TiO2 particles had strong toxicity. Fecal microbiota transplant confirmed the key role of gut microbiota in intestinal toxicity. The levels of gut microbiota-host co-metabolites, including pyroglutamic acid, L-glutamic acid, phenylacetic acid, and 3-hydroxyphenylacetic acid, changed significantly. Significant changes were observed in the glutathione and propanoate metabolic pathways. There was a significant correlation between the changes in gut microbiota, metabolites, and intestinal cytokine levels. These, together with the intestinal barrier damage signaling pathway, constitute the network mechanism of the intestinal toxicity of TiO2 particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Yan
- Tianjin Institute of Environmental & Operational Medicine, No. 1, Dali Road, Heping District, Tianjin 300050, China
| | - Qi Chen
- Tianjin Institute of Environmental & Operational Medicine, No. 1, Dali Road, Heping District, Tianjin 300050, China
| | - Lei Tian
- Tianjin Institute of Environmental & Operational Medicine, No. 1, Dali Road, Heping District, Tianjin 300050, China
| | - Kang Li
- Tianjin Institute of Environmental & Operational Medicine, No. 1, Dali Road, Heping District, Tianjin 300050, China
| | - Wenqing Lai
- Tianjin Institute of Environmental & Operational Medicine, No. 1, Dali Road, Heping District, Tianjin 300050, China
| | - Liping Bian
- Tianjin Institute of Environmental & Operational Medicine, No. 1, Dali Road, Heping District, Tianjin 300050, China
| | - Jie Han
- Tianjin Institute of Environmental & Operational Medicine, No. 1, Dali Road, Heping District, Tianjin 300050, China
| | - Rui Jia
- Tianjin Institute of Environmental & Operational Medicine, No. 1, Dali Road, Heping District, Tianjin 300050, China
| | - Xiaohua Liu
- Tianjin Institute of Environmental & Operational Medicine, No. 1, Dali Road, Heping District, Tianjin 300050, China.
| | - Zhuge Xi
- Tianjin Institute of Environmental & Operational Medicine, No. 1, Dali Road, Heping District, Tianjin 300050, China.
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22
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Chemically Induced Colitis-Associated Cancer Models in Rodents for Pharmacological Modulation: A Systematic Review. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11102739. [PMID: 35628865 PMCID: PMC9146029 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11102739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Animal models for colitis-associated colorectal cancer (CACC) represent an important tool to explore the mechanistic basis of cancer-related inflammation, providing important evidence that several inflammatory mediators play specific roles in the initiation and perpetuation of colitis and CACC. Although several original articles have been published describing the CACC model in rodents, there is no consensus about the induction method. This review aims to identify, summarize, compare, and discuss the chemical methods for the induction of CACC through the PRISMA methodology. METHODS We searched MEDLINE via the Pubmed platform for studies published through March 2021, using a highly sensitive search expression. The inclusion criteria were only original articles, articles where a chemically-induced animal model of CACC is described, preclinical studies in vivo with rodents, and articles published in English. RESULTS Chemically inducible models typically begin with the administration of a carcinogenic compound (as azoxymethane (AOM) or 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH)), and inflammation is caused by repeated cycles of colitis-inducing agents (such as 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS) or dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)). The strains mostly used are C57BL/6 and Balb/c with 5-6 weeks. To characterize the preclinical model, the parameters more used include body weight, stool consistency and morbidity, inflammatory biomarkers such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-1β, angiogenesis markers such as proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), marker of proliferation Ki-67, and caspase 3, the presence of ulcers, thickness or hyperemia in the colon, and histological evaluation of inflammation. CONCLUSION The AOM administration seems to be important to the CACC induction method, since the carcinogenic effect is achieved with just one administration. DSS has been the more used inflammatory agent; however, the TNBS contribution should be more studied, since it allows a reliable, robust, and a highly reproducible animal model of intestinal inflammation.
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23
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Racovita AD. Titanium Dioxide: Structure, Impact, and Toxicity. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19095681. [PMID: 35565075 PMCID: PMC9104107 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19095681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Titanium dioxide, first manufactured a century ago, is significant in industry due to its chemical inertness, low cost, and availability. The white mineral has a wide range of applications in photocatalysis, in the pharmaceutical industry, and in food processing sectors. Its practical uses stem from its dual feature to act as both a semiconductor and light scatterer. Optical performance is therefore of relevance in understanding how titanium dioxide impacts these industries. Recent breakthroughs are summarised herein, focusing on whether restructuring the surface properties of titanium dioxide either enhances or inhibits its reactivity, depending on the required application. Its recent exposure as a potential carcinogen to humans has been linked to controversies around titanium dioxide's toxicity; this is discussed by illustrating discrepancies between experimental protocols of toxicity assays and their results. In all, it is important to review the latest achievements in fast-growing industries where titanium dioxide prevails, while keeping in mind insights into its disputed toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anca Diana Racovita
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
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24
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Ngew E, Phue WH, Liu Z, George S. Composite of Layered Double Hydroxide with Casein and Carboxymethylcellulose as a White Pigment for Food Application. Foods 2022; 11:foods11081120. [PMID: 35454707 PMCID: PMC9032268 DOI: 10.3390/foods11081120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Titanium dioxide (TiO2) is commonly used in food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries as a white pigment due to its extraordinary light scattering properties and high refractive index. However, as evidenced from recent reports, there are overriding concerns about the safety of nanoparticles of TiO2. As an alternative to TiO2, Mg-Al layered double hydroxide (LDH) and their composite containing casein and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) were synthesized using wet chemistry and compared with currently used materials (food grade TiO2 (E171), rice starch, and silicon dioxide (E551)) for its potential application as a white pigment. These particles were characterized for their size and shape (Transmission Electron Microscopy), crystallographic structure (X-Ray Diffraction), agglomeration behavior and surface charge (Dynamic Light Scattering), surface chemistry (Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy), transmittance (UV–VIS spectroscopy), masking power, and cytotoxicity. Our results showed the formation of typical layered double hydroxide with flower-like morphology which was restructured into pseudo-spheres after casein intercalation. Transmittance measurement showed that LDH composites had better performance than pristine LDH, and the aqueous suspension was heat and pH resistant. While its masking power was not on a par with E171, the composite of LDH was superior to current alternatives such as rice starch and E551. Sustainability score obtained by MATLAB® based comparison for price, safety, and performance showed that LDH composite was better than any of the compared materials, highlighting its potential as a white pigment for applications in food.
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25
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Bischoff NS, Proquin H, Jetten MJ, Schrooders Y, Jonkhout MCM, Briedé JJ, van Breda SG, Jennen DGJ, Medina-Reyes EI, Delgado-Buenrostro NL, Chirino YI, van Loveren H, de Kok TM. The Effects of the Food Additive Titanium Dioxide (E171) on Tumor Formation and Gene Expression in the Colon of a Transgenic Mouse Model for Colorectal Cancer. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:1256. [PMID: 35457963 PMCID: PMC9027218 DOI: 10.3390/nano12081256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Titanium dioxide (TiO2) is present in many different food products as the food additive E171, which is currently scrutinized due to its potential adverse effects, including the stimulation of tumor formation in the gastrointestinal tract. We developed a transgenic mouse model to examine the effects of E171 on colorectal cancer (CRC), using the Cre-LoxP system to create an Apc-gene-knockout model which spontaneously develops colorectal tumors. A pilot study showed that E171 exposed mice developed colorectal adenocarcinomas, which were accompanied by enhanced hyperplasia in epithelial cells, lymphatic nodules at the base of the polyps, and increased tumor size. In the main study, tumor formation was studied following the exposure to 5 mg/kgbw/day of E171 for 9 weeks (Phase I). E171 exposure showed a statistically nonsignificant increase in the number of colorectal tumors in these transgenic mice, as well as a statistically nonsignificant increase in the average number of mice with tumors. Gene expression changes in the colon were analyzed after exposure to 1, 2, and 5 mg/kgbw/day of E171 for 2, 7, 14, and 21 days (Phase II). Whole-genome mRNA analysis revealed the modulation of genes in pathways involved in the regulation of gene expression, cell cycle, post-translational modification, nuclear receptor signaling, and circadian rhythm. The processes associated with these genes might be involved in the enhanced tumor formation and suggest that E171 may contribute to tumor formation and progression by modulation of events related to inflammation, activation of immune responses, cell cycle, and cancer signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolaj S. Bischoff
- Department of Toxicogenomics, GROW School for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University Medical Center, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands; (H.P.); (M.J.J.); (Y.S.); (M.C.M.J.); (J.J.B.); (S.G.v.B.); (D.G.J.J.); (H.v.L.); (T.M.d.K.)
| | - Héloïse Proquin
- Department of Toxicogenomics, GROW School for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University Medical Center, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands; (H.P.); (M.J.J.); (Y.S.); (M.C.M.J.); (J.J.B.); (S.G.v.B.); (D.G.J.J.); (H.v.L.); (T.M.d.K.)
- National Institute for Public Health and Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, 3721 MA De Bilt, The Netherlands
| | - Marlon J. Jetten
- Department of Toxicogenomics, GROW School for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University Medical Center, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands; (H.P.); (M.J.J.); (Y.S.); (M.C.M.J.); (J.J.B.); (S.G.v.B.); (D.G.J.J.); (H.v.L.); (T.M.d.K.)
- Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Science, Maastricht University Medical Center, 6229 ES Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Yannick Schrooders
- Department of Toxicogenomics, GROW School for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University Medical Center, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands; (H.P.); (M.J.J.); (Y.S.); (M.C.M.J.); (J.J.B.); (S.G.v.B.); (D.G.J.J.); (H.v.L.); (T.M.d.K.)
- Laboratory of Biosignaling & Therapeutics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Marloes C. M. Jonkhout
- Department of Toxicogenomics, GROW School for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University Medical Center, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands; (H.P.); (M.J.J.); (Y.S.); (M.C.M.J.); (J.J.B.); (S.G.v.B.); (D.G.J.J.); (H.v.L.); (T.M.d.K.)
- Laboratory of Biosignaling & Therapeutics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jacco J. Briedé
- Department of Toxicogenomics, GROW School for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University Medical Center, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands; (H.P.); (M.J.J.); (Y.S.); (M.C.M.J.); (J.J.B.); (S.G.v.B.); (D.G.J.J.); (H.v.L.); (T.M.d.K.)
| | - Simone G. van Breda
- Department of Toxicogenomics, GROW School for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University Medical Center, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands; (H.P.); (M.J.J.); (Y.S.); (M.C.M.J.); (J.J.B.); (S.G.v.B.); (D.G.J.J.); (H.v.L.); (T.M.d.K.)
| | - Danyel G. J. Jennen
- Department of Toxicogenomics, GROW School for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University Medical Center, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands; (H.P.); (M.J.J.); (Y.S.); (M.C.M.J.); (J.J.B.); (S.G.v.B.); (D.G.J.J.); (H.v.L.); (T.M.d.K.)
| | - Estefany I. Medina-Reyes
- Laboratorio de Carcinogénesis y Toxicología, Unidad de Biomedicina, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 54090, Mexico; (E.I.M.-R.); (N.L.D.-B.); (Y.I.C.)
| | - Norma L. Delgado-Buenrostro
- Laboratorio de Carcinogénesis y Toxicología, Unidad de Biomedicina, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 54090, Mexico; (E.I.M.-R.); (N.L.D.-B.); (Y.I.C.)
| | - Yolanda I. Chirino
- Laboratorio de Carcinogénesis y Toxicología, Unidad de Biomedicina, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 54090, Mexico; (E.I.M.-R.); (N.L.D.-B.); (Y.I.C.)
| | - Henk van Loveren
- Department of Toxicogenomics, GROW School for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University Medical Center, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands; (H.P.); (M.J.J.); (Y.S.); (M.C.M.J.); (J.J.B.); (S.G.v.B.); (D.G.J.J.); (H.v.L.); (T.M.d.K.)
| | - Theo M. de Kok
- Department of Toxicogenomics, GROW School for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University Medical Center, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands; (H.P.); (M.J.J.); (Y.S.); (M.C.M.J.); (J.J.B.); (S.G.v.B.); (D.G.J.J.); (H.v.L.); (T.M.d.K.)
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Schwarzfischer M, Rogler G. The Intestinal Barrier-Shielding the Body from Nano- and Microparticles in Our Diet. Metabolites 2022; 12:223. [PMID: 35323666 PMCID: PMC8952728 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12030223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Nano- and microparticles are an implicit part of the human diet. They are unknowingly ingested with our food that contains them as additives or pollutants. However, their impact on human health is not yet understood and controversially discussed. The intestinal epithelial barrier shields our body against exogenous influences, such as commensal bacteria, pathogens, and body-foreign particles and, therefore, protects our body integrity. Breakdown of the intestinal epithelial barrier and aberrant immune responses are key events in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Epithelial lesions might enable systemic translocation of nano- and microparticles into the system, eventually triggering an excessive immune response. Thus, IBD patients could be particularly vulnerable to adverse health effects caused by the ingestion of synthetic particles with food. The food-additive titanium dioxide (TiO2) serves as a coloring agent in food products and is omnipresent in the Western diet. TiO2 nanoparticles exacerbate intestinal inflammation by activation of innate and adaptive immune response. Because of serious safety concerns, the use of TiO2 as a food additive was recently banned from food production within the European Union. Due to environmental pollution, plastic has entered the human food chain, and plastic microparticles have been evidenced in the drinking water and comestible goods. The impact of plastic ingestion and its resulting consequences on human health is currently the subject of intense research. Focusing on TiO2 and plastic particles in the human diet and their impact on epithelial integrity, gut homeostasis, and intestinal inflammation, this review is addressing contemporary hot topics which are currently attracting a lot of public attention.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gerhard Rogler
- Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland;
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Nan F, Zhu YF, Wei HX, Lin Y, Fan B, Zhou L. Flexible composite film with artificial opal photonic crystals for efficient all-day passive radiative cooling. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:6003-6015. [PMID: 35209548 DOI: 10.1364/oe.448714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
All-day passive radiative cooling has recently attracted broader attention for its potential as a viable energy technology. Although tremendous progress has been achieved, the design and fabrication of low-cost high-efficiency radiators for all-day passive radiative cooling remains a challenge. Herein, we report a new type of flexible composite radiator film with built-in artificial opal-like structures for all-day passive radiative cooling. Using artificial opal structure concepts, the proposed polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) radiator film with embedded polystyrene (PS) microsphere photonic crystals exhibits a sufficiently high solar reflectance of ∼92.7% when in a direct sunlight region, and a thermal emittance of ∼93.6% within the atmospheric window. Without the need for traditional reflectors like silver or aluminum foils, this composite film realizes subambient temperature reduction of ∼4.8 °C in direct sunlight and ∼8.5 °C during the night. This work provides a new fabrication approach for the low-cost production of structural polymer films for high performance and potential real word applications.
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Matsuda H, Nibe-Shirakihara Y, Tamura A, Aonuma E, Arakawa S, Otsubo K, Nemoto Y, Nagaishi T, Tsuchiya K, Shimizu S, Ma A, Watanabe M, Uo M, Okamoto R, Oshima S. Nickel particles are present in Crohn's disease tissue and exacerbate intestinal inflammation in IBD susceptible mice. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 592:74-80. [PMID: 35032835 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.12.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Crohn's disease is an inflammatory disease of the gut caused by a complex interplay among genetic, microbial, and environmental factors. The intestinal tract is constantly exposed to metals and other trace elements ingested as food. Synchrotron radiation-induced X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy and X-ray absorption fine structure analysis revealed the deposition of nickel particles within Crohn's disease tissue specimens. After nickel particle stimulation, THP-1 cells showed filopodia formation and autophagic vacuoles containing lipid bodies. Nickel particles precipitated colitis in mice bearing mutations of the IBD susceptibility protein A20/TNFAIP3. Nickel particles also exacerbated dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis in mice harboring myeloid cell-specific Atg5 deficiency. These findings illustrate that nickel particle ingestion may worsen Crohn's disease by perturbing autophagic processes in the intestine, providing new insights into environmental factors in Crohn's disease pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Matsuda
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoichi Nibe-Shirakihara
- Department of Pathological Cell Biology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Japan
| | - Akiko Tamura
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Emi Aonuma
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoko Arakawa
- Department of Pathological Cell Biology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Japan
| | - Kana Otsubo
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Nemoto
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Nagaishi
- Department of Advanced Therapeutics for G.I. Diseases, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kiichiro Tsuchiya
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Shigeomi Shimizu
- Department of Pathological Cell Biology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Japan
| | - Averil Ma
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Mamoru Watanabe
- Advanced Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Motohiro Uo
- Department of Advanced Biomaterials, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryuichi Okamoto
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shigeru Oshima
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.
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Medina‐Reyes EI, Rodríguez‐Ibarra C, Díaz‐Urbina D, Déciga‐Alcaraz A, Delgado‐Buenrostro NL, Chirino YI, Pedraza‐Chaverri J. Food‐grade titanium dioxide decreases hematocrit and hemoglobin and increases compulsive‐like behavior in male mice. J Appl Toxicol 2022; 42:1411-1419. [DOI: 10.1002/jat.4296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Estefany I. Medina‐Reyes
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán CP Ciudad de México México
| | - Carolina Rodríguez‐Ibarra
- Laboratorio de Carcinogénesis y Toxicología, Unidad de Biomedicina, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Tlalnepantla de Baz Estado de México México
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Biomédicas, UNAM
| | - Daniel Díaz‐Urbina
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología de la Alimentación. Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Tlalnepantla de Baz Estado de México México
| | - Alejandro Déciga‐Alcaraz
- Laboratorio de Carcinogénesis y Toxicología, Unidad de Biomedicina, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Tlalnepantla de Baz Estado de México México
- Programa de Cátedras del Consejo Mexiquense de Ciencia y Tecnología (COMECyT) Estado de México
| | - Normal L. Delgado‐Buenrostro
- Laboratorio de Carcinogénesis y Toxicología, Unidad de Biomedicina, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Tlalnepantla de Baz Estado de México México
| | - Yolanda I. Chirino
- Laboratorio de Carcinogénesis y Toxicología, Unidad de Biomedicina, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Tlalnepantla de Baz Estado de México México
| | - José Pedraza‐Chaverri
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán CP Ciudad de México México
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Vieira A, Vital N, Rolo D, Roque R, Gonçalves LM, Bettencourt A, Silva MJ, Louro H. Investigation of the genotoxicity of digested titanium dioxide nanomaterials in human intestinal cells. Food Chem Toxicol 2022; 161:112841. [PMID: 35093430 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2022.112841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The widespread use of titanium dioxide nanomaterials (TiO2 NMs) in food and consumer products such as toothpaste or food contact materials, suggests the relevance of human oral exposure to these nanomaterials (NMs) and raises the possibility of adverse effects in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT). We previously showed that the in vitro digestion of TiO2 NMs may increase their toxicity in intestinal cells. In this work, we analyzed the genotoxicity and the intracellular reactive oxygen species induction by physiologically relevant concentrations of three different TiO2 NMs (NM-102, NM-103 and NM-105) in Caco-2 and HT29-MTX-E12 intestinal cells, while considering the potential influence of the digestion process in the NMs' physiochemical characteristics. The results evidenced a DNA-damaging effect dependent on the NM, more relevant for the rutile/anatase NM-105, possibly due to its lower hydrodynamic size in the cells medium. In addition, the results of the micronucleus assay suggest effects on chromosomal integrity, an indicator of cancer risk, in the HT29-MTX-E12 cells, for all the tested TiO2 NMs, especially after the in vitro digestion. This work supports the evidence for concerns on the use of TiO2 NMs as a food additive, recently reported by EFSA, and for their use in applications in consumer products that may drive human exposure through ingestion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Vieira
- Department of Human Genetics, National Institute of Health Dr. Ricardo Jorge (INSA), Avenida Padre Cruz, 1649-016, Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Nádia Vital
- Department of Human Genetics, National Institute of Health Dr. Ricardo Jorge (INSA), Avenida Padre Cruz, 1649-016, Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Dora Rolo
- Department of Human Genetics, National Institute of Health Dr. Ricardo Jorge (INSA), Avenida Padre Cruz, 1649-016, Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Rossana Roque
- Department of Human Genetics, National Institute of Health Dr. Ricardo Jorge (INSA), Avenida Padre Cruz, 1649-016, Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Lídia M Gonçalves
- Research Institute for Medicine (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003, Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - Ana Bettencourt
- Research Institute for Medicine (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Maria João Silva
- Department of Human Genetics, National Institute of Health Dr. Ricardo Jorge (INSA), Avenida Padre Cruz, 1649-016, Lisboa, Portugal; ToxOmics-Centre for Toxicogenomics and Human Health, NOVA Medical School, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campo dos Mártires da Pátria, 130, 1169-056, Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Henriqueta Louro
- Department of Human Genetics, National Institute of Health Dr. Ricardo Jorge (INSA), Avenida Padre Cruz, 1649-016, Lisboa, Portugal; ToxOmics-Centre for Toxicogenomics and Human Health, NOVA Medical School, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campo dos Mártires da Pátria, 130, 1169-056, Lisboa, Portugal.
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Vieira A, Gramacho A, Rolo D, Vital N, Silva MJ, Louro H. Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Toxicity of Ingested Titanium Dioxide Nanomaterials. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1357:225-257. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-88071-2_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
AbstractAn exponential increase in products containing titanium dioxide nanomaterials (TiO2), in agriculture, food and feed industry, lead to increased oral exposure to these nanomaterials (NMs). Thus, the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) emerges as a possible route of exposure that may drive systemic exposure, if the intestinal barrier is surpassed. NMs have been suggested to produce adverse outcomes, such as genotoxic effects, that are associated with increased risk of cancer, leading to a concern for public health. However, to date, the differences in the physicochemical characteristics of the NMs studied and other variables in the test systems have generated contradictory results in the literature. Processes like human digestion may change the NMs characteristics, inducing unexpected toxic effects in the intestine. Using TiO2 as case-study, this chapter provides a review of the works addressing the interactions of NMs with biological systems in the context of intestinal tract and digestion processes, at cellular and molecular level. The knowledge gaps identified suggest that the incorporation of a simulated digestion process for in vitro studies has the potential to improve the model for elucidating key events elicited by these NMs, advancing the nanosafety studies towards the development of an adverse outcome pathway for intestinal effects.
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Di Cristo L, Oomen AG, Dekkers S, Moore C, Rocchia W, Murphy F, Johnston HJ, Janer G, Haase A, Stone V, Sabella S. Grouping Hypotheses and an Integrated Approach to Testing and Assessment of Nanomaterials Following Oral Ingestion. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:2623. [PMID: 34685072 PMCID: PMC8541163 DOI: 10.3390/nano11102623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The risk assessment of ingested nanomaterials (NMs) is an important issue. Here we present nine integrated approaches to testing and assessment (IATAs) to group ingested NMs following predefined hypotheses. The IATAs are structured as decision trees and tiered testing strategies for each decision node to support a grouping decision. Implications (e.g., regulatory or precautionary) per group are indicated. IATAs integrate information on durability and biopersistence (dissolution kinetics) to specific hazard endpoints, e.g., inflammation and genotoxicity, which are possibly indicative of toxicity. Based on IATAs, groups of similar nanoforms (NFs) of a NM can be formed, such as very slow dissolving, highly biopersistent and systemically toxic NFs. Reference NMs (ZnO, SiO2 and TiO2) along with related NFs are applied as case studies to testing the oral IATAs. Results based on the Tier 1 level suggest a hierarchy of biodurability and biopersistence of TiO2 > SiO2 > ZnO, and are confirmed by in vivo data (Tier 3 level). Interestingly, our analysis suggests that TiO2 and SiO2 NFs are able to induce both local and systemic toxicity along with microbiota dysbiosis and can be grouped according to the tested fate and hazard descriptors. This supports that the decision nodes of the oral IATAs are suitable for classification and assessment of the toxicity of NFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisana Di Cristo
- Nanoregulatory Platform, Drug Discovery and Development Department, Istituto Italiano Di Tecnologia, 16163 Genova, Italy; (L.D.C.); (C.M.)
| | - Agnes G. Oomen
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), 3720 Bilthoven, The Netherlands; (A.G.O.); (S.D.)
| | - Susan Dekkers
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), 3720 Bilthoven, The Netherlands; (A.G.O.); (S.D.)
| | - Colin Moore
- Nanoregulatory Platform, Drug Discovery and Development Department, Istituto Italiano Di Tecnologia, 16163 Genova, Italy; (L.D.C.); (C.M.)
| | - Walter Rocchia
- Computational Modelling of Nanoscale and Biophysical Systems—CONCEPT Lab, Istituto Italiano Di Tecnologia, 16163 Genova, Italy;
| | - Fiona Murphy
- Nano Safety Research Group, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, UK; (F.M.); (H.J.J.); (V.S.)
| | - Helinor J. Johnston
- Nano Safety Research Group, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, UK; (F.M.); (H.J.J.); (V.S.)
| | - Gemma Janer
- LEITAT Technological Center, 08005 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Andrea Haase
- Department of Chemical and Product Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), 10589 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Vicki Stone
- Nano Safety Research Group, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, UK; (F.M.); (H.J.J.); (V.S.)
| | - Stefania Sabella
- Nanoregulatory Platform, Drug Discovery and Development Department, Istituto Italiano Di Tecnologia, 16163 Genova, Italy; (L.D.C.); (C.M.)
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Barreau F, Tisseyre C, Ménard S, Ferrand A, Carriere M. Titanium dioxide particles from the diet: involvement in the genesis of inflammatory bowel diseases and colorectal cancer. Part Fibre Toxicol 2021; 18:26. [PMID: 34330311 PMCID: PMC8323234 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-021-00421-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The gastrointestinal tract is a complex interface between the external environment and the immune system. Its ability to control uptake across the mucosa and to protect the body from damage of harmful substances from the lumen is defined as the intestinal barrier function (IBF). The IBF involves four elements: the intestinal microbiota, the mucus layer, the epithelium and the immune system. Its dysfunction is linked with human diseases including inflammatory, metabolic, infectious, autoimmune and neurologic disorders. Most of these diseases are complex and involve genetic, psychological and environmental factors. Over the past 10 years, many genetic polymorphisms predisposing to inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) have been identified. Yet, it is now clear that they are insufficient to explain the onset of these chronic diseases. Although it has been evidenced that some environmental factors such as cigarette smoking or carbohydrate intake are associated with IBD, other environmental factors also present potential health risks such as ingestion of food additives introduced in the human diet, including those composed of mineral particles, by altering the four elements of the intestinal barrier function. The aim of this review is to provide a critical opinion on the potential of TiO2 particles, especially when used as a food additive, to alter the four elements of the intestinal barrier function, and consequently to evaluate if this additive would likely play a role in the development and/or exacerbation of IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frédérick Barreau
- INSERM, UMR 1220, Institut de Recherche en Santé Digestive, 31024, Toulouse, France. .,Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France.
| | - Céline Tisseyre
- Univ. Grenoble Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, IRIG-SyMMES, CIBEST, 17 rue des Martyrs, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Sandrine Ménard
- INSERM, UMR 1220, Institut de Recherche en Santé Digestive, 31024, Toulouse, France.,Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Audrey Ferrand
- INSERM, UMR 1220, Institut de Recherche en Santé Digestive, 31024, Toulouse, France.,Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Marie Carriere
- Univ. Grenoble Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, IRIG-SyMMES, CIBEST, 17 rue des Martyrs, 38000, Grenoble, France.
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TiO 2 - do we have to worry about it? One of the important aetiological factors in inflammatory bowel disease. GASTROENTEROLOGY REVIEW 2021; 6:106-110. [PMID: 34276836 PMCID: PMC8275967 DOI: 10.5114/pg.2021.106660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
TiO2 in the food industry, designated as E171, is widely used in the production of chewing gums, sweets, and icing. It is absorbed through food ingestion and the respiratory tract. There are also reports that TiO2 nanoparticles can reach the dermis through damaged epidermis. It demonstrates the ability to accumulate in some internal organs, like spleen, liver, and kidneys, depending on its size and structure. It may have pro-inflammatory, cytotoxic, and genotoxic effects. A change in the composition of the host's intestinal microflora is also observed after exposure to high doses of TiO2. There are some differences in TiO2 intake with food around the world, but most data indicate higher consumption of this additive by children. Due to the small amount of research and the fact that most of the analyses were carried out using animal models, it is necessary to plan future observations of long-term exposure of the TiO2 molecule.
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Lu X, Li J, Lou H, Cao Z, Fan X. Genome-Wide DNA Methylation Alterations and Potential Risk Induced by Subacute and Subchronic Exposure to Food-Grade Nanosilica in Mice. ACS NANO 2021; 15:8225-8243. [PMID: 33938728 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c07323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The intensive application of nanomaterials in the food industry has raised concerns about their potential risks to human health. However, limited data are available on the biological safety of nanomaterials in food, especially at the epigenetic level. This study examined the implications of two types of synthetic amorphous silica (SAS), food-grade precipitated silica (S200) and fumed silica Aerosil 200F (A200F), which are nanorange food additives. After 28-day continuous and intermittent subacute exposure to these SAS via diet, whole-genome methylation levels in mouse peripheral leukocytes and liver were significantly altered in a dose- and SAS type-dependent manner, with minimal toxicity detected by conventional toxicological assessments, especially at a human-relevant dose (HRD). The 84-day continuous subchronic exposure to all doses of S200 and A200F induced liver steatosis where S200 accumulated in the liver even at HRD. Genome-wide DNA methylation sequencing revealed that the differentially methylated regions induced by both SAS were mainly located in the intron, intergenic, and promoter regions after 84-day high-dose continuous exposure. Bioinformatics analysis of differentially methylated genes indicated that exposure to S200 or A200F may lead to lipid metabolism disorders and cancer development. Pathway validation experiments indicated both SAS types as potentially carcinogenic. While S200 inhibited the p53-mediated apoptotic pathway in mouse liver, A200F activated the HRAS-mediated MAPK signaling pathway, which is a key driver of hepatocarcinogenesis. Thus, caution must be paid to the risk of long-term exposure to food-grade SAS, and epigenetic parameters should be included as end points during the risk assessment of food-grade nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Lu
- Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Junying Li
- Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - He Lou
- Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Zeya Cao
- Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xiaohui Fan
- Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Innovation Center in Zhejiang University, State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
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Vian R, Salehi H, Lapierre M, Cuisinier F, Cavaillès V, Balme S. Adsorption of proteins on TiO 2 particles influences their aggregation and cell penetration. Food Chem 2021; 360:130003. [PMID: 33993073 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.130003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
TiO2 nanoparticles known as E171 are one controversial food additive due to its potential toxicity. In this work, the main hypothesis is that the proteins adsorbed on the TiO2 nanoparticles prevent their aggregation and favor the cell penetration. To do so, the TiO2 nanoparticles were coated with gelatin and β-lactoglobulin to reach interfacial concentrations about 0.25 mg/mg and 0.32 mg/mg, respectively. The measurement of NP size showed that the protein coating improve the colloidal stability of TiO2 nanoparticles. The FTIR analysis suggests that the β-lactoglobulin structure is modified after adsorption. The penetration of TiO2 penetration inside human intestinal epithelial cells was shown and quantify by using confocal Raman microscopy. The promoting role of the protein coating on the cell penetration was demonstrated for both the gelatin and β-lactoglobulin. Finally, the results allow establishing a correlation between the ability of proteins to prevent NP aggregation and the cell penetration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romain Vian
- IRCM, Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, INSERM U1194, Université Montpellier, Montpellier F-34298, France
| | | | - Marion Lapierre
- IRCM, Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, INSERM U1194, Université Montpellier, Montpellier F-34298, France
| | | | - Vincent Cavaillès
- IRCM, Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, INSERM U1194, Université Montpellier, Montpellier F-34298, France
| | - Sébastien Balme
- IEM, Institut Européen des Membranes, UMR 5635 Université Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Place Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier cedex 5, France.
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Younes M, Aquilina G, Castle L, Engel K, Fowler P, Frutos Fernandez MJ, Fürst P, Gundert‐Remy U, Gürtler R, Husøy T, Manco M, Mennes W, Moldeus P, Passamonti S, Shah R, Waalkens‐Berendsen I, Wölfle D, Corsini E, Cubadda F, De Groot D, FitzGerald R, Gunnare S, Gutleb AC, Mast J, Mortensen A, Oomen A, Piersma A, Plichta V, Ulbrich B, Van Loveren H, Benford D, Bignami M, Bolognesi C, Crebelli R, Dusinska M, Marcon F, Nielsen E, Schlatter J, Vleminckx C, Barmaz S, Carfí M, Civitella C, Giarola A, Rincon AM, Serafimova R, Smeraldi C, Tarazona J, Tard A, Wright M. Safety assessment of titanium dioxide (E171) as a food additive. EFSA J 2021; 19:e06585. [PMID: 33976718 PMCID: PMC8101360 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2021.6585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The present opinion deals with an updated safety assessment of the food additive titanium dioxide (E 171) based on new relevant scientific evidence considered by the Panel to be reliable, including data obtained with TiO2 nanoparticles (NPs) and data from an extended one-generation reproductive toxicity (EOGRT) study. Less than 50% of constituent particles by number in E 171 have a minimum external dimension < 100 nm. In addition, the Panel noted that constituent particles < 30 nm amounted to less than 1% of particles by number. The Panel therefore considered that studies with TiO2 NPs < 30 nm were of limited relevance to the safety assessment of E 171. The Panel concluded that although gastrointestinal absorption of TiO2 particles is low, they may accumulate in the body. Studies on general and organ toxicity did not indicate adverse effects with either E 171 up to a dose of 1,000 mg/kg body weight (bw) per day or with TiO2 NPs (> 30 nm) up to the highest dose tested of 100 mg/kg bw per day. No effects on reproductive and developmental toxicity were observed up to a dose of 1,000 mg E 171/kg bw per day, the highest dose tested in the EOGRT study. However, observations of potential immunotoxicity and inflammation with E 171 and potential neurotoxicity with TiO2 NPs, together with the potential induction of aberrant crypt foci with E 171, may indicate adverse effects. With respect to genotoxicity, the Panel concluded that TiO2 particles have the potential to induce DNA strand breaks and chromosomal damage, but not gene mutations. No clear correlation was observed between the physico-chemical properties of TiO2 particles and the outcome of either in vitro or in vivo genotoxicity assays. A concern for genotoxicity of TiO2 particles that may be present in E 171 could therefore not be ruled out. Several modes of action for the genotoxicity may operate in parallel and the relative contributions of different molecular mechanisms elicited by TiO2 particles are not known. There was uncertainty as to whether a threshold mode of action could be assumed. In addition, a cut-off value for TiO2 particle size with respect to genotoxicity could not be identified. No appropriately designed study was available to investigate the potential carcinogenic effects of TiO2 NPs. Based on all the evidence available, a concern for genotoxicity could not be ruled out, and given the many uncertainties, the Panel concluded that E 171 can no longer be considered as safe when used as a food additive.
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Kämpfer AAM, Busch M, Büttner V, Bredeck G, Stahlmecke B, Hellack B, Masson I, Sofranko A, Albrecht C, Schins RPF. Model Complexity as Determining Factor for In Vitro Nanosafety Studies: Effects of Silver and Titanium Dioxide Nanomaterials in Intestinal Models. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e2004223. [PMID: 33458953 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202004223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
With the rising interest in the effects of orally ingested engineered nanomaterials (ENMs), much effort is undertaken to develop and advance intestinal in vitro models. The cytotoxic, proinflammatory, and DNA damaging properties of polyvinylpyrrolidone-capped silver (Ag-PVP) and titanium dioxide (TiO2 , P25) ENM in four in vitro models of increasing complexity-from proliferating Caco-2 and HT29-MTX-E12 monocultures to long-term transwell triple cultures including THP-1 macrophages to reproduce the human intestine in healthy versus inflamed-like state-are studied. Results are compared against in vivo effects of the same ENM through intestinal tissue analysis from 28-day oral exposure studies in mice. Adverse responses are only observed in monocultures and suggest toxic potential for both ENM, typically showing stronger effects for Ag-PVP than for TiO2 . By contrast, no adverse effects are observed in either the transwell cultures or the analyzed murine tissues. The data provide further support that monoculture models represent a cost and time efficient tool for early-phase hazard assessment. However, the observed similarities in morphology and ENM effects in murine intestinal tissue and the in vitro triple culture model suggest that advanced multifacetted research questions concerning oral ENM exposure are more adequately addressed by the more complex and time intensive models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela A M Kämpfer
- IUF - Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Auf'm Hennekamp 50, Düsseldorf, 40225, Germany
| | - Mathias Busch
- IUF - Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Auf'm Hennekamp 50, Düsseldorf, 40225, Germany
| | - Veronika Büttner
- IUF - Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Auf'm Hennekamp 50, Düsseldorf, 40225, Germany
| | - Gerrit Bredeck
- IUF - Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Auf'm Hennekamp 50, Düsseldorf, 40225, Germany
| | - Burkhard Stahlmecke
- IUTA - Institute of Energy and Environmental Technology, Bliersheimer Str. 58-60, Duisburg, 47229, Germany
| | - Bryan Hellack
- IUTA - Institute of Energy and Environmental Technology, Bliersheimer Str. 58-60, Duisburg, 47229, Germany
- UBA - German Environment Agency, Paul-Ehrlich-Str. 29, Langen, 63225, Germany
| | - Isabelle Masson
- IUF - Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Auf'm Hennekamp 50, Düsseldorf, 40225, Germany
| | - Adriana Sofranko
- IUF - Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Auf'm Hennekamp 50, Düsseldorf, 40225, Germany
| | - Catrin Albrecht
- IUF - Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Auf'm Hennekamp 50, Düsseldorf, 40225, Germany
| | - Roel P F Schins
- IUF - Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Auf'm Hennekamp 50, Düsseldorf, 40225, Germany
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Conde J, Schwarzfischer M, Katkeviciute E, Häfliger J, Niechcial A, Brillant N, Manzini R, Bäbler K, Atrott K, Lang S, Scharl M. Titanium Dioxide Presents a Different Profile in Dextran Sodium Sulphate-Induced Experimental Colitis in Mice Lacking the IBD Risk Gene Ptpn2 in Myeloid Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:E772. [PMID: 33466682 PMCID: PMC7828807 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Environmental and genetic factors have been demonstrated to contribute to the development of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Recent studies suggested that the food additive; titanium dioxide (TiO2) might play a causative role in the disease. Therefore, in the present study we aimed to explore the interaction between the food additive TiO2 and the well-characterized IBD risk gene protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 2 (Ptpn2) and their role in the development of intestinal inflammation. Dextran sodium sulphate (DSS)-induced acute colitis was performed in mice lacking the expression of Ptpn2 in myeloid cells (Ptpn2LysMCre) or their wild type littermates (Ptpn2fl/fl) and exposed to the microparticle TiO2. The impact of Ptpn2 on TiO2 signalling pathways and TiO2-induced IL-1β and IL-10 levels were studied using bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs). Ptpn2LysMCre exposed to TiO2 exhibited more severe intestinal inflammation than their wild type counterparts. This effect was likely due to the impact of TiO2 on the differentiation of intestinal macrophages, suppressing the number of anti-inflammatory macrophages in Ptpn2 deficient mice. Moreover, we also found that TiO2 was able to induce the secretion of IL-1β via mitogen-activated proteins kinases (MAPKs) and to repress the expression of IL-10 in bone marrow-derived macrophages via MAPK-independent pathways. This is the first evidence of the cooperation between the genetic risk factor Ptpn2 and the environmental factor TiO2 in the regulation of intestinal inflammation. The results presented here suggest that the ingestion of certain industrial compounds should be taken into account, especially in individuals with increased genetic risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Conde
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland; (M.S.); (E.K.); (J.H.); (A.N.); (N.B.); (R.M.); (K.B.); (K.A.); (S.L.)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Michael Scharl
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland; (M.S.); (E.K.); (J.H.); (A.N.); (N.B.); (R.M.); (K.B.); (K.A.); (S.L.)
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Bischoff NS, de Kok TM, Sijm DT, van Breda SG, Briedé JJ, Castenmiller JJ, Opperhuizen A, Chirino YI, Dirven H, Gott D, Houdeau E, Oomen AG, Poulsen M, Rogler G, van Loveren H. Possible Adverse Effects of Food Additive E171 (Titanium Dioxide) Related to Particle Specific Human Toxicity, Including the Immune System. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 22:ijms22010207. [PMID: 33379217 PMCID: PMC7795714 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22010207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Titanium dioxide (TiO2) is used as a food additive (E171) and can be found in sauces, icings, and chewing gums, as well as in personal care products such as toothpaste and pharmaceutical tablets. Along with the ubiquitous presence of TiO2 and recent insights into its potentially hazardous properties, there are concerns about its application in commercially available products. Especially the nano-sized particle fraction (<100 nm) of TiO2 warrants a more detailed evaluation of potential adverse health effects after ingestion. A workshop organized by the Dutch Office for Risk Assessment and Research (BuRO) identified uncertainties and knowledge gaps regarding the gastrointestinal absorption of TiO2, its distribution, the potential for accumulation, and induction of adverse health effects such as inflammation, DNA damage, and tumor promotion. This review aims to identify and evaluate recent toxicological studies on food-grade TiO2 and nano-sized TiO2 in ex-vivo, in-vitro, and in-vivo experiments along the gastrointestinal route, and to postulate an Adverse Outcome Pathway (AOP) following ingestion. Additionally, this review summarizes recommendations and outcomes of the expert meeting held by the BuRO in 2018, in order to contribute to the hazard identification and risk assessment process of ingested TiO2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolaj S. Bischoff
- Department of Toxicogenomics, GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands; (T.M.d.K.); (D.T.H.M.S.); (S.G.v.B.); (J.J.B.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Theo M. de Kok
- Department of Toxicogenomics, GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands; (T.M.d.K.); (D.T.H.M.S.); (S.G.v.B.); (J.J.B.)
| | - Dick T.H.M. Sijm
- Department of Toxicogenomics, GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands; (T.M.d.K.); (D.T.H.M.S.); (S.G.v.B.); (J.J.B.)
- Netherlands Food and Consumer Product Safety Authority, P.O. Box 43006, 3540 AA Utrecht, The Netherlands; (J.J.M.C.); (A.O.); (H.v.L.)
| | - Simone G. van Breda
- Department of Toxicogenomics, GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands; (T.M.d.K.); (D.T.H.M.S.); (S.G.v.B.); (J.J.B.)
| | - Jacco J. Briedé
- Department of Toxicogenomics, GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands; (T.M.d.K.); (D.T.H.M.S.); (S.G.v.B.); (J.J.B.)
| | - Jacqueline J.M. Castenmiller
- Netherlands Food and Consumer Product Safety Authority, P.O. Box 43006, 3540 AA Utrecht, The Netherlands; (J.J.M.C.); (A.O.); (H.v.L.)
| | - Antoon Opperhuizen
- Netherlands Food and Consumer Product Safety Authority, P.O. Box 43006, 3540 AA Utrecht, The Netherlands; (J.J.M.C.); (A.O.); (H.v.L.)
| | - Yolanda I. Chirino
- Unidad de Biomedicina, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autonóma de México, Mexico City 54090, Mexico;
| | - Hubert Dirven
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, P.O. Box 222 Skøyen, 0213 Oslo, Norway;
| | - David Gott
- Food Standard Agency, London SW1H9EX, UK;
| | - Eric Houdeau
- French National Research Institute for Agriculture, Food and Environment (INRAE), 75338 Paris, France;
| | - Agnes G. Oomen
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, P.O. Box 1, 3720 BA Bilthoven, The Netherlands;
| | - Morten Poulsen
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark;
| | - Gerhard Rogler
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland;
| | - Henk van Loveren
- Netherlands Food and Consumer Product Safety Authority, P.O. Box 43006, 3540 AA Utrecht, The Netherlands; (J.J.M.C.); (A.O.); (H.v.L.)
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Rinninella E, Cintoni M, Raoul P, Gasbarrini A, Mele MC. Food Additives, Gut Microbiota, and Irritable Bowel Syndrome: A Hidden Track. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E8816. [PMID: 33260947 PMCID: PMC7730902 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17238816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The interactions between diet, gut microbiota, and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) have many complex mechanisms that are not fully understood. Food additives are one component of the modern human diet that deserves attention from science and government policies. This review aims at identifying the current knowledge about the impact of food additives on gut microbiota and their potential role in the development of IBS. To date, few data on the effect of food additives on gut microbiota in IBS patients are available. However, exposure to food additives could induce the dysbiosis and dysregulation of gut homeostasis with an alteration of the gut barrier and activation of the immune response. These microbial changes could exacerbate the gut symptoms associated with IBS, such as visceral pain, low-grade inflammation, and changes in bowel habits. Some additives (polyols) are excluded in the low fermentable oligo-, di- and monosaccharide, and polyol (FODMAP), diets for IBS patients. Even if most studies have been performed in animals, and human studies are required, many artificial sweeteners, emulsifiers, and food colorants could represent a potential hidden driver of IBS, through gut microbiota alterations. Consequently, food additives should be preventively avoided in the diet as well as dietary supplements for patients with IBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuele Rinninella
- UOC di Nutrizione Clinica, Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Largo A. Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Cintoni
- Scuola di Specializzazione in Scienza dell’Alimentazione, Università di Roma Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy;
| | - Pauline Raoul
- UOSD di Nutrizione Avanzata in Oncologia, Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Largo A. Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy; (P.R.); (M.C.M.)
| | - Antonio Gasbarrini
- UOC di Medicina Interna e Gastroenterologia, Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Largo A. Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy;
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Università Cattolica Del Sacro Cuore, Largo F. Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Cristina Mele
- UOSD di Nutrizione Avanzata in Oncologia, Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Largo A. Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy; (P.R.); (M.C.M.)
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Università Cattolica Del Sacro Cuore, Largo F. Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy
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Fliss-Isakov N, Zelber-Sagi S, Ivancovsky-Wajcman D, Shibolet O, Kariv R. Ultra-Processed Food Intake and Smoking Interact in Relation with Colorectal Adenomas. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12113507. [PMID: 33202603 PMCID: PMC7698317 DOI: 10.3390/nu12113507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Smoking and ultra-processed foods (UPFs), a substantial part of the western diet, have been suggested to have a potential carcinogenic effect, though epidemiologic data are lacking. We aimed to examine the association between high UPF intake and colorectal adenomas, and to test the interaction with smoking. In a case-control study among consecutive subjects undergoing colonoscopy in a tertiary center during 2010–2015, UPF intake and smoking were compared between cases with colorectal adenomas and controls. Within 652 participants (cases, n = 294 and controls, n = 358), high UPF intake (defined as percent of kcal from UPF above the study sample upper tertile) was positively associated with adenomas (Odds ratio (OR) = 1.75, 95% Confidence interval (CI) 1.14–2.68), advanced and proximal adenomas (OR = 2.17, 1.29–3.65 and OR = 2.38, 1.37–4.11) among the whole study sample; and with adenomas (OR = 3.54, 1.90–6.61), non-advanced adenomas (OR = 2.60, 1.20–5.63), advanced adenomas (OR = 4.76, 2.20–10.30), proximal adenomas (OR = 6.23, 2.67–14.52), and distal adenomas (OR = 2.49, 1.21–5.13) among smokers. Additionally, a dose-dependent association was observed between tertiles of UPF intake and adenomas only among smokers (p for trend < 0.001). A significant interaction between smoking and high UPF intake was detected (p for interaction = 0.004). High intake of UPFs is strongly and independently associated with colorectal adenomas, especially advanced and proximal adenoma, and interacts with smoking. Results highlight smokers as more susceptible to the negative health effects of UPF consumption on colorectal neoplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomi Fliss-Isakov
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tel Aviv Medical Center, Tel Aviv 6423906, Israel; (S.Z.-S.); (O.S.); (R.K.)
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +97-(23)-6947305
| | - Shira Zelber-Sagi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tel Aviv Medical Center, Tel Aviv 6423906, Israel; (S.Z.-S.); (O.S.); (R.K.)
- School of Public Health, University of Haifa, Haifa 3498838, Israel;
| | | | - Oren Shibolet
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tel Aviv Medical Center, Tel Aviv 6423906, Israel; (S.Z.-S.); (O.S.); (R.K.)
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Revital Kariv
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tel Aviv Medical Center, Tel Aviv 6423906, Israel; (S.Z.-S.); (O.S.); (R.K.)
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
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Marucco A, Prono M, Beal D, Alasonati E, Fisicaro P, Bergamaschi E, Carriere M, Fenoglio I. Biotransformation of Food-Grade and Nanometric TiO 2 in the Oral-Gastro-Intestinal Tract: Driving Forces and Effect on the Toxicity toward Intestinal Epithelial Cells. NANOMATERIALS 2020; 10:nano10112132. [PMID: 33120920 PMCID: PMC7692287 DOI: 10.3390/nano10112132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Background: Oral exposure to titanium dioxide (TiO2) is common since it is widely used in food and pharmaceutical products. Concern on the safety of this substance has been recently raised, due to the presence of an ultrafine fraction in food-grade TiO2. Discrepancy exists among data reported in in vitro and in vivo studies on intestinal acute/chronic toxicity of TiO2. This might be due to the different biological identity of TiO2 in traditional in vitro test by respect in vivo conditions. Methods: One food-grade TiO2 and two nanometric TiO2 samples were treated with a simulated human digestive dystem (SHDS) in order to investigate the bio-transformation occurring to the particles once ingested in term of size distribution (Dynamic Light Scattering—DLS-, Flow Particle Imaging, Asymmetric Flow Field Flow Fractionation-AF4-) and surface modification (Electrophoretic Light Scattering—ELS-, Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Spectroscopy—EPR-). The effect of SHDS on the cyto-, genotoxicity and potential to induce oxidative stress towards human colorectal carcinoma HCT116 cells was also assessed. Results: Aggregation as a consequence of the high ionic strength of the gastric and intestinal simulated fluids was observed, together with the formation of a partially irreversible bio-corona containing phosphate ions and proteins. Such bio-corona led to a partial masking of the TiO2 particles surface and reactivity. Pristine and treated TiO2 nanoparticles showed comparable acute toxicity and genotoxicity toward HCT116 cells, whereas a small decrease of the induction of oxidative stress after treatment was observed. Conclusions: Overall the results underline the importance of SHDS as a tool to improve the predictive power of in vitro tests towards intestinal nanomaterial toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arianna Marucco
- Department of Chemistry, University of Torino, 10125 Torino, Italy;
| | - Marion Prono
- Chimie Interface Biologie pour l’Environnement, la Santé et la Toxicologie (CIBEST), University Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, IRIG, SyMMES, F-38000 Grenoble, France; (M.P.); (D.B.)
| | - David Beal
- Chimie Interface Biologie pour l’Environnement, la Santé et la Toxicologie (CIBEST), University Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, IRIG, SyMMES, F-38000 Grenoble, France; (M.P.); (D.B.)
| | - Enrica Alasonati
- Département Biomédicale et Chimie Inorganique, Laboratoire National de Métrologie et D’essais, F-75724 Paris, France; (E.A.); (P.F.)
| | - Paola Fisicaro
- Département Biomédicale et Chimie Inorganique, Laboratoire National de Métrologie et D’essais, F-75724 Paris, France; (E.A.); (P.F.)
| | - Enrico Bergamaschi
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy;
| | - Marie Carriere
- Chimie Interface Biologie pour l’Environnement, la Santé et la Toxicologie (CIBEST), University Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, IRIG, SyMMES, F-38000 Grenoble, France; (M.P.); (D.B.)
- Correspondence: (M.C.); (I.F.)
| | - Ivana Fenoglio
- Department of Chemistry, University of Torino, 10125 Torino, Italy;
- Correspondence: (M.C.); (I.F.)
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Medina-Reyes EI, Rodríguez-Ibarra C, Déciga-Alcaraz A, Díaz-Urbina D, Chirino YI, Pedraza-Chaverri J. Food additives containing nanoparticles induce gastrotoxicity, hepatotoxicity and alterations in animal behavior: The unknown role of oxidative stress. Food Chem Toxicol 2020; 146:111814. [PMID: 33068655 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2020.111814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Food additives such as titanium dioxide (E171), iron oxides and hydroxides (E172), silver (E174), and gold (E175) are highly used as colorants while silicon dioxide (E551) is generally used as anticaking in ultra-processed foodstuff highly used in the Western diets. These additives contain nanosized particles (1-100 nm) and there is a rising concern since these nanoparticles could exert major adverse effects due to they are not metabolized but are accumulated in several organs. Here, we analyze the evidence of gastrotoxicity, hepatotoxicity and the impact of microbiota on gut-brain and gut-liver axis induced by E171, E172, E174, E175 and E551 and their non-food grade nanosized counterparts after oral consumption. Although, no studies using these food additives have been performed to evaluate neurotoxicity or alterations in animal behavior, their non-food grade nanosized counterparts have been associated with stress, depression, cognitive and eating disorders as signs of animal behavior alterations. We identified that these food additives induce gastrotoxicity, hepatotoxicity and alterations in gut microbiota and most evidence points out oxidative stress as the main mechanism of toxicity, however, the role of oxidative stress as the main mechanism needs to be explored further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estefany I Medina-Reyes
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, CP 04510, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
| | - Carolina Rodríguez-Ibarra
- Unidad de Biomedicina, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Av. de Los Barrios No. 1, Tlalnepantla de Baz, CP 54090, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Alejandro Déciga-Alcaraz
- Unidad de Biomedicina, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Av. de Los Barrios No. 1, Tlalnepantla de Baz, CP 54090, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Daniel Díaz-Urbina
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología de La Alimentación. Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Av. de Los Barrios No. 1, Tlalnepantla de Baz, CP 54090, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Yolanda I Chirino
- Unidad de Biomedicina, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Av. de Los Barrios No. 1, Tlalnepantla de Baz, CP 54090, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - José Pedraza-Chaverri
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, CP 04510, Ciudad de México, Mexico
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Medina-Reyes EI, Delgado-Buenrostro NL, Díaz-Urbina D, Rodríguez-Ibarra C, Déciga-Alcaraz A, González MI, Reyes JL, Villamar-Duque TE, Flores-Sánchez ML, Hernández-Pando R, Mancilla-Díaz JM, Chirino YI, Pedraza-Chaverri J. Food-grade titanium dioxide (E171) induces anxiety, adenomas in colon and goblet cells hyperplasia in a regular diet model and microvesicular steatosis in a high fat diet model. Food Chem Toxicol 2020; 146:111786. [PMID: 33038453 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2020.111786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Food-grade titanium dioxide (E171) is a white additive widely used in solid and liquid food products. There is still debate about E171 toxic effects after oral consumption since this additive is deposited in colon, liver, spleen, testis and brain. The consumption of E171 commonly occurs with Western diets that are characterized by a high fat content. Thus, E171 could worsen adverse effects associated with a high fat diet (HFD) such as anxiety, colon diseases and testicular damage. We aimed to evaluate the effects of E171 on anxiety-like behavior, colon, liver and testis and to analyze if the administration of a HFD could exacerbate adverse effects. E171 was administered at ~5 mg/kgbw by drinking water for 16 weeks and mice were fed with a Regular Diet or a HFD. E171 promoted anxiety, induced adenomas in colon, goblet cells hypertrophy and hyperplasia and mucins overexpression, but had no toxic effects on testicular tissue or spermatozoa in regular diet fed-mice. Additionally, E171 promoted microvesicular steatosis in liver in HFD fed-mice and the only HFD administration decreased the spermatozoa concentration and motility. In conclusion, E171 administration increases the number of adenomas in colon, induces hypertrophy and hyperplasia in goblet cells and microvesicular steatosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estefany I Medina-Reyes
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, CP 04510, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
| | - Norma L Delgado-Buenrostro
- Unidad de Biomedicina, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. de los Barrios No. 1, Tlalnepantla de Baz, CP 54090, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Daniel Díaz-Urbina
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología de la Alimentación. Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. de los Barrios No. 1, Tlalnepantla de Baz, CP 54090, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Carolina Rodríguez-Ibarra
- Unidad de Biomedicina, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. de los Barrios No. 1, Tlalnepantla de Baz, CP 54090, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Alejandro Déciga-Alcaraz
- Unidad de Biomedicina, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. de los Barrios No. 1, Tlalnepantla de Baz, CP 54090, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Marisol I González
- Unidad de Biomedicina, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. de los Barrios No. 1, Tlalnepantla de Baz, CP 54090, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - José L Reyes
- Unidad de Biomedicina, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. de los Barrios No. 1, Tlalnepantla de Baz, CP 54090, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Tomás E Villamar-Duque
- Bioterio de la Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. de los Barrios No. 1, Tlalnepantla de Baz, CP 54090, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - María Lo Flores-Sánchez
- Bioterio de la Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. de los Barrios No. 1, Tlalnepantla de Baz, CP 54090, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Rogelio Hernández-Pando
- Sección de Patología Experimental, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Vasco de Quiroga 15, Tlalpan, CP 14000, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Juan M Mancilla-Díaz
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología de la Alimentación. Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. de los Barrios No. 1, Tlalnepantla de Baz, CP 54090, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Yolanda I Chirino
- Unidad de Biomedicina, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. de los Barrios No. 1, Tlalnepantla de Baz, CP 54090, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - José Pedraza-Chaverri
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, CP 04510, Ciudad de México, Mexico
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Perillo F, Amoroso C, Strati F, Giuffrè MR, Díaz-Basabe A, Lattanzi G, Facciotti F. Gut Microbiota Manipulation as a Tool for Colorectal Cancer Management: Recent Advances in Its Use for Therapeutic Purposes. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E5389. [PMID: 32751239 PMCID: PMC7432108 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21155389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a multifaceted disease influenced by both environmental and genetic factors. A large body of literature has demonstrated the role of gut microbes in promoting inflammatory responses, creating a suitable microenvironment for the development of skewed interactions between the host and the gut microbiota and cancer initiation. Even if surgery is the primary therapeutic strategy, patients with advanced disease or cancer recurrence after surgery remain difficult to cure. Therefore, the gut microbiota has been proposed as a novel therapeutic target in light of recent promising data in which it seems to modulate the response to cancer immunotherapy. The use of microbe-targeted therapies, including antibiotics, prebiotics, live biotherapeutics, and fecal microbiota transplantation, is therefore considered to support current therapies in CRC management. In this review, we will discuss the importance of host-microbe interactions in CRC and how promoting homeostatic immune responses through microbe-targeted therapies may be useful in preventing/treating CRC development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Perillo
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20139 Milan, Italy; (F.P.); (C.A.); (M.R.G.); (A.D.-B.); (G.L.)
| | - Chiara Amoroso
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20139 Milan, Italy; (F.P.); (C.A.); (M.R.G.); (A.D.-B.); (G.L.)
| | - Francesco Strati
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20139 Milan, Italy; (F.P.); (C.A.); (M.R.G.); (A.D.-B.); (G.L.)
| | - Maria Rita Giuffrè
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20139 Milan, Italy; (F.P.); (C.A.); (M.R.G.); (A.D.-B.); (G.L.)
| | - Angélica Díaz-Basabe
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20139 Milan, Italy; (F.P.); (C.A.); (M.R.G.); (A.D.-B.); (G.L.)
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20135 Milan, Italy
| | - Georgia Lattanzi
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20139 Milan, Italy; (F.P.); (C.A.); (M.R.G.); (A.D.-B.); (G.L.)
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20135 Milan, Italy
| | - Federica Facciotti
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20139 Milan, Italy; (F.P.); (C.A.); (M.R.G.); (A.D.-B.); (G.L.)
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Brand W, Peters RJB, Braakhuis HM, Maślankiewicz L, Oomen AG. Possible effects of titanium dioxide particles on human liver, intestinal tissue, spleen and kidney after oral exposure. Nanotoxicology 2020; 14:985-1007. [PMID: 32619159 DOI: 10.1080/17435390.2020.1778809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies reported adverse liver effects and intestinal tumor formation after oral exposure to titanium dioxide (TiO2). Other oral toxicological studies, however, observed no effects on liver and intestine, despite prolonged exposure and/or high doses. In the present assessment, we aimed to better understand whether TiO2 can induce such effects at conditions relevant for humans. Therefore, we focused not only on the clinical and histopathological observations, but also used Adverse Outcome Pathways (AOPs) to consider earlier steps (Key Events). In addition, aiming for a more accurate risk assessment, the available information on organ concentrations of Ti (resulting from exposure to TiO2) from oral animal studies was compared to recently reported concentrations found in human postmortem organs. The overview obtained with the AOP approach indicates that TiO2 can trigger a number of key events in liver and intestine: Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) generation, induction of oxidative stress and inflammation. TiO2 seems to be able to exert these early effects in animal studies at Ti liver concentrations that are only a factor of 30 and 6 times higher than the median and highest liver concentration found in humans, respectively. This confirms earlier conclusions that adverse effects on the liver in humans as a result of (oral) TiO2 exposure cannot be excluded. Data for comparison with Ti levels in human intestinal tissue, spleen and kidney with effect concentrations were too limited to draw firm conclusions. The Ti levels, though, are similar or higher than those found in liver, suggesting these tissues may be relevant too.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walter Brand
- Centre for Safety of Substances and Products, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Ruud J B Peters
- Wageningen Food Safety Research (WFSR), Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Hedwig M Braakhuis
- Centre for Health Protection, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Lidka Maślankiewicz
- Centre for Safety of Substances and Products, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Agnes G Oomen
- Centre for Safety of Substances and Products, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands
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Coméra C, Cartier C, Gaultier E, Catrice O, Panouille Q, El Hamdi S, Tirez K, Nelissen I, Théodorou V, Houdeau E. Jejunal villus absorption and paracellular tight junction permeability are major routes for early intestinal uptake of food-grade TiO 2 particles: an in vivo and ex vivo study in mice. Part Fibre Toxicol 2020; 17:26. [PMID: 32527323 PMCID: PMC7345522 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-020-00357-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Food-grade TiO2 (E171 in the EU) is widely used as a coloring agent in foodstuffs, including sweets. Chronic dietary exposure raises concerns for human health due to proinflammatory properties and the ability to induce and promote preneoplastic lesions in the rodent gut. Characterization of intestinal TiO2 uptake is essential for assessing the health risk in humans. We studied in vivo the gut absorption kinetics of TiO2 in fasted mice orally given a single dose (40 mg/kg) to assess the ability of intestinal apical surfaces to absorb particles when available without entrapment in the bolus. The epithelial translocation pathways were also identified ex vivo using intestinal loops in anesthetized mice. Results The absorption of TiO2 particles was analyzed in gut tissues by laser-reflective confocal microscopy and ICP-MS at 4 and 8 h following oral administration. A bimodal pattern was detected in the small intestine: TiO2 absorption peaked at 4 h in jejunal and ileal villi before returning to basal levels at 8 h, while being undetectable at 4 h but significantly present at 8 h in the jejunal Peyer’s patches (PP). Lower absorption occurred in the colon, while TiO2 particles were clearly detectable by confocal microscopy in the blood at 4 and 8 h after treatment. Ex vivo, jejunal loops were exposed to the food additive in the presence and absence of pharmacological inhibitors of paracellular tight junction (TJ) permeability or of transcellular (endocytic) passage. Thirty minutes after E171 addition, TiO2 absorption by the jejunal villi was decreased by 66% (p < 0.001 vs. control) in the presence of the paracellular permeability blocker triaminopyrimidine; the other inhibitors had no significant effect. Substantial absorption through a goblet cell (GC)-associated pathway, insensitive to TJ blockade, was also detected. Conclusions After a single E171 dose in mice, early intestinal uptake of TiO2 particles mainly occurred through the villi of the small intestine, which, in contrast to the PP, represent the main absorption surface in the small intestine. A GC-associated passage and passive diffusion through paracellular TJ spaces between enterocytes appeared to be major absorption routes for transepithelial uptake of dietary TiO2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Coméra
- Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Toulouse University, INRAE, ENVT, INP, Toulouse, France.
| | - Christel Cartier
- Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Toulouse University, INRAE, ENVT, INP, Toulouse, France
| | - Eric Gaultier
- Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Toulouse University, INRAE, ENVT, INP, Toulouse, France
| | - Olivier Catrice
- LIPM, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, CNRS, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Quentin Panouille
- Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Toulouse University, INRAE, ENVT, INP, Toulouse, France
| | - Sarah El Hamdi
- Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Toulouse University, INRAE, ENVT, INP, Toulouse, France
| | - Kristof Tirez
- VITO (Flemish Institute for Technological Research), Mol, Belgium
| | - Inge Nelissen
- VITO (Flemish Institute for Technological Research), Mol, Belgium
| | - Vassilia Théodorou
- Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Toulouse University, INRAE, ENVT, INP, Toulouse, France
| | - Eric Houdeau
- Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Toulouse University, INRAE, ENVT, INP, Toulouse, France
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Musial J, Krakowiak R, Mlynarczyk DT, Goslinski T, Stanisz BJ. Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles in Food and Personal Care Products-What Do We Know about Their Safety? NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 10:E1110. [PMID: 32512703 PMCID: PMC7353154 DOI: 10.3390/nano10061110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Titanium dioxide (TiO2) is a material of diverse applications commonly used as a food additive or cosmetic ingredient. Its prevalence in products of everyday use, especially in nanosize, raises concerns about safety. Current findings on the safety of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) used as a food additive or a sunscreen compound are reviewed and systematized in this publication. Although some studies state that TiO2 NPs are not harmful to humans through ingestion or via dermal exposure, there is a considerable number of data that demonstrated their toxic effects in animal models. The final agreement on the safety of this nanomaterial has not yet been reached among researchers. There is also a lack of official, standardized guidelines for thorough characterization of TiO2 NPs in food and cosmetic products, provided by international authorities. Recent advances in the application of 'green-synthesized' TiO2 NPs, as well as comparative studies of the properties of 'biogenic' and 'traditional' nanoparticles, are presented. To conclude, perspectives and directions for further studies on the toxicity of TiO2 NPs are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Musial
- Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Grunwaldzka 6, 60-780 Poznań, Poland;
| | - Rafal Krakowiak
- Chair and Department of Chemical Technology of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Grunwaldzka 6, 60-780 Poznań, Poland; (R.K.); (T.G.)
| | - Dariusz T. Mlynarczyk
- Chair and Department of Chemical Technology of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Grunwaldzka 6, 60-780 Poznań, Poland; (R.K.); (T.G.)
| | - Tomasz Goslinski
- Chair and Department of Chemical Technology of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Grunwaldzka 6, 60-780 Poznań, Poland; (R.K.); (T.G.)
| | - Beata J. Stanisz
- Chair and Department of Chemical Technology of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Grunwaldzka 6, 60-780 Poznań, Poland; (R.K.); (T.G.)
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50
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Hofseth LJ, Hebert JR, Chanda A, Chen H, Love BL, Pena MM, Murphy EA, Sajish M, Sheth A, Buckhaults PJ, Berger FG. Early-onset colorectal cancer: initial clues and current views. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2020; 17:352-364. [PMID: 32086499 PMCID: PMC10711686 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-019-0253-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 210] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Over the past several decades, the incidence of early-onset colorectal cancer (EOCRC; in patients <50 years old) has increased at an alarming rate. Although robust and scientifically rigorous epidemiological studies have sifted out environmental elements linked to EOCRC, our knowledge of the causes and mechanisms of this disease is far from complete. Here, we highlight potential risk factors and putative mechanisms that drive EOCRC and suggest likely areas for fruitful research. In addition, we identify inconsistencies in the evidence implicating a strong effect of increased adiposity and suggest that certain behaviours (such as diet and stress) might place nonobese and otherwise healthy people at risk of this disease. Key risk factors are reviewed, including the global westernization of diets (usually involving a high intake of red and processed meats, high-fructose corn syrup and unhealthy cooking methods), stress, antibiotics, synthetic food dyes, monosodium glutamate, titanium dioxide, and physical inactivity and/or sedentary behaviour. The gut microbiota is probably at the crossroads of these risk factors and EOCRC. The time course of the disease and the fact that relevant exposures probably occur in childhood raise important methodological issues that are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorne J Hofseth
- Center for Colon Cancer Research, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA.
- Cancer Prevention and Control Program, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA.
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA.
| | - James R Hebert
- Center for Colon Cancer Research, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
- Cancer Prevention and Control Program, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Anindya Chanda
- Center for Colon Cancer Research, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Hexin Chen
- Center for Colon Cancer Research, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
- Department of Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Bryan L Love
- Center for Colon Cancer Research, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Outcomes Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Maria M Pena
- Center for Colon Cancer Research, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
- Department of Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - E Angela Murphy
- Center for Colon Cancer Research, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology & Immunology, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Mathew Sajish
- Center for Colon Cancer Research, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Amit Sheth
- Center for Colon Cancer Research, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Phillip J Buckhaults
- Center for Colon Cancer Research, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Franklin G Berger
- Center for Colon Cancer Research, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
- Department of Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
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