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Doménech E, Martorell S. Review of the Terminology, Approaches, and Formulations Used in the Guidelines on Quantitative Risk Assessment of Chemical Hazards in Food. Foods 2024; 13:714. [PMID: 38472827 DOI: 10.3390/foods13050714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
This paper reviews the published terminology, mathematical models, and the possible approaches used to characterise the risk of foodborne chemical hazards, particularly pesticides, metals, mycotoxins, acrylamide, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). The results confirmed the wide variability of the nomenclature used, e.g., 28 different ways of referencing exposure, 13 of cancer risk, or 9 of slope factor. On the other hand, a total of 16 equations were identified to formulate all the risk characterisation parameters of interest. Therefore, the present study proposes a terminology and formulation for some risk characterisation parameters based on the guidelines of international organisations and the literature review. The mathematical model used for non-genotoxic hazards is a ratio in all cases. However, the authors used the probability of cancer or different ratios, such as the margin of exposure (MOE) for genotoxic hazards. For each effect studied per hazard, the non-genotoxic effect was mostly studied in pesticides (79.73%), the genotoxic effect was mostly studied in PAHs (71.15%), and both effects were mainly studied in metals (59.4%). The authors of the works reviewed generally opted for a deterministic approach, although most of those who assessed the risk for mycotoxins or the ratio and risk for acrylamide used the probabilistic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Doménech
- Instituto Universitario de Ingeniería de Alimentos Food-UPV, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Sebastián Martorell
- MEDASEGI Research Group, Department of Chemical and Nuclear Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
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Mehri F, Heshmati A, Ghane ET, Khazaei M, Mahmudiono T, Fakhri Y. A probabilistic health risk assessment of potentially toxic elements in edible vegetable oils consumed in Hamadan, Iran. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:218. [PMID: 38238752 PMCID: PMC10797719 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-17624-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/31/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
In this study, potential toxic element (PTEs) including lead (Pb), arsenic (As), cadmium(Cd), iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn) in traditional and industrial edible vegetable oils (peanut, sunflower, olive and sesame) collected from Hamadan, west of Iran were determined using Inductivity Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP-OES). Besides, probabilistic health risk assessment (non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks) was identified via total target hazard quotient (TTHQ) and cancer risk (CR) by the Monte Carlo Simulation (MCS) model. The ranking of concentration PTEs in traditional and industrial edible vegetable oils was Fe > Zn > As > Pb > Cd. The in all samples, content of PTEs in industrial oils were upper than traditional oils (p < 0.001). The level of PTEs in most of vegetable oils was lower than permissible concentration regulated by Codex and national standard. In term of non-carcinogenic, consumers were at acceptable range (TTHQ < 1) due to ingestion both traditional and industrial vegetable oils content of PTEs. In term of carcinogenic, CR the both adults and children was higher than acceptable range (CR < 1E-6), Hence consumer are at unacceptable risk due to ingestion industrial vegetable oils content of inorganic As. Therefore, it is recommended to implement control plans for PTEs in vegetable oils consumed in Hamadan, Iran.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fereshteh Mehri
- Nutrition Health Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Ali Heshmati
- Nutrition Health Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
| | - Elaheh Talebi Ghane
- Modeling of Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Khazaei
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Research Center for Health Sciences, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Trias Mahmudiono
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Airlangga, Jl. Mulyorejo Kampus C, Surabaya, 60115, Indonesia
| | - Yadolah Fakhri
- Food Health Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
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Munjanja BK, Nomngongo PN, Mketo N. Organochlorine pesticides in vegetable oils: An overview of occurrence, toxicity, and chromatographic determination in the past twenty-two years (2000-2022). Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023:1-17. [PMID: 37335094 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2023.2222010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
Organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) are used globally to control pests in the food industry. However, some have been banned due to their toxicity. Although they have been banned, OCPs are still discharged into the environment and persist for long periods of time. Therefore, this review focused on the occurrence, toxicity, and chromatographic determination of OCPs in vegetable oils over the last 22 years (2000-2022) (111 references).Literature search shows that OCPs kill pests by destroying endocrine, teratogenic, neuroendocrine, immune, and reproductive systems. However, only five studies investigated the fate of OCPs in vegetable oils and the outcome revealed that some of the steps involved during oil processing introduce more OCPs. Moreover, direct chromatographic determination of OCPs was mostly performed using online LC-GC methods fitted with oven transfer adsorption desorption interface. While indirect chromatographic determination was favored by QuEChERS extraction technique, gas chromatography frequently coupled to electron capture detection (ECD), gas chromatography in selective ion monitoring mode (SIM), and gas chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) were the most common techniques used for detection. However, the greatest challenge still faced by analytical chemists is to obtain clean extracts with acceptable extraction recoveries (70-120%). Hence, more research is still required to develop greener and selective extraction methods toward OCPs, thus improving extraction recoveries. Moreover, advanced techniques like gas chromatography high resolution mass spectrometry (GC-HRMS) must also be explored. OCPs prevalence in vegetable oils varied greatly in various countries, and concentrations of up to 1500 µg/kg were reported. Additionally, the percentage of positive samples ranged from 1.1 to 97.5% for endosulfan sulfate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basil K Munjanja
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Engineering and Technology, Florida Science Campus, University of South Africa, Roodepoort, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Philiswa N Nomngongo
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Nomvano Mketo
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Engineering and Technology, Florida Science Campus, University of South Africa, Roodepoort, Johannesburg, South Africa
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Jubeen F, Zahra N, Nazli ZIH, Saleemi MK, Aslam F, Naz I, Farhat LB, Saleh A, Alshawwa SZ, Iqbal M. Risk Assessment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma with Aflatoxin B1 Exposure in Edible Oils. Toxins (Basel) 2022; 14:toxins14080547. [PMID: 36006209 PMCID: PMC9415889 DOI: 10.3390/toxins14080547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Contamination of edible oils with aflatoxins (AFs) is a universal issue due to the detrimental effects of aflatoxins on human health and the fact that edible oils are a major source of fungal growth, particularly storage fungi (Aspergillus sp.). The objective of this study was to assess aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) in edible oil used in fried food in order to determine the risk of cancer from AFB1 exposure through cooked food using the FAO/WHO’s and EFSA’s margin of exposure (MOE) quantitative liver cancer risk approaches. Using Mycosep 226 columns and HPLC-FLD, 100 samples of cooking oils (soybean, canola, and sunflower oil) from different food points were analyzed for contamination with aflatoxins. Of all the samples tested, 89% were positive for total aflatoxins and AFB1, with 65% indicating AF concentrations beyond permitted levels. Canola oil was found to contain higher levels of AFB1 and AFs than soybean and sunflower oil. Almost 71 percent of canola oil samples (range of 54.4–281.1 µg/kg) were contaminated with AF levels higher than the proposed limits of the European Union (20 µg/kg). The consumption of canola oil samples used in fried foods had MOE values that were significantly lower as compared to sunflower and soybean oils, indicating that risk reduction is feasible. Additionally, compared to soybean and sunflower oil, canola oil exhibited a greater threat of liver cancer cases linked to AFB1 exposure (17.13 per 100,000 males over 35 and 10.93 per 100,000 females over 35). Using a quantitative liver cancer approach, health risk valuation demonstrated that males and females over the age of 35 are at significant risk of developing liver cancer. The health risk assessment exposed that the males and female over the age of 35 are at considerable risk of liver cancer by using a quantitative liver cancer approach. The innovation of this study lies in the fact that no such study is reported related to liver cancer risk evaluation accompanied with AFB1 exposure from consumed edible oil. As a result, a national strategy must be developed to solve this problem so that edible oil products are subjected to severe regulatory examination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farhat Jubeen
- Department of Chemistry, Government College Women University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Nida Zahra
- Department of Chemistry, Government College Women University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Zill-i-Huma Nazli
- Department of Chemistry, Government College Women University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad K. Saleemi
- Department of Pathology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan
| | - Farheen Aslam
- Department of Biotechnology, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Iram Naz
- Department of Chemistry, Government College Women University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Lamia B. Farhat
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
- Laboratoire des Matériaux et de L’Environnement Pour le Développement Durable LR18ES10, 9 Avenue Dr. Zoheir Sai, Tunis 1006, Tunisia
| | - Asmaa Saleh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Samar Z. Alshawwa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Munawar Iqbal
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Science and Technology, University of Education, Lahore 54770, Pakistan
- Correspondence: mailto:
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Recent Advances in Cold Plasma Technology for Food Processing. FOOD ENGINEERING REVIEWS 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12393-022-09317-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Dehghani M, Gharehchahi E, Jafari S, Moeini Z, Derakhshan Z, Ferrante M, Conti GO. Health risk assessment of exposure to atrazine in the soil of Shiraz farmlands, Iran. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 204:112090. [PMID: 34582803 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.112090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Atrazine-contaminated soils can pose a carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic health risk through different routes for exposed people. This study aimed to assess the health risk of exposure to atrazine-contaminated soils through direct ingestion and dermal contact in farmlands nearby Shiraz. Atrazine concentration was measured in 22 selected sites using grid sampling. The carcinogenic and non-cancer risks associated with dermal and ingestion exposure in children and adults were estimated. The lowest and highest atrazine concentrations were in S1 (0.015 mg/kg soil) and S22 (0.55 mg/kg soil). Hazard Index (HI)1 values ranged from 0.007 to 0.25 for children, and the values ranged from 0.0008 to 0.03 for adults. The mean cancer risk for children and adults was 6.01 × 10-4 and 7.40 × 10-5, respectively. The HI value was less than 1 for all sampling sites, indicating that exposure to atrazine does not threaten children and adults. However, the cancer risk exceeds the United States Environmental Protection Agency (US.EPA)2 threshold risk limit (10-6 to 10-4) in all sampling sites. Therefore, it is recommended that children should avoid playing on atrazine-contaminated farms or soils near anywhere atrazine may have been used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mansooreh Dehghani
- Research Center for Health Sciences, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ehsan Gharehchahi
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Shaghayegh Jafari
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Zohre Moeini
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Zahra Derakhshan
- Research Center for Health Sciences, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Margherita Ferrante
- Environmental and Food Hygiene Laboratories (LIAA) of Department of Medical Sciences, Surgical and Advanced Technologies "G.F. Ingrassia", Hygiene and Public Health, University of Catania, Italy
| | - Gea Oliveri Conti
- Environmental and Food Hygiene Laboratories (LIAA) of Department of Medical Sciences, Surgical and Advanced Technologies "G.F. Ingrassia", Hygiene and Public Health, University of Catania, Italy
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Rezaei Kalantary R, Barzegar G, Jorfi S. Monitoring of pesticides in surface water, pesticides removal efficiency in drinking water treatment plant and potential health risk to consumers using Monte Carlo simulation in Behbahan City, Iran. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 286:131667. [PMID: 34325256 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Excessive application of pesticides to control pests and weeds leads to contaminating bodies of water and health problems for consumers. The present study was designed to investigate the concentration of pesticides in raw water originated from the Marun River as well as the treated water of the drinking water treatment plant in Behbahan City. The efficiency of each treatment process was evaluated. Moreover, the health risks caused by detectable pesticides for consumers of treated water were assessed. The target pollutants were extracted using droplet liquid-liquid microextraction and detected by a gas chromatograph-mass spectrophotometer. The results showed relatively high mean concentrations of organophosphate pesticides ranging from 0.87 to 3.229 μg/L in the river water and low concentrations of organochlorine pesticides, except for 1,3-dichloropropene with the concentration of 3.58 μg/L. Alachlor had a rather high concentration (2.44 μg/L) in the river water. The concentration of pesticides in the drinking water had been reduced to an acceptable amount. The major part of pesticides removal occurred in coagulation-flocculation and rapid sand filtration units (87 %) due to the hydrophobic nature of pesticides and the use of GAC in the filtration unit. Based on the risk assessment estimates, the total hazard quotient (THQ) for all the pesticides was much less than one. The value of THQ was higher in younger individuals and children for all the given pesticides. The highest value of THQ in children was 0.2 which was attributed to aldrin. Similarly, the carcinogenic risk (CR) of aldrin for children and teenagers was in the unsafe range (more than 10-4) while the CR for other target compounds in all the age groups was negligible (10-4-10-6 or less). The high concentration of pesticides in the river water might be concerning and therefore selling and using pesticides, especially the banned ones, should be more regulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roshanak Rezaei Kalantary
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Research Center for Environmental Health Technology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Gelavizh Barzegar
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Sahand Jorfi
- Environmental Technologies Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran; Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
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Kashi G, Nourieh N, Mostashari P, Khushab F. Optimization of extraction conditions and determination of the Chlorpyrifos, Diazinon, and malathion residues in environment samples: Fruit (Apple, Orange, and Tomato). Food Chem X 2021; 12:100163. [PMID: 34825172 PMCID: PMC8604744 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2021.100163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
CPF, diazinon, and malathion residues in fruit was studed. Concentration of studied pesticides is positively correlated to the texture of studied fruits. Pesticide residues in studying fruits decreased by an increase in public surveillance.
Organophosphate (OP) insecticide, such as diazinon is found in the environments like water which is still approved for agricultural uses. When diazinon residues enter the human body, it functions as an acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor. This research aims to measure of chlorpyrifos (CPF), diazinon, and malathion residues in fruit such as apple, orange, and tomato after optimizing extraction conditions. Pesticide residues are measured by gas chromatography (GC) technique. Effective variables on pesticide residues are studied including pesticides kind, sampling station, and fruit kind. Results show that average concentration CPF, diazinon, and malathion residues in orange water are 7.05 ± 0.01 mg L−1, 6.66 ± 0.03 mg L−1, and 12.38 ± 0.02 µgL−1, respectively. The average concentration CPF, diazinon, and malathion residues in apple water are 0.74 ± 0.02 mgL−1, 0.70 ± 0.01 mgL−1, and 1.10 ± 0.01 µgL−1, respectively. The average concentration CPF, diazinon, and malathion residues in tomato water are 0.60 ± 0.02 mgL−1, 0.57 ± 0.02 mgL−1, and 0.89 ± 0.01 µgL−1, respectively. The highest CPF concentration is observed in the orange fruit from station 20. Due to an appropriate storage condition and presenting organic fruits in the supermarket, the least mean concentration of pesticides is obtained in studied fruits from station 2. The manner of washing, peeling, and storage period before consuming fruits lead to decreasing studied pesticides concentration about 15–35, 40–50, and 50–60%, respectively. Increasing the fruit shelf-life led to decreasing studied pesticides concentration. Between pesticide concentration and variables: pesticides kind, sampling station, fruit kind, are not seen meaningful statistic relationship (P > 0.05). This study showed that pesticide residues in fruits can be decreased by washing, refrigerating, peeling procedures and increase in public surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giti Kashi
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Health, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.,Water Purification Research Center, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nafiseh Nourieh
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Health, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parisa Mostashari
- Department of Food Science and Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Nutrition and Food Sciences Research Center, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fariba Khushab
- Department of Parasitology, Laboratory of Parasitology, Faculty of Medical, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
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Huang T, Souders CL, Wang S, Ganter J, He J, Zhao YH, Cheng H, Martyniuk CJ. Behavioral and developmental toxicity assessment of the strobilurin fungicide fenamidone in zebrafish embryos/larvae (Danio rerio). ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 228:112966. [PMID: 34794025 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Strobilurin fungicides are among the most widely used in the world and have characteristics that include high water solubility and toxicity to aquatic organisms. While several studies report on mechanisms of toxicity of strobilurins in fish, there are no data on the sub-lethal toxicity of fish to the fungicide fenamidone. To address this gap, survival and hatch rate, deformities, mitochondrial bioenergetics, expression of oxidative stress and apoptotic genes, and behavior (locomotor activity and anxiolytic-related behaviors) were assessed in zebrafish embryos and larvae following exposure to fenamidone. Fenamidone negatively affected development of zebrafish embryos, causing a delay of hatching time at concentrations of 2.5 and 5 μM. Fenamidone caused morphological deformities in zebrafish, including pericardial edema, yolk sac edema, tail deformities, and spinal curvature. Exposure to 1.5 μM fenamidone reduced surface area of swim bladder in larvae at 6 dpf. Fenamidone significantly reduced oxygen consumption rates of embryos; 5 μM fenamidone decreased basal respiration (~85%), oligomycin induced ATP-linked respiration (~70%), FCCP-induced maximal respiration (~75%) and non-mitochondrial respiration (~90%) compared to controls. Sod2 mRNA levels were decreased by fenamidone in larval fish. Locomotor activity was significantly decreased in zebrafish larvae following exposure to 2 μM fenamidone but there was no evidence for anxiolytic nor anxiety-related behaviors (exposures of 100 nM up to 1.5 µM). This study addresses a data gap for potential risks associated with fenamidone exposure in developing fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Huang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Urban Hydrological Cycle and Sponge City Technology, College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, PR China; Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, UF Genetics Institute, Interdisciplinary Program in Biomedical Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Christopher L Souders
- Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, UF Genetics Institute, Interdisciplinary Program in Biomedical Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Shuo Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Urban Hydrological Cycle and Sponge City Technology, College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, PR China; Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, UF Genetics Institute, Interdisciplinary Program in Biomedical Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Jade Ganter
- Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, UF Genetics Institute, Interdisciplinary Program in Biomedical Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Jia He
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Urban Hydrological Cycle and Sponge City Technology, College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, PR China.
| | - Yuan H Zhao
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin 130117, PR China
| | - Hongguang Cheng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Urban Hydrological Cycle and Sponge City Technology, College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, PR China.
| | - Christopher J Martyniuk
- Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, UF Genetics Institute, Interdisciplinary Program in Biomedical Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.
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Tajdar-oranj B, Peivasteh-roudsari L, Mahdavi V, Keikavousi Behbahan A, Mousavi Khaneghah A. Simultaneous multi-determination of pesticide residues in pistachio from Iran’s market: A probabilistic health risk assessment study. J Food Compost Anal 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2021.104085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Thai VN, Dehbandi R, Fakhri Y, Sarafraz M, Nematolahi A, Dehghani SS, Gholizadeh A, Mousavi Khaneghah A. Potentially Toxic Elements (PTEs) in the Fillet of Narrow-Barred Spanish Mackerel (Scomberomorus commerson): a Global Systematic Review, Meta-analysis and Risk Assessment. Biol Trace Elem Res 2021; 199:3497-3509. [PMID: 33180263 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-020-02476-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The contamination of seafood like narrow-barred Spanish mackerel (Scomberomorus commerson) fillets by potentially toxic elements (PTEs) has converted to worldwide health concerns. In this regard, the related citations regarding the concentration of PTEs in fillets of narrow-barred Spanish mackerel were collected through some of the international databases such as Scopus, Cochrane, PubMed, and Scientific Information Database (SID) up to 10 March 2020. The concentration of PTEs in fillets of narrow-barred Spanish mackerel fish was meta-analyzed and the health risk (non-carcinogenic risk) was estimated by the total target hazard quotient (TTHQ). The meta-analysis of data indicated that the rank order of PTEs in fillet of narrow-barred Spanish mackerel was Fe (10,853.29 μg/kg-ww) > Zn (4007.00 μg/kg-ww) > Cu (1005.66 μg/kg-ww) > total Cr (544.14 μg/kg-ww) > Mn (515.93 μg/kg-ww) > Ni (409.90 μg/kg-ww) > Pb (180.99 μg/kg-ww) > As (93.11 μg/kg-ww) > methyl Hg (66.60 μg/kg-ww) > Cd (66.03 μg/kg-ww). The rank order of health risk assessment based on the country by the aid of TTHQ for adult consumers was Malaysia (0.22251) > Philippines (0.21912) > Egypt (0.08684) > Taiwan (0.07430) > Bahrain (0.04893) > Iran (0.03528) > China (0.00620) > Pakistan (0.00316) > Yemen (0.00157) > India (0.00073). In addition, the rank order of health risk assessment based on the country by the aid of TTHQ for child consumers was Malaysia (1.03838) > Philippines (1.02257) > Egypt (0.40523) > Taiwan (0.34674) > Bahrain (0.22832) > Iran (0.16466) > China (0.02892) > Pakistan (0.01474) > Yemen (0.00731) > India (0.00340). Therefore, the children in Malaysia and the Philippines were at considerable non-carcinogenic risk. Hence, approaching the recommended control plans in order to decrease the non-carcinogenic risk associated with the ingestion of PTEs via the consumption of narrow-barred Spanish mackerel fish fillets is crucial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Van Nam Thai
- Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HUTECH) 475A, Dien Bien Phu, Ward 25, Binh Thanh District, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Reza Dehbandi
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Health Sciences Research Center, Faculty of Health, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Yadolah Fakhri
- Food Health Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran.
| | - Mansour Sarafraz
- Environmental Health Research Center, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Health, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Amene Nematolahi
- Department of Food Safety and Hygiene, School of Health, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
| | - Seyedeh Samaneh Dehghani
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Student Research Committee, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Abdolmajid Gholizadeh
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
| | - Amin Mousavi Khaneghah
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Engineering, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
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12
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Taghizadeh SF, Azizi M, Rezaee R, Giesy JP, Karimi G. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, pesticides, and metals in olive: analysis and probabilistic risk assessment. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:39723-39741. [PMID: 33759105 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-13348-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, levels of 22 pesticides, eight metals, and 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in 1800 Iranian olive samples (20 cultivars from six different cultivation zones), were determined; then, health risk posed by oral consumption of the olive samples to Iranian consumers was assessed. Quantification of PAHs and pesticides was done by chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and metal levels were determined using inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). There were no significant differences among the cultivars and zones in terms of the levels of the tested compounds. Target hazard quotients (THQ) were <1.0 for all pesticides, and total hazard indices (HI) indicated di minimis risk. At the 25th or 95th centiles, Incremental Life Time Cancer Risks (ILCRs) for carcinogenic elements, arsenic, and lead and noncarcinogenic metals did not exhibit a significant hazard (HI <1.0 for both cases). At the 25th or 95th centiles, ILCR and margins of exposure (MoE) for PAHs indicated di minimis risk. Sensitivity analysis showed that concentrations of contaminants had the most significant effect on carcinogenic and noncarcinogenic risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyedeh Faezeh Taghizadeh
- Department of Horticultural Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, P. O. Box, 1365-91775, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Majid Azizi
- Department of Horticultural Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ramin Rezaee
- Clinical Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - John P Giesy
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences and Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA
- Department of Zoology and Center for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Gholamreza Karimi
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, P. O. Box, 1365-91775, Mashhad, Iran.
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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13
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Esmaeili Z, Hosseinzadeh Samani B, Nemati A, Nazari F, Rostami S. Development of novel green pesticide system by using cold plasma to control
Plodia
interpunctella
in pistachio. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.15621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Esmaeili
- Department of Mechanical Engineering of Biosystem Shahrekord University Shahrekord Iran
| | | | - Alireza Nemati
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture Shahrekord University Shahrekord Iran
| | - Firouzeh Nazari
- Food and Drug Affairs Iran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Sajad Rostami
- Department of Mechanical Engineering of Biosystem Shahrekord University Shahrekord Iran
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14
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Mahdavi V, Eslami Z, Golmohammadi G, Tajdar-oranj B, Keikavousi Behbahan A, Mousavi Khaneghah A. Simultaneous determination of multiple pesticide residues in Iranian saffron: A probabilistic health risk assessment. J Food Compost Anal 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2021.103915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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15
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Vasseghian Y, Berkani M, Almomani F, Dragoi EN. Data mining for pesticide decontamination using heterogeneous photocatalytic processes. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 270:129449. [PMID: 33418218 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.129449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Pesticides are chemical compounds used to kill pests and weeds. Due to their nature, pesticides are potentially toxic to many organisms, including humans. Among the various methods used to decontaminate pesticides from the environment, the heterogeneous photocatalytic process is one of the most effective approaches. This study focuses on artificial intelligence (AI) techniques used to generate optimum predictive models for pesticide decontamination processes using heterogeneous photocatalytic processes. In the present study, 537 valid cases from 45 articles from January 2000 to April 2020 were filtered based on their content collected and analyzed. Based on cross-industry standard process (CRISP) methodology, a set of four classifiers were applied: Decision Trees (DT), Bayesian Network (BN), Support Vector Machines (SVM), and Feed Forward Multilayer Perceptron Neural Networks (MLP). To compare the accuracy of the selected algorithms, accuracy, and sensitivity criteria were applied. After the final analysis, the DT classification algorithm with seven factors of prediction, the accuracy of 91.06%, and sensitivity of 80.32% was selected as the optimal predictor model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasser Vasseghian
- Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang 550000, Vietnam; The Faculty of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Duy Tan University, Da Nang 550000, Vietnam.
| | - Mohammed Berkani
- Laboratoire Biotechnologies, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Biotechnologie, Ville Universitaire Ali Mendjeli, BP E66 25100, Constantine, Algeria.
| | - Fares Almomani
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Qatar University, P. O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - Elena-Niculina Dragoi
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Protection "Cristofor Simionescu", "Gheorghe Asachi" Technical University, Iasi, Bld Mangeron No 73, 700050, Romania
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16
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Carducci AL, Agodi A, Ancona C, Angelini P, Bagordo F, Barbone F, Birbaum L, Carreri V, Casuccio A, Conti A, Conversano M, De Donno A, De Giglio O, Desiante F, Di Pietro A, Dogliotti E, Donato F, Fara GM, Fiore M, Forastiere F, Giammanco G, Izzotti A, Montagna MT, Oliveri Conti G, Petronio MG, Sciacca S, Signorelli C, Testai E, Verani M, Vinceti M, Vitale F, Ferrante M, Adani G, Berghella L, Calia C, Calzolari R, Canale A, Castiglione D, Conti A, Copat C, Cristaldi A, Cuffari G, Coronel Vargas G, De Vita E, De Nard F, Federigi I, Filippini T, Grasso A, Leonardi N, Letzgus M, Lo Bianco G, Mazzucco W, Nicolosi I, Orlandi P, Paladino G, Pizzo S, Pousis C, Raffo M, Rivolta S, Scarpitta F, Trani G, Triggiano F, Tumbarello A, Vecchio V, Zuccarello P, Vassallo M. Impact of the environment on the health: From theory to practice. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 194:110517. [PMID: 33271142 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.110517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The Erice 56 Charter titled "Impact of the environment on the health: from theory to practice" was unanimously approved at the end of the 56th course of the "International School of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine G. D'Alessandro" held from 3rd to November 7, 2019 in Erice - Sicily (Italy) and promoted by the Study Group of "Environment and Health" of the Italian Society of Hygiene, Preventive Medicine and Public Health. The course, that included lectures, open discussions and guided working groups, was aimed to provide a general training on epidemiological and toxicological aspects of the environmental health impact, to be used by public health professionals for risk assessment, without forgetting the risk communications. At the end of the course 12 key points were agreed among teachers and students: they underlined the need of specific training and research, in the perspective of "One Health" and "Global Health", also facing emerging scientific and methodological issues and focusing on communication towards stakeholders. This Discussion highlight the need to improve knowledge of Health and Environment topic in all sectors of health and environmental prevention and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- A L Carducci
- Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Italy
| | - A Agodi
- Department of Medical Science, Surgical and Advanced Technologies "G.F. Ingrassia", University of Catania, Italy
| | - C Ancona
- Department of Epidemiology of the Regional Health Service, Lazio Region, Rome, Italy
| | - P Angelini
- Public Health Service, Emilia-Romagna Region, Italy
| | - F Bagordo
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, Italy
| | - F Barbone
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Italy
| | - L Birbaum
- Office of the Director, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - V Carreri
- Past-President of Italian Society of Hygiene (SItI), Italy
| | - A Casuccio
- Department of Health Promotion, Maternal and Infant Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, "G. D'Alessandro", University of Palermo, Italy
| | - A Conti
- Regional Agency for Environmental Protection of Sicily, Italy
| | - M Conversano
- Department of Public Health, ASL, Taranto, Italy
| | - A De Donno
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, Italy
| | - O De Giglio
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Section of Hygiene, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Italy
| | - F Desiante
- Department of Prevention, Local Health Authority of Taranto, Taranto, Italy
| | - A Di Pietro
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, Italy
| | - E Dogliotti
- Department of Environmental and Health. Istituto Superiore di Sanità. Rome, Italy
| | - F Donato
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences, And Public Health, University of Brescia, Italy
| | - G M Fara
- International School of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine «Giuseppe D'Alessandro», Erice, Trapani, Italy
| | - M Fiore
- Department of Medical Science, Surgical and Advanced Technologies "G.F. Ingrassia", University of Catania, Italy
| | - F Forastiere
- Department of Epidemiology of the Regional Health Service, Lazio Region, Rome, Italy
| | - G Giammanco
- International School of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine «Giuseppe D'Alessandro», Erice, Trapani, Italy
| | - A Izzotti
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - M T Montagna
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Section of Hygiene, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Italy
| | - G Oliveri Conti
- Department of Medical Science, Surgical and Advanced Technologies "G.F. Ingrassia", University of Catania, Italy
| | - M G Petronio
- Health and Environment-Department of Prevention, Local Health Authority-Empoli, Florence, Italy
| | - S Sciacca
- Department of Medical Science, Surgical and Advanced Technologies "G.F. Ingrassia", University of Catania, Italy
| | - C Signorelli
- University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - E Testai
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Environment & Health Dept., Rome, Italy
| | - M Verani
- Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Italy
| | - M Vinceti
- Section of Public Health, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - F Vitale
- Department of Health Promotion, Maternal and Infant Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, "G. D'Alessandro", University of Palermo, Italy
| | - M Ferrante
- Department of Medical Science, Surgical and Advanced Technologies "G.F. Ingrassia", University of Catania, Italy.
| | - G Adani
- Section of Public Health, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - L Berghella
- Section of Public Health, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - C Calia
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Section of Hygiene, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Italy
| | - R Calzolari
- Regional Agency for Environmental Protection of Sicily, Italy
| | - A Canale
- Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Italy
| | - D Castiglione
- Department of Medical Science, Surgical and Advanced Technologies "G.F. Ingrassia", University of Catania, Italy
| | - A Conti
- Regional Agency for Environmental Protection of Sicily, Italy
| | - C Copat
- Department of Medical Science, Surgical and Advanced Technologies "G.F. Ingrassia", University of Catania, Italy
| | - A Cristaldi
- Department of Medical Science, Surgical and Advanced Technologies "G.F. Ingrassia", University of Catania, Italy
| | - G Cuffari
- Regional Agency for Environmental Protection of Sicily, Italy
| | - G Coronel Vargas
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - E De Vita
- Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Italy
| | | | - I Federigi
- Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Italy
| | - T Filippini
- Section of Public Health, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - A Grasso
- Department of Medical Science, Surgical and Advanced Technologies "G.F. Ingrassia", University of Catania, Italy
| | - N Leonardi
- University Center for the Protection and Management of Natural Environments and Agrosystems (CUTGANA), University of Catania, Italy
| | | | | | - W Mazzucco
- Department of Health Promotion, Maternal and Infant Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, "G. D'Alessandro", University of Palermo, Italy
| | - I Nicolosi
- Department of Medical Science, Surgical and Advanced Technologies "G.F. Ingrassia", University of Catania, Italy
| | - P Orlandi
- Local Health Authority of Rome, Italy
| | - G Paladino
- Department of Medical Science, Surgical and Advanced Technologies "G.F. Ingrassia", University of Catania, Italy
| | - S Pizzo
- Department of Health Promotion, Maternal and Infant Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, "G. D'Alessandro", University of Palermo, Italy
| | - C Pousis
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Section of Hygiene, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Italy
| | - M Raffo
- Local Health Authority of Rome, Italy
| | | | - F Scarpitta
- Department of Health Promotion, Maternal and Infant Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, "G. D'Alessandro", University of Palermo, Italy
| | - G Trani
- Central Health Department of the Friuli Venezia Giulia Region, Trieste, Italy
| | - F Triggiano
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Section of Hygiene, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Italy
| | | | - V Vecchio
- Department of Medical Science, Surgical and Advanced Technologies "G.F. Ingrassia", University of Catania, Italy
| | - P Zuccarello
- Department of Medical Science, Surgical and Advanced Technologies "G.F. Ingrassia", University of Catania, Italy
| | - M Vassallo
- Department of Medical Science, Surgical and Advanced Technologies "G.F. Ingrassia", University of Catania, Italy
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17
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Atamaleki A, Yazdanbakhsh A, Fallah S, Hesami M, Neshat A, Fakhri Y. Accumulation of potentially harmful elements (PHEs) in lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) and coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) irrigated with wastewater: a systematic review and meta-analysis and probabilistic health risk assessment. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:13072-13082. [PMID: 33486683 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-12105-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Water shortage and stress around the world lead to increasing wastewater reuse for the agricultural sector. In addition to its benefits, it can be a way to transfer pollutants such as potentially harmful elements (PHEs) to the human food chain. Many studies have been conducted for this purpose on various vegetables; however, no comprehensive study has been performed on lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) and coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.). In this respect, the study was aimed to meta-analyze the PHEs concentration in the edible part of lettuce and coriander vegetables irrigated by wastewater. Carcinogenic risk (CR) and noncarcinogenic risk (non-CR) assessments were also done for consumers. After reviewing 32 included articles (41 studies), the rank order of the PHEs in lettuce was obtained as Fe (194.76 mg/kg) > Zn (133.47 mg/kg) > Cu (55.70 mg/kg) > Ni (26.96 mg/kg) > Pb (12.80 mg/kg) > Cr (9.68 mg/kg) Cd (8.24 mg/kg) > As (1.13 mg/kg) and for coriander Fe (1056 mg/kg) > Zn (79.80 mg/kg) > Cr (28.34 mg/kg) > Ni (24.71 mg/kg) > Cu (17.46 mg/kg) > Pb (13.23 mg/kg) > Cd (2.23 mg/kg). Total target hazard quotient (TTHQ) for adults in all countries except UAE, France, and Kenya and for children all countries except Kenya was more than 1 value. The carcinogenic risk for adult groups in Nigeria, France, China, and Iran countries was not acceptable (CR > 1E-4). As a consequence, it can be noted that wastewater reuse in the agriculture sector can endanger the health of consumers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Atamaleki
- Student Research Committee, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmadreza Yazdanbakhsh
- Workplace Health Promotion Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Sevda Fallah
- School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Hesami
- Student Research Committee, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Research Center for Environmental Health Technology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Yadolah Fakhri
- Food Health Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran.
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18
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Heshmati A, Mehri F, Mousavi Khaneghah A. Simultaneous multi-determination of pesticide residues in black tea leaves and infusion: a risk assessment study. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:13725-13735. [PMID: 33197000 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-11658-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the concentration of 33 pesticide residues in 60 black tea samples collected from Iran, determine their transfer rate, and assess their health risk during brewing. Pesticide extraction and analysis were performed by using a quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe (QuEChERS) method and gas chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS), respectively. The limits of detection (LOD) and the limits of quantification (LOQ) of pesticides were ranged 0.1-7.26 and 0.8-24 μg/kg for dried tea leaves and 0.03-3.1 and 0.09-10 μg/L for the tea infusion, respectively. The levels of pesticide residue in 52 (86.67%) out of 60 tea samples were above the LOD (0.1-7.26 μg/kg). Twenty four (40%) of the samples contained pesticides in a concentration higher than the maximum residue limit (MRL) set by the European Commission (EC). Seven out of 33 validated pesticides were detected in dried tea leaf samples that only four of seven, including buprofezin, chlorpyrifos, hexaconazole, and triflumizole, were transferred into tea infusion, demonstrating that the concentrations of pesticides in infusion were raised during brewing. The risk assessment study for detected pesticides in the tea infusion samples indicated that this beverage consumption was safe for consumers, while the mean residue of some pesticides in positive samples was higher than the MRL; therefore, periodic control of these pesticides should be regularly implemented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Heshmati
- Nutrition Health Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Fereshteh Mehri
- Nutrition Health Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
| | - Amin Mousavi Khaneghah
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Engineering, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Rua Monteiro Lobato, 80. Caixa Postal: 6121, Campinas, São Paulo, CEP: 13083-862, Brazil.
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19
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Alipour M, Sarafraz M, Chavoshi H, Bay A, Nematollahi A, Sadani M, Fakhri Y, Vasseghian Y, Mousavi Khaneghah A. The concentration and probabilistic risk assessment of potentially toxic elements in fillets of silver pomfret (Pampus argenteus): A global systematic review and meta-analysis. J Environ Sci (China) 2021; 100:167-180. [PMID: 33279029 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2020.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 07/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The contamination of fish type products such as silver pomfret fish fillets by potentially toxic elements (PTEs) has raised global health concerns. Related studies regarding the concentration of PTEs in fillets of silver pomfret fish were retrieved among some international databases such as Scopus, PubMed and Embase between 1 January 1983 and 10 March 2020. The pooled (mean) concentration of PTEs in fillets of silver pomfret fish was meta-analyzed with the aid of a random-effect model (REM). Also, the non-carcinogenic risk was estimated via calculating the 95th percentile of the total target hazard quotient (TTHQ). The meta-analysis of 21 articles (containing 25 studies or data reports) indicated that the ranking of PTEs in fillets of silver pomfret fish was Fe (11,414.81 µg/kg wet weight, ww) > Zn (6055.72 µg/kg ww) > Cr (1825.79 µg/kg ww) > Pb (1486.44 µg/kg ww) > Se (1053.47 µg/kg ww) > Cd (992.50 µg/kg ww) > Ni (745.23 µg/kg ww) > Cu (669.71 µg/kg ww) > total As (408.24 µg/kg ww) > Co (87.03 µg/kg ww) > methyl Hg (46.58 µg/kg ww). The rank order of health risk assessment by country based on the TTHQ for adult consumers was Malaysia (2.500) > Bangladesh (0.886) > Iran (0.144) > China (0.045) > Pakistan (0.020) > India (0.015), while the corresponding values for child consumers was Malaysia (11.790) > Bangladesh (4.146) > Iran (0.675) > China (0.206) > Pakistan (0.096) > India (0.077). The adult consumers in Malaysia and children in Malaysia and Bangladesh were at considerable non-carcinogenic risk. Therefore, following the recommended control plans in order to reduce the health risk associated with the ingestion of PTEs via consumption of silver pomfret fish fillets is crucial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammadreza Alipour
- Student Research Committee, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1417653911, Iran
| | - Mansour Sarafraz
- Student Research Committee, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1417653911, Iran
| | - Hossein Chavoshi
- Department of Anatomy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1417653911, Iran
| | - Abotaleb Bay
- Environmental Health Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Golestan, 4934174515, Iran
| | - Amene Nematollahi
- Department of Food Safety and Hygiene, School of Health, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, 8668874616, Iran
| | - Mohsen Sadani
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1417653911, Iran.
| | - Yadolah Fakhri
- Food Health Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, 7916839319, Iran.
| | - Yasser Vasseghian
- Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang 550000, Vietnam
| | - Amin Mousavi Khaneghah
- Department of Food Science Faculty of Food Engineering, University of Campinas (Unicamp), Rua Monteiro Lobato 80 Caixa 6121 Campinas, São Paulo, 13083-862, Brazil
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20
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Gavahian M, Sarangapani C, Misra NN. Cold plasma for mitigating agrochemical and pesticide residue in food and water: Similarities with ozone and ultraviolet technologies. Food Res Int 2021; 141:110138. [PMID: 33642005 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2021.110138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Pesticide and agrochemical residues in food and water are among hazardous chemicals that are associated with adverse health effects. Consequently, technologies for pesticide abatement in food and water remain in focus. Cold plasma is an emerging decontamination technology, that is being increasingly explored for the abatement of agrochemical and pesticide residue in food and water. In some cases, rapid and complete degradation of pesticide residues has come to light. Such promising results encourage exploring scale-up and commercialization. To achieve this, unraveling mechanisms involved in plasma decontamination and the nature of degradation products is needed. The present review identifies the mechanisms involved in plasma- assisted removal of pesticide residues from food and water, draws parallels with mechanism of ozone and ultraviolet technologies, investigates the chemistry of the intermediates and degradates, and identifies some future research needs. The review recognizes that mechanisms involved in plasma processes have overlapping similarities to those identified for ozone and ultraviolet light, involving oxidation by hydroxyl radical and photo-oxidation. The toxicity of intermediates and degradates in plasma processing have not received much attention. The safety aspects of end products form plasma led degradation of pesticides should be considered for practical exploitation. Identification of intermediates and degradation products, recognition of most potent plasma species, understanding the influence of co-existing entities, the energy efficiency of plasma reactors, and the process economics deserve research focus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Gavahian
- Department of Food Science, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan, ROC.
| | - Chaitanya Sarangapani
- School of Food Science and Environmental health, Technological University Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - N N Misra
- Department of Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Nova Scotia, Canada
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21
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Chen H, Liu X, Wang H, Wu S, Li J, Jin C, Xu H. Polyurea microencapsulate suspension: An efficient carrier for enhanced herbicidal activity of pretilachlor and reducing its side effects. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 402:123744. [PMID: 33254770 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.123744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In this study, Pretilachlor polyurea microencapsulate suspension (PMS) with effective controlled release function was carefully prepared. Under the optimal conditions, wall material PM-200 dosage 4%, emulsifier T-60 dosage 4% with S-20 as solvent, the prepared PMS was demonstrated to have encapsulation efficiency approaching to 95.27 ± 0.57 % and high suspension rates of 97.33 ± 0.49 %. Afterwards, PMS was proved to possess average release rate reached to 85.56 %, 55.46 % and 15.85 % respectively in acidic, basic and natural medium. Subsequently, the herbicidal activity of PMS on barnyard grass and the growth safety of rice were evaluated. PMS showed enhanced herbicidal activity against barnyard grass and had lower toxicity to rice growth compared with technical pretilachlor at dose 270-540 g (a.i.)/hm2. In addition, the use safety of PMS was validated to be comparable to that of commercially available pretilachlor emulsifiable concentrate containing additive safener at dose 270-540 g (a.i.)/hm2. Moreover, inhibitory effect of PMS on rice growth was demonstrated to completely eliminated by cooperatively treatment with fenclorim. It was concluded that PMS had enhanced herbicidal activity and application safety, meeting the requirements of minimizing adverse effects of the herbicide on the environment, and enjoying a great application potential in agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjun Chen
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Fine Ceramics and Powder Materials, School of Materials and Environmental Engineering, Hunan University of Humanities, Science and Technology, Loudi, 417000, PR China
| | - Xiu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide Harmless Application of Hunan Higher Education/Collaborative Innovation Center for Farmland Weeds Control Techniques and Application of Hunan Provience, Loudi, 417000, PR China; Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China.
| | - Hongkun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide Harmless Application of Hunan Higher Education/Collaborative Innovation Center for Farmland Weeds Control Techniques and Application of Hunan Provience, Loudi, 417000, PR China; Forestry Bureau of Lanshan County, Lanshan, 425800, PR China
| | - Siyu Wu
- Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
| | - Jingbo Li
- Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
| | - Chenzhong Jin
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide Harmless Application of Hunan Higher Education/Collaborative Innovation Center for Farmland Weeds Control Techniques and Application of Hunan Provience, Loudi, 417000, PR China.
| | - Hanhong Xu
- Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
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22
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Bibi I, Shahid M, Niazi NK, Younas F, Naqvi SR, Shaheen SM, Imran M, Wang H, Hussaini KM, Zhang H, Rinklebe J. Hydrogeochemical and health risk evaluation of arsenic in shallow and deep aquifers along the different floodplains of Punjab, Pakistan. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 402:124074. [PMID: 33254839 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.124074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The current study delineated the distribution, (hydro)geochemical behavior and health risk of arsenic (As) in shallow (depth < 35 m; handpumps and electric pumps) and deep (depth > 35 m; tube wells) aquifers in five areas along the Indus River (Bhakar, Kallur Kot), Jhelum River (Jhelum) and Chenab River (Hafizabad, Gujranwala) floodplains of Punjab, Pakistan. Relatively, greater As concentration was observed in deep wells (mean: 24.3 µg L-1) compared to shallow wells (19.4 µg L-1), with groundwater As spanning 0.1-121.7 µg L-1 (n = 133) in three floodplains. Groundwater from Hafizabad (Chenab River floodplain) possessed the highest As (121.7 µg L-1), Na+ (180 mg L-1), Ca2+ (95 mg L-1), Cl- (101 mg L-1) and SO42- (1353 mg L-1) concentrations. Arsenic health risk modeling indicated the potential carcinogenic (value > 10-4) and non-carcinogenic (hazard quotient > 1.0) risks for groundwater of all areas, with the utmost risk estimated for Chenab floodplain and deep aquifers. Positive saturation index values for Fe oxide mineral phases may suggest their potential role in As mobilization/release in these aquifer environments. This study provides critically-important and baseline knowledge for a widespread groundwater As examination along these three floodplains, which is vital for launching suitable As mitigation and remediation programs to reduce the potential health risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irshad Bibi
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Shahid
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari Campus, 61100, Pakistan
| | - Nabeel Khan Niazi
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan; School of Civil Engineering and Surveying, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba 4350, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Fazila Younas
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan
| | - Salman Raza Naqvi
- School of Chemical & Materials Engineering, National University of Sciences & Technology, 44000H-12 Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Sabry M Shaheen
- University of Wuppertal, School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Institute of Foundation Engineering, Water, and Waste-Management, Laboratory of Soil- and Groundwater-Management, Pauluskirchstraße 7, 42285 Wuppertal, Germany; King Abdulaziz University, Faculty of Meteorology, Environment, and Arid Land Agriculture, Department of Arid Land Agriculture, 21589 Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; University of Kafrelsheikh, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Soil and Water Sciences, 33516 Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt
| | - Muhammad Imran
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari Campus, 61100, Pakistan
| | - Hailong Wang
- Biochar Engineering Technology Research Center of Guangdong Province, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528000, China
| | - Khalid Mahmud Hussaini
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan
| | - Hua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550081, China
| | - Jörg Rinklebe
- University of Wuppertal, School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Institute of Foundation Engineering, Water, and Waste-Management, Laboratory of Soil- and Groundwater-Management, Pauluskirchstraße 7, 42285 Wuppertal, Germany; Department of Environment, Energy and Geoinformatics, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
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23
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Karami H, Shariatifar N, Nazmara S, Moazzen M, Mahmoodi B, Mousavi Khaneghah A. The Concentration and Probabilistic Health Risk of Potentially Toxic Elements (PTEs) in Edible Mushrooms (Wild and Cultivated) Samples Collected from Different Cities of Iran. Biol Trace Elem Res 2021; 199:389-400. [PMID: 32314140 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-020-02130-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The present study was devoted to investigate the PTE concentrations including cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), copper(Cu), iron (Fe), mercury (Hg), manganese (Mn), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb), arsenic(As), and zinc (Zn) among six types of edible wild, 23 cultivated mushroom samples collected from Iran's market by the aid of an inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). Also, the related health risk assessment was established by the aid of the Monte Carlo simulation method (MSC). The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) were ranged 0.001-0.048 and 0.003-0.160 ppm, respectively. The concentrations of As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn were determined in the ranges of 0.003-11. 5, 0.0008-5.89, 0.32-26.32, 9.15-110.08, 15.25-751.17, 0.16-2.24, 2.1-60.47, 1.21-24.22, 0.16-8.92, and 37.13-268.11 mg kg-1, respectively. According to findings, highest mean concentration of Cr in both types of mushrooms (cultivated and wild) was lower than recommended level by Codex Alimentarius/Food and Agriculture Organization/World Health Organization (CODEX/FAO/WHO) while the corresponding values for Hg (0.87 mg kg-1), As (1.39 mg kg-1), Ni (10.08 mg kg-1), Cu (36.65 mg kg-1), Cr (10.44 mg kg-1), Cd (0.589 mg kg-1), Fe (201.04 mg kg-1), Mn (10.30 mg kg-1), Zn (2266.43 mg kg-1), and Pb (3.81 mg kg-1) were higher than related standard levels. According to the health risk assessment, no concern regarding the non-carcinogenic risk due to the ingestion of PTEs via the consumption of the edible mushrooms, except Hg in wild mushrooms for children, was noted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadis Karami
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nabi Shariatifar
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Shahrokh Nazmara
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Moazzen
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Babak Mahmoodi
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amin Mousavi Khaneghah
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Engineering, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
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24
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Li JY, Zhang L, Wang Q, Xu J, Yin J, Chen Y, Gong Y, Kelly BC, Jin L. Applicability of Equilibrium Sampling in Informing Tissue Residues and Dietary Risks of Legacy and Current-Use Organic Chemicals in Aquaculture. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2021; 40:79-87. [PMID: 33090545 DOI: 10.1002/etc.4912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Equilibrium sampling based on silicone polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) has been used to determine the concentrations of freely dissolved hydrophobic organic compounds (HOCs) and assess the thermodynamic potentials for bioaccumulation of these compounds in the aquatic environment. This allows the use of PDMS-based sampling techniques in assisting conventional sampling and extraction methods for the determination of the concentrations of HOCs in aquaculture products. The present study is an ex situ demonstration of how well PDMS can inform the tissue residues and dietary risks of legacy or current-use organic chemicals in aquaculture species from farm ponds in eastern China. For legacy contaminants such as polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs, n = 10), good agreement between the predicted concentrations based on PDMS and the measured lipid-normalized concentrations was observed for 60% of the studied biota, including both pelagic and benthic species. For pesticides currently used, such as pyrethroid (PE) (n = 4) and organophosphate pesticides (OPPs, n = 7), the measured tissue residues were consistently higher than those predicted by PDMS, possibly caused by the continuous input from the surroundings. For the organochlorine pesticides (OCPs, n = 5), the only detected chemical was also underestimated. Adjusted by ingestion rates of aquaculture products and toxicology data, the target hazard quotients of these chemicals predicted from PDMS were generally comparable to those derived from measured concentrations in tissue because of the predominance of PBDEs. Overall, PDMS-based equilibrium sampling offered an alternative approach for the prediction of tissue residues and dietary risks of PBDEs. Moreover, it should be applied with caution for PEs, OPPs, and OCPs. Improving the application of PDMS for these chemicals in farm ponds warrants future study. Environ Toxicol Chem 2021;40:79-87. © 2020 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan-Ying Li
- College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Pudong, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Zhang
- College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Pudong, Shanghai, China
| | - Qian Wang
- College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Pudong, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiayan Xu
- College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Pudong, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Yin
- College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Pudong, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiqin Chen
- College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Pudong, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiwen Gong
- College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Pudong, Shanghai, China
| | - Barry C Kelly
- Faculty of Environment, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Ling Jin
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong
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25
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Omwenga I, Kanja L, Zomer P, Louisse J, Rietjens IMCM, Mol H. Organophosphate and carbamate pesticide residues and accompanying risks in commonly consumed vegetables in Kenya. FOOD ADDITIVES & CONTAMINANTS PART B-SURVEILLANCE 2020; 14:48-58. [PMID: 33353480 DOI: 10.1080/19393210.2020.1861661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The current study was conducted to assess the levels of organophosphates and carbamates in vegetables in Kenya and to examine potential consumer health risks. A total of 90 samples were analysed by liquid chromatography/high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry. Residues of acephate, chlorpyrifos, methamidophos, omethoate and profenofos were found in 22% of the samples, ranging from 10 to 1343 μg/kg. The EU MRL was exceeded in 21%, 10%, 8% and 22% of the samples of French beans, kales, spinach and tomatoes, respectively. Chlorpyrifos in spinach had an acute HQ of 3.3 and 2.2 for children and adults, respectively, implying that potential health risks with respect to acute dietary exposure cannot be excluded. For chronic dietary exposure, all chronic HQs were below 1. The HI for the pesticides was 0.54 and 0.34 for children and adults. Routine monitoring of OPs and carbamates in vegetables is recommended to minimise consumer's health risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac Omwenga
- Division of Toxicology, Wageningen University and Research , Wageningen, The Netherlands.,Department of Public Health, Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Nairobi , Nairobi, Kenya.,Department of Animal Science, Meru University of Science and Technology , Meru, Kenya
| | - Laetitia Kanja
- Department of Public Health, Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Nairobi , Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Paul Zomer
- Wageningen Food Safety Research, Part of Wageningen University and Research , Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jochem Louisse
- Wageningen Food Safety Research, Part of Wageningen University and Research , Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ivonne M C M Rietjens
- Division of Toxicology, Wageningen University and Research , Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Hans Mol
- Wageningen Food Safety Research, Part of Wageningen University and Research , Wageningen, The Netherlands
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26
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Cui Y, Ke R, Gao W, Tian F, Wang Y, Jiang G. Analysis of Organochlorine Pesticide Residues in Various Vegetable Oils Collected in Chinese Markets. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:14594-14602. [PMID: 33186497 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c05227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), chemicals frequently used in agriculture, are a group of highly toxic and persistent organic pollutants. This study assesses the distribution and congener profiles of residual OCPs in 11 types of vegetable oils collected from Chinese markets. All samples were extracted using the modified QuEChERS method prior to analysis by gas chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry. The sesame oil samples had the highest concentration of OCPs, within the range of 15.30-59.38 ng/g, whereas the peanut oil samples had the lowest OCP concentrations, within the range of 10.83-35.65 ng/g. The possible effect of the processing technology on the pesticide residues in these vegetable oils was also evaluated. It was found that the pressing method leaves more OCPs in vegetable oils than the aqueous extraction and cold-pressing, but the result for leaching was not obvious. In light of the obtained results, it was estimated that the average daily intake of different pesticides is between 0.01 and 2.20 ng/kg bw/day for urban and rural households. Hence, it can be affirmed that, given the amount of the concentration of OCPs detected in the vegetable oils collected from Chinese markets, there are no obvious health risks for urban and rural households by intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Cui
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- Sino-Danish College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Runhui Ke
- Chinese National Research Institute of Food & Fermentation Industries Co., Ltd, Beijing 100016, China
| | - Wei Gao
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Feifei Tian
- Shimadzu Global COE for Application & Technical Development, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Yawei Wang
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, UCAS, Hangzhou 310000, China
- Sino-Danish College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Guibin Jiang
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
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27
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Murtaza B, Nazeer H, Amjad M, Imran M, Shahid M, Shah NS, Farooq ABU, Amjad M, Murtaza G. Hydrogeochemical investigation of arsenic in drinking water of schools and age dependent risk assessment in Vehari District, Punjab Pakistan: a multivariate analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:30530-30541. [PMID: 32468366 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-09334-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Globally, a large number of school-aged children is suffering from water-borne diseases, particularly in low-income countries. Arsenic (As) is a hazardous and potentially carcinogenic metal(loid) in drinking water. Nowadays, alarming levels of As have been reported in the groundwater of Vehari District, Punjab Pakistan. In this study, drinking water supplies for high and higher secondary schools were examined in Vehari District. A total of 164 water samples were collected from schools and subjected to heavy metal(loid) analysis (As) and basic water physicochemical parameters. The results were analyzed with respect to sampling area, school type, school education level, sources of sample collection, and the depth of the source. The results revealed that As concentration of water samples in boys' and girls' schools was 12.8 μg/L and 9.2 μg/L, respectively. However, when the As concentration in drinking water was evaluated at the school education level, a notable higher concentration of As was observed in the higher secondary schools than the high schools with an average of 19.5 and 9.7 μg/L, respectively. The risk assessment indices were calculated based on education level and different age groups of the children (primary, elementary, high, and higher secondary). High carcinogenic (cancer risk = 0.001) and non-carcinogenic (hazard quotient = 2.0) risks were noted for the children in higher secondary school. The current findings anticipated that the drinking water of schools in Vehari District did not meet the requirement of the World Health Organization (WHO) drinking water quality guidelines. Safe drinking water is crucial for the development and growth of children. Therefore, it is important for educational authorities to take steps for provision of As free safe drinking water to students and local inhabitants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behzad Murtaza
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari, 61100, Pakistan.
| | - Humaira Nazeer
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari, 61100, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Amjad
- District Water Testing Laboratory, Public Health Engineering Department, Vehari, 61100, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Imran
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari, 61100, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Shahid
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari, 61100, Pakistan
| | - Noor S Shah
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari, 61100, Pakistan
| | - Abu Bakr Umer Farooq
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari, 61100, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Amjad
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari, 61100, Pakistan
| | - Ghulam Murtaza
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan.
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Oliveri Conti G, Ferrante M, Banni M, Favara C, Nicolosi I, Cristaldi A, Fiore M, Zuccarello P. Micro- and nano-plastics in edible fruit and vegetables. The first diet risks assessment for the general population. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 187:109677. [PMID: 32454310 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.109677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 220] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) represent a current public health concern since toxicity has not yet fully investigated. They were found in several foods, but to the best of our knowledge, at this time no data was reported for the edible vegetables and fruits. We focused on diet exposure aiming to evaluate the number and the size (<10 μm) of MPs in the most commonly consumed vegetables and fruits, in relation to their recommended daily intake too. MPs extraction and analysis were carried out using an innovative Italian methodology and SEM-EDX, respectively. Finally, we calculated the Estimated Daily Intakes (EDIs) for adults and children for each type of vegetal and fruit. The higher median (IQR) level of MPs in fruit and vegetable samples was 223,000 (52,600-307,750) and 97,800 (72,175-130,500), respectively. In particular, apples were the most contaminated fruit samples, while carrot was the most contaminated vegetable. Conversely, the lower median (IQR) level was observed in lettuce samples 52,050 (26,375-75,425). Both vegetable and fruit samples MPs levels were characterized by wide variability. The smallest size of MPs was found in the carrot samples (1.51 μm), while the biggest ones were found in the lettuce (2.52 μm). Both vegetable and fruit samples had size of the MPs characterized by low variability. We found the highest median level of MPs in samples purchased from the "fruiter 3" (124,900 p/g) and the lowest in those purchased in "supermarket" (87,600 p/g). The median size of the MPs had overlapping dimensions in all the purchase sites, with the exception of the samples purchased at the "shop at km zero 2″ which had slightly smaller size (1.81 μm). The highest adults' (4.62 E+05) and children's (1.41 E+06) EDIs are due the ingestion of apples, instead the lowest are due to the ingestion of carrots (adults: 2.96 E+04; children: 1.15 E+05). We hypothesized that the mechanism of uptake and translocation of MPs can be the same described and reported for carbon-nanomaterials. This may be a possible translocation route of MPs by environment to vegetables permitting, so, the translocation or uptake inside of their biological systems. Based on the results obtained it is urgent important to perform toxicological and epidemiological studies to investigate for the possible effects of MPs on human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gea Oliveri Conti
- Environmental and Food Hygiene Laboratory (LIAA), Department of Medical, Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies "G. F. Ingrassia", Catania University, Via Santa Sofia 87, 95123, Catania, Italy.
| | - Margherita Ferrante
- Environmental and Food Hygiene Laboratory (LIAA), Department of Medical, Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies "G. F. Ingrassia", Catania University, Via Santa Sofia 87, 95123, Catania, Italy.
| | - Mohamed Banni
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Environmental Toxicology, Sousse University, Chott-Mariem, 4042, Sousse, Tunisia; Higher Institute of Biotechnology, Monastir University, Tunisia.
| | - Claudia Favara
- Environmental and Food Hygiene Laboratory (LIAA), Department of Medical, Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies "G. F. Ingrassia", Catania University, Via Santa Sofia 87, 95123, Catania, Italy.
| | - Ilenia Nicolosi
- Environmental and Food Hygiene Laboratory (LIAA), Department of Medical, Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies "G. F. Ingrassia", Catania University, Via Santa Sofia 87, 95123, Catania, Italy.
| | - Antonio Cristaldi
- Environmental and Food Hygiene Laboratory (LIAA), Department of Medical, Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies "G. F. Ingrassia", Catania University, Via Santa Sofia 87, 95123, Catania, Italy.
| | - Maria Fiore
- Environmental and Food Hygiene Laboratory (LIAA), Department of Medical, Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies "G. F. Ingrassia", Catania University, Via Santa Sofia 87, 95123, Catania, Italy.
| | - Pietro Zuccarello
- Environmental and Food Hygiene Laboratory (LIAA), Department of Medical, Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies "G. F. Ingrassia", Catania University, Via Santa Sofia 87, 95123, Catania, Italy.
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29
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Heshmati A, Ghadimi S, Ranjbar A, Mousavi Khaneghah A. The influence of processing and clarifier agents on the concentrations of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) in pekmez (a grape molasses-like syrup). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:10342-10350. [PMID: 31933093 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-07607-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The changes in some potentially toxic elements (PTEs) including lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), arsenic (As), iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), and copper (Cu) during pekmez (grape molasses-like syrup) processing and the utilization of various types of clarifiers (white soil, bentonite, and gelatin) in two levels (1.5 and 3% w/w) were analyzed. The average concentrations of Pb, Cd, As, Fe, Zn, and Cu in grape samples were measured as 0.055 ± 0.005, 0.030 ± 0.002, 0.044 ± 0.002, 2.882 ± 0.013, 2.372 ± 0.088, and 1.194 ± 0.01 μg g-1. During pekmez production, the range of changes in Pb, Cd, As, Fe, Zn, and Cu was -43.38% to 40.25%, -55.49% to 0.23%, -76.15% to 1.80%, -74.15% to 58.47%, -40.55% to -18.12%, and -83.16% to -21.39%, respectively. The effect of the clarification process on the PTEs depended on the type and concentration of both PTE and clarifier agent used while the incorporation of gelatin resulted in a significant reduction in all of PT. Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Heshmati
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, Nutrition Health Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Sabah Ghadimi
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, Nutrition Health Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Akram Ranjbar
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, Nutrition Health Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Amin Mousavi Khaneghah
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Engineering, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Rua Monteiro Lobato, 80, Caixa Postal 6121, Campinas, São Paulo, CEP 13083-862, Brazil.
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30
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Kafaei R, Arfaeinia H, Savari A, Mahmoodi M, Rezaei M, Rayani M, Sorial GA, Fattahi N, Ramavandi B. Organochlorine pesticides contamination in agricultural soils of southern Iran. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 240:124983. [PMID: 31726590 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.124983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
There is limited information about pesticide contamination in Iran's agricultural land, particularly in plains producing exportable fruits. The aim of this investigation was to evaluate the concentration of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) including hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH), heptachlor, dichloro-diphenyl-trichloroethane (DDT), chlordane (CHL), and their isomers compounds in agricultural soils of southern Iran. A total of 28 topsoil samples were collected from agricultural lands of Dalaki and Shabankare areas, Bushehr, Iran. In Dalaki area, the mean value of ΣHCH (α, β, γ, δ), ΣDDT (o,p-DDE, o,p-DDD, o,p-DDT, p,p-DDE, p,p-DDD, p,p-DDT, and DDT), and ΣCHL (Trans-chlordane, Cis-chlordane, Heptachlor-exo-epoxide, and Heptachlor) was found to be 0.411 ng/g (dry weight, dw), 4.37 ng/g dw, and 2.04 ng/g dw, respectively. In Shabankare area the mean value of ΣHCH, ΣDDT, and ΣCHL was measured to be 1.38 ng/g dw, 11.99 ng/g dw, and 1.62 ng/g dw, respectively. The concentration trend of pesticides in both areas was as follows: DDT > CHL > HCH. Source identification indicated recent usage of HCH and DDT in the studied areas. Obtaining a cis-chlordane/trans-chlordane ratio greater than one in Shabankare farmlands showed that chlordane was not used recently. The health risk assessment showed that children and adults groups in both areas are exposed to negligible cancer risk. More serious attempts are necessary to reduce usage of OCPs during the agricultural process and the protection of soil and human health in the studied areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raheleh Kafaei
- Student Research Committee, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Arfaeinia
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Health and Nutrition, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran; Systems Environmental Health and Energy Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Arezo Savari
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Health and Nutrition, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Marzieh Mahmoodi
- Department of Biostatistics, Faculty of Health and Nutrition, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Marzieh Rezaei
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Health and Nutrition, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Mohamad Rayani
- The Persian Gulf Research Center for Tropical and Infectious Medicine, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - George A Sorial
- Environmental Engineering Program, Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, College of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, 45221-0012, USA
| | - Nazir Fattahi
- Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Bahman Ramavandi
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Health and Nutrition, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran; Systems Environmental Health and Energy Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran.
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31
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Levels of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in milk and milk powder samples and their likely risk assessment in Iranian population. J Food Compost Anal 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2019.103331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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32
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Fakhri Y, Atamaleki A, Asadi A, Ghasemi SM, Mousavi Khaneghah A. Bioaccumulation of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) in muscle Tilapia spp fish: a systematic review, meta-analysis, and non-carcinogenic risk assessment. TOXIN REV 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/15569543.2019.1690518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yadolah Fakhri
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Student Research Committee, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Atamaleki
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Student Research Committee, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Anvar Asadi
- Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health (RCEDH), Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | | | - Amin Mousavi Khaneghah
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Engineering, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
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33
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Heshmati A, Sadati R, Ghavami M, Mousavi Khaneghah A. The concentration of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) in muscle tissue of farmed Iranian rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), feed, and water samples collected from the west of Iran: a risk assessment study. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:34584-34593. [PMID: 31650477 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-06593-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The pollution of the environment by potentially toxic elements (PTEs) is one of the most important raised concerns. Therefore, the current investigation was devoted to measuring the concentration of lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), elemental mercury (Hg), nickel (Ni), iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), and copper (Cu) in muscle tissue of farmed rainbow trout (n = 30) as well as their feed (n = 15) and water (n = 15) samples collected from farms (Hamadan Province, Iran) by the aid of an inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometer (ICP-OES). Also, the associated risk for human and biomagnification factor (BMF) and bioconcentration factor (BCF) for PTEs in the fish muscle through feed and water were calculated. The mean concentration of Pb, Cd, Hg, Ni, Fe, Zn, and Cu in rainbow trout muscle was reported as 0.056 ± 0.040 μg g-1 wet weight, <LOD, 0.014 ± 0.016 μg g-1 wet weight, 0.140 ± 0.188 μg g-1 wet weight, 1.051 ± 0.909 μg g-1 wet weight, 0.635 ± 0.725 μg g-1 wet weight, and 0.275 ± 0.325 μg g-1 wet weight, respectively, while all of the samples were contaminated in the concentrations below the permitted limits by regulatory bodies such as EC, Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), and WHO/FAO. No significant difference between the amounts of PTEs among the collected feed and water samples was noted, while the corresponded values for PTE concentrations also were lower than the allowable limits. The values of BMF and BCF for all analyzed PTEs through water and feed were lower than 1000, demonstrating that the rainbow trout muscle could not be considered as a bioaccumulative tissue for PTEs. Additionally, no health risk due to ingestions of investigated PTEs via consumption of this rainbow trout fish was noted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Heshmati
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, School of Medicine, Nutrition Health Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Rafieh Sadati
- College of Food Science and Technology, Tehran Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Ghavami
- College of Food Science and Technology, Tehran Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amin Mousavi Khaneghah
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Engineering, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Rua Monteiro Lobato, 80. Caixa Postal: 6121, Campinas, São Paulo, 13083-862, Brazil.
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34
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Mehri F, Heshmati A, Moradi M, Khaneghah AM. The concentration and health risk assessment of nitrate in vegetables and fruits samples of Iran. TOXIN REV 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/15569543.2019.1673424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Fereshteh Mehri
- Food and Drug Laboratory, Nutrition Health Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Ali Heshmati
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, School of Medicine, Nutrition Health Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Mehdi Moradi
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, College of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Amin Mousavi Khaneghah
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Engineering, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), São Paulo, Brazil
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35
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Alves RIS, Machado GP, Zagui GS, Bandeira OA, Santos DV, Nadal M, Sierra J, Domingo JL, Segura-Muñoz SI. Metals risk assessment for children's health in water and particulate matter in a southeastern Brazilian city. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2019; 177:108623. [PMID: 31419717 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2019.108623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Revised: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Ribeirão Preto City is supplied by the Guarani Aquifer System and suffers with intense environmental degradation due to growth of the vehicle fleet, burning of cane fields and also with water contamination by agricultural products, such as pesticides and fertilizers. The aim of the present study was to assess the human health risk derived from the exposure to metals through water and air (PM10) for two population groups (adults and children) of the municipality of Ribeirão Preto during the dry and wet seasons. Seasonal and spatial assessments of the metal concentrations in supply wells and household waters and the concentrations of PM10 and its metals were also performed. Element concentrations were determined by inductively coupled plasma spectrometry. Environmental exposure to metals were assessed under a residential scenario and estimated considering the three main routes of exposure: ingestion, dermal contact and inhalation. The results showed a higher concentration of PM10 during the dry season, which may be due to the lower precipitation and higher number of burns in this period. Copper in household waters presented a great increase when compared with the concentrations of the supply wells, probably related to the contamination during the route from its source until the residences supply. Although presenting levels in accordance with the national legislation, household waters in the municipality of Ribeirão Preto may be a concern for human exposure to metals for children during the wet season as well as the levels found for the carcinogenic risk (ELCR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Renato I S Alves
- Laboratory of Ecotoxicology and Environmental Parasitology, Ribeirão Preto College of Nursing, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gabriel P Machado
- Laboratory of Ecotoxicology and Environmental Parasitology, Ribeirão Preto College of Nursing, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Guilherme S Zagui
- Laboratory of Ecotoxicology and Environmental Parasitology, Ribeirão Preto College of Nursing, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Otniel A Bandeira
- Laboratory of Ecotoxicology and Environmental Parasitology, Ribeirão Preto College of Nursing, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Danilo V Santos
- Laboratory of Chemical Residues, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Martí Nadal
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Jordi Sierra
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Catalonia, Spain
| | - José L Domingo
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Susana I Segura-Muñoz
- Laboratory of Ecotoxicology and Environmental Parasitology, Ribeirão Preto College of Nursing, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
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36
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Gholami Z, Abtahi M, Golbini M, Parseh I, Alinejad A, Avazpour M, Moradi S, Fakhri Y, Mousavi Khaneghah A. The concentration and probabilistic health risk assessment of nitrate in Iranian drinking water: a case study of Ilam city. TOXIN REV 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/15569543.2019.1614958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zeinab Gholami
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehrnoosh Abtahi
- Environmental and Occupational Hazards Control Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Golbini
- Environment Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Iman Parseh
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Behbahan faculty of Medical Science, Behbahan, Iran
| | - Abdolazim Alinejad
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Moayed Avazpour
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Samin Moradi
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yadolah Fakhri
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Student Research Committee, School of Public Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amin Mousavi Khaneghah
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Engineering, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), São Paulo, Brazil
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37
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Atamaleki A, Yazdanbakhsh A, Fakhri Y, Mahdipour F, Khodakarim S, Mousavi Khaneghah A. The concentration of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) in the onion and tomato irrigated by wastewater: A systematic review; meta-analysis and health risk assessment. Food Res Int 2019; 125:108518. [PMID: 31554079 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2019.108518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2019] [Revised: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays, vegetable irrigation with wastewater in developing countries has become a serious issue. In this regard, the current investigation was performed to collect the related data regarding the concentration of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) including Fe, Zn, Cu, Cr, Pb, Ni, and Cd in onion and tomato samples irrigated with wastewater by the aid of a systematic review among the Scopus, Medline and Embase databases between 1/January/1983 to 31/January/2019. Also, the health risk assessment for consumers due to PTEs ingestion via the consumption of onion and tomato was estimated by using target hazard quotient (THQ). In this context, 35 articles with 64 studies out of 779 retrieved citations were included in the meta-analysis. The ranking of different parts of tomato based on Pb, Cd, and Cu concentration was shoot > root > leave > edible part; Fe, leave > shoot > root > edible part; Cr, root > leave > shoot > edible part; Zn, shoot > leave > root > edible part; and Ni, leave > edible part > root > shoot. Moreover, the ratio concentration of Pb, Cd, Cu, Fe, Cr, Zn and Ni in the edible part to leave of onion was 2.92, 6.01, 1.29, 4.17, 0.84, and 3.55, 10.10, respectively. According to findings, the rank order of PTEs in the onion was Fe (43.09 mg/kg-dry weight) > Zn (34.3 mg/ kg-dry weight) > Pb (18.54 mg/ kg-dry weight) > Cu (14.9 mg/ kg-dry weight) > Ni (11.92 mg/ kg-dry weight) > Cr (7.24 mg/ kg-dry weight) > Cd (0.23 mg/ kg-dry weight) and tomato; Fe (139.12 mg/ kg-dry weight) > Zn (29.81 mg/ kg-dry weight) > Cu (25.04 mg/ kg-dry weight) > Cr (14.28 mg/ kg-dry weight) > Pb (9.58 mg/ kg-dry weight) > Ni (9.23 mg/ kg-dry weight) > Cd (4.64 mg/kg-dry weight). However, the concentration of PTEs investigated in the edible part of onion was higher than leaves; their concentrations in the edible part of the tomato were lower than other parts. The health risk assessment indicated that consumers groups are at significant non-carcinogenic risk due to the ingestion of PTEs via consumption of the onion and tomato vegetable wastewater irrigated (THQ > 1). Therefore, the irrigation of vegetables with wastewater should be monitored and controlled by some prevention plans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Atamaleki
- Student Research Committee, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmadreza Yazdanbakhsh
- Workplace Health Promotion Reseach Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Yadolah Fakhri
- School of Public Health, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran.
| | - Fayyaz Mahdipour
- Workplace Health Promotion Reseach Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Soheila Khodakarim
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amin Mousavi Khaneghah
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Engineering, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), 13083-862 Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
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38
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Badibostan H, Feizy J, Daraei B, Shoeibi S, Rajabnejad SH, Asili J, Taghizadeh SF, Giesy JP, Karimi G. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in infant formulae, follow-on formulae, and baby foods in Iran: An assessment of risk. Food Chem Toxicol 2019; 131:110640. [PMID: 31233871 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2019.110640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Revised: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Twenty-seven samples of infant formulae and follow-on formulae and fifteen samples of baby food from Iranian markets were analyzed for concentrations of four polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH4) determined by use of gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrophotometry. An assessment of risks posed to infants and toddlers was conducted by calculating the margin of exposure and incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR) by use of the Monte Carlo Simulation Method. Benzo (a) anthracene, was not detected in any of the samples, while approximately 64.3% samples contained detectable amounts of benzo (a) pyrene, while chrysene was observed in three samples and benzo (b) fluoranthene was detected in one sample. One of the samples contained 1.43 μg PAH4/kg, which was greater than the maximum tolerable limit (MTL; 1 μg/kg) stated in Commission Regulation (EU) 2015/1125. Accordingly, the 95% ILCRs in the infants/toddlers due to ingestion of milk powder and baby foods were determined to be 1.3 × 10-6 and 7.3 × 10-7, respectively. Also, the 95th centiles of the MOEs, due to ingesting milk powder or baby foods by infants/toddlers were estimated to be 3.6 × 104 and 7.2 × 104, respectively. In Iran, infants and toddlers are not at serious health risk (MOE ≥ 1 × 104 and ILCR < 1 × 10-4).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasan Badibostan
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Javad Feizy
- Research Institute of Food Science and Technology, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Bahram Daraei
- Department of Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Shahram Shoeibi
- Food and Drug Reference Control Laboratories Center, Food and Drug Organization, MOH & ME, Tehran, Iran; Food and Drug Laboratory Research Center, Food and Drug Organization, MOH & ME, Tehran, Iran.
| | | | - Javad Asili
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | | | - John P Giesy
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences and Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada; Department of Zoology and Center for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA; School of Biological Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Gholamreza Karimi
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Pharmaceutical Research Center, Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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39
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Fakhri Y, Rahmani J, Oliveira CAF, Franco LT, Corassin CH, Saba S, Rafique J, Mousavi Khaneghah A. Aflatoxin M1 in human breast milk: A global systematic review, meta-analysis, and risk assessment study (Monte Carlo simulation). Trends Food Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2019.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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40
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Gavahian M, Khaneghah AM. Cold plasma as a tool for the elimination of food contaminants: Recent advances and future trends. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2019; 60:1581-1592. [DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2019.1584600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Gavahian
- Product and Process Research Center, Food Industry Research and Development Institute, Hsinchu, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Amin Mousavi Khaneghah
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Engineering, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Technology of Chemistry, Azerbaijan State Oil and Industry University, Baku, Azerbaijan
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41
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Nabizadeh S, Shariatifar N, Shokoohi E, Shoeibi S, Gavahian M, Fakhri Y, Azari A, Mousavi Khaneghah A. Prevalence and probabilistic health risk assessment of aflatoxins B 1, B 2, G 1, and G 2 in Iranian edible oils. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:35562-35570. [PMID: 30353428 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-3510-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence of aflatoxins (AFs) B1, B2, G1, and G2 in Iranian edible oils were assessed by immunoaffinity column cleanup and HPLC equipped with a fluorescence detector (HPLC-FLD). Ninety-seven samples including sunflower, canola, refined olive, unrefined olive, frying, and blend oils were collected from eight provinces (n = 15 samples of refined olive oil, n = 15 samples of unrefined olive oil, n = 15 samples of sunflower oil, n = 15 samples of canola oil, n = 17 samples of frying oil, and n = 20 samples of blend oil). Also, cancer risk of aflatoxins in the adults and children due to ingestion of edible oils was estimated via margin of exposure (MOE) estimation in the Monte Carlo simulation (MCS) model. Considering the limit of detection (LOD) of the current study, two unrefined olive oil samples from Zanjan Province were contaminated with AFB2 in the concentrations of 0.2 and 0.4 ng/g while other samples were free from AFB1, AFB2, AFG1, and AFG2. This study revealed that about 98% of the collected samples were free from AFs and the concentrations of AFs in the polluted samples were within the standard range suggested by European Commission regulation (20 μg/kg). However, health risk assessment indicated that both adult and children in the Zanjan Province are at considerable liver cancer risk (percentile 95% of MOE < 10,000 value). Therefore, national plan to address this issue and strict inspection of edible oil products by the regulatory bodies are suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samaneh Nabizadeh
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nabi Shariatifar
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Esmail Shokoohi
- Department of Basic Science, Ahar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahar, Iran
| | - Shahram Shoeibi
- Food and Drug Laboratory Research Center, Food and Drug Organization, Ministry of Health & Medical Education, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Gavahian
- Product and Process Research Center, Food Industry Research and Development Institute, No. 331 Shih-Pin Rd., Hsinchu, 30062, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Yadolah Fakhri
- Student Research Committee, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Azari
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Amin Mousavi Khaneghah
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Engineering, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
- Department of Technology of Chemistry, Azerbaijan State Oil and Industry University, Baku, Azerbaijan.
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42
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Tajdar-Oranj B, Shariatifar N, Alimohammadi M, Peivasteh-Roudsari L, Khaniki GJ, Fakhri Y, Mousavi Khaneghah A. The concentration of heavy metals in noodle samples from Iran's market: probabilistic health risk assessment. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:30928-30937. [PMID: 30178415 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-3030-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In the current study, the concentration of heavy metals including lead (Pb), chromium (Cr), cadmium (Cd), and aluminum (Al) in commonly instant noodles consumed in Iran (either imported from other countries or produced in Iran) was investigated by acid digestion method followed by an inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry system (ICP-OES). Also, the associated non-carcinogenic risk due to ingestion of heavy metals for adults and children was estimated by calculating percentile 95% target hazard quotient (THQ) in the Monte Carlo simulation (MCS) method. The average concentrations of Pb, Cr, Cd, and Al in Iranian instant noodle samples were measured as 1.21 ± 0.81, 0.08 ± 0.10, 0.03 ± 0.06, and 9.15 ± 4.82 (mg/kg) and in imported instant noodle samples were 1.00 ± 0.61, 0.07 ± 0.07, 0.04 ± 0.03, and 15.90 ± 0.93 (mg/kg), respectively. A significant difference (p value < 0.05) in the mean concentration of Pb, Cr, Cd, and Al of Iranian instant noodle and imported instant noodle samples was observed. Also, the concentration of Pb, Cr, Cd, and Al in all brands of instant noodle (0.025 mg/kg, 0.050 mg/kg, 0.003 mg/kg, and 0.237 mg/kg, respectively) surpassed the WHO-permitted limits for Pb, Cr, Cd, and Al. Percentile 95% of THQ of Pb, Cr, Cd, and Al for the adult consumers was calculated as 0.012, 0.000007, 0.010, and 1.789; while in the case of children, percentile 95% of THQ of Pb, Cr, Cd, and Al was defined as 0.044, 0.00023, 0.035, and 6.167, respectively. Health risk assessment indicated that both adults and children are at considerable non-carcinogenic health risk for Al (THQ > 1). Therefore, approaching the required strategies in order to reduce the concentration of heavy metals particularly Al in the instant noodle is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behrouz Tajdar-Oranj
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Student Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nabi Shariatifar
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Halal Research Center of IRI.FDA.MOH, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahmood Alimohammadi
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Leila Peivasteh-Roudsari
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Student Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Jahed Khaniki
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Yadolah Fakhri
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Student research committee, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amin Mousavi Khaneghah
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Engineering, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Monteiro Lobato, 80, Caixa Postal: 6121, Campinas, São Paulo, 13083-862, Brazil.
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43
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Fakhri Y, Mousavi Khaneghah A, Conti GO, Ferrante M, Khezri A, Darvishi A, Ahmadi M, Hasanzadeh V, Rahimizadeh A, Keramati H, Moradi B, Amanidaz N. Probabilistic risk assessment (Monte Carlo simulation method) of Pb and Cd in the onion bulb (Allium cepa) and soil of Iran. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:30894-30906. [PMID: 30178411 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-3081-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Recently, the exposure to heavy metals through the consumption of vegetables has become a global concern. In this regard, the current study was aimed to measure the concentrations of lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) in the collected onion bulb samples as well as the surrounded soil using a flame atomic absorption spectrometer (FAAS). Additionally, the target hazard quotient (THQ) for males and females in all age groups of consumers were estimated by using Monte Carlo Simulation (MCS) method. Furthermore, the soil threshold values (STVs) were evaluated to investigate the heavy metal contents in the soil based on the established standard limits. In this context, 45 onion bulbs (HashtBandi region, 25 and Ravang region, 20) and 41 soil (HashtBandi region, 21 and Ravang region, 20) samples were collected (March-May of 2016). The average concentrations of Pb in the onions from HashtBandi and Ravang regions were determined as 0.0052 ± 0.0011 and 0.0061 ± 0.0022 mg/kg, and for Cd were 0.0095 ± 0.0024 and 0.0011 ± 0.0035 mg/kg, respectively. The average concentration of Pb in the soil from HashtBandi and Ravang regions were measured as 3.99 ± 3.77 and 2.03 ± 0.69 mg/kg, and for Cd, the corresponding values were determined as 2.21 ± 3.17 and 2.22 ± 0.92 mg/kg, respectively. The average concentration of Pb and Cd in both investigated onion bulb and soil were lower than Iranian national (onion bulb: Pb = 0.1 mg/kg, Cd = 0.05 mg/kg) and FAO/WHO (onion bulb: Pb = 0.3 mg/kg, Cd = 0.1 mg/kg; soil: Pb = 50 mg/kg, Cd = 0.3 mg/kg) standard limits. Moreover, the THQ and total target hazard quotient (TTHQ) for males and females in all age groups were less than 1 value. Therefore, no risk of the exposure to Pb and Cd as result of onion bulb consumption was reported. STVs for Pb and Cd in the HashtBandi region were calculated as 3.99 and 2.21 mg/kg, and Ravang as 2.03 and 2.22 mg/kg, respectively. Due to the higher calculated STVs for Cd while compared with the established standard limit for the soil, the further revisions regarding the heavy metal standard limits in the soil were recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yadolah Fakhri
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Student Research Committee, School of Public Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amin Mousavi Khaneghah
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Engineering, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Gea Oliveri Conti
- Department of Medical, Surgical Sciences, and Advanced Technologies "G.F. Ingrassia", University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Margherita Ferrante
- Department of Medical, Surgical Sciences, and Advanced Technologies "G.F. Ingrassia", University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Azimeh Khezri
- Food Health Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Alireza Darvishi
- Food Health Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Ahmadi
- Food Health Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Vajihe Hasanzadeh
- Food Health Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Aziz Rahimizadeh
- Food Health Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran.
| | - Hassan Keramati
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Bigard Moradi
- Department of Health Public, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Nazak Amanidaz
- Environmental Health Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Golestan, Iran
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44
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Golge O, Hepsag F, Kabak B. Health risk assessment of selected pesticide residues in green pepper and cucumber. Food Chem Toxicol 2018; 121:51-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2018.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Revised: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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