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Calcaterra V, Magenes VC, Basso M, Conte V, Maggioni G, Russo S, De Silvestri A, Fabiano V, Marrocco EA, Veggiotti P, Zuccotti G. Eating disorder risks and psychopathological distress in Italian high school adolescents. Ital J Pediatr 2024; 50:144. [PMID: 39113094 PMCID: PMC11304653 DOI: 10.1186/s13052-024-01717-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Psychopathological disorders are often comorbid diagnosis in eating disorders (EDs). We aimed to assess the presence of psychopathological traits and symptoms associated with EDs in an Italian high school adolescent population. METHODS A sample of high school adolescents was enrolled, and demographic and clinical data were collected. Two self-report questionnaires, the Eating Disorder Inventory-3 (EDI-3) and the Questionnaire for the Assessment of Psychopathology in Adolescence (Q-PAD), were administered. RESULTS 548 adolescents (333 F/215 M; 16.89 ± 0.85 years) were included. Symptoms associated with EDs of clinical or high clinical concern were prevalent in a range of individuals, with percentages varying from 26.82% for body dissatisfaction to 51.83% for Interoceptive Deficits. The findings from the Q-PAD assessment indicated the presence of psychological distress, leading to discomfort or challenging situations requiring potential intervention in a percentage of adolescents ranging from 2.93% for psychosocial risks to 23.77% for anxiety. These percentages showed differences between genders (F > M, p < 0.001). Our study also highlighted an association between symptoms of EDs and lifestyle factors within families. We observed correlations between Q-PAD measures and EDI-3 scores, including a positive correlation between Q-PAD and EDI-3 body dissatisfaction (r = 0.7), Q-PAD interpersonal conflicts and EDI-3 interpersonal problems (r = 0.6) and a negative correlation between Q-PAD self-esteem and well-being and EDI-3 ineffectiveness Composite (r=-0.7). CONCLUSIONS a substantial prevalence of ED symptoms and psychological distress among high school adolescents were recorded. These conditions are interrelated, suggesting the importance of addressing them comprehensively. Early detection is essential to improve treatment outcomes and to implement preventive strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Calcaterra
- Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pavia, Pavia, 27100, Italy
- Pediatric Department, Vittore Buzzi Children's Hospital, Milan, 20154, Italy
| | | | - Martina Basso
- Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry Unit (UONPIA), ASST-Fatebenefratelli-Sacco, Milan, 20154, Italy
| | - Veronica Conte
- Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry Unit (UONPIA), ASST-Fatebenefratelli-Sacco, Milan, 20154, Italy
| | - Giulia Maggioni
- Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry Unit (UONPIA), ASST-Fatebenefratelli-Sacco, Milan, 20154, Italy
| | - Susanna Russo
- Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry Unit (UONPIA), ASST-Fatebenefratelli-Sacco, Milan, 20154, Italy
| | - Annalisa De Silvestri
- Biometry & Clinical Epidemiology, Scientific Direction, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, 27100, Italy
| | - Valentina Fabiano
- Pediatric Department, Vittore Buzzi Children's Hospital, Milan, 20154, Italy
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Milan, Milano, 20157, Italy
| | | | - Pierangelo Veggiotti
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Milan, Milano, 20157, Italy
- Pediatric Neurology Unit, Buzzi Children's Hospital, Milan, 20154, Italy
| | - Gianvincenzo Zuccotti
- Pediatric Department, Vittore Buzzi Children's Hospital, Milan, 20154, Italy.
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Milan, Milano, 20157, Italy.
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Sharma A, Kumar A, Singh AK, Kumar KJ, Narasimhan B, Kumar P. Ethnomedicinal Uses, Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, and Toxicology of Ruellia tuberosa L.: A Review. Chem Biodivers 2024; 21:e202400292. [PMID: 39056380 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202400292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Natural Products continue to be the purest source of physiologically active molecules employed in the identification of possible lead compounds in the drug discovery process. Acanthaceae is a big plant family with around 2500 species, found primarily in subtropical and tropical regions, as well as the Mediterranean, Australia, and the United States. Several species of the Acanthaceae family have been used traditionally to treat a variety of diseases, including gastrointestinal and cardiovascular ailments, etc. Ruellia tuberosa commonly known as "Mexican Bluebell" is a perennial herb that originated in Central America and has spread to some countries in the Southern tropics and Southeast Asia. It has been utilized as a traditional Rasayana plant from ancient times. R. tuberosa extracts and phytochemicals showed potent bioactivities, such as anticancer, anti-inflammatory, wound healing, antifungal, antimicrobial, anti-diabetic, hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic, gastro-protective, and anthelminthic activities. Chemical analyses have unveiled a range of bioactive constituents within the plant, including alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, and phenolic compounds, suggestive of its therapeutic potential. Collectively, this review provides an overview of R. tuberosa, encompassing its traditional uses, ethnomedicinal importance, phytochemistry, pharmacological properties, and toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akanksha Sharma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab, Ghudda, Bathinda, India-, 151401
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India-, 835215
| | - Adarsh Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab, Ghudda, Bathinda, India-, 151401
| | - Ankit Kumar Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab, Ghudda, Bathinda, India-, 151401
| | - K Jayaram Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India-, 835215
| | | | - Pradeep Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab, Ghudda, Bathinda, India-, 151401
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Baylie T, Ayelgn T, Tiruneh M, Tesfa KH. Effect of Ketogenic Diet on Obesity and Other Metabolic Disorders: Narrative Review. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2024; 17:1391-1401. [PMID: 38529169 PMCID: PMC10962461 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s447659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity is defined as an abnormal or excessive accumulation of fat that increases the burden of different chronic diseases in the population. It has reached epidemic proportions and is a major risk factor for a variety of diseases, including hypertension, cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, dyslipidaemia, atherosclerosis, and some malignancies. Weight gain is a result of excessive energy intake compared to energy expenditure (energy loss from metabolism and physical exercise). A ketogenic diet has a more useful effect on obesity than other diets. A ketogenic diet is a low-carbohydrate, high-fat, moderate-protein diet that induces the production of ketone bodies by mimicking the breakdown of a fasting state. The mechanism behind the ketogenic diet is still unknown, although it obviously helps people with obesity lose weight. Several pathways for the ketogenic diet effect on weight loss have been hypothesized by researchers, including reduced appetite due to effects on appetite control hormones and a possible direct appetite suppressant action of ketone bodies; reduced lipogenesis and increased lipolysis; greater metabolic efficiency; and increased metabolic costs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Temesgen Baylie
- Department of Biomedical Science, School of Medicine, Debre Markos University, Debre Markos, Ethiopia
| | - Tiget Ayelgn
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Markeshaw Tiruneh
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Kibur Hunie Tesfa
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
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Barone M, Salzillo R, De Bernardis R, Cogliandro A, Persichetti P. Do Small Scars Lead to Better Results? Analysis of Long-term Outcomes and Satisfaction of Patients Undergoing Anchor-line Abdominoplasty Following Massive Weight Loss. Aesthetic Plast Surg 2024; 48:652-658. [PMID: 37679561 DOI: 10.1007/s00266-023-03641-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Do smaller scars lead to higher patient satisfaction? The aim of this study is to analyze long-term satisfaction of patients who underwent abdominoplasty after massive weight loss. METHODS Patients inclusion criteria: no previous abdominal remodeling procedures, previous bariatric surgery followed by a weight loss of at least 30 kg, weight stability for at least one year, good understanding of the Italian language and standardized pre- and postoperative photographs. We divided the population in 2 groups based on the surgical procedure: group 1, conventional abdominoplasty, and group 2, anchor-line abdominoplasty. All patients presented scars in the epigastric and mesogastric region resulting from previous laparoscopic or laparotomic bariatric surgery and/or other laparoscopic or laparotomic procedures. At least 2 years after surgery, we administered the Italian version of the post-operative BODY-Q module and the SCAR-Q questionnaire. RESULTS We enrolled 20 males and 69 females aged between 25 and 55 years, with a mean follow-up of 2 years. Analyzing the questionnaires, it resulted that patients undergoing anchor-line abdominoplasty were significantly more satisfied in the body perception of the result (p = 0.035) and in the satisfaction with abdomen domain (p = 0.0015) compared to the conventional abdominoplasty group. Scars assessment with the SCAR-Q did not show any significant differences between the groups. CONCLUSION Despite its long scars, the anchor-line pattern shows an overall higher satisfaction, due to the possibility of reducing the abdomen both cranio-caudally and circumferentially. These findings might be an important guide when approaching abdominoplasty in post-bariatric patients, debunking the myth "shorter is better". LEVEL OF EVIDENCE V This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Barone
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 200, 00128, Roma, Italy
| | - Rosa Salzillo
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 200, 00128, Roma, Italy.
| | - Riccardo De Bernardis
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 200, 00128, Roma, Italy
| | - Annalisa Cogliandro
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 200, 00128, Roma, Italy
| | - Paolo Persichetti
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 200, 00128, Roma, Italy
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Arenas-Salazar AP, Schoor M, Parra-Pacheco B, García-Trejo JF, Torres-Pacheco I, Feregrino-Pérez AA. Intercropping Systems to Modify Bioactive Compounds and Nutrient Profiles in Plants: Do We Have Enough Information to Take This as a Strategy to Improve Food Quality? A Review. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:194. [PMID: 38256749 PMCID: PMC10818617 DOI: 10.3390/plants13020194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Various environmental, food security and population health problems have been correlated with the use of intensive agriculture production systems around the world. This type of system leads to the loss of biodiversity and natural habitats, high usage rates of agrochemicals and natural resources, and affects soil composition, human health, and nutritional plant quality in rural areas. Agroecological intercropping systems that respect agrobiodiversity, on the other hand, can significantly benefit ecosystems, human health, and food security by modifying the nutritional profile and content of some health-promoting bioactive compounds in the species cultivated in this system. However, research on intercropping strategies focuses more on the benefits they can offer to ecosystems, and less on plant nutrient composition, and the existing information is scattered. The topic merits further study, given the critical impact that it could have on human nutrition. The aim of this review is therefore to collect viable details on the status of research into the profile of nutrients and bioactive compounds in intercropping systems in different regions of the world with unique mixed crops using plant species, along with the criteria for combining them, as well as the nutrients and bioactive compounds analyzed, to exemplify the possible contributions of intercropping systems to food availability and quality.
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Liang Y, Wu F, Wu D, Zhu X, Gao X, Hu X, Xu F, Ma T, Zhao H, Cao W. Fu Loose Tea Administration Ameliorates Obesity in High-Fat Diet-Fed C57BL/6J Mice: A Comparison with Fu Brick Tea and Orlistat. Foods 2024; 13:206. [PMID: 38254507 PMCID: PMC10815023 DOI: 10.3390/foods13020206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Fu tea is receiving increasing attention for its specific aroma, flavor, and dramatic functional benefits. Herein, we explored the effects and underlying mechanisms of Fu loose tea (FLT), Fu brick tea (FBT), and diet pills (orlistat) on a high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity. The results indicated that FLT and FBT administration effectively inhibited weight gain, glucose metabolic dysregulation, fat accumulation in organs, hepatic and kidney injury, and oxidative stress induced by HFD. Additionally, FLT and FBT treatments improved the lipid profiles and reduced the production of proinflammatory cytokines by regulating the expression levels of lipid metabolism- and inflammation-related genes. Furthermore, FLT and FBT ameliorated the gut microbiota dysbiosis in HFD-mice in a dose-dependent relationship by increasing the abundance of family Verrucomicrobiaceae and genus Akkermansia and Turicibacter and simultaneously reducing the abundance of family Erysipelotrichaceae and genus Bifidobacterium; in contrast, orlistat did not exert a regulatory effect on gut microbiota similar to FLT and FBT to improve HFD-induced obesity. KEGG analysis of gut microbiota annotation revealed that "metabolism" was the most enriched category. This study further provides a theoretical basis for FLT and FBT to be potential supplements to alleviate diet-induced obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Liang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China; (Y.L.); (F.W.); (F.X.); (T.M.); (H.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Fu Tea Processing and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Xianyang 712044, China; (X.Z.); (X.H.)
| | - Fanhua Wu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China; (Y.L.); (F.W.); (F.X.); (T.M.); (H.Z.)
| | - Daying Wu
- Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/National Engineering Research Center of Wheat and Maize/National Key Laboratory of Wheat Breeding, Ministry of Science and Technology/Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Improvement in North Yellow & Huai River Valley, Ministry of Agriculture/Shandong Provincial Technology Innovation Center for Wheat, Jinan 250100, China; (D.W.); (X.G.)
| | - Xiaofang Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Fu Tea Processing and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Xianyang 712044, China; (X.Z.); (X.H.)
- Xianyang Jingwei Fu Tea Co., Ltd., Xianyang 712044, China
| | - Xin Gao
- Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/National Engineering Research Center of Wheat and Maize/National Key Laboratory of Wheat Breeding, Ministry of Science and Technology/Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Improvement in North Yellow & Huai River Valley, Ministry of Agriculture/Shandong Provincial Technology Innovation Center for Wheat, Jinan 250100, China; (D.W.); (X.G.)
| | - Xin Hu
- Key Laboratory of Fu Tea Processing and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Xianyang 712044, China; (X.Z.); (X.H.)
- Xianyang Jingwei Fu Tea Co., Ltd., Xianyang 712044, China
| | - Fangrui Xu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China; (Y.L.); (F.W.); (F.X.); (T.M.); (H.Z.)
| | - Tianchen Ma
- College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China; (Y.L.); (F.W.); (F.X.); (T.M.); (H.Z.)
| | - Haoan Zhao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China; (Y.L.); (F.W.); (F.X.); (T.M.); (H.Z.)
| | - Wei Cao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China; (Y.L.); (F.W.); (F.X.); (T.M.); (H.Z.)
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Mladenova SG, Todorova MN, Savova MS, Georgiev MI, Mihaylova LV. Maackiain Mimics Caloric Restriction through aak-2-Mediated Lipid Reduction in Caenorhabditis elegans. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17442. [PMID: 38139270 PMCID: PMC10744277 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Revised: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity prevalence is becoming a serious global health and economic issue and is a major risk factor for concomitant diseases that worsen the quality and duration of life. Therefore, the urgency of the development of novel therapies is of a particular importance. A previous study of ours revealed that the natural pterocarpan, maackiain (MACK), significantly inhibits adipogenic differentiation in human adipocytes through a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ)-dependent mechanism. Considering the observed anti-adipogenic potential of MACK, we aimed to further elucidate the molecular mechanisms that drive its biological activity in a Caenorhabditis elegans obesity model. Therefore, in the current study, the anti-obesogenic effect of MACK (25, 50, and 100 μM) was compared to orlistat (ORST, 12 μM) as a reference drug. Additionally, the hybrid combination between the ORST (12 μM) and MACK (100 μM) was assessed for suspected synergistic interaction. Mechanistically, the observed anti-obesogenic effect of MACK was mediated through the upregulation of the key metabolic regulators, namely, the nuclear hormone receptor 49 (nhr-49) that is a functional homologue of the mammalian PPARs and the AMP-activated protein kinase (aak-2/AMPK) in C. elegans. Collectively, our investigation indicates that MACK has the potential to limit lipid accumulation and control obesity that deserves future developments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Monika N. Todorova
- Laboratory of Metabolomics, Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 139 Ruski Blvd., 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria; (M.N.T.); (M.S.S.); (M.I.G.)
| | - Martina S. Savova
- Laboratory of Metabolomics, Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 139 Ruski Blvd., 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria; (M.N.T.); (M.S.S.); (M.I.G.)
- Department of Plant Cell Biotechnology, Center of Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Milen I. Georgiev
- Laboratory of Metabolomics, Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 139 Ruski Blvd., 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria; (M.N.T.); (M.S.S.); (M.I.G.)
- Department of Plant Cell Biotechnology, Center of Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Liliya V. Mihaylova
- Laboratory of Metabolomics, Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 139 Ruski Blvd., 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria; (M.N.T.); (M.S.S.); (M.I.G.)
- Department of Plant Cell Biotechnology, Center of Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
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Yavorov-Dayliev D, Milagro FI, López-Yoldi M, Clemente I, Riezu-Boj JI, Ayo J, Oneca M, Aranaz P. Pediococcus acidilactici (pA1c®) alleviates obesity-related dyslipidemia and inflammation in Wistar rats by activating beta-oxidation and modulating the gut microbiota. Food Funct 2023; 14:10855-10867. [PMID: 37987083 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo01651j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Due to the importance of the gut microbiota in the regulation of energy homeostasis, probiotics have emerged as an alternative therapy to ameliorate obesity-related disturbances, including cholesterol metabolism dysregulation, dyslipidemia and inflammation. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to evaluate the effect of the probiotic strain Pediococcus acidilactici (pA1c®) on the regulation of adiposity, cholesterol and lipid metabolism, inflammatory markers and gut microbiota composition in diet-induced obese rats. Twenty-nine four-week-old male Wistar rats were divided into three groups: rats fed a control diet (CNT group, n = 8), rats fed a high fat/high sucrose diet (HFS group, n = 11), and rats fed a HFS diet supplemented with pA1c® (pA1c®group, n = 10). Organs and fat depots were weighed, and different biochemical parameters were analysed in serum. Gene expression analyses in the adipose tissue were conducted using real-time quantitative-PCR. Faecal microbiota composition was evaluated using 16S metagenomics. Animals supplemented with pA1c® exhibited a lower proportion of visceral adiposity, a higher proportion of muscle, an improvement in the total-cholesterol/HDL-cholesterol ratio and a decrease in the total cholesterol, triglyceride and aspartate aminotransaminase (AST) serum levels, together with a decrease in several inflammation-related molecules. The expression of key genes related to adipose (Adipoq, Cebpa and Pparg) and glucose (Slc2a1 and Slc2a4) metabolism in the adipose tissue was normalized by pA1c®. Moreover, it was demonstrated that pA1c® supplementation activated fatty acid β-oxidation in the adipose tissue and the liver. Metagenomics demonstrated the presence of pA1c® in the faecal samples, an increase in alpha diversity, an increase in the abundance of beneficial bacteria, and a decrease in the abundance of harmful micro-organisms, including the Streptococcus genus. Thus, our data suggest the potential of pA1c® in the prevention of obesity-related disturbances including hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia, inflammation and gut microbiota dysbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deyan Yavorov-Dayliev
- Genbioma Aplicaciones SL, Polígono Industrial Noain-Esquiroz, Calle S, Nave 4, Esquíroz, Navarra, Spain
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Physiology, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
- Center for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Fermín I Milagro
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Physiology, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
- Center for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
- Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERObn), Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel López-Yoldi
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Physiology, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
- Center for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Iñigo Clemente
- Center for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - José Ignacio Riezu-Boj
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Physiology, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
- Center for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Josune Ayo
- Genbioma Aplicaciones SL, Polígono Industrial Noain-Esquiroz, Calle S, Nave 4, Esquíroz, Navarra, Spain
| | - María Oneca
- Genbioma Aplicaciones SL, Polígono Industrial Noain-Esquiroz, Calle S, Nave 4, Esquíroz, Navarra, Spain
| | - Paula Aranaz
- Center for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
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Calcaterra V, Magenes VC, Siccardo F, Hruby C, Basso M, Conte V, Maggioni G, Fabiano V, Russo S, Veggiotti P, Zuccotti G. Thyroid dysfunction in children and adolescents affected by undernourished and overnourished eating disorders. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1205331. [PMID: 37841407 PMCID: PMC10576529 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1205331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Eating disorders (ED) are one of the most prevalent chronic disorders in adolescents and young adults, with a significantly increasing prevalence in younger children, particularly in girls. Even if obesity in essence is not framed as an eating disorder and has always been considered a separate pathology, ED and obesity could be considered part of a continuum. It has become evident that one condition can lead to another, such as binge eating disorder (BED) and bulimia nervosa, and that they share the same repercussions in terms of psychosocial, metabolic, and nutritional health. This narrative review aims to investigate the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis in undernourished and overnourished patients with ED, including obesity, in order to highlight the relationship between weight control and thyroid function and its effects and to consider therapeutic and preventive strategies in children and adolescents. Literature data report that thyroid alterations occur in patients with ED, both underweight and overweight, and represent a continuum of changes depending on the severity and time course of the disease involving the endocrine system. Considering the relevant role thyroid hormones (TH) play not only in energy expenditure (EE) but also in metabolic control and cardiovascular risks related to dysmetabolism and mood regulation, continuous monitoring of thyroid homeostasis in patients with ED is mandatory to prevent severe complications and to start early treatment when necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Calcaterra
- Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- Department of Pediatric, Buzzi Children's Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | - Chiara Hruby
- Department of Pediatric, Buzzi Children's Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Martina Basso
- Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry Unit (UONPIA), ASST-Fatebenefratelli-Sacco, Milan, Italy
| | - Veronica Conte
- Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry Unit (UONPIA), ASST-Fatebenefratelli-Sacco, Milan, Italy
| | - Giulia Maggioni
- Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry Unit (UONPIA), ASST-Fatebenefratelli-Sacco, Milan, Italy
| | - Valentina Fabiano
- Department of Pediatric, Buzzi Children's Hospital, Milan, Italy
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Susanna Russo
- Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry Unit (UONPIA), ASST-Fatebenefratelli-Sacco, Milan, Italy
| | - Pierangelo Veggiotti
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Milano, Milan, Italy
- Pediatric Neurology Unit, Buzzi Children's Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Gianvincenzo Zuccotti
- Department of Pediatric, Buzzi Children's Hospital, Milan, Italy
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Milano, Milan, Italy
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Di Rosa C, Di Francesco L, Spiezia C, Khazrai YM. Effects of Animal and Vegetable Proteins on Gut Microbiota in Subjects with Overweight or Obesity. Nutrients 2023; 15:2675. [PMID: 37375578 DOI: 10.3390/nu15122675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota plays a pivotal role in the balance between host health and obesity. The composition of the gut microbiota can be influenced by external factors, among which diet plays a key role. As the source of dietary protein is important to achieve weight loss and gut microbiota modulation, in the literature there is increasing evidence to suggest consuming more plant proteins than animal proteins. In this review, a literature search of clinical trials published until February 2023 was conducted to examine the effect of different macronutrients and dietary patterns on the gut microbiota in subjects with overweight and obesity. Several studies have shown that a higher intake of animal protein, as well as the Western diet, can lead to a decrease in beneficial gut bacteria and an increase in harmful ones typical of obesity. On the other hand, diets rich in plant proteins, such as the Mediterranean diet, lead to a significant increase in anti-inflammatory butyrate-producing bacteria, bacterial diversity and a reduction in pro-inflammatory bacteria. Therefore, since diets rich in fiber, plant protein, and an adequate amount of unsaturated fat may help to beneficially modulate the gut microbiota involved in weight loss, further studies are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Di Rosa
- Research Unit of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Department of Science and Technology for Sustainable Development and One Health, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Via Alvaro del Portillo 21, 00128 Roma, Italy
| | - Ludovica Di Francesco
- Research Unit of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Department of Science and Technology for Sustainable Development and One Health, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Via Alvaro del Portillo 21, 00128 Roma, Italy
| | - Chiara Spiezia
- Research Unit of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Department of Science and Technology for Sustainable Development and One Health, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Via Alvaro del Portillo 21, 00128 Roma, Italy
| | - Yeganeh Manon Khazrai
- Research Unit of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Department of Science and Technology for Sustainable Development and One Health, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Via Alvaro del Portillo 21, 00128 Roma, Italy
- Operative Research Unit of Nutrition and Prevention, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, Via Alvaro del Portillo 200, 00128 Roma, Italy
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11
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Targeting PI3K/AKT signaling pathway in obesity. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 159:114244. [PMID: 36638594 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a disorder with an increasing prevalence, which impairs the life quality of patients and intensifies societal health care costs. The development of safe and innovative prevention strategies and therapeutic approaches is thus of great importance. The complex pathophysiology of obesity involves multiple signaling pathways that influence energy metabolism in different tissues. The phosphatidylinositol 3-kinases (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT) pathway is critical for the metabolic homeostasis and its function in insulin-sensitive tissues is described in the context of health, obesity and obesity-related complications. The PI3K family participates in the regulation of diverse physiological processes including but not limited to cell growth, survival, differentiation, autophagy, chemotaxis, and metabolism depending on the cellular context. AKT is downstream of PI3K in the insulin signaling pathway, and promotes multiple cellular processes by targeting a plethora of regulatory proteins that control glucose and lipid metabolism. Natural products are essential for prevention and treatment of many human diseases, including obesity. Anti-obesity natural compounds effect multiple pathophysiological mechanisms involved in obesity development. Numerous recent preclinical studies reveal the advances in using plant secondary metabolites to target the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway for obesity management. In this paper the druggability of PI3K as a target for compounds with anti-obesity potential is evaluated. Perspectives on the strategies and limitations for clinical implementation of obesity management using natural compounds modulating the PI3K/AKT pathway are suggested.
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12
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Ketogenic Diet Applied in Weight Reduction of Overweight and Obese Individuals with Progress Prediction by Use of the Modified Wishnofsky Equation. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15040927. [PMID: 36839285 PMCID: PMC9968058 DOI: 10.3390/nu15040927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Ketogenic diet is often used as diet therapy for certain diseases, among other things, its positive effect related to weight loss is highlighted. Precisely because of the suggestion that KD can help with weight loss, visceral obesity, and appetite control, 100 respondents joined the weight loss program (of which 31% were men and 69% were women). The aforementioned respondents were interviewed in order to determine their eating habits, the amount of food consumed, and the time when they consume meals. Basic anthropometric data (body height, body mass, chest, waist, hips, biceps, and thigh circumferences) were also collected, in order to be able to monitor their progress during the different phases of the ketogenic diet. Important information is the expected body mass during the time frame of a certain keto diet phase. This information is important for the nutritionist, medical doctor, as well as for the participant in the reduced diet program; therefore, the model was developed that modified the original equation according to Wishnofsky. The results show that women lost an average of 22.7 kg (average number of days in the program 79.5), and for men the average weight loss was slightly higher, 29.7 kg (with an average of 76.8 days in the program). The prediction of expected body mass by the modified Wishnofsky's equation was extremely well aligned with the experimental values, as shown by the Bland-Altman graph (bias for women 0.021 kg and -0.697 kg for men) and the coefficient of determination of 0.9903. The modification of the Wishnofsky equation further shed light on the importance of controlled energy reduction during the dietetic options of the ketogenic diet.
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13
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Effect of Low-Carbohydrate Diet on Beta-Hydroxybutyrate Ketogenesis Metabolic Stimulation and Regulation of NLRP3 Ubiquitination in Obese Saudi Women. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15040820. [PMID: 36839178 PMCID: PMC9958539 DOI: 10.3390/nu15040820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The effects of a ketogenic diet (KD) on anthropometric indices, the lipid profile, and the benefits of the ketone body beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) as an inhibitor of the NOD-like receptor pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome in obese women were investigated in this study. From January to March 2021, 23 obese adult women (n = 23) with an average age of 35.30 years and BMI of 33.96 kg/m2 followed a KD. Instructions for the KD were given to eligible participants, with a typical plan and a menu for all the main meals, snacks, and drinks permitted over seven days. They were also free to change meals according to their preferences provided that they followed the plan. The participants attended six times throughout the intervention for measurements of their anthropometric indices, BHB levels, interleukin-1beta (1L-1β) levels, and completion of a questionnaire (pre-intervention, mid-intervention, and post-intervention). Following the KD caused significant weight loss, a reduction in waist circumference and BHB levels, as well as a reduction in BMI and appetite. Cholesterol, triglycerides (TG), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) increased slightly. However, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) in serum increased significantly (p < 0.05), and 1L-1β decreased significantly (p < 0.0001). The results show that the KD effectively encouraged weight loss and NLRP3 inflammasome inhibition. Based on the questionnaire results, it was found that a variety of physical symptoms, including overall energy, physical activity, mood, sleep, focus, skin conditions, and menstruation, had significantly improved.
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14
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Cheng L, Wei Y, Xu L, Peng L, Wang Y, Wei X. Gut Microbiota Differentially Mediated by Qingmao Tea and Qingzhuan Tea Alleviated High-Fat-Induced Obesity and Associated Metabolic Disorders: The Impact of Microbial Fermentation. Foods 2022; 11:3210. [PMCID: PMC9601715 DOI: 10.3390/foods11203210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Although dark tea is a unique microbial-fermented tea with a high reputation for having an antiobesity effect, little is known about the effect of microbial fermentation on tea leaves’ antiobesity properties. This study compared the antiobesity effects of microbial-fermented Qingzhuan tea (QZT) and unfermented Qingmao tea (QMT), providing insight into their underlying mechanisms associated with gut microbiota. Our results indicated that the supplementation of QMT extract (QMTe) and QZT extract (QZTe) displayed similar antiobesity effects in high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice, but the hypolipidemic effect of QZTe was significantly stronger than that of QMTe. The microbiomic analysis indicated that QZTe was more effective than QMTe at regulating HFD-caused gut microbiota dysbiosis. Akkermansiaceae and Bifidobacteriaceae, which have negative correlations with obesity, were enhanced notably by QZTe, whereas Faecalibaculum and Erysipelotrichaceae, which are positively correlated with obesity, were decreased dramatically by QMTe and QZTe. A Tax4Fun analysis of QMTe/QZTe-mediated gut microbiota revealed that QMTe supplementation drastically reversed the HFD-induced upregulation of glycolysis and energy metabolism, whereas QZTe supplementation significantly restored the HFD-caused downregulation of pyruvate metabolism. Our findings suggested that microbial fermentation showed a limited effect on tea leaves’ antiobesity, but enhanced their hypolipidemic activity, and QZT could attenuate obesity and associated metabolic disorders by favorably modulating gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lizeng Cheng
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yang Wei
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Lurong Xu
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Lanlan Peng
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yuanfeng Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, 100 Guilin Road, Shanghai 200234, China
- Correspondence: (Y.W.); (X.W.); Tel.: +86-18616184495 (Y.W.); +86-021-34208533 (X.W.)
| | - Xinlin Wei
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
- Correspondence: (Y.W.); (X.W.); Tel.: +86-18616184495 (Y.W.); +86-021-34208533 (X.W.)
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15
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Post-Bariatric Plastic Surgery: Abdominoplasty, the State of the Art in Body Contouring. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11154315. [PMID: 35893406 PMCID: PMC9330885 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11154315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to the increased prevalence of obesity in the last decades, bariatric surgery has been on the rise in recent years. Bariatric surgery is a compelling option for weight loss in obese patients with severe obesity-related comorbidities or for whom lifestyle modifications have proven ineffective. Redundant skin following significant weight loss is a common occurrence affecting up to 96% of patients who undergo bariatric surgery, negatively impacting physical and psychosocial health and detracting from activities of daily living. Statistics of the American Society of Plastic Surgeons show that 46,577 body contouring procedures were performed after massive weight loss in the USA in a 2020 report. Abdominoplasty, a well-established cosmetic surgery procedure for improving body contour, is performed by removing excess skin and fat from the abdominal wall and thereby restoring musculofascial integrity and skin elasticity, resulting in a more ideal body shape and increasing quality of life. Although abdominoplasty is a safe procedure, it has been associated with a higher complication rate compared with other body-contouring procedures. Technologic advances over the past decade have been developed as non-invasive alternatives or adjunctive tools to surgery to enhance cosmetic results and minimize complications. New energy-based technologies may supplant invasive surgery for mild to moderate skin laxity and/or diminish the extent of surgery and resulting scars. Plastic surgeons play a significant role in improving the quality of life of patients who suffer from obesity and underwent bariatric surgery. We are deeply convinced, however, that the advancement of knowledge and research in this field will determine the introduction of new technologies and custom-made techniques. This advancement will reduce the complication rate with a rapid reintegration of the patient into the world of work and resumption of daily activities.
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16
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Rodríguez-López R, Gimeno-Ferrer F, do Santos DA, Ferrer-Bolufer I, Luján CG, Alcalá OZ, García-Banacloy A, Cogollos VB, Juan CS. Reviewed and updated Algorithm for Genetic Characterization of Syndromic Obesity Phenotypes. Curr Genomics 2022; 23:147-162. [PMID: 36777005 PMCID: PMC9878830 DOI: 10.2174/1389202923666220426093436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Individuals with a phenotype of early-onset severe obesity associated with intellectual disability can have molecular diagnoses ranging from monogenic to complex genetic traits. Severe overweight is the major sign of a syndromic physical appearance and predicting the influence of a single gene and/or polygenic risk profile is extremely complicated among the majority of the cases. At present, considering rare monogenic bases as the principal etiology for the majority of obesity cases associated with intellectual disability is scientifically poor. The diversity of the molecular bases responsible for the two entities makes the appliance of the current routinely powerful genomics diagnostic tools essential. Objective: Clinical investigation of these difficult-to-diagnose patients requires pediatricians and neurologists to use optimized descriptions of signs and symptoms to improve genotype correlations. Methods: The use of modern integrated bioinformatics strategies which are conducted by experienced multidisciplinary clinical teams. Evaluation of the phenotype of the patient's family is also of importance. Results: The next step involves discarding the monogenic canonical obesity syndromes and considering infrequent unique molecular cases, and/or then polygenic bases. Adequate management of the application of the new technique and its diagnostic phases is essential for achieving good cost/efficiency balances. Conclusion: With the current clinical management, it is necessary to consider the potential coincidence of risk mutations for obesity in patients with genetic alterations that induce intellectual disability. In this review, we describe an updated algorithm for the molecular characterization and diagnosis of patients with a syndromic obesity phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Rodríguez-López
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Clinical Analysis Service, General Hospital Consortium of Valencia, Valencia, Spain;,Address correspondence to this author at the Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Clinical Analysis Service, General Hospital Consortium of Valencia, Avenida de las Tres Cruces no. 2 46014, Valencia, Spain; Tel: 0034 963 131 800 – 437317; Fax: 0034 963 131 979; E-mail:
| | - Fátima Gimeno-Ferrer
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Clinical Analysis Service, General Hospital Consortium of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - David Albuquerque do Santos
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Clinical Analysis Service, General Hospital Consortium of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Irene Ferrer-Bolufer
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Clinical Analysis Service, General Hospital Consortium of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Carola Guzmán Luján
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Clinical Analysis Service, General Hospital Consortium of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Otilia Zomeño Alcalá
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Clinical Analysis Service, General Hospital Consortium of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Amor García-Banacloy
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Clinical Analysis Service, General Hospital Consortium of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Carlos Sánchez Juan
- Endocrinology Service, General Hospital Consortium of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
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17
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Mladenova SG, Savova MS, Marchev AS, Ferrante C, Orlando G, Wabitsch M, Georgiev MI. Anti-adipogenic activity of maackiain and ononin is mediated via inhibition of PPARγ in human adipocytes. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 149:112908. [PMID: 35367764 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.112908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a global health burden for which we do not yet have effective treatments for prevention or therapy. Plants are an invaluable source of bioactive leads possessing anti-adipogenic potential. Ethnopharmacological use of Ononis spinosa L. roots (OSR) for treatment of obesity and metabolic disorders requires а scientific rationale. The current study examined the anti-adipogenic capacity of OSR and its secondary metabolites ononin (ONON) and maackiain (MACK) in human adipocytes as an in vitro model of obesity. Both ONON and MACK diminished lipid accumulation during adipocyte differentiation. Molecular docking analysis exposed the potential interactions between MACK or ONON and target regulatory adipogenic proteins. Furthermore, results from an RT-qPCR analysis disclosed significant upregulation of AMPK by MACK and ONON treatment. In addition, ONON increased SIRT1, PI3K and ACC mRNA expression, while MACK notably downregulated CEBPA, AKT, SREBP1, ACC and ADIPOQ. The protein level of PI3K, C/EBPα, PPARγ and adiponectin was reduced upon MACK treatment in a concentration-dependent manner. Similarly, ONON suppressed PI3K, PPARγ and adiponectin protein abundance. Finally, our study provides evidence that ONON exerts anti-adipogenic effect by upregulation of SIRT1 and inhibition of PI3K, PPARγ and adiponectin, while MACK induced strong inhibitory effect on adipogenesis via hampering PI3K, PPARγ/C/EBPα signaling and anti-lipogenic effect through downregulation of SREBP1 and ACC. Even though OSR does not hamper adipogenic differentiation, it could be exploited as a source of natural leads with anti-adipogenic potential. The multidirectional mechanism of action of MACK warrant further validation in the context of in vivo obesity models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saveta G Mladenova
- BB-NCIPD Ltd., BB-National Centre of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Ministry of Health, 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Martina S Savova
- Department of Plant Cell Biotechnology, Center of Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology, 4000, Plovdiv, Bulgaria; Laboratory of Metabolomics, Department of Biotechnology, The Stephan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 139 Ruski Blvd, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Andrey S Marchev
- Department of Plant Cell Biotechnology, Center of Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology, 4000, Plovdiv, Bulgaria; Laboratory of Metabolomics, Department of Biotechnology, The Stephan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 139 Ruski Blvd, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Claudio Ferrante
- Department of Pharmacy, G. d'Annunzio University, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Giustino Orlando
- Department of Pharmacy, G. d'Annunzio University, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Martin Wabitsch
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Ulm University Medical Center, 89073 Ulm, Germany
| | - Milen I Georgiev
- Department of Plant Cell Biotechnology, Center of Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology, 4000, Plovdiv, Bulgaria; Laboratory of Metabolomics, Department of Biotechnology, The Stephan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 139 Ruski Blvd, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria.
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18
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Caudet J, Trelis M, Cifre S, Soriano JM, Merino-Torres JF. Presence and significance of intestinal unicellular parasites in a morbidly obese population. Int J Obes (Lond) 2022; 46:220-227. [PMID: 34650200 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-021-00980-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is a chronic disease whose pathogenesis has been related to changes in the intestinal microbiota. Yet, the role of protozoa and other unicellular eukaryotic parasites in this microenvironment is still largely unknown. Their presence within the gut ecosystem in obese subjects warrants further study, as well as their influence on the host metabolism and comorbidities. METHODS Herein, a single center, cross-sectional study of 104 obese individuals was performed to assess the presence of six intestinal unicellular parasites in stool using a commercially available kit, and to evaluate its relationship with the presence of abdominal symptoms, metabolic comorbidities, variations in body composition and nutritional deficiencies. RESULTS The overall parasitic colonization rate was 51%, with Blastocystis sp., identified as the most frequent (44.2%), followed by Dientamoeba fragilis (11.5%) and Giardia intestinalis (8.7%), and significantly related to the consumption of ecological fruits and vegetables. Contrary to what previous studies pointed out, colonization with parasites species was significantly associated with fewer abdominal symptoms and depositions per day. The presence of parasites did not correlate with any nutritional deficiencies nor differences in body composition, while it did with significant lower HOMA-IR levels and a lower trend towards metabolic syndrome. CONCLUSION Obese subjects frequently harbor unicellular enteric parasites, apparently without clinical nor nutritional harm. This evidence suggests that carrying these microorganisms, from an endocrinological perspective, has a beneficial effect, especially on insulin resistance and possibly on the development of related comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Caudet
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, University and Polytechnic Hospital La Fe, Valencia, Spain.,Joint Research Unit on Endocrinology, Nutrition and Clinical Dietetics, University of Valencia-Health Research Institute La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - M Trelis
- Joint Research Unit on Endocrinology, Nutrition and Clinical Dietetics, University of Valencia-Health Research Institute La Fe, Valencia, Spain. .,Parasite & Health Research Group, Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology and Parasitology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.
| | - S Cifre
- Joint Research Unit on Endocrinology, Nutrition and Clinical Dietetics, University of Valencia-Health Research Institute La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - J M Soriano
- Joint Research Unit on Endocrinology, Nutrition and Clinical Dietetics, University of Valencia-Health Research Institute La Fe, Valencia, Spain.,Food & Health Lab, Institute of Materials Science, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - J F Merino-Torres
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, University and Polytechnic Hospital La Fe, Valencia, Spain.,Joint Research Unit on Endocrinology, Nutrition and Clinical Dietetics, University of Valencia-Health Research Institute La Fe, Valencia, Spain.,Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
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19
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Zuccarini M, Lambertucci C, Carluccio M, Giuliani P, Ronci M, Spinaci A, Volpini R, Ciccarelli R, Di Iorio P. Multipotent Stromal Cells from Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue of Normal Weight and Obese Subjects: Modulation of Their Adipogenic Differentiation by Adenosine A 1 Receptor Ligands. Cells 2021; 10:cells10123560. [PMID: 34944069 PMCID: PMC8700077 DOI: 10.3390/cells10123560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenosine A1 receptor (A1R) activation, stimulating lipogenesis and decreasing insulin resistance, could be useful for metabolic syndrome management in obese subjects. Since full A1R agonists induce harmful side-effects, while partial agonists show a better pharmacological profile, we investigated the influence of two derivatives of the full A1R agonist 2-chloro-N6-cyclopentyladenosine (CCPA), C1 and C2 behaving as A1R partial agonists in animal models, on the adipogenic differentiation of stromal/stem cells (ASCs) from human subcutaneous adipose tissue, which mainly contribute to increase fat mass in obesity. The ASCs from normal-weight subjects showed increased proliferation and A1R expression but reduced adipogenic differentiation compared to obese individual-derived ASCs. Cell exposure to CCPA, C1, C2 or DPCPX, an A1R antagonist, did not affect ASC proliferation, while mainly C2 and DPCPX significantly decreased adipogenic differentiation of both ASC types, reducing the activity of glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase and the expression of PPARγ and FABP-4, all adipogenic markers, and phosphorylation of Akt in the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase pathway, which plays a key-role in adipogenesis. While requiring confirmation in in vivo models, our results suggest that A1R partial agonists or antagonists, by limiting ASC differentiation into adipocytes and, thereby, fat mass expansion, could favor development/worsening of metabolic syndrome in obese subjects without a dietary control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariachiara Zuccarini
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 29, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (M.Z.); (M.C.); (P.G.); (P.D.I.)
- Center for Advanced Study and Technologies (CAST), University of Chieti-Pescara, Via L. Polacchi 11, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Catia Lambertucci
- Unit of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Via S. Agostino 1, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (C.L.); (A.S.); (R.V.)
| | - Marzia Carluccio
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 29, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (M.Z.); (M.C.); (P.G.); (P.D.I.)
- Center for Advanced Study and Technologies (CAST), University of Chieti-Pescara, Via L. Polacchi 11, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Stem TeCh Group, Via L. Polacchi 11, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Patricia Giuliani
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 29, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (M.Z.); (M.C.); (P.G.); (P.D.I.)
- Center for Advanced Study and Technologies (CAST), University of Chieti-Pescara, Via L. Polacchi 11, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Maurizio Ronci
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 29, 66100 Chieti, Italy;
| | - Andrea Spinaci
- Unit of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Via S. Agostino 1, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (C.L.); (A.S.); (R.V.)
| | - Rosaria Volpini
- Unit of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Via S. Agostino 1, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (C.L.); (A.S.); (R.V.)
| | - Renata Ciccarelli
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 29, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (M.Z.); (M.C.); (P.G.); (P.D.I.)
- Center for Advanced Study and Technologies (CAST), University of Chieti-Pescara, Via L. Polacchi 11, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Unit of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Via S. Agostino 1, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (C.L.); (A.S.); (R.V.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Patrizia Di Iorio
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 29, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (M.Z.); (M.C.); (P.G.); (P.D.I.)
- Center for Advanced Study and Technologies (CAST), University of Chieti-Pescara, Via L. Polacchi 11, 66100 Chieti, Italy
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20
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Deligiorgi MV, Siasos G, Vakkas L, Trafalis DT. Charting the Unknown Association of COVID-19 with Thyroid Cancer, Focusing on Differentiated Thyroid Cancer: A Call for Caution. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:5785. [PMID: 34830939 PMCID: PMC8616091 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13225785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Conceived of as the "silver lining" of the dark cloud of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, lessons taught by this catastrophe should be leveraged by medical authorities and policy makers to optimize health care globally. A major lesson is that resilient health systems should absorb sudden shocks incited by overwhelming health emergencies without compromising the continuum of care of chronic diseases, especially of cancer. METHODS The present review dissects the association between COVID-19 and thyroid cancer (TC), especially with differentiated TC (DTC), focusing on available data, knowledge gaps, current challenges, and future perspectives. RESULTS Obesity has been incriminated in terms of both COVID-19 severity and a rising incidence of TC, especially of DTC. The current conceptualization of the pathophysiological landscape of COVID-19-(D)TC association implicates an interplay between obesity, inflammation, immunity, and oxidative stress. Whether COVID-19 could aggravate the health burden posed by (D)TC or vice versa has yet to be clarified. Improved understanding and harnessing of the pathophysiological landscape of the COVID-19-(D)TC association will empower a mechanism-guided, safe, evidence-based, and risk-stratified management of (D)TC in the COVID-19 era and beyond. CONCLUSION A multidisciplinary patient-centered decision-making will ensure high-quality (D)TC care for patients, with or without COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria V. Deligiorgi
- Clinical Pharmacology Unit–Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias St., 11527 Athens, Greece; (L.V.); (D.T.T.)
| | - Gerasimos Siasos
- First Department of Cardiology, Hippokration General Hospital of Athens, Faculty of Mediine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece;
| | - Lampros Vakkas
- Clinical Pharmacology Unit–Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias St., 11527 Athens, Greece; (L.V.); (D.T.T.)
| | - Dimitrios T. Trafalis
- Clinical Pharmacology Unit–Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias St., 11527 Athens, Greece; (L.V.); (D.T.T.)
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21
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Ma Y, Sun Y, Sun L, Liu X, Zeng R, Lin X, Li Y. Effects of gut microbiota and fatty acid metabolism on dyslipidemia following weight-loss diets in women: Results from a randomized controlled trial. Clin Nutr 2021; 40:5511-5520. [PMID: 34656033 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2021.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Revised: 08/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS In our early feeding trial among overweight and obese Chinese women, both low-carbohydrate (LC) and calorie-restricted (CR) diets reduced weight and fat mass, but only the LC diet significantly improved dyslipidemia. We aimed to investigate the impacts of altered gut microbiota, fatty acid (FAs), and acylcarnitines, markers of mitochondrial function on blood lipids. METHODS Fecal and blood samples from 48 participants at baseline and the end of a 12-week trial were used to perform metagenomics and targeted-metabolomics including erythrocyte FAs and plasma acylcarnitines, respectively. RESULTS The two diets altered microbial structure and co-abundance gene clusters (CAGs) at different magnitudes. After a 12-week intervention, the Bacteroidetes/Firmicutes ratio increased significantly in the LC diet (P = 0.015) but not in the CR diet, which only showed an increased trend (P = 0.28). At the microbial function level, the LC group showed lower branched-chain amino acid biosynthesis and higher serine biosynthesis than the CR group. Moreover, the LC diet reduced levels of 14:0 and 16:1n-7 FAs in the de novo lipogenesis pathway, but increased 20:5n-3 compared with the CR diet. Both groups had increased plasma acylcarnitines except that the LC group had larger elevated short-chain acylcarnitines. After backward stepwise selection, a cluster of changed CAGs, FAs and acylcarnitines were found to be associated with improved lipid profile. However, changed CAGs showed higher contribution rates in elevating HDL-cholesterol (81.6%) and reducing triglycerides (89.3%) than changed FAs and acylcarnitines. CONCLUSIONS The two weight-loss diets induced different changes of gut microbiota, plasma acylcarnitines, and erythrocyte FAs. Changes in gut microbiota rather than FA or acylcarnitine profiles showed greater contribution to improved lipid profile in these overweight and obese Chinese women. TRIAL REGISTRATION The trial was registered at http://clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT01358890.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiwei Ma
- Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Yidi Sun
- Institute of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Liang Sun
- Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Global Health Institute, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Rong Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Systems Health Science of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310024, China; Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China.
| | - Xu Lin
- Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China; Key Laboratory of Systems Health Science of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310024, China.
| | - Yixue Li
- Key Laboratory of Systems Health Science of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310024, China; Guangzhou Laboratory, Guangzhou, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China; School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China; Bio-Med Big Data Center, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China.
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22
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Mamtani M, Jaisinghani MT, Jaiswal SG, Pipal KV, Patel AA, Kulkarni H. Genetic association of anthropometric traits with type 2 diabetes in ethnically endogamous Sindhi families. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0257390. [PMID: 34506595 PMCID: PMC8432747 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0257390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ethnically endogamous populations can shed light on the genetics of type 2 diabetes. Such studies are lacking in India. We conducted this study to determine the genetic and environmental contributions of anthropometric traits to type 2 diabetes risk in the Sindhi families in central India. Methods We conducted a family study in Indian Sindhi families with at least one case of type 2 diabetes. Variance components methods were used to quantify the genetic association of 18 anthropometric traits with eight type 2 diabetes related traits. Univariate and bivariate polygenic models were used to determine the heritability, genetic and environmental correlation of anthropometric traits with type 2 diabetes related traits. Results We included 1,152 individuals from 112 phenotyped families. The ascertainment-bias corrected prevalence of type 2 diabetes was 35%. Waist circumference, hip circumference and the biceps, triceps, subscapular and medial calf skinfold thicknesses were polygenically and significantly associated with type 2 diabetes. The range of heritability of the anthropometric traits and type 2 diabetes related traits was 0.27–0.73 and 0.00–0.39, respectively. Heritability of type 2 diabetes as a discrete trait was 0.35. Heritability curves demonstrated a substantial local influence of type 2 diabetes related traits. Bivariate trait analyses showed that biceps and abdominal skinfold thickness and all waist-containing indexes were strongly genetically correlated with type 2 diabetes. Conclusions In this first study of Sindhi families, we found evidence for genetic and environmental concordance of anthropometric traits with type 2 diabetes. Future studies need to probe into the genetics of type 2 diabetes in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manju Mamtani
- Lata Medical Research Foundation, Nagpur, India
- M&H Research, LLC, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | | | | | | | | | - Hemant Kulkarni
- Lata Medical Research Foundation, Nagpur, India
- M&H Research, LLC, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
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Mladenova SG, Vasileva LV, Savova MS, Marchev AS, Tews D, Wabitsch M, Ferrante C, Orlando G, Georgiev MI. Anti-Adipogenic Effect of Alchemilla monticola is Mediated Via PI3K/AKT Signaling Inhibition in Human Adipocytes. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:707507. [PMID: 34483915 PMCID: PMC8416315 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.707507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a persistent and continuously expanding social health concern. Excessive fat mass accumulation is associated with increased risk of chronic diseases including diabetes, atherosclerosis, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, reproductive dysfunctions and certain types of cancer. Alchemilla monticola Opiz. is a perennial plant of the Rosaceae family traditionally used to treat inflammatory conditions and as a component of weight loss herbal mixtures. In the search for bioactive leads with potential anti-adipogenic effect from A. monticola extract (ALM), we have employed nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) based metabolomics to obtain data for the phytochemical profile of the extract. Further, molecular docking simulation was performed against key adipogenic targets for selected pure compounds, present in the ALM extract. Evaluation of the biological activity was done in human adipocytes exposed to ALM (5, 10 and 25 μg/ml), pure astragalin (AST) or quercitrin (QUE) both at the concentrations of 5, 10 and 25 μM. Investigation of the molecular pathways involved was performed through real-time quantitative PCR and Western blot analyses. According to the docking predictions strong putative affinity was revealed for both AST and QUE towards peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K). Assessment of the intracellular lipid accumulation revealed anti-adipogenic activity of ALM. Correspondingly, the expression of the adipogenic genes CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein alpha (CEBPA) and PPARG was downregulated upon ALM and AST treatment. The Western blotting results exposed protein kinase B (AKT), PI3K and PPARγ as targets for the inhibitory effect of ALM and AST on adipogenesis. Collectively, we provide a broader insight of the phytochemical composition of A. monticola. Additionally, we demonstrate the anti-adipogenic effect of ALM and its active compound AST in human adipocytes. Furthermore, PI3K/AKT signaling pathway is identified to mediate the ALM anti-adipogenic action. Hence, the ALM extract and its secondary metabolite AST are worth further exploration as potentially active agents in obesity management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saveta G Mladenova
- BB-NCIPD Ltd., National Center of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Ministry of Health, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Liliya V Vasileva
- Laboratory of Metabolomics, Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Plovdiv, Bulgaria.,Department of Plant Cell Biotechnology, Center of Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Martina S Savova
- Laboratory of Metabolomics, Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Plovdiv, Bulgaria.,Department of Plant Cell Biotechnology, Center of Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Andrey S Marchev
- Laboratory of Metabolomics, Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Plovdiv, Bulgaria.,Department of Plant Cell Biotechnology, Center of Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Daniel Tews
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Martin Wabitsch
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | | | | | - Milen I Georgiev
- Laboratory of Metabolomics, Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Plovdiv, Bulgaria.,Department of Plant Cell Biotechnology, Center of Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
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Ziziphus jujuba Mill. leaf extract restrains adipogenesis by targeting PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 141:111934. [PMID: 34323694 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The escalation in the global prevalence of obesity has focused attention on finding novel approaches for its management. Ziziphus jujuba Mill. (ZJL) leaf extract is reported as a traditional remedy for diverse pathological conditions, including obesity. The present study investigated whether ZJL affects adipogenic differentiation in human adipocytes. Additionally, following metabolite profiling of the extract, apigenin (APG), betulinic acid (BA) and maslinic acid (MA) were selected for biological activity evaluation. The possible interactions between APG, BA, MA and target proteins with a central role in adipogenesis were assessed through molecular docking. The potential mechanisms of ZJL, APG, BA and MA were identified using transcriptional analysis through real-time quantitative PCR and protein abundance evaluation by Western blotting. The obtained results revealed a concentration-dependent reduction of accumulated lipids after ZJL, BA and MA application. The key adipogenic transcription factors peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) and CCAAT-enhancer-binding protein alpha (C/EBPα) were strongly decreased at a protein level by all treatments. Moreover, the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT) signaling pathway was found to be involved in the anti-adipogenic effect of ZJL, APG and BA. Collectively, our findings indicate that ZJL and its pure compounds hampered adipocyte differentiation through PI3K/AKT inhibition. Among the selected compounds, BA exhibits the most promising anti-adipogenic activity. Furthermore, being a complex mixture of phytochemicals, the ZJL extract could be utilized as source of yet unknown bioactive leads with potential implementation in obesity management.
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Elías Zambrano R, Jiménez-Marín G, Galiano-Coronil A, Ravina-Ripoll R. Children, Media and Food. A New Paradigm in Food Advertising, Social Marketing and Happiness Management. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18073588. [PMID: 33808388 PMCID: PMC8037704 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18073588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The growing number of children who are obese or overweight in certain countries or geographical areas is a fact, as evidenced by the continuous studies and reports on the subject, endorsed or carried out by the World Health Organisation and independent research. In this context, food and beverage advertising can contribute to this. The main objective of this research is to evaluate compliance with the Food and Drink Advertising Code for Children (PAOS Code) in Spain and its relationship with nutritional habits on television, specifically on channels aimed at children. The methodology is therefore mixed: on the one hand, a qualitative technique based on discourse analysis and, on the other, a quantitative technique based on the content analysis of the advertising broadcast for seven consecutive days on three specialised channels and two generalist channels on Spanish television. The results reveal a systematic noncompliance with this code, which translates into inadequate eating habits among children. The immediate conclusion is that 9 out of 10 parts of food and drink advertising do not comply with any of the rules of the PAOS Code and that self-regulation by the advertising companies is negligible and insufficient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Elías Zambrano
- Audiovisual and Advertising Department, Faculty of Communication, University of Seville, 41012 Seville, Spain;
| | - Gloria Jiménez-Marín
- Audiovisual and Advertising Department, Faculty of Communication, University of Seville, 41012 Seville, Spain;
- Correspondence:
| | - Araceli Galiano-Coronil
- Marketing and Communication Department, Faculty of Social Sciences and Communication and INDESS, University of Cádiz, 11406 Jerez de la Frontera, Spain;
| | - Rafael Ravina-Ripoll
- Business Organization Department and INDESS, Faculty of Economics and Business, University of Cádiz, 11406 Jerez de la Frontera, Spain;
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26
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Georgiev MI, Vasileva LV, Savova MS. Antiobesity molecules of natural origin: Call for lead finding acceleration. FOOD FRONTIERS 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/fft2.59] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Milen I. Georgiev
- Center of Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology Plovdiv Bulgaria
- Laboratory of Metabolomics The Stephan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Plovdiv Bulgaria
| | | | - Martina S. Savova
- Center of Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology Plovdiv Bulgaria
- Laboratory of Metabolomics The Stephan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Plovdiv Bulgaria
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Vasileva LV, Savova MS, Tews D, Wabitsch M, Georgiev MI. Rosmarinic acid attenuates obesity and obesity-related inflammation in human adipocytes. Food Chem Toxicol 2021; 149:112002. [PMID: 33476690 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2021.112002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Chronic low-grade inflammation is a hallmark of obesity and its related metabolic disorders. At the same time signaling from pro-inflammatory factors such as transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) or interleukin 17A (IL-17A) are proposed as crucial for the commitment of fibroblast progenitor cells towards adipogenic differentiation. Modulation of inflammation during adipogenic differentiation is incompletely explored as a potential approach to prevent metabolic disorders. Rosmarinic acid (RA) is a caffeic acid derivative known for its anti-inflammatory effects. Experimental studies of its activity on adipogenic factors or in vivo obesity models are, however, controversial and hence insufficient. Here, we investigated the anti-adipogenic action of RA in human Simpson-Golabi-Behmel syndrome (SGBS) adipocytes. Gene expression levels of key players in adipogenesis and lipid metabolism were assessed. Furthermore, a molecular mechanism of action was proposed. The most prominent effect was found on the translation of C/EBPα, PPARγ and adiponectin, as well as on the modulation of TGF1B and IL17A. Interestingly, involvement of NRF2 signaling was identified upon RA treatment. In summary, our findings indicate that RA prevents inflammation and excessive lipid accumulation in human adipocytes. Data from the molecular analysis demonstrate that RA has potential for treatment of obesity and obesity-related inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liliya V Vasileva
- Department of Plant Cell Biotechnology, Center of Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Martina S Savova
- Department of Plant Cell Biotechnology, Center of Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology, Plovdiv, Bulgaria; Laboratory of Metabolomics, The Stephan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Daniel Tews
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Martin Wabitsch
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Milen I Georgiev
- Department of Plant Cell Biotechnology, Center of Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology, Plovdiv, Bulgaria; Laboratory of Metabolomics, The Stephan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Plovdiv, Bulgaria.
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Healthy Lifestyle Management of Pediatric Obesity with a Hybrid System of Customized Mobile Technology: The PediaFit Pilot Project. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13020631. [PMID: 33669174 PMCID: PMC7919673 DOI: 10.3390/nu13020631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pediatric obesity management strategies suffer from a high rate of dropout and persistence of weight excess, despite the use of new tools, such as automated mobile technology (MT). We aimed to compare the efficacy of two 6-month personalized MT protocols in terms of better engagement, adherence to follow-up visits and improved anthropometric and lifestyle parameters. MT contacts consisted of three personalized/not automated What's App® self-monitoring or challenge messages per week. Messages, sent by a dedicated coach were inserted between three-monthly in-presence regular visits with (PediaFit 1.2) or without (PediaFit 1.1) monthly free-of charge short recall visits carried out by a specialized pediatric team. The sample included 103 children (mean age 10 years, range 6-14) recruited in the Pediatric Obesity Clinic between January 2017 and February 2019, randomized into Intervention group (IG) (n = 24 PediaFit 1.1; n = 30 PediaFit 1.2) and Control group (CG) (total n = 49). Controls received standard treatment only (indications for healthy nutrition and physical activity, and three months in presence regular visits). Overall, both IGs achieved significantly better results than the CGs for all considered parameters. Comparison of the two IGs at the sixth month in particular showed an IG 1.2 statistically significantly lower drop-out rate (10% vs. 62%, p = 0.00009), along with significantly improved BMI (p = 0.003), Screen Time (p = 0.04) and fruit and vegetables consumption (p = 0.02). The study suggests that the hybrid association of messaging through personalized/not automated MT plus monthly free-of charge recall visits may improve the prefixed outcomes of MT weight loss intervention programs.
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Carvalho SDL, Filho ADAB, Barros MBDA, de Assumpção D. Do you think that you eat more than you should? Perception of adolescents from a Brazilian municipality. J Pediatr (Rio J) 2021; 97:66-74. [PMID: 32105605 PMCID: PMC9432109 DOI: 10.1016/j.jped.2019.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Revised: 10/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To estimate the prevalence of the perception of eating more than one should and the associated factors in adolescents, and to analyze differences in dietary indicators according to the perception of overeating. METHODS This is a cross-sectional population-based study with a sample of 912 adolescents, participants of a food consumption survey conducted in 2015-2016, in Campinas, SP, Brazil. RESULTS The prevalence of the perception of eating more than one should was 35.0%, and higher in those who declared themselves non-white, those who had excess weight, those who had high waist circumference, those who would like to change their weight, those who did something to lose weight, and those who evaluated themselves as fat. The prevalence rates were also higher in those who perceived the quality of their diet as poor, who had higher frequencies of consumption of sweets, soft drinks, cold meats, and lower frequencies of consumption of fruits, raw vegetables, and breakfast up to three times a week. Among those who considered themselves as overeating, higher intakes of energy, carbohydrate, protein, fat, added sugar, and sodium were observed, and prevalence rates of 38.5% for overweight and 66.2% for obesity were identified. CONCLUSION The perception of eating more than one should was associated with unhealthy eating practices, the self-assessment of a poor quality diet, dissatisfaction with weight, and inadequate nutritional status. There is a need for further studies to investigate the application of the question "Do you think that you eat more than you should?" as a health behavior indicator.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Marilisa Berti de Azevedo Barros
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Departamento de Saúde Coletiva, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Daniela de Assumpção
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Departamento de Pediatria, Campinas, SP, Brazil.
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Caffeic and Chlorogenic Acids Synergistically Activate Browning Program in Human Adipocytes: Implications of AMPK- and PPAR-Mediated Pathways. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21249740. [PMID: 33371201 PMCID: PMC7766967 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21249740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Caffeic acid (CA) and chlorogenic acid (CGA) are phenolic compounds claimed to be responsible for the metabolic effects of coffee and tea consumption. Along with their structural similarities, they share common mechanisms such as activation of the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling. The present study aimed to investigate the anti-obesity potential of CA and CGA as co-treatment in human adipocytes. The molecular interactions of CA and CGA with key adipogenic transcription factors were simulated through an in silico molecular docking approach. The expression levels of white and brown adipocyte markers, as well as genes related to lipid metabolism, were analyzed by real-time quantitative PCR and Western blot analyses. Mechanistically, the CA/CGA combination induced lipolysis, upregulated AMPK and browning gene expression and downregulated peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) at both transcriptional and protein levels. The gene expression profiles of the CA/CGA-co-treated adipocytes strongly resembled brown-like signatures. Major pathways identified included the AMPK- and PPAR-related signaling pathways. Collectively, these findings indicated that CA/CGA co-stimulation exerted a browning-inducing potential superior to that of either compound used alone which merits implementation in obesity management. Further, the obtained data provide additional insights on how CA and CGA modify adipocyte function, differentiation and lipid metabolism.
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Di Rosa C, Lattanzi G, Taylor SF, Manfrini S, Khazrai YM. Very low calorie ketogenic diets in overweight and obesity treatment: Effects on anthropometric parameters, body composition, satiety, lipid profile and microbiota. Obes Res Clin Pract 2020; 14:491-503. [PMID: 32919928 DOI: 10.1016/j.orcp.2020.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
According to the World Health Organization (WHO) the prevalence of obesity tripled worldwide since 1975. Obesity prevention and treatment is based upon lifestyle changes involving eating habits, physical activity and behaviour therapy. Various dietary patterns have been used as nutritional strategies and, in recent years, interest has been shown in very low calorie ketogenic diets (VLCKD) that provide less than 800 calories (kcal), no more than 20-50 g/day of carbohydrates and 0.8-1.5 g/kg ideal body weight of protein. We conducted a literature review of all clinical trials published between January 2014-November 2019 on people with obesity (PWO) that evaluated VLCKD effects on anthropometric parameters, body composition, satiety, lipid profile and microbiota. Findings from literature showed that VLCKD could be useful to ameliorate the quality of life and sleep of PWO. It leads to a rapid weight loss and results in improvements in body mass index (BMI = kg/m2), waist circumference and fat mass reduction preserving lean body mass and resting metabolic rate. This eating pattern reduced the desire to eat and increased satiety. Little is known regarding the effects of VLCKD on the microbiota of PWO for which it is important to conduct further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Di Rosa
- Unit of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, Via Álvaro del Portillo 21, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Greta Lattanzi
- Unit of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, Via Álvaro del Portillo 21, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Salima F Taylor
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy - Tufts University of Boston, 150 Harrison Ave, 02111 MA, USA
| | - Silvia Manfrini
- Unit of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, Via Álvaro del Portillo 21, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Yeganeh Manon Khazrai
- Unit of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, Via Álvaro del Portillo 21, 00128 Rome, Italy.
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Ramírez-Vélez R, Izquierdo M, Castro-Astudillo K, Medrano-Mena C, Monroy-Díaz AL, Castellanos-Vega RDP, Triana-Reina HR, Correa-Rodríguez M. Weight Loss after 12 Weeks of Exercise and/or Nutritional Guidance Is Not Obligatory for Induced Changes in Local Fat/Lean Mass Indexes in Adults with Excess of Adiposity. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12082231. [PMID: 32722652 PMCID: PMC7468717 DOI: 10.3390/nu12082231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The objectives of this secondary analysis are (1) to investigate the differential effects of exercise training modalities-high-intensity interval training (HIIT), resistance training (RT), combined training (CT = HIIT + RT), and/or nutritional guidance (NG) alone-on local fat/lean mass indexes in adults with excess of adiposity; (2) to identify the individual patterns of response based on either a clinical criterion of weight loss (≥5%) and/or technical error (TE) of measurement of local fat/lean mass indexes; and (3) to assess the individual change for body composition parameters assigned either to HIIT, RT, CT, and/or NG groups utilizing a TE. A 12-week trial was conducted in 55 participants randomized to one of the four interventions. The primary outcome was clinical change in body weight (i.e., weight loss of ≥5%). Secondary outcomes included change in ratio of android and gynoid fat mass, as well as local fat and lean mass indexes (arms, trunk, and legs), before and after intervention. The main findings from the current analysis revealed that (i) after 12 weeks of follow-up, significant decreases in several body composition indexes were found including body weight, arm, trunk, and legs fat mass, and android and gynecoid fat mass were observed in HIIT, RT, and CT groups (p < 0.05); (ii) a significant proportion of individuals showed a positive response following 12 weeks of training, led by the HIIT group with 44% and followed by RT with 39% in 9 indexes; (iii) the HIIT group showed lowest rates of adverse responders with (6%); and (iv) the individual patterns of response utilizing clinically meaningful weight loss were not necessarily associated with the corresponding individual training-induced changes in body composition indexes in adults with excess of adiposity. Overall, the study suggests that HIIT has an important ability to reduce the prevalence of non-response to improve body composition indexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robinson Ramírez-Vélez
- Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra (CHN), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Navarra, Spain;
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-695-526-321
| | - Mikel Izquierdo
- Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra (CHN), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Navarra, Spain;
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Karem Castro-Astudillo
- Centro de Acondicionamiento Físico y Nutrición, KCFIT, Santiago de Cali, Valle 760011, Colombia;
| | - Carolina Medrano-Mena
- Facultad de Organización Deportiva, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Nuevo León 66455, Mexico;
| | - Angela Liliana Monroy-Díaz
- Programa de Bacteriología y Laboratorio Clínico, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud-Universidad de Boyacá, Tunja 150003, Boyacá, Colombia;
| | | | - Héctor Reynaldo Triana-Reina
- Grupo GICAEDS, Programa de Cultura Física, Deporte y Recreación, Universidad Santo Tomás, Bogotá 110311, Colombia;
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Gechev T, Georgiev MI, Fernie AR. PlantaSyst: Teaming up for Systems Biology and Biotechnology. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 25:621-624. [PMID: 32414602 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2020.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We describe the principles of PlantaSYST as an example for the novel European Teaming projects, funded under the 'Spreading Excellence and Widening Participation' Horizon 2020 program. The goal of the Teaming projects is to bridge the gap between research centers with low and high participation in the EU framework program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsanko Gechev
- Center of Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology, 139 Ruski Blvd, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria; University of Plovdiv, 24 Tsar Assen Street, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria.
| | - Milen I Georgiev
- Center of Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology, 139 Ruski Blvd, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria; The Stephan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 139 Ruski Blvd, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Alisdair R Fernie
- Center of Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology, 139 Ruski Blvd, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria; Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
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Vasileva LV, Savova MS, Amirova KM, Dinkova-Kostova AT, Georgiev MI. Obesity and NRF2-mediated cytoprotection: Where is the missing link? Pharmacol Res 2020; 156:104760. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.104760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 03/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Cespedes-Acuña CL. Recent advances in natural products research and their toxicological extrapolations (Ranprte). Food Chem Toxicol 2020; 140:111308. [PMID: 32222550 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2020.111308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos L Cespedes-Acuña
- Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Eco-toxicology, Research Group in Chemistry and Biotechnology of Bioactive Natural Products, Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, University of Bio-Bío, Andrés Bello Avenue # 720, Chillan, Chile.
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Sharifi-Rad J, Rodrigues CF, Sharopov F, Docea AO, Can Karaca A, Sharifi-Rad M, Kahveci Karıncaoglu D, Gülseren G, Şenol E, Demircan E, Taheri Y, Suleria HAR, Özçelik B, Nur Kasapoğlu K, Gültekin-Özgüven M, Daşkaya-Dikmen C, Cho WC, Martins N, Calina D. Diet, Lifestyle and Cardiovascular Diseases: Linking Pathophysiology to Cardioprotective Effects of Natural Bioactive Compounds. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E2326. [PMID: 32235611 PMCID: PMC7177934 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17072326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Heart and blood vessels disorders comprise one of the main causes of death worldwide. Pharmacologically active natural compounds have been used as a complementary therapy in cardiovascular disease around the world in a traditional way. Dietary, natural bioactive compounds, as well as healthy lifestyles, are considered to prevent coronary artery diseases. Pre-clinical and clinical studies reported that consumption of plant-food bioactive derivatives including polyphenolic compounds, peptides, oligosaccharides, vitamins, unsaturated fatty acids possess protective effects on cardiovascular diseases. This review aims to summarize the cardiovascular risk factors, pre-clinical studies and clinical trials related to cardioprotective properties of the plant-food-derived bioactive compounds. Molecular mechanisms by the natural bioactive compounds exert their cardiovascular protective properties have also been highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javad Sharifi-Rad
- Zabol Medicinal Plants Research Center, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol 61615-585, Iran;
| | - Célia F. Rodrigues
- LEPABE—Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, s/n, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal;
| | - Farukh Sharopov
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Avicenna Tajik State Medical University, Rudaki 139, 734003 Dushanbe, Tajikistan;
| | - Anca Oana Docea
- Department of Toxicology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania;
| | - Aslı Can Karaca
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, Istanbul 34469, Turkey; (A.C.K.); (D.K.K.); (B.O.); (K.N.K.); (M.G.-Ö.)
| | - Mehdi Sharifi-Rad
- Department of Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman 7616913555, Iran;
| | - Derya Kahveci Karıncaoglu
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, Istanbul 34469, Turkey; (A.C.K.); (D.K.K.); (B.O.); (K.N.K.); (M.G.-Ö.)
| | - Gözde Gülseren
- Department of Food Engineering, Chemical and Metallurgical Faculty, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak Istanbul 34469, Turkey; (G.G.); (E.Ş.); (E.D.)
| | - Ezgi Şenol
- Department of Food Engineering, Chemical and Metallurgical Faculty, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak Istanbul 34469, Turkey; (G.G.); (E.Ş.); (E.D.)
| | - Evren Demircan
- Department of Food Engineering, Chemical and Metallurgical Faculty, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak Istanbul 34469, Turkey; (G.G.); (E.Ş.); (E.D.)
| | - Yasaman Taheri
- Phytochemistry Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1991953381, Iran;
| | | | - Beraat Özçelik
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, Istanbul 34469, Turkey; (A.C.K.); (D.K.K.); (B.O.); (K.N.K.); (M.G.-Ö.)
- Bioactive Research & Innovation Food Manufac. Indust. Trade Ltd., Katar Street, Teknokent ARI-3, B110, Sarıyer, Istanbul 34467, Turkey
| | - Kadriye Nur Kasapoğlu
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, Istanbul 34469, Turkey; (A.C.K.); (D.K.K.); (B.O.); (K.N.K.); (M.G.-Ö.)
| | - Mine Gültekin-Özgüven
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, Istanbul 34469, Turkey; (A.C.K.); (D.K.K.); (B.O.); (K.N.K.); (M.G.-Ö.)
| | - Ceren Daşkaya-Dikmen
- Pladis TR R&D Department, Kısıklı mah., Ferah cad. Üsküdar İstanbul 34692, Turkey;
| | - William C. Cho
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, 30 Gascoigne Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Natália Martins
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Professor Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (i3S), University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Daniela Calina
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
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Gamala M, Jacobs JWG. Gout and hyperuricaemia: a worldwide health issue of joints and beyond. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2020; 58:2083-2085. [PMID: 31298293 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/kez272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mihaela Gamala
- Department of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Department of Rheumatology, Northwest Clinics, Alkmaar and Den Helder, The Netherlands
| | - Johannes W G Jacobs
- Department of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Alomari MA, Khabour OF, Alzoubi KH. Metabolic differences between men and women who are long-term users of the water pipe: The Irbid WiHi project. JOURNAL OF VASCULAR NURSING 2020; 38:18-24. [PMID: 32178786 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvn.2019.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Revised: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Smoking tobacco and metabolic disorders are global epidemics associated with cardiovascular, immune, respiratory, and metabolic diseases. Cigarette smoking seems to affect metabolic disorders. However, the effect of water pipe (Wp), also called hookah, smoking duration on obesity and lipid profile is still a sparse. The present study examined the relationship of smoking Wp with body weight (Bw), body mass index (BMI), total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLc), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLc), total cholesterol/HDLc, LDLc/HDLc, and triglycerides. Obesity, lipid profile, and smoking status were obtained from a total of 291 participants of which 147 smoked Wp. Smokers were divided into 3 groups: smoked <10 years (Wp1) (n = 72), smoked 10-20 years (Wp2) (n = 43), and smoked >20 years (Wp3) (n = 30). The ANCOVA revealed greater BMI and Bw and lipid profile measures in individuals smoking Wp vs never (P < .01). Additional analysis revealed that Bw and BMI were greater in the women (n = 11) with longer Wp smoking history (P < .05) but not the men (n = 19). In addition, Tc, LDLc, Tc/HDLc, and LDLc/HDLc levels were greater among the men smoking Wp for longer time (P < .05), but not the women. In conclusion, the study found greater obesity and lipid profile in the adults smoked Wp vs never, especially the ones smoked for longer time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud A Alomari
- Department of Physical Education, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar; Division of Physical Therapy, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan.
| | - Omar F Khabour
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Karem H Alzoubi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
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Liu D, Huang J, Luo Y, Wen B, Wu W, Zeng H, Zhonghua L. Fuzhuan Brick Tea Attenuates High-Fat Diet-Induced Obesity and Associated Metabolic Disorders by Shaping Gut Microbiota. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:13589-13604. [PMID: 31735025 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b05833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
An increasing amount of evidence suggests that the metabolic improvement of high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese mice by Fuzhuan brick tea (FBT) is associated with gut microbiota. However, the causalities between FBT and gut microbiota have not yet been elucidated and the underlying mechanisms of action remain unclear. To impart direct evidence for the essential role of gut microbiota in the attenuation of obesity by FBT, the effects of FBT on healthy mice and microbiota-depleted mice that were treated with antibiotics were compared in an HFD-induced obesity mouse model. The results showed that FBT dramatically ameliorated obesity, serum lipid parameters, blood glucose homeostasis, hepatic steatosis, adipocyte hypertrophy, and tissue inflammation. However, the microbiota-depleted mice with single bacterium (Escherichia-Shigella) after antibiotic treatment were resistant to FBT-induced antiobesity and metabolic improvement. The beneficial effects of FBT resulted from its shift on gut microbiota composition and structure in mice. HFD-induced increase in the phyla Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes (F/B) ratio was remarkably restored by FBT. Furthermore, FBT-induced increase in abundances of beneficial bacteria Clostridiaceae, Bacteroidales, and Lachnospiraceae and decreases in harmful Ruminococcaceae, Peptococcaceae, Peptostreptococcaceae, and Erysipelotrichaceae were causal antecedents for FBT to reduce obesity and improve metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongmin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Tea Science , Hunan Agricultural University , Changsha 410128 , China
- Changsha University of Science & Technology , Changsha 410114 , China
| | - Jianan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Tea Science , Hunan Agricultural University , Changsha 410128 , China
- National Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients , Changsha 410128 , China
| | - Yong Luo
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Tea Science , Hunan Agricultural University , Changsha 410128 , China
| | - Beibei Wen
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Tea Science , Hunan Agricultural University , Changsha 410128 , China
| | - Wenliang Wu
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Tea Science , Hunan Agricultural University , Changsha 410128 , China
- Tea Research Institute , Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Changsha 410125 , China
| | - Hongliang Zeng
- Research Institute of Chinese Medicine , Hunan Academy of Chinese Medicine , Changsha , Hunan 410013 , China
| | - Liu Zhonghua
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Tea Science , Hunan Agricultural University , Changsha 410128 , China
- National Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients , Changsha 410128 , China
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Samodien E, Pheiffer C, Erasmus M, Mabasa L, Louw J, Johnson R. Diet-induced DNA methylation within the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus and dysregulated leptin and insulin signaling in the pathophysiology of obesity. Food Sci Nutr 2019; 7:3131-3145. [PMID: 31660128 PMCID: PMC6804761 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.1169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Revised: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity rates continue to rise in an unprecedented manner in what could be the most rapid population‐scale shift in human phenotype ever to occur. Increased consumption of unhealthy, calorie‐dense foods, coupled with sedentary lifestyles, is the main factor contributing to a positive energy balance and the development of obesity. Leptin and insulin are key hormones implicated in pathogenesis of this disorder and are crucial for controlling whole‐body energy homeostasis. Their respective function is mediated by the counterbalance of anorexigenic and orexigenic neurons located within the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus. Dysregulation of leptin and insulin signaling pathways within this brain region may contribute not only to the development of obesity, but also systemically affect the peripheral organs, thereby manifesting as metabolic diseases. Although the exact mechanisms detailing how these hypothalamic nuclei contribute to disease pathology are still unclear, increasing evidence suggests that altered DNA methylation may be involved. This review evaluates animal studies that have demonstrated diet‐induced DNA methylation changes in genes that regulate energy homeostasis within the arcuate nucleus, and elucidates possible mechanisms causing hypothalamic leptin and insulin resistance leading to the development of obesity and metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebrahim Samodien
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform South African Medical Research Council. Tygerberg Cape Town South Africa
| | - Carmen Pheiffer
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform South African Medical Research Council. Tygerberg Cape Town South Africa.,Department of Medical Physiology Stellenbosch University Tygerberg South Africa
| | - Melisse Erasmus
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform South African Medical Research Council. Tygerberg Cape Town South Africa.,Department of Medical Physiology Stellenbosch University Tygerberg South Africa
| | - Lawrence Mabasa
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform South African Medical Research Council. Tygerberg Cape Town South Africa
| | - Johan Louw
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform South African Medical Research Council. Tygerberg Cape Town South Africa.,Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology University of Zululand KwaDlangezwa South Africa
| | - Rabia Johnson
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform South African Medical Research Council. Tygerberg Cape Town South Africa.,Department of Medical Physiology Stellenbosch University Tygerberg South Africa
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Samodien E, Johnson R, Pheiffer C, Mabasa L, Erasmus M, Louw J, Chellan N. Diet-induced hypothalamic dysfunction and metabolic disease, and the therapeutic potential of polyphenols. Mol Metab 2019; 27:1-10. [PMID: 31300352 PMCID: PMC6717768 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2019.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Revised: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of obesity and metabolic diseases continues to rise globally. The increased consumption of unhealthy energy-rich diets that are high in fat and sugars results in oxidative stress and inflammation leading to hypothalamic dysfunction, which has been linked with these diseases. Conversely, diets rich in polyphenols, which are phytochemicals known for their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, are associated with a reduced risk for developing metabolic diseases. SCOPE OF REVIEW This review provides an overview of the effects of polyphenols against diet-induced hypothalamic dysfunction with respect to neural inflammation and mitochondrial dysfunction. Results show that polyphenols ameliorate oxidative stress and inflammation within the hypothalamus, thereby improving leptin signaling and mitochondrial biogenesis. Furthermore, they protect against neurodegeneration by decreasing the production of reactive oxygen species and enhancing natural antioxidant defense systems. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS The potential of polyphenols as nutraceuticals against hypothalamic inflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and neurodegeneration could hold tremendous value. With hypothalamic inflammation increasing naturally with age, the potential to modulate these processes in order to extend longevity is exciting and warrants exploration. The continued escalation of mental health disorders, which are characterized by heightened neuronal inflammation, necessitates the furthered investigation into polyphenol therapeutic usage in this regard.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebrahim Samodien
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, Cape Town, South Africa.
| | - Rabia Johnson
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Medical Physiology, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Carmen Pheiffer
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Medical Physiology, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Lawrence Mabasa
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Melisse Erasmus
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Medical Physiology, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Johan Louw
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Zululand, KwaDlangezwa 3886, South Africa
| | - Nireshni Chellan
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Medical Physiology, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, Cape Town, South Africa
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EVANGELISTA MM, CRISP AH, ROSSATO SL, VIEIRA CM, BOSSA R, OLIVEIRA MRMD. Randomized controlled trial protocol: A quanti-quali approach for analyzing the results of an intervention on the waiting list for bariatric surgery. REV NUTR 2019. [DOI: 10.1590/1678-9865201932e180234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Objective This article aims to describe the protocol of a randomized clinical trial and the baseline results of the study of a one-year interdisciplinary intervention in users of the public health system in the bariatric surgery waiting list. Methods A randomized, single-blind clinical trial will be conducted including 88 participants recruited on an outpatient clinic of the public health system. Participants were randomized into the control group (n=44), receiving the usual treatment; and into the intervention group (n=44), participating in the educational intervention. Participants had their food intake, negative affectivity and physical inactivity/sedentary behavior assessed, as well as anthropometric and body composition measurements; their blood samples were collected; and also had different physical capacity tests. Results Of the 157 participants invited, 27 had severe functional limitations, one was under-age, and four declined the study due to associated diseases. Eighty-eight participants were randomized: 44 for the Control Group and 44 for the Intervention Group. When comparing the demographic and biochemical characteristics, there were no differences between groups except for serum glucose (GC=110.4±46.8mg/dL and GI93.1±16.9mg/dL, p=0.039). Conclusion This study protocol describes the methodology used in the study of educational intervention for the promotion of health care of patients on the waiting list for bariatric surgery. It shows that there is similarity between the baseline comparison groups. Registro Brasileiro de Ensaios Clínicos (Brazilian Clinical Trials Registry), RBR-775y3d.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alex Harley CRISP
- Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”, Brasil; Universidade Metodista de Piracicaba, Brasil
| | - Sinara Laurini ROSSATO
- Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”, Brasil; Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”, Brasil
| | - Carla Maria VIEIRA
- Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”, Brasil; Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”, Brasil
| | - Rayli BOSSA
- Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”, Brasil; Centro Universitário de Rio Preto, Brasil
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