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Wexler Y, Schroeder JI, Shkolnik D. Hydrotropism mechanisms and their interplay with gravitropism. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 118:1732-1746. [PMID: 38394056 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Plants partly optimize their water recruitment from the growth medium by directing root growth toward a moisture source, a phenomenon termed hydrotropism. The default mechanism of downward growth, termed gravitropism, often functions to counteract hydrotropism when the water-potential gradient deviates from the gravity vector. This review addresses the identity of the root sites in which hydrotropism-regulating factors function to attenuate gravitropism and the interplay between these various factors. In this context, the function of hormones, including auxin, abscisic acid, and cytokinins, as well as secondary messengers, calcium ions, and reactive oxygen species in the conflict between these two opposing tropisms is discussed. We have assembled the available data on the effects of various chemicals and genetic backgrounds on both gravitropism and hydrotropism, to provide an up-to-date perspective on the interactions that dictate the orientation of root tip growth. We specify the relevant open questions for future research. Broadening our understanding of root mechanisms of water recruitment holds great potential for providing advanced approaches and technologies that can improve crop plant performance under less-than-optimal conditions, in light of predicted frequent and prolonged drought periods due to global climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonatan Wexler
- Faculty of Life Sciences, School of Plant Sciences and Food Security, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel
| | - Julian I Schroeder
- Cell and Developmental Biology Department, School of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, 92093-0116, USA
| | - Doron Shkolnik
- Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
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2
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Hao B, Zhang R, Zhang C, Wen N, Xia Y, Zhao Y, Li Q, Qiao L, Li W. Characterization of OsPIN2 Mutants Reveal Novel Roles for Reactive Oxygen Species in Modulating Not Only Root Gravitropism but Also Hypoxia Tolerance in Rice Seedlings. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:476. [PMID: 38498461 PMCID: PMC10892736 DOI: 10.3390/plants13040476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Tolerance to submergence-induced hypoxia is an important agronomic trait especially for crops in lowland and flooding-affected areas. Although rice (Oryza sativa) is considered a flood-tolerant crop, only limited cultivars display strong tolerance to prolonged submergence and/or hypoxic stress. Therefore, characterization of hypoxic resistant genes and/or germplasms have important theoretical and practical significance for rice breeding and sustained improvements. Previous investigations have demonstrated that loss-of-function of OsPIN2, a gene encoding an auxin efflux transporter, results in the loss of root gravitropism due to disrupted auxin transport in the root tip. In this study, we revealed a novel connection between OsPIN2 and reactive oxygen species (ROS) in modulating root gravitropism and hypoxia tolerance in rice. It is shown that the OsPIN2 mutant had decreased accumulation of ROS in root tip, due to the downregulation of glycolate oxidase encoding gene OsGOX6, one of the main H2O2 sources. The morphological defects of root including waved rooting and agravitropism in OsPIN2 mutant may be rescued partly by exogenous application of H2O2. The OsPIN2 mutant exhibited increased resistance to ROS toxicity in roots due to treatment with H2O2. Furthermore, it is shown that the OsPIN2 mutant had increased tolerance to hypoxic stress accompanied by lower ROS accumulation in roots, because the hypoxia stress led to over production of ROS in the roots of the wild type but not in that of OsPIN2 mutant. Accordingly, the anoxic resistance-related gene SUB1B showed differential expression in the root of the WT and OsPIN2 mutant in response to hypoxic conditions. Notably, compared with the wild type, the OsPIN2 mutant displayed a different pattern of auxin distribution in the root under hypoxia stress. It was shown that hypoxia stress caused a significant increase in auxin distribution in the root tip of the WT but not in that of the war1 mutant. In summary, these results suggested that OsPIN2 may play a role in regulating ROS accumulation probably via mediating auxin transport and distribution in the root tip, affecting root gravitropism and hypoxic tolerance in rice seedlings. These findings may contribute to the genetic improvement and identification of potential hypoxic tolerant lines in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bowen Hao
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; (B.H.); (R.Z.); (C.Z.); (N.W.); (Y.X.); (Y.Z.); (Q.L.); (L.Q.)
| | - Ruihan Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; (B.H.); (R.Z.); (C.Z.); (N.W.); (Y.X.); (Y.Z.); (Q.L.); (L.Q.)
| | - Chengwei Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; (B.H.); (R.Z.); (C.Z.); (N.W.); (Y.X.); (Y.Z.); (Q.L.); (L.Q.)
| | - Na Wen
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; (B.H.); (R.Z.); (C.Z.); (N.W.); (Y.X.); (Y.Z.); (Q.L.); (L.Q.)
| | - Yu Xia
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; (B.H.); (R.Z.); (C.Z.); (N.W.); (Y.X.); (Y.Z.); (Q.L.); (L.Q.)
| | - Yang Zhao
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; (B.H.); (R.Z.); (C.Z.); (N.W.); (Y.X.); (Y.Z.); (Q.L.); (L.Q.)
| | - Qinying Li
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; (B.H.); (R.Z.); (C.Z.); (N.W.); (Y.X.); (Y.Z.); (Q.L.); (L.Q.)
| | - Lei Qiao
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; (B.H.); (R.Z.); (C.Z.); (N.W.); (Y.X.); (Y.Z.); (Q.L.); (L.Q.)
| | - Wenqiang Li
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; (B.H.); (R.Z.); (C.Z.); (N.W.); (Y.X.); (Y.Z.); (Q.L.); (L.Q.)
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
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3
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Seth T, Asija S, Umar S, Gupta R. The intricate role of lipids in orchestrating plant defense responses. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 338:111904. [PMID: 37925973 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2023.111904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Plants are exposed to a variety of pests and pathogens that reduce crop productivity. Plants respond to such attacks by activating a sophisticated signaling cascade that initiates with the recognition of pests/pathogens and may culminate into a resistance response. Lipids, being the structural components of cellular membranes, function as mediators of these signaling cascades and thus are instrumental in the regulation of plant defense responses. Accumulating evidence indicates that various lipids such as oxylipins, phospholipids, glycolipids, glycerolipids, sterols, and sphingolipids, among others, are involved in mediating cell signaling during plant-pathogen interaction with each lipid exhibiting a specific biological relevance, follows a distinct biosynthetic mechanism, and contributes to specific signaling cascade(s). Omics studies have further confirmed the involvement of lipid biosynthetic enzymes including the family of phospholipases in the production of defense signaling molecules subsequent to pathogen attack. Lipids participate in stress signaling by (1) mediating the signal transduction, (2) acting as precursors for bioactive molecules, (3) regulating ROS formation, and (4) interacting with various phytohormones to orchestrate the defense response in plants. In this review, we present the biosynthetic pathways of different lipids, their specific functions, and their intricate roles upstream and downstream of phytohormones under pathogen attack to get a deeper insight into the molecular mechanism of lipids-mediated regulation of defense responses in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanashvi Seth
- Department of Botany, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Sejal Asija
- Department of Botany, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Shahid Umar
- Department of Botany, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Ravi Gupta
- College of General Education, Kookmin University, Seoul 02707, South Korea.
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4
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Kumar A, Verma K, Kashyap R, Joshi VJ, Sircar D, Yadav SR. Auxin-responsive ROS homeostasis genes display dynamic expression pattern during rice crown root primordia morphogenesis. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 206:108307. [PMID: 38159549 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.108307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are generated continuously as a by-product of aerobic metabolism in plants. While excessive ROS cause oxidative stresses in cells, they act as signaling molecules when maintained at an optimum concentration through the dynamic equilibrium of ROS metabolizing mechanisms to regulate growth, development and response to environmental stress. Auxin and its crosstalk with other signaling cascades are crucial for maintaining ROS homeostasis and orchestrating root architecture but dissecting the underlying mechanism requires detailed investigation at the molecular level. Rice fibrous root system is primarily composed of shoot-derived adventitious roots (also called crown roots). Here, we uncover auxin-ROS cross-talk during initiation and growth of rice roots. Potassium iodide treatment changes ROS levels that results in an altered rice root architecture. We reveal that auxin induction recover root growth and development defects by recouping level of hydrogen peroxide. By comparing global datasets previously generated by auxin induction and laser capture microdissection-RNA sequencing, we identify the redox-related antioxidants genes from peroxidase, glutathione reductase, glutathione S-transferase, and thioredoxin reductase families whose expression is regulated by the auxin signaling and also display dynamic expression patterns during crown root primordia morphogenesis. The auxin-mediated differential transcriptome data were validated by quantifying expression levels of a set of genes upon auxin induction. Further, in-depth spatio-temporal expression pattern analysis by RNA in situ hybridization shows the spatially restricted expression of selected genes in the developing crown root primordia. Together, our findings uncover molecular components of auxin-ROS crosstalk involved in root organogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akshay Kumar
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Komal Verma
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Rohan Kashyap
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Vedika Jayant Joshi
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Debabrata Sircar
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Shri Ram Yadav
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India.
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5
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Singh T, Bisht N, Ansari MM, Chauhan PS. The hidden harmony: Exploring ROS-phytohormone nexus for shaping plant root architecture in response to environmental cues. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 206:108273. [PMID: 38103339 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.108273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Root system architecture, encompassing lateral roots and root hairs, plays a vital in overall plant growth and stress tolerance. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and plant hormones intricately regulate root growth and development, serving as signaling molecules that govern processes such as cell proliferation and differentiation. Manipulating the interplay between ROS and hormones has the potential to enhance nutrient absorption, stress tolerance, and agricultural productivity. In this review, we delve into how studying these processes provides insights into how plants respond to environmental changes and optimize growth patterns to better control cellular processes and stress responses in crops. We discuss various factors and complex signaling networks that may exist among ROS and phytohormones during root development. Additionally, the review highlights possible role of reactive nitrogen species (RNS) in ROS-phytohormone interactions and in shaping root system architecture according to environmental cues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanya Singh
- CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute (CSIR-NBRI), Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Nikita Bisht
- CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute (CSIR-NBRI), Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow, India
| | - Mohd Mogees Ansari
- CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute (CSIR-NBRI), Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Puneet Singh Chauhan
- CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute (CSIR-NBRI), Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India.
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6
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Wang T, Li X, Liu N, Yang Y, Gong Q. TurboID-based proximity labelling reveals a connection between VPS34 and cellular homeostasis. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 289:154100. [PMID: 37748420 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2023.154100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
Unlike animals, plants and yeasts only have a class III phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3KC3). Its lipid product, phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate (PtdIns-3-P, PI3P), organizes intracellular trafficking routes such as autophagosome formation, multivesicular body (MVB) formation, retro-transport from trans-Golgi network (TGN) to late Golgi, and the fusion events between autophagosomes and MVBs and the vacuole. The catalytic subunit of plant PI3KC3 is encoded by the essential gene Vacuolar Protein Sorting 34 (VPS34). Despite the importance of VPS34 in cellular homeostasis and plant development, a VPS34 interactome is lacking. Here we employed TurboID, an enzyme-catalyzed proximity labelling (PL) method, to describe a proximal interactome of Arabidopsis VPS34. TurboID catalyzed spatially restricted biotinylation and enabled VPS34-specific enrichment of 273 proteins from affinity purification coupled with mass spectrometry. The interactome confirmed known functions of VPS34 in endo-lysosomal trafficking. Intriguingly, carbohydrate metabolism was the most enriched Gene Ontology (GO) term, including glycolytic enzymes in the triose portion and enzymes functioning in chloroplast triose export and sucrose biosynthesis. The interaction between VPS34 and the glycolytic enzyme glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH, GAPC1/2) was validated in planta. Also verified was the interaction between VPS34 and the plasma membrane H+-ATPase AHA2, a primary determinant of membrane potential. Our study links PI3KC3 to carbohydrate metabolism and membrane potential, two key processes that maintain cellular homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taotao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism & Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, PR China
| | - Xinjing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism & Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, PR China
| | - Ningjing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism & Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, PR China
| | - Yi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism & Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, PR China
| | - Qingqiu Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism & Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, PR China.
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7
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Sinha MK, Aski MS, Mishra GP, Kumar MBA, Yadav PS, Tokas JP, Gupta S, Pratap A, Kumar S, Nair RM, Schafleitner R, Dikshit HK. Genome wide association analysis for grain micronutrients and anti-nutritional traits in mungbean [ Vigna radiata (L.) R. Wilczek] using SNP markers. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1099004. [PMID: 36824166 PMCID: PMC9941709 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1099004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Mungbean is an important food grain legume for human nutrition and nutritional food due to its nutrient-dense seed, liked palatability, and high digestibility. However, anti-nutritional factors pose a significant risk to improving nutritional quality for bio-fortification. In the present study, genetic architecture of grain micronutrients (grain iron and zinc concentration) and anti-nutritional factors (grain phytic acid and tannin content) in association mapping panel of 145 diverse mungbean were evaluated. Based on all four parameters genotypes PUSA 1333 and IPM 02-19 were observed as desired genotypes as they had high grain iron and zinc concentration but low grain phytic acid and tannin content. The next generation sequencing (NGS)-based genotyping by sequencing (GBS) identified 14,447 genome-wide SNPs in a diverse selected panel of 127 mungbean genotypes. Population admixture analysis revealed the presence of four different ancestries among the genotypes and LD decay of ∼57.6 kb kb physical distance was noted in mungbean chromosomes. Association mapping analysis revealed that a total of 20 significant SNPs were shared by both GLM and Blink models associated with grain micronutrient and anti-nutritional factor traits, with Blink model identifying 35 putative SNPs. Further, this study identified the 185 putative candidate genes. Including potential candidate genes Vradi07g30190, Vradi01g09630, and Vradi09g05450 were found to be associated with grain iron concentration, Vradi10g04830 with grain zinc concentration, Vradi08g09870 and Vradi01g11110 with grain phytic acid content and Vradi04g11580 and Vradi06g15090 with grain tannin content. Moreover, two genes Vradi07g15310 and Vradi09g05480 showed significant variation in protein structure between native and mutated versions. The identified SNPs and candidate genes are potential powerful tools to provide the essential information for genetic studies and marker-assisted breeding program for nutritional improvement in mungbean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayank Kumar Sinha
- Division of Genetics, ICAR - Indian Council of Agricultural Research– Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Muraleedhar S. Aski
- Division of Genetics, ICAR - Indian Council of Agricultural Research– Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India,*Correspondence: Muraleedhar S. Aski,
| | - Gyan Prakash Mishra
- Division of Genetics, ICAR - Indian Council of Agricultural Research– Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India,Gyan Prakash Mishra,
| | - M. B. Arun Kumar
- Division of Seed Science and Technology, ICAR – Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Prachi S. Yadav
- Division of Genetics, ICAR - Indian Council of Agricultural Research– Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Jayanti P. Tokas
- Division of Biochemistry, Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hissar, India
| | - Sanjeev Gupta
- Krishi Bhavan, Indian Council of Agricultural Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Aditya Pratap
- Division of Crop Improvement, ICAR – Indian Institute of Pulses Research, Kanpur, India
| | - Shiv Kumar
- International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA), New Delhi, India
| | | | | | - Harsh Kumar Dikshit
- Division of Genetics, ICAR - Indian Council of Agricultural Research– Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India,Harsh Kumar Dikshit,
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Wang L, Jian Z, Wang P, Zhao L, Chen K. Combined physiological responses and differential expression of drought-responsive genes preliminarily explain the drought resistance mechanism of Lotus corniculatus. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2023; 50:46-57. [PMID: 36031596 DOI: 10.1071/fp22051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Lotus corniculatus L. is a perennial high-quality legume forage species but is vulnerable to drought, and water deficit reduces productivity. To understand the drought response mechanism of L. corniculatus , we investigated physiological responses under drought stress and constructed suppression subtractive hybridisation (SSH) cDNA libraries to isolate drought-inducible genes and quantitatively study the expression levels of candidate drought- responsive genes. Genes encoding calmodulin-like protein, mitogen-activated protein kinase, indole-3-acetic acid-induced protein, ser/thr-protein phosphatase homolog-related proteins, and β -galactosidase-related protein with hydrolysis activity were isolated and considered the main factors that explained the resistance of L. corniculatus to drought. Approximately 632 expressed sequence tags (ESTs) were identified and confirmed in the constructed SSH library. The Gene Ontology (GO) analysis revealed that these genes were involved mainly in transcription processes, protein synthesis, material metabolism, catalytic reactions, sugar metabolism, and photosynthesis. The interaction between the functions of these drought-related genes and the physiological responses preliminarily explains the drought resistance mechanisms of L. corniculatus .
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Affiliation(s)
- Leiting Wang
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Zhongling Jian
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Puchang Wang
- Guizhou Institute of Prataculture, Guiyang 550006, China
| | - Lili Zhao
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; and State Engineering Technology Institute for Karst Rocky Desertification Control, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Keke Chen
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
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Lu C, Tian Y, Hou X, Hou X, Jia Z, Li M, Hao M, Jiang Y, Wang Q, Pu Q, Yin Z, Li Y, Liu B, Kang X, Zhang G, Ding X, Liu Y. Multiple forms of vitamin B 6 regulate salt tolerance by balancing ROS and abscisic acid levels in maize root. STRESS BIOLOGY 2022; 2:39. [PMID: 37676445 PMCID: PMC10441934 DOI: 10.1007/s44154-022-00061-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
Salt stress causes osmotic stress, ion toxicity and oxidative stress, inducing the accumulation of abscisic acid (ABA) and excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, which further damage cell structure and inhibit the development of roots in plants. Previous study showed that vitamin B6 (VB6) plays a role in plant responses to salt stress, however, the regulatory relationship between ROS, VB6 and ABA under salt stress remains unclear yet in plants. In our study, we found that salt stress-induced ABA accumulation requires ROS production, in addition, salt stress also promoted VB6 (including pyridoxamine (PM), pyridoxal (PL), pyridoxine (PN), and pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP)) accumulation, which involved in ROS scavenging and ABA biosynthesis. Furthermore, VB6-deficient maize mutant small kernel2 (smk2) heterozygous is more susceptible to salt stress, and which failed to scavenge excessive ROS effectively or induce ABA accumulation in maize root under salt stress, interestingly, which can be restored by exogenous PN and PLP, respectively. According to these results, we proposed that PN and PLP play an essential role in balancing ROS and ABA levels under salt stress, respectively, it laid a foundation for VB6 to be better applied in crop salt resistance than ABA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chongchong Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant Protection; Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Yuan Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant Protection; Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Xuanxuan Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant Protection; Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Xin Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant Protection; Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Zichang Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant Protection; Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Min Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant Protection; Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Mingxia Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant Protection; Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Yanke Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant Protection; Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Qingbin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant Protection; Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, Shandong, China
- Shandong Pengbo Biotechnology Co., LTD, Taian, 271018, China
| | - Qiong Pu
- Shandong Agriculture and Engineering University, Jinan, 250000, Shandong, China
| | - Ziyi Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant Protection; Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Yang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant Protection; Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Baoyou Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant Protection; Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, Shandong, China
- Yantai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yantai, 265500, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaojing Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant Protection; Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Guangyi Zhang
- Shandong Xinyuan Seed Industry Co., LTD, Taian, 271000, China
| | - Xinhua Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant Protection; Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, Shandong, China.
| | - Yinggao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant Protection; Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, Shandong, China.
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Berrios L, Rentsch JD. Linking Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) to Abiotic and Biotic Feedbacks in Plant Microbiomes: The Dose Makes the Poison. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23084402. [PMID: 35457220 PMCID: PMC9030523 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23084402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In nature, plants develop in complex, adaptive environments. Plants must therefore respond efficiently to environmental stressors to maintain homeostasis and enhance their fitness. Although many coordinated processes remain integral for achieving homeostasis and driving plant development, reactive oxygen species (ROS) function as critical, fast-acting orchestrators that link abiotic and biotic responses to plant homeostasis and development. In addition to the suite of enzymatic and non-enzymatic ROS processing pathways that plants possess, they also rely on their microbiota to buffer and maintain the oxidative window needed to balance anabolic and catabolic processes. Strong evidence has been communicated recently that links ROS regulation to the aggregated function(s) of commensal microbiota and plant-growth-promoting microbes. To date, many reports have put forth insightful syntheses that either detail ROS regulation across plant development (independent of plant microbiota) or examine abiotic–biotic feedbacks in plant microbiomes (independent of clear emphases on ROS regulation). Here we provide a novel synthesis that incorporates recent findings regarding ROS and plant development in the context of both microbiota regulation and plant-associated microbes. Specifically, we discuss various roles of ROS across plant development to strengthen the links between plant microbiome functioning and ROS regulation for both basic and applied research aims.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis Berrios
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Correspondence:
| | - Jeremy D. Rentsch
- Department of Biology, Francis Marion University, Florence, SC 29502, USA;
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Husna, Hussain A, Shah M, Hamayun M, Qadir M, Iqbal A. Heavy metal tolerant endophytic fungi Aspergillus welwitschiae improves growth, ceasing metal uptake and strengthening antioxidant system in Glycine max L. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:15501-15515. [PMID: 34625902 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-16640-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In modern agricultural practice, heavy metal (HM) contamination is one of the main abiotic stress threatening sustainable agriculture, crop productivity, and disturb natural soil microbiota. Different reclamation techniques are used to restore the contaminated site; however, they are either costly or unable to remove contaminant when concentration is very low. In such circumstances, bioremediation is used as a novel technique involving microbes for soil restoration. In the current project, Aspergillus welwitschiae(Bk) efficiently endure metal stress (i.e., Cr-VI and As-V in the form of K2Cr2O7 and Na3AsO4) up to 1200 μg/mL and enhanced the production of phytohormones, i.e., 54.83 μg/mL of indole acetic acid (IAA) compared to control 15.56 μg/mL, solubilized inorganic phosphate, and produced stress-related metabolites. The isolate Bk was able to enhance growth of soybean by showing higher root shoot length and fresh/dry weight under stress (p<0.05). Besides, the strain strengthened the antioxidant system of the host increasing enzymatic antioxidants, i.e., catalases (CAT) by 1.58 and 1.11 fold, ascorbic acid oxidase (AAO) by 6.75 and 7.94 fold, peroxidase activity (POD) by 1.12 and 1.37 fold, and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) by 1.42 and 1.25 fold at 50 μg/mL of chromate and arsenate. Thus, actively scavenging the reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced results in lower ROS accumulation and high ROS scavenging. On the other hand, the isolates cut down Cr and As uptake by approximately 50% at 50 μg/mL from the medium while bio-transforming it, thereby stabilizing it and assisting the host to resume normal growth, thus avoiding phytotoxicity. It is evident from the current study that A. welwitschiae may potentially be used as a bioremediating agent for reclamation of Cr- and As-contaminated soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Husna
- Department of Botany, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Garden Campus, Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Anwar Hussain
- Department of Botany, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Garden Campus, Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.
| | - Mohib Shah
- Department of Botany, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Garden Campus, Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Hamayun
- Department of Botany, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Garden Campus, Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Qadir
- Department of Botany, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Garden Campus, Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Amjad Iqbal
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Garden Campus, Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
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12
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Oloka BM, da Silva Pereira G, Amankwaah VA, Mollinari M, Pecota KV, Yada B, Olukolu BA, Zeng ZB, Craig Yencho G. Discovery of a major QTL for root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita) resistance in cultivated sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas). TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2021; 134:1945-1955. [PMID: 33813604 PMCID: PMC8263542 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-021-03797-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Utilizing a high-density integrated genetic linkage map of hexaploid sweetpotato, we discovered a major dominant QTL for root-knot nematode (RKN) resistance and modeled its effects. This discovery is useful for development of a modern sweetpotato breeding program that utilizes marker-assisted selection and genomic selection approaches for faster genetic gain of RKN resistance. The root-knot nematode [Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid & White) Chitwood] (RKN) causes significant storage root quality reduction and yields losses in cultivated sweetpotato [Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.]. In this study, resistance to RKN was examined in a mapping population consisting of 244 progenies derived from a cross (TB) between 'Tanzania,' a predominant African landrace cultivar with resistance to RKN, and 'Beauregard,' an RKN susceptible major cultivar in the USA. We performed quantitative trait loci (QTL) analysis using a random-effect QTL mapping model on the TB genetic map. An RKN bioassay incorporating potted cuttings of each genotype was conducted in the greenhouse and replicated five times over a period of 10 weeks. For each replication, each genotype was inoculated with ca. 20,000 RKN eggs, and root-knot galls were counted ~62 days after inoculation. Resistance to RKN in the progeny was highly skewed toward the resistant parent, exhibiting medium to high levels of resistance. We identified one major QTL on linkage group 7, dominant in nature, which explained 58.3% of the phenotypic variation in RKN counts. This work represents a significant step forward in our understanding of the genetic architecture of RKN resistance and sets the stage for future utilization of genomics-assisted breeding in sweetpotato breeding programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bonny Michael Oloka
- Department of Horticultural Science, North Carolina State University, 214 Kilgore Hall, Box 7609, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
- National Agricultural Research Organisation (NARO), National Crops Resources Research Institute (NaCRRI), Namulonge, P.O. Box 7084, Kampala, Uganda
| | | | - Victor A Amankwaah
- Department of Horticultural Science, North Carolina State University, 214 Kilgore Hall, Box 7609, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
- CSIR-Crops Research Institute, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Marcelo Mollinari
- Department of Horticultural Science, North Carolina State University, 214 Kilgore Hall, Box 7609, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Kenneth V Pecota
- Department of Horticultural Science, North Carolina State University, 214 Kilgore Hall, Box 7609, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Benard Yada
- National Agricultural Research Organisation (NARO), National Crops Resources Research Institute (NaCRRI), Namulonge, P.O. Box 7084, Kampala, Uganda
| | | | - Zhao-Bang Zeng
- Department of Horticultural Science, North Carolina State University, 214 Kilgore Hall, Box 7609, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - G Craig Yencho
- Department of Horticultural Science, North Carolina State University, 214 Kilgore Hall, Box 7609, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA.
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13
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Cséplő Á, Zsigmond L, Andrási N, Baba AI, Labhane NM, Pető A, Kolbert Z, Kovács HE, Steinbach G, Szabados L, Fehér A, Rigó G. The AtCRK5 Protein Kinase Is Required to Maintain the ROS NO Balance Affecting the PIN2-Mediated Root Gravitropic Response in Arabidopsis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:5979. [PMID: 34205973 PMCID: PMC8197844 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The Arabidopsis AtCRK5 protein kinase is involved in the establishment of the proper auxin gradient in many developmental processes. Among others, the Atcrk5-1 mutant was reported to exhibit a delayed gravitropic response via compromised PIN2-mediated auxin transport at the root tip. Here, we report that this phenotype correlates with lower superoxide anion (O2•-) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) levels but a higher nitric oxide (NO) content in the mutant root tips in comparison to the wild type (AtCol-0). The oxidative stress inducer paraquat (PQ) triggering formation of O2•- (and consequently, H2O2) was able to rescue the gravitropic response of Atcrk5-1 roots. The direct application of H2O2 had the same effect. Under gravistimulation, correct auxin distribution was restored (at least partially) by PQ or H2O2 treatment in the mutant root tips. In agreement, the redistribution of the PIN2 auxin efflux carrier was similar in the gravistimulated PQ-treated mutant and untreated wild type roots. It was also found that PQ-treatment decreased the endogenous NO level at the root tip to normal levels. Furthermore, the mutant phenotype could be reverted by direct manipulation of the endogenous NO level using an NO scavenger (cPTIO). The potential involvement of AtCRK5 protein kinase in the control of auxin-ROS-NO-PIN2-auxin regulatory loop is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ágnes Cséplő
- Biological Research Centre (BRC), Institute of Plant Biology, Eötvös Loránd Research Network (ELKH), H-6726 Szeged, Hungary; (Á.C.); (L.Z.); (N.A.); (A.I.B.); (H.E.K.); (G.S.); (L.S.); (A.F.)
| | - Laura Zsigmond
- Biological Research Centre (BRC), Institute of Plant Biology, Eötvös Loránd Research Network (ELKH), H-6726 Szeged, Hungary; (Á.C.); (L.Z.); (N.A.); (A.I.B.); (H.E.K.); (G.S.); (L.S.); (A.F.)
| | - Norbert Andrási
- Biological Research Centre (BRC), Institute of Plant Biology, Eötvös Loránd Research Network (ELKH), H-6726 Szeged, Hungary; (Á.C.); (L.Z.); (N.A.); (A.I.B.); (H.E.K.); (G.S.); (L.S.); (A.F.)
| | - Abu Imran Baba
- Biological Research Centre (BRC), Institute of Plant Biology, Eötvös Loránd Research Network (ELKH), H-6726 Szeged, Hungary; (Á.C.); (L.Z.); (N.A.); (A.I.B.); (H.E.K.); (G.S.); (L.S.); (A.F.)
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-901 83 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Nitin M. Labhane
- Department of Botany, Bhavan’s College Andheri West, Mumbai 400058, India;
| | - Andrea Pető
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Szeged, 52. Középfasor, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary; (A.P.); (Z.K.)
- Food Chain Safety Center Nonprofit Ltd., H-1024 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zsuzsanna Kolbert
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Szeged, 52. Középfasor, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary; (A.P.); (Z.K.)
| | - Hajnalka E. Kovács
- Biological Research Centre (BRC), Institute of Plant Biology, Eötvös Loránd Research Network (ELKH), H-6726 Szeged, Hungary; (Á.C.); (L.Z.); (N.A.); (A.I.B.); (H.E.K.); (G.S.); (L.S.); (A.F.)
- Budapest, Kossuth Lajos Sugárút, 72/D, H-6724 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Gábor Steinbach
- Biological Research Centre (BRC), Institute of Plant Biology, Eötvös Loránd Research Network (ELKH), H-6726 Szeged, Hungary; (Á.C.); (L.Z.); (N.A.); (A.I.B.); (H.E.K.); (G.S.); (L.S.); (A.F.)
- Cellular Imaging Laboratory, Biological Research Centre, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary
| | - László Szabados
- Biological Research Centre (BRC), Institute of Plant Biology, Eötvös Loránd Research Network (ELKH), H-6726 Szeged, Hungary; (Á.C.); (L.Z.); (N.A.); (A.I.B.); (H.E.K.); (G.S.); (L.S.); (A.F.)
| | - Attila Fehér
- Biological Research Centre (BRC), Institute of Plant Biology, Eötvös Loránd Research Network (ELKH), H-6726 Szeged, Hungary; (Á.C.); (L.Z.); (N.A.); (A.I.B.); (H.E.K.); (G.S.); (L.S.); (A.F.)
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Szeged, 52. Középfasor, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary; (A.P.); (Z.K.)
| | - Gábor Rigó
- Biological Research Centre (BRC), Institute of Plant Biology, Eötvös Loránd Research Network (ELKH), H-6726 Szeged, Hungary; (Á.C.); (L.Z.); (N.A.); (A.I.B.); (H.E.K.); (G.S.); (L.S.); (A.F.)
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Dvořák P, Krasylenko Y, Ovečka M, Basheer J, Zapletalová V, Šamaj J, Takáč T. In vivo light-sheet microscopy resolves localisation patterns of FSD1, a superoxide dismutase with function in root development and osmoprotection. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2021; 44:68-87. [PMID: 32974958 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Superoxide dismutases (SODs) are enzymes detoxifying superoxide to hydrogen peroxide while temporal developmental expression and subcellular localisation are linked to their functions. Therefore, we aimed here to reveal in vivo developmental expression, subcellular, tissue- and organ-specific localisation of iron superoxide dismutase 1 (FSD1) in Arabidopsis using light-sheet and Airyscan confocal microscopy. FSD1-GFP temporarily accumulated at the site of endosperm rupture during seed germination. In emerged roots, it showed the highest abundance in cells of the lateral root cap, columella, and endodermis/cortex initials. The largest subcellular pool of FSD1-GFP was localised in the plastid stroma, while it was also located in the nuclei and cytosol. The majority of the nuclear FSD1-GFP is immobile as revealed by fluorescence recovery after photobleaching. We found that fsd1 knockout mutants exhibit reduced lateral root number and this phenotype was reverted by genetic complementation. Mutant analysis also revealed a requirement for FSD1 in seed germination during salt stress. Salt stress tolerance was coupled with the accumulation of FSD1-GFP in Hechtian strands and superoxide removal. It is likely that the plastidic pool is required for acquiring oxidative stress tolerance in Arabidopsis. This study suggests new developmental and osmoprotective functions of SODs in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petr Dvořák
- Department of Cell Biology, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Yuliya Krasylenko
- Department of Cell Biology, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Ovečka
- Department of Cell Biology, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jasim Basheer
- Department of Cell Biology, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Veronika Zapletalová
- Department of Cell Biology, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jozef Šamaj
- Department of Cell Biology, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Takáč
- Department of Cell Biology, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
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15
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Stasko AK, Batnini A, Bolanos-Carriel C, Lin JE, Lin Y, Blakeslee JJ, Dorrance AE. Auxin Profiling and GmPIN Expression in Phytophthora sojae-Soybean Root Interactions. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2020; 110:1988-2002. [PMID: 32602813 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-02-20-0046-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Auxin (indole-3-acetic acid, IAA) has been implicated as a susceptibility factor in both beneficial and pathogenic molecular plant-microbe interactions. Previous studies have identified a large number of auxin-related genes underlying quantitative disease resistance loci (QDRLs) for Phytophthora sojae. Thus, we hypothesized that auxin may be involved the P. sojae-soybean interaction. The levels of IAA and related metabolites were measured in mycelia and media supernatant as well as in mock and inoculated soybean roots in a time course assay. The expression of 11 soybean Pin-formed (GmPIN) auxin efflux transporter genes was also examined. Tryptophan, an auxin precursor, was detected in the P. sojae mycelia and media supernatant. During colonization of roots, levels of IAA and related metabolites were significantly higher in both moderately resistant Conrad and moderately susceptible Sloan inoculated roots compared with mock controls at 48 h postinoculation (hpi) in one experiment and at 72 hpi in a second, with Sloan accumulating higher levels of the auxin catabolite IAA-Ala than Conrad. Additionally, one GmPIN at 24 hpi, one at 48 hpi, and three at 72 hpi had higher expression in inoculated compared with the mock control roots in Conrad. The ability of resistant cultivars to cope with auxin accumulation may play an important role in quantitative disease resistance. Levels of jasmonic acid (JA), another plant hormone associated with defense responses, were also higher in inoculated roots at these same time points, suggesting that JA also plays a role during the later stages of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna K Stasko
- Department of Plant Pathology, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691
- Center for Soybean Research, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691
| | - Amine Batnini
- Department of Plant Pathology, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691
- Center for Soybean Research, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691
| | - Carlos Bolanos-Carriel
- Department of Plant Pathology, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691
- Center for Soybean Research, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691
| | - Jinshan Ella Lin
- Department of Horticulture and Crop Science and OARDC Metabolite Analysis Cluster, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691
| | - Yun Lin
- Department of Horticulture and Crop Science and OARDC Metabolite Analysis Cluster, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691
| | - Joshua J Blakeslee
- Department of Horticulture and Crop Science and OARDC Metabolite Analysis Cluster, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691
- Center for Applied Plant Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Anne E Dorrance
- Department of Plant Pathology, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691
- Center for Soybean Research, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691
- Center for Applied Plant Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
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16
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Pak Dek MS, Padmanabhan P, Tiwari K, Todd JF, Paliyath G. Structural and functional characterization of Solanum lycopersicum phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase C2 domain. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2020; 148:180-192. [PMID: 31972387 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2020.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinases (PI3Ks) are characterized by the presence of a C2 domain at the N-terminal end (class I, III); or at both the N-terminal and C-terminal ends (class II), sometimes including a Plextrin homology domain and/or a Ras domain. Plant PI3Ks are analogous to the class III mammalian PI3K. An N-terminal fragment (~170 aa) of the tomato PI3K regulatory domain including the C2 domain, was cloned and expressed in a bacterial system. This protein was purified to homogeneity and its physicochemical properties analyzed. The purified protein showed strong binding with monophosphorylated phosphatidylinositols, and the binding was dependent on calcium ion concentration and pH. In the overall tertiary structure of PI3K, C2 domain showed unique characteristics, having three antiparallel beta-sheets, hydrophobic regions, acidic as well as alkaline motifs, that can enable its membrane binding upon activation. To elucidate the functional significance of C2 domain, transgenic tobacco plants expressing the C2 domain of PI3K were generated. Transgenic plants showed defective pollen development and disrupted seed set. Flowers from the PI3K-C2 transgenic plants showed delayed wilting, and a decrease in ethylene production. It is likely that introduction of the PI3K-C2 segment may have interfered with the normal binding of PI3K to the membrane, delaying the onset of membrane lipid catabolism that lead to senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Sabri Pak Dek
- Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada; Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Priya Padmanabhan
- Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Krishnaraj Tiwari
- Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - James F Todd
- Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada; Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs, Simcoe Research Station, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gopinadhan Paliyath
- Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada.
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17
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Lu S, Yu J, Ma L, Dou D. Two phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase components are involved in interactions between Nicotiana benthamiana and Phytophthora by regulating pathogen effectors and host cell death. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2020; 47:293-302. [PMID: 32054565 DOI: 10.1071/fp19155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate (PtdIns(3)P) has been reported to regulate different physiological processes in plants. PtdIns(3)P is synthesised by the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) complex which includes common subunits of vacuolar protein sorting (VPS)15, VPS30 and VPS34. Here, we characterised the roles of the important genes NbVPS15, -30 and -34 encoding PI3K components during interactions between Nicotiana benthamiana and Phytophthora pathogens. NbVPS15 and NbVPS34 were upregulated during infection, and plants deficient in these two genes displayed higher resistance to two different Phytophthora pathogens. Silencing NbVPS15 and NbVPS34 decreased the content of PtdIns(3)P in plant cells and the stability of three RxLR (containing the characteristic amino-terminal motif of arginine-X-leucine-arginine, X is any amino acid) effectors. Furthermore, NbVPS15, -30 and -34 were essential for autolysosome formation during Phytophthora capsici infection and limiting programmed cell death (PCD) induced by effectors and elicitors. Taken together, these findings suggest that NbVPS15 and NbVPS34 play a critical role in the resistance of N. benthamiana to Phytophthora pathogens by regulating PtdIns(3)P contents and host PCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Lu
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; and State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; and Corresponding author.
| | - Jia Yu
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Lina Ma
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Daolong Dou
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
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18
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Agudelo-Romero P, Fortes AM, Suárez T, Lascano HR, Saavedra L. Evolutionary insights into FYVE and PHOX effector proteins from the moss Physcomitrella patens. PLANTA 2020; 251:62. [PMID: 32040768 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-020-03354-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Genome-wide identification, together with gene expression patterns and promoter region analysis of FYVE and PHOX proteins in Physcomitrella patens, emphasized their importance in regulating mainly developmental processes in P. patens. Phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate (PtdIns3P) is a signaling phospholipid, which regulates several aspects of plant growth and development, as well as responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. The mechanistic insights underlying PtdIns3P mode of action, specifically through effector proteins have been partially explored in plants, with main focus on Arabidopsis thaliana. In this study, we searched for genes coding for PtdIns3P-binding proteins such as FYVE and PHOX domain-containing sequences from different photosynthetic organisms to gather evolutionary insights on these phosphoinositide binding domains, followed by an in silico characterization of the FYVE and PHOX gene families in the moss Physcomitrella patens. Phylogenetic analysis showed that PpFYVE proteins can be grouped in 7 subclasses, with an additional subclass whose FYVE domain was lost during evolution to higher plants. On the other hand, PpPHOX proteins are classified into 5 subclasses. Expression analyses based on RNAseq data together with the analysis of cis-acting regulatory elements and transcription factor (TF) binding sites in promoter regions suggest the importance of these proteins in regulating stress responses but mainly developmental processes in P. patens. The results provide valuable information and robust candidate genes for future functional analysis aiming to further explore the role of this signaling pathway mainly during growth and development of tip growing cells and during the transition from 2 to 3D growth. These studies would identify ancestral regulatory players undertaken during plant evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Agudelo-Romero
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, M082, Perth, 6009, Australia
- The ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, The University of Western Australia, M316 Perth, Perth, 6009, Australia
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Ana Margarida Fortes
- Faculdade de Ciências, BioISI-Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Trinidad Suárez
- Cátedra de Fisiología Vegetal, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Centro de Investigaciones en Química Biológica de Córdoba, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Hernán Ramiro Lascano
- Cátedra de Fisiología Vegetal, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
- CONICET-Instituto de Fisiología y Recursos Genéticos Vegetales, Centro de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Laura Saavedra
- Cátedra de Fisiología Vegetal, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina.
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas y Tecnológicas (IIByT), CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina.
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Zhang H, Liu X, Zhang X, Qin N, Xu K, Yin W, Zheng Y, Song Y, Zeng R, Liu J. Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase Promotes Oxidative Burst, Stomatal Closure and Plant Immunity in Bacterial Invasion. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 10:1740. [PMID: 32117334 PMCID: PMC7025545 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) plays a vital role in plant response to abiotic stress. However, the role of PI3K in plant immunity is largely unknown. This study showed that PI3K enhanced Arabidopsis resistance to Pseudomonas syringae pv tomato DC3000 (Pst DC3000) and Pst DC3000 (avrRpt2). Overexpression of AtVPS34 promoted stomatal closure while PI3K inhibitors blocked that after spray inoculation. Additionally, gene expression of AtVPS34 was increased upon infection by Pst DC3000 (avrRpt2), and SA upregulated AtVPS34 gene expression in this process. Furthermore, overexpression of AtVPS34 enhanced PR gene expression after syringe infiltration with Pst DC3000 (avrRpt2), while PI3K inhibitors inhibited that. The production of hydrogen peroxide and the expression of gene encoding antioxidant enzyme were both enhanced in AtVPS34 overexpressing lines after spray inoculation or syringe infiltration with Pst DC3000 (avrRpt2). Collectively, these results unraveled a novel and broad role of PI3K in plant immunity which promoted stomatal closure and PR gene expression possibly via regulating ROS production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiying Zhang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Biology, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Biology, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiyong Zhang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Biology, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ningning Qin
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Biology, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Kaifang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Weihua Yin
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Biology, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yueqin Zheng
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Biology, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yuanyuan Song
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Rensen Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jian Liu
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
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20
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Zhang H, Tan X, Li L, He Y, Hong G, Li J, Lin L, Cheng Y, Yan F, Chen J, Sun Z. Suppression of auxin signalling promotes rice susceptibility to Rice black streaked dwarf virus infection. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2019; 20:1093-1104. [PMID: 31250531 PMCID: PMC6640184 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.12814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Auxin plays a fundamental role in plant growth and development, and also influences plant defence against various pathogens. Previous studies have examined the different roles of the auxin pathway during infection by biotrophic bacteria and necrotrophic fungi. We now show that the auxin signalling pathway was markedly down-regulated following infection of rice by Rice black streaked dwarf virus (RBSDV), a dsRNA virus. Repression of the auxin receptor TIR1 by a mutant overexpressing miR393 increased rice susceptibility to RBSDV. Mutants overexpressing the auxin signalling repressors OsIAA20 and OsIAA31 were also more susceptible to RBSDV. The induction of jasmonic acid (JA) pathway genes in response to RBSDV was supressed in auxin signalling mutants, suggesting that activation of the JA pathway may be part of the auxin signalling-mediated rice defence against RBSDV. More importantly, our results also revealed that OsRboh-mediated reactive oxygen species levels played important roles in this defence. The results offer novel insights into the regulatory mechanisms of auxin signalling in the rice-RBSDV interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hehong Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Sustainable Control of Pest and DiseaseInstitute of Plant Virology, Ningbo UniversityNingbo315211China
| | - Xiaoxiang Tan
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Sustainable Control of Pest and DiseaseInstitute of Plant Virology, Ningbo UniversityNingbo315211China
| | - Lulu Li
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Sustainable Control of Pest and DiseaseInstitute of Plant Virology, Ningbo UniversityNingbo315211China
| | - Yuqing He
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA and Zhejiang ProvinceInstitute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural SciencesHangzhou310021China
| | - Gaojie Hong
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA and Zhejiang ProvinceInstitute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural SciencesHangzhou310021China
| | - Junmin Li
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Sustainable Control of Pest and DiseaseInstitute of Plant Virology, Ningbo UniversityNingbo315211China
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA and Zhejiang ProvinceInstitute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural SciencesHangzhou310021China
| | - Lin Lin
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Sustainable Control of Pest and DiseaseInstitute of Plant Virology, Ningbo UniversityNingbo315211China
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA and Zhejiang ProvinceInstitute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural SciencesHangzhou310021China
| | - Ye Cheng
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Sustainable Control of Pest and DiseaseInstitute of Plant Virology, Ningbo UniversityNingbo315211China
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA and Zhejiang ProvinceInstitute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural SciencesHangzhou310021China
| | - Fei Yan
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Sustainable Control of Pest and DiseaseInstitute of Plant Virology, Ningbo UniversityNingbo315211China
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA and Zhejiang ProvinceInstitute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural SciencesHangzhou310021China
| | - Jianping Chen
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Sustainable Control of Pest and DiseaseInstitute of Plant Virology, Ningbo UniversityNingbo315211China
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA and Zhejiang ProvinceInstitute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural SciencesHangzhou310021China
| | - Zongtao Sun
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Sustainable Control of Pest and DiseaseInstitute of Plant Virology, Ningbo UniversityNingbo315211China
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA and Zhejiang ProvinceInstitute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural SciencesHangzhou310021China
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21
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Xu L, Li S, Shabala S, Jian T, Zhang W. Plants Grown in Parafilm-Wrapped Petri Dishes Are Stressed and Possess Altered Gene Expression Profile. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:637. [PMID: 31156687 PMCID: PMC6529517 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2018] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Arabidopsis is used as a model species in numerous physiological and genetic studies. Most of them employ parafilm-wrapped sterile culture. Here we demonstrate that this method is prone to potential artifacts and can lead to erroneous conclusions. We compared the effect of different sealing methods including air-permeable paper tape and traditional parafilm on Arabidopsis seedling growth, root development and gene expression network. Although seedlings grown in Petri dishes after 1 week sealed with paper tape showed a similar growth phenotype to that of parafilm-sealed seedlings, more than 700 differentially expressed genes (DEG) were found, including stress and nutrition-responsive genes. In addition, more H2O2 was accumulated in the tissues of parafilm-sealed plants. After 14 days of growth, paper tape-sealed plants grew much better than parafilm-sealed ones and accumulated higher chlorophyll content, with 490 DEGs found. After 3 weeks of growth, paper tape-sealed plants had higher chlorophyll and better growth compared to parafilm-sealed ones; and only 10 DEGs were found at this stage. Thus, the obvious phenotype observed at the latter stage was a result of differential gene expression at earlier time points, mostly of defense, abiotic stress, nutrition, and phytohormone-responsive genes. More O2 content was detected inside paper tape-sealed Petri dishes at early growth stage (7 days), and distinct difference in the CO2 content was observed between parafilm-sealed and paper tape-sealed Petri dishes. Furthermore, the carbon source also influenced seedlings growth with different sealing methods. In conclusion, conventional sealing using parafilm was not the optimal choice, most likely because of the limited gas exchange and a consequent stress caused to plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Xu
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Centre for Grain Industry/Engineering Research Centre of Ecology and Agricultural Use of Wetland, Ministry of Education, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shengjie Li
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Centre for Grain Industry/Engineering Research Centre of Ecology and Agricultural Use of Wetland, Ministry of Education, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Sergey Shabala
- Tasmanian Institute for Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Tao Jian
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Centre for Grain Industry/Engineering Research Centre of Ecology and Agricultural Use of Wetland, Ministry of Education, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Wenying Zhang
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Centre for Grain Industry/Engineering Research Centre of Ecology and Agricultural Use of Wetland, Ministry of Education, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Wenying Zhang,
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22
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Muthert LWF, Izzo LG, van Zanten M, Aronne G. Root Tropisms: Investigations on Earth and in Space to Unravel Plant Growth Direction. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:1807. [PMID: 32153599 PMCID: PMC7047216 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Root tropisms are important responses of plants, allowing them to adapt their growth direction. Research on plant tropisms is indispensable for future space programs that envisage plant-based life support systems for long-term missions and planet colonization. Root tropisms encompass responses toward or away from different environmental stimuli, with an underexplored level of mechanistic divergence. Research into signaling events that coordinate tropistic responses is complicated by the consistent coincidence of various environmental stimuli, often interacting via shared signaling mechanisms. On Earth the major determinant of root growth direction is the gravitational vector, acting through gravitropism and overruling most other tropistic responses to environmental stimuli. Critical advancements in the understanding of root tropisms have been achieved nullifying the gravitropic dominance with experiments performed in the microgravity environment. In this review, we summarize current knowledge on root tropisms to different environmental stimuli. We highlight that the term tropism must be used with care, because it can be easily confused with a change in root growth direction due to asymmetrical damage to the root, as can occur in apparent chemotropism, electrotropism, and magnetotropism. Clearly, the use of Arabidopsis thaliana as a model for tropism research contributed much to our understanding of the underlying regulatory processes and signaling events. However, pronounced differences in tropisms exist among species, and we argue that these should be further investigated to get a more comprehensive view of the signaling pathways and sensors. Finally, we point out that the Cholodny-Went theory of asymmetric auxin distribution remains to be the central and unifying tropistic mechanism after 100 years. Nevertheless, it becomes increasingly clear that the theory is not applicable to all root tropistic responses, and we propose further research to unravel commonalities and differences in the molecular and physiological processes orchestrating root tropisms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Luigi Gennaro Izzo
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- *Correspondence: Luigi Gennaro Izzo,
| | - Martijn van Zanten
- Molecular Plant Physiology, Institute of Environmental Biology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Giovanna Aronne
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
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23
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Apostolakos P, Livanos P, Giannoutsou E, Panteris E, Galatis B. The intracellular and intercellular cross-talk during subsidiary cell formation in Zea mays: existing and novel components orchestrating cell polarization and asymmetric division. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2018; 122:679-696. [PMID: 29346521 PMCID: PMC6215039 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcx193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/25/2017] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Background Formation of stomatal complexes in Poaceae is the outcome of three asymmetric and one symmetric cell division occurring in particular leaf protodermal cells. In this definite sequence of cell division events, the generation of subsidiary cells is of particular importance and constitutes an attractive model for studying local intercellular stimulation. In brief, an induction stimulus emitted by the guard cell mother cells (GMCs) triggers a series of polarization events in their laterally adjacent protodermal cells. This signal determines the fate of the latter cells, forcing them to divide asymmetrically and become committed to subsidiary cell mother cells (SMCs). Scope This article summarizes old and recent structural and molecular data mostly derived from Zea mays, focusing on the interplay between GMCs and SMCs, and on the unique polarization sequence occurring in both cell types. Recent evidence suggests that auxin operates as an inducer of SMC polarization/asymmetric division. The intercellular auxin transport is facilitated by the distribution of a specific transmembrane auxin carrier and requires reactive oxygen species (ROS). Interestingly, the local differentiation of the common cell wall between SMCs and GMCs is one of the earliest features of SMC polarization. Leucine-rich repeat receptor-like kinases, Rho-like plant GTPases as well as the SCAR/WAVE regulatory complex also participate in the perception of the morphogenetic stimulus and have been implicated in certain polarization events in SMCs. Moreover, the transduction of the auxin signal and its function are assisted by phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase and the products of the catalytic activity of phospholipases C and D. Conclusion In the present review, the possible role(s) of each of the components in SMC polarization and asymmetric division are discussed, and an overall perspective on the mechanisms beyond these phenomena is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Apostolakos
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - P Livanos
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - E Giannoutsou
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - E Panteris
- Department of Botany, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece
| | - B Galatis
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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24
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Liu F, Hu W, Vierstra RD. The Vacuolar Protein Sorting-38 Subunit of the Arabidopsis Phosphatidylinositol-3-Kinase Complex Plays Critical Roles in Autophagy, Endosome Sorting, and Gravitropism. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:781. [PMID: 29967628 PMCID: PMC6016017 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The family of phosphatidylinositols (PtdIns) plays essential roles in membrane identity and intracellular trafficking events. In animals and yeast, PtdIn-3-phosphate, which is particularly important for endosomal sorting, lysosomal/vacuolar transport and autophagy, is assembled by two conserved kinase complexes comprised of the catalytic VACUOLAR PROTEIN SORTING (VPS)-34 subunit, along with VPS15, AUTOPHAGY-RELATED (ATG)-6, and either ATG14 (complex I) or VPS38 (complex II). Here, we describe the Arabidopsis ortholog of VPS38 and show by interaction assays that it assembles into a tetrameric PtdIn-3 kinase complex II. Plants missing VPS38 are viable but have dampened pollen germination and heightened seed abortion, and display a dwarf rosette phenotype, with defects in leaf and vascular development and sucrose sensing. vps38 seeds accumulate irregular protein storage vesicles and suppress processing of storage proteins into their mature forms. Consistent with a role for PtdIn-3-phosphate in autophagy, vps38 mutants are hypersensitive to nitrogen and fixed-carbon starvation and show reduced autophagic transport of cargo into vacuoles. vps38 seedlings also have dampened root gravitropism, which is underpinned by aberrant vectoral auxin transport likely caused by defects in plasma membrane/endosome cycling of the PIN-FORMED family of auxin transporters necessary for asymmetric cell elongation. Collectively, this study places VPS38 and its class-III PtdIn-3 kinase complex at the nexus of numerous endosomal trafficking events important to plant growth and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fen Liu
- Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States
- South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weiming Hu
- Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Richard D. Vierstra
- Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States
- *Correspondence: Richard D. Vierstra,
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25
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Sumida S, Ito M, Galis I, Nakatani H, Shinya T, Ohnishi K, Hikichi Y, Kiba A. Phosphoinositide 3-kinase participates in l-methionine sulfoximine-induced cell death via salicylic acid mediated signaling in Nicotiana benthamiana. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 218:167-170. [PMID: 28866325 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2017.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Revised: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Pseudomonas syringae pv. tabaci causes wildfire disease by the action of tabtoxinine-β-lactam (TβL), a non-specific bacterial toxin. To better understand the molecular mechanisms of wildfire disease and its development, we focused on the phosphoinositide 3-kinase in Nicotiana benthamiana (NbPI3K) and its potential role in the disease outbreak, using l-methionine sulfoximine (MSX) as an easily accessible mimic of the TβL action. The NbPI3K-silenced plants showed accelerated induction of cell death and necrotic lesion formation by MSX, and the expression of hin1, marker gene for the programmed cell death, was strongly induced in the plants. However, the accumulation of ammonium ions, caused by MSX inhibition of glutamine sythetase activity, was not affected by the NbPI3K-silencing. Interestingly, the expression of PR-1a, a marker gene for salicylic acid (SA) innate immunity signaling, and accumulation of SA were both enhanced in the NbPI3K-silenced plants. Accordingly, the acceleration of MSX-induced cell death by NbPI3K-silencing was reduced in NahG plants, and by double silencing of NbPI3K together with the NbICS1 encoding a SA-biosynthetic enzyme. As silencing of NbPI3K accelerated the TβL-induced necrotic lesions, and lesions of wildfire disease caused by P. syringae pv. tabaci, these results suggest that the NbPI3K-related pathway might act as a negative regulator of cell death during development of wildfire disease that involves SA-dependent signaling pathway downstream of TβL action in N. benthamiana.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayuri Sumida
- Laboratory of Plant Pathology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kochi University, Nankoku 783-8502, Japan
| | - Makoto Ito
- Laboratory of Plant Pathology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kochi University, Nankoku 783-8502, Japan
| | - Ivan Galis
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Okayama 710-0046, Japan
| | - Hiroko Nakatani
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Okayama 710-0046, Japan
| | - Tomonori Shinya
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Okayama 710-0046, Japan
| | - Kouhei Ohnishi
- Research Institute of Molecular Genetics, Kochi University, Nankoku, Kochi 783-8502, Japan
| | - Yasufumi Hikichi
- Laboratory of Plant Pathology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kochi University, Nankoku 783-8502, Japan
| | - Akinori Kiba
- Laboratory of Plant Pathology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kochi University, Nankoku 783-8502, Japan.
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26
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Tognetti VB, Bielach A, Hrtyan M. Redox regulation at the site of primary growth: auxin, cytokinin and ROS crosstalk. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2017; 40:2586-2605. [PMID: 28708264 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Revised: 06/17/2017] [Accepted: 06/24/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
To maintain the activity of meristems is an absolute requirement for plant growth and development, and the role of the plant hormones auxin and cytokinin in apical meristem function is well established. Only little attention has been given, however, to the function of the reactive oxygen species (ROS) gradient along meristematic tissues and its interplay with hormonal regulatory networks. The interdependency between auxin-related, cytokinin-related and ROS-related circuits controls primary growth and development while modulating plant morphology in response to detrimental environmental factors. Because ROS interaction with redox-active compounds significantly affects the cellular redox gradient, the latter constitutes an interface for crosstalk between hormone and ROS signalling pathways. This review focuses on the mechanisms underlying ROS-dependent interactions with redox and hormonal components in shoot and root apical meristems which are crucial for meristems maintenance when plants are exposed to environmental hardships. We also emphasize the importance of cell type and the subcellular compartmentalization of ROS and redox networks to obtain a holistic understanding of how apical meristems adapt to stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanesa B Tognetti
- Mendel Centre for Plant Genomics and Proteomics, Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC), Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Agnieszka Bielach
- Mendel Centre for Plant Genomics and Proteomics, Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC), Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Mónika Hrtyan
- Mendel Centre for Plant Genomics and Proteomics, Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC), Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
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27
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Singh KL, Mukherjee A, Kar RK. Early axis growth during seed germination is gravitropic and mediated by ROS and calcium. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 216:181-187. [PMID: 28704703 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2017.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Revised: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 07/02/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In plant establishment, seed germination is characterized by the emergence of a radicle for secured anchorage to the soil and nutrient and water uptake. Early growth of germinating axes appears to be gravisensitive, and the regulation of this process is largely uncharacterized, particularly in case of epigeally germinating species. Our previous work on the germination of Vigna radiata seeds demonstrated the role of apoplastic reactive oxygen species (ROS) in germination-associated axis growth. This study attempts to explore a possibly similar role of ROS in the gravitropic bending of germinating axes. Pharmacological and histological studies correlated the curvature growth of the axis (due to cell elongation in the cortical region of the upper side) with apoplastic superoxide accumulation. The superoxide was produced by diphenylene iodonium chloride (DPI)-insensitive NADH oxidase, which was different from the DPI-sensitive NADPH oxidase active in the apical elongation zone of the radicle. This NADH oxidase was differentially controlled by IAA, and its activation required influx of apoplastic Ca2+. This study shows that the early axis growth in germinating seeds is gravisensitive, which is distinct spatially as well as temporally from the elongation growth of the axis (radicle) and controlled by auxin and cytosolic Ca2+ through NADH oxidase-dependent ROS production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khangembam Lenin Singh
- Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, Visva-Bharati University, Santiniketan 731235, West Bengal, India
| | - Anindita Mukherjee
- Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, Visva-Bharati University, Santiniketan 731235, West Bengal, India
| | - Rup Kumar Kar
- Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, Visva-Bharati University, Santiniketan 731235, West Bengal, India.
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28
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Hirano T, Stecker K, Munnik T, Xu H, Sato MH. Visualization of Phosphatidylinositol 3,5-Bisphosphate Dynamics by a Tandem ML1N-Based Fluorescent Protein Probe in Arabidopsis. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 58:1185-1195. [PMID: 28158631 PMCID: PMC5921506 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcx011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2016] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Phosphatidylinositol 3,5-bisphosphate [PI(3,5)P2] is a low-abundance phospholipid known to be associated with a wide variety of physiological functions in plants. However, the localization and dynamics of PI(3,5)P2 in plant cells remain largely unknown, partially due to the lack of an effective fluorescent probe. Using Arabidopsis transgenic plant expressing the PI(3,5)P2-labeling fluorescent probe (tagRFP-ML1N*2) developed based on a tandem repeat of the cytosolic phosphoinositide-interacting domain (ML1N) of the mammalian lysosomal transient receptor potential cation channel, Mucolipin 1 (TRPML1), here we show that PI(3,5)P2 is predominantly localized on the limited membranes of the FAB1- and SNX1-positive late endosomes, but rarely localized on the membranes of plant vacuoles or trans-Golgi network/early endosomes of cortical cells of the root differentiation zone. The late endosomal localization of tagRFP-ML1N*2 is reduced or abolished by pharmacological inhibition or genetic knockdown of expression of genes encoding PI(3,5)P2-synthesizing enzymes, FAB1A/B, but markedly increased with FAB1A overexpression. Notably, reactive oxygen species (ROS) significantly increase late endosomal levels of PI(3,5)P2. Thus, tandem ML1N-based PI(3,5)P2 probes can reliably monitor intracellular dynamics of PI(3,5)P2 in Arabidopsis cells with less binding activity to other endomembrane organelles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoko Hirano
- Laboratory of Cellular Dynamics, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University, Shimogamo-nakaragi-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8522 Japan
| | - Kelly Stecker
- Biotechnology Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Teun Munnik
- Section of Plant Physiology, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam 94216, The Netherlands
| | - Haoxing Xu
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Masa H. Sato
- Laboratory of Cellular Dynamics, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University, Shimogamo-nakaragi-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8522 Japan
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Wang W, Li H, Lin X, Zhang F, Fang B, Wang Z. The effect of polar auxin transport on adventitious branches formation in Gracilaria lichenoides in vitro. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2016; 158:356-365. [PMID: 27145892 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.12464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2015] [Revised: 03/16/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Seaweed tissue culture (STC) is an important micropropagation tool that has been applied for strain improvement, micropropagation and genetic engineering. Because the mechanisms associated with STC are poorly understood, its application to these organisms lags far behind that of tissue culture propagation of higher plants. Auxin, calcium (Ca2+ ) and hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ) fluxes all play key roles during plant growth and development. In this study, we therefore measured indole-3-acetic acid, Ca2+ and H2 O2 fluxes of Gracilaria lichenoides explants during adventitious branches (ABs) formation for the first time using noninvasive micro-test technology. We confirmed that polar auxin transport (PAT) also occurs in the marine red alga G. lichenoides. We additionally found that N-1-naphthylphthalamic acid may suppress auxin efflux via ABCB1 transporters and then inhibit ABs formation from the apical region of G. lichenoides segments. The involvement of Ca2+ and H2 O2 fluxes in PAT-mediated AB formation in G. lichenoides was also investigated. We propose that complex feedback among Ca2+ , H2 O2 and auxin signaling and response systems may occur during ABs polar formation in G. lichenoides explants, similar to that in higher plants. Our results provide innovative insights that should aid future elucidation of mechanisms operative during STC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenlei Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Marine Biological Resource Comprehensive Utilization, Third Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Xiamen, 361005, China
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Huanqin Li
- Engineering Research Center of Marine Biological Resource Comprehensive Utilization, Third Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Xiamen, 361005, China
- College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Xiangzhi Lin
- Engineering Research Center of Marine Biological Resource Comprehensive Utilization, Third Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Fang Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Marine Biological Resource Comprehensive Utilization, Third Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Baishan Fang
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China.
| | - Zhaokai Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Marine Biological Resource Comprehensive Utilization, Third Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Xiamen, 361005, China.
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30
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Livanos P, Galatis B, Apostolakos P. Deliberate ROS production and auxin synergistically trigger the asymmetrical division generating the subsidiary cells in Zea mays stomatal complexes. PROTOPLASMA 2016; 253:1081-99. [PMID: 26250135 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-015-0866-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Accepted: 07/27/2015] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Subsidiary cell generation in Poaceae is an outstanding example of local intercellular stimulation. An inductive stimulus emanates from the guard cell mother cells (GMCs) towards their laterally adjacent subsidiary cell mother cells (SMCs) and triggers the asymmetrical division of the latter. Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) immunolocalization in Zea mays protoderm confirmed that the GMCs function as local sources of auxin and revealed that auxin is polarly accumulated between GMCs and SMCs in a timely-dependent manner. Besides, staining techniques showed that reactive oxygen species (ROS) exhibit a closely similar, also time-dependent, pattern of appearance suggesting ROS implication in subsidiary cell formation. This phenomenon was further investigated by using the specific NADPH-oxidase inhibitor diphenylene iodonium, the ROS scavenger N-acetyl-cysteine, menadione which leads to ROS overproduction, and H2O2. Treatments with diphenylene iodonium, N-acetyl-cysteine, and menadione specifically blocked SMC polarization and asymmetrical division. In contrast, H2O2 promoted the establishment of SMC polarity and subsequently subsidiary cell formation in "younger" protodermal areas. Surprisingly, H2O2 favored the asymmetrical division of the intervening cells of the stomatal rows leading to the creation of extra apical subsidiary cells. Moreover, H2O2 altered IAA localization, whereas synthetic auxin analogue 1-napthaleneacetic acid enhanced ROS accumulation. Combined treatments with ROS modulators along with 1-napthaleneacetic acid or 2,3,5-triiodobenzoic acid, an auxin efflux inhibitor, confirmed the crosstalk between ROS and auxin functioning during subsidiary cell generation. Collectively, our results demonstrate that ROS are critical partners of auxin during development of Z. mays stomatal complexes. The interplay between auxin and ROS seems to be spatially and temporarily regulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pantelis Livanos
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Biology, University of Athens, Athens, 15781, Greece
| | - Basil Galatis
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Biology, University of Athens, Athens, 15781, Greece
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31
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Zhou T, Yang X, Guo K, Deng J, Xu J, Gao W, Lindsey K, Zhang X. ROS Homeostasis Regulates Somatic Embryogenesis via the Regulation of Auxin Signaling in Cotton. Mol Cell Proteomics 2016; 15:2108-24. [PMID: 27073181 PMCID: PMC5083107 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m115.049338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Somatic embryogenesis (S.E.) is a versatile model for understanding the mechanisms of plant embryogenesis and a useful tool for plant propagation. To decipher the intricate molecular program and potentially to control the parameters affecting the frequency of S.E., a proteomics approach based on two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) combined with MALDI-TOF/TOF was used. A total of 149 unique differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were identified at different stages of cotton S.E. compared with the initial control (0 h explants). The expression profile and functional annotation of these DEPs revealed that S.E. activated stress-related proteins, including several reactive oxygen species (ROS)-scavenging enzymes. Proteins implicated in metabolic, developmental, and reproductive processes were also identified. Further experiments were performed to confirm the role of ROS-scavenging enzymes, suggesting the involvement of ROS homeostasis during S.E. in cotton. Suppressing the expression of specifically identified GhAPX proteins resulted in the inhibition of dedifferentiation. Accelerated redifferentiation was observed in the suppression lines of GhAPXs or GhGSTL3 in parallel with the alteration of endogenous ascorbate metabolism and accumulation of endogenous H2O2 content. Moreover, disrupting endogenous redox homeostasis through the application of high concentrations of DPI, H2O2, BSO, or GSH inhibited the dedifferentiation of cotton explants. Mild oxidation induced through BSO treatment facilitated the transition from embryogenic calluses (ECs) to somatic embryos. Meanwhile, auxin homeostasis was altered through the perturbation of ROS homeostasis by chemical treatments or suppression of ROS-scavenging proteins, along with the activating/suppressing the transcription of genes related to auxin transportation and signaling. These results show that stress responses are activated during S.E. and may regulate the ROS homeostasis by interacting with auxin signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Zhou
- From the ‡National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, P. R. China
| | - Xiyan Yang
- From the ‡National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, P. R. China
| | - Kai Guo
- From the ‡National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, P. R. China
| | - Jinwu Deng
- From the ‡National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, P. R. China
| | - Jiao Xu
- From the ‡National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, P. R. China
| | - Wenhui Gao
- From the ‡National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, P. R. China
| | - Keith Lindsey
- §Integrative Cell Biology Laboratory, School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, University of Durham, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
| | - Xianlong Zhang
- From the ‡National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, P. R. China;
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Eckstein A, Krzeszowiec W, Waligórski P, Gabryś H. Auxin and chloroplast movements. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2016; 156:351-366. [PMID: 26467664 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.12396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Auxin is involved in a wide spectrum of physiological processes in plants, including responses controlled by the blue light photoreceptors phototropins: phototropic bending and stomatal movement. However, the role of auxin in phototropin-mediated chloroplast movements has never been studied. To address this question we searched for potential interactions between auxin and the chloroplast movement signaling pathway using different experimental approaches and two model plants, Arabidopsis thaliana and Nicotiana tabacum. We observed that the disturbance of auxin homeostasis by shoot decapitation caused a decrease in chloroplast movement parameters, which could be rescued by exogenous auxin application. In several cases, the impairment of polar auxin transport, by chemical inhibitors or in auxin carrier mutants, had a similar negative effect on chloroplast movements. This inhibition was not correlated with changes in auxin levels. Chloroplast relocations were also affected by the antiauxin p-chlorophenoxyisobutyric acid and mutations in genes encoding some of the elements of the SCF(TIR1)-Aux/IAA auxin receptor complex. The observed changes in chloroplast movement parameters are not prominent, which points to a modulatory role of auxin in this process. Taken together, the obtained results suggest that auxin acts indirectly to regulate chloroplast movements, presumably by regulating gene expression via the SCF(TIR1)-Aux/IAA-ARF pathway. Auxin does not seem to be involved in controlling the expression of phototropins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Eckstein
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Weronika Krzeszowiec
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Piotr Waligórski
- The Franciszek Górski Institute of Plant Physiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland
| | - Halina Gabryś
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
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33
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Takáč T, Obert B, Rolčík J, Šamaj J. Improvement of adventitious root formation in flax using hydrogen peroxide. N Biotechnol 2016; 33:728-734. [PMID: 26921706 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2016.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2015] [Revised: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 02/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) is an important crop for the production of oil and fiber. In vitro manipulations of flax are used for genetic improvement and breeding while improvements in adventitious root formation are important for biotechnological programs focused on regeneration and vegetative propagation of genetically valuable plant material. Additionally, flax hypocotyl segments possess outstanding morphogenetic capacity, thus providing a useful model for the investigation of flax developmental processes. Here, we investigated the crosstalk between hydrogen peroxide and auxin with respect to reprogramming flax hypocotyl cells for root morphogenetic development. Exogenous auxin induced the robust formation of adventitious roots from flax hypocotyl segments while the addition of hydrogen peroxide further enhanced this process. The levels of endogenous auxin (indole-3-acetic acid; IAA) were positively correlated with increased root formation in response to exogenous auxin (1-Naphthaleneacetic acid; NAA). Histochemical staining of the hypocotyl segments revealed that hydrogen peroxide and peroxidase, but not superoxide, were positively correlated with root formation. Measurements of antioxidant enzyme activities showed that endogenous levels of hydrogen peroxide were controlled by peroxidases during root formation from hypocotyl segments. In conclusion, hydrogen peroxide positively affected flax adventitious root formation by regulating the endogenous auxin levels. Consequently, this agent can be applied to increase flax regeneration capacity for biotechnological purposes such as improved plant rooting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomáš Takáč
- Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Olomouc 783 71, Czech Republic.
| | - Bohuš Obert
- Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Olomouc 783 71, Czech Republic
| | - Jakub Rolčík
- Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Department of Chemical Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Olomouc 783 71, Czech Republic
| | - Jozef Šamaj
- Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Olomouc 783 71, Czech Republic
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34
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Cha JY, Kim MR, Jung IJ, Kang SB, Park HJ, Kim MG, Yun DJ, Kim WY. The Thiol Reductase Activity of YUCCA6 Mediates Delayed Leaf Senescence by Regulating Genes Involved in Auxin Redistribution. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:626. [PMID: 27242830 PMCID: PMC4860463 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Auxin, a phytohormone that affects almost every aspect of plant growth and development, is biosynthesized from tryptophan via the tryptamine, indole-3-acetamide, indole-3-pyruvic acid, and indole-3-acetaldoxime pathways. YUCCAs (YUCs), flavin monooxygenase enzymes, catalyze the conversion of indole-3-pyruvic acid (IPA) to the auxin (indole acetic acid). Arabidopsis thaliana YUC6 also exhibits thiol-reductase and chaperone activity in vitro; these activities require the highly conserved Cys-85 and are essential for scavenging of toxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the drought tolerance response. Here, we examined whether the YUC6 thiol reductase activity also participates in the delay in senescence observed in YUC6-overexpressing (YUC6-OX) plants. YUC6 overexpression delays leaf senescence in natural and dark-induced senescence conditions by reducing the expression of SENESCENCE-ASSOCIATED GENE 12 (SAG12). ROS accumulation normally occurs during senescence, but was not observed in the leaves of YUC6-OX plants; however, ROS accumulation was observed in YUC6-OX(C85S) plants, which overexpress a mutant YUC6 that lacks thiol reductase activity. We also found that YUC6-OX plants, but not YUC6-OX(C85S) plants, show upregulation of three genes encoding NADPH-dependent thioredoxin reductases (NTRA, NTRB, and NTRC), and GAMMA-GLUTAMYLCYSTEINE SYNTHETASE 1 (GSH1), encoding an enzyme involved in redox signaling. We further determined that excess ROS accumulation caused by methyl viologen treatment or decreased glutathione levels caused by buthionine sulfoximine treatment can decrease the levels of auxin efflux proteins such as PIN2-4. The expression of PINs is also reduced in YUC6-OX plants. These findings suggest that the thiol reductase activity of YUC6 may play an essential role in delaying senescence via the activation of genes involved in redox signaling and auxin availability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joon-Yung Cha
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Plus), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National UniversityJinju, South Korea
| | - Mi R. Kim
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Plus), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National UniversityJinju, South Korea
| | - In J. Jung
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Plus), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National UniversityJinju, South Korea
| | - Sun B. Kang
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Plus), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National UniversityJinju, South Korea
| | - Hee J. Park
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Plus), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National UniversityJinju, South Korea
| | - Min G. Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Gyeongsang National UniversityJinju, South Korea
| | - Dae-Jin Yun
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Plus), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National UniversityJinju, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Dae-Jin Yun, ; Woe-Yeon Kim,
| | - Woe-Yeon Kim
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Plus), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National UniversityJinju, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Dae-Jin Yun, ; Woe-Yeon Kim,
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35
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Singh R, Singh S, Parihar P, Mishra RK, Tripathi DK, Singh VP, Chauhan DK, Prasad SM. Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS): Beneficial Companions of Plants' Developmental Processes. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:1299. [PMID: 27729914 PMCID: PMC5037240 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.01299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2016] [Accepted: 08/15/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are generated inevitably in the redox reactions of plants, including respiration and photosynthesis. In earlier studies, ROS were considered as toxic by-products of aerobic pathways of the metabolism. But in recent years, concept about ROS has changed because they also participate in developmental processes of plants by acting as signaling molecules. In plants, ROS regulate many developmental processes such as cell proliferation and differentiation, programmed cell death, seed germination, gravitropism, root hair growth and pollen tube development, senescence, etc. Despite much progress, a comprehensive update of advances in the understanding of the mechanisms evoked by ROS that mediate in cell proliferation and development are fragmentry and the matter of ROS perception and the signaling cascade remains open. Therefore, keeping in view the above facts, an attempt has been made in this article to summarize the recent findings regarding updates made in the regulatory action of ROS at various plant developmental stages, which are still not well-known.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachana Singh
- Ranjan Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of AllahabadAllahabad, India
| | - Samiksha Singh
- Ranjan Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of AllahabadAllahabad, India
| | - Parul Parihar
- Ranjan Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of AllahabadAllahabad, India
| | - Rohit K. Mishra
- Ranjan Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of AllahabadAllahabad, India
| | - Durgesh K. Tripathi
- DD Pant Interdisciplinary Research Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of AllahabadAllahabad, India
| | - Vijay P. Singh
- Government Ramanuj Pratap Singhdev Post Graduate CollegeBaikunthpur, India
- *Correspondence: Vijay P. Singh, Sheo M. Prasad,
| | - Devendra K. Chauhan
- DD Pant Interdisciplinary Research Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of AllahabadAllahabad, India
| | - Sheo M. Prasad
- Ranjan Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of AllahabadAllahabad, India
- *Correspondence: Vijay P. Singh, Sheo M. Prasad,
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36
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Wang W, Li H, Lin X, Yang S, Wang Z, Fang B. Transcriptome analysis identifies genes involved in adventitious branches formation of Gracilaria lichenoides in vitro. Sci Rep 2015; 5:17099. [PMID: 26657019 PMCID: PMC4675990 DOI: 10.1038/srep17099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue culture could solve the problems associated with Gracilaria cultivation, including the consistent supply of high-quality seed stock, strain improvement, and efficient mass culture of high-yielding commercial strains. However, STC lags behind that of higher plants because of the paucity of genomic information. Transcriptome analysis and the identification of potential unigenes involved in the formation and regeneration of callus or direct induction of ABs are essential. Herein, the CK, EWAB and NPA G. lichenoides transcriptomes were analyzed using the Illumina sequencing platform in first time. A total of 17,922,453,300 nucleotide clean bases were generated and assembled into 21,294 unigenes, providing a total gene space of 400,912,038 nucleotides with an average length of 1,883 and N 50 of 5,055 nucleotides and a G + C content of 52.02%. BLAST analysis resulted in the assignment of 13,724 (97.5%), 3,740 (26.6%), 9,934 (70.6%), 10,611 (75.4%), 9,490 (67.4%), and 7,773 (55.2%) unigenes were annotated to the NR, NT, Swiss-Prot, KEGG, COG, and GO databases, respectively, and the total of annotated unigenes was 14,070. A total of 17,099 transcripts were predicted to possess open reading frames, including 3,238 predicted and 13,861 blasted based on protein databases. In addition, 3,287 SSRs were detected in G.lichenoides, providing further support for genetic variation and marker-assisted selection in the future. Our results suggest that auxin polar transport, auxin signal transduction, crosstalk with other endogenous plant hormones and antioxidant systems, play important roles for ABs formation in G. lichenoides explants in vitro. The present findings will facilitate further studies on gene discovery and on the molecular mechanisms underlying the tissue culture of seaweed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenlei Wang
- College of Biochemistry and Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Huanqin Li
- College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Xiangzhi Lin
- Engineering Research Center of Marine Biological Resource Comprehensive Utilization, Third Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Shanjun Yang
- Engineering Research Center of Marine Biological Resource Comprehensive Utilization, Third Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Zhaokai Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Marine Biological Resource Comprehensive Utilization, Third Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Baishan Fang
- College of Biochemistry and Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
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37
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Cha JY, Kim WY, Kang SB, Kim JI, Baek D, Jung IJ, Kim MR, Li N, Kim HJ, Nakajima M, Asami T, Sabir JSM, Park HC, Lee SY, Bohnert HJ, Bressan RA, Pardo JM, Yun DJ. A novel thiol-reductase activity of Arabidopsis YUC6 confers drought tolerance independently of auxin biosynthesis. Nat Commun 2015; 6:8041. [PMID: 26314500 PMCID: PMC4560777 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms9041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2015] [Accepted: 07/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
YUCCA (YUC) proteins constitute a family of flavin monooxygenases (FMOs), with an important role in auxin (IAA) biosynthesis. Here we report that Arabidopsis plants overexpressing YUC6 display enhanced IAA-related phenotypes and exhibit improved drought stress tolerance, low rate of water loss and controlled ROS accumulation under drought and oxidative stresses. Co-overexpression of an IAA-conjugating enzyme reduces IAA levels but drought stress tolerance is unaffected, indicating that the stress-related phenotype is not based on IAA overproduction. YUC6 contains a previously unrecognized FAD- and NADPH-dependent thiol-reductase activity (TR) that overlaps with the FMO domain involved in IAA biosynthesis. Mutation of a conserved cysteine residue (Cys-85) preserves FMO but suppresses TR activity and stress tolerance, whereas mutating the FAD- and NADPH-binding sites, that are common to TR and FMO domains, abolishes all outputs. We provide a paradigm for a single protein playing a dual role, regulating plant development and conveying stress defence responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joon-Yung Cha
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21Plus), PMBBRC &IALS, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Woe-Yeon Kim
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21Plus), PMBBRC &IALS, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Bin Kang
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21Plus), PMBBRC &IALS, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Im Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
| | - Dongwon Baek
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21Plus), PMBBRC &IALS, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Republic of Korea
| | - In Jung Jung
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21Plus), PMBBRC &IALS, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Ri Kim
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21Plus), PMBBRC &IALS, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Ning Li
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21Plus), PMBBRC &IALS, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Jin Kim
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21Plus), PMBBRC &IALS, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Masatoshi Nakajima
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan.,Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Tadao Asami
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan.,Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan.,Department of Biochemistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Jamal S M Sabir
- Biotechnology Research Group, Department of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Hyeong Cheol Park
- Department of Ecological Adaptation, National Institute of Ecology, Seocheon 325-813, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Yeol Lee
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21Plus), PMBBRC &IALS, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Hans J Bohnert
- Biotechnology Research Group, Department of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.,Department of Plant Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Ray A Bressan
- Biotechnology Research Group, Department of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.,Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
| | - Jose M Pardo
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiologia, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, Sevilla 41012, Spain
| | - Dae-Jin Yun
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21Plus), PMBBRC &IALS, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Republic of Korea
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Hossain MA, Bhattacharjee S, Armin SM, Qian P, Xin W, Li HY, Burritt DJ, Fujita M, Tran LSP. Hydrogen peroxide priming modulates abiotic oxidative stress tolerance: insights from ROS detoxification and scavenging. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 6:420. [PMID: 26136756 PMCID: PMC4468828 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.00420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 327] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2015] [Accepted: 05/25/2015] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Plants are constantly challenged by various abiotic stresses that negatively affect growth and productivity worldwide. During the course of their evolution, plants have developed sophisticated mechanisms to recognize external signals allowing them to respond appropriately to environmental conditions, although the degree of adjustability or tolerance to specific stresses differs from species to species. Overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS; hydrogen peroxide, H2O2; superoxide, [Formula: see text]; hydroxyl radical, OH(⋅) and singlet oxygen, (1)O2) is enhanced under abiotic and/or biotic stresses, which can cause oxidative damage to plant macromolecules and cell structures, leading to inhibition of plant growth and development, or to death. Among the various ROS, freely diffusible and relatively long-lived H2O2 acts as a central player in stress signal transduction pathways. These pathways can then activate multiple acclamatory responses that reinforce resistance to various abiotic and biotic stressors. To utilize H2O2 as a signaling molecule, non-toxic levels must be maintained in a delicate balancing act between H2O2 production and scavenging. Several recent studies have demonstrated that the H2O2-priming can enhance abiotic stress tolerance by modulating ROS detoxification and by regulating multiple stress-responsive pathways and gene expression. Despite the importance of the H2O2-priming, little is known about how this process improves the tolerance of plants to stress. Understanding the mechanisms of H2O2-priming-induced abiotic stress tolerance will be valuable for identifying biotechnological strategies to improve abiotic stress tolerance in crop plants. This review is an overview of our current knowledge of the possible mechanisms associated with H2O2-induced abiotic oxidative stress tolerance in plants, with special reference to antioxidant metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad A. Hossain
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Bangladesh Agricultural UniversityMymensingh, Bangladesh
| | | | - Saed-Moucheshi Armin
- Department of Crop Production and Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture, Shiraz UniversityShiraz, Iran
| | - Pingping Qian
- Department of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka UniversityToyonaka, Japan
| | - Wang Xin
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou UniversityLanzhou, China
| | - Hong-Yu Li
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Biomonitoring and Bioremediation for Environmental Pollution, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou UniversityLanzhou, China
| | | | - Masayuki Fujita
- Laboratory of Plant Stress Responses, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa UniversityTakamatsu, Japan
| | - Lam-Son P. Tran
- Signaling Pathway Research Unit, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource ScienceYokohama, Japan
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Correa-Aragunde N, Foresi N, Lamattina L. Nitric oxide is a ubiquitous signal for maintaining redox balance in plant cells: regulation of ascorbate peroxidase as a case study. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2015; 66:2913-21. [PMID: 25750426 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erv073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative and nitrosative stresses and their respective antioxidant responses are common metabolic adjustments operating in all biological systems. These stresses result from an increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) and an imbalance in the antioxidant response. Plants respond to ROS and RNS accumulation by increasing the level of the antioxidant molecules glutathione and ascorbate and by activating specific antioxidant enzymes. Nitric oxide (NO) is a free radical considered to be toxic or protective depending on its concentration, combination with ROS compounds, and subcellular localization. In this review we focus on the mechanisms of NO action in combination with ROS on the regulation of the antioxidant system in plants. In particular, we describe the redox post-translational modifications of cytosolic ascorbate peroxidase and its influence on enzyme activity. The regulation of ascorbate peroxidase activity by NO as a redox sensor of acute oxidative stress or as part of a hormone-induced signalling pathway leading to lateral root development is presented and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Correa-Aragunde
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, CC 1245, 7600 Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Noelia Foresi
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, CC 1245, 7600 Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Lorenzo Lamattina
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, CC 1245, 7600 Mar del Plata, Argentina
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Sato EM, Hijazi H, Bennett MJ, Vissenberg K, Swarup R. New insights into root gravitropic signalling. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2015; 66:2155-65. [PMID: 25547917 PMCID: PMC4986716 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eru515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2014] [Revised: 12/01/2014] [Accepted: 12/03/2014] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
An important feature of plants is the ability to adapt their growth towards or away from external stimuli such as light, water, temperature, and gravity. These responsive plant growth movements are called tropisms and they contribute to the plant's survival and reproduction. Roots modulate their growth towards gravity to exploit the soil for water and nutrient uptake, and to provide anchorage. The physiological process of root gravitropism comprises gravity perception, signal transmission, growth response, and the re-establishment of normal growth. Gravity perception is best explained by the starch-statolith hypothesis that states that dense starch-filled amyloplasts or statoliths within columella cells sediment in the direction of gravity, resulting in the generation of a signal that causes asymmetric growth. Though little is known about the gravity receptor(s), the role of auxin linking gravity sensing to the response is well established. Auxin influx and efflux carriers facilitate creation of a differential auxin gradient between the upper and lower side of gravistimulated roots. This asymmetric auxin gradient causes differential growth responses in the graviresponding tissue of the elongation zone, leading to root curvature. Cell biological and mathematical modelling approaches suggest that the root gravitropic response begins within minutes of a gravity stimulus, triggering genomic and non-genomic responses. This review discusses recent advances in our understanding of root gravitropism in Arabidopsis thaliana and identifies current challenges and future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ethel Mendocilla Sato
- University of Antwerp, Biology Department, Plant Growth and Development, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerpen, Belgium Centre for Plant Integrative Biology, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Hussein Hijazi
- Centre for Plant Integrative Biology, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Malcolm J Bennett
- Centre for Plant Integrative Biology, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Kris Vissenberg
- University of Antwerp, Biology Department, Plant Growth and Development, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Ranjan Swarup
- Centre for Plant Integrative Biology, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington LE12 5RD, UK
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Livanos P, Giannoutsou E, Apostolakos P, Galatis B. Auxin as an inducer of asymmetrical division generating the subsidiary cells in stomatal complexes of Zea mays. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2015; 10:e984531. [PMID: 25831267 PMCID: PMC4622748 DOI: 10.4161/15592324.2014.984531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2014] [Revised: 09/20/2014] [Accepted: 09/23/2014] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The data presented in this work revealed that in Zea mays the exogenously added auxins indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and 1-napthaleneacetic acid (NAA), promoted the establishment of subsidiary cell mother cell (SMC) polarity and the subsequent subsidiary cell formation, while treatment with auxin transport inhibitors 2,3,5-triiodobenzoic acid (TIBA) and 1-napthoxyacetic acid (NOA) specifically blocked SMC polarization and asymmetrical division. Furthermore, in young guard cell mother cells (GMCs) the PIN1 auxin efflux carriers were mainly localized in the transverse GMC faces, while in the advanced GMCs they appeared both in the transverse and the lateral ones adjacent to SMCs. Considering that phosphatidyl-inositol-3-kinase (PI3K) is an active component of auxin signal transduction and that phospholipid signaling contributes in the establishment of polarity, treatments with the specific inhibitor of the PI3K LY294002 were carried out. The presence of LY294002 suppressed polarization of SMCs and prevented their asymmetrical division, whereas combined treatment with exogenously added NAA and LY294002 restricted the promotional auxin influence on subsidiary cell formation. These findings support the view that auxin is involved in Z. mays subsidiary cell formation, probably functioning as inducer of the asymmetrical SMC division. Collectively, the results obtained from treatments with auxin transport inhibitors and the appearance of PIN1 proteins in the lateral GMC faces indicate a local transfer of auxin from GMCs to SMCs. Moreover, auxin signal transduction seems to be mediated by the catalytic function of PI3K.
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Key Words
- AF, actin filament
- DIC, differential interference contrast
- GMC, guard cell mother cell
- IAA, indole-3-acetic acid
- MT, microtubule
- NAA, 1-napthaleneacetic acid
- NOA, 1-napthoxyacetic acid
- PDK, 3-phosphoinositide-dependent kinase
- PI3K, phosphatidyl-inositol-3-kinase
- PIN1
- PLC, phospholipase C
- PLD, phospholipase D
- ROP GTPases, Rho-like GTPases of plants
- SMC, subsidiary cell mother cell
- TIBA, 2,3,5-triiodobenzoic acid
- auxin carriers
- auxin signaling
- morphogenesis
- phosphatidyl-inositol-3-kinase
- polarity
- stomatal complexes
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Affiliation(s)
- Pantelis Livanos
- Department of Botany; Faculty of Biology; University of Athens; Athens, Greece
| | - Eleni Giannoutsou
- Department of Botany; Faculty of Biology; University of Athens; Athens, Greece
| | | | - Basil Galatis
- Department of Botany; Faculty of Biology; University of Athens; Athens, Greece
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Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE We provide a conceptual framework for the interactions between the cellular redox signaling hub and the phytohormone signaling network that controls plant growth and development to maximize plant productivity under stress-free situations, while limiting growth and altering development on exposure to stress. RECENT ADVANCES Enhanced cellular oxidation plays a key role in the regulation of plant growth and stress responses. Oxidative signals or cycles of oxidation and reduction are crucial for the alleviation of dormancy and quiescence, activating the cell cycle and triggering genetic and epigenetic control that underpin growth and differentiation responses to changing environmental conditions. CRITICAL ISSUES The redox signaling hub interfaces directly with the phytohormone network in the synergistic control of growth and its modulation in response to environmental stress, but a few components have been identified. Accumulating evidence points to a complex interplay of phytohormone and redox controls that operate at multiple levels. For simplicity, we focus here on redox-dependent processes that control root growth and development and bud burst. FUTURE DIRECTIONS The multiple roles of reactive oxygen species in the control of plant growth and development have been identified, but increasing emphasis should now be placed on the functions of redox-regulated proteins, along with the central roles of reductants such as NAD(P)H, thioredoxins, glutathione, glutaredoxins, peroxiredoxins, ascorbate, and reduced ferredoxin in the regulation of the genetic and epigenetic factors that modulate the growth and vigor of crop plants, particularly within an agricultural context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Considine
- 1 School of Plant Biology and Institute of Agriculture, University of Western Australia , Crawley, Australia
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Auxin-callose-mediated plasmodesmal gating is essential for tropic auxin gradient formation and signaling. Dev Cell 2014; 28:132-46. [PMID: 24480642 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2013.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2012] [Revised: 10/16/2013] [Accepted: 12/10/2013] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
In plants, auxin functions as a master controller of development, pattern formation, morphogenesis, and tropic responses. A sophisticated transport system has evolved to allow the establishment of precise spatiotemporal auxin gradients that regulate specific developmental programs. A critical unresolved question relates to how these gradients can be maintained in the presence of open plasmodesmata that allow for symplasmic exchange of essential nutrients and signaling macromolecules. Here we addressed this conundrum using genetic, physiological, and cell biological approaches and identified the operation of an auxin-GSL8 feedback circuit that regulates the level of plasmodesmal-localized callose in order to locally downregulate symplasmic permeability during hypocotyl tropic response. This system likely involves a plasmodesmal switch that would prevent the dissipation of a forming gradient by auxin diffusion through the symplasm. This regulatory system may represent a mechanism by which auxin could also regulate symplasmic delivery of a wide range of signaling agents.
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Leprince AS, Magalhaes N, De Vos D, Bordenave M, Crilat E, Clément G, Meyer C, Munnik T, Savouré A. Involvement of Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase in the regulation of proline catabolism in Arabidopsis thaliana. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2014; 5:772. [PMID: 25628629 PMCID: PMC4290513 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2014.00772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2014] [Accepted: 12/15/2014] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Plant adaptation to abiotic stresses such as drought and salinity involves complex regulatory processes. Deciphering the signaling components that are involved in stress signal transduction and cellular responses is of importance to understand how plants cope with salt stress. Accumulation of osmolytes such as proline is considered to participate in the osmotic adjustment of plant cells to salinity. Proline accumulation results from a tight regulation between its biosynthesis and catabolism. Lipid signal components such as phospholipases C and D have previously been shown to be involved in the regulation of proline metabolism in Arabidopsis thaliana. In this study, we demonstrate that proline metabolism is also regulated by class-III Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), VPS34, which catalyses the formation of phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate (PI3P) from phosphatidylinositol. Using pharmacological and biochemical approaches, we show that the PI3K inhibitor, LY294002, affects PI3P levels in vivo and that it triggers a decrease in proline accumulation in response to salt treatment of A. thaliana seedlings. The lower proline accumulation is correlated with a lower transcript level of Pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase 1 (P5CS1) biosynthetic enzyme and higher transcript and protein levels of Proline dehydrogenase 1 (ProDH1), a key-enzyme in proline catabolism. We also found that the ProDH1 expression is induced in a pi3k-hemizygous mutant, further demonstrating that PI3K is involved in the regulation of proline catabolism through transcriptional regulation of ProDH1. A broader metabolomic analysis indicates that LY294002 also reduced other metabolites, such as hydrophobic and aromatic amino acids and sugars like raffinose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Sophie Leprince
- Sorbonne Universités, Universite Pierre et Marie Curie Univ Paris 06, Adaptation de Plantes aux Contraintes Environnementales, URF5Paris, France
- INRA-AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, UMR 1318, ERL CNRS 3559, Saclay Plant SciencesVersailles, France
- *Correspondence: Anne-Sophie Leprince and Arnould Savouré, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, APCE URF5, Case 156, 4 Place Jussieu, F-75252, Paris 05, France e-mail: ;
| | - Nelly Magalhaes
- Sorbonne Universités, Universite Pierre et Marie Curie Univ Paris 06, Adaptation de Plantes aux Contraintes Environnementales, URF5Paris, France
- INRA-AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, UMR 1318, ERL CNRS 3559, Saclay Plant SciencesVersailles, France
| | - Delphine De Vos
- Sorbonne Universités, Universite Pierre et Marie Curie Univ Paris 06, Adaptation de Plantes aux Contraintes Environnementales, URF5Paris, France
- INRA-AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, UMR 1318, ERL CNRS 3559, Saclay Plant SciencesVersailles, France
| | - Marianne Bordenave
- Sorbonne Universités, Universite Pierre et Marie Curie Univ Paris 06, Adaptation de Plantes aux Contraintes Environnementales, URF5Paris, France
| | - Emilie Crilat
- Sorbonne Universités, Universite Pierre et Marie Curie Univ Paris 06, Adaptation de Plantes aux Contraintes Environnementales, URF5Paris, France
| | - Gilles Clément
- INRA-AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, UMR 1318, ERL CNRS 3559, Saclay Plant SciencesVersailles, France
| | - Christian Meyer
- INRA-AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, UMR 1318, ERL CNRS 3559, Saclay Plant SciencesVersailles, France
| | - Teun Munnik
- Section Plant Physiology, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of AmsterdamAmsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Arnould Savouré
- Sorbonne Universités, Universite Pierre et Marie Curie Univ Paris 06, Adaptation de Plantes aux Contraintes Environnementales, URF5Paris, France
- *Correspondence: Anne-Sophie Leprince and Arnould Savouré, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, APCE URF5, Case 156, 4 Place Jussieu, F-75252, Paris 05, France e-mail: ;
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Gonorazky G, Distéfano AM, García-Mata C, Lamattina L, Laxalt AM. Phospholipases in Nitric Oxide-Mediated Plant Signaling. SIGNALING AND COMMUNICATION IN PLANTS 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-42011-5_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Du H, Wu N, Chang Y, Li X, Xiao J, Xiong L. Carotenoid deficiency impairs ABA and IAA biosynthesis and differentially affects drought and cold tolerance in rice. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2013; 83:475-88. [PMID: 23846670 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-013-0103-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2013] [Accepted: 07/03/2013] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
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Krishnamurthy A, Rathinasabapathi B. Oxidative stress tolerance in plants: novel interplay between auxin and reactive oxygen species signaling. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2013; 8:doi: 10.4161/psb.25761. [PMID: 23887492 PMCID: PMC4091114 DOI: 10.4161/psb.25761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Biotic and abiotic stress conditions produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) in plants causing oxidative stress damage. At the same time, ROS have additional signaling roles in plant adaptation to the stress. It is not known how the two seemingly contrasting functional roles of ROS between oxidative damage to the cell and signaling for stress protection are balanced. Research suggests that the plant growth regulator auxin may be the connecting link regulating the level of ROS and directing its role in oxidative damage or signaling in plants under stress. The objective of this review is to highlight some of the recent research on how auxin's role is intertwined to that of ROS, more specifically H2O2, in plant adaptation to oxidative stress conditions.
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Schlicht M, Ludwig-Müller J, Burbach C, Volkmann D, Baluska F. Indole-3-butyric acid induces lateral root formation via peroxisome-derived indole-3-acetic acid and nitric oxide. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2013; 200:473-482. [PMID: 23795714 DOI: 10.1111/nph.12377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2013] [Accepted: 05/20/2013] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Controlled plant growth requires regulation through a variety of signaling molecules, including steroids, peptides, radicals of oxygen and nitrogen, as well as the 'classical' phytohormone groups. Auxin is critical for the control of plant growth and also orchestrates many developmental processes, such as the formation of new roots. It modulates root architecture both slowly, through actions at the transcriptional level and, more rapidly, by mechanisms targeting primarily plasma membrane sensory systems and intracellular signaling pathways. The latter reactions use several second messengers, including Ca(2+) , nitric oxide (NO) and reactive oxygen species (ROS). Here, we investigated the different roles of two auxins, the major auxin indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and another endogenous auxin indole-3-butyric acid (IBA), in the lateral root formation process of Arabidopsis and maize. This was mainly analyzed by different types of fluorescence microscopy and inhibitors of NO production. This study revealed that peroxisomal IBA to IAA conversion is followed by peroxisomal NO, which is important for IBA-induced lateral root formation. We conclude that peroxisomal NO emerges as a new player in auxin-induced root organogenesis. In particular, the spatially and temporally coordinated release of NO and IAA from peroxisomes is behind the strong promotion of lateral root formation via IBA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Schlicht
- Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linne-Weg 10, 50829, Cologne, Germany
| | - Jutta Ludwig-Müller
- Institut für Botanik, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Christian Burbach
- Department of Plant Cell Biology IZMB, University of Bonn, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Dieter Volkmann
- Department of Plant Cell Biology IZMB, University of Bonn, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Frantisek Baluska
- Department of Plant Cell Biology IZMB, University of Bonn, 53115, Bonn, Germany
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Takáč T, Pechan T, Samajová O, Samaj J. Vesicular trafficking and stress response coupled to PI3K inhibition by LY294002 as revealed by proteomic and cell biological analysis. J Proteome Res 2013; 12:4435-48. [PMID: 23931732 DOI: 10.1021/pr400466x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
LY294002 is a synthetic quercetin-like compound, which, unlike wortmannin, is more specific inhibitor of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K). It inhibits endocytosis and vacuolar transport. We report here on the proteome-wide effects of LY294002 on Arabidopsis roots focusing on proteins involved in vesicular trafficking and stress response. At the subcellular level, LY294002 caused swelling and clustering of late endosomes leading to inhibition of vacuolar transport. At the proteome level, this compound caused changes in abundances of proteins categorized to 10 functional classes. Among proteins involved in vesicular trafficking, a small GTPase ARFA1f was more abundant, indicating its possible contribution to the aggregation and fusion of late endosomes triggered by LY294002. Our study provides new information on storage proteins and vacuolar hydrolases in vegetative tissues treated by LY294002. Vacuolar hydrolases were downregulated, while storage proteins were more abundant, suggesting that storage proteins were protected from degradation in swollen multivesicular bodies upon LY294002 treatment. Upregulation of 2S albumin was validated by immunoblotting and immunolabeling analyses. Our study also pointed to the control of antioxidant enzyme machinery by PI3K because LY294002 downregulated two isozymes of superoxide dismutase. This most likely occurred via PI3K-mediated downregulation of protein AtDJ1A. Finally, we discuss specificity differences of LY294002 and wortmannin against PI3K, which are reflected at the proteome level. Compared with wortmannin, LY294002 showed more narrow and perhaps also more specific effects on proteins, as suggested by gene ontology functional annotation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomáš Takáč
- Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, Palacký University , Šlechtitelů 11, CZ-783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
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50
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Agami RA, Mohamed GF. Exogenous treatment with indole-3-acetic acid and salicylic acid alleviates cadmium toxicity in wheat seedlings. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2013; 94:164-71. [PMID: 23684274 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2013.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2013] [Revised: 04/21/2013] [Accepted: 04/22/2013] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The seedlings of wheat were grown in the presence of CdCl2 (500 or 1000 μM Cd), were applied with 500 μM of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) or 500 μM salicylic acid (SA) as seed soaking and were sampled at 56 days after sowing. The plants exposed to Cd exhibited a substantial decline in growth, pigment content, relative water content (RWC) activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POX) and leaf structure. However, pretreatment with IAA or SA mitigated the stress generated by Cd and markedly improved the aforesaid parameters. The Cd increased proline content, electrolyte leakage and plant Cd content. However, the IAA or SA treatment attenuated the adverse effects of Cd on these attributes. The results showed that pretreatment with IAA or SA enhanced the antioxidant defense activities in Cd stressed wheat, thus alleviating Cd induced oxidative damage and enhancing Cd tolerance and leaf anatomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramadan A Agami
- Agricultural Botany Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Fayoum University, 63514 Fayoum, Egypt.
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