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Yu H, Gao X, Ge Q, Tai W, Hao X, Shao Q, Fang Z, Chen M, Song Y, Gao W, Liu G, Du X, Li X. Tumor necrosis factor-α reduces adiponectin production by decreasing transcriptional activity of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ in calf adipocytes. J Dairy Sci 2023; 106:5182-5195. [PMID: 37268580 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2022-22919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Adiponectin (encoded by ADIPOQ) is an adipokine that orchestrates energy homeostasis by modulating glucose and fatty acid metabolism in peripheral tissues. During the periparturient period, dairy cows often develop adipose tissue inflammation and decreased plasma adiponectin levels. Proinflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) plays a pivotal role in regulating the endocrine functions of adipocytes, but whether it affects adiponectin production in calf adipocytes remains obscure. Thus, the present study aimed to determine whether TNF-α could affect adiponectin production in calf adipocytes and to identify the underlying mechanism. Adipocytes isolated from Holstein calves were differentiated and used for (1) BODIPY493/503 staining; (2) treatment with 0.1 ng/mL TNF-α for different times (0, 8, 16, 24, or 48 h); (3) transfection with peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARG) small interfering RNA for 48 h followed by treatment with or without 0.1 ng/mL TNF-α for 24 h; and (4) overexpression of PPARG for 48 h followed by treatment with or without 0.1 ng/mL TNF-α for 24 h. After differentiation, obvious lipid droplets and secretion of adiponectin were observed in adipocytes. Treatment with TNF-α did not alter mRNA abundance of ADIPOQ but reduced the total and high molecular weight (HMW) adiponectin content in the supernatant of adipocytes. Quantification of mRNA abundance of endoplasmic reticulum (ER)/Golgi resident chaperones involved in adiponectin assembly revealed that ER protein 44 (ERP44), ER oxidoreductase 1α (ERO1A), and disulfide bond-forming oxidoreductase A-like protein (GSTK1) were downregulated in TNF-α-treated adipocytes, while 78-kDa glucose-regulated protein and Golgi-localizing γ-adaptin ear homology domain ARF binding protein-1 were unaltered. Moreover, TNF-α diminished nuclear translocation of PPARγ and downregulated mRNA abundance of PPARG and its downstream target gene fatty acid synthase, suggesting that TNF-α suppressed the transcriptional activity of PPARγ. In the absence of TNF-α, overexpression of PPARG enhanced the total and HMW adiponectin content in supernatant and upregulated the mRNA abundance of ADIPOQ, ERP44, ERO1A, and GSTK1 in adipocytes. However, knockdown of PPARG reduced the total and HMW adiponectin content in supernatant and downregulated the mRNA abundance of ADIPOQ, ERP44, ERO1A, and GSTK1 in adipocytes. In the presence of TNF-α, overexpression of PPARG decreased, while knockdown of PPARG further exacerbated TNF-α-induced reductions in total and HMW adiponectin secretion and gene expression of ERP44, ERO1A, and GSTK1. Overall, TNF-α reduces adiponectin assembly in the calf adipocyte, which may be partly mediated by attenuation of PPARγ transcriptional activity. Thus, locally elevated levels of TNF-α in adipose tissue may be one reason for the decrease in circulating adiponectin in periparturient dairy cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Yu
- State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun, 130062, Jilin, China
| | - Xinxing Gao
- State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun, 130062, Jilin, China
| | - Qilai Ge
- State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun, 130062, Jilin, China
| | - Wenjun Tai
- State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun, 130062, Jilin, China
| | - Xue Hao
- State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun, 130062, Jilin, China
| | - Qi Shao
- State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun, 130062, Jilin, China
| | - Zhiyuan Fang
- State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun, 130062, Jilin, China
| | - Meng Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun, 130062, Jilin, China
| | - Yuxiang Song
- State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun, 130062, Jilin, China
| | - Wenwen Gao
- State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun, 130062, Jilin, China
| | - Guowen Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun, 130062, Jilin, China
| | - Xiliang Du
- State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun, 130062, Jilin, China.
| | - Xinwei Li
- State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun, 130062, Jilin, China.
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Luo X, Ng C, He J, Yang M, Luo X, Herbert TP, Whitehead JP. Vitamin C protects against hypoxia, inflammation, and ER stress in primary human preadipocytes and adipocytes. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2022; 556:111740. [PMID: 35932980 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2022.111740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Dysregulation of adipose tissue involves increased cellular hypoxia, ER stress, and inflammation and altered adipokine production, contributing to the aetiology of obesity-related diseases including type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. This study aimed to investigate the effects of Vitamin C supplementation on these processes in primary human preadipocytes and adipocytes. Treatment of preadipocytes and adipocytes with the proinflammatory cytokine TNFα and palmitic acid (PA), to mimic the obesogenic milieu, significantly increased markers of hypoxia, ER stress and inflammation and reduced secretion of high molecular weight (HMW) adiponectin. Importantly, Vitamin C abolished TNFα+PA induced hypoxia and significantly reduced the increases in ER stress and inflammation in both cell types. Vitamin C also significantly increased the secretion of HMW adiponectin from adipocytes. These findings indicate that Vitamin C can reduce obesity-associated cellular stress and thus provide a rationale for future investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqin Luo
- Mater Research, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Choaping Ng
- Mater Research, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jingjing He
- Mater Research, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Mengliu Yang
- Mater Research, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Xiao Luo
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, PR China
| | | | - Jonathan P Whitehead
- Mater Research, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; Department of Life Sciences, University of Lincoln, Lincolnshire, UK.
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Adiponectin Deregulation in Systemic Autoimmune Rheumatic Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22084095. [PMID: 33920997 PMCID: PMC8071452 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22084095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Deregulation of adiponectin is found in systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases (SARDs). Its expression is downregulated by various inflammatory mediators, but paradoxically, elevated serum levels are present in SARDs with high inflammatory components, such as rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus. Circulating adiponectin is positively associated with radiographic progression in rheumatoid arthritis as well as with cardiovascular risks and lupus nephritis in systemic lupus erythematosus. However, in SARDs with less prominent inflammation, such as systemic sclerosis, adiponectin levels are low and correlate negatively with disease activity. Regulators of adiponectin gene expression (PPAR-γ, Id3, ATF3, and SIRT1) and inflammatory cytokines (interleukin 6 and tumor necrosis factor α) are differentially expressed in SARDs and could therefore influence total adiponectin levels. In addition, anti-inflammatory therapy could also have an impact, as tocilizumab treatment is associated with increased serum adiponectin. However, anti-tumor necrosis factor α treatment does not seem to affect its levels. Our review provides an overview of studies on adiponectin levels in the bloodstream and other biological samples from SARD patients and presents some possible explanations why adiponectin is deregulated in the context of therapy and gene regulation.
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Does adiponectin play a role in the pathogenesis of chronic spontaneous urticaria? Cent Eur J Immunol 2020; 45:56-59. [PMID: 32425680 PMCID: PMC7226560 DOI: 10.5114/ceji.2020.94678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Chronic spontaneous urticaria constitutes an interdisciplinary problem and its pathogenesis is still a subject of debate. Overweight and hyperlipidemia are supposed to be related to chronic spontaneous urticaria. Fatty tissue can be the source of adipokines. Aim of the study To assess the potential role of adiponectin in chronic spontaneous urticaria pathogenesis. Material and methods The study included 52 chronic spontaneous urticaria patients and 43 healthy controls. The patients were divided into two subgroups: patients with wheals only, and patients with urticaria and an accompanying angioedema. The adiponectin concentration was measured in all studied subjects. Results No statistically significant difference in adiponectin level was determined between the studied groups and subgroups. Conclusions We are among the first to present the results of study to determine a possible role of adipokines in chronic spontaneous urticaria pathogenesis. We did not observe any difference in adiponectin level. In our opinion, it is necessary to conduct further analyses in this field.
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Morris EV, Suchacki KJ, Hocking J, Cartwright R, Sowman A, Gamez B, Lea R, Drake MT, Cawthorn WP, Edwards CM. Myeloma Cells Down-Regulate Adiponectin in Bone Marrow Adipocytes Via TNF-Alpha. J Bone Miner Res 2020; 35:942-955. [PMID: 31886918 PMCID: PMC9328417 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.3951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Multiple myeloma is caused by abnormal plasma cells that accumulate in the bone marrow and interact with resident cells of the bone microenvironment to drive disease progression and development of an osteolytic bone disease. Bone marrow adipocytes (BMAds) are emerging as having important endocrine functions that can support myeloma cell growth and survival. However, how BMAds respond to infiltrating tumor cells remains poorly understood. Using the C57BL/KaLwRij murine model of myeloma, bone marrow adiposity was found to be increased in early stage myeloma with BMAds localizing along the tumor-bone interface at later stages of disease. Myeloma cells were found to uptake BMAd-derived lipids in vitro and in vivo, although lipid uptake was not associated with the ability of BMAds to promote myeloma cell growth and survival. However, BMAd-derived factors were found to increase myeloma cell migration, viability, and the evasion of apoptosis. BMAds are a major source of adiponectin, which is known to be myeloma-suppressive. Myeloma cells were found to downregulate adiponectin specifically in a model of BMAds but not in white adipocytes. The ability of myeloma cells to downregulate adiponectin was dependent at least in part on TNF-α. Collectively our data support the link between increased bone marrow adiposity and myeloma progression. By demonstrating how TNF-α downregulates BMAd-derived adiponectin, we reveal a new mechanism by which myeloma cells alter the bone microenvironment to support disease progression. © 2019 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma V Morris
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,NIHR Oxford BRC, Oxford, UK.,Oxford Centre for Translational Myeloma Research, Oxford, UK
| | - Karla J Suchacki
- University/British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Joseph Hocking
- NIHR Oxford BRC, Oxford, UK.,Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology, and Musculoskeletal Sciences, Oxford, UK
| | - Rachel Cartwright
- NIHR Oxford BRC, Oxford, UK.,Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology, and Musculoskeletal Sciences, Oxford, UK
| | - Aneka Sowman
- NIHR Oxford BRC, Oxford, UK.,Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology, and Musculoskeletal Sciences, Oxford, UK
| | - Beatriz Gamez
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,NIHR Oxford BRC, Oxford, UK.,Oxford Centre for Translational Myeloma Research, Oxford, UK
| | - Ryan Lea
- NIHR Oxford BRC, Oxford, UK.,Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology, and Musculoskeletal Sciences, Oxford, UK
| | - Matthew T Drake
- Kogod Center on Aging and Division of Endocrinology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - William P Cawthorn
- University/British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Claire M Edwards
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,NIHR Oxford BRC, Oxford, UK.,Oxford Centre for Translational Myeloma Research, Oxford, UK.,Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology, and Musculoskeletal Sciences, Oxford, UK
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6
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Adiponectin, Obesity, and Cancer: Clash of the Bigwigs in Health and Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20102519. [PMID: 31121868 PMCID: PMC6566909 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20102519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Revised: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Adiponectin is one of the most important adipocytokines secreted by adipocytes and is called a “guardian angel adipocytokine” owing to its unique biological functions. Adiponectin inversely correlates with body fat mass and visceral adiposity. Identified independently by four different research groups, adiponectin has multiple names; Acrp30, apM1, GBP28, and AdipoQ. Adiponectin mediates its biological functions via three known receptors, AdipoR1, AdipoR2, and T-cadherin, which are distributed throughout the body. Biological functions of adiponectin are multifold ranging from anti-diabetic, anti-atherogenic, anti-inflammatory to anti-cancer. Lower adiponectin levels have been associated with metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes, insulin resistance, cardiovascular diseases, and hypertension. A plethora of experimental evidence supports the role of obesity and increased adiposity in multiple cancers including breast, liver, pancreatic, prostrate, ovarian, and colorectal cancers. Obesity mediates its effect on cancer progression via dysregulation of adipocytokines including increased production of oncogenic adipokine leptin along with decreased production of adiponectin. Multiple studies have shown the protective role of adiponectin in obesity-associated diseases and cancer. Adiponectin modulates multiple signaling pathways to exert its physiological and protective functions. Many studies over the years have shown the beneficial effect of adiponectin in cancer regression and put forth various innovative ways to increase adiponectin levels.
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7
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Activated glycine receptors may decrease endosomal NADPH oxidase activity by opposing ClC-3-mediated efflux of chloride from endosomes. Med Hypotheses 2019; 123:125-129. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2019.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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8
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Yuan T, Yang T, Chen H, Fu D, Hu Y, Wang J, Yuan Q, Yu H, Xu W, Xie X. New insights into oxidative stress and inflammation during diabetes mellitus-accelerated atherosclerosis. Redox Biol 2019; 20:247-260. [PMID: 30384259 PMCID: PMC6205410 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2018.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 358] [Impact Index Per Article: 71.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Revised: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress and inflammation interact in the development of diabetic atherosclerosis. Intracellular hyperglycemia promotes production of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS), increased formation of intracellular advanced glycation end-products, activation of protein kinase C, and increased polyol pathway flux. ROS directly increase the expression of inflammatory and adhesion factors, formation of oxidized-low density lipoprotein, and insulin resistance. They activate the ubiquitin pathway, inhibit the activation of AMP-protein kinase and adiponectin, decrease endothelial nitric oxide synthase activity, all of which accelerate atherosclerosis. Changes in the composition of the gut microbiota and changes in microRNA expression that influence the regulation of target genes that occur in diabetes interact with increased ROS and inflammation to promote atherosclerosis. This review highlights the consequences of the sustained increase of ROS production and inflammation that influence the acceleration of atherosclerosis by diabetes. The potential contributions of changes in the gut microbiota and microRNA expression are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Yuan
- The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan Province 646000, China
| | - Ting Yang
- The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan Province 646000, China
| | - Huan Chen
- The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan Province 646000, China.
| | - Danli Fu
- The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan Province 646000, China
| | - Yangyang Hu
- The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan Province 646000, China
| | - Jing Wang
- The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan Province 646000, China
| | - Qing Yuan
- The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan Province 646000, China
| | - Hong Yu
- The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan Province 646000, China
| | - Wenfeng Xu
- The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan Province 646000, China
| | - Xiang Xie
- The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan Province 646000, China.
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Rajan S, Panzade G, Srivastava A, Shankar K, Pandey R, Kumar D, Gupta S, Gupta A, Varshney S, Beg M, Mishra RK, Shankar R, Gaikwad A. miR-876-3p regulates glucose homeostasis and insulin sensitivity by targeting adiponectin. J Endocrinol 2018; 239:1–17. [PMID: 30307150 DOI: 10.1530/joe-17-0387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
miRNA has been known to regulate diverse cellular and molecular functions. In the earlier study, we have reported that adipocytes differentiated from human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC) on 72-h chronic insulin (CI) treatment exhibit insulin resistance (IR). Present study has further explored above model to investigate the role of early expressed miRNAs within human adipocytes to modulate differential adipokine expression as observed during IR. Our results highlight that miR-876-3p regulate glucose homeostasis and its dysregulation leads to IR. We found that miR-876-3p level is a critical determinant of adiponectin expression by virtue of its target within adiponectin 3′UTR. Regulatory effect of miR-876-3p impacts crosstalk between adiponectin and insulin signaling. Rosiglitazone treatment in CI-induced IR adipocytes drastically reduced miR-876-3p expression and increased adiponectin level. In line with this, lentiviral-mediated inhibition of miR-876-3p expression ameliorated CI and high-fat diet (HFD)-induced IR in adipocytes differentiated from hMSC and C57BL/6 mice, respectively. Our findings thus suggest that modulating miR-876-3p expression could provide novel opportunities for therapeutic intervention of obesity-associated metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujith Rajan
- Division of Pharmacology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-CDRI, Lucknow, India
| | - Ganesh Panzade
- Studio of Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-IHBT, Palampur, India
| | - Ankita Srivastava
- Division of Pharmacology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-CDRI, Lucknow, India
| | - Kripa Shankar
- Division of Pharmacology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| | - Rajesh Pandey
- CSIR Ayurgenomics Unit-TRISUTRA, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, New Delhi, India
| | - Durgesh Kumar
- Division of Pharmacology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-CDRI, Lucknow, India
| | - Sanchita Gupta
- Division of Pharmacology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-CDRI, Lucknow, India
| | - Abhishek Gupta
- Division of Pharmacology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| | - Salil Varshney
- Division of Pharmacology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-CDRI, Lucknow, India
| | - Muheeb Beg
- Division of Pharmacology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| | | | - Ravi Shankar
- Studio of Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-IHBT, Palampur, India
| | - Anil Gaikwad
- Division of Pharmacology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-CDRI, Lucknow, India
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Krumm CS, Giesy SL, Orndorff CL, Boisclair YR. Variation in x-box binding protein 1 (XBP1) expression and its dependent endoplasmic reticulum chaperones does not regulate adiponectin secretion in dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2018; 101:5559-5570. [PMID: 29550138 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2017-14048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 01/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Adiponectin is an insulin-sensitizing hormone produced predominantly by adipose tissue; it circulates as oligomers of 3, 6, 18, or more units. Plasma adiponectin might be involved in the development of insulin resistance in transition dairy cows because it falls to a nadir around parturition. The possibility that this regulation occurs through a post-transcriptional mechanism was suggested in a previous study that showed unchanged adiponectin mRNA abundance combined with reduced expression of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) chaperones implicated in assembly of adiponectin oligomers. Expression of ER chaperones is controlled by x-box binding protein 1 (XBP1) and activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6), suggesting a model whereby transcriptional regulation of ER chaperones during the transition period contributes to the regulation of adiponectin production. In support of this model, XBP1 expression in adipose tissue, measured either as the active spliced XBP1 mRNA or as the total of all XBP1 mRNA isoforms, was 45% lower on d 8 of lactation than 4 wk before parturition; ATF6 mRNA abundance remained unchanged over the same period. To assess the functional importance of XBP1, preadipocytes isolated from pregnant cows were differentiated into adipocytes that secrete adiponectin. Infection of differentiating cells with an adenovirus expressing the active spliced version of bovine XBP1 did not alter adiponectin mRNA but increased the expression of ER chaperones 1.5- to 5-fold. Despite the latter, XBP1 overexpression did not affect the total amount of adiponectin secreted in medium. In additional experiments, adiponectin production was dependent on exogenous lipid in the medium and was reduced during incubation with tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα). Accordingly, we asked whether the repressive effects of these factors on adiponectin production were related to a reduction in the expression of adiponectin or determinants of ER function (XBP1, ATF6, and ER chaperones). Exogenous lipid had no effect on the expression of any of these genes, whereas TNFα repressed adiponectin mRNA abundance by 61% but had little effect on determinants of ER function. Overall, this work shows that XBP1 is a positive regulator of ER chaperone expression in adipose tissue but provides no support for XBP1 and its dependent ER chaperones in the regulation of adiponectin production in bovine adipocytes. Mechanisms accounting for reduced plasma adiponectin in transition cows remain poorly understood.
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Affiliation(s)
- C S Krumm
- Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - S L Giesy
- Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - C L Orndorff
- Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - Y R Boisclair
- Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853.
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11
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Takagi M, Kimura K, Nakashima KI, Inoue M. Ameliorative effect of panaxynol on the reduction in high-molecular-weight adiponectin secretion from 3T3-L1 adipocytes treated with palmitic acids. Eur J Pharmacol 2017; 820:138-145. [PMID: 29248425 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2017.12.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Revised: 12/09/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Reduced plasma levels of the high-molecular weight (HMW) form of adiponectin, rather than total adiponectin levels, have been shown to be closely associated with various metabolic diseases including insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. Therefore, we sought to explore active, naturally occurring compounds that promote the recovery of HMW adiponectin secretion suppressed by palmitic acid in our model. A total of 90 crude drug extracts were screened for the ability to augment HMW adiponectin secretion from 3T3-L1 adipocytes treated with palmitic acid. Panaxynol was isolated from Saposhnikovia divaricata as an active compound with HMW adiponectin promoting properties. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) agonists are reported to increase the secretion of HMW adiponectin, although the effects of panaxynol were found to be independent of PPARγ activation. When the underlying mechanisms were further examined, panaxynol was found to inhibit the palmitic-acid-induced downregulation of forkhead box O1 (FoxO1) protein, and the anti-lipotoxic effects were abolished by a FoxO1 inhibitor. Furthermore, CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein-α (C/EBPα) mRNA levels were also increased by panaxynol. Reactive oxygen species have critical roles in the reduction in HMW adiponection secretion by palmitic acid; however, panaxynol reduced this increase in reactive oxygen species generation, followed by reductions in markers of endoplasmic reticulum stress and inflammation. Taken together, these findings suggest that panaxynol ameliorates the impaired HMW adiponection secretion in adipocytes treated with palmitic acid by restoring FoxO1 expression, owing to inhibition of reactive oxygen species generation, in a PPARγ-independent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michiyo Takagi
- Laboratory of Natural Resources, School of Pharmacy, Aichi Gakuin University, 1-100 Kusumoto-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8650, Japan; Department of Hospital Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 1-Kawasumi, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya 467-8601, Japan
| | - Kazunori Kimura
- Department of Hospital Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 1-Kawasumi, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya 467-8601, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichi Nakashima
- Laboratory of Natural Resources, School of Pharmacy, Aichi Gakuin University, 1-100 Kusumoto-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8650, Japan
| | - Makoto Inoue
- Laboratory of Natural Resources, School of Pharmacy, Aichi Gakuin University, 1-100 Kusumoto-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8650, Japan.
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12
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Krumm C, Giesy S, Caixeta L, Butler W, Sauerwein H, Kim J, Boisclair Y. Effect of hormonal and energy-related factors on plasma adiponectin in transition dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2017; 100:9418-9427. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2017-13274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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13
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Yang T, Liu H, Zhao B, Xia Z, Zhang Y, Zhang D, Li M, Cao Y, Zhang Z, Bi Y, Wang C. Wogonin enhances intracellular adiponectin levels and suppresses adiponectin secretion in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Endocr J 2017; 64:15-26. [PMID: 27667474 DOI: 10.1507/endocrj.ej16-0158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
As an insulin sensitizer and modulator of inflammatory responses, adiponectin has become a therapeutic target for insulin resistance, diabetes, and diabetes-related complications. Wogonin possesses anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, and anti-diabetic abilities. However, its effect on generation and secretion of adiponectin is ill-defined in adipocytes. Here, we demonstrated that wogonin administration augmented intracellular adiponectin levels and attenuated adiponectin release in a dose- and time-dependent manner in mature 3T3-L1 adipocytes, along with a suppression of PKCδ phosphorylation. Wogonin treatment also prevented PKCδ overexpression-induced reduction of intracellular adiponectin levels and enhancement of adiponectin release. In addition, wogonin supplementation dramatically increased AMPK phosphorylation and SirT1 expression. Inhibition of either AMPK or SirT1 mitigated wogonin action on adiponectin production and release. Furthermore, inhibition of AMPK by its specific inhibitor markedly reduced wogonin-enhanced mRNA and protein expressions of SirT1. These results suggested that wogonin regulated expression and secretion of adiponectin via PKCδ/AMPK/SirT1 signaling pathway in mature 3T3-L1 adipocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tan Yang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Wuhan University School of Public Health, Wuhan 430071, China
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He Y, Lu L, Wei X, Jin D, Qian T, Yu A, Sun J, Cui J, Yang Z. The multimerization and secretion of adiponectin are regulated by TNF-alpha. Endocrine 2016; 51:456-68. [PMID: 26407855 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-015-0741-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Accepted: 09/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is often associated with insulin resistance, mild systemic inflammation, and decreased blood adiponectin. However, some adipokines are increased in the adipose tissue of obese individuals, and whether these adipokines are directly related to the reductions in serum adiponectin levels in an autocrine or paracrine manner remains unknown. This study indicates that the tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) suppresses the multimerization and secretion of adiponectin both in vitro and in vivo. Additionally, TNF-α remarkably suppressed the expression of the ER-resident chaperone proteins ERO1-La, DsbA-L, and ERp44. Overexpression of the transcription factor PPARγ antagonized the suppressive effect of TNF-α on ERO1-La and DsbA-L expressions. Further study revealed that PPARγ enhanced the transcription of ERO1-La and DsbA-L by directly binding to the PPRE element of ERO1-La and DsbA-L promoters. TNF-α treatment decreased this binding activity. Furthermore, TNF-α treatment enhanced the interaction between adiponectin and ERp44. In this study, we show that TNF-α impairs adiponectin multimerization and consequently decreases adiponectin secretion by altering disulfide bond modification in the endoplasmic reticulum. Altered adiponectin multimerization could explain declined adiponectin levels and altered distribution of adiponectin complexes in the plasma of obese insulin-resistant individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiduo He
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Linfang Lu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuan Wei
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Jin
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Qian
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - An Yu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Sun
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiesheng Cui
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Zaiqing Yang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, People's Republic of China.
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Wang LL, Miller D, Wanders D, Nanayakkara G, Amin R, Judd R, Morrison EE, Zhong JM. Adiponectin downregulation is associated with volume overload-induced myocyte dysfunction in rats. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2016; 37:187-95. [PMID: 26616727 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2015.84] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Accepted: 08/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Adiponectin has been reported to exert protective effects during pathological ventricular remodeling, but the role of adiponectin in volume overload-induced heart failure remains unclear. In this study we investigated the effect of adiponectin on cardiac myocyte contractile dysfunction following volume overload in rats. METHODS Volume overload was surgically induced in rats by infrarenal aorta-vena cava fistula. The rats were intravenously administered adenoviral adiponectin at 2-, 6- and 9-weeks following fistula. The protein expression of adiponectin, adiponectin receptors (AdipoR1/R2 and T-cadherin) and AMPK activity were measured using Western blot analyses. Isolated ventricular myocytes were prepared at 12 weeks post-fistula to examine the contractile performance of myocytes and intracellular Ca(2+) transient. RESULTS A-V fistula resulted in significant reductions in serum and myocardial adiponectin levels, myocardial adiponectin receptor (AdipoR1/R2 and T-cadherin) levels, as well as myocardial AMPK activity. Consistent with these changes, the isolated myocytes exhibited significant depression in cell shortening and intracellular Ca(2+) transient. Administration of adenoviral adiponectin significantly increased serum adiponectin levels and prevented myocyte contractile dysfunction in fistula rats. Furthermore, pretreatment of isolated myocytes with recombinant adiponectin (2.5 μg/mL) significantly improved their contractile performance in fistula rats, but had no effects in control or adenoviral adiponectin-administered rats. CONCLUSION These results demonstrate a positive correlation between adiponectin downregulation and volume overload-induced ventricular remodeling. Adiponectin plays a protective role in volume overload-induced heart failure.
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Taira R, Yamaguchi S, Shimizu K, Nakamura K, Ayabe T, Taira T. Bacterial cell wall components regulate adipokine secretion from visceral adipocytes. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2015; 56:149-54. [PMID: 25759521 PMCID: PMC4345181 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.14-74] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2014] [Accepted: 09/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies suggest a relationship between intestinal microbiota and metabolic syndromes; however, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. To clarify this issue, we assessed the effects of bacterial cell wall components on adiponectin, leptin and resistin secretion from rat visceral adipocytes in vitro. We also measured the relative population of Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes in fecal microbiota and the amount of fecal mucin as an intestinal barrier function, when mice were fed a high-fat diet. In the present study, we demonstrated that bacterial cell wall components affect the secretion of adipokines, depending on the presence of antigens from gram-positive or gram-negative bacteria. Lipopolysaccharide markedly inhibited adiponectin, leptin, and resistin secretion, whereas peptidoglycan increased adiponectin secretion and decreased resistin secretion in vitro. In vivo experiments showed that the high-fat diet increased the population of Firmicutes and decreased that of Bacteroidetes. In contrast, the high-fat diet downregulated the stool output and fecal mucin content. These results demonstrate that bacterial cell wall components affect the onset of metabolic syndromes by mediating the secretion of adipokines from visceral adipose tissue. Furthermore, we believe that metabolic endotoxemia is not due to the increasing dominance of gram-negative bacteria, Bacteroidetes, but due to the depression of intestinal barrier function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Risa Taira
- Division of Biology, Department of Biological Sciences, School of Science, Hokkaido University, Kita10 Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
| | - Sayori Yamaguchi
- Cosmo Bio Co., Ltd., Primary Cell Division, YS Bldg, 1-12 12 Nishimachi-kita, Sapporo 063-0061, Japan
| | - Kyoko Shimizu
- Cosmo Bio Co., Ltd., Primary Cell Division, YS Bldg, 1-12 12 Nishimachi-kita, Sapporo 063-0061, Japan
| | - Kiminori Nakamura
- Department of Cell Biological Science, Faculty of Advanced Life Science, Graduate School of Life Science, Hokkaido University, North 21 West 11, Kita-ku, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan
| | - Tokiyoshi Ayabe
- Department of Cell Biological Science, Faculty of Advanced Life Science, Graduate School of Life Science, Hokkaido University, North 21 West 11, Kita-ku, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan
| | - Toshio Taira
- Cosmo Bio Co., Ltd., Primary Cell Division, YS Bldg, 1-12 12 Nishimachi-kita, Sapporo 063-0061, Japan
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Ogawa H, Damrongrungruang T, Hori S, Nouno K, Minagawa K, Sato M, Miyazaki H. Effect of periodontal treatment on adipokines in type 2 diabetes. World J Diabetes 2014; 5:924-931. [PMID: 25512798 PMCID: PMC4265882 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v5.i6.924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2014] [Revised: 09/29/2014] [Accepted: 11/10/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The association between adipokines and inflammatory periodontal diseases has been studied over the last two decades. This review was intended to explore the observation that periodontal therapy may lead to an improvement of adipokines in diabetic patients. In summary, substantial evidence suggests that diabetes is associated with increased prevalence, extent and severity of periodontitis. Numerous mechanisms have been elucidated to explain the impact of diabetes on the periodontium. However, current knowledge concerning the role of major adipokines indicates only some of their associations with the pathogenesis of periodontitis in type 2 diabetes. Conversely, treatment of periodontal disease and reduction of oral inflammation may have positive effects on the diabetic condition, although evidence for this remains somewhat equivocal.
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Caselli C. Role of adiponectin system in insulin resistance. Mol Genet Metab 2014; 113:155-60. [PMID: 25242063 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2014.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2014] [Revised: 09/04/2014] [Accepted: 09/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The knowledge of the pathogenesis of obesity and its metabolic sequelae has significantly advanced over the last few decades and adipose tissue is now considered a link between obesity and insulin resistance. Adiponectin, one of the major adipocyte-secreted proteins, has attracted scientific interest in recent years and has been extensively studied both in human and animal models. Adiponectin exerts insulin-sensitizing effects through binding to its receptors, leading to activation of AMPK, PPAR-α, and potentially other unknown molecular pathways. In obesity-linked insulin resistance, both adiponectin and adiponectin receptors are downregulated, leading to activation of signaling pathways involved in metabolism regulation. Up-regulation of adiponectin/adiponectin receptors or enhancing adiponectin receptor function may be an interesting therapeutic strategy for obesity-linked insulin resistance. In this review we will focus on the recent research related to the relationship between the adiponectin system and insulin resistance. The potential use of adiponectin or its receptor for therapeutic intervention will be also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Caselli
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Institute of Clinical Physiology, Laboratory of Cardiovascular Biochemistry, Pisa 56100, Italy.
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Correnti JM, Juskeviciute E, Swarup A, Hoek JB. Pharmacological ceramide reduction alleviates alcohol-induced steatosis and hepatomegaly in adiponectin knockout mice. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2014; 306:G959-73. [PMID: 24742988 PMCID: PMC4042116 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00395.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Hepatosteatosis, the ectopic accumulation of lipid in the liver, is one of the earliest clinical signs of alcoholic liver disease (ALD). Alcohol-dependent deregulation of liver ceramide levels as well as inhibition of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPAR-α) activity are thought to contribute to hepatosteatosis development. Adiponectin can regulate lipid handling in the liver and has been shown to reduce ceramide levels and activate AMPK and PPAR-α. However, the mechanisms by which adiponectin prevents alcoholic hepatosteatosis remain incompletely characterized. To address this question, we assessed ALD progression in wild-type (WT) and adiponectin knockout (KO) mice fed an ethanol-containing liquid diet or isocaloric control diet. Adiponectin KO mice relative to WT had increased alcohol-induced hepatosteatosis and hepatomegaly, similar modest increases in serum alanine aminotransferase, and reduced liver TNF. Restoring circulating adiponectin levels using recombinant adiponectin ameliorated alcohol-induced hepatosteatosis and hepatomegaly in adiponectin KO mice. Alcohol-fed WT and adiponectin KO animals had equivalent reductions in AMPK protein and PPAR-α DNA binding activity compared with control-fed animals. No difference in P-AMPK/AMPK ratio was detected, suggesting that alcohol-dependent deregulation of AMPK and PPAR-α in the absence of adiponectin are not primary causes of the observed increase in hepatosteatosis in these animals. By contrast, alcohol treatment increased liver ceramide levels in adiponectin KO but not WT mice. Importantly, pharmacological inhibition of de novo ceramide synthesis in adiponectin KO mice abrogated alcohol-mediated increases in liver ceramides, steatosis, and hepatomegaly. These data suggest that adiponectin reduces alcohol-induced steatosis and hepatomegaly through regulation of liver ceramides, but its absence does not exacerbate alcohol-induced liver damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason M. Correnti
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Egle Juskeviciute
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Aditi Swarup
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Jan B. Hoek
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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Caselli C, D'Amico A, Cabiati M, Prescimone T, Del Ry S, Giannessi D. Back to the heart: the protective role of adiponectin. Pharmacol Res 2014; 82:9-20. [PMID: 24657240 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2014.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2013] [Revised: 02/25/2014] [Accepted: 03/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death worldwide and the prevalence of obesity and diabetes are increasing. In obesity, adipose tissue increases the secretion of bioactive mediators (adipokines) that may represent a key mechanism linking obesity to CVD. Adiponectin, extensively studied in metabolic diseases, exerts anti-diabetic, anti-atherogenic and anti-inflammatory activities. Due to these positive actions, the role of adiponectin in cardiovascular protection has been evaluated in recent years. In particular, for its potential therapeutic benefits in humans, adiponectin has become the subject of intense preclinical research. In the cardiovascular context, understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying the adiponectin system, throughout its secretion, regulation and signaling, is critical for designing new drugs that target adiponectin system molecules. This review focused on recent advances regarding molecular mechanisms related to protective effects of the adiponectin system on both cardiac and vascular compartments and its potential use as a target for therapeutic intervention of CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Caselli
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Institute of Clinical Physiology, Laboratory of Cardiovascular Biochemistry, Pisa 56100, Italy.
| | - A D'Amico
- Scuola Superiore S. Anna, Pisa, Italy
| | - M Cabiati
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Institute of Clinical Physiology, Laboratory of Cardiovascular Biochemistry, Pisa 56100, Italy
| | - T Prescimone
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Institute of Clinical Physiology, Laboratory of Cardiovascular Biochemistry, Pisa 56100, Italy
| | - S Del Ry
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Institute of Clinical Physiology, Laboratory of Cardiovascular Biochemistry, Pisa 56100, Italy
| | - D Giannessi
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Institute of Clinical Physiology, Laboratory of Cardiovascular Biochemistry, Pisa 56100, Italy
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Yanagisawa M, Sugiya M, Iijima H, Nakagome I, Hirono S, Tsuda T. Genistein and daidzein, typical soy isoflavones, inhibit TNF-α-mediated downregulation of adiponectin expression via different mechanisms in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Mol Nutr Food Res 2012; 56:1783-93. [PMID: 23109410 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201200284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2012] [Revised: 07/13/2012] [Accepted: 08/22/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Previous reports suggest that soy isoflavones have multiple biological functions and may help to restore adiponectin expression and insulin sensitivity. However, little is known about whether soy isoflavones can inhibit the downregulation of adiponectin and their molecular mechanisms. In the present study, we demonstrate that genistein (Gen) or daidzein (Dai) can significantly inhibit the downregulation of adiponectin expression via unique and different molecular mechanisms. METHODS AND RESULTS Pretreatment with Gen or Dai significantly inhibited the tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α)-mediated downregulation of adiponectin expression in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Gen inhibited the TNF-α-induced c-Jun-NH(2) -terminal kinase (JNK) signaling that is involved in adiponectin expression. Molecular docking studies based on JNK1 with Gen or Dai clearly supported our experimental results. However, Dai did not significantly inhibit JNK signaling. Dai did, however, inhibit the TNF-α-induced downregulation of forkhead box-containg protein O1, which is also involved in adiponectin expression. CONCLUSION These data demonstrate that: (i) both Gen and Dai significantly inhibit the TNF-α-mediated downregulation of adiponectin in adipocytes; (ii) Gen is an effective inhibitor of JNK activation, thus inhibiting the TNF-α-mediated downregulation of adiponectin; and (iii) Dai can inhibit the downregulation of adiponectin by restoring the TNF-α-mediated reduction of forkhead box-containg protein O1 protein expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayoshi Yanagisawa
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chubu University, Kasugai, Aichi, Japan
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Lim JY, Oh MA, Kim WH, Sohn HY, Park SI. AMP-activated protein kinase inhibits TGF-β-induced fibrogenic responses of hepatic stellate cells by targeting transcriptional coactivator p300. J Cell Physiol 2012; 227:1081-9. [PMID: 21567395 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.22824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Liver fibrosis is a common consequence of various chronic liver injuries, including virus infection and ethanol. Activated hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) contribute to liver fibrosis through the accumulation of extracellular matrix proteins, including type I alpha collagen (COL1A). The activation of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) modulates HSCs activation, but its underlying mechanism remains unclear. Here, we report that AMPK inhibits transforming growth factor (TGF)-β-induced fibrogenic property of HSCs by regulating transcriptional coactivator p300. We treated human (LX-2) and rat (CFSC-2G) HSC lines with TGF-β to induce fibrogenic activation of HSCs. Pharmacological activation of AMPK by treatment with 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-4-ribofuranoside (AICAR), metformin, or adiponectin lowered TGF-β-induced expression of COL1A and myofibroblast marker alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA). Transient transduction of constitutively active AMPKα (caAMPKα) was sufficient to attenuate COL1A and α-SMA expression, whereas an AMPK inhibitor considerably abrogated the inhibitory effect of AICAR on fibrogenic gene expression. Although AMPK significantly suppressed Smad-dependent transcription, it did not affect TGF-β-stimulated phosphorylation, nuclear localization, or DNA-binding activity of Smad2/3. AICAR rather attenuated TGF-β-induced Smad3 interaction with transcriptional coactivator p300 accompanying with reduction of Smad3 acetylation. Moreover, AICAR induced not only physical interaction between AMPK and p300 but also proteasomal degradation of p300 protein. Our data provide substantial evidence that AMPK could be a novel therapeutic target for treatment of liver fibrosis, by demonstrating the underlying mechanism of AMPK-induced antifibrotic function in HSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joong-Yeon Lim
- Division of Intractable Diseases, Center for Biomedical Sciences, National Institute of Health, Chungcheongbuk-do, Korea
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Abstract
Adiponectin is an adipokine secreted from adipocytes and plays important roles in the suppression of metabolic syndromes that can result in type 2 diabetes, obesity, and atherosclerosis. Adiponectin is a promising drug target because a number of studies have shown that upregulation of adiponectin has a number of therapeutic benefits. Extensive efforts have revealed various adiponectin regulators, such as cytokines, transcription factors, and drugs. Cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor α, IL-6, and IL-18, downregulate adiponectin production. On the other hand, transcription factors such as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ), CCAAT-enhancer-binding protein α, and forkhead box O1 (FoxO1) upregulate adiponectin expression, although the activating transcription factor 3 and cAMP response element-binding protein downregulate it. Although a number of therapeutic drugs have been reported as adiponectin secretion regulators, most of them act through PPARγ-dependent mechanisms, leaving PPARγ-derived side effects as a concern. Using high-throughput screening, we have identified PPARγ-independent adiponectin secretion regulators as potential drug candidates with a novel mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyosuke Hino
- Genomic Science Laboratories, Dainippon Sumitomo Pharma Co. Ltd., Konohana-Ku, Osaka, Japan.
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Astapova O, Leff T. Adiponectin and PPARγ: cooperative and interdependent actions of two key regulators of metabolism. VITAMINS AND HORMONES 2012; 90:143-62. [PMID: 23017715 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-398313-8.00006-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The recent advances in the understanding of adiponectin and other adipokines have highlighted the role of adipose tissue as an active endocrine organ. One of the central regulators of adipocyte biology is peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ), a transcription factor that induces the adipogenic gene expression program during development, promotes adipose remodeling, and regulates the functions of adipocytes in lipid storage, adipokine secretion, and energy homeostasis. Activation of PPARγ results in increased insulin sensitivity in skeletal muscle and liver and improves the secretory profile of adipose tissue, favoring release of insulin-sensitizing adipokines, such as adiponectin, and reducing inflammatory cytokines. Increased adiponectin production is likely a significant mediator of the systemic effects of PPARγ activation. This chapter will review the interplay between PPARγ and adiponectin in regulating metabolism, presenting evidence that PPARγ regulates adiponectin gene expression, processing, and secretion and that the two proteins have overlapping effects on downstream metabolic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Astapova
- Department of Pathology, The Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
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Feng B, Jiao P, Nie Y, Kim T, Jun D, van Rooijen N, Yang Z, Xu H. Clodronate liposomes improve metabolic profile and reduce visceral adipose macrophage content in diet-induced obese mice. PLoS One 2011; 6:e24358. [PMID: 21931688 PMCID: PMC3171445 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0024358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2011] [Accepted: 08/06/2011] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Obesity-related adipose inflammation has been thought to be a causal factor for the development of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Infiltrated macrophages in adipose tissue of obese animals and humans are an important source for inflammatory cytokines. Clodronate liposomes can ablate macrophages by inducing apoptosis. In this study, we aim to determine whether peritoneal injection of clodronate liposomes has any beneficial effect on systemic glucose homeostasis/insulin sensitivity and whether macrophage content in visceral adipose tissue will be reduced in diet-induced obese (DIO) mice. Methodology/Principal Findings Clodronate liposomes were used to deplete macrophages in lean and DIO mice. Macrophage content in visceral adipose tissue, metabolic parameters, glucose and insulin tolerance, adipose and liver histology, adipokine and cytokine production were examined. Hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp study was also performed to assess systemic insulin sensitivity. Peritoneal injection of clodronate liposomes significantly reduced blood glucose and insulin levels in DIO mice. Systemic glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity were mildly improved in both lean and DIO mice treated with clodronate liposomes by intraperitoneal (ip) injection. Hepatosteatosis was dramatically alleviated and suppression of hepatic glucose output was markedly increased in DIO mice treated with clodronate liposomes. Macrophage content in visceral adipose tissue of DIO mice was effectively decreased without affecting subcutaneous adipose tissue. Interestingly, levels of insulin sensitizing hormone adiponectin, including the high molecular weight form, were significantly elevated in circulation. Conclusions/Significance Intraperitoneal injection of clodronate liposomes reduces visceral adipose tissue macrophages, improves systemic glucose homeostasis and insulin sensitivity in DIO mice, which can be partially attributable to increased adiponectin levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Feng
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Alpert Medical School, Hallett Center for Diabetes and Endocrinology, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, United States of America
| | - Ping Jiao
- Alpert Medical School, Hallett Center for Diabetes and Endocrinology, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, United States of America
| | - Yaohui Nie
- Alpert Medical School, Hallett Center for Diabetes and Endocrinology, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, United States of America
| | - Thomas Kim
- Alpert Medical School, Hallett Center for Diabetes and Endocrinology, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, United States of America
| | - Dale Jun
- Alpert Medical School, Hallett Center for Diabetes and Endocrinology, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, United States of America
| | - Nico van Rooijen
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Zaiqing Yang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Haiyan Xu
- Alpert Medical School, Hallett Center for Diabetes and Endocrinology, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Chen L, He T, Han Y, Sheng JZ, Jin S, Jin MW. Pentamethylquercetin improves adiponectin expression in differentiated 3T3-L1 cells via a mechanism that implicates PPARγ together with TNF-α and IL-6. Molecules 2011; 16:5754-68. [PMID: 21734632 PMCID: PMC6264445 DOI: 10.3390/molecules16075754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2011] [Revised: 06/23/2011] [Accepted: 07/01/2011] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Adiponectin is an adipocyte-derived hormone that plays a pivotal role in the regulation of lipid and glucose metabolism. Up-regulation of adiponectin expression and production has been shown to benefit for metabolic disorders, including type 2 diabetes, hyperlipidemia, etc. The present study investigated whether the novel polymethoxylated flavonoid pentamethylquercetin (PMQ), a member of polymethoxylated flavonoids family which is present in seabuckthorn (Hippophae L.) would affect adiponectin production in differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes. It was found that PMQ increased the adiponectin mRNA and protein expressions in adipocytes in time- and concentration-dependent manners. The PPARγ pathway plays a important roles in this effect of PMQ because blockade of PPARγ by GW9662 eliminates the PMQ-induced up-regulation of adiponectin expression. Furthermore, significant decreases of mRNA expression and secretion of TNF-α and IL-6 were also observed in PMQ-treated cells. Taken together, our study demonstrated that PMQ up-regulates adiponectin expression via a mechanism that implicates PPARγ together with TNF-α and IL-6, suggesting that PMQ might be a potential candidate for the treatment of metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Man-Wen Jin
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; ; Tel.: +86-027-62581360; Fax: +86-027-83692608
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27
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE The member of the tumor necrosis factor family LIGHT (lymphotoxin-like inducible protein that competes with glycoprotein D for herpesvirus entry on T cells; TNFSF14 (tumor necrosis factor super family protein 14) is primarily expressed in lymphocytes, in which it induces the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and alterations of lipid homeostasis. Recently, the protein was shown to be upregulated in obesity and to induce cytokine secretion from adipocytes. RESEARCH METHODS AND PROCEDURES Using an automated complementary DNA (cDNA) screen, LIGHT was identified to inhibit adipose differentiation. As cellular models for adipogenesis mouse 3T3-L1, human SGBS (Simpson-Golabi-Behmel syndrome) and primary human preadipocytes differentiated in vitro were used as well as primary human adipocytes to study adipocyte functions. Analysis of lipid deposition by Oil Red O staining, mRNA expression by quantitative reverse transcriptase-PCR, nuclear factor (NF)-κB activation as well as protein secretion by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and Luminex technology was performed. RESULTS LIGHT was found to inhibit lipid accumulation in the three models of preadipocytes in a dose-dependent manner without cytotoxic effects. This inhibition of differentiation was probably because of interference at early steps of adipogenesis, as early exposure during differentiation showed the strongest effect, as assessed by decreased peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) and CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein-α (C/EBPα) mRNA expression. In contrast to TNFα, basal and insulin-stimulated glucose uptake and lipolysis of terminally differentiated mature adipocytes were not altered in the presence of LIGHT. At a concentration sufficient to inhibit differentiation, secretion of proinflammatory cytokines was not significantly induced and NF-κB activity was only modestly induced compared with TNFα. CONCLUSION LIGHT is a novel inhibitor of human adipocyte differentiation without adversely influencing central metabolic pathways in adipocytes.
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28
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Ozturk ZG, Ekmekci H, Ekmekci OB, Atukeren P, Butun I, Gode S, Besirli K, Kokoglu E, Sonmez H. Nontraditional Risk Factors in Carotid Artery Disease. Clin Appl Thromb Hemost 2010; 16:554-8. [DOI: 10.1177/1076029609354328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Carotid atherosclerosis (AS) is one of the main risk factors for ischemic stroke. Our aim is to evaluate the nontraditional biochemical markers in asymptomatic and symptomatic patients with carotid artery plaque. This study was conducted on 55 patients: 43 with symptomatic and 12 with asymptomatic carotid artery disease. Lipoprotein (a) (Lp(a)), homocysteine, adiponectin, nitric oxide (NO), and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) levels were measured in the plasma. The mean of total cholesterol, triglyceride, and homocysteine levels was significantly elevated in the symptomatic group as compared with the asymptomatic group (P = .03). In the asymptomatic group, adiponectin and NO levels showed elevations as compared with the symptomatic group but this increase was not significant (P > .05). Lipoprotein (a) and TNF-α levels acted inversely with adiponectin and NO. There was an insignificant decline in Lp(a) and TNF-α levels in the asymptomatic group as compared with the symptomatic group (P > .05).
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeynep G. Ozturk
- Department of Biochemistry, Cerrahpasa Medical School, University of İstanbul, İstanbul, Turkey,
| | - Hakan Ekmekci
- Department of Pediatric Heamatology/Oncology, Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, Istanbul Medical School, University of İstanbul, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Ozlem B. Ekmekci
- Department of Biochemistry, Cerrahpasa Medical School, University of İstanbul, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Pinar Atukeren
- Department of Biochemistry, Cerrahpasa Medical School, University of İstanbul, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Ilknur Butun
- Department of Biochemistry, Cerrahpasa Medical School, University of İstanbul, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Safa Gode
- Department of Heart and Vessel Surgery, Cerrahpasa Medical School, University of İstanbul, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Kazim Besirli
- Department of Heart and Vessel Surgery, Cerrahpasa Medical School, University of İstanbul, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Emine Kokoglu
- Department of Biochemistry, Cerrahpasa Medical School, University of İstanbul, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Huseyin Sonmez
- Department of Biochemistry, Cerrahpasa Medical School, University of İstanbul, İstanbul, Turkey
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29
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Karastergiou K, Mohamed-Ali V. The autocrine and paracrine roles of adipokines. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2010; 318:69-78. [PMID: 19948207 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2009.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2009] [Revised: 11/16/2009] [Accepted: 11/23/2009] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Obesity, defined by an excess of adipose tissue, is often associated with the development of various metabolic diseases. The increased and inappropriate deposition of this tissue contributes to hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, insulin resistance, endothelial dysfunction and chronic inflammation. Recent evidence suggests that factors expressed and secreted by the adipose tissue, adipokines, may contribute to the development of these abnormalities by mechanisms including inhibition of adipogenesis, adipocyte hypertrophy and death, immune cell infiltration and disruption of tissue metabolism. The presence of adipokine receptors in adipocytes renders these cells available to autocrine and paracrine effects of adipokines. In this review the reported local effects of adipokines on adipose tissue structure, inflammation and regulation of metabolic functions, in the face of over-nutrition and consequent obesity, are outlined. Elucidating the local regulation of white adipocyte development and function could help in the design of effective, tissue-specific therapies for obesity-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalypso Karastergiou
- Adipokines and Metabolism Research Group, Centre for Clinical Pharmacology, Division of Medicine, University College London, 5 University Street, London WC1E 6JJ, UK
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30
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Miyazaki S, Izawa T, Ogasawara JE, Sakurai T, Nomura S, Kizaki T, Ohno H, Komabayashi T. Effect of exercise training on adipocyte-size-dependent expression of leptin and adiponectin. Life Sci 2010; 86:691-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2010.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2009] [Revised: 02/03/2010] [Accepted: 02/26/2010] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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31
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Abstract
Adiponectin is an adipose-tissue-derived hormone with anti-diabetic, anti-atherogenic and anti-inflammatory functions. Adiponectin circulates in the bloodstream in trimeric, hexameric and high-molecular-mass species, and different forms of adiponectin have been found to play distinct roles in the regulation of energy homoeostasis. The serum levels of adiponectin are negatively correlated with obesity and insulin resistance, yet the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. In the present review, we summarize recent progress made on the mechanisms regulating adiponectin gene transcription, multimerization and secretion. We also discuss the potential relevance of these studies to the development of new clinical therapy for insulin resistance, Type 2 diabetes and other obesity-related metabolic disorders.
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32
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Tiller G, Fischer-Posovszky P, Laumen H, Finck A, Skurk T, Keuper M, Brinkmann U, Wabitsch M, Link D, Hauner H. Effects of TWEAK (TNF superfamily member 12) on differentiation, metabolism, and secretory function of human primary preadipocytes and adipocytes. Endocrinology 2009; 150:5373-83. [PMID: 19887572 DOI: 10.1210/en.2009-0488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Expansion of adipose tissue mass by hypertrophy and hyperplasia is the hallmark of obesity. An automated cDNA screen was established to identify secreted human proteins with an inhibitory effect on adipocyte differentiation and, thereby, a potential inhibitory effect on adipose tissue growth. A member of the TNF superfamily, TNF-like weak inducer of apoptosis (TWEAK; TNF superfamily 12) was identified by means of high-throughput screening with the lipophilic dye Nile Red as an inhibitor of murine adipocyte differentiation and, subsequently, also of human adipocyte differentiation. TWEAK inhibited lipid deposition in a dose-dependent manner without causing cytotoxic effects. This inhibitory action was mimicked by an agonistic antibody of the TWEAK receptor. The TWEAK receptor (fibroblast growth factor inducible 14; CD266) was expressed on human primary preadipocytes and mature adipocytes. Knockdown of TWEAK receptor by short-hairpin RNA abolished the inhibitory effect of TWEAK on cell differentiation, demonstrating that the effects of TWEAK are mediated by its specific receptor. Inhibition of differentiation was the result of interference at an early step of transcriptional activation as assessed by decreased peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma, CCAAT enhancer-binding protein alpha (C/EBPalpha), and CCAAT enhancer-binding protein beta (C/EBPbeta) mRNA expression. In contrast to TNFalpha, basal and insulin-stimulated glucose uptake and lipolysis of terminally differentiated mature adipocytes and secretion of proinflammatory cytokines were not altered in the presence of TWEAK, and nuclear factor kappa B activity was only weakly induced. We conclude from our findings that TWEAK and the corresponding agonistic antibody have the potential to prevent adipose tissue growth without adversely influencing central metabolic pathways or proinflammatory cytokine secretion in adipose tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Tiller
- Else Kröner-Fresenius-Zentrum für Ernährungsmedizin, Technische Universität München, 85350 Freising, Germany
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Fowler JD, Johnson ND, Haroldson TA, Brintnall JA, Herrera JE, Katz SA, Bernlohr DA. Regulated renin release from 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2009; 296:E1383-91. [PMID: 19293336 PMCID: PMC2692391 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00025.2009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Whereas adipose tissue possesses a local renin-angiotensin system, the synthesis and regulated release of renin has not been addressed. To that end, we utilized differentiating 3T3-L1 cells and analyzed renin expression and secretion. Renin mRNA expression and protein enzymatic activity were not detectable in preadipocytes. However, upon differentiation, renin mRNA and both intracellular and extracellular renin activity were upregulated. In differentiated adipocytes, forskolin treatment resulted in a 28-fold increase in renin mRNA, whereas TNFalpha treatment decreased renin mRNA fourfold. IL-6, insulin, and angiotensin (Ang) II were without effect. In contrast, forskolin and TNFalpha each increased renin protein secretion 12- and sevenfold, respectively. Although both forskolin and TNFalpha induce lipolysis in adipocytes, fatty acids, prostaglandin E(2), and lipopolysaccharide had no effect on renin mRNA or secretion. To evaluate the mechanism(s) by which forskolin and/or TNFalpha are able to regulate renin secretion, a general lipase inhibitor (E600) and PKA inhibitor (H89) were used. Both inhibitors attenuated forskolin-induced renin release, whereas they had no effect on TNFalpha-regulated secretion. In contrast, E600 potentiated forskolin-stimulated renin mRNA levels, whereas H89 had no effect. Neither inhibitor had any influence on TNFalpha regulation of renin mRNA. Relative to lean controls, renin expression was reduced 78% in the epididymal adipose tissue of obese male C57Bl/6J mice, consistent with TNFalpha-mediated downregulation of renin mRNA in the culture system. In conclusion, the expression and secretion of renin are regulated under a complex series of hormonal and metabolic determinants in mature 3T3-L1 adipocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason D Fowler
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
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