1
|
Zhang Y, Xue J, Zhu W, Wang H, Xi P, Tian D. TRPV4 in adipose tissue ameliorates diet-induced obesity by promoting white adipocyte browning. Transl Res 2024; 266:16-31. [PMID: 37926276 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2023.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
The induction of adipocyte browning to increase energy expenditure is a promising strategy to combat obesity. Transient receptor potential channel V4 (TRPV4) functions as a nonselective cation channel in various cells and plays physiological roles in osmotic and thermal sensations. However, the function of TRPV4 in energy metabolism remains controversial. This study revealed the role of TRPV4 in adipose tissue in the development of obesity. Adipose-specific TRPV4 overexpression protected mice against diet-induced obesity (DIO) and promoted white fat browning. TRPV4 overexpression was also associated with decreased adipose inflammation and improved insulin sensitivity. Mechanistically, TRPV4 could directly promote white adipocyte browning via the AKT pathway. Consistently, adipose-specific TRPV4 knockout exacerbated DIO with impaired thermogenesis and activated inflammation. Corroborating our findings in mice, TRPV4 expression was low in the white adipose tissue of obese people. Our results positioned TRPV4 as a potential regulator of obesity and energy expenditure in mice and humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300203, China
| | - Jie Xue
- Department of Pathology, Handan Central Hospital, Handan, Hebei 057150, China
| | - Wenjuan Zhu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Third Hospital of Nanchang, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330008, China
| | - Haomin Wang
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Pengjiao Xi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300203, China.
| | - Derun Tian
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300203, China; Department of Human Anatomy and Histology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Lin X, Qu J, Yin L, Wang R, Wang X. Aerobic exercise-induced decrease of chemerin improved glucose and lipid metabolism and fatty liver of diabetes mice through key metabolism enzymes and proteins. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2023; 1868:159409. [PMID: 37871796 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2023.159409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Our previous studies have implicated an important role of adipokine chemerin in exercise-induced improvements of glycolipid metabolism and fatty liver in diabetes rat, but the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. This study first used an exogenous chemerin supplement to clarify the roles of decreased chemerin in exercised diabetes mice and possible mechanisms of glucose and lipid metabolism key enzymes and proteins [such as adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL), lipoprotein lipase (LPL), phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK), and glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4)]. In addition, two kinds of adipose-specific chemerin knockout mice were generated to demonstrate the regulation of chemerin on glucose and lipid metabolism enzymes and proteins. We found that in diabetes mice, exercise-induced improvements of glucose and lipid metabolism and fatty liver, and exercise-induced increases of ATGL, LPL, and GLUT4 in liver, gastrocnemius and fat were reversed by exogenous chemerin. Furthermore, in chemerin knockdown mice, chemerin(-/-)∙adiponectin mice had lower body fat mass, improved blood glucose and lipid, and no fatty liver; while chemerin(-/-)∙fabp4 mice had hyperlipemia and unchanged body fat mass. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ), ATGL, LPL, GLUT4 and PEPCK in the liver and gastrocnemius had improve changes in chemerin(-/-)·adiponectin mice while deteriorated alterations in chemerin(-/-)·fabp4 mice, although PPARγ, ATGL, LPL, and GLUT4 increased in the fat of two kinds of chemerin(-/-) mice. CONCLUSIONS: Decreased chemerin exerts an important role in exercise-induced improvements of glucose and lipid metabolism and fatty liver in diabetes mice, which was likely to be through PPARγ mediating elevations of ATGL, LPL and GLUT4 in peripheral metabolic organs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojing Lin
- School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Jing Qu
- School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Lijun Yin
- School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Ru Wang
- School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China.
| | - Xiaohui Wang
- School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ortiz-Silva M, Leonardi BF, Castro É, Peixoto ÁS, Gilio GR, Oliveira TE, Tomazelli CA, Andrade ML, Moreno MF, Belchior T, Magdalon J, Vieira TS, Donado-Pestana CM, Festuccia WT. Chloroquine attenuates diet-induced obesity and glucose intolerance through a mechanism that might involve FGF-21, but not UCP-1-mediated thermogenesis and inhibition of adipocyte autophagy. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2023; 578:112074. [PMID: 37742789 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2023.112074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Chloroquine diphosphate (CQ), a weak base used to inhibit autophagic flux and treat malaria and rheumatoid diseases, has been shown, through unknown mechanisms, to improve glucose and lipid homeostasis in patients and rodents. We investigate herein the molecular mechanisms underlying these CQ beneficial metabolic actions in diet-induced obese mice. For this, C57BL6/J mice fed with either a chow or a high-fat diet (HFD) and uncoupling protein 1 (UCP-1) KO and adipocyte Atg7-deficient mice fed with a HFD were treated or not with CQ (60 mg/kg of body weight/day) during 8 weeks and evaluated for body weight, adiposity, glucose homeostasis and brown and white adipose tissues (BAT and WAT) UCP-1 content. CQ reduced body weight gain and adipose tissue and liver masses in mice fed with a HFD, without altering food intake, oxygen consumption, respiratory exchange ratio, spontaneous motor activity and feces caloric content. CQ attenuated the insulin intolerance, hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, hypertriglyceridemia and hypercholesterolemia induced by HFD intake, such effects that were associated with increases in serum and liver fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF-21) and BAT and WAT UCP-1 content. Interestingly, CQ beneficial metabolic actions of reducing body weight and adiposity and improving glucose homeostasis were preserved in HFD-fed UCP-1 KO and adipocyte Atg7 deficient mice. CQ reduces body weight gain and adiposity and improves glucose homeostasis in diet-induced obese mice through mechanisms that might involve FGF-21, but not UCP1-mediated nonshivering thermogenesis or inhibition of adipocyte autophagy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Milene Ortiz-Silva
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Av. Prof Lineu Prestes 1524, Sao Paulo, 05508000, Brazil
| | - Bianca F Leonardi
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Av. Prof Lineu Prestes 1524, Sao Paulo, 05508000, Brazil
| | - Érique Castro
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Av. Prof Lineu Prestes 1524, Sao Paulo, 05508000, Brazil
| | - Álbert S Peixoto
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Av. Prof Lineu Prestes 1524, Sao Paulo, 05508000, Brazil
| | - Gustavo R Gilio
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Av. Prof Lineu Prestes 1524, Sao Paulo, 05508000, Brazil
| | - Tiago E Oliveira
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Av. Prof Lineu Prestes 1524, Sao Paulo, 05508000, Brazil
| | - Caroline A Tomazelli
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Av. Prof Lineu Prestes 1524, Sao Paulo, 05508000, Brazil
| | - Maynara L Andrade
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Av. Prof Lineu Prestes 1524, Sao Paulo, 05508000, Brazil
| | - Mayara F Moreno
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Av. Prof Lineu Prestes 1524, Sao Paulo, 05508000, Brazil
| | - Thiago Belchior
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Av. Prof Lineu Prestes 1524, Sao Paulo, 05508000, Brazil
| | - Juliana Magdalon
- Faculdade Israelita de Ciências da Saúde Albert Einstein, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, Sao Paulo, SP, 05606300, Brazil
| | - Thayna S Vieira
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Av. Prof Lineu Prestes 1524, Sao Paulo, 05508000, Brazil
| | - Carlos M Donado-Pestana
- Departamento de Alimentos e Nutrição Experimental, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Av. Prof Lineu Prestes 580, Sao Paulo, SP, 05508000, Brazil; Food Research Center FoRC, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Av. Prof Lineu Prestes 580, Sao Paulo, SP, 05508000, Brazil
| | - William T Festuccia
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Av. Prof Lineu Prestes 1524, Sao Paulo, 05508000, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Baghdadi M, Nespital T, Mesaros A, Buschbaum S, Withers DJ, Grönke S, Partridge L. Reduced insulin signaling in neurons induces sex-specific health benefits. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eade8137. [PMID: 36812323 PMCID: PMC9946356 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.ade8137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Reduced activity of insulin/insulin-like growth factor signaling (IIS) extends health and life span in mammals. Loss of the insulin receptor substrate 1 (Irs1) gene increases survival in mice and causes tissue-specific changes in gene expression. However, the tissues underlying IIS-mediated longevity are currently unknown. Here, we measured survival and health span in mice lacking IRS1 specifically in liver, muscle, fat, and brain. Tissue-specific loss of IRS1 did not increase survival, suggesting that lack of IRS1 in more than one tissue is required for life-span extension. Loss of IRS1 in liver, muscle, and fat did not improve health. In contrast, loss of neuronal IRS1 increased energy expenditure, locomotion, and insulin sensitivity, specifically in old males. Neuronal loss of IRS1 also caused male-specific mitochondrial dysfunction, activation of Atf4, and metabolic adaptations consistent with an activated integrated stress response at old age. Thus, we identified a male-specific brain signature of aging in response to reduced IIS associated with improved health at old age.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Tobias Nespital
- Max-Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany
| | - Andrea Mesaros
- Max-Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Dominic J. Withers
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Medical Research Council London Institute of Medical Sciences, London, UK
| | | | - Linda Partridge
- Max-Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany
- Institute of Healthy Ageing and Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kocherlakota S, Swinkels D, Van Veldhoven PP, Baes M. Mouse Models to Study Peroxisomal Functions and Disorders: Overview, Caveats, and Recommendations. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2643:469-500. [PMID: 36952207 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3048-8_34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/27/2023]
Abstract
During the last three decades many mouse lines were created or identified that are deficient in one or more peroxisomal functions. Different methodologies were applied to obtain global, hypomorph, cell type selective, inducible, and knockin mice. Whereas some models closely mimic pathologies in patients, others strongly deviate or no human counterpart has been reported. Often, mice, apparently endowed with a stronger transcriptional adaptation, have to be challenged with dietary additions or restrictions in order to trigger phenotypic changes. Depending on the inactivated peroxisomal protein, several approaches can be taken to validate the loss-of-function. Here, an overview is given of the available mouse models and their most important characteristics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sai Kocherlakota
- Laboratory of Cell Metabolism, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Daniëlle Swinkels
- Laboratory of Cell Metabolism, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Paul P Van Veldhoven
- Laboratory of Peroxisome Biology and Intracellular Communication, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Myriam Baes
- Laboratory of Cell Metabolism, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Alharbi S. Exogenous administration of unacylated ghrelin attenuates hepatic steatosis in high-fat diet-fed rats by modulating glucose homeostasis, lipogenesis, oxidative stress, and endoplasmic reticulum stress. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 151:113095. [PMID: 35594708 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Low levels of unacylated ghrelin (UAG) and a higher ratio of acylated ghrelin (AG)/UAG in obesity are associated with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). This study tested the potential protective effect of increased circulatory levels of UAG by exogenous UAG administration on hepatic steatosis in high-fat diet (HFD)-fed rats and investigated some possible mechanisms. Rats were divided (n = 6/group) as low fat diet (LFD), LFD + UAG (200 mg/kg), HFD, HFD + UAG (50, 100, or 200 mg/kg). Treatments were given for 8 weeks. Increasing the dose of UAG increased circulatory levels of UAG and normalized the ratio of AG/UAG at the dose of 200 mg/kg. With no change in insulin levels, and in a dose-dependent manner, treatment with UAG to HFD rats attenuated the gain in food intake, body weights, and liver weights, lowered fasting glucose levels, prevented hepatic cytoplasmic vacuolization, and reduced serum and hepatic levels of cholesterol, triglycerides, and free fatty acids. They also progressively reduced levels of reactive oxygen species, lipid peroxides, tumor necrosis factor-α, and interleukin-6, as well as mRNA levels of Bax and caspase-3 but increased levels of glutathione and superoxide dismutase and mRNA levels of Bcl2. In concomitant, UAG, in a dose-response manner, significantly reduced hepatic mRNA levels of SREBP1, SREBP2, ATF-6, IRE-1, and eIF-2α but increased those of PPARα. In conclusion, reducing the circulatory ratio of AG/UAG ratio by exogenous administration of UAG attenuates HFD-induced hepatic steatosis by suppressing lipogenesis, stimulating FAs oxidation, preventing oxidative stress, inflammation, ER stress, and apoptosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samah Alharbi
- Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Campbell JE, Beaudry JL, Svendsen B, Baggio LL, Gordon AN, Ussher JR, Wong CK, Gribble FM, D’Alessio DA, Reimann F, Drucker DJ. GIPR Is Predominantly Localized to Nonadipocyte Cell Types Within White Adipose Tissue. Diabetes 2022; 71:1115-1127. [PMID: 35192688 PMCID: PMC7612781 DOI: 10.2337/db21-1166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The incretin hormone glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) augments glucose-dependent insulin secretion through its receptor expressed on islet β-cells. GIP also acts on adipose tissue; yet paradoxically, both enhanced and reduced GIP receptor (GIPR) signaling reduce adipose tissue mass and attenuate weight gain in response to nutrient excess. Moreover, the precise cellular localization of GIPR expression within white adipose tissue (WAT) remains uncertain. We used mouse genetics to target Gipr expression within adipocytes. Surprisingly, targeting Cre expression to adipocytes using the adiponectin (Adipoq) promoter did not produce meaningful reduction of WAT Gipr expression in Adipoq-Cre:Giprflx/flx mice. In contrast, adenoviral expression of Cre under the control of the cytomegalovirus promoter, or transgenic expression of Cre using nonadipocyte-selective promoters (Ap2/Fabp4 and Ubc) markedly attenuated WAT Gipr expression. Analysis of single-nucleus RNA-sequencing, adipose tissue data sets localized Gipr/GIPR expression predominantly to pericytes and mesothelial cells rather than to adipocytes. Together, these observations reveal that adipocytes are not the major GIPR+ cell type within WAT-findings with mechanistic implications for understanding how GIP and GIP-based co-agonists control adipose tissue biology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan E. Campbell
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mt. Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Duke University, Durham, NC
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC
- Corresponding authors: Jonathan E. Campbell, , or Daniel J. Drucker,
| | - Jacqueline L. Beaudry
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mt. Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Berit Svendsen
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC
| | - Laurie L. Baggio
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mt. Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Andrew N. Gordon
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC
| | - John R. Ussher
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mt. Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Chi Kin Wong
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mt. Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Fiona M. Gribble
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, U.K
| | - David A. D’Alessio
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Duke University, Durham, NC
| | - Frank Reimann
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, U.K
| | - Daniel J. Drucker
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mt. Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Corresponding authors: Jonathan E. Campbell, , or Daniel J. Drucker,
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Qian Y, Berryman DE, Basu R, List EO, Okada S, Young JA, Jensen EA, Bell SRC, Kulkarni P, Duran-Ortiz S, Mora-Criollo P, Mathes SC, Brittain AL, Buchman M, Davis E, Funk KR, Bogart J, Ibarra D, Mendez-Gibson I, Slyby J, Terry J, Kopchick JJ. Mice with gene alterations in the GH and IGF family. Pituitary 2022; 25:1-51. [PMID: 34797529 PMCID: PMC8603657 DOI: 10.1007/s11102-021-01191-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Much of our understanding of GH's action stems from animal models and the generation and characterization of genetically altered or modified mice. Manipulation of genes in the GH/IGF1 family in animals started in 1982 when the first GH transgenic mice were produced. Since then, multiple laboratories have altered mouse DNA to globally disrupt Gh, Ghr, and other genes upstream or downstream of GH or its receptor. The ability to stay current with the various genetically manipulated mouse lines within the realm of GH/IGF1 research has been daunting. As such, this review attempts to consolidate and summarize the literature related to the initial characterization of many of the known gene-manipulated mice relating to the actions of GH, PRL and IGF1. We have organized the mouse lines by modifications made to constituents of the GH/IGF1 family either upstream or downstream of GHR or to the GHR itself. Available data on the effect of altered gene expression on growth, GH/IGF1 levels, body composition, reproduction, diabetes, metabolism, cancer, and aging are summarized. For the ease of finding this information, key words are highlighted in bold throughout the main text for each mouse line and this information is summarized in Tables 1, 2, 3 and 4. Most importantly, the collective data derived from and reported for these mice have enhanced our understanding of GH action.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanrong Qian
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
| | - Darlene E Berryman
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
| | - Reetobrata Basu
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
| | - Edward O List
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
| | - Shigeru Okada
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
| | - Jonathan A Young
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Jensen
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
- Translational Biomedical Sciences Doctoral Program, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
| | - Stephen R C Bell
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
| | - Prateek Kulkarni
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
| | | | - Patricia Mora-Criollo
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
- Translational Biomedical Sciences Doctoral Program, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
| | - Samuel C Mathes
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
| | - Alison L Brittain
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
| | - Mat Buchman
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
| | - Emily Davis
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
| | - Kevin R Funk
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
| | - Jolie Bogart
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
| | - Diego Ibarra
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
| | - Isaac Mendez-Gibson
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
- College of Health Sciences and Professions, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
| | - Julie Slyby
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
| | - Joseph Terry
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
| | - John J Kopchick
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Keipert S, Ost M. Stress-induced FGF21 and GDF15 in obesity and obesity resistance. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2021; 32:904-915. [PMID: 34526227 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2021.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) and growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) are established as stress-responsive cytokines that can modulate energy balance by increasing energy expenditure or suppressing food intake, respectively. Despite their pharmacologically induced beneficial effects on obesity and comorbidities, circulating levels of both cytokines are elevated during obesity and related metabolic complications. On the other hand, endocrine crosstalk via FGF21 and GDF15 was also reported to play a crucial role in genetically modified mouse models of mitochondrial perturbations leading to diet-induced obesity (DIO) resistance. This review aims to dissect the complexities of endogenous FGF21 and GDF15 action in obesity versus DIO resistance for the regulation of energy balance in metabolic health and disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Keipert
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Mario Ost
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Castro É, Vieira TS, Oliveira TE, Ortiz-Silva M, Andrade ML, Tomazelli CA, Peixoto AS, Sobrinho CR, Moreno MF, Gilio GR, Moreira RJ, Guimarães RC, Perandini LA, Chimin P, Reckziegel P, Moretti EH, Steiner AA, Laplante M, Festuccia WT. Adipocyte-specific mTORC2 deficiency impairs BAT and iWAT thermogenic capacity without affecting glucose uptake and energy expenditure in cold-acclimated mice. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2021; 321:E592-E605. [PMID: 34541875 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00587.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Deletion of mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 2 (mTORC2) essential component rapamycin insensitive companion of mTOR (Rictor) by a Cre recombinase under control of the broad, nonadipocyte-specific aP2/FABP4 promoter impairs thermoregulation and brown adipose tissue (BAT) glucose uptake on acute cold exposure. We investigated herein whether adipocyte-specific mTORC2 deficiency affects BAT and inguinal white adipose tissue (iWAT) signaling, metabolism, and thermogenesis in cold-acclimated mice. For this, 8-wk-old male mice bearing Rictor deletion and therefore mTORC2 deficiency in adipocytes (adiponectin-Cre) and littermates controls were either kept at thermoneutrality (30 ± 1°C) or cold-acclimated (10 ± 1°C) for 14 days and evaluated for BAT and iWAT signaling, metabolism, and thermogenesis. Cold acclimation inhibited mTORC2 in BAT and iWAT, but its residual activity is still required for the cold-induced increases in BAT adipocyte number, total UCP-1 content and mRNA levels of proliferation markers Ki67 and cyclin 1 D, and de novo lipogenesis enzymes ATP-citrate lyase and acetyl-CoA carboxylase. In iWAT, mTORC2 residual activity is partially required for the cold-induced increases in multilocular adipocytes, mitochondrial mass, and uncoupling protein 1 (UCP-1) content. Conversely, BAT mTORC1 activity and BAT and iWAT glucose uptake were upregulated by cold independently of mTORC2. Noteworthy, the impairment in BAT and iWAT total UCP-1 content and thermogenic capacity induced by adipocyte mTORC2 deficiency had no major impact on whole body energy expenditure in cold-acclimated mice due to a compensatory activation of muscle shivering. In conclusion, adipocyte mTORC2 deficiency impairs, through different mechanisms, BAT and iWAT total UCP-1 content and thermogenic capacity in cold-acclimated mice, without affecting glucose uptake and whole body energy expenditure.NEW & NOTEWORTHY BAT and iWAT mTORC2 is inhibited by cold acclimation, but its residual activity is required for cold-induced increases in total UCP-1 content and thermogenic capacity, but not glucose uptake and mTORC1 activity. The impaired BAT and iWAT total UCP-1 content and thermogenic capacity induced by adipocyte mTORC2 deficiency are compensated by activation of muscle shivering in cold-acclimated mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Érique Castro
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Thayna S Vieira
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tiago E Oliveira
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Milene Ortiz-Silva
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maynara L Andrade
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Caroline A Tomazelli
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Albert S Peixoto
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cleyton R Sobrinho
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mayara F Moreno
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gustavo R Gilio
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rafael J Moreira
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Raphael C Guimarães
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luiz A Perandini
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Patricia Chimin
- Department of Physical Education, Physical Education and Sports Center, Londrina State University, Parana, Brazil
| | - Patricia Reckziegel
- Department of Pharmacology, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eduardo H Moretti
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alexandre A Steiner
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mathieu Laplante
- Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Quebec, Université Laval, Quebec, Quebec, Canada
- Centre de recherche sur le cancer de l'Université Laval, Université Laval, Québec, Quebec, Canada
| | - William T Festuccia
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Su H, Liu N, Zhang Y, Kong J. Vitamin D/VDR regulates peripheral energy homeostasis via central renin-angiotensin system. J Adv Res 2021; 33:69-80. [PMID: 34603779 PMCID: PMC8463910 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2021.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Some epidemiological studies have revealed that vitamin D (VD) deficiency is closely linked with the prevalence of obesity, however, the role of VD in energy homeostasis is yet to be investigated, especially in central nervous system. Given that VD negatively regulates renin in adipose tissue, we hypothesized that central VD might play a potential role in energy homeostasis. Objectives The present study aims to investigate the potential role of VD in energy homeostasis in the CNS and elaborate its underlying mechanisms. Methods This study was conducted in Cyp27b1−/− mice, VD-treated and wild-type mice. After the intraventricular injection of renin or its inhibitors, the changes of renin-angiotensin system (RAS) and its down-stream pathway as well as their effects on metabolic rate were examined. Results The RAS activity was enhanced in Cyp27b1−/− mice, exhibiting a increased metabolic rate. Additionally, corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), a RAS-mediated protein regulating energy metabolism in the hypothalamus, increased significantly in Cyp27b1−/− mice. While in VD-treated group, the RAS and sympathetic nerve activities were slightly inhibited, hence the reduced metabolic rate. Conclusion Collectively, the present study demonstrates that the VD/vitamin D receptor (VDR) has a significant impact on energy homeostasis through the modulation of RAS activity in the hypothalamus, subsequently altering CRH expression and sympathetic nervous activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Han Su
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ning Liu
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yalin Zhang
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Juan Kong
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Ibáñez CF. Regulation of metabolic homeostasis by the TGF-β superfamily receptor ALK7. FEBS J 2021; 289:5776-5797. [PMID: 34173336 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
ALK7 (Activin receptor-like kinase 7) is a member of the TGF-β receptor superfamily predominantly expressed by cells and tissues involved in endocrine functions, such as neurons of the hypothalamus and pituitary, pancreatic β-cells and adipocytes. Recent studies have begun to delineate the processes regulated by ALK7 in these tissues and how these become integrated with the homeostatic regulation of mammalian metabolism. The picture emerging indicates that ALK7's primary function in metabolic regulation is to limit catabolic activities and preserve energy. Aside of the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus, the function of ALK7 elsewhere in the brain, particularly in the cerebellum, where it is abundantly expressed, remains to be elucidated. Although our understanding of the basic molecular events underlying ALK7 signaling has benefited from the vast knowledge available on TGF-β receptor mechanisms, how these connect to the physiological functions regulated by ALK7 in different cell types is still incompletely understood. Findings of missense and nonsense variants in the Acvr1c gene, encoding ALK7, of some mouse strains and human subjects indicate a tolerance to ALK7 loss of function. Recent discoveries suggest that specific inhibitors of ALK7 may have therapeutic applications in obesity and metabolic syndrome without overt adverse effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos F Ibáñez
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.,Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking University School of Life Sciences and Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, China.,Department of Physiology and Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Finger A, Kramer A. Mammalian circadian systems: Organization and modern life challenges. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2021; 231:e13548. [PMID: 32846050 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Humans and other mammalian species possess an endogenous circadian clock system that has evolved in adaptation to periodically reoccurring environmental changes and drives rhythmic biological functions, as well as behavioural outputs with an approximately 24-hour period. In mammals, body clocks are hierarchically organized, encompassing a so-called pacemaker clock in the hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), non-SCN brain and peripheral clocks, as well as cell-autonomous oscillators within virtually every cell type. A functional clock machinery on the molecular level, alignment among body clocks, as well as synchronization between endogenous circadian and exogenous environmental cycles has been shown to be crucial for our health and well-being. Yet, modern life constantly poses widespread challenges to our internal clocks, for example artificial lighting, shift work and trans-meridian travel, potentially leading to circadian disruption or misalignment and the emergence of associated diseases. For instance many of us experience a mismatch between sleep timing on work and free days (social jetlag) in our everyday lives without being aware of health consequences that may arise from such chronic circadian misalignment, Hence, this review provides an overview of the organization and molecular built-up of the mammalian circadian system, its interactions with the outside world, as well as pathologies arising from circadian disruption and misalignment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna‐Marie Finger
- Laboratory of Chronobiology Institute for Medical immunology Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin Berlin Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH) Berlin Germany
| | - Achim Kramer
- Laboratory of Chronobiology Institute for Medical immunology Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin Berlin Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH) Berlin Germany
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Li YZ, Di Cristofano A, Woo M. Metabolic Role of PTEN in Insulin Signaling and Resistance. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2020; 10:a036137. [PMID: 31964643 PMCID: PMC7397839 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a036137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) is most prominently known for its function in tumorigenesis. However, a metabolic role of PTEN is emerging as a result of its altered expression in type 2 diabetes (T2D), which results in impaired insulin signaling and promotion of insulin resistance during the pathogenesis of T2D. PTEN functions in regulating insulin signaling across different organs have been identified. Through the use of a variety of models, such as tissue-specific knockout (KO) mice and in vitro cell cultures, PTEN's role in regulating insulin action has been elucidated across many cell types. Herein, we will review the recent advancements in the understanding of PTEN's metabolic functions in each of the tissues and cell types that contribute to regulating systemic insulin sensitivity and discuss how PTEN may represent a promising therapeutic strategy for treatment or prevention of T2D.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhe Li
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario M5G 2C4, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 2M9, Canada
| | - Antonio Di Cristofano
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology and Medicine (Oncology), Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Albert Einstein Cancer Center, Bronx, New York 10461, USA
| | - Minna Woo
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario M5G 2C4, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 2M9, Canada
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 2M9, Canada
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University Health Network/Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 2C4, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Chan CC, Damen MSMA, Moreno-Fernandez ME, Stankiewicz TE, Cappelletti M, Alarcon PC, Oates JR, Doll JR, Mukherjee R, Chen X, Karns R, Weirauch MT, Helmrath MA, Inge TH, Divanovic S. Type I interferon sensing unlocks dormant adipocyte inflammatory potential. Nat Commun 2020; 11:2745. [PMID: 32488081 PMCID: PMC7265526 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-16571-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
White adipose tissue inflammation, in part via myeloid cell contribution, is central to obesity pathogenesis. Mechanisms regulating adipocyte inflammatory potential and consequent impact of such inflammation in disease pathogenesis remain poorly defined. We show that activation of the type I interferon (IFN)/IFNα receptor (IFNAR) axis amplifies adipocyte inflammatory vigor and uncovers dormant gene expression patterns resembling inflammatory myeloid cells. IFNβ-sensing promotes adipocyte glycolysis, while glycolysis inhibition impeded IFNβ-driven intra-adipocyte inflammation. Obesity-driven induction of the type I IFN axis and activation of adipocyte IFNAR signaling contributes to obesity-associated pathogenesis in mice. Notably, IFNβ effects are conserved in human adipocytes and detection of the type I IFN/IFNAR axis-associated signatures positively correlates with obesity-driven metabolic derangements in humans. Collectively, our findings reveal a capacity for the type I IFN/IFNAR axis to regulate unifying inflammatory features in both myeloid cells and adipocytes and hint at an underappreciated contribution of adipocyte inflammation in disease pathogenesis. White adipose inflammation can occur in obesity and is at least in part mediated by inflammatory immune cells. Here the authors show that the Type I Interferon/Interferon alpha-beta receptor axis promotes an inflammatory, glycolysis associated adipocyte phenotype.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Calvin C Chan
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and the University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45220, USA.,Immunology Graduate Program, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and the University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45220, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45220, USA
| | - Michelle S M A Damen
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45220, USA.,Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Maria E Moreno-Fernandez
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45220, USA.,Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Traci E Stankiewicz
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45220, USA.,Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Monica Cappelletti
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45220, USA.,Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA.,Divisions of Neonatology and Developmental Biology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Mattel Children's Hospital UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Pablo C Alarcon
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and the University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45220, USA.,Immunology Graduate Program, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and the University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45220, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45220, USA
| | - Jarren R Oates
- Immunology Graduate Program, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and the University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45220, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45220, USA
| | - Jessica R Doll
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45220, USA.,Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Rajib Mukherjee
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45220, USA.,Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Xiaoting Chen
- The Center for Autoimmune Genomics and Etiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Rebekah Karns
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45220, USA.,Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Matthew T Weirauch
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45220, USA.,The Center for Autoimmune Genomics and Etiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA.,Division of Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA.,Divsion of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Michael A Helmrath
- Division of Pediatric General and Thoracic Surgery, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA.,Center for Stem Cell & Organoid Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Thomas H Inge
- Department of Surgery, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Senad Divanovic
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and the University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45220, USA. .,Immunology Graduate Program, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and the University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45220, USA. .,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45220, USA. .,Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA. .,Center for Inflammation and Tolerance, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Samms RJ, Coghlan MP, Sloop KW. How May GIP Enhance the Therapeutic Efficacy of GLP-1? Trends Endocrinol Metab 2020; 31:410-421. [PMID: 32396843 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2020.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 184] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Revised: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists improve glucose homeostasis, reduce bodyweight, and over time benefit cardiovascular health in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, dose-related gastrointestinal effects limit efficacy, and therefore agents possessing GLP-1 pharmacology that can also target alternative pathways may expand the therapeutic index. One approach is to engineer GLP-1 activity into the sequence of glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP). Although the therapeutic implications of the lipogenic actions of GIP are debated, its ability to improve lipid and glucose metabolism is especially evident when paired with the anorexigenic mechanism of GLP-1. We review the complexity of GIP in regulating adipose tissue function and energy balance in the context of recent findings in T2DM showing that dual GIP/GLP-1 receptor agonist therapy produces profound weight loss, glycemic control, and lipid lowering.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo J Samms
- Diabetes and Complications, Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Matthew P Coghlan
- Diabetes and Complications, Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Kyle W Sloop
- Diabetes and Complications, Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Winn NC, Volk KM, Hasty AH. Regulation of tissue iron homeostasis: the macrophage "ferrostat". JCI Insight 2020; 5:132964. [PMID: 31996481 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.132964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Iron is an essential element for multiple fundamental biological processes required for life; yet iron overload can be cytotoxic. Consequently, iron concentrations at the cellular and tissue level must be exquisitely governed by mechanisms that complement and fine-tune systemic control. It is well appreciated that macrophages are vital for systemic iron homeostasis, supplying or sequestering iron as needed for erythropoiesis or bacteriostasis, respectively. Indeed, recycling of iron through erythrophagocytosis by splenic macrophages is a major contributor to systemic iron homeostasis. However, accumulating evidence suggests that tissue-resident macrophages regulate local iron availability and modulate the tissue microenvironment, contributing to cellular and tissue function. Here, we summarize the significance of tissue-specific regulation of iron availability and highlight how resident macrophages are critical for this process. This tissue-dependent regulation has broad implications for understanding both resident macrophage function and tissue iron homeostasis in health and disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nathan C Winn
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Katrina M Volk
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Alyssa H Hasty
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.,VA Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Cai J, Pires KM, Ferhat M, Chaurasia B, Buffolo MA, Smalling R, Sargsyan A, Atkinson DL, Summers SA, Graham TE, Boudina S. Autophagy Ablation in Adipocytes Induces Insulin Resistance and Reveals Roles for Lipid Peroxide and Nrf2 Signaling in Adipose-Liver Crosstalk. Cell Rep 2019; 25:1708-1717.e5. [PMID: 30428342 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.10.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Revised: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a homeostatic cellular process involved in the degradation of long-lived or damaged cellular components. The role of autophagy in adipogenesis is well recognized, but its role in mature adipocyte function is largely unknown. We show that the autophagy proteins Atg3 and Atg16L1 are required for proper mitochondrial function in mature adipocytes. In contrast to previous studies, we found that post-developmental ablation of autophagy causes peripheral insulin resistance independently of diet or adiposity. Finally, lack of adipocyte autophagy reveals cross talk between fat and liver, mediated by lipid peroxide-induced Nrf2 signaling. Our data reveal a role for autophagy in preventing lipid peroxide formation and its transfer in insulin-sensitive peripheral tissues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinjin Cai
- Division of Endocrinology Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Karla M Pires
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah College of Health and Program in Molecular Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Maroua Ferhat
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah College of Health and Program in Molecular Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Bhagirath Chaurasia
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah College of Health and Program in Molecular Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Márcio A Buffolo
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah College of Health and Program in Molecular Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Rana Smalling
- Division of Endocrinology Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Ashot Sargsyan
- Division of Endocrinology Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Donald L Atkinson
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah College of Health and Program in Molecular Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Scott A Summers
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah College of Health and Program in Molecular Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Timothy E Graham
- Division of Endocrinology Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; Progenitor Life Sciences, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA.
| | - Sihem Boudina
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah College of Health and Program in Molecular Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Wu D, Huang Q, Orban PC, Levings MK. Ectopic germline recombination activity of the widely used Foxp3-YFP-Cre mouse: a case report. Immunology 2019; 159:231-241. [PMID: 31713233 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Revised: 11/03/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulatory T (Treg) cell-specific deletion of a gene of interest is a procedure widely used to study mechanisms controlling Treg development, homeostasis and function. Accordingly, several transgenic mouse lines have been generated that bear the Cre recombinase under control of the Foxp3 promoter either as a random transgene insertion or knocked into the endogenous Foxp3 locus, with the Foxp3YFP-Cre strain of mice being one of the most widely used. In an attempt to generate Treg cells that lacked expression of the insulin receptor (Insr), we crossed Foxp3YFP-Cre mice with Insrfl/fl mice. Using a conventional two-band PCR genotyping method we found that offspring genotypes did not correspond to the expected Mendelian ratios. We therefore developed a quantitative PCR-based genotyping method to investigate possible ectopic recombination outside the Treg lineage. With this method we found that ~50% of the F1 -generation mice showed evidence of ectopic recombination and that ~10% of the F2 -generation mice had germline Cre recombination activity leading to a high frequency of offspring with global Insr deletion. Use of the quantitative PCR genotyping method enabled accurate selection of mice without ectopic recombination and only the desired Treg cell-specific Insr deletion. Our data highlight the need to use genotyping methods that allow for assessment of possible ectopic recombination driven by the Foxp3YFP-Cre allele, particularly when studying genes that are systemically expressed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dan Wu
- Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Qing Huang
- Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Paul C Orban
- Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Megan K Levings
- Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
mTOR signaling in Brown and Beige adipocytes: implications for thermogenesis and obesity. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2019; 16:74. [PMID: 31708995 PMCID: PMC6836431 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-019-0404-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Brown and beige adipocytes are mainly responsible for nonshivering thermogenesis or heat production, despite the fact that they have distinguished features in distribution, developmental origin, and functional activation. As a nutrient sensor and critical regulator of energy metabolism, mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) also plays an important role in the development and functional maintenance of adipocytes. While the recent studies support the notion that mTOR (mTORC1 and mTORC2) related signaling pathways are of great significance for thermogenesis and the development of brown and beige adipocytes, the exact roles of mTOR in heat production are controversial. The similarities and disparities in terms of thermogenesis might be ascribed to the use of different animal models and experimental systems, distinct features of brown and beige adipocytes, and the complexity of regulatory networks of mTORC1 and mTORC2 in energy metabolism.
Collapse
|
21
|
Chan CC, Damen MSMA, Alarcon PC, Sanchez-Gurmaches J, Divanovic S. Inflammation and Immunity: From an Adipocyte's Perspective. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2019; 39:459-471. [PMID: 30920343 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2019.0014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Comprehension of adipocyte function has evolved beyond a long-held belief of their inert nature, as simple energy storing and releasing cells. Adipocytes, including white, brown, and beige, are capable mediators of global metabolic health, but their intersection with inflammation is a budding field of exploration. Evidence hints at a reciprocal relationship adipocytes share with immune cells. Adipocyte's capacity to behave in an "immune-like" manner and ability to sense inflammatory cues that subsequently alter core adipocyte function might play an important role in shaping immune responses. Clarifying this intricate relationship could uncover previously underappreciated contribution of adipocytes to inflammation-driven human health and disease. In this review, we highlight the potential of largely underappreciated adipocyte "immune-like" function and how it may contribute to inflammation, immunity, and pathology of various diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Calvin C Chan
- 1Medical Scientist Training Program, Immunology Graduate Program, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio.,2Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio.,3Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Michelle S M A Damen
- 2Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio.,3Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Pablo C Alarcon
- 1Medical Scientist Training Program, Immunology Graduate Program, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio.,2Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio.,3Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Joan Sanchez-Gurmaches
- 2Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio.,4Division of Endocrinology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio.,5Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Senad Divanovic
- 1Medical Scientist Training Program, Immunology Graduate Program, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio.,2Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio.,3Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio.,6Division of Center for Inflammation and Tolerance, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
List EO, Berryman DE, Buchman M, Parker C, Funk K, Bell S, Duran-Ortiz S, Qian Y, Young JA, Wilson C, Slyby J, McKenna S, Jensen EA, Kopchick JJ. Adipocyte-Specific GH Receptor-Null (AdGHRKO) Mice Have Enhanced Insulin Sensitivity With Reduced Liver Triglycerides. Endocrinology 2019; 160:68-80. [PMID: 30462209 PMCID: PMC6304108 DOI: 10.1210/en.2018-00850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Global GH receptor-null or knockout (GHRKO) mice have been extensively studied owing to their unique phenotype (dwarf and obese but remarkably insulin sensitive and long-lived). To better understand the influence of adipose tissue (AT) on the GHRKO phenotype, we previously generated fat-specific GHRKO (FaGHRKO) mice using the adipocyte protein-2 (aP2) promoter driving Cre expression. Unlike global GHRKO mice, FaGHRKO mice are larger than control mice and have an increase in white AT (WAT) mass and adipocyte size as well as an increase in brown AT mass. FaGHRKO mice also have an unexpected increase in IGF-1, decrease in adiponectin, no change in insulin sensitivity or liver triglyceride content, and a decreased lifespan. Extensive analysis of the aP2 promoter/enhancer by multiple laboratories has revealed expression in nonadipose tissues, confounding interpretation of results. In the current study, we used the adiponectin promoter/enhancer to drive Cre expression, which better targets mature adipocytes, and generated a new line of adipocyte-specific GHRKO (AdGHRKO) mice. AdGHRKO mice have an increase in adipocyte size and WAT depot mass in all depots except male perigonadal, a WAT accumulation pattern similar to FaGHRKO mice. Likewise, adiponectin levels and WAT fibrosis are decreased in both tissue-specific mouse lines. However, unlike FaGHRKO mice, AdGHRKO mice have no change in IGF-1 levels, improved glucose homeostasis, and reduced liver triglycerides. Thus, AdGHRKO mice should be valuable for future studies assessing the contribution of adipocyte GHR signaling in long-term health and lifespan.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Edward O List
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio
- Department of Specialty Medicine, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Athens, Ohio
- Correspondence: Edward O. List, PhD, Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, 218 Konneker Research Labs, 172 Watertower Drive, Athens, Ohio 45701. E-mail:
| | - Darlene E Berryman
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Athens, Ohio
| | - Mathew Buchman
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio
- College of Health Sciences and Professions, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio
| | - Caitlin Parker
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio
- College of Health Sciences and Professions, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio
| | - Kevin Funk
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio
| | - Stephen Bell
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Athens, Ohio
| | | | - Yanrong Qian
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio
| | | | - Cody Wilson
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio
| | - Julie Slyby
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio
| | | | | | - John J Kopchick
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Athens, Ohio
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Adipocyte OGT governs diet-induced hyperphagia and obesity. Nat Commun 2018; 9:5103. [PMID: 30504766 PMCID: PMC6269424 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-07461-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Palatable foods (fat and sweet) induce hyperphagia, and facilitate the development of obesity. Whether and how overnutrition increases appetite through the adipose-to-brain axis is unclear. O-linked beta-D-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) transferase (OGT) couples nutrient cues to O-GlcNAcylation of intracellular proteins at serine/threonine residues. Chronic dysregulation of O-GlcNAc signaling contributes to metabolic diseases. Here we show that adipocyte OGT is essential for high fat diet-induced hyperphagia, but is dispensable for baseline food intake. Adipocyte OGT stimulates hyperphagia by transcriptional activation of de novo lipid desaturation and accumulation of N-arachidonyl ethanolamine (AEA), an endogenous appetite-inducing cannabinoid (CB). Pharmacological manipulation of peripheral CB1 signaling regulates hyperphagia in an adipocyte OGT-dependent manner. These findings define adipocyte OGT as a fat sensor that regulates peripheral lipid signals, and uncover an unexpected adipose-to-brain axis to induce hyperphagia and obesity. Endocannabinoid signaling regulates food intake and is a potential therapeutic target for obesity. Here the authors show that adipocyte O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) is required for high fat diet-induced hyperphagia via transcriptional activation of de novo lipid desaturation and accumulation of an endogenous appetite-inducing cannabinoid.
Collapse
|
24
|
aP2-Cre Mediated Ablation of GHS-R Attenuates Adiposity and Improves Insulin Sensitivity during Aging. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19103002. [PMID: 30275401 PMCID: PMC6213105 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19103002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Revised: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Ghrelin via its receptor, the growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHS-R), increases food intake and adiposity. The tissue-specific functions of GHS-R in peripheral tissues are mostly unknown. We previously reported that while GHS-R expression is very low in white and brown fat of young mice, expression increases during aging. To investigate whether GHS-R has cell-autonomous effects in adipose tissues, we generated aP2-Cre-mediated GHS-R knockdown mice (aP2-Cre/Ghsrf/f). We studied young (5–6 months) and old (15–17 months) aP2-Cre/Ghsrf/f mice and their age-matched controls. Interestingly, young aP2-Cre/Ghsrf/f mice had normal body weight but reduced fat; old mice showed pronounced reductions of both body weight and body fat. Calorimetry analysis revealed that aP2-Cre/Ghsrf/f mice had normal food intake and locomotor activity at both young and old age; but intriguingly, while energy expenditure was normal at young age, it was significantly increased at old age. Both young and old aP2-Cre/Ghsrf/f mice exhibited improved insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance. Importantly, old aP2-Cre/Ghsrf/f mice maintained higher core body temperature at 4 °C, and showed higher expression of the thermogenic uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) gene. The ex vivo studies further demonstrated that GHS-R deficient white adipocytes from old mice exhibit increased glucose uptake and lipolysis, promoting lipid mobilization. Despite the fact that the in vivo phenotypes of aP2-Cre/Ghsrf/f mice may not be exclusively determined by GHS-R knockdown in adipose tissues, our data support that GHS-R has cell-autonomous effects in adipocytes. The anabolic effect of GHS-R in adipocytes is more pronounced in aging, which likely contributes to age-associated obesity and insulin resistance.
Collapse
|
25
|
Kineman RD, del Rio-Moreno M, Sarmento-Cabral A. 40 YEARS of IGF1: Understanding the tissue-specific roles of IGF1/IGF1R in regulating metabolism using the Cre/loxP system. J Mol Endocrinol 2018; 61:T187-T198. [PMID: 29743295 PMCID: PMC7721256 DOI: 10.1530/jme-18-0076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
It is clear that insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF1) is important in supporting growth and regulating metabolism. The IGF1 found in the circulation is primarily produced by the liver hepatocytes, but healthy mature hepatocytes do not express appreciable levels of the IGF1 receptor (IGF1R). Therefore, the metabolic actions of IGF1 are thought to be mediated via extra-hepatocyte actions. Given the structural and functional homology between IGF1/IGF1R and insulin receptor (INSR) signaling, and the fact that IGF1, IGF1R and INSR are expressed in most tissues of the body, it is difficult to separate out the tissue-specific contributions of IGF1/IGF1R in maintaining whole body metabolic function. To circumvent this problem, over the last 20 years, investigators have taken advantage of the Cre/loxP system to manipulate IGF1/IGF1R in a tissue-dependent, and more recently, an age-dependent fashion. These studies have revealed that IGF1/IGF1R can alter extra-hepatocyte function to regulate hormonal inputs to the liver and/or alter tissue-specific carbohydrate and lipid metabolism to alter nutrient flux to liver, where these actions are not mutually exclusive, but serve to integrate the function of all tissues to support the metabolic needs of the organism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rhonda D Kineman
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago,1819 W Polk St. M/C 646 Chicago, IL, 60612
- Research and Development Division, Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Suite 6215, MP 191, 820 S Damen Ave. Chicago, IL 60612
- Corresponding author: Rhonda D Kineman, . University of Illinois at Chicago, Medicine, 1819 W. Polk St., MC 640, Chicago, IL, USA 60612
| | - Mercedes del Rio-Moreno
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago,1819 W Polk St. M/C 646 Chicago, IL, 60612
| | - André Sarmento-Cabral
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago,1819 W Polk St. M/C 646 Chicago, IL, 60612
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Site-specific effects of apolipoprotein E expression on diet-induced obesity and white adipose tissue metabolic activation. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2018; 1864:471-480. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2017.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Revised: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
27
|
Lan T, Morgan DA, Rahmouni K, Sonoda J, Fu X, Burgess SC, Holland WL, Kliewer SA, Mangelsdorf DJ. FGF19, FGF21, and an FGFR1/β-Klotho-Activating Antibody Act on the Nervous System to Regulate Body Weight and Glycemia. Cell Metab 2017; 26:709-718.e3. [PMID: 28988823 PMCID: PMC5679468 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2017.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Revised: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Despite the different physiologic functions of FGF19 and FGF21 as hormonal regulators of fed and fasted metabolism, their pharmacologic administration causes similar increases in energy expenditure, weight loss, and enhanced insulin sensitivity in obese animals. Here, in genetic loss-of-function studies of the shared co-receptor β-Klotho, we show that these pharmacologic effects are mediated through a common, tissue-specific pathway. Surprisingly, FGF19 and FGF21 actions in liver and adipose tissue are not required for their longer-term weight loss and glycemic effects. In contrast, β-Klotho in neurons is essential for both FGF19 and FGF21 to cause weight loss and lower glucose and insulin levels. We further show an FGF21 mimetic antibody that activates the FGF receptor 1/β-Klotho complex also requires neuronal β-Klotho for its metabolic effects. These studies highlight the importance of the nervous system in mediating the beneficial weight loss and glycemic effects of endocrine FGF drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tian Lan
- Department of Pharmacology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Department of Molecular Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Donald A Morgan
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Kamal Rahmouni
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Junichiro Sonoda
- Molecular Biology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Xiaorong Fu
- Center for Human Nutrition, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Shawn C Burgess
- Department of Pharmacology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Center for Human Nutrition, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - William L Holland
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Steven A Kliewer
- Department of Pharmacology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Department of Molecular Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
| | - David J Mangelsdorf
- Department of Pharmacology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
E. Kypreos K, A. Karavia E, Constantinou C, Hatziri A, Kalogeropoulou C, Xepapadaki E, Zvintzou E. Apolipoprotein E in diet-induced obesity: a paradigm shift from conventional perception. J Biomed Res 2017; 32:183. [PMID: 29770778 PMCID: PMC6265402 DOI: 10.7555/jbr.32.20180007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Apolipoprotein E (APOE) is a major protein component of peripheral and brain lipoprotein transport systems. APOE in peripheral circulation does not cross blood brain barrier or blood cerebrospinal fluid barrier. As a result, peripheral APOE expression does not affect brain APOE levels and vice versa. Numerous epidemiological studies suggest a key role of peripherally expressed APOE in the development and progression of coronary heart disease while brain APOE has been associated with dementia and Alzheimer's disease. More recent studies, mainly in experimental mice, suggested a link between Apoe and morbid obesity. According to the latest findings, expression of human apolipoprotein E3 (APOE3) isoform in the brain of mice is associated with a potent inhibition of visceral white adipose tissue (WAT) mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation leading to significantly reduced substrate oxidation, increased fat accumulation and obesity. In contrast, hepatically expressed APOE3 is associated with a notable shift of substrate oxidation towards non-shivering thermogenesis in visceral WAT mitochondria, leading to resistance to obesity. These novel findings constitute a major paradigm shift from the widely accepted perception that APOE promotes obesity via receptor-mediated postprandial lipid delivery to WAT. Here, we provide a critical review of the latest facts on the role of APOE in morbid obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kyriakos E. Kypreos
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Patras Medical School, Rio Achaias, TK 26500, Greece
| | - Eleni A. Karavia
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Patras Medical School, Rio Achaias, TK 26500, Greece
| | - Caterina Constantinou
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Patras Medical School, Rio Achaias, TK 26500, Greece
| | - Aikaterini Hatziri
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Patras Medical School, Rio Achaias, TK 26500, Greece
| | | | - Eva Xepapadaki
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Patras Medical School, Rio Achaias, TK 26500, Greece
| | - Evangelia Zvintzou
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Patras Medical School, Rio Achaias, TK 26500, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Chen MZ, Chang JC, Zavala-Solorio J, Kates L, Thai M, Ogasawara A, Bai X, Flanagan S, Nunez V, Phamluong K, Ziai J, Newman R, Warming S, Kolumam G, Sonoda J. FGF21 mimetic antibody stimulates UCP1-independent brown fat thermogenesis via FGFR1/βKlotho complex in non-adipocytes. Mol Metab 2017; 6:1454-1467. [PMID: 29107292 PMCID: PMC5681280 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2017.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2017] [Revised: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 (FGF21) is a potent stimulator of brown fat thermogenesis that improves insulin sensitivity, ameliorates hepatosteatosis, and induces weight loss by engaging the receptor complex comprised of Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor 1 (FGFR1) and the requisite coreceptor βKlotho. Previously, recombinant antibody proteins that activate the FGFR1/βKlotho complex were proposed to act as an FGF21-mimetic; however, in vivo action of these engineered proteins has not been well studied. Methods We investigated the mechanism by which anti-FGFR1/βKlotho bispecific antibody (bFKB1) stimulates thermogenesis in UCP1-expressing brown adipocytes using genetically engineered mice. Anti-FGFR1 agonist antibody was also used to achieve brown adipose tissue restricted activation in transgenic mice. Results Studies with global Ucp1-deficient mice and adipose-specific Fgfr1 deficient mice demonstrated that bFKB1 acts on targets distal to adipocytes and indirectly stimulates brown adipose thermogenesis in a UCP1-independent manner. Using a newly developed transgenic system, we also show that brown adipose tissue restricted activation of a transgenic FGFR1 expressed under the control of Ucp1 promoter does not stimulate energy expenditure. Finally, consistent with its action as a FGF21 mimetic, bFBK1 suppresses intake of saccharin-containing food and alcohol containing water in mice. Conclusions Collectively, we propose that FGFR1/βKlotho targeted therapy indeed mimics the action of FGF21 in vivo and stimulates UCP1-independent brown fat thermogenesis through receptors outside of adipocytes and likely in the nervous system. Anti-FGFR1/βKlotho bispecific antibody stimulates energy expenditure in Ucp1-deficient mice. Anti-FGFR1/βKlotho bispecific antibody stimulates energy expenditure in adipocyte-selective Fgfr1-deficient mice. Brown adipocyte restricted activation of transgenic FGFR1 does not stimulate energy expenditure. Anti-FGFR1/βKlotho bispecific antibody mimics FGF21, inducing sweet and alcohol aversion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mark Z Chen
- Molecular Biology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Joshua C Chang
- Molecular Biology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Lance Kates
- Molecular Biology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Minh Thai
- Molecular Biology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Annie Ogasawara
- Biomedical Imaging, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Xiaobo Bai
- Molecular Biology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Sean Flanagan
- Pathology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Victor Nunez
- Pathology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - James Ziai
- Pathology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Robert Newman
- Molecular Biology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Søren Warming
- Molecular Biology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Ganesh Kolumam
- Molecular Biology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Junichiro Sonoda
- Molecular Biology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Richard JE, López-Ferreras L, Chanclón B, Eerola K, Micallef P, Skibicka KP, Wernstedt Asterholm I. CNS β 3-adrenergic receptor activation regulates feeding behavior, white fat browning, and body weight. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2017; 313:E344-E358. [PMID: 28588096 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00418.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Revised: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Pharmacological β3-adrenergic receptor (β3AR) activation leads to increased mitochondrial biogenesis and activity in white adipose tissue (WAT), a process commonly referred to as "browning", and transiently increased insulin release. These effects are associated with improved metabolic function and weight loss. It is assumed that this impact of β3AR agonists is mediated solely through activation of β3ARs in adipose tissue. However, β3ARs are also found in the brain, in areas such as the brain stem and the hypothalamus, which provide multisynaptic innervation to brown and white adipose depots. Thus, contrary to the current adipocentric view, the central nervous system (CNS) may also have the ability to regulate energy balance and metabolism through actions on central β3ARs. Therefore, this study aimed to elucidate whether CNS β3ARs can regulate browning of WAT and other aspects of metabolic regulation, such as food intake control and insulin release. We found that acute central injection of β3AR agonist potently reduced food intake, body weight, and increased hypothalamic neuronal activity in rats. Acute central β3AR stimulation was also accompanied by a transient increase in circulating insulin levels. Moreover, subchronic central β3AR agonist treatment led to a browning response in both inguinal (IWAT) and gonadal WAT (GWAT), along with reduced GWAT and increased BAT mass. In high-fat, high-sugar-fed rats, subchronic central β3AR stimulation reduced body weight, chow, lard, and sucrose water intake, in addition to increasing browning of IWAT and GWAT. Collectively, our results identify the brain as a new site of action for the anorexic and browning impact of β3AR activation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer E Richard
- Department of Physiology/Metabolic Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Sweden; and
| | - Lorena López-Ferreras
- Department of Physiology/Metabolic Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Sweden; and
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine in Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Belén Chanclón
- Department of Physiology/Metabolic Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Sweden; and
| | - Kim Eerola
- Department of Physiology/Metabolic Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Sweden; and
| | - Peter Micallef
- Department of Physiology/Metabolic Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Sweden; and
| | - Karolina P Skibicka
- Department of Physiology/Metabolic Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Sweden; and
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine in Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ingrid Wernstedt Asterholm
- Department of Physiology/Metabolic Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Sweden; and
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Adipose angiotensin II type 1 receptor-associated protein ameliorates metabolic disorders via promoting adipose tissue adipogenesis and browning. Eur J Cell Biol 2017; 96:567-578. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2017.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Revised: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
|
32
|
Merry TL, Kuhlow D, Laube B, Pöhlmann D, Pfeiffer AFH, Kahn CR, Ristow M, Zarse K. Impairment of insulin signalling in peripheral tissue fails to extend murine lifespan. Aging Cell 2017; 16:761-772. [PMID: 28544360 PMCID: PMC5506415 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Impaired insulin/IGF1 signalling has been shown to extend lifespan in model organisms ranging from yeast to mammals. Here we sought to determine the effect of targeted disruption of the insulin receptor (IR) in non‐neuronal tissues of adult mice on the lifespan. We induced hemizygous (PerIRKO+/−) or homozygous (PerIRKO−/−) disruption of the IR in peripheral tissue of 15‐weeks‐old mice using a tamoxifen‐inducible Cre transgenic mouse with only peripheral tissue expression, and subsequently monitored glucose metabolism, insulin signalling and spontaneous death rates over 4 years. Complete peripheral IR disruption resulted in a diabetic phenotype with increased blood glucose and plasma insulin levels in young mice. Although blood glucose levels returned to normal, and fat mass was reduced in aged PerIRKO−/− mice, their lifespan was reduced. By contrast, heterozygous disruption had no effect on lifespan. This was despite young male PerIRKO+/− mice showing reduced fat mass and mild increase in hepatic insulin sensitivity. In conflict with findings in metazoans like Caenorhabditis elegans and Drosophila melanogaster, our results suggest that heterozygous impairment of the insulin signalling limited to peripheral tissues of adult mice fails to extend lifespan despite increased systemic insulin sensitivity, while homozygous impairment shortens lifespan.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Troy L. Merry
- Energy Metabolism Laboratory; Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich-Schwerzenbach; Schwerzenbach, Zurich Switzerland
- School of Medical Sciences; University of Auckland; Auckland New Zealand
| | - Doreen Kuhlow
- Department of Human Nutrition; Friedrich Schiller-University; Jena Germany
- Department of Human Nutrition; German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke; Nuthetal Germany
| | - Beate Laube
- Energy Metabolism Laboratory; Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich-Schwerzenbach; Schwerzenbach, Zurich Switzerland
- Department of Human Nutrition; Friedrich Schiller-University; Jena Germany
| | - Doris Pöhlmann
- Energy Metabolism Laboratory; Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich-Schwerzenbach; Schwerzenbach, Zurich Switzerland
| | - Andreas F. H. Pfeiffer
- Department of Human Nutrition; German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke; Nuthetal Germany
- Medizinische Klinik für Endokrinologie; Diabetes und Ernährungsmedizin; Charité University Medicine Berlin; Berlin Germany
| | - C. Ronald Kahn
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism; Joslin Diabetes Center and Department of Medicine; Boston MA USA
| | - Michael Ristow
- Energy Metabolism Laboratory; Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich-Schwerzenbach; Schwerzenbach, Zurich Switzerland
- Department of Human Nutrition; Friedrich Schiller-University; Jena Germany
- Department of Human Nutrition; German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke; Nuthetal Germany
| | - Kim Zarse
- Energy Metabolism Laboratory; Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich-Schwerzenbach; Schwerzenbach, Zurich Switzerland
- Department of Human Nutrition; Friedrich Schiller-University; Jena Germany
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Cold-Inducible SIRT6 Regulates Thermogenesis of Brown and Beige Fat. Cell Rep 2017; 20:641-654. [DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.06.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2017] [Revised: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
|
34
|
Xiong X, Zhang C, Zhang Y, Fan R, Qian X, Dong XC. Fabp4-Cre-mediated Sirt6 deletion impairs adipose tissue function and metabolic homeostasis in mice. J Endocrinol 2017; 233:307-314. [PMID: 28385723 PMCID: PMC5502685 DOI: 10.1530/joe-17-0033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
SIRT6 is a member of sirtuin family of deacetylases involved in diverse processes including genome stability, metabolic homeostasis and anti-inflammation. However, its function in the adipose tissue is not well understood. To examine the metabolic function of SIRT6 in the adipose tissue, we generated two mouse models that are deficient in Sirt6 using the Cre-lox approach. Two commonly used Cre lines that are driven by either the mouse Fabp4 or Adipoq gene promoter were chosen for this study. The Sirt6-knockout mice generated by the Fabp4-Cre line (Sirt6f/f:Fabp4-Cre) had a significant increase in both body weight and fat mass and exhibited glucose intolerance and insulin resistance as compared with the control wild-type mice. At the molecular levels, the Sirt6f/f :Fabp4-Cre-knockout mice had increased expression of inflammatory genes including F4/80, TNFα, IL-6 and MCP-1 in both white and brown adipose tissues. Moreover, the knockout mice showed decreased expression of the adiponectin gene in the white adipose tissue and UCP1 in the brown adipose tissue, respectively. In contrast, the Sirt6 knockout mice generated by the Adipoq-Cre line (Sirt6f/f :Adipoq-Cre) only had modest insulin resistance. In conclusion, our data suggest that the function of SIRT6 in the Fabp4-Cre-expressing cells in addition to mature adipocytes plays a critical role in body weight maintenance and metabolic homeostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiwen Xiong
- Department of Forensic MedicineXinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Cuicui Zhang
- School of Basic Medical SciencesXinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyIndiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, USA
| | - Rui Fan
- School of Basic Medical SciencesXinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Xinlai Qian
- School of Basic Medical SciencesXinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - X Charlie Dong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyIndiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, USA
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Liu J, Xu Z, Wu W, Wang Y, Shan T. CreRecombinase Strains Used for the Study of Adipose Tissues and Adipocyte Progenitors. J Cell Physiol 2017; 232:2698-2703. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Liu
- College of Animal Sciences; Zhejiang University; The Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education; Zhejiang Provincial Laboratory of Feed and Animal Nutrition; Hangzhou Zhejiang China
| | - Ziye Xu
- College of Animal Sciences; Zhejiang University; The Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education; Zhejiang Provincial Laboratory of Feed and Animal Nutrition; Hangzhou Zhejiang China
| | - Weiche Wu
- College of Animal Sciences; Zhejiang University; The Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education; Zhejiang Provincial Laboratory of Feed and Animal Nutrition; Hangzhou Zhejiang China
| | - Yizhen Wang
- College of Animal Sciences; Zhejiang University; The Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education; Zhejiang Provincial Laboratory of Feed and Animal Nutrition; Hangzhou Zhejiang China
| | - Tizhong Shan
- College of Animal Sciences; Zhejiang University; The Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education; Zhejiang Provincial Laboratory of Feed and Animal Nutrition; Hangzhou Zhejiang China
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Evans TD, Sergin I, Zhang X, Razani B. Target acquired: Selective autophagy in cardiometabolic disease. Sci Signal 2017; 10:eaag2298. [PMID: 28246200 PMCID: PMC5451512 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aag2298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The accumulation of damaged or excess proteins and organelles is a defining feature of metabolic disease in nearly every tissue. Thus, a central challenge in maintaining metabolic homeostasis is the identification, sequestration, and degradation of these cellular components, including protein aggregates, mitochondria, peroxisomes, inflammasomes, and lipid droplets. A primary route through which this challenge is met is selective autophagy, the targeting of specific cellular cargo for autophagic compartmentalization and lysosomal degradation. In addition to its roles in degradation, selective autophagy is emerging as an integral component of inflammatory and metabolic signaling cascades. In this Review, we focus on emerging evidence and key questions about the role of selective autophagy in the cell biology and pathophysiology of metabolic diseases such as obesity, diabetes, atherosclerosis, and steatohepatitis. Essential players in these processes are the selective autophagy receptors, defined broadly as adapter proteins that both recognize cargo and target it to the autophagosome. Additional domains within these receptors may allow integration of information about autophagic flux with critical regulators of cellular metabolism and inflammation. Details regarding the precise receptors involved, such as p62 and NBR1, and their predominant interacting partners are just beginning to be defined. Overall, we anticipate that the continued study of selective autophagy will prove to be informative in understanding the pathogenesis of metabolic diseases and to provide previously unrecognized therapeutic targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Trent D Evans
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Ismail Sergin
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Xiangyu Zhang
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Babak Razani
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Labbé SM, Mouchiroud M, Caron A, Secco B, Freinkman E, Lamoureux G, Gélinas Y, Lecomte R, Bossé Y, Chimin P, Festuccia WT, Richard D, Laplante M. mTORC1 is Required for Brown Adipose Tissue Recruitment and Metabolic Adaptation to Cold. Sci Rep 2016; 6:37223. [PMID: 27876792 PMCID: PMC5120333 DOI: 10.1038/srep37223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2016] [Accepted: 10/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In response to cold, brown adipose tissue (BAT) increases its metabolic rate and expands its mass to produce heat required for survival, a process known as BAT recruitment. The mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) controls metabolism, cell growth and proliferation, but its role in regulating BAT recruitment in response to chronic cold stimulation is unknown. Here, we show that cold activates mTORC1 in BAT, an effect that depends on the sympathetic nervous system. Adipocyte-specific mTORC1 loss in mice completely blocks cold-induced BAT expansion and severely impairs mitochondrial biogenesis. Accordingly, mTORC1 loss reduces oxygen consumption and causes a severe defect in BAT oxidative metabolism upon cold exposure. Using in vivo metabolic imaging, metabolomics and transcriptomics, we show that mTORC1 deletion impairs glucose and lipid oxidation, an effect linked to a defect in tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle activity. These analyses also reveal a severe defect in nucleotide synthesis in the absence of mTORC1. Overall, these findings demonstrate an essential role for mTORC1 in the regulation of BAT recruitment and metabolism in response to cold.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien M Labbé
- Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec - Université Laval, 2725 chemin Sainte-Foy, Québec, QC, G1V 4G5, Canada.,Département de Médecine, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Mathilde Mouchiroud
- Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec - Université Laval, 2725 chemin Sainte-Foy, Québec, QC, G1V 4G5, Canada.,Département de Médecine, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Alexandre Caron
- Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec - Université Laval, 2725 chemin Sainte-Foy, Québec, QC, G1V 4G5, Canada.,Département de Médecine, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Blandine Secco
- Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec - Université Laval, 2725 chemin Sainte-Foy, Québec, QC, G1V 4G5, Canada.,Département de Médecine, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Elizaveta Freinkman
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, 9 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Guillaume Lamoureux
- Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec - Université Laval, 2725 chemin Sainte-Foy, Québec, QC, G1V 4G5, Canada.,Département de Médecine, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Yves Gélinas
- Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec - Université Laval, 2725 chemin Sainte-Foy, Québec, QC, G1V 4G5, Canada.,Département de Médecine, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Roger Lecomte
- Centre d'imagerie moléculaire de Sherbrooke (CIMS), Département de Médecine nucléaire et radiobiologie, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Yohan Bossé
- Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec - Université Laval, 2725 chemin Sainte-Foy, Québec, QC, G1V 4G5, Canada
| | - Patricia Chimin
- Department of Physiology &Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - William T Festuccia
- Department of Physiology &Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Denis Richard
- Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec - Université Laval, 2725 chemin Sainte-Foy, Québec, QC, G1V 4G5, Canada.,Département de Médecine, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Mathieu Laplante
- Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec - Université Laval, 2725 chemin Sainte-Foy, Québec, QC, G1V 4G5, Canada.,Département de Médecine, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Ikonomov OC, Sbrissa D, Delvecchio K, Rillema JA, Shisheva A. Unexpected severe consequences of Pikfyve deletion by aP2- or Aq-promoter-driven Cre expression for glucose homeostasis and mammary gland development. Physiol Rep 2016; 4:4/11/e12812. [PMID: 27273882 PMCID: PMC4908490 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.12812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Systemic deficiency of PIKfyve, the evolutionarily conserved phosphoinositide kinase synthesizing cellular PtdIns5P and PtdIns(3,5)P2 and implicated in insulin signaling, causes early embryonic death in mice. In contrast, mice with muscle‐specific Pikfyve disruption have normal lifespan but exhibit early‐age whole‐body glucose intolerance and muscle insulin resistance, thus establishing the key role of muscle PIKfyve in glucose homeostasis. Fat and muscle tissues control postprandial glucose clearance through different mechanisms, raising questions as to whether adipose Pikfyve disruption will also trigger whole‐body metabolic abnormalities, and if so, what the mechanism might be. To clarify these issues, here we have characterized two new mouse models with adipose tissue disruption of Pikfyve through Cre recombinase expression driven by adipose‐specific aP2‐ or adiponectin (Aq) promoters. Whereas both mouse lines were ostensibly normal until adulthood, their glucose homeostasis and systemic insulin sensitivity were severely dysregulated. These abnormalities stemmed in part from accelerated fat‐cell lipolysis and elevated serum FFA. Intriguingly, aP2‐Cre‐PIKfyvefl/fl but not Aq‐Cre‐PIKfyvefl/fl females had severely impaired pregnancy‐induced mammary gland differentiation and lactogenesis, consistent with aP2‐Cre‐mediated Pikfyve excision in nonadipogenic tissues underlying this defect. Intriguingly, whereas mammary glands from postpartum control and Aq‐Cre‐PIKfyvefl/fl mice or ex vivo mammary gland explants showed profound upregulation of PIKfyve protein levels subsequent to prolactin receptor activation, such increases were not apparent in aP2‐Cre‐PIKfyvefl/fl females. Collectively, our data identify for the first time that adipose tissue Pikfyve plays a key role in the mechanisms regulating glucose homeostasis and that the PIKfyve pathway is critical in mammary epithelial differentiation during pregnancy and lactogenesis downstream of prolactin receptor signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ognian C Ikonomov
- Department of Physiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Diego Sbrissa
- Department of Physiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Khortnal Delvecchio
- Department of Physiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan
| | - James A Rillema
- Department of Physiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Assia Shisheva
- Department of Physiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Role of Exchange Protein Directly Activated by Cyclic AMP Isoform 1 in Energy Homeostasis: Regulation of Leptin Expression and Secretion in White Adipose Tissue. Mol Cell Biol 2016; 36:2440-50. [PMID: 27381457 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.01034-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 06/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Epacs (exchange proteins directly activated by cyclic AMP [cAMP]) act as downstream effectors of cAMP and play important roles in energy balance and glucose homeostasis. While global deletion of Epac1 in mice leads to heightened leptin sensitivity in the hypothalamus and partial protection against high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity, the physiological functions of Epac1 in white adipose tissue (WAT) has not been explored. Here, we report that adipose tissue-specific Epac1 knockout (AEKO) mice are more prone to HFD-induced obesity, with increased food intake, reduced energy expenditure, and impaired glucose tolerance. Despite the fact that AEKO mice on HFD display increased body weight, these mice have decreased circulating leptin levels compared to their wild-type littermates. In vivo and in vitro analyses further reveal that suppression of Epac1 in WAT decreases leptin mRNA expression and secretion by inhibiting cAMP response element binding (CREB) protein and AKT phosphorylation, respectively. Taken together, our results demonstrate that Epac1 plays an important role in regulating energy balance and glucose homeostasis by promoting leptin expression and secretion in WAT.
Collapse
|
40
|
Abstract
The synthesis of lipids in response to food intake represents a key advantage that allows organisms to survive when energy availability is limited. In mammals, circulating levels of insulin and nutrients, which fluctuate between fasting and feeding, dictate whether lipids are synthesized or catabolized by tissues. The mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR), a kinase that is activated by anabolic signals, plays fundamental roles in regulating lipid biosynthesis and metabolism in response to nutrition. The mTOR kinase nucleates two large protein complexes named mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) and mTOR complex 2 (mTORC2). Following their activation, these complexes facilitate the accumulation of triglycerides by promoting adipogenesis and lipogenesis and by shutting down catabolic processes such as lipolysis and β-oxidation. Here, we review and discuss the roles of mTOR complexes in various aspects of lipid metabolism in mammals. We also use this opportunity to discuss the implication of these relations to the maintenance of systemic lipid homeostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Caron
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec (CRIUCPQ), Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, Canada, G1V 4G5;
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Samms RJ, Cheng CC, Kharitonenkov A, Gimeno RE, Adams AC. Overexpression of β-Klotho in Adipose Tissue Sensitizes Male Mice to Endogenous FGF21 and Provides Protection From Diet-Induced Obesity. Endocrinology 2016; 157:1467-80. [PMID: 26901091 DOI: 10.1210/en.2015-1722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The endocrine hormone fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) is induced in the adaptive response to nutrient deprivation, where it serves to regulate the integrated response to fasting via its primary receptor complex, FGF receptor 1 coupled with the cofactor β-klotho (KLB) in target tissues. Curiously, endogenous FGF21 levels are also elevated in preclinical models of obesity and in obese/diabetic individuals. In addition to higher FGF21 levels, reduced KLB expression in liver and adipose tissue has been noted in these same individuals, suggesting that obesity may represent an FGF21 resistant state. To explore the contribution of tissue-specific KLB levels to endogenous FGF21 activity, in both fasting and high-fat diet feeding conditions, we generated animals overexpressing KLB in liver (LKLBOE) or adipose (ATKLBOE). Supportive of tissue-specific partitioning of FGF21 action, after chronic high-fat feeding, ATKLBOE mice gained significantly less weight than WT. Reduced weight gain was associated with elevated caloric expenditure, accompanied by a reduced respiratory exchange ratio and lower plasma free fatty acids levels, suggestive of augmented lipid metabolism. In contrast, LKLBOE had no effect on body weight but did reduce plasma cholesterol. The metabolic response to fasting was enhanced in LKLBOE mice, evidenced by increased ketone production, whereas no changes in this were noted in ATKLBOE mice. Taken together, these data provide further support that specific effects of FGF21 are mediated via engagement of distinct target organs. Furthermore, enhancing KLB expression in adipose may sensitize to endogenous FGF21, thus representing a novel strategy to combat metabolic disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo J Samms
- Lilly Research Laboratories (R.J.S., C.C.C., R.E.G., A.C.A.) and formerly of Lilly Research Laboratories (A.K.), Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285
| | - Christine C Cheng
- Lilly Research Laboratories (R.J.S., C.C.C., R.E.G., A.C.A.) and formerly of Lilly Research Laboratories (A.K.), Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285
| | - Alexei Kharitonenkov
- Lilly Research Laboratories (R.J.S., C.C.C., R.E.G., A.C.A.) and formerly of Lilly Research Laboratories (A.K.), Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285
| | - Ruth E Gimeno
- Lilly Research Laboratories (R.J.S., C.C.C., R.E.G., A.C.A.) and formerly of Lilly Research Laboratories (A.K.), Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285
| | - Andrew C Adams
- Lilly Research Laboratories (R.J.S., C.C.C., R.E.G., A.C.A.) and formerly of Lilly Research Laboratories (A.K.), Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Pal M, Febbraio MA, Lancaster GI. The roles of c-Jun NH2-terminal kinases (JNKs) in obesity and insulin resistance. J Physiol 2015; 594:267-79. [PMID: 26608096 DOI: 10.1113/jp271457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2015] [Accepted: 11/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is currently at epidemic levels worldwide and is associated with a wide range of diseases such as type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, fatty liver disease and certain forms of cancer. Obesity-induced chronic inflammation is central to the disrupted metabolic homeostasis which underlies many of these conditions. While research over the past decade has identified many of the cells and signalling molecules that contribute to obesity-induced inflammation, perhaps the best characterised are the stress-activated c-Jun NH2 -terminal kinases (JNKs). JNKs are activated in obesity in numerous metabolically important cells and tissues such as adipose tissue, macrophages, liver, skeletal muscle and regions of the brain and pituitary. Elegant in vivo mouse studies using Cre-LoxP-mediated recombination of the JNK1 and JNK2 genes have revealed the remarkably diverse roles that JNKs play in the development of obesity-induced inflammation, impaired glucose homeostasis and hepatic steatosis. While JNK activation in classical metabolically active tissues such as skeletal muscle and adipose tissue only appears to play a minor role on the induction of the above-mentioned pathologies, recent studies have clearly established the important roles JNK signalling fulfils in macrophages, the liver and cells of the anterior pituitary. Collectively, these studies place JNKs as important mediators of obesity and obesity-associated disruptions to metabolic homeostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Pal
- Division of Diabetes and Metabolism, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Sydney, Australia
| | - Mark A Febbraio
- Division of Diabetes and Metabolism, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Sydney, Australia.,Cellular & Molecular Metabolism Laboratory, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Graeme I Lancaster
- Cellular & Molecular Metabolism Laboratory, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Sparling DP, Yu J, Kim K, Zhu C, Brachs S, Birkenfeld AL, Pajvani UB. Adipocyte-specific blockade of gamma-secretase, but not inhibition of Notch activity, reduces adipose insulin sensitivity. Mol Metab 2015; 5:113-121. [PMID: 26909319 PMCID: PMC4735659 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2015.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2015] [Revised: 11/18/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective As the obesity pandemic continues to expand, novel molecular targets to reduce obesity-related insulin resistance and Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) continue to be needed. We have recently shown that obesity is associated with reactivated liver Notch signaling, which, in turn, increases hepatic insulin resistance, opening up therapeutic avenues for Notch inhibitors to be repurposed for T2D. Herein, we tested the systemic effects of γ-secretase inhibitors (GSIs), which prevent endogenous Notch activation, and confirmed these effects through creation and characterization of two different adipocyte-specific Notch loss-of-function mouse models through genetic ablation of the Notch transcriptional effector Rbp-Jk (A-Rbpj) and the obligate γ-secretase component Nicastrin (A-Nicastrin). Methods Glucose homeostasis and both local adipose and systemic insulin sensitivity were examined in GSI-treated, A-Rbpj and A-Nicastrin mice, as well as vehicle-treated or control littermates, with complementary in vitro studies in primary hepatocytes and 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Results GSI-treatment increases hepatic insulin sensitivity in obese mice but leads to reciprocal lowering of adipose glucose disposal. While A-Rbpj mice show normal body weight, adipose development and mass and unchanged adipose insulin sensitivity as control littermates, A-Nicastrin mice are relatively insulin-resistant, mirroring the GSI effect on adipose insulin action. Conclusions Notch signaling is dispensable for normal adipocyte function, but adipocyte-specific γ-secretase blockade reduces adipose insulin sensitivity, suggesting that specific Notch inhibitors would be preferable to GSIs for application in T2D. γ-secretase inhibitors (GSIs) are non-specific inhibitors of Notch signaling. GSI-treatment of obese mice increases hepatic, but lowers adipose insulin sensitivity. Adipocyte-specific Notch inhibition does not affect adipose mass or glucose homeostasis. Adipocyte-specific γ-secretase blockade reduces adipose insulin sensitivity. Specific Notch inhibitors may be preferable to GSIs for treatment of Type 2 Diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David P Sparling
- Departments of Pediatrics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Junjie Yu
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - KyeongJin Kim
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Changyu Zhu
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Sebastian Brachs
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Center for Cardiovascular Research, Charité - University School of Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas L Birkenfeld
- Section of Metabolic Vascular Medicine, Medical Clinic III and Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden (PLID), a member of the German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Technische Universität Dresden, Germany; Section of Diabetes and Nutritional Sciences, Rayne Institute, Denmark Hill Campus, King's College London, UK
| | - Utpal B Pajvani
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Li ZY, Song J, Zheng SL, Fan MB, Guan YF, Qu Y, Xu J, Wang P, Miao CY. Adipocyte Metrnl Antagonizes Insulin Resistance Through PPARγ Signaling. Diabetes 2015; 64:4011-22. [PMID: 26307585 DOI: 10.2337/db15-0274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2015] [Accepted: 08/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Adipokines play important roles in metabolic homeostasis and disease. We have recently identified a novel adipokine Metrnl, also known as Subfatin, for its high expression in subcutaneous fat. Here, we demonstrate a prodifferentiation action of Metrnl in white adipocytes. Adipocyte-specific knockout of Metrnl exacerbates insulin resistance induced by high-fat diet (HFD), whereas adipocyte-specific transgenic overexpression of Metrnl prevents insulin resistance induced by HFD or leptin deletion. Body weight and adipose content are not changed by adipocyte Metrnl. Consistently, no correlation is found between serum Metrnl level and BMI in humans. Metrnl promotes white adipocyte differentiation, expandability, and lipid metabolism and inhibits adipose inflammation to form functional fat, which contributes to its activity against insulin resistance. The insulin sensitization of Metrnl is blocked by PPARγ inhibitors or knockdown. However, Metrnl does not drive white adipose browning. Acute intravenous injection of recombinant Metrnl has no hypoglycemic effect, and 1-week intravenous administration of Metrnl is unable to rescue insulin resistance exacerbated by adipocyte Metrnl deficiency. Our results suggest adipocyte Metrnl controls insulin sensitivity at least via its local autocrine/paracrine action through the PPARγ pathway. Adipocyte Metrnl is an inherent insulin sensitizer and may become a therapeutic target for insulin resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Yong Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Song
- Department of Pharmacology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Si-Li Zheng
- Department of Pharmacology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mao-Bing Fan
- Department of Pharmacology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yun-Feng Guan
- Department of Pharmacology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Qu
- Department of Pharmacology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Xu
- Department of Laboratory Diagnosis, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Pei Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chao-Yu Miao
- Department of Pharmacology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Cheetham CEJ, Grier BD, Belluscio L. Bulk regional viral injection in neonatal mice enables structural and functional interrogation of defined neuronal populations throughout targeted brain areas. Front Neural Circuits 2015; 9:72. [PMID: 26594154 PMCID: PMC4633521 DOI: 10.3389/fncir.2015.00072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2015] [Accepted: 10/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability to label and manipulate specific cell types is central to understanding the structure and function of neuronal circuits. Here, we have developed a simple, affordable strategy for labeling of genetically defined populations of neurons throughout a targeted brain region: Bulk Regional Viral Injection (BReVI). Our strategy involves a large volume adeno-associated virus (AAV) injection in the targeted brain region of neonatal Cre driver mice. Using the mouse olfactory bulb (OB) as a model system, we tested the ability of BReVI to broadly and selectively label tufted cells, one of the two principal neuron populations of the OB, in CCK-IRES-Cre mice. BReVI resulted in labeling of neurons throughout the injected OB, with no spatial bias toward the injection site and no evidence of damage. The specificity of BReVI labeling was strikingly similar to that seen previously using immunohistochemical staining for cholecystokinin (CCK), an established tufted cell marker. Hence, the CCK-IRES-Cre line in combination with BReVI can provide an important tool for targeting and manipulation of OB tufted cells. We also found robust Cre-dependent reporter expression within three days of BReVI, which enabled us to assess developmental changes in the number and laminar distribution of OB tufted cells during the first three postnatal weeks. Furthermore, we demonstrate that BReVI permits structural and functional imaging in vivo, and can be combined with transgenic strategies to facilitate multi-color labeling of neuronal circuit components. BReVI is broadly applicable to different Cre driver lines and can be used to regionally manipulate genetically defined populations of neurons in any accessible brain region.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claire E. J. Cheetham
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and StrokeBethesda, MD, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Carnegie Mellon UniversityPittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Bryce D. Grier
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and StrokeBethesda, MD, USA
| | - Leonardo Belluscio
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and StrokeBethesda, MD, USA
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Nuotio-Antar AM, Poungvarin N, Li M, Schupp M, Mohammad M, Gerard S, Zou F, Chan L. FABP4-Cre Mediated Expression of Constitutively Active ChREBP Protects Against Obesity, Fatty Liver, and Insulin Resistance. Endocrinology 2015; 156:4020-32. [PMID: 26248218 PMCID: PMC4606753 DOI: 10.1210/en.2015-1210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Carbohydrate response element binding protein (ChREBP) regulates cellular glucose and lipid homeostasis. Although ChREBP is highly expressed in many key metabolic tissues, the role of ChREBP in most of those tissues and the consequent effects on whole-body glucose and lipid metabolism are not well understood. Therefore, we generated a transgenic mouse that overexpresses a constitutively active ChREBP isoform under the control of the fatty acid binding protein 4-Cre-driven promoter (FaChOX). Weight gain was blunted in male, but not female, FaChOX mice when placed on either a normal chow diet or an obesogenic Western diet. Respiratory exchange ratios were increased in Western diet-fed FaChOX mice, indicating a shift in whole-body substrate use favoring carbohydrate metabolism. Western diet-fed FaChOX mice showed improved insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance in comparison with controls. Hepatic triglyceride content was reduced in Western diet-fed FaChOX mice in comparison with controls, suggesting protection from fatty liver. Epididymal adipose tissue exhibited differential expression of genes involved in differentiation, browning, metabolism, lipid homeostasis, and inflammation between Western diet-fed FaChOX mice and controls. Our findings support a role for ChREBP in modulating adipocyte differentiation and adipose tissue metabolism and inflammation as well as consequent risks for obesity and insulin resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alli M Nuotio-Antar
- Diabetes and Endocrinology Research Center (A.M.N.-A., N.P., M.L., L.C.), Department of Medicine, and Children's Nutrition Research Center (A.M.N.-A., M.M., S.G., F.Z.), Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030; and Charité University School of Medicine (M.S.), Institute of Pharmacology, Center for Cardiovascular Research, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Naravat Poungvarin
- Diabetes and Endocrinology Research Center (A.M.N.-A., N.P., M.L., L.C.), Department of Medicine, and Children's Nutrition Research Center (A.M.N.-A., M.M., S.G., F.Z.), Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030; and Charité University School of Medicine (M.S.), Institute of Pharmacology, Center for Cardiovascular Research, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ming Li
- Diabetes and Endocrinology Research Center (A.M.N.-A., N.P., M.L., L.C.), Department of Medicine, and Children's Nutrition Research Center (A.M.N.-A., M.M., S.G., F.Z.), Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030; and Charité University School of Medicine (M.S.), Institute of Pharmacology, Center for Cardiovascular Research, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Schupp
- Diabetes and Endocrinology Research Center (A.M.N.-A., N.P., M.L., L.C.), Department of Medicine, and Children's Nutrition Research Center (A.M.N.-A., M.M., S.G., F.Z.), Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030; and Charité University School of Medicine (M.S.), Institute of Pharmacology, Center for Cardiovascular Research, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Mahmoud Mohammad
- Diabetes and Endocrinology Research Center (A.M.N.-A., N.P., M.L., L.C.), Department of Medicine, and Children's Nutrition Research Center (A.M.N.-A., M.M., S.G., F.Z.), Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030; and Charité University School of Medicine (M.S.), Institute of Pharmacology, Center for Cardiovascular Research, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Sarah Gerard
- Diabetes and Endocrinology Research Center (A.M.N.-A., N.P., M.L., L.C.), Department of Medicine, and Children's Nutrition Research Center (A.M.N.-A., M.M., S.G., F.Z.), Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030; and Charité University School of Medicine (M.S.), Institute of Pharmacology, Center for Cardiovascular Research, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Fang Zou
- Diabetes and Endocrinology Research Center (A.M.N.-A., N.P., M.L., L.C.), Department of Medicine, and Children's Nutrition Research Center (A.M.N.-A., M.M., S.G., F.Z.), Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030; and Charité University School of Medicine (M.S.), Institute of Pharmacology, Center for Cardiovascular Research, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Lawrence Chan
- Diabetes and Endocrinology Research Center (A.M.N.-A., N.P., M.L., L.C.), Department of Medicine, and Children's Nutrition Research Center (A.M.N.-A., M.M., S.G., F.Z.), Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030; and Charité University School of Medicine (M.S.), Institute of Pharmacology, Center for Cardiovascular Research, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Nakagomi A, Okada S, Yokoyama M, Yoshida Y, Shimizu I, Miki T, Kobayashi Y, Minamino T. Role of the central nervous system and adipose tissue BDNF/TrkB axes in metabolic regulation. NPJ Aging Mech Dis 2015; 1:15009. [PMID: 28721258 PMCID: PMC5514989 DOI: 10.1038/npjamd.2015.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2014] [Revised: 06/11/2015] [Accepted: 07/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and its receptor (tropomyosin-related kinase B: TrkB, also known as Ntrk2) have a key role in central regulation of the energy balance. BDNF and TrkB are also expressed in the peripheral tissues, including adipose tissue, but their peripheral role has been unclear. Here we report on the functional significance of the adipose tissue BDNF/TrkB axis in metabolic homeostasis. Materials and Methods: To examine the role of the BDNF/TrkB axis in the central nervous system and in adipose tissue, we generated adipocyte-specific or neuron-specific BDNF/TrkB conditional knockout (CKO) mice. Then we compared the feeding behavior and metabolic profile between each type of CKO mouse and their littermates. Results: Bdnf expression was significantly increased in the adipose tissue of mice receiving a high-calorie diet, whereas Ntrk2 expression was decreased. The Bdnf/Ntrk2 expression ratio of adipose tissue was higher in female mice than male mice. Fabp4-Cre mice are widely used to establish adipocyte-specific CKO mice. However, we found that Fabp4-Cre-induced deletion of Bdnf or Ntrk2 led to hyperphagia, obesity, and aggressiveness, presumably due to ectopic Fabp4-Cre mediated gene recombination in the brain. Next, we attempted to more specifically delete Bdnf or Ntrk2 in adipocytes using Adipoq-Cre mice. Expression of Ntrk2, but not Bdnf, in the adipose tissue was reduced by Adipoq-Cre mediated gene recombination, indicating that adipocytes only expressed TrkB. No phenotypic changes were detected when Adipoq-Cre TrkB CKO mice were fed a normal diet, whereas female CKO mice receiving a high-calorie diet showed a decrease in food intake and resistance to obesity. Conclusions: The adipose tissue BDNF/TrkB axis has a substantial influence on the feeding behavior and obesity in female mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Nakagomi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Sho Okada
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Masataka Yokoyama
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yohko Yoshida
- Department of Cardiovascular Biology and Medicine, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Ippei Shimizu
- Department of Cardiovascular Biology and Medicine, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Takashi Miki
- Department of Medical Physiology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yoshio Kobayashi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Tohru Minamino
- Department of Cardiovascular Biology and Medicine, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan.,PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Selective enhancement of insulin sensitivity in the mature adipocyte is sufficient for systemic metabolic improvements. Nat Commun 2015; 6:7906. [PMID: 26243466 PMCID: PMC4527086 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms8906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2015] [Accepted: 06/23/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Dysfunctional adipose tissue represents a hallmark of type 2 diabetes and systemic insulin resistance, characterized by fibrotic deposition of collagens and increased immune cell infiltration within the depots. Here we generate an inducible model of loss of function of the protein phosphatase and tensin homologue (PTEN), a phosphatase critically involved in turning off the insulin signal transduction cascade, to assess the role of enhanced insulin signalling specifically in mature adipocytes. These mice gain more weight on chow diet and short-term as well as long-term high-fat diet exposure. Despite the increase in weight, they retain enhanced insulin sensitivity, show improvements in oral glucose tolerance tests, display reduced adipose tissue inflammation and maintain elevated adiponectin levels. These improvements also lead to reduced hepatic steatosis and enhanced hepatic insulin sensitivity. Prolonging insulin action selectively in the mature adipocyte is therefore sufficient to maintain normal systemic metabolic homeostasis. Insulin resistance in adipose tissue is a hallmark of obesity. Here, the authors generate inducible adipocyte-specific PTEN knockout mice to demonstrate that enhanced insulin sensitivity in adipose tissue is directly linked to improved systemic metabolic homeostasis, despite an increase in fat mass.
Collapse
|
49
|
Drägert K, Bhattacharya I, Pellegrini G, Seebeck P, Azzi A, Brown SA, Georgiopoulou S, Held U, Blyszczuk P, Arras M, Humar R, Hall MN, Battegay E, Haas E. Deletion of
Rictor
in Brain and Fat Alters Peripheral Clock Gene Expression and Increases Blood Pressure. Hypertension 2015; 66:332-9. [DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.115.05398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2015] [Accepted: 05/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Katja Drägert
- From the Research Unit, Department of Internal Medicine (K.D., I.B., S.G., R.H, E.B., E.H.) and Division of Surgical Research (M.A.), University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Center of Competence Multimorbidity and University Research Priority Program “Dynamics of Healthy Aging” (K.D., I.B., S.G., R.H, E.B., E.H.), Laboratory for Animal Model Pathology, Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Vetsuisse faculty (G.P.), Zurich Integrative Rodent Physiology (P.S.), Institute of Pharmacology and
| | - Indranil Bhattacharya
- From the Research Unit, Department of Internal Medicine (K.D., I.B., S.G., R.H, E.B., E.H.) and Division of Surgical Research (M.A.), University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Center of Competence Multimorbidity and University Research Priority Program “Dynamics of Healthy Aging” (K.D., I.B., S.G., R.H, E.B., E.H.), Laboratory for Animal Model Pathology, Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Vetsuisse faculty (G.P.), Zurich Integrative Rodent Physiology (P.S.), Institute of Pharmacology and
| | - Giovanni Pellegrini
- From the Research Unit, Department of Internal Medicine (K.D., I.B., S.G., R.H, E.B., E.H.) and Division of Surgical Research (M.A.), University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Center of Competence Multimorbidity and University Research Priority Program “Dynamics of Healthy Aging” (K.D., I.B., S.G., R.H, E.B., E.H.), Laboratory for Animal Model Pathology, Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Vetsuisse faculty (G.P.), Zurich Integrative Rodent Physiology (P.S.), Institute of Pharmacology and
| | - Petra Seebeck
- From the Research Unit, Department of Internal Medicine (K.D., I.B., S.G., R.H, E.B., E.H.) and Division of Surgical Research (M.A.), University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Center of Competence Multimorbidity and University Research Priority Program “Dynamics of Healthy Aging” (K.D., I.B., S.G., R.H, E.B., E.H.), Laboratory for Animal Model Pathology, Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Vetsuisse faculty (G.P.), Zurich Integrative Rodent Physiology (P.S.), Institute of Pharmacology and
| | - Abdelhalim Azzi
- From the Research Unit, Department of Internal Medicine (K.D., I.B., S.G., R.H, E.B., E.H.) and Division of Surgical Research (M.A.), University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Center of Competence Multimorbidity and University Research Priority Program “Dynamics of Healthy Aging” (K.D., I.B., S.G., R.H, E.B., E.H.), Laboratory for Animal Model Pathology, Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Vetsuisse faculty (G.P.), Zurich Integrative Rodent Physiology (P.S.), Institute of Pharmacology and
| | - Steven A. Brown
- From the Research Unit, Department of Internal Medicine (K.D., I.B., S.G., R.H, E.B., E.H.) and Division of Surgical Research (M.A.), University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Center of Competence Multimorbidity and University Research Priority Program “Dynamics of Healthy Aging” (K.D., I.B., S.G., R.H, E.B., E.H.), Laboratory for Animal Model Pathology, Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Vetsuisse faculty (G.P.), Zurich Integrative Rodent Physiology (P.S.), Institute of Pharmacology and
| | - Stavroula Georgiopoulou
- From the Research Unit, Department of Internal Medicine (K.D., I.B., S.G., R.H, E.B., E.H.) and Division of Surgical Research (M.A.), University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Center of Competence Multimorbidity and University Research Priority Program “Dynamics of Healthy Aging” (K.D., I.B., S.G., R.H, E.B., E.H.), Laboratory for Animal Model Pathology, Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Vetsuisse faculty (G.P.), Zurich Integrative Rodent Physiology (P.S.), Institute of Pharmacology and
| | - Ulrike Held
- From the Research Unit, Department of Internal Medicine (K.D., I.B., S.G., R.H, E.B., E.H.) and Division of Surgical Research (M.A.), University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Center of Competence Multimorbidity and University Research Priority Program “Dynamics of Healthy Aging” (K.D., I.B., S.G., R.H, E.B., E.H.), Laboratory for Animal Model Pathology, Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Vetsuisse faculty (G.P.), Zurich Integrative Rodent Physiology (P.S.), Institute of Pharmacology and
| | - Przemyslaw Blyszczuk
- From the Research Unit, Department of Internal Medicine (K.D., I.B., S.G., R.H, E.B., E.H.) and Division of Surgical Research (M.A.), University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Center of Competence Multimorbidity and University Research Priority Program “Dynamics of Healthy Aging” (K.D., I.B., S.G., R.H, E.B., E.H.), Laboratory for Animal Model Pathology, Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Vetsuisse faculty (G.P.), Zurich Integrative Rodent Physiology (P.S.), Institute of Pharmacology and
| | - Margarete Arras
- From the Research Unit, Department of Internal Medicine (K.D., I.B., S.G., R.H, E.B., E.H.) and Division of Surgical Research (M.A.), University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Center of Competence Multimorbidity and University Research Priority Program “Dynamics of Healthy Aging” (K.D., I.B., S.G., R.H, E.B., E.H.), Laboratory for Animal Model Pathology, Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Vetsuisse faculty (G.P.), Zurich Integrative Rodent Physiology (P.S.), Institute of Pharmacology and
| | - Rok Humar
- From the Research Unit, Department of Internal Medicine (K.D., I.B., S.G., R.H, E.B., E.H.) and Division of Surgical Research (M.A.), University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Center of Competence Multimorbidity and University Research Priority Program “Dynamics of Healthy Aging” (K.D., I.B., S.G., R.H, E.B., E.H.), Laboratory for Animal Model Pathology, Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Vetsuisse faculty (G.P.), Zurich Integrative Rodent Physiology (P.S.), Institute of Pharmacology and
| | - Michael N. Hall
- From the Research Unit, Department of Internal Medicine (K.D., I.B., S.G., R.H, E.B., E.H.) and Division of Surgical Research (M.A.), University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Center of Competence Multimorbidity and University Research Priority Program “Dynamics of Healthy Aging” (K.D., I.B., S.G., R.H, E.B., E.H.), Laboratory for Animal Model Pathology, Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Vetsuisse faculty (G.P.), Zurich Integrative Rodent Physiology (P.S.), Institute of Pharmacology and
| | - Edouard Battegay
- From the Research Unit, Department of Internal Medicine (K.D., I.B., S.G., R.H, E.B., E.H.) and Division of Surgical Research (M.A.), University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Center of Competence Multimorbidity and University Research Priority Program “Dynamics of Healthy Aging” (K.D., I.B., S.G., R.H, E.B., E.H.), Laboratory for Animal Model Pathology, Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Vetsuisse faculty (G.P.), Zurich Integrative Rodent Physiology (P.S.), Institute of Pharmacology and
| | - Elvira Haas
- From the Research Unit, Department of Internal Medicine (K.D., I.B., S.G., R.H, E.B., E.H.) and Division of Surgical Research (M.A.), University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Center of Competence Multimorbidity and University Research Priority Program “Dynamics of Healthy Aging” (K.D., I.B., S.G., R.H, E.B., E.H.), Laboratory for Animal Model Pathology, Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Vetsuisse faculty (G.P.), Zurich Integrative Rodent Physiology (P.S.), Institute of Pharmacology and
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Bi P, Kuang S. Notch signaling as a novel regulator of metabolism. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2015; 26:248-55. [PMID: 25805408 PMCID: PMC4435535 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2015.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2015] [Revised: 02/17/2015] [Accepted: 02/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Evolutionarily unprepared for modern high-calorie diets and sedentary lifestyles, humans are now unprecedentedly susceptible to metabolic disorders such as obesity, type 2 diabetes (T2D), nonalcoholic fatty liver, and cardiovascular disease. These metabolic conditions are intertwined, together known as metabolic syndrome, and compromise human life quality as well as lives. Notch signaling, a fundamental signal transduction pathway critical for cell-cell communication and development, has recently been recognized as a key player in metabolism. This review summarizes the emerging roles of Notch signaling in regulating the metabolism of various cell and tissue types, with emphasis on the underlying molecular mechanisms and the potential of targeting this signal axis to treat metabolic diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pengpeng Bi
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
| | - Shihuan Kuang
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
| |
Collapse
|