1
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Keeley O, Coyne AN. Nuclear and degradative functions of the ESCRT-III pathway: implications for neurodegenerative disease. Nucleus 2024; 15:2349085. [PMID: 38700207 PMCID: PMC11073439 DOI: 10.1080/19491034.2024.2349085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The ESCRT machinery plays a pivotal role in membrane-remodeling events across multiple cellular processes including nuclear envelope repair and reformation, nuclear pore complex surveillance, endolysosomal trafficking, and neuronal pruning. Alterations in ESCRT-III functionality have been associated with neurodegenerative diseases including Frontotemporal Dementia (FTD), Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS), and Alzheimer's Disease (AD). In addition, mutations in specific ESCRT-III proteins have been identified in FTD/ALS. Thus, understanding how disruptions in the fundamental functions of this pathway and its individual protein components in the human central nervous system (CNS) may offer valuable insights into mechanisms underlying neurodegenerative disease pathogenesis and identification of potential therapeutic targets. In this review, we discuss ESCRT components, dynamics, and functions, with a focus on the ESCRT-III pathway. In addition, we explore the implications of altered ESCRT-III function for neurodegeneration with a primary emphasis on nuclear surveillance and endolysosomal trafficking within the CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia Keeley
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Brain Science Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Alyssa N. Coyne
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Brain Science Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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2
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Park J, Kim J, Park H, Kim T, Lee S. ESCRT-III: a versatile membrane remodeling machinery and its implications in cellular processes and diseases. Anim Cells Syst (Seoul) 2024; 28:367-380. [PMID: 39070887 PMCID: PMC11275535 DOI: 10.1080/19768354.2024.2380294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024] Open
Abstract
The endosomal sorting complexes required for transport (ESCRT) machinery is an evolutionarily conserved cytosolic protein complex that plays a crucial role in membrane remodeling and scission events across eukaryotes. Initially discovered for its function in multivesicular body (MVB) formation, the ESCRT complex has since been implicated in a wide range of membrane-associated processes, including endocytosis, exocytosis, cytokinesis, and autophagy. Recent advances have elucidated the ESCRT assembly pathway and highlighted the distinct functions of the various ESCRT complexes and their associated partners. Among the ESCRT complexes, ESCRT-III stands out as a critical player in membrane remodeling, with its subunits assembled into higher-order multimers capable of bending and severing membranes. This review focuses on the ESCRT-III complex, exploring its diverse functions in cellular processes beyond MVB biogenesis. We delve into the molecular mechanisms underlying ESCRT-III-mediated membrane remodeling and highlight its emerging roles in processes such as viral budding, autophagosome closure, and cytokinetic abscission. We also discuss the implications of ESCRT-III dysregulation in neurodegenerative diseases. The versatile membrane remodeling capabilities of ESCRT-III across diverse cellular processes underscore its importance in maintaining proper cellular function. Furthermore, we highlight the promising potential of ESCRT-III as a therapeutic target for neurodegenerative diseases, offering insights into the treatments of the diseases and the technical applications in related research fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jisoo Park
- Program in Biomedical Science & Engineering, Inha University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jongyoon Kim
- Program in Biomedical Science & Engineering, Inha University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyungsun Park
- Program in Biomedical Science & Engineering, Inha University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Taewan Kim
- Program in Biomedical Science & Engineering, Inha University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seongju Lee
- Program in Biomedical Science & Engineering, Inha University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
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3
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Prever L, Squillero G, Hirsch E, Gulluni F. Linking phosphoinositide function to mitosis. Cell Rep 2024; 43:114273. [PMID: 38843397 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Phosphoinositides (PtdIns) are a family of differentially phosphorylated lipid second messengers localized to the cytoplasmic leaflet of both plasma and intracellular membranes. Kinases and phosphatases can selectively modify the PtdIns composition of different cellular compartments, leading to the recruitment of specific binding proteins, which control cellular homeostasis and proliferation. Thus, while PtdIns affect cell growth and survival during interphase, they are also emerging as key drivers in multiple temporally defined membrane remodeling events of mitosis, like cell rounding, spindle orientation, cytokinesis, and abscission. In this review, we summarize and discuss what is known about PtdIns function during mitosis and how alterations in the production and removal of PtdIns can interfere with proper cell division.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Prever
- University of Turin, Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center "Guido Tarone", Via Nizza 52, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Gabriele Squillero
- University of Turin, Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center "Guido Tarone", Via Nizza 52, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Emilio Hirsch
- University of Turin, Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center "Guido Tarone", Via Nizza 52, 10126 Turin, Italy.
| | - Federico Gulluni
- University of Turin, Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center "Guido Tarone", Via Nizza 52, 10126 Turin, Italy.
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4
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Liu M, Liu Y, Song T, Yang L, Qi L, Zhang YZ, Wang Y, Shen QT. Three-dimensional architecture of ESCRT-III flat spirals on the membrane. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2319115121. [PMID: 38709931 PMCID: PMC11098116 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2319115121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
The endosomal sorting complexes required for transport (ESCRTs) are responsible for membrane remodeling in many cellular processes, such as multivesicular body biogenesis, viral budding, and cytokinetic abscission. ESCRT-III, the most abundant ESCRT subunit, assembles into flat spirals as the primed state, essential to initiate membrane invagination. However, the three-dimensional architecture of ESCRT-III flat spirals remained vague for decades due to highly curved filaments with a small diameter and a single preferred orientation on the membrane. Here, we unveiled that yeast Snf7, a component of ESCRT-III, forms flat spirals on the lipid monolayers using cryogenic electron microscopy. We developed a geometry-constrained Euler angle-assigned reconstruction strategy and obtained moderate-resolution structures of Snf7 flat spirals with varying curvatures. Our analyses showed that Snf7 subunits recline on the membrane with N-terminal motifs α0 as anchors, adopt an open state with fused α2/3 helices, and bend α2/3 gradually from the outer to inner parts of flat spirals. In all, we provide the orientation and conformations of ESCRT-III flat spirals on the membrane and unveil the underlying assembly mechanism, which will serve as the initial step in understanding how ESCRTs drive membrane abscission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingdong Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Department of Chemical Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen518055, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao Marine Science and Technology Center, Qingdao266237, China
- Institute for Biological Electron Microscopy, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen518055, China
- iHuman Institute and School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai201210, China
| | - Yunhui Liu
- Institute for Biological Electron Microscopy, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen518055, China
| | - Tiefeng Song
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou310058, China
- The Provincial International Science and Technology Cooperation Base on Engineering Biology, International Campus of Zhejiang University, Haining314400, China
| | - Liuyan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Marine Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong University, Qingdao266237, China
| | - Lei Qi
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao Marine Science and Technology Center, Qingdao266237, China
- Biomedical Research Center for Structural Analysis, Shandong University, Jinan250012, China
| | - Yu-Zhong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Marine Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong University, Qingdao266237, China
| | - Yong Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou310058, China
- The Provincial International Science and Technology Cooperation Base on Engineering Biology, International Campus of Zhejiang University, Haining314400, China
| | - Qing-Tao Shen
- School of Life Sciences, Department of Chemical Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen518055, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao Marine Science and Technology Center, Qingdao266237, China
- Institute for Biological Electron Microscopy, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen518055, China
- iHuman Institute and School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai201210, China
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5
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Barrado-Gil L, García-Dorival I, Galindo I, Alonso C, Cuesta-Geijo MÁ. Insights into the function of ESCRT complex and LBPA in ASFV infection. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1163569. [PMID: 38125905 PMCID: PMC10731053 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1163569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The African swine fever virus (ASFV) is strongly dependent on an intact endocytic pathway and a certain cellular membrane remodeling for infection, possibly regulated by the endosomal sorting complexes required for transport (ESCRT). The ESCRT machinery is mainly involved in the coordination of membrane dynamics; hence, several viruses exploit this complex and its accessory proteins VPS4 and ALIX for their own benefit. In this work, we found that shRNA-mediated knockdown of VPS4A decreased ASFV replication and viral titers, and this silencing resulted in an enhanced expression of ESCRT-0 component HRS. ASFV infection slightly increased HRS expression but not under VPS4A depletion conditions. Interestingly, VPS4A silencing did not have an impact on ALIX expression, which was significantly overexpressed upon ASFV infection. Further analysis revealed that ALIX silencing impaired ASFV infection at late stages of the viral cycle, including replication and viral production. In addition to ESCRT, the accessory protein ALIX is involved in endosomal membrane dynamics in a lysobisphosphatydic acid (LBPA) and Ca2+-dependent manner, which is relevant for intraluminal vesicle (ILV) biogenesis and endosomal homeostasis. Moreover, LBPA interacts with NPC2 and/or ALIX to regulate cellular cholesterol traffic, and would affect ASFV infection. Thus, we show that LBPA blocking impacted ASFV infection at both early and late infection, suggesting a function for this unconventional phospholipid in the ASFV viral cycle. Here, we found for the first time that silencing of VPS4A and ALIX affects the infection later on, and blocking LBPA function reduces ASFV infectivity at early and later stages of the viral cycle, while ALIX was overexpressed upon infection. These data suggested the relevance of ESCRT-related proteins in ASFV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Miguel Ángel Cuesta-Geijo
- Departmento Biotecnología, INIA-CSIC, Centro Nacional Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, Madrid, Spain
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6
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Dai J, Zhang MZ, He QQ, Chen R. The emerging role of exosomes in Schizophrenia. Psychiatry Res 2023; 327:115394. [PMID: 37536144 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2023.115394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Schizophrenia (SCZ), a serious mental disorder, is one of the leading causes of disease burden worldwide. Exosomes, as a natural nanocarrier, are able to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and play a key bridging role in central nervous system (CNS) communication, participating in important physiological processes such as neural regeneration, prominent plasticity, axonal support, and neuroinflammation. In recent years, exosomes have received widespread attention in the field of neurodegenerative diseases and mental disorders, especially Alzheimer's disease. However, there are few reviews on exosomes and SCZ. Therefore, we conducted a literature search in PubMed and Web of Science using the following search terms: "schizophrenia", "mental disorder", "central system", "exosome", "extracellular vesicles" to identify publications from January 2010 to December 2022. Our review summarized exosomes secreted by different cell types in the CNS and the double-edged role of exosomes in the development of SCZ, and discussed their future potential as biomarkers and therapeutic targets. In conclusion, this article provides an up-to-date overview of the current research on the involvement of exosomes in SCZ, while also highlighting the challenges that are currently faced in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Dai
- School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Min-Zhe Zhang
- School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qi-Qiang He
- School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Hubei Biomass-Resource Chemistry and Environmental Biotechnology Key Laboratory, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Rui Chen
- School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
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7
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Rivera-Cuevas Y, Carruthers VB. The multifaceted interactions between pathogens and host ESCRT machinery. PLoS Pathog 2023; 19:e1011344. [PMID: 37141275 PMCID: PMC10159163 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The Endosomal Sorting Complex Required for Transport (ESCRT) machinery consists of multiple protein complexes that coordinate vesicle budding away from the host cytosol. ESCRTs function in many fundamental cellular processes including the biogenesis of multivesicular bodies and exosomes, membrane repair and restoration, and cell abscission during cytokinesis. Work over the past 2 decades has shown that a diverse cohort of viruses critically rely upon host ESCRT machinery for virus replication and envelopment. More recent studies reported that intracellular bacteria and the intracellular parasite Toxoplasma gondii benefit from, antagonize, or exploit host ESCRT machinery to preserve their intracellular niche, gain resources, or egress from infected cells. Here, we review how intracellular pathogens interact with the ESCRT machinery of their hosts, highlighting the variety of strategies they use to bind ESCRT complexes using short linear amino acid motifs like those used by ESCRTs to sequentially assemble on target membranes. Future work exposing new mechanisms of this molecular mimicry will yield novel insight of how pathogens exploit host ESCRT machinery and how ESCRTs facilitate key cellular processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yolanda Rivera-Cuevas
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Vern B. Carruthers
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
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8
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Jukic N, Perrino AP, Redondo-Morata L, Scheuring S. Structure and dynamics of ESCRT-III membrane remodeling proteins by high-speed atomic force microscopy. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:104575. [PMID: 36870686 PMCID: PMC10074808 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.104575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Endosomal Sorting Complex Required for Transport (ESCRT) proteins assemble on the cytoplasmic leaflet of membranes and remodel them. ESCRT is involved in biological processes where membranes are bent away from the cytosol, constricted, and finally severed, such as in multi-vesicular body formation (in the endosomal pathway for protein sorting) or abscission during cell division. The ESCRT system is hijacked by enveloped viruses to allow buds of nascent virions to be constricted, severed and released. ESCRT-III proteins, the most downstream components of the ESCRT system, are monomeric and cytosolic in their autoinhibited conformation. They share a common architecture, a four-helix bundle with a fifth helix that interacts with this bundle to prevent polymerizing. Upon binding to negatively charged membranes, the ESCRT-III components adopt an activated state that allows them to polymerize into filaments and spirals, and to interact with the AAA-ATPase Vps4 for polymer remodeling. ESCRT-III has been studied with electron microscopy (EM) and fluorescence microscopy (FM); these methods provided invaluable information about ESCRT assembly structures or their dynamics, respectively, but neither approach provides detailed insights into both aspects simultaneously. High-speed atomic force microscopy (HS-AFM) has overcome this shortcoming, providing movies at high spatio-temporal resolution of biomolecular processes, significantly increasing our understanding of ESCRT-III structure and dynamics. Here, we review the contributions of HS-AFM in the analysis of ESCRT-III, focusing on recent developments of non-planar and deformable HS-AFM supports. We divide the HS-AFM observations into four sequential steps in the ESCRT-III lifecycle: 1) polymerization, 2) morphology, 3) dynamics, and 4) depolymerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nebojsa Jukic
- Weill Cornell Medicine, Physiology, Biophysics and Systems Biology Graduate Program, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Alma P Perrino
- Weill Cornell Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Lorena Redondo-Morata
- Université de Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019-UMR9017-CIIL-Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Simon Scheuring
- Weill Cornell Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA; Weill Cornell Medicine, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA; Kavli Institute at Cornell for Nanoscale Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, NY 14853, USA.
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9
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Tseng CC, Piper RC, Katzmann DJ. Bro1 family proteins harmonize cargo sorting with vesicle formation. Bioessays 2022; 44:e2100276. [PMID: 35770783 PMCID: PMC9575758 DOI: 10.1002/bies.202100276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The Endosomal Sorting Complexes Required for Transport (ESCRTs) drive membrane remodeling in a variety of cellular processes that include the formation of endosomal intralumenal vesicles (ILVs) during multivesicular body (MVB) biogenesis. During MVB sorting, ESCRTs recognize ubiquitin (Ub) attached to membrane protein cargo and execute ILV formation by controlling the activities of ESCRT-III polymers regulated by the AAA-ATPase Vps4. Exactly how these events are coordinated to ensure proper cargo loading into ILVs remains unclear. Here we discuss recent work documenting the ability of Bro1, an ESCRT-associated Ub-binding protein, to coordinate ESCRT-III and Vps4-dependent ILV biogenesis with upstream events such as cargo recognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Che Tseng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.,Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Robert C Piper
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - David J Katzmann
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.,Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
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10
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Migliano SM, Wenzel EM, Stenmark H. Biophysical and molecular mechanisms of ESCRT functions, and their implications for disease. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2022; 75:102062. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2022.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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11
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Galindo A, Javier-Reyna R, García-Rivera G, Bañuelos C, Chávez-Munguía B, Salazar-Villatoro L, Orozco E. EhVps23, an ESCRT-I Member, Is a Key Factor in Secretion, Motility, Phagocytosis and Tissue Invasion by Entamoeba histolytica. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:835654. [PMID: 35360117 PMCID: PMC8964110 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.835654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The EhVps23 protein, an orthologue of the yeast Vps23 and the mammalian TSG101 proteins, is the single member of the ESCRT-I complex of Entamoeba histolytica identified and characterized until now. EhVps23 actively participates in vesicular trafficking and phagocytosis, which influence several cellular events. In this paper, we investigated the role of EhVps23 in virulence-related functions, including the invasive capacity of trophozoites, using transfected trophozoites. Trophozoites overexpressing the EhVps23 protein (Neo-EhVps23) presented helical arrangements in the cytoplasm, similar to the ones formed by EhVps32 for scission of vesicles. By confocal and transmission electron microscopy, EhVps23 was detected in multivesicular bodies, vesicles, and the extracellular space. It was secreted in vesicles together with other proteins, including the EhADH adhesin. Probably, these vesicles carry molecules that participate in the prey capture or in cell-cell communication. Mass spectrometry of precipitates obtained using α-EhVps23 antibodies, evidenced the presence of proteins involved in motility, phagocytosis, vesicular trafficking and secretion. The study of cellular functions, revealed that Neo-EhVps23 trophozoites exhibit characteristics similar to those described for mammalian transformed cells: they grew 50% faster than the control; presented a significant higher rate of phagocytosis, and migrated five-fold faster than the control, in concordance with the low rate of migration exhibited by Ehvps23-knocked down trophozoites. In addition, Neo-EhVps23 trophozoites produced dramatic liver abscesses in experimental animals. In conclusion, our results showed that EhVps23 overexpression gave to the trophozoites characteristics that resemble cancer cells, such as increased cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. The mutant that overexpresses EhVps23 can be a good study model to explore different events related to the transformation of malignant cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ausencio Galindo
- Departamento de Infectómica y Patogénesis Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN), Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Rosario Javier-Reyna
- Departamento de Infectómica y Patogénesis Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN), Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Guillermina García-Rivera
- Departamento de Infectómica y Patogénesis Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN), Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Cecilia Bañuelos
- Programa Transdisciplinario en Desarrollo Científico y Tecnológico para la Sociedad, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN), Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Bibiana Chávez-Munguía
- Departamento de Infectómica y Patogénesis Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN), Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Lizbeth Salazar-Villatoro
- Departamento de Infectómica y Patogénesis Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN), Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Esther Orozco
- Departamento de Infectómica y Patogénesis Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN), Ciudad de México, Mexico
- *Correspondence: Esther Orozco,
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12
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Bi X, Liu W, Ding X, Liang S, Zheng Y, Zhu X, Quan S, Yi X, Xiang N, Du J, Lyu H, Yu D, Zhang C, Xu L, Ge W, Zhan X, He J, Xiong Z, Zhang S, Li Y, Xu P, Zhu G, Wang D, Zhu H, Chen S, Li J, Zhao H, Zhu Y, Liu H, Xu J, Shen B, Guo T. Proteomic and metabolomic profiling of urine uncovers immune responses in patients with COVID-19. Cell Rep 2022; 38:110271. [PMID: 35026155 PMCID: PMC8712267 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.110271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The utility of the urinary proteome in infectious diseases remains unclear. Here, we analyzed the proteome and metabolome of urine and serum samples from patients with COVID-19 and healthy controls. Our data show that urinary proteins effectively classify COVID-19 by severity. We detect 197 cytokines and their receptors in urine, but only 124 in serum using TMT-based proteomics. The decrease in urinary ESCRT complex proteins correlates with active SARS-CoV-2 replication. The downregulation of urinary CXCL14 in severe COVID-19 cases positively correlates with blood lymphocyte counts. Integrative multiomics analysis suggests that innate immune activation and inflammation triggered renal injuries in patients with COVID-19. COVID-19-associated modulation of the urinary proteome offers unique insights into the pathogenesis of this disease. This study demonstrates the added value of including the urinary proteome in a suite of multiomics analytes in evaluating the immune pathobiology and clinical course of COVID-19 and, potentially, other infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojie Bi
- Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Structural Biology of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Center for Infectious Disease Research, Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Westlake Omics (Hangzhou) Biotechnology, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Xuan Ding
- Key Laboratory of Structural Biology of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Center for Infectious Disease Research, Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shuang Liang
- Key Laboratory of Structural Biology of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Center for Infectious Disease Research, Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yufen Zheng
- Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaoli Zhu
- Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, Zhejiang, China
| | - Sheng Quan
- Calibra Lab at DIAN Diagnostics, 329 Jinpeng Street, Hangzhou 310030, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xiao Yi
- Key Laboratory of Structural Biology of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Center for Infectious Disease Research, Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Westlake Omics (Hangzhou) Biotechnology, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Nan Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Structural Biology of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Center for Infectious Disease Research, Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Westlake Omics (Hangzhou) Biotechnology, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Juping Du
- Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, Zhejiang, China
| | - Haiyan Lyu
- Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, Zhejiang, China
| | - Die Yu
- Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Calibra Lab at DIAN Diagnostics, 329 Jinpeng Street, Hangzhou 310030, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Luang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Structural Biology of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Center for Infectious Disease Research, Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Weigang Ge
- Westlake Omics (Hangzhou) Biotechnology, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Xinke Zhan
- Westlake Omics (Hangzhou) Biotechnology, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Jiale He
- Key Laboratory of Structural Biology of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Center for Infectious Disease Research, Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zi Xiong
- Hwa Mei Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shun Zhang
- Hwa Mei Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yanchang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Research Unit of Proteomics & Research and Development of New Drug of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Ping Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Research Unit of Proteomics & Research and Development of New Drug of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Guangjun Zhu
- Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, Zhejiang, China
| | - Donglian Wang
- Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hongguo Zhu
- Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shiyong Chen
- Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jun Li
- Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, Zhejiang, China
| | - Haihong Zhao
- Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yi Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Structural Biology of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Center for Infectious Disease Research, Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Huafen Liu
- Calibra Lab at DIAN Diagnostics, 329 Jinpeng Street, Hangzhou 310030, Zhejiang Province, China.
| | - Jiaqin Xu
- Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Bo Shen
- Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Tiannan Guo
- Key Laboratory of Structural Biology of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Center for Infectious Disease Research, Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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13
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Gulluni F, Prever L, Li H, Krafcikova P, Corrado I, Lo WT, Margaria JP, Chen A, De Santis MC, Cnudde SJ, Fogerty J, Yuan A, Massarotti A, Sarijalo NT, Vadas O, Williams RL, Thelen M, Powell DR, Schüler M, Wiesener MS, Balla T, Baris HN, Tiosano D, McDermott BM, Perkins BD, Ghigo A, Martini M, Haucke V, Boura E, Merlo GR, Buchner DA, Hirsch E. PI(3,4)P2-mediated cytokinetic abscission prevents early senescence and cataract formation. Science 2021; 374:eabk0410. [PMID: 34882480 PMCID: PMC7612254 DOI: 10.1126/science.abk0410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Cytokinetic membrane abscission is a spatially and temporally regulated process that requires ESCRT (endosomal sorting complexes required for transport)–dependent control of membrane remodeling at the midbody, a subcellular organelle that defines the cleavage site. Alteration of ESCRT function can lead to cataract, but the underlying mechanism and its relation to cytokinesis are unclear. We found a lens-specific cytokinetic process that required PI3K-C2α (phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit type 2α), its lipid product PI(3,4)P2 (phosphatidylinositol 3,4-bisphosphate), and the PI(3,4)P2–binding ESCRT-II subunit VPS36 (vacuolar protein-sorting-associated protein 36). Loss of each of these components led to impaired cytokinesis, triggering premature senescence in the lens of fish, mice, and humans. Thus, an evolutionarily conserved pathway underlies the cell type–specific control of cytokinesis that helps to prevent early onset cataract by protecting from senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Gulluni
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Torino, 10126, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Prever
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Torino, 10126, Italy
| | - Huayi Li
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Torino, 10126, Italy
| | - Petra Krafcikova
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Praha, Czech Republic
| | - Ilaria Corrado
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Torino, 10126, Italy
| | - Wen-Ting Lo
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jean Piero Margaria
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Torino, 10126, Italy
| | - Anlu Chen
- Department of Biochemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Maria Chiara De Santis
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Torino, 10126, Italy
| | - Sophie J. Cnudde
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Torino, 10126, Italy
| | - Joseph Fogerty
- Department of Ophthalmic Research, Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Alex Yuan
- Department of Ophthalmic Research, Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Alberto Massarotti
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi del Piemonte Orientale, “A. Avogadro”, Largo Donegani 2, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Nasrin Torabi Sarijalo
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Oscar Vadas
- Section des Sciences Pharmaceutiques, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Roger L. Williams
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Marcus Thelen
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - David R. Powell
- Pharmaceutical Biology, Lexicon Pharmaceuticals, The Woodlands, TX 77381, USA
| | - Markus Schüler
- Division of Nephrology and Internal Intensive Care Medicine, Charite University, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael S. Wiesener
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Tamas Balla
- Section on Molecular Signal Transduction, Program for Developmental Neuroscience, Eunice Kennedy Shriver NICHD, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Hagit N. Baris
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Ruth Children's Hospital, Rambam Medical Center, Haifa 30196, Israel
| | - Dov Tiosano
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Ruth Children's Hospital, Rambam Medical Center, Haifa 30196, Israel
- Rappaport Family Faculty of Medicine, Technion - –Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 30196, Israel
| | - Brian M. McDermott
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Brian D. Perkins
- Department of Biochemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Alessandra Ghigo
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Torino, 10126, Italy
| | - Miriam Martini
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Torino, 10126, Italy
| | - Volker Haucke
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), 13125 Berlin, Germany
- Freie Universität Berlin, Faculty of Biology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Evzen Boura
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Praha, Czech Republic
| | - Giorgio Roberto Merlo
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Torino, 10126, Italy
| | - David A. Buchner
- Department of Biochemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- Department of Ophthalmic Research, Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Emilio Hirsch
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Torino, 10126, Italy
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14
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Adding Some "Splice" to Stress Eating: Autophagy, ESCRT and Alternative Splicing Orchestrate the Cellular Stress Response. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12081196. [PMID: 34440370 PMCID: PMC8393842 DOI: 10.3390/genes12081196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a widely studied self-renewal pathway that is essential for degrading damaged cellular organelles or recycling biomolecules to maintain cellular homeostasis, particularly under cellular stress. This pathway initiates with formation of an autophagosome, which is a double-membrane structure that envelopes cytosolic components and fuses with a lysosome to facilitate degradation of the contents. The endosomal sorting complexes required for transport (ESCRT) proteins play an integral role in controlling autophagosome fusion events and disruption to this machinery leads to autophagosome accumulation. Given the central role of autophagy in maintaining cellular health, it is unsurprising that dysfunction of this process is associated with many human maladies including cancer and neurodegenerative diseases. The cell can also rapidly respond to cellular stress through alternative pre-mRNA splicing that enables adaptive changes to the cell's proteome in response to stress. Thus, alternative pre-mRNA splicing of genes that are involved in autophagy adds another layer of complexity to the cell's stress response. Consequently, the dysregulation of alternative splicing of genes associated with autophagy and ESCRT may also precipitate disease states by either reducing the ability of the cell to respond to stress or triggering a maladaptive response that is pathogenic. In this review, we summarize the diverse roles of the ESCRT machinery and alternative splicing in regulating autophagy and how their dysfunction can have implications for human disease.
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15
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Tseng CC, Dean S, Davies BA, Azmi IF, Pashkova N, Payne JA, Staffenhagen J, West M, Piper RC, Odorizzi G, Katzmann DJ. Bro1 stimulates Vps4 to promote intralumenal vesicle formation during multivesicular body biogenesis. J Cell Biol 2021; 220:212434. [PMID: 34160559 PMCID: PMC8240856 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202102070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Endosomal sorting complexes required for transport (ESCRT-0, -I, -II, -III) execute cargo sorting and intralumenal vesicle (ILV) formation during conversion of endosomes to multivesicular bodies (MVBs). The AAA-ATPase Vps4 regulates the ESCRT-III polymer to facilitate membrane remodeling and ILV scission during MVB biogenesis. Here, we show that the conserved V domain of ESCRT-associated protein Bro1 (the yeast homologue of mammalian proteins ALIX and HD-PTP) directly stimulates Vps4. This activity is required for MVB cargo sorting. Furthermore, the Bro1 V domain alone supports Vps4/ESCRT–driven ILV formation in vivo without efficient MVB cargo sorting. These results reveal a novel activity of the V domains of Bro1 homologues in licensing ESCRT-III–dependent ILV formation and suggest a role in coordinating cargo sorting with membrane remodeling during MVB sorting. Moreover, ubiquitin binding enhances V domain stimulation of Vps4 to promote ILV formation via the Bro1–Vps4–ESCRT-III axis, uncovering a novel role for ubiquitin during MVB biogenesis in addition to facilitating cargo recognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Che Tseng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN.,Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Shirley Dean
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN.,Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Brian A Davies
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Ishara F Azmi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN.,Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Natalya Pashkova
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - Johanna A Payne
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | | | - Matt West
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO
| | - Robert C Piper
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - Greg Odorizzi
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO
| | - David J Katzmann
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN.,Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
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16
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Bano S, Tandon S, Tandon C. Emerging role of exosomes in arterial and renal calcification. Hum Exp Toxicol 2021; 40:1385-1402. [PMID: 33739177 DOI: 10.1177/09603271211001122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Exosomes are small, cell-derived vesicles of 30-100 nm that participate in cell-to-cell communication. They are released by many cells, such as dendritic cells (DC), lymphocytes, platelets, epithelial cells, endothelial cells (EC), and are found in most body fluids, including blood, saliva, urine, and breast milk. The exosomes released from cells within the cardiovascular system may contain either inhibitors of calcification in normal physiological conditions or promoters in the pathological environment [atherosclerosis (AS), and Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD)]. The exosomes of the vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) are novel players in vascular repair processes and calcification. Several studies have shown that the cytoplasmic contents of exosomes are rich in a variety of proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids. Currently, exosomal micro RNAs and proteins are increasingly being recognized as biomarkers for the diagnosis of several diseases, including those of kidney and liver, as well as different types of cancer. In this review, we summarize recent advances in the role of exosomes in vascular calcification and their potential applications as diagnostic markers as well as a brief overview of the role of stem cell-derived exosomes in cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shumaila Bano
- 531065Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Simran Tandon
- Amity Institute of Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, 77282Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Chanderdeep Tandon
- 531065Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
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17
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Horváth P, Müller-Reichert T. A Structural View on ESCRT-Mediated Abscission. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:586880. [PMID: 33240884 PMCID: PMC7680848 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.586880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT) mediates cellular processes that are related to membrane remodeling, such as multivesicular body (MVB) formation, viral budding and cytokinesis. Abscission is the final stage of cytokinesis that results in the physical separation of the newly formed two daughter cells. Although abscission has been investigated for decades, there are still fundamental open questions related to the spatio-temporal organization of the molecular machinery involved in this process. Reviewing knowledge obtained from in vitro as well as in vivo experiments, we give a brief overview on the role of ESCRT components in abscission mainly focussing on mammalian cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Péter Horváth
- Experimental Center, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Thomas Müller-Reichert
- Experimental Center, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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18
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Romano E, Netti PA, Torino E. Exosomes in Gliomas: Biogenesis, Isolation, and Preliminary Applications in Nanomedicine. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2020; 13:ph13100319. [PMID: 33086616 PMCID: PMC7603361 DOI: 10.3390/ph13100319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are phospholipid-based particles endogenously produced by both normal and tumor cells. Initially identified as a pathway for shuttling cellular waste, for a long time they were thought to act as “garbage bags”, and only in the past few years have they emerged as a promising drug delivery system. In this review, we provide an overview of the knowledge about exosome architecture and biogenesis and the recent progress in isolation methods. Furthermore, we describe the mechanisms involved in both extra- and intracellular communication with a focus on glioma brain tumors. Glioma is considered a rare disease and is the most prominent aggressive brain malignancy. How exosomes target glial tumoral cells in vivo remains largely unknown. However, they are able to influence numerous physio-pathological aspects. Here, we discuss the role they play in this heterogeneous and complex microenvironment and their potential applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugenia Romano
- Department of Chemical, Materials Engineering & Industrial Production, University of Naples Federico II, Piazzale Tecchio 80, 80125 Naples, Italy; (E.R.); (P.A.N.)
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biomaterials, CRIB, Piazzale Tecchio 80, 80125 Naples, Italy
- Center for Advanced Biomaterials for Health Care, CABHC, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, IIT@CRIB, Largo Barsanti e Matteucci 53, 80125 Naples, Italy
| | - Paolo Antonio Netti
- Department of Chemical, Materials Engineering & Industrial Production, University of Naples Federico II, Piazzale Tecchio 80, 80125 Naples, Italy; (E.R.); (P.A.N.)
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biomaterials, CRIB, Piazzale Tecchio 80, 80125 Naples, Italy
- Center for Advanced Biomaterials for Health Care, CABHC, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, IIT@CRIB, Largo Barsanti e Matteucci 53, 80125 Naples, Italy
| | - Enza Torino
- Department of Chemical, Materials Engineering & Industrial Production, University of Naples Federico II, Piazzale Tecchio 80, 80125 Naples, Italy; (E.R.); (P.A.N.)
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biomaterials, CRIB, Piazzale Tecchio 80, 80125 Naples, Italy
- Center for Advanced Biomaterials for Health Care, CABHC, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, IIT@CRIB, Largo Barsanti e Matteucci 53, 80125 Naples, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-328-955-8158
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19
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Chaigne A, Labouesse C, White IJ, Agnew M, Hannezo E, Chalut KJ, Paluch EK. Abscission Couples Cell Division to Embryonic Stem Cell Fate. Dev Cell 2020; 55:195-208.e5. [PMID: 32979313 PMCID: PMC7594744 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2020.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Cell fate transitions are key to development and homeostasis. It is thus essential to understand the cellular mechanisms controlling fate transitions. Cell division has been implicated in fate decisions in many stem cell types, including neuronal and epithelial progenitors. In other stem cells, such as embryonic stem (ES) cells, the role of division remains unclear. Here, we show that exit from naive pluripotency in mouse ES cells generally occurs after a division. We further show that exit timing is strongly correlated between sister cells, which remain connected by cytoplasmic bridges long after division, and that bridge abscission progressively accelerates as cells exit naive pluripotency. Finally, interfering with abscission impairs naive pluripotency exit, and artificially inducing abscission accelerates it. Altogether, our data indicate that a switch in the division machinery leading to faster abscission regulates pluripotency exit. Our study identifies abscission as a key cellular process coupling cell division to fate transitions. Mouse embryonic stem cells exit naive pluripotency after mitosis Naive embryonic stem cells display slow abscission and remain connected by bridges Cells exiting naive pluripotency display faster abscission Accelerating abscission facilitates exit from naive pluripotency
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Affiliation(s)
- Agathe Chaigne
- MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK.
| | - Céline Labouesse
- Wellcome/MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK
| | - Ian J White
- MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Meghan Agnew
- MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Edouard Hannezo
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, Klosterneuburg 3400, Austria
| | - Kevin J Chalut
- Wellcome/MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK
| | - Ewa K Paluch
- MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK; Wellcome/MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK; Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3DY, UK.
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20
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Abstract
Exosomes are cell-derived nano-sized, phospholipid vehicles that function to transport prodigious amounts of bioactive molecules to specific recipient tissues. Several hallmarks of cancer are impacted by this exosome-mediated cell-to-cell communication, including, remodeling the architecture of the extracellular matrix, endowing cancer cells with characteristics of drug resistance, or even modulating immune responses. Owing to their immunomodulatory potential and endogenous functionalities, exosomes may also be exploited in various innovative immunological approaches to activate adaptive and innate immune effector cells to mount an effective anticancer immunosurveillance. The review highlights the recent advances in state-of-the-art technologies and protocols for using exosomes as an effective and promising application for cancer immunotherapy.
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21
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Makler A, Asghar W. Exosomal biomarkers for cancer diagnosis and patient monitoring. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2020; 20:387-400. [PMID: 32067543 PMCID: PMC7071954 DOI: 10.1080/14737159.2020.1731308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: In recent years, extensive research has been conducted on using exosomes as biomarkers for cancer detection. Exosomes are 40-150 nm-sized extracellular vesicles released by all cell types, including tumor cells. Exosomes are stable in body fluids due to their lipid bilayer member and often contain DNA, RNA, and proteins. These exosomes can be harvested from blood, plasma, serum, urine, or saliva and analyzed for tumor-relevant mutations. Thus, exosomes provide an alternative to current methods of tumor detection.Areas covered: This review discusses the use of exosomal diagnostics in various tumor types as well as their examination in various clinical trials. The authors also discuss the limitations of exosome-based diagnostics in the clinical setting and provide examples of several studies in which the development and usage of microfluidic chips and nano-sensing devices have been utilized to address these obstacles.Expert commentary: In recent years, exosomes and their contents have exhibited potential as novel tumor detection markers despite the labor involved in their harvest and isolation. Despite this, much work is being done to optimize exosome capture and analysis. Thus, their roles as biomarkers in the clinical setting appear promising.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Makler
- Asghar-Lab, Micro and Nanotechnology in Medicine, College of Engineering and Computer Science, Boca Raton, FL 33431
- Department of Biomedical Science, Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL 33431
| | - Waseem Asghar
- Asghar-Lab, Micro and Nanotechnology in Medicine, College of Engineering and Computer Science, Boca Raton, FL 33431
- Department of Computer & Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL 33431
- Department of Biological Sciences (courtesy appointment), Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL 33431
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22
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Zuck M, Hybiske K. The Chlamydia trachomatis Extrusion Exit Mechanism Is Regulated by Host Abscission Proteins. Microorganisms 2019; 7:microorganisms7050149. [PMID: 31130662 PMCID: PMC6560402 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms7050149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The cellular exit strategies of intracellular pathogens have a direct impact on microbial dissemination, transmission, and engagement of immune responses of the host. Chlamydia exit their host via a budding mechanism called extrusion, which offers protective benefits to Chlamydia as they navigate their extracellular environment. Many intracellular pathogens co-opt cellular abscission machinery to facilitate cell exit, which is utilized to perform scission of two newly formed daughter cells following mitosis. Similar to viral budding exit strategies, we hypothesize that an abscission-like mechanism is required to physically sever the chlamydial extrusion from the host cell, co-opting the membrane fission activities of the endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT) family of proteins that are necessary for cellular scission events, including abscission. To test this, C. trachomatis L2-infected HeLa cells were depleted of key abscission machinery proteins charged multivesicle body protein 4b (CHMP4B), ALIX, centrosome protein 55 (CEP55), or vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 4A (VPS4A), using RNA interference (RNAi). Over 50% reduction in extrusion formation was achieved by depletion of CHMP4B, VPS4A, and ALIX, but no effect on extrusion was observed with CEP55 depletion. These results demonstrate a role for abscission machinery in C. trachomatis extrusion from the host cell, with ALIX, VPS4A and CHMP4B playing key functional roles in optimal extrusion release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghan Zuck
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Center for Emerging and Reemerging Infectious Disease (CERID), University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunity, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
| | - Kevin Hybiske
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Center for Emerging and Reemerging Infectious Disease (CERID), University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.
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23
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Xie Q, Chen A, Zhang Y, Zhang C, Hu Y, Luo Z, Wang B, Yun Y, Zhou J, Li G, Wang Z. ESCRT-III accessory proteins regulate fungal development and plant infection in Fusarium graminearum. Curr Genet 2019; 65:1041-1055. [PMID: 30927052 DOI: 10.1007/s00294-019-00949-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Revised: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Ubiquitinated biosynthetic and surface proteins destined for degradation are sorted into the lysosome/vacuole via the multivesicular body sorting pathway, which depends on the function of ESCRT machinery. Fusarium head blight (FHB) caused by Fusarium graminearum is one of the most devastating diseases for wheat and barley worldwide. To better understand the role of ESCRT machinery in F. graminearum, we investigated the function of ESCRT-III accessory proteins FgVps60, FgDid2 and FgIst1 in this study. FgVps60-GFP, FgDid2-GFP and FgIst1-GFP are localized to punctate structures adjacent to the vacuolar membrane except for FgIst1-GFP that is also found in the nucleus. Then, the gene deletion mutants ΔFgvps60, ΔFgdid2 and ΔFgist1 displayed defective growth to a different extent. ΔFgvps60 and ΔFgdid2 but not ΔFgist1 also showed significant reduction in hydrophobicity on cell surface, conidiation, perithecia production and virulence. Interestingly, ΔFgist1 mutant produced a significantly higher level of DON while showing a minor reduction in pathogenicity. Microscopic analyses revealed that FgVps60 but not FgIst1 and FgDid2 is necessary for endocytosis. Moreover, spontaneous mutations were identified in the ΔFgvps60 mutant that partially rescued its defects in growth and conidiation. Taken together, we conclude that ESCRT-III accessory proteins play critical roles in growth, reproduction and plant infection in F. graminearum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiurong Xie
- Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology of Education Ministry, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, 350002, Fuzhou, China.,Key Laboratory for Plant-Microbe Interaction, School of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, 350002, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ahai Chen
- Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology of Education Ministry, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, 350002, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yunzhi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology of Education Ministry, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, 350002, Fuzhou, China
| | - Chengkang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology of Education Ministry, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, 350002, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yanpei Hu
- Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology of Education Ministry, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, 350002, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zenghong Luo
- Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology of Education Ministry, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, 350002, Fuzhou, China
| | - Baohua Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology of Education Ministry, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, 350002, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yingzi Yun
- Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology of Education Ministry, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, 350002, Fuzhou, China. .,Key Laboratory for Plant-Microbe Interaction, School of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, 350002, Fuzhou, China.
| | - Jie Zhou
- Key Laboratory for Plant-Microbe Interaction, School of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, 350002, Fuzhou, China.
| | - Guangpu Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 73104, Oklahoma City, OK, USA. .,Peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 73104, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.
| | - Zonghua Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology of Education Ministry, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, 350002, Fuzhou, China. .,Key Laboratory for Plant-Microbe Interaction, School of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, 350002, Fuzhou, China. .,Institute of Oceanography, Minjiang University, 350108, Fuzhou, China.
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24
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Xie Q, Chen A, Zhang Y, Yuan M, Xie W, Zhang C, Zheng W, Wang Z, Li G, Zhou J. Component Interaction of ESCRT Complexes Is Essential for Endocytosis-Dependent Growth, Reproduction, DON Production and Full Virulence in Fusarium graminearum. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:180. [PMID: 30809208 PMCID: PMC6379464 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Multivesicular bodies (MVBs) are critical intermediates in the trafficking of ubiquitinated endocytosed surface proteins to the lysosome/vacuole for destruction. Recognizing and packaging ubiquitin modified cargoes to the MVB pathway require ESCRT (Endosomal sorting complexes required for transport) machinery, which consists of four core subcomplexes, ESCRT-0, ESCRT-I, ESCRT-II, and ESCRT-III. Fusarium graminearum is an important plant pathogen that causes head blight of major cereal crops. Our previous results showed that ESCRT-0 is essential for fungal development and pathogenicity in Fusarium graminearum. We then, in this study, systemically studied the protein-protein interactions within F. graminearum ESCRT-I, -II or -III complex, as well as between ESCRT-0 and ESCRT-I, ESCRT-I and ESCRT-II, and ESCRT-II and ESCRT-III complexes and found that loss of any ESCRT component resulted in abnormal function in endocytosis. In addition, ESCRT deletion mutants displayed severe defects in growth, deoxynivalenol (DON) production, virulence, sexual, and asexual reproduction. Importantly genetic complementation with corresponding ESCRT genes fully rescued all these defective phenotypes, indicating the essential role of ESCRT machinery in fungal development and plant infection in F. graminearum. Taken together, the protein-protein interactome and biological functions of the ESCRT machinery is first profoundly characterized in F. graminearum, providing a foundation for further exploration of ESCRT machinery in filamentous fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiurong Xie
- Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology of Education Ministry, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian University Key Laboratory for Plant-Microbe Interaction, School of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ahai Chen
- Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology of Education Ministry, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian University Key Laboratory for Plant-Microbe Interaction, School of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yunzhi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology of Education Ministry, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian University Key Laboratory for Plant-Microbe Interaction, School of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Mingyue Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology of Education Ministry, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian University Key Laboratory for Plant-Microbe Interaction, School of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Wei Xie
- Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology of Education Ministry, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian University Key Laboratory for Plant-Microbe Interaction, School of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Chengkang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology of Education Ministry, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian University Key Laboratory for Plant-Microbe Interaction, School of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Wenhui Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology of Education Ministry, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian University Key Laboratory for Plant-Microbe Interaction, School of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zonghua Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology of Education Ministry, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Institute of Oceanography, Minjiang University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Guangpu Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
- Peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Jie Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology of Education Ministry, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian University Key Laboratory for Plant-Microbe Interaction, School of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
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25
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Kumar G, Ramakrishnan N, Sain A. Tubulation pattern of membrane vesicles coated with biofilaments. Phys Rev E 2019; 99:022414. [PMID: 30934309 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.99.022414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Narrow membrane tubes are commonly pulled out from the surface of phospholipid vesicles using forces applied either through laser or magnetic tweezers or through the action of processive motor proteins. Recent examples have emerged in which an array of such tubes grows spontaneously from vesicles coated with bioactive cytoskeletal filaments (e.g., FtsZ, microtubule) in the presence GTP or ATP. We show how a soft vesicle deforms as a result of the interplay between its topology, local curvature, and the forces due to filament bundles. We present results from dynamically triangulated Monte Carlo simulations of a closed membrane vesicle coated with a nematic field (the filaments), and we show how the intrinsic curvature of the filaments and their bundling interactions drive membrane tubulation. We predict interesting patterns consisting of a large number of nematic defects that accompany tubulation. A common theme emerges: defect locations on vesicle surfaces are hot spots of membrane deformation activity, which could be useful for vesicle origami. Although our equilibrium model is not applicable to the nonequilibrium shape dynamics exhibited by active microtubule-coated vesicles, we show that some of the features, such as the size-dependent vesicle shape and the number of tubes, can still be understood from our equilibrium model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav Kumar
- Physics Department, Indian Institute of Technology-Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - N Ramakrishnan
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Anirban Sain
- Physics Department, Indian Institute of Technology-Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
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26
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Gireud-Goss M, Reyes S, Wilson M, Farley M, Memarzadeh K, Srinivasan S, Sirisaengtaksin N, Yamashita S, Tsunoda S, Lang FF, Waxham MN, Bean AJ. Distinct mechanisms enable inward or outward budding from late endosomes/multivesicular bodies. Exp Cell Res 2018; 372:1-15. [PMID: 30144444 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2018.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Revised: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Regulating the residence time of membrane proteins on the cell surface can modify their response to extracellular cues and allow for cellular adaptation in response to changing environmental conditions. The fate of membrane proteins that are internalized from the plasma membrane and arrive at the limiting membrane of the late endosome/multivesicular body (MVB) is dictated by whether they remain on the limiting membrane, bud into internal MVB vesicles, or bud outwardly from the membrane. The molecular details underlying the disposition of membrane proteins that transit this pathway and the mechanisms regulating these trafficking events are unclear. We established a cell-free system that reconstitutes budding of membrane protein cargo into internal MVB vesicles and onto vesicles that bud outwardly from the MVB membrane. Both budding reactions are cytosol-dependent and supported by Saccharomyces cerevisiae (yeast) cytosol. We observed that inward and outward budding from the MVB membrane are mechanistically distinct but may be linked, such that inhibition of inward budding triggers a re-routing of cargo from inward to outward budding vesicles, without affecting the number of vesicles that bud outwardly from MVBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Gireud-Goss
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, McGovern Medical School at The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA; The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Sahily Reyes
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, McGovern Medical School at The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA; The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Marenda Wilson
- The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Madeline Farley
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, McGovern Medical School at The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA; The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Kimiya Memarzadeh
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, McGovern Medical School at The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA; The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | | | - Natalie Sirisaengtaksin
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, McGovern Medical School at The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA; The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Shinji Yamashita
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Susan Tsunoda
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA.
| | - Frederick F Lang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - M Neal Waxham
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, McGovern Medical School at The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Andrew J Bean
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, McGovern Medical School at The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Biochemistry and Cell Biology, McGovern Medical School at The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA; The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Pediatrics, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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27
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Concerted ESCRT and clathrin recruitment waves define the timing and morphology of intraluminal vesicle formation. Nat Commun 2018; 9:2932. [PMID: 30050131 PMCID: PMC6062606 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-05345-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT) machinery mediates cargo sorting, membrane deformation and membrane scission on the surface of endosomes, generating intraluminal vesicles (ILVs) to degrade signaling receptors. By live-cell imaging of individual endosomes in human cells, we find that ESCRT proteins are recruited in a repetitive pattern: ESCRT-0 and -I show a gradual and linear recruitment and dissociation, whereas ESCRT-III and its regulatory ATPase VPS4 display fast and transient dynamics. Electron microscopy shows that ILVs are formed consecutively, starting immediately after endocytic uptake of cargo proteins and correlating with the repeated ESCRT recruitment waves, unraveling the timing of ILV formation. Clathrin, recruited by ESCRT-0, is required for timely ESCRT-0 dissociation, efficient ILV formation, correct ILV size and cargo degradation. Thus, cargo sorting and ILV formation occur by concerted, coordinated and repetitive recruitment waves of individual ESCRT subcomplexes and are controlled by clathrin. Intraluminal vesicles are formed by the endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT) machinery. Here, the authors unravel the timing of vesicle budding, and that endosomal clathrin regulates concerted recruitment of ESCRT subcomplexes, required for efficient membrane remodeling.
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28
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29
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Parchure A, Vyas N, Mayor S. Wnt and Hedgehog: Secretion of Lipid-Modified Morphogens. Trends Cell Biol 2018; 28:157-170. [PMID: 29132729 PMCID: PMC6941938 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2017.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Revised: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Morphogens are signaling molecules produced by a localized source, specifying cell fate in a graded manner. The source secretes morphogens into the extracellular milieu to activate various target genes in an autocrine or paracrine manner. Here we describe various secreted forms of two canonical morphogens, the lipid-anchored Hedgehog (Hh) and Wnts, indicating the involvement of multiple carriers in the transport of these morphogens. These different extracellular secreted forms are likely to have distinct functions. Here we evaluate newly identified mechanisms that morphogens use to traverse the required distance to activate discrete paracrine signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anup Parchure
- National Centre for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research and Institute for Stem Cell Science and Regenerative Medicine, Bangalore 560065, India; Current address: Department of Neurobiology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USA
| | - Neha Vyas
- St John's Research Institute, St John's National Academy of Health Sciences, Bangalore 560034, India.
| | - Satyajit Mayor
- National Centre for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research and Institute for Stem Cell Science and Regenerative Medicine, Bangalore 560065, India.
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30
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HIV internalization into oral and genital epithelial cells by endocytosis and macropinocytosis leads to viral sequestration in the vesicles. Virology 2017; 515:92-107. [PMID: 29277006 PMCID: PMC5823522 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2017.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Revised: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Recently, we showed that HIV-1 is sequestered, i.e., trapped, in the intracellular vesicles of oral and genital epithelial cells. Here, we investigated the mechanisms of HIV-1 sequestration in vesicles of polarized tonsil, foreskin and cervical epithelial cells. HIV-1 internalization into epithelial cells is initiated by multiple entry pathways, including clathrin-, caveolin/lipid raft-associated endocytosis and macropinocytosis. Inhibition of HIV-1 attachment to galactosylceramide and heparan sulfate proteoglycans, and virus endocytosis and macropinocytosis reduced HIV-1 sequestration by 30-40%. T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain 1 (TIM-1) were expressed on the apical surface of polarized tonsil, cervical and foreskin epithelial cells. However, TIM-1-associated HIV-1 macropinocytosis and sequestration were detected mostly in tonsil epithelial cells. Sequestered HIV-1 was resistant to trypsin, pronase, and soluble CD4, indicating that the sequestered virus was intracellular. Inhibition of HIV-1 intraepithelial sequestration and elimination of vesicles containing virus in the mucosal epithelium may help in the prevention of HIV-1 mucosal transmission.
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31
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Saha N, Dutta S, Datta SP, Sarkar S. The minimal ESCRT machinery of Giardia lamblia has altered inter-subunit interactions within the ESCRT-II and ESCRT-III complexes. Eur J Cell Biol 2017; 97:44-62. [PMID: 29224850 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2017.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Revised: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The ESCRT pathway functions at different subcellular membranes to induce their negative curvature, and it has been largely characterized in model eukaryotes belonging to Opisthokonta. But searches of the genomes of many nonopisthokonts belonging to various supergroups indicate that some of them may harbour fewer ESCRT components. Of the genomes explored thus far, one of the most minimal set of ESCRT components was identified in the human pathogen Giardia lamblia, which belongs to Excavata. Here we report that an ESCRT-mediated pathway most likely operates at the peripheral vesicles, which are located at the cell periphery and the bare zone of this protist. Functional comparison of all the identified putative giardial ESCRT components, with the corresponding well-characterized orthologues from Saccharomyces cerevisiae, indicated that only some of the ESCRT components could functionally substitute for the corresponding yeast proteins. While GlVps25, GlVps2, and all three paralogues of GlVps4, tested positive in functional complementation assays, GlVps22, GlVps20, and GlVps24 did not. Binary interactions of either GlVps22 or GlVps25, with other ESCRT-II components from Giardia or yeast indicate that the giardial Vps36 orthologue is either completely missing or highly diverged. Interactions within the giardial ESCRT-III components also differ from those in yeast; while GlVps46a interacts preferentially with Vps24 compared to Vps2, GlVps46b, like the yeast orthologue, interacts with both.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabanita Saha
- Department of Biochemistry, Bose Institute, P 1/12 CIT Road Scheme VII M, Kolkata 700054, West Bengal, India.
| | - Somnath Dutta
- Department of Biochemistry, Bose Institute, P 1/12 CIT Road Scheme VII M, Kolkata 700054, West Bengal, India.
| | - Shankari P Datta
- Department of Biochemistry, Bose Institute, P 1/12 CIT Road Scheme VII M, Kolkata 700054, West Bengal, India.
| | - Srimonti Sarkar
- Department of Biochemistry, Bose Institute, P 1/12 CIT Road Scheme VII M, Kolkata 700054, West Bengal, India.
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32
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Strickland M, Ehrlich LS, Watanabe S, Khan M, Strub MP, Luan CH, Powell MD, Leis J, Tjandra N, Carter CA. Tsg101 chaperone function revealed by HIV-1 assembly inhibitors. Nat Commun 2017; 8:1391. [PMID: 29123089 PMCID: PMC5680296 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-01426-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
HIV-1 replication requires Tsg101, a component of cellular endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT) machinery. Tsg101 possesses an ubiquitin (Ub) E2 variant (UEV) domain with a pocket that can bind PT/SAP motifs and another pocket that can bind Ub. The PTAP motif in the viral structural precursor polyprotein, Gag, allows the recruitment of Tsg101 and other ESCRTs to virus assembly sites where they mediate budding. It is not known how or even whether the UEV Ub binding function contributes to virus production. Here, we report that disruption of UEV Ub binding by commonly used drugs arrests assembly at an early step distinct from the late stage involving PTAP binding disruption. NMR reveals that the drugs form a covalent adduct near the Ub-binding pocket leading to the disruption of Ub, but not PTAP binding. We conclude that the Ub-binding pocket has a chaperone function involved in bud initiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeleine Strickland
- Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Biochemistry and Biophysics Center, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Lorna S Ehrlich
- Department of Molecular Genetics & Microbiology, School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794-5222, USA
| | - Susan Watanabe
- Department of Molecular Genetics & Microbiology, School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794-5222, USA
| | - Mahfuz Khan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30310, USA
| | - Marie-Paule Strub
- Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Biochemistry and Biophysics Center, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Chi-Hao Luan
- High Throughput Analysis Laboratory and Department of Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Michael D Powell
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30310, USA
| | - Jonathan Leis
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Nico Tjandra
- Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Biochemistry and Biophysics Center, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
| | - Carol A Carter
- Department of Molecular Genetics & Microbiology, School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794-5222, USA.
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33
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Deubiquitylating enzymes in receptor endocytosis and trafficking. Biochem J 2017; 473:4507-4525. [PMID: 27941029 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20160826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Revised: 09/15/2016] [Accepted: 09/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
In recent times, our knowledge of the roles ubiquitin plays in multiple cellular processes has expanded exponentially, with one example being the role of ubiquitin in receptor endocytosis and trafficking. This has prompted a multitude of studies examining how the different machinery involved in the addition and removal of ubiquitin can influence this process. Multiple deubiquitylating enzymes (DUBs) have been implicated either in facilitating receptor endocytosis and lysosomal degradation or in rescuing receptor levels by preventing endocytosis and/or promoting recycling to the plasma membrane. In this review, we will discuss in detail what is currently known about the role of DUBs in regulating the endocytosis of various transmembrane receptors and ion channels. We will also expand upon the role DUBs play in receptor sorting at the multivesicular body to determine whether a receptor is recycled or trafficked to the lysosome for degradation. Finally, we will briefly discuss how the DUBs implicated in these processes may contribute to the pathogenesis of a range of diseases, and thus the potential these have as therapeutic targets.
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34
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Worst TS, Meyer Y, Gottschalt M, Weis CA, von Hardenberg J, Frank C, Steidler A, Michel MS, Erben P. RAB27A, RAB27B and VPS36 are downregulated in advanced prostate cancer and show functional relevance in prostate cancer cells. Int J Oncol 2017; 50:920-932. [PMID: 28197629 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2017.3872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Paracrine and long-range signaling via extracellular vesicles, such as exosomes and microvesicles, is deemed crucial for tumorigenesis, invasion and spread of solid tumors. The ESCRT machinery (endosomal sorting complexes required for transport) and Rab-proteins act as key players in vesicular trafficking and secretion. Yet, their role in prostate cancer (PCa) is unknown. Therefore, this study aimed to elucidate the relevance of these components in PCa. In silico reanalysis of genes with known involvement in vesicular trafficking and secretion in an existing microarray dataset revealed low expression of RAB27A, RAB27B and VPS36 to be predictive for reduced BCR-free survival in patients with localized PCa (p=0.033, 0.025 and 0.005). In the same microarray dataset underexpression of RAB27A, RAB27B and VPS36 was seen in distant metastases (p<0.001; p=0.003; p<0.001). This was consistent in two further microarray datasets. qRT-PCR-validation in two independent cohorts of PCa specimens (n=90) showed low expression of VPS36 in PCa tissue (p=0.023), especially in castration-resistant tumors (p=0.002). In all five datasets there were significant correlations between the expression of at least two of the candidates. Upon knockdown of VPS36 an increase of RAB27A and RAB27B expression, but not vice versa, was observed in both prostate and breast cancer cells (PC3, MDA-MB‑231). In PC3 cell knockdown of RAB27B and VPS36 dramatically reduced colony formation (-52.2%, p<0.001; -71.1%, p<0.001) and, controversial to reports in other tumor entities, increased the release of extracellular particles (+25.3%, p=0.014; +45.6%, p<0.001). Taken together RAB27A, RAB27B and VPS36 are frequently underexpressed in advanced PCa and are inversely correlated with PCa outcome. There seems to be a close relationship in the expression of RAB27A, RAB27B and VPS36, with RAB27A and RAB27B being dependent on VPS36. Changes in colony formation and particle release upon RNAi indicate an involvement in paracrine cell-cell communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Stefan Worst
- Department of Urology, Mannheim Medical Center, University of Heidelberg, D-68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Yannic Meyer
- Department of Urology, Mannheim Medical Center, University of Heidelberg, D-68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Maria Gottschalt
- Institute of Pathology, Mannheim Medical Center, University of Heidelberg, D-68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Cleo-Aron Weis
- Institute of Pathology, Mannheim Medical Center, University of Heidelberg, D-68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Jost von Hardenberg
- Department of Urology, Mannheim Medical Center, University of Heidelberg, D-68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Christine Frank
- Department of Urology, Mannheim Medical Center, University of Heidelberg, D-68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Annette Steidler
- Department of Urology, Mannheim Medical Center, University of Heidelberg, D-68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Maurice Stephan Michel
- Department of Urology, Mannheim Medical Center, University of Heidelberg, D-68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Philipp Erben
- Department of Urology, Mannheim Medical Center, University of Heidelberg, D-68167 Mannheim, Germany
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35
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Zempleni J, Aguilar-Lozano A, Sadri M, Sukreet S, Manca S, Wu D, Zhou F, Mutai E. Biological Activities of Extracellular Vesicles and Their Cargos from Bovine and Human Milk in Humans and Implications for Infants. J Nutr 2017; 147:3-10. [PMID: 27852870 PMCID: PMC5177735 DOI: 10.3945/jn.116.238949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2016] [Revised: 09/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) in milk harbor a variety of compounds, including lipids, proteins, noncoding RNAs, and mRNAs. Among the various classes of EVs, exosomes are of particular interest, because cargo sorting in exosomes is a regulated, nonrandom process and exosomes play essential roles in cell-to-cell communication. Encapsulation in exosomes confers protection against enzymatic and nonenzymatic degradation of cargos and provides a pathway for cellular uptake of cargos by endocytosis of exosomes. Compelling evidence suggests that exosomes in bovine milk are transported by intestinal cells, vascular endothelial cells, and macrophages in human and rodent cell cultures, and bovine-milk exosomes are delivered to peripheral tissues in mice. Evidence also suggests that cargos in bovine-milk exosomes, in particular RNAs, are delivered to circulating immune cells in humans. Some microRNAs and mRNAs in bovine-milk exosomes may regulate the expression of human genes and be translated into protein, respectively. Some exosome cargos are quantitatively minor in the diet compared with endogenous synthesis. However, noncanonical pathways have been identified through which low concentrations of dietary microRNAs may alter gene expression, such as the accumulation of exosomes in the immune cell microenvironment and the binding of microRNAs to Toll-like receptors. Phenotypes observed in infant-feeding studies include higher Mental Developmental Index, Psychomotor Development Index, and Preschool Language Scale-3 scores in breastfed infants than in those fed various formulas. In mice, supplementation with plant-derived MIR-2911 improved the antiviral response compared with controls. Porcine-milk exosomes promote the proliferation of intestinal cells in mice. This article discusses the above-mentioned advances in research concerning milk exosomes and their cargos in human nutrition. Implications for infant nutrition are emphasized, where permitted, but data in infants are limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janos Zempleni
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE
| | - Ana Aguilar-Lozano
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE
| | - Mahrou Sadri
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE
| | - Sonal Sukreet
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE
| | - Sonia Manca
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE
| | - Di Wu
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE
| | - Fang Zhou
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE
| | - Ezra Mutai
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE
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36
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Christ L, Raiborg C, Wenzel EM, Campsteijn C, Stenmark H. Cellular Functions and Molecular Mechanisms of the ESCRT Membrane-Scission Machinery. Trends Biochem Sci 2017; 42:42-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2016.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 300] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2016] [Revised: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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37
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Deshar R, Cho EB, Yoon SK, Yoon JB. CC2D1A and CC2D1B regulate degradation and signaling of EGFR and TLR4. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 480:280-287. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.10.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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38
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Majumder P, Chakrabarti O. ESCRTs and associated proteins in lysosomal fusion with endosomes and autophagosomes. Biochem Cell Biol 2016; 94:443-450. [PMID: 27701906 DOI: 10.1139/bcb-2016-0099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Endolysosomal and autophagosomal degradation pathways are highly connected at various levels, sharing multiple molecular effectors that modulate them individually or simultaneously. These two lysosomal degradative pathways are primarily involved in the disposal of cargo internalized from the cell surface or long-lived proteins or aggregates and aged organelles present in the cytosol. Both of these pathways involve a number of carefully regulated vesicular fusion events that are dependent on ESCRT proteins. The ESCRT proteins especially ESCRT-I and III participate in the regulation of fusion events between autophagosome/amphisome and lysosome. Along with these, a number of functionally diverse ESCRT associated and regulatory proteins such as, endosomal PtdIns (3) P 5-kinase Fab1, ALIX, mahogunin ring finger 1, atrogin 1, syntaxin 17, ATG12-ATG3 complex, and protein kinase CK2α are involved in fusion events in either or both the lysosomal degradative pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Majumder
- Biophysics and Structural Genomics Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, Kolkata, West Bengal 700064, India.,Biophysics and Structural Genomics Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, Kolkata, West Bengal 700064, India
| | - Oishee Chakrabarti
- Biophysics and Structural Genomics Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, Kolkata, West Bengal 700064, India.,Biophysics and Structural Genomics Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, Kolkata, West Bengal 700064, India
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39
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Schwenk BM, Hartmann H, Serdaroglu A, Schludi MH, Hornburg D, Meissner F, Orozco D, Colombo A, Tahirovic S, Michaelsen M, Schreiber F, Haupt S, Peitz M, Brüstle O, Küpper C, Klopstock T, Otto M, Ludolph AC, Arzberger T, Kuhn PH, Edbauer D. TDP-43 loss of function inhibits endosomal trafficking and alters trophic signaling in neurons. EMBO J 2016; 35:2350-2370. [PMID: 27621269 PMCID: PMC5090220 DOI: 10.15252/embj.201694221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 08/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuclear clearance of TDP-43 into cytoplasmic aggregates is a key driver of neurodegeneration in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD), but the mechanisms are unclear. Here, we show that TDP-43 knockdown specifically reduces the number and motility of RAB11-positive recycling endosomes in dendrites, while TDP-43 overexpression has the opposite effect. This is associated with delayed transferrin recycling in TDP-43-knockdown neurons and decreased β2-transferrin levels in patient CSF Whole proteome quantification identified the upregulation of the ESCRT component VPS4B upon TDP-43 knockdown in neurons. Luciferase reporter assays and chromatin immunoprecipitation suggest that TDP-43 represses VPS4B transcription. Preventing VPS4B upregulation or expression of its functional antagonist ALIX restores trafficking of recycling endosomes. Proteomic analysis revealed the broad reduction in surface expression of key receptors upon TDP-43 knockdown, including ErbB4, the neuregulin 1 receptor. TDP-43 knockdown delays the surface delivery of ErbB4. ErbB4 overexpression, but not neuregulin 1 stimulation, prevents dendrite loss upon TDP-43 knockdown. Thus, impaired recycling of ErbB4 and other receptors to the cell surface may contribute to TDP-43-induced neurodegeneration by blocking trophic signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin M Schwenk
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany.,Munich Cluster of Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | | | - Alperen Serdaroglu
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany.,Institute for Advanced Study Technische Universität München, München, Germany
| | - Martin H Schludi
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany.,Munich Cluster of Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | | | - Felix Meissner
- Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Denise Orozco
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany
| | - Alessio Colombo
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany
| | - Sabina Tahirovic
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany
| | - Meike Michaelsen
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany
| | | | | | - Michael Peitz
- Institute of Reconstructive Neurobiology University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Oliver Brüstle
- Institute of Reconstructive Neurobiology University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Clemens Küpper
- Munich Cluster of Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany.,Department of Neurology, Friedrich-Baur-Institute LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Klopstock
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany.,Munich Cluster of Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany.,Department of Neurology, Friedrich-Baur-Institute LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Markus Otto
- Department of Neurology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Thomas Arzberger
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany.,Center for Neuropathology and Prion Research, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Peer-Hendrik Kuhn
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany.,Institute for Advanced Study Technische Universität München, München, Germany.,Institut für Allgemeine Pathologie Klinikum rechts der Isar der Technischen Universität München, München, Germany
| | - Dieter Edbauer
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany .,Munich Cluster of Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany.,Institute for Metabolic Biochemistry LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
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40
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Campsteijn C, Vietri M, Stenmark H. Novel ESCRT functions in cell biology: spiraling out of control? Curr Opin Cell Biol 2016; 41:1-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2016.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Revised: 03/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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41
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Christ L, Wenzel EM, Liestøl K, Raiborg C, Campsteijn C, Stenmark H. ALIX and ESCRT-I/II function as parallel ESCRT-III recruiters in cytokinetic abscission. J Cell Biol 2016; 212:499-513. [PMID: 26929449 PMCID: PMC4772496 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201507009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytokinetic abscission, the final stage of cell division, is mediated by the ESCRT machinery. Here, Christ et al. dissect the regulation of ESCRT-III recruitment and abscission timing and identify an intersection with abscission checkpoint signaling in cells with chromatin bridges. Cytokinetic abscission, the final stage of cell division where the two daughter cells are separated, is mediated by the endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT) machinery. The ESCRT-III subunit CHMP4B is a key effector in abscission, whereas its paralogue, CHMP4C, is a component in the abscission checkpoint that delays abscission until chromatin is cleared from the intercellular bridge. How recruitment of these components is mediated during cytokinesis remains poorly understood, although the ESCRT-binding protein ALIX has been implicated. Here, we show that ESCRT-II and the ESCRT-II–binding ESCRT-III subunit CHMP6 cooperate with ESCRT-I to recruit CHMP4B, with ALIX providing a parallel recruitment arm. In contrast to CHMP4B, we find that recruitment of CHMP4C relies predominantly on ALIX. Accordingly, ALIX depletion leads to furrow regression in cells with chromosome bridges, a phenotype associated with abscission checkpoint signaling failure. Collectively, our work reveals a two-pronged recruitment of ESCRT-III to the cytokinetic bridge and implicates ALIX in abscission checkpoint signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liliane Christ
- Centre for Cancer Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, N-0379 Oslo, Norway Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, N-0379 Oslo, Norway
| | - Eva M Wenzel
- Centre for Cancer Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, N-0379 Oslo, Norway Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, N-0379 Oslo, Norway
| | - Knut Liestøl
- Centre for Cancer Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, N-0379 Oslo, Norway Department of Informatics, University of Oslo, N-0373 Oslo, Norway
| | - Camilla Raiborg
- Centre for Cancer Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, N-0379 Oslo, Norway Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, N-0379 Oslo, Norway
| | - Coen Campsteijn
- Centre for Cancer Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, N-0379 Oslo, Norway Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, N-0379 Oslo, Norway
| | - Harald Stenmark
- Centre for Cancer Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, N-0379 Oslo, Norway Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, N-0379 Oslo, Norway
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42
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Olmos Y, Carlton JG. The ESCRT machinery: new roles at new holes. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2016; 38:1-11. [PMID: 26775243 PMCID: PMC5023845 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2015.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2015] [Revised: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The ESCRT machinery drives a diverse collection of membrane remodeling events, including multivesicular body biogenesis, release of enveloped retroviruses and both reformation of the nuclear envelope and cytokinetic abscission during mitotic exit. These events share the requirement for a topologically equivalent membrane remodeling for their completion and the cells deployment of the ESCRT machinery in these different contexts highlights its functionality as a transposable membrane-fission machinery. Here, we will examine recent data describing ESCRT-III dependent membrane remodeling and explore new roles for the ESCRT-III complex at the nuclear envelope.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Olmos
- Division of Cancer Studies, Section of Cell Biology and Imaging, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, United Kingdom
| | - J G Carlton
- Division of Cancer Studies, Section of Cell Biology and Imaging, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, United Kingdom.
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43
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Green TM, Santos MF, Barsky SH, Rappa G, Lorico A. Analogies Between Cancer-Derived Extracellular Vesicles and Enveloped Viruses with an Emphasis on Human Breast Cancer. CURRENT PATHOBIOLOGY REPORTS 2016; 4:169-179. [PMID: 32226654 PMCID: PMC7099913 DOI: 10.1007/s40139-016-0116-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Purpose of Review Cancer cells utilize extracellular vesicles (EVs) as a means of transferring oncogenic proteins and nucleic acids to other cells to enhance the growth and spread of the tumor. There is an unexpected amount of similarities between these small, membrane-bound particles and enveloped virions, including protein content, physical characteristics (i.e., size and morphology), and mechanisms of entry and exit into target cells. Recent Findings This review describes the attributes shared by both cancer-derived EVs, with an emphasis on breast cancer-derived EVs, and enveloped viral particles and discusses the methods by which virions can utilize the EV pathway as a means of transferring viral material and oncogenes to host cells. Additionally, the possible links between human papilloma virus and its influence on the miRNA content of breast cancer-derived EVs are examined. Summary The rapidly growing field of EVs is allowing investigators from different disciplines to enter uncharted territory. The study of the emerging similarities between cancer-derived EVs and enveloped virions may lead to novel important scientific discoveries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toni M Green
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, Roseman University of Health Sciences and The Roseman Comprehensive Community Cancer Center, Las Vegas, NV 89135 USA
| | - Mark F Santos
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, Roseman University of Health Sciences and The Roseman Comprehensive Community Cancer Center, Las Vegas, NV 89135 USA
| | - Sanford H Barsky
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, Roseman University of Health Sciences and The Roseman Comprehensive Community Cancer Center, Las Vegas, NV 89135 USA
| | - Germana Rappa
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, Roseman University of Health Sciences and The Roseman Comprehensive Community Cancer Center, Las Vegas, NV 89135 USA
| | - Aurelio Lorico
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, Roseman University of Health Sciences and The Roseman Comprehensive Community Cancer Center, Las Vegas, NV 89135 USA
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Abstract
In this issue of Molecular Cell, Liu et al. (2015) report that fission yeast Nbr1, sharing a partial homology to the mammalian macroautophagy receptor NBR1, acts as a receptor for ESCRT-dependent endosomal microautophagy that delivers two hydrolytic enzymes from the cytosol to the vacuole.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noboru Mizushima
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School and Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
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45
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Tan J, Davies BA, Payne JA, Benson LM, Katzmann DJ. Conformational Changes in the Endosomal Sorting Complex Required for the Transport III Subunit Ist1 Lead to Distinct Modes of ATPase Vps4 Regulation. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:30053-65. [PMID: 26515066 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.665604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Intralumenal vesicle formation of the multivesicular body is a critical step in the delivery of endocytic cargoes to the lysosome for degradation. Endosomal sorting complex required for transport III (ESCRT-III) subunits polymerize on endosomal membranes to facilitate membrane budding away from the cytoplasm to generate these intralumenal vesicles. The ATPase Vps4 remodels and disassembles ESCRT-III, but the manner in which Vps4 activity is coordinated with ESCRT-III function remains unclear. Ist1 is structurally homologous to ESCRT-III subunits and has been reported to inhibit Vps4 function despite the presence of a microtubule-interacting and trafficking domain-interacting motif (MIM) capable of stimulating Vps4 in the context of other ESCRT-III subunits. Here we report that Ist1 inhibition of Vps4 ATPase activity involves two elements in Ist1: the MIM itself and a surface containing a conserved ELYC sequence. In contrast, the MIM interaction, in concert with a more open conformation of the Ist1 core, resulted in stimulation of Vps4. Addition of the ESCRT-III subunit binding partner of Ist1, Did2, also converted Ist1 from an inhibitor to a stimulator of Vps4 ATPase activity. Finally, distinct regulation of Vps4 by Ist1 corresponded with altered ESCRT-III disassembly in vitro. Together, these data support a model in which Ist1-Did2 interactions during ESCRT-III polymerization coordinate Vps4 activity with the timing of ESCRT-III disassembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Tan
- From the Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Mayo Graduate School, and
| | | | | | - Linda M Benson
- Mayo Medical Genome Facility Proteomics Core, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905
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46
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Diaz A, Zhang J, Ollwerther A, Wang X, Ahlquist P. Host ESCRT proteins are required for bromovirus RNA replication compartment assembly and function. PLoS Pathog 2015; 11:e1004742. [PMID: 25748299 PMCID: PMC4351987 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1004742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2014] [Accepted: 02/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Positive-strand RNA viruses genome replication invariably is associated with vesicles or other rearranged cellular membranes. Brome mosaic virus (BMV) RNA replication occurs on perinuclear endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membranes in ~70 nm vesicular invaginations (spherules). BMV RNA replication vesicles show multiple parallels with membrane-enveloped, budding retrovirus virions, whose envelopment and release depend on the host ESCRT (endosomal sorting complexes required for transport) membrane-remodeling machinery. We now find that deleting components of the ESCRT pathway results in at least two distinct BMV phenotypes. One group of genes regulate RNA replication and the frequency of viral replication complex formation, but had no effect on spherule size, while a second group of genes regulate RNA replication in a way or ways independent of spherule formation. In particular, deleting SNF7 inhibits BMV RNA replication > 25-fold and abolishes detectable BMV spherule formation, even though the BMV RNA replication proteins accumulate and localize normally on perinuclear ER membranes. Moreover, BMV ESCRT recruitment and spherule assembly depend on different sets of protein-protein interactions from those used by multivesicular body vesicles, HIV-1 virion budding, or tomato bushy stunt virus (TBSV) spherule formation. These and other data demonstrate that BMV requires cellular ESCRT components for proper formation and function of its vesicular RNA replication compartments. The results highlight growing but diverse interactions of ESCRT factors with many viruses and viral processes, and potential value of the ESCRT pathway as a target for broad-spectrum antiviral resistance. Positive-strand RNA {(+)RNA} viruses cause numerous human, animal, and plant diseases. (+)RNA viruses reorganize host intracellular membranes to assemble their RNA replication compartments, which are mini-organelles featuring the close association of both viral and host components. To further understand the role of host components in forming such RNA replication compartments, we used brome mosaic virus (BMV), a well characterized model virus, to study some common features of (+)RNA virus RNA replication. We show that knocking out several components of the cellular Endosomal Complex Required for Transport (ESCRT) machinery resulted in parallel defects in BMV RNA replication and replication compartment formation, whereas other ESCRT components affected RNA replication independently of replication compartment formation. Deleting a subset of ESCRT proteins altered the frequency of replication compartment formation but had no effect on the size of these compartments, whereas a second subset affected RNA replication independently of replication compartment formation. Moreover, BMV’s interaction with the ESCRT machinery appears to be distinct from that reported for other viruses and from the ESCRT requirements for forming vesicles in cellular multivesicular bodies. These findings further illuminate the remarkable abilities of positive-strand RNA viruses to integrate viral and host protein functions to remodel membranes, and suggest potentially potent new ways to control such viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arturo Diaz
- Institute for Molecular Virology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Jiantao Zhang
- Department of Plant Pathology, Physiology, and Weed Science, Virginia Tech University, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Abigail Ollwerther
- Institute for Molecular Virology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Xiaofeng Wang
- Department of Plant Pathology, Physiology, and Weed Science, Virginia Tech University, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States of America
- * E-mail: (XW); (PA)
| | - Paul Ahlquist
- Institute for Molecular Virology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Morgridge Institute for Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- * E-mail: (XW); (PA)
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Hu B, Jiang D, Chen Y, Wei L, Zhang S, Zhao F, Ni R, Lu C, Wan C. High CHMP4B expression is associated with accelerated cell proliferation and resistance to doxorubicin in hepatocellular carcinoma. Tumour Biol 2015; 36:2569-81. [PMID: 25874485 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-014-2873-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2014] [Accepted: 11/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Charged multivesicular body protein 4B (CHMP4B), a subunit of the endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT)-III complex, plays an important part in cytokinetic membrane abscission and the late stage of mitotic cell division. In this study, we explored the prognostic significance of CHMP4B in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and its impact on the physiology of HCC cells. Western blot and immunohistochemistrical analyses showed that CHMP4B was significantly upregulated in HCC tissues, compared with adjacent non-tumorous tissues. Meanwhile, clinicopathological analysis revealed that high CHMP4B expression was correlated with multiple clinicopathological variables, including AFP, cirrhosis, AJCC stage, Ki-67 expression, and poor prognosis. More importantly, univariate and multivariate survival analyses demonstrated that CHMP4B served as an independent prognostic factor for survival of HCC patients. Using HCC cell cultures, we found that the expression of CHMP4B was progressively upregulated after the release from serum starvation. To verify whether CHMP4B could regulate the proliferation of HCC cells, CHMP4B was knocked down through the transfection of CHMP4B-siRNA oligos. Flow cytometry and CCK-8 assays indicated that interference of CHMP4B led to cell cycle arrest and proliferative impairment of HCC cells. Additionally, depletion of CHMP4B expression could increase the sensitivity to doxorubicin in HepG2 and Huh7 cells. Taken together, our results implied that CHMP4B could be a promising prognostic biomarker as well as a potential therapeutic target of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoying Hu
- Basic Medical Research Centre, Medical College, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
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48
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Vild CJ, Li Y, Guo EZ, Liu Y, Xu Z. A novel mechanism of regulating the ATPase VPS4 by its cofactor LIP5 and the endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT)-III protein CHMP5. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:7291-303. [PMID: 25637630 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.616730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Disassembly of the endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT) machinery from biological membranes is a critical final step in cellular processes that require the ESCRT function. This reaction is catalyzed by VPS4, an AAA-ATPase whose activity is tightly regulated by a host of proteins, including LIP5 and the ESCRT-III proteins. Here, we present structural and functional analyses of molecular interactions between human VPS4, LIP5, and the ESCRT-III proteins. The N-terminal domain of LIP5 (LIP5NTD) is required for LIP5-mediated stimulation of VPS4, and the ESCRT-III protein CHMP5 strongly inhibits the stimulation. Both of these observations are distinct from what was previously described for homologous yeast proteins. The crystal structure of LIP5NTD in complex with the MIT (microtubule-interacting and transport)-interacting motifs of CHMP5 and a second ESCRT-III protein, CHMP1B, was determined at 1 Å resolution. It reveals an ESCRT-III binding induced moderate conformational change in LIP5NTD, which results from insertion of a conserved CHMP5 tyrosine residue (Tyr(182)) at the core of LIP5NTD structure. Mutation of Tyr(182) partially relieves the inhibition displayed by CHMP5. Together, these results suggest a novel mechanism of VPS4 regulation in metazoans, where CHMP5 functions as a negative allosteric switch to control LIP5-mediated stimulation of VPS4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cody J Vild
- From the Life Sciences Institute and Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
| | - Yan Li
- From the Life Sciences Institute and
| | | | - Yuan Liu
- From the Life Sciences Institute and
| | - Zhaohui Xu
- From the Life Sciences Institute and Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
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49
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Kornilova ES. Receptor-mediated endocytosis and cytoskeleton. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2014; 79:865-78. [DOI: 10.1134/s0006297914090041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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50
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Davies BA, Norgan AP, Payne JA, Schulz ME, Nichols MD, Tan JA, Xu Z, Katzmann DJ. Vps4 stimulatory element of the cofactor Vta1 contacts the ATPase Vps4 α7 and α9 to stimulate ATP hydrolysis. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:28707-18. [PMID: 25164817 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.580696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The endosomal sorting complexes required for transport (ESCRTs) function in a variety of membrane remodeling processes including multivesicular body sorting, abscission during cytokinesis, budding of enveloped viruses, and repair of the plasma membrane. Vps4 ATPase activity modulates ESCRT function and is itself modulated by its cofactor Vta1 and its substrate ESCRT-III. The carboxyl-terminal Vta1/SBP-1/Lip5 (VSL) domain of Vta1 binds to the Vps4 β-domain to promote Vps4 oligomerization-dependent ATP hydrolysis. Additionally, the Vps4 stimulatory element (VSE) of Vta1 contributes to enhancing Vps4 oligomer ATP hydrolysis. The VSE is also required for Vta1-dependent stimulation of Vps4 by ESCRT-III subunits. However, the manner by which the Vta1 VSE contributes to Vps4 activation is unknown. Existing structural data were used to generate a model of the Vta1 VSE in complex with Vps4. This model implicated residues within the small ATPase associated with various activities (AAA) domain, specifically α-helices 7 and 9, as relevant contact sites. Rational generation of Vps4 mutants defective for VSE-mediated stimulation, as well as intergenic compensatory mutations, support the validity of this model. These findings have uncovered the Vps4 surface responsible for coordinating ESCRT-III-stimulated Vta1 input during ESCRT function and identified a novel mechanism of Vps4 stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian A Davies
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota 55905
| | - Andrew P Norgan
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota 55905
| | - Johanna A Payne
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota 55905
| | - Mary E Schulz
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, the Department of Biology, Lawrence University, Appleton, Wisconsin 54911
| | - Micah D Nichols
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, Byron High School, Byron, Minnesota 55920, and
| | - Jason A Tan
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota 55905
| | - Zhaohui Xu
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
| | - David J Katzmann
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota 55905,
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