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Marinho MAG, da Silva Marques M, de Oliveira Vian C, de Moraes Vaz Batista Filgueira D, Horn AP. Photodynamic therapy with curcumin and near-infrared radiation as an antitumor strategy to glioblastoma cells. Toxicol In Vitro 2024; 100:105917. [PMID: 39142446 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2024.105917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2024] [Revised: 07/18/2024] [Accepted: 08/09/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024]
Abstract
Glioblastoma is a malignant neoplasm that develops in the central nervous system and is characterized by high rates of cell proliferation and invasion, presenting resistance to treatments and a poor prognosis. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a therapeutic modality that can be applied in oncological cases and stands out for being less invasive. Photosensitizers (PS) of natural origin gained prominence in PDT. Curcumin (CUR) is a natural compound that has been used in PDT, considered a promising PS. In this work, we evaluated the effects of PDT-mediated CUR and near-infrared radiation (NIR) in glioblastoma cells. Through trypan blue exclusion analysis, we chose the concentration of 5 μM of CUR and the dose of 2 J/cm2 of NIR that showed better responses in reducing the viable cell number in the C6 cell line and did not show cytotoxic/cytostatic effects in the HaCat cell line. Our results show that there is a positive interaction between CUR and NIR as a PDT model since there was an increase in ROS levels, a decrease in cell proliferation, increase in cytotoxicity with cell death by autophagy and necrosis, in addition to the presence of oxidative damage to proteins. These results suggest that the use of CUR and NIR is a promising strategy for the antitumor application of PDT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo Augusto Germani Marinho
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Rio Grande, RS 96210-900, Brazil; Laboratório de Cultura Celular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Rio Grande, RS 96210-900, Brazil.
| | - Magno da Silva Marques
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Rio Grande, RS 96210-900, Brazil; Laboratório de Neurociências, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Rio Grande, RS 96210-900, Brazil
| | - Camila de Oliveira Vian
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Rio Grande, RS 96210-900, Brazil; Laboratório de Neurociências, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Rio Grande, RS 96210-900, Brazil
| | - Daza de Moraes Vaz Batista Filgueira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Rio Grande, RS 96210-900, Brazil; Laboratório de Cultura Celular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Rio Grande, RS 96210-900, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Horn
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Rio Grande, RS 96210-900, Brazil; Laboratório de Neurociências, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Rio Grande, RS 96210-900, Brazil
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Islam MA, Jeong JY, Hossain MS, Tarek H, Khan N, Jamila N, Kim KS. Analysis of Piper betle L. Leaves from Bangladesh for Polyphenolics by Ultrasonic-Assisted Extraction (UAE) and High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) Together with the Antioxidant, Antibacterial, and Cytotoxic Activities. ANAL LETT 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2023.2186423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Md Atikul Islam
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Chosun University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur, Bangladesh
| | - Ji Young Jeong
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Chosun University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Md Selim Hossain
- Department of Biomedical Science, Chosun University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hasan Tarek
- Department of Pharmacy, Chosun University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Naeem Khan
- Department of Chemistry, Kohat University of Science & Technology, Kohat, Pakistan
| | - Nargis Jamila
- Department of Chemistry, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto Women University Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Kyong Su Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Chosun University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
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Ali S, Noreen A, Qamar A, Zafar I, Ain Q, Nafidi HA, Bin Jardan YA, Bourhia M, Rashid S, Sharma R. Amomum subulatum: A treasure trove of anti-cancer compounds targeting TP53 protein using in vitro and in silico techniques. Front Chem 2023; 11:1174363. [PMID: 37206196 PMCID: PMC10189520 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2023.1174363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a primary global health concern, and researchers seek innovative approaches to combat the disease. Clinical bioinformatics and high-throughput proteomics technologies provide powerful tools to explore cancer biology. Medicinal plants are considered effective therapeutic agents, and computer-aided drug design (CAAD) is used to identify novel drug candidates from plant extracts. The tumour suppressor protein TP53 is an attractive target for drug development, given its crucial role in cancer pathogenesis. This study used a dried extract of Amomum subulatum seeds to identify phytocompounds targeting TP53 in cancer. We apply qualitative tests to determine its phytochemicals (Alkaloid, Tannin, Saponin, Phlobatinin, and Cardic glycoside), and found that alkaloid composed of 9.4% ± 0.04% and Saponin 1.9% ± 0.05% crude chemical constituent. In the results of DPPH Analysis Amomum subulatum Seeds founded antioxidant activity, and then we verified via observing methanol extract (79.82%), BHT (81.73%), and n-hexane extract (51.31%) found to be positive. For Inhibition of oxidation, we observe BHT is 90.25%, and Methanol (83.42%) has the most significant proportion of linoleic acid oxidation suppression. We used diverse bioinformatics approaches to evaluate the effect of A. subulatum seeds and their natural components on TP53. Compound-1 had the best pharmacophore match value (53.92), with others ranging from 50.75 to 53.92. Our docking result shows the top three natural compounds had the highest binding energies (-11.10 to -10.3 kcal/mol). The highest binding energies (-10.9 to -9.2 kcal/mol) compound bonded to significant sections in the target protein's active domains with TP53. Based on virtual screening, we select top phytocompounds for targets which highly fit based on pharmacophore score and observe these compounds exhibited potent antioxidant activity and inhibited cancer cell inflammation in the TP53 pathway. Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulations indicated that the ligand was bound to the protein with some significant conformational changes in the protein structure. This study provides novel insights into the development of innovative drugs for the treatment of cancer disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadaqat Ali
- Medical Department, DHQ Hospital Bhawalnagr, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Asifa Noreen
- Department of Chemistry, Rippha International University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Adeem Qamar
- Department of Pathology, Sahiwal Medical College Sahiwal, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Imran Zafar
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Virtual University of Pakistan, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Quratul Ain
- Department of Chemistry, Government College Women University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Hiba-Allah Nafidi
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Laval University, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Yousef A. Bin Jardan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Bourhia
- Laboratory of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ibn Zohr University, Laayoune, Morocco
- *Correspondence: Mohammed Bourhia, ; Rohit Sharma,
| | - Summya Rashid
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Virtual University of Pakistan, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Rohit Sharma
- Department of Rasa Shastra and Bhaishajya Kalpana, Faculty of Ayurveda, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
- *Correspondence: Mohammed Bourhia, ; Rohit Sharma,
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Bouali N, Hamadou WS, Badraoui R, Lajimi RH, Hamdi A, Alreshidi M, Adnan M, Soua Z, Siddiqui AJ, Noumi E, Snoussi M. Phytochemical Composition, Antioxidant, and Anticancer Activities of Sidr Honey: In Vitro and In Silico Computational Investigation. Life (Basel) 2022; 13:life13010035. [PMID: 36675984 PMCID: PMC9867352 DOI: 10.3390/life13010035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is one of the major causes of death worldwide. The repercussions of conventional therapeutic approaches present a challenge in the delivery of new effective treatments. Thus, more attention is being awarded to natural products, mainly honey. Honey could be the basis for the development of new therapies for cancer patients. The aim of this study is to assess the phytochemical profiling, antioxidant, drug-likeness properties, and anticancer activity of Ziziphus honey (ZH) derived from the Hail region of Saudi Arabia. The phytochemical profiling using high resolution-liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (HR-LCMS) revealed 10 compounds belonging to several familial classes and one tripeptide. Potential antioxidant activity was noted as assessed by DPPH (IC50 0.670 mg/mL), ABTS (IC50 3.554 mg/mL), and β-carotene (IC50 > 5 mg/mL). The ZH exerted a notable cytotoxic effect in a dose-dependent manner against three cancer cell lines: lung (A549), breast (MCF-7), and colon (HCT-116), with respective IC50 values of 5.203%, 6.02%, and 7.257%. The drug-likeness investigation unveiled that most of the identified compounds meet Lipinski’s rule. The molecular docking analysis revealed interesting antioxidant and anticancer activities for most targeted proteins and supported the in vitro findings. The Miraxanthin-III compound exhibited the most stabilized interaction. This study provides deeper insights on ZH as prominent source of bioactive compounds with potent antioxidant and anticancer effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nouha Bouali
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Hail, P.O. Box 2440, Hail 2440, Saudi Arabia
| | - Walid Sabri Hamadou
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Hail, P.O. Box 2440, Hail 2440, Saudi Arabia
- Research Unit: Molecular Biology of Leukemia and Lymphoma, Department of Biochemistry, University of Medecine of Sousse, Sousse 4002, Tunisia
| | - Riadh Badraoui
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Hail, P.O. Box 2440, Hail 2440, Saudi Arabia
- Section of Histology—Cytology, University of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, La Rabta 1007, Road Djebal Lakhdhar, Tunis 1007, Tunisia
- Department of Histo-Embryology and Cytogenetics, Medicine Faculty of Sfax, University of Sfax, Road of Majida Boulia, Sfax 3029, Tunisia
| | - Ramzi Hadj Lajimi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Hail, P.O. Box 2440, Hail 2440, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Hail, P.O. Box 2440, Hail 2440, Saudi Arabia
- Laboratory of Water, Membranes and Environmental Biotechnologies, Center of Research and Water Technologies, P.O. Box 273, Soliman 8020, Tunisia
| | - Assia Hamdi
- Laboratory of Galenic and Pharmacological Chemical Development of Drugs, University of Pharmacy, Monastir 5000, Tunisia
| | - Mousa Alreshidi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Hail, P.O. Box 2440, Hail 2440, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohd Adnan
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Hail, P.O. Box 2440, Hail 2440, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zohra Soua
- Research Unit: Molecular Biology of Leukemia and Lymphoma, Department of Biochemistry, University of Medecine of Sousse, Sousse 4002, Tunisia
| | - Arif Jamal Siddiqui
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Hail, P.O. Box 2440, Hail 2440, Saudi Arabia
| | - Emira Noumi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Hail, P.O. Box 2440, Hail 2440, Saudi Arabia
- Laboratory of Genetics, Biodiversity and Valorisation of Bioressources, High Institute of Biotechnology University of Monastir, Monastir 5000, Tunisia
- Correspondence:
| | - Mejdi Snoussi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Hail, P.O. Box 2440, Hail 2440, Saudi Arabia
- Laboratory of Genetics, Biodiversity and Valorisation of Bioressources, High Institute of Biotechnology University of Monastir, Monastir 5000, Tunisia
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Antioxidant Properties of Hemp Proteins: From Functional Food to Phytotherapy and Beyond. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27227924. [PMID: 36432024 PMCID: PMC9693028 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27227924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
As one of the oldest plants cultivated by humans, hemp used to be banned in the United States but returned as a legal crop in 2018. Since then, the United States has become the leading hemp producer in the world. Currently, hemp attracts increasing attention from consumers and scientists as hemp products provide a wide spectrum of potential functions. Particularly, bioactive peptides derived from hemp proteins have been proven to be strong antioxidants, which is an extremely hot research topic in recent years. However, some controversial disputes and unknown issues are still underway to be explored and verified in the aspects of technique, methodology, characteristic, mechanism, application, caution, etc. Therefore, this review focusing on the antioxidant properties of hemp proteins is necessary to discuss the multiple critical issues, including in vitro structure-modifying techniques and antioxidant assays, structure-activity relationships of antioxidant peptides, pre-clinical studies on hemp proteins and pathogenesis-related molecular mechanisms, usage and potential hazard, and novel advanced techniques involving bioinformatics methodology (QSAR, PPI, GO, KEGG), proteomic analysis, and genomics analysis, etc. Taken together, the antioxidant potential of hemp proteins may provide both functional food benefits and phytotherapy efficacy to human health.
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da Silveira LM, Pedra NS, Bona NP, Spohr L, da Silva Dos Santos F, Saraiva JT, Alvez FL, de Moraes Meine B, Spanevello RM, Stefanello FM, Soares MSP. Selective in vitro anticancer effect of blueberry extract (Vaccinium virgatum) against C6 rat glioma: exploring their redox status. Metab Brain Dis 2022; 37:439-449. [PMID: 34748129 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-021-00867-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/31/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the anticancer potential of blueberry extract (Vaccinium virgatum) against a C6 rat glioma lineage. Cultures of the C6 cells were exposed to blueberry extract at concentrations of 50 to 600 µg/mL for 12, 24, 48, or 72 h and then evaluated for cell viability, proliferation, migration, colony formation and oxidative stress. We also evaluated the effects of blueberry extract on primary rat cortical astrocytes. Our results show that treatment with blueberry extract did not alter the viability or proliferation of normal primary astrocytes but it did significantly reduce the viability in 21.54 % after 48 h and proliferation in 8.59 % after 24 h of C6 cells at 200 µg/mL. We also observed a reduction in the size of the colonies of 29.99 % at 100 µg/mL when compared to the control cells and cell migration was also reduced at 50 µg/mL. After 72 h, there was a reduction in the reactive oxygen species levels ranging from 46.26 to 34.73 %, in addition to a 380.2 % increase in total thiol content. Superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione S-transferase activities were also enhanced when compared to the control. Taken together this data suggests that blueberry extract exerts some selective anticancer activity in C6 glioma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa Menezes da Silveira
- Laboratório de Neuroquímica, Inflamação e Câncer, Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Campus Universitário S/N, Pelotas, RS, CEP: 96010-900, Brazil
| | - Nathalia Stark Pedra
- Laboratório de Neuroquímica, Inflamação e Câncer, Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Campus Universitário S/N, Pelotas, RS, CEP: 96010-900, Brazil
| | - Natália Pontes Bona
- Laboratório de Biomarcadores, Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Campus Universitário S/N, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Luiza Spohr
- Laboratório de Neuroquímica, Inflamação e Câncer, Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Campus Universitário S/N, Pelotas, RS, CEP: 96010-900, Brazil
| | - Francieli da Silva Dos Santos
- Laboratório de Biomarcadores, Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Campus Universitário S/N, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Juliane Torchelsen Saraiva
- Laboratório de Biomarcadores, Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Campus Universitário S/N, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Fernando Lopez Alvez
- Laboratório de Neuroquímica, Inflamação e Câncer, Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Campus Universitário S/N, Pelotas, RS, CEP: 96010-900, Brazil
| | - Bernardo de Moraes Meine
- Laboratório de Biomarcadores, Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Campus Universitário S/N, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Roselia Maria Spanevello
- Laboratório de Neuroquímica, Inflamação e Câncer, Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Campus Universitário S/N, Pelotas, RS, CEP: 96010-900, Brazil
| | - Francieli Moro Stefanello
- Laboratório de Biomarcadores, Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Campus Universitário S/N, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Mayara Sandrielly Pereira Soares
- Laboratório de Neuroquímica, Inflamação e Câncer, Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Campus Universitário S/N, Pelotas, RS, CEP: 96010-900, Brazil.
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Nejati M, Rostami M, Mirzaei H, Rahimi-Nasrabadi M, Vosoughifar M, Nasab AS, Ganjali MR. Green methods for the preparation of MgO nanomaterials and their drug delivery, anti-cancer and anti-bacterial potentials: A review. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2021.109107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Montgomery DR, Biklé A, Archuleta R, Brown P, Jordan J. Soil health and nutrient density: preliminary comparison of regenerative and conventional farming. PeerJ 2022; 10:e12848. [PMID: 35127297 PMCID: PMC8801175 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.12848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Several independent comparisons indicate regenerative farming practices enhance the nutritional profiles of crops and livestock. Measurements from paired farms across the United States indicate differences in soil health and crop nutrient density between fields worked with conventional (synthetically-fertilized and herbicide-treated) or regenerative practices for 5 to 10 years. Specifically, regenerative farms that combined no-till, cover crops, and diverse rotations-a system known as Conservation Agriculture-produced crops with higher soil organic matter levels, soil health scores, and levels of certain vitamins, minerals, and phytochemicals. In addition, crops from two regenerative no-till vegetable farms, one in California and the other in Connecticut, had higher levels of phytochemicals than values reported previously from New York supermarkets. Moreover, a comparison of wheat from adjacent regenerative and conventional no-till fields in northern Oregon found a higher density of mineral micronutrients in the regenerative crop. Finally, a comparison of the unsaturated fatty acid profile of beef and pork raised on one of the regenerative farms to a regional health-promoting brand and conventional meat from local supermarkets, found higher levels of omega-3 fats and a more health-beneficial ratio of omega-6 to omega-3 fats. Despite small sample sizes, all three crop comparisons show differences in micronutrient and phytochemical concentrations that suggest soil health is an under appreciated influence on nutrient density, particularly for phytochemicals not conventionally considered nutrients but nonetheless relevant to chronic disease prevention. Likewise, regenerative grazing practices produced meat with a better fatty acid profile than conventional and regional health-promoting brands. Together these comparisons offer preliminary support for the conclusion that regenerative soil-building farming practices can enhance the nutritional profile of conventionally grown plant and animal foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- David R. Montgomery
- Department of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
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Ajeh EA, Kayode OO, Omoregie IP. Comparative analysis of groundwater quality statuses and associated health risk indices of metals and total hydrocarbons at locations of tank farm in Delta State, Nigeria. Toxicol Rep 2022; 9:404-421. [PMID: 35299872 PMCID: PMC8920876 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2022.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The study aimed at assessing the groundwater quality and the associated health implications of oil storage tank farms in Asaba, Oghara, Warri, and Koko towns, in Delta State, Nigeria. Fe, Cr, Cd, Ni, Pb, and V concentrations in the groundwater samples were determined using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS), while total hydrocarbons (THC) concentrations were determined using gas chromatography coupled with a flame ionization detector (GC-FID). The quality index of Warri groundwater was 66.38; being within the range of 51–75 was considered poor quality. The water quality indices (WQI) of Oghara, Koko, and Asaba were 163.79, 161.43, and 129.95 respectively, which were all > 100, hence amounting to very poor water quality status. Results indicated that children in Oghara who are orally exposed to chromium are at risk of cancer. Both adults and children orally exposed to THC in Oghara are also at risk of cancer. Furthermore, THC posed an oral route cancer risk to the children in Koko town. The study showed that chromium posed carcinogenic threats to children in Oghara, while THC posed carcinogenic threats to adults and children in Oghara and children alone in Koko. These risks are liable to be mediated through ingestion of the groundwater of Oghara and Koko by the susceptible groups. The WQI of Oghara, Koko, and Asaba were 163.79, 161.43, and 129.95 respectively, all > 100 (very poor water quality status). Chromium posed carcinogenic threats to children in Oghara, while THC posed carcinogenic threats to adults and children in Oghara and children alone in Koko. The risks are liable to be mediated through ingestion of the groundwater of Oghara and Koko.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enuneku Alex Ajeh
- Department of Environmental Management and Toxicology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Benin, PMB 1154, Benin City, Nigeria
| | - Odeniyi Olalere Kayode
- Ecotoxicology and Environmental Forensics Laboratory, University of Benin, PMB 1154, Benin City, Nigeria
| | - Isibor Patrick Omoregie
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science and Technology, Covenant University, PMB 1023, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria
- Corresponding author.
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Montgomery DR, Biklé A. Soil Health and Nutrient Density: Beyond Organic vs. Conventional Farming. FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2021.699147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Controversy has long surrounded the question of nutritional differences between crops grown organically or using now-conventional methods, with studies dating back to the 1940s showing that farming methods can affect the nutrient density of crops. More recent studies have shown how reliance on tillage and synthetic nitrogen fertilizers influence soil life, and thereby soil health, in ways that can reduce mineral micronutrient uptake by and phytochemical production in crops. While organic farming tends to enhance soil health and conventional practices degrade it, relying on tillage for weed control on both organic and conventional farms degrades soil organic matter and can disrupt soil life in ways that reduce crop mineral uptake and phytochemical production. Conversely, microbial inoculants and compost and mulch that build soil organic matter can increase crop micronutrient and phytochemical content on both conventional and organic farms. Hence, agronomic effects on nutritional profiles do not fall out simply along the conventional vs. organic distinction, making the effects of farming practices on soil health a better lens for assessing their influence on nutrient density. A review of previous studies and meta-studies finds little evidence for significant differences in crop macronutrient levels between organic and conventional farming practices, as well as substantial evidence for the influence of different cultivars and farming practices on micronutrient concentrations. More consistent differences between organic and conventional crops include that conventional crops contain greater pesticide levels, whereas organically grown crops contain higher levels of phytochemicals shown to exhibit health-protective antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Thus, part of the long-running controversy over nutritional differences between organic and conventional crops appears to arise from different definitions of what constitutes a nutrient—the conventional definition of dietary constituents necessary for growth and survival, or a broader one that also encompasses compounds beneficial for maintenance of health and prevention of chronic disease. For assessing the effects of farming practices on nutrient density soil health adds a much needed dimension—the provisioning of micronutrients and phytochemicals that support human health.
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The Potential of Dietary Antioxidants from a Series of Plant Extracts as Anticancer Agents against Melanoma, Glioblastoma, and Breast Cancer. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10071115. [PMID: 34356348 PMCID: PMC8301026 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10071115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
In modern society, cancer is one of the most relevant medical problems. It is important to search for promising plant raw materials whose extracts have strong antioxidant and anticancer effects. The aim of this study was to determine the composition of phenolic compounds in plant extracts, to evaluate their antioxidant and anticancer activity, and to find the correlations between those activities. Extracts of calendula, sage, bearberry, eucalyptus, yarrow, and apple were selected for the study. The phenolic compounds of these extracts were determined by the UPLC-ESI-MS/MS method and the antioxidant activity was evaluated in vitro by four different UV-VIS spectrophotometric methods (ABTS, DPPH, CUPRAC, FRAP). The anticancer activity of extracts was tested against melanoma IGR39, glioblastoma U-87, and triple-negative breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cell lines in vitro by MTT assay. The highest content of identified and quantified phenolic compounds was found in sage leaf extract and the lowest in ethanol eucalyptus leaf extract. The highest antioxidant activity was determined by all applied methods for the acetone eucalyptus leaf extract. The majority of extracts were mostly active against the melanoma IGR39 cell line, and possessed the lowest activity against the glioblastoma U-87 cell line. Acetone extract of eucalyptus leaf samples exhibited the highest anticancer activity against all tested cell lines. Strong and reliable correlation has been found between antioxidant and anticancer activity in breast cancer and glioblastoma cell lines, especially when evaluating antioxidant activity by the FRAP method.
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Spyridopoulou K, Aravidou T, Lampri E, Effraimidou E, Pappa A, Chlichlia K. Antitumor Potential of Lippia citriodora Essential Oil in Breast Tumor-Bearing Mice. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:875. [PMID: 34070804 PMCID: PMC8228289 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10060875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Lippia citriodora is a flowering plant cultivated for its lemon-scented leaves and used in folk medicine for the preparation of tea for the alleviation of symptoms of gastrointestinal disorders, cold, and asthma. The oil extracted from the plant leaves was shown to possess antioxidant potential and to exert antiproliferative activity against breast cancer. The aim of this study was to further investigate potential antitumor effects of L. citriodora oil (LCO) on breast cancer. The in vitro antiproliferative activity of LCO was examined against murine DA3 breast cancer cells by the sulforhodamine B assay. We further explored the LCO's pro-apoptotic potential with the Annexin-PI method. The LCO's anti-migratory effect was assessed by the wound-healing assay. LCO was found to inhibit the growth of DA3 cells in vitro, attenuate their migration, and induce apoptosis. Finally, oral administration of LCO for 14 days in mice inhibited by 55% the size of developing tumors in the DA3 murine tumor model. Noteworthy, in the tumor tissue of LCO-treated mice the apoptotic marker cleaved caspase-3 was elevated, while a reduced protein expression of survivin was observed. These results indicate that LCO, as a source of bioactive compounds, has a very interesting nutraceutical potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katerina Spyridopoulou
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Democritus University of Thrace, University Campus-Dragana, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece; (K.S.); (T.A.); (E.L.); (A.P.)
| | - Tamara Aravidou
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Democritus University of Thrace, University Campus-Dragana, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece; (K.S.); (T.A.); (E.L.); (A.P.)
| | - Evangeli Lampri
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Democritus University of Thrace, University Campus-Dragana, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece; (K.S.); (T.A.); (E.L.); (A.P.)
| | - Eleni Effraimidou
- Department of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, University Campus-Dragana, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece;
| | - Aglaia Pappa
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Democritus University of Thrace, University Campus-Dragana, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece; (K.S.); (T.A.); (E.L.); (A.P.)
| | - Katerina Chlichlia
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Democritus University of Thrace, University Campus-Dragana, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece; (K.S.); (T.A.); (E.L.); (A.P.)
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Drozdowska M, Leszczyńska T, Koronowicz A, Piasna-Słupecka E, Dziadek K. Comparative study of young shoots and the mature red headed cabbage as antioxidant food resources with antiproliferative effect on prostate cancer cells. RSC Adv 2020; 10:43021-43034. [PMID: 35514921 PMCID: PMC9058263 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra07861a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The increasing knowledge on health benefit properties of plant origin food ingredients supports recommendations for the use of edible plants in the prevention of diet related diseases, including cancer. The beneficial effects of young shoots of red cabbage can be attributed to their mixture of phytochemicals possessing antioxidant and potential anticancer activity. The objective of this study was to compare the content of bioactive compounds, including HPLC analysis of polyphenols and antioxidant activity of young shoots of red cabbage and the vegetable at full maturity. The content of vitamin C and polyphenols in juices obtained from young shoots and the mature vegetable were also determined. The other aim of this study was to confirm the hypothesis that juice of young shoots more effectively, compared to juice of the mature vegetable, reduces the proliferation of prostate cancer cell lines DU145 and LNCaP in vitro. A significantly higher content of vitamin C and carotenoids, as well as a higher antioxidant activity were found in edible young shoots in comparison to the mature vegetable. In addition, studies have shown higher amount of vitamin C in the juice of young shoots than in the juice of the mature vegetable and similar content of polyphenolic compounds. The level of total polyphenol content in the studied plant samples did not differ significantly. Flavonoids were the main polyphenols in young shoots and juice obtained from them, while phenolic acids were dominant in the mature vegetable and in juice obtained from it. The juice of young shoots has shown stronger in vitro anti-proliferation effect against prostate cancer cells than juice of the mature vegetable. Young shoots of red cabbage could be a good source of phytochemicals with potential anticancer activity.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariola Drozdowska
- Department of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Food Technology, University of Agriculture in Krakow 122 Balicka St. 30-149 Krakow Poland
| | - Teresa Leszczyńska
- Department of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Food Technology, University of Agriculture in Krakow 122 Balicka St. 30-149 Krakow Poland
| | - Aneta Koronowicz
- Department of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Food Technology, University of Agriculture in Krakow 122 Balicka St. 30-149 Krakow Poland
| | - Ewelina Piasna-Słupecka
- Department of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Food Technology, University of Agriculture in Krakow 122 Balicka St. 30-149 Krakow Poland
| | - Kinga Dziadek
- Department of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Food Technology, University of Agriculture in Krakow 122 Balicka St. 30-149 Krakow Poland
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14
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Zeb A. Concept, mechanism, and applications of phenolic antioxidants in foods. J Food Biochem 2020; 44:e13394. [PMID: 32691460 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
In this review, the concept of phenolic antioxidants, mechanisms of action, and applications have been reviewed. Phenolic compounds (PCs) acts as an antioxidant by reacting with a variety of free radicals. The mechanism of antioxidant actions involved either by hydrogen atom transfer, transfer of a single electron, sequential proton loss electron transfer, and chelation of transition metals. In foods, the PCs act as antioxidants which are measured with several in vitro spectroscopic methods. The PCs have been found in milk and a wide range of dairy products with sole purposes of color, taste, storage stability, and quality enhancement. The role of PCs in three types of food additives, that is, antimicrobial, antioxidant, and flavoring agents have been critically reviewed. The literature revealed that PCs present in a variety of foods possess several health benefits such as antibacterial, antihyperlipidemic, anticancer, antioxidants, cardioprotective, neuroprotective, and antidiabetic properties. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Phenolic compounds are strong antioxidants and are safer than synthetic antioxidants. The wide occurrence in plant foods warranted continuous review applications. This review, therefore, presented an updated comprehensive overview of the concept, mechanism, and applications of phenolic antioxidants in foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alam Zeb
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Malakand, Chakdara, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
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15
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Puja P, Kumar P. A perspective on biogenic synthesis of platinum nanoparticles and their biomedical applications. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2019; 211:94-99. [PMID: 30521998 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2018.11.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Revised: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In recent era, the interest on inorganic nanoparticles is augmenting due to their engrossing and uncanny properties. Among them, platinum nanoparticles (PtNPs) are highly remarkable owing to their intrinsic physicochemical and biological properties making them an effective candidate towards catalytic and biomedical applications. Nevertheless, conventional physical and chemical methodologies of PtNPs synthesis are among the most prevalent protocols to synthesize PtNPs of desired shape and size. However, the above methods create notable concern to health and environment due to the use of harsh and toxic chemicals as well as violent reaction conditions. Hence, an economic, eco-friendly, non-toxic and sustainable route for the synthesis of PtNPs is the need of the hour to circumvent the shortcomings associated with conventional methodologies. In this aspect, the approach of green synthesis has lightened up the way for the environmentally benign synthesis of PtNPs. Interestingly, this review focuses chiefly on the green synthesis of PtNPs from various biological entities such as microorganisms, plants, seaweeds and other innovative miscellaneous protocols. Furthermore, it also summarizes the potential biomedical applications of PtNPs especially as an antibacterial agent and their role as nanomedicine. Overall, the emerging biogenic synthesis of PtNPs makes it feasible to foresee more promising biomedical outcomes in the upcoming future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patel Puja
- Food Chemistry and Molecular Cancer Biology Lab, Department of Animal Health and Management, Science Campus, Alagappa University, Karaikudi 630003, India
| | - Ponnuchamy Kumar
- Food Chemistry and Molecular Cancer Biology Lab, Department of Animal Health and Management, Science Campus, Alagappa University, Karaikudi 630003, India.
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Chirumbolo S, Bjørklund G, Lysiuk R, Vella A, Lenchyk L, Upyr T. Targeting Cancer with Phytochemicals via Their Fine Tuning of the Cell Survival Signaling Pathways. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19113568. [PMID: 30424557 PMCID: PMC6274856 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19113568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Revised: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of phytochemicals as potential prodrugs or therapeutic substances against tumors has come in the spotlight in the very recent years, thanks to the huge mass of encouraging and promising results of the in vitro activity of many phenolic compounds from plant raw extracts against many cancer cell lines. Little but important evidence can be retrieved from the clinical and nutritional scientific literature, where flavonoids are investigated as major pro-apoptotic and anti-metastatic compounds. However, the actual role of these compounds in cancer is still far to be fully elucidated. Many of these phytochemicals act in a pleiotropic and poorly specific manner, but, more importantly, they are able to tune the reactive oxygen species (ROS) signaling to activate a survival or a pro-autophagic and pro-apoptosis mechanism, depending on the oxidative stress-responsive endowment of the targeted cell. This review will try to focus on this issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Chirumbolo
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy.
- Scientific Secretary-Council for Nutritional and Environmental Medicine (CONEM), 8610 Mo i Rana, Norway.
| | - Geir Bjørklund
- Council for Nutritional and Environmental Medicine (CONEM), 8610 Mo i Rana, Norway.
| | - Roman Lysiuk
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Botany, DanyloHalytskyLviv National Medical University, 79007 Lviv, Ukraine.
| | - Antonio Vella
- AOUI Verona, University Hospital, Section of Immunology, 37134 Verona, Italy.
| | - Larysa Lenchyk
- Department of Chemistry of Natural Compounds, National University of Pharmacy, 61168 Kharkiv, Ukraine.
| | - Taras Upyr
- Department of Pharmacognosy, National University of Pharmacy, 61168 Kharkiv, Ukraine.
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17
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González-Hidalgo I, Moreno DA, García-Viguera C, Ros-García JM. Effect of industrial freezing on the physical and nutritional quality traits in broccoli. FOOD SCI TECHNOL INT 2018; 25:56-65. [PMID: 30153746 DOI: 10.1177/1082013218795807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Broccoli was blanched and frozen at industrial scale to ascertain the physical and nutritional changes that take place in industrial processing. Colour, texture, ascorbic and dehydroascorbic acids, glucosinolates, phenolic compounds, antioxidant capacity, mineral nutrients and microstructure were evaluated. Blanching and freezing caused a decrease in lightness and firmness. Losses of phenolic compounds and ascorbic acid + dehydroascorbic acid reached about 57% and 30%, respectively. The antioxidant capacity was similar in fresh and treated broccoli, and the glucosinolates remained constant. These results show that frozen broccoli retains antioxidants compounds, vitamin C and glucosinolates even after industrial processing, meaning that industrially frozen broccoli intended for human consumption can be considered rather similar to the fresh product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inés González-Hidalgo
- 1 Department of Food Science & Technology and Human Nutrition, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Diego A Moreno
- 2 Department of Food Science and Technology, CEBAS-CSIC, Murcia, Spain
| | | | - José María Ros-García
- 1 Department of Food Science & Technology and Human Nutrition, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
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Frassinetti S, Moccia E, Caltavuturo L, Gabriele M, Longo V, Bellani L, Giorgi G, Giorgetti L. Nutraceutical potential of hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) seeds and sprouts. Food Chem 2018; 262:56-66. [PMID: 29751921 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.04.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Revised: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
In this study the antioxidant effect of Cannabis sativa L. seeds and sprouts (3 and 5 days of germination) was evaluated. Total polyphenols, flavonoids and flavonols content, when expressed on dry weight basis, were highest in sprouts; ORAC and DPPH (in vitro assays), CAA-RBC (cellular antioxidant activity in red blood cells) and hemolysis test (ex vivo assays) evidenced a good antioxidant activity higher in sprouts than in seeds. Untargeted analysis by high resolution mass spectrometry in negative ion mode allowed the identification of main polyphenols (caffeoyltyramine, cannabisin A, B, C) in seeds and of ω-6 (linoleic acid) in sprouts. Antimutagenic effect of seeds and sprouts extracts evidenced a significant decrease of mutagenesis induced by hydrogen peroxide in Saccharomyces cerevisiae D7 strain. In conclusion our results show that C. sativa seeds and sprouts exert beneficial effects on yeast and human cells and should be further investigated as a potential functional food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Frassinetti
- National Research Council (CNR), Institute of Agricultural Biology and Biotechnology (IBBA), Research Unit of Pisa, Via Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Eleonora Moccia
- National Research Council (CNR), Institute of Agricultural Biology and Biotechnology (IBBA), Research Unit of Pisa, Via Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Leonardo Caltavuturo
- National Research Council (CNR), Institute of Agricultural Biology and Biotechnology (IBBA), Research Unit of Pisa, Via Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Morena Gabriele
- National Research Council (CNR), Institute of Agricultural Biology and Biotechnology (IBBA), Research Unit of Pisa, Via Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Longo
- National Research Council (CNR), Institute of Agricultural Biology and Biotechnology (IBBA), Research Unit of Pisa, Via Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Lorenza Bellani
- National Research Council (CNR), Institute of Agricultural Biology and Biotechnology (IBBA), Research Unit of Pisa, Via Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy; Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy.
| | - Gianluca Giorgi
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Lucia Giorgetti
- National Research Council (CNR), Institute of Agricultural Biology and Biotechnology (IBBA), Research Unit of Pisa, Via Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
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Baskaran XR, Geo Vigila AV, Zhang SZ, Feng SX, Liao WB. A review of the use of pteridophytes for treating human ailments. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2018; 19:85-119. [PMID: 29405039 PMCID: PMC5833325 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b1600344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 03/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this review was to explore the pharmacological activity of early tracheophytes (pteridophytes) as an alternative medicine for treating human ailments. As the first vascular plants, pteridophytes (aka, ferns and fern allies) are an ancient lineage, and human beings have been exploring and using taxa from this lineage for over 2000 years because of their beneficial properties. We have documented the medicinal uses of pteridophytes belonging to thirty different families. The lycophyte Selaginella sp. was shown in earlier studies to have multiple pharmacological activity, such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, antidiabetic, antiviral, antimicrobial, and anti-Alzheimer properties. Among all the pteridophytes examined, taxa from the Pteridaceae, Polypodiaceae, and Adiantaceae exhibited significant medicinal activity. Based on our review, many pteridophytes have properties that could be used in alternative medicine for treatment of various human illnesses. Biotechnological tools can be used to preserve and even improve their bioactive molecules for the preparation of medicines against illness. Even though several studies have reported medicinal uses of ferns, the possible bioactive compounds of several pteridophytes have not been identified. Furthermore, their optimal dosage level and treatment strategies still need to be determined. Finally, the future direction of pteridophyte research is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier-ravi Baskaran
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Southern Subtropical Plant Diversity, Fairy Lake Botanical Garden /Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518004, China
| | | | - Shou-zhou Zhang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Southern Subtropical Plant Diversity, Fairy Lake Botanical Garden /Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518004, China
| | - Shi-xiu Feng
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Southern Subtropical Plant Diversity, Fairy Lake Botanical Garden /Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518004, China
| | - Wen-bo Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
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Sánchez-González C, Ciudad CJ, Noé V, Izquierdo-Pulido M. Health benefits of walnut polyphenols: An exploration beyond their lipid profile. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2018; 57:3373-3383. [PMID: 26713565 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2015.1126218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Walnuts are commonly found in our diet and have been recognized for their nutritious properties for a long time. Traditionally, walnuts have been known for their lipid profile, which has been linked to a wide array of biological properties and health-promoting effects. In addition to essential fatty acids, walnuts contain a variety of other bioactive compounds, such as vitamin E and polyphenols. Among common foods and beverages, walnuts represent one of the most important sources of polyphenols, hence their effect over human health warrants attention. The main polyphenol in walnuts is pedunculagin, an ellagitannin. After consumption, ellagitannins are hydrolyzed to release ellagic acid, which is converted by gut microflora to urolithin A and other derivatives such as urolithins B, C, and D. Ellagitannins possess well known antioxidant and anti-inflammatory bioactivity, and several studies have assessed the potential role of ellagitannins against disease initiation and progression, including cancer, cardiovascular, and neurodegenerative diseases. The purpose of this review is to summarize current available information relating to the potential effect of walnut polyphenols in health maintenance and disease prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Sánchez-González
- a Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Gastronomy , Facultad de Farmacia y Ciencias de la Alimentación, Universidad de Barcelona , Barcelona , Spain
| | - Carlos J Ciudad
- b Department of Biochemistry Physiology, Facultad de Farmacia y Ciencias de la Alimentación , Universidad de Barcelona, Barcelona , Spain
| | - Véronique Noé
- b Department of Biochemistry Physiology, Facultad de Farmacia y Ciencias de la Alimentación , Universidad de Barcelona, Barcelona , Spain
| | - Maria Izquierdo-Pulido
- a Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Gastronomy , Facultad de Farmacia y Ciencias de la Alimentación, Universidad de Barcelona , Barcelona , Spain
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21
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Horne TK, Cronjé MJ. Mechanistics and photo-energetics of macrocycles and photodynamic therapy: An overview of aspects to consider for research. Chem Biol Drug Des 2017; 89:221-242. [DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.12761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Revised: 03/24/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tamarisk K. Horne
- Department of Biochemistry; Faculty of Science; University of Johannesburg; Auckland Park South Africa
| | - Marianne J. Cronjé
- Department of Biochemistry; Faculty of Science; University of Johannesburg; Auckland Park South Africa
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22
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Gerardi C, Frassinetti S, Caltavuturo L, Leone A, Lecci R, Calabriso N, Carluccio MA, Blando F, Mita G. Anti-proliferative, anti-inflammatory and anti-mutagenic activities of a Prunus mahaleb L. anthocyanin-rich fruit extract. J Funct Foods 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2016.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
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23
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Xu DP, Zheng J, Zhou Y, Li Y, Li S, Li HB. Extraction of Natural Antioxidants from the Thelephora ganbajun Mushroom by an Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction Technique and Evaluation of Antiproliferative Activity of the Extract against Human Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17101664. [PMID: 27706082 PMCID: PMC5085697 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17101664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Revised: 09/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The Thelephora ganbajun mushroom has been found to be a potential rich source of natural antioxidants. In this study, an ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) technique together with GRAS (generally recognized as safe) solvents (ethanol and water) was used to maximize the extraction of antioxidants from Thelephora ganbajun. Five extraction parameters (ethanol concentration, solvent to solid ratio, extraction time, temperature and ultrasound power) were investigated by single-factor experiments, and then a central composite rotatable design was employed to study interaction of three key extraction parameters. The optimum conditions were as follows: 57.38% ethanol, 70.15 mL/g solvent to solid ratio, 10.58 min extraction time, 40 °C extraction temperature and 500 W ultrasound power. Under the optimum conditions, the antioxidant activity obtained was 346.98 ± 12.19 µmol Trolox/g DW, in accordance with the predicted value of 344.67 µmol Trolox/g DW. Comparison of UAE with conventional maceration and Soxhlet extraction, the UAE method showed stronger extract efficiency in a shorter extraction time. These results showed that UAE was an effective technique to extract antioxidants from Thelephora ganbajun. Furthermore, the extracts obtained under the optimized conditions exhibited antiproliferative activities toward human lung (A549), breast (MCF-7), liver (HepG2) and colon (HT-29) cancer cells, especially for liver and lung cancer cells. In addition, rutin, 2-hydrocinnamic acid and epicatechin were identified in the extract, which might contribute to antioxidant and antiproliferative activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Ping Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
| | - Jie Zheng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
| | - Yue Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
| | - Ya Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
| | - Sha Li
- School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China.
| | - Hua-Bin Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
- South China Sea Bioresource Exploitation and Utilization Collaborative Innovation Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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Chandel M, Kumar M, Sharma U, Kumar N, Singh B, Kaur S. Isolation and characterization of flavanols from Anthocephalus cadamba and evaluation of their antioxidant, antigenotoxic, cytotoxic and COX-2 inhibitory activities. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE FARMACOGNOSIA-BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACOGNOSY 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bjp.2016.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Zhao Y, Wu X, Wang Y, Jing R, Yue F. Comparing Physicochemical Properties of Hawthorn Superfine and Fine Powders. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.12834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Shandong University, Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry (Shandong University), Ministry of Education; Jinan 250100 People's Republic of China
| | - Xia Wu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Shandong University, Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry (Shandong University), Ministry of Education; Jinan 250100 People's Republic of China
| | - Yingjun Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Shandong University, Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry (Shandong University), Ministry of Education; Jinan 250100 People's Republic of China
| | - Ruijie Jing
- Department of Food Science and Engineering; Shandong Agriculture and Engineering Univeristy; Jinan 251100 People's Republic of China
| | - Fengli Yue
- Department of Food Science and Engineering; Shandong Agriculture and Engineering Univeristy; Jinan 251100 People's Republic of China
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Kim HS, Kim YJ, Seo YR. An Overview of Carcinogenic Heavy Metal: Molecular Toxicity Mechanism and Prevention. J Cancer Prev 2015; 20:232-40. [PMID: 26734585 PMCID: PMC4699750 DOI: 10.15430/jcp.2015.20.4.232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 294] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2015] [Revised: 12/12/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Almost all heavy metals are serious toxicants as carcinogens. However, due to their chemical and physiological properties, heavy metals are useful in industrial areas including alloy, smelting and production of commercial products. Such applications increase the opportunity for heavy metal exposure. Waste from industrial processes is also a major source of environmental contamination and accumulation in the human body. Arsenic, cadmium, chromium, and nickel are classified as group 1 carcinogens by the International Agency for Research on Cancer, and are utilized commercially. In this review, we used molecular pathway analysis to understand the toxicity and carcinogenic mechanisms of these metals. Our analyzed data showed that above-mentioned metallic substances induce oxidative stress, DNA damage, and cell death processes, resulting in increase the risk of cancer and cancer-related diseases. Thus, we might think phytochelatin molecules and antioxidative phytochemical substances are helpful for prevention of heavy metal-induced cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Soo Kim
- Institute of Environmental Medicine for Green Chemistry, Department of Life Science, Dongguk University Biomedical Campus, Goyang, Korea
| | - Yeo Jin Kim
- Institute of Environmental Medicine for Green Chemistry, Department of Life Science, Dongguk University Biomedical Campus, Goyang, Korea
| | - Young Rok Seo
- Institute of Environmental Medicine for Green Chemistry, Department of Life Science, Dongguk University Biomedical Campus, Goyang, Korea
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Antioxidant Phytochemicals for the Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Diseases. Molecules 2015; 20:21138-56. [PMID: 26633317 PMCID: PMC6331972 DOI: 10.3390/molecules201219753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 564] [Impact Index Per Article: 62.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2015] [Revised: 11/10/2015] [Accepted: 11/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Overproduction of oxidants (reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species) in the human body is responsible for the pathogenesis of some diseases. The scavenging of these oxidants is thought to be an effective measure to depress the level of oxidative stress of organisms. It has been reported that intake of vegetables and fruits is inversely associated with the risk of many chronic diseases, and antioxidant phytochemicals in vegetables and fruits are considered to be responsible for these health benefits. Antioxidant phytochemicals can be found in many foods and medicinal plants, and play an important role in the prevention and treatment of chronic diseases caused by oxidative stress. They often possess strong antioxidant and free radical scavenging abilities, as well as anti-inflammatory action, which are also the basis of other bioactivities and health benefits, such as anticancer, anti-aging, and protective action for cardiovascular diseases, diabetes mellitus, obesity and neurodegenerative diseases. This review summarizes recent progress on the health benefits of antioxidant phytochemicals, and discusses their potential mechanisms in the prevention and treatment of chronic diseases.
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Li W, Liu J, Guan R, Chen J, Yang D, Zhao Z, Wang D. Chemical characterization of procyanidins from Spatholobus suberectus and their antioxidative and anticancer activities. J Funct Foods 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2014.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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Alshatwi AA, Athinarayanan J, Vaiyapuri Subbarayan P. Green synthesis of platinum nanoparticles that induce cell death and G2/M-phase cell cycle arrest in human cervical cancer cells. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2015; 26:5330. [PMID: 25577212 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-014-5330-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2014] [Accepted: 07/20/2014] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Platinum-based chemotherapeutic drugs, including cisplatin, carboplatin, and oxaliplatin, have been used to manage cancer in spite of dose-dependent side effects, including nephrotoxicity, neurotoxicity and ototoxicity. These disadvantages have prompted the development of new strategies for cancer therapy that utilize functionalized nanoparticles as nanomedicines. In the present investigation, we have synthesized platinum nanoparticles using tea polyphenol (TPP) as both a reducing and surface modifying agent. The crystalline nature and morphology of the prepared TPP-functionalized platinum nanoparticles (TPP@Pt) were analyzed using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The XRD results revealed that the TPP@Pt had a crystalline nature with a face-centered cubic structure. TEM imaging suggested that the TTP@Pt are flower shaped with a well-dispersed 30-60 nm-sized TPP@Pt formation. Cervical cancer cells (SiHa) were then treated with different concentrations of TPP@Pt. The effects of TPP@Pt on cell viability, nuclear morphology and cell cycle distribution were investigated. A cell viability assay revealed that the proliferation of SiHa cells was inhibited by TPP@Pt. Propidium iodide nuclear staining indicated that TPP@Pt induced nuclear fragmentation and chromatin condensation. Treatment with TPP@Pt significantly increased the percentage of cells in the G2/M phase, which indicates induced cell cycle arrest in the G2/M phase and an increased number of cells in the subG0 cell death phase. These findings highlight a potential use of TPP@Pt in cervical cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali A Alshatwi
- Nanobiotechnology and Molecular Biology Research Laboratory, Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food Science and Agriculture, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh, 11451, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia,
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Patra JK, Das SK, Thatoi H. Phytochemical profiling and bioactivity of a mangrove plant, Sonneratia apetala, from Odisha Coast of India. Chin J Integr Med 2014; 21:274-85. [PMID: 25253550 DOI: 10.1007/s11655-014-1854-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To test the antioxidant, antidiabetic, anticancer and antibacterial activities along with phytochemicals of Sonneratia apetala Buch.-Ham. METHODS The antibacterial activity was determined by agar well diffusion method. The antioxidant activity was determined by standard assay. The antidiabetic activity was evaluated by α-glucosidase inhibition assay and in vivo anticancer property was determined against Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) cells in Swiss Albino mice. Further partial characterization of the methanol extracts was carried out by thin layer chromatography, high performance liquid chromatography, (1)H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and Fourier transform-infra red spectrum spectral analysis. RESULTS Four solvent extracts (acetone, ethanol, methanol and aqueous) of leaf and bark possess strong antioxidant properties. In vivo anticancer activity of methanol extract leaf indicated positive activity showing 34% inhibition against EAC cells in Swiss Albino mice. All extracts exhibited α-glucosidase inhibitory activity in a dose-dependent manner indicating presence of promising antidiabetic properties. The extracts possess strong antibacterial activity against the selected pathogenic bacteria (minimal inhibitory concentration ranging from 1.25-5.00 mg/mL). The partial characterization of the methanol extracts of leaf and bark revealed the presence of phenolics as the lead compound responsible for studied bioactivities of the plant extracts. CONCLUSION Sonneratia apetala extracts have potent antibacterial, antioxidant, antidiabetic and anticancer properties which can be further exploited for its pharmaceutical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayanta Kumar Patra
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Engineering and Technology, Biju Patnaik University of Technology, Bhubaneswar, 751003, India
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Chinembiri TN, du Plessis LH, Gerber M, Hamman JH, du Plessis J. Review of natural compounds for potential skin cancer treatment. Molecules 2014; 19:11679-721. [PMID: 25102117 PMCID: PMC6271439 DOI: 10.3390/molecules190811679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2014] [Revised: 07/17/2014] [Accepted: 07/23/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Most anti-cancer drugs are derived from natural resources such as marine, microbial and botanical sources. Cutaneous malignant melanoma is the most aggressive form of skin cancer, with a high mortality rate. Various treatments for malignant melanoma are available, but due to the development of multi-drug resistance, current or emerging chemotherapies have a relatively low success rates. This emphasizes the importance of discovering new compounds that are both safe and effective against melanoma. In vitro testing of melanoma cell lines and murine melanoma models offers the opportunity for identifying mechanisms of action of plant derived compounds and extracts. Common anti-melanoma effects of natural compounds include potentiating apoptosis, inhibiting cell proliferation and inhibiting metastasis. There are different mechanisms and pathways responsible for anti-melanoma actions of medicinal compounds such as promotion of caspase activity, inhibition of angiogenesis and inhibition of the effects of tumor promoting proteins such as PI3-K, Bcl-2, STAT3 and MMPs. This review thus aims at providing an overview of anti-cancer compounds, derived from natural sources, that are currently used in cancer chemotherapies, or that have been reported to show anti-melanoma, or anti-skin cancer activities. Phytochemicals that are discussed in this review include flavonoids, carotenoids, terpenoids, vitamins, sulforaphane, some polyphenols and crude plant extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tawona N Chinembiri
- Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa.
| | - Lissinda H du Plessis
- Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa.
| | - Minja Gerber
- Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa.
| | - Josias H Hamman
- Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa.
| | - Jeanetta du Plessis
- Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa.
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Islam SMA, Ahmed KT, Manik MK, Wahid MA, Kamal CSI. A comparative study of the antioxidant, antimicrobial, cytotoxic and thrombolytic potential of the fruits and leaves of Spondias dulcis. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2014; 3:682-91. [PMID: 23998007 DOI: 10.1016/s2221-1691(13)60139-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2013] [Accepted: 08/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the antioxidant, antimicrobial, cytotoxic and thrombolytic property of the fruits and leaves of Spondias dulcis (S. dulcis). METHODS Methanolic extracts of fruits and leaves of S. dulcis were partitioned with chloroform and dichloromethane. The antioxidant potential of the crude extract and partitioned fractions were evaluated in terms of total phenolic content, total flavonoid content, DPPH radical scavenging potential, reducing potential and total antioxidant capacity by specific standard procedures. The antimicrobial activity was evaluated using disc diffusion method. The cytotoxicity was evaluated by using brine shrimp lethality bioassay and compared with vincristine sulfate. The thrombolytic activity was compared with streptokinase. RESULTS The methanolic fruit extract exhibited the highest phenolic content, flavonoid content and antioxidant capacity, among the other extracts, with the highest DPPH radical scavenging activity at a concentration of 10 µg/mL (IC50: 1.91 µg/mL) and maximum reducing power at a concentration of 100 µg/mL (EC50: 3.58 µg/mL). Though all extract showed moderate antimicrobial activity against the bacterial strains, weak or no activity against fungus. The range of LC50 value of all extracts was 1.335-14.057 µg/mL which was far lower than the cut off index for cytotoxicity. All extracts exhibited statistically significant (P<0.001) thrombolytic activity. CONCLUSIONS Our study suggested that S. dulcis exhibits antimicrobial activities against a wide variety of strains while it possesses significant antioxidant, cytotoxic and thrombolytic activity.
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Luo F, Fu Y, Xiang Y, Yan S, Hu G, Huang X, Huang G, Sun C, Li X, Chen K. Identification and quantification of gallotannins in mango (Mangifera indica L.) kernel and peel and their antiproliferative activities. J Funct Foods 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2014.03.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
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Johansson E, Hussain A, Kuktaite R, Andersson SC, Olsson ME. Contribution of organically grown crops to human health. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2014; 11:3870-93. [PMID: 24717360 PMCID: PMC4025038 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph110403870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2014] [Revised: 03/27/2014] [Accepted: 03/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
An increasing interest in organic agriculture for food production is seen throughout the world and one key reason for this interest is the assumption that organic food consumption is beneficial to public health. The present paper focuses on the background of organic agriculture, important public health related compounds from crop food and variations in the amount of health related compounds in crops. In addition, influence of organic farming on health related compounds, on pesticide residues and heavy metals in crops, and relations between organic food and health biomarkers as well as in vitro studies are also the focus of the present paper. Nutritionally beneficial compounds of highest relevance for public health were micronutrients, especially Fe and Zn, and bioactive compounds such as carotenoids (including pro-vitamin A compounds), tocopherols (including vitamin E) and phenolic compounds. Extremely large variations in the contents of these compounds were seen, depending on genotype, climate, environment, farming conditions, harvest time, and part of the crop. Highest amounts seen were related to the choice of genotype and were also increased by genetic modification of the crop. Organic cultivation did not influence the content of most of the nutritional beneficial compounds, except the phenolic compounds that were increased with the amounts of pathogens. However, higher amounts of pesticide residues and in many cases also of heavy metals were seen in the conventionally produced crops compared to the organic ones. Animal studies as well as in vitro studies showed a clear indication of a beneficial effect of organic food/extracts as compared to conventional ones. Thus, consumption of organic food seems to be positive from a public health point of view, although the reasons are unclear, and synergistic effects between various constituents within the food are likely.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Johansson
- Department of Plant Breeding, The Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 101, Alnarp, SE 23053, Sweden.
| | - Abrar Hussain
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS Institute of InformationTechnology, Sahiwal Campus, Comsats Road, Sahiwal 57000, Pakistan.
| | - Ramune Kuktaite
- Department of Plant Breeding, The Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 101, Alnarp, SE 23053, Sweden.
| | - Staffan C Andersson
- Department of Plant Breeding, The Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 101, Alnarp, SE 23053, Sweden.
| | - Marie E Olsson
- Department of Plant Breeding, The Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 101, Alnarp, SE 23053, Sweden.
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ALENCAR DANIELBDE, SILVA SUZETERDA, PIRES-CAVALCANTE KELMAM, LIMA REBECALDE, PEREIRA JÚNIOR FRANCISCON, SOUSA MÁRCIABDE, VIANA FRANCISCOA, NAGANO CELSOS, NASCIMENTO KYRIASDO, CAVADA BENILDOS, SAMPAIO ALEXANDREH, SAKER-SAMPAIO SILVANA. Antioxidant potential and cytotoxic activity of two red seaweed species, Amansia multifida and Meristiella echinocarpa, from the coast of Northeastern Brazil. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2014; 86:251-63. [DOI: 10.1590/0001-37652014116312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2012] [Accepted: 04/04/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural antioxidants found in marine macroalgae are bioactive compounds known to play an important role in the prevention of diseases associated with aging cells protecting them against the oxidative damage. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant and cytotoxic activity of ethanolic extracts of two species of red seaweeds, Amansia multifida and Meristiella echinocarpa. In vitro antioxidant activity was determined by DPPH radical scavenging assay, ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay, ferrous ion chelating (FIC) assay, β-carotene bleaching (BCB) assay and total phenolic content (TPC) quantification. Cytotoxicity was evaluated with the brine shrimp Artemia sp. lethality test. The TPC values observed in the present study indicated that both species A. multifida and M. echinocarpa are rich in phenolic compounds, reaching values of 45.40 and 28.46 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE) g−1 of ethanolic extract, respectively. DPPH radical scavenging and ferrous ion chelating showed values of 60% and 17%, respectively. Both seaweed extracts inhibited β-carotene oxidation by approximately 40%. None of the algal extracts were potentially cytotoxic. The results have showed that extracts of both species of marine red algae exhibit antioxidant potential and low toxicity. They are sources of natural antioxidant compounds.
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Kancheva V, Slavova-Kazakova A, Fabbri D, Dettori MA, Delogu G, Janiak M, Amarowicz R. Protective effects of equimolar mixtures of monomer and dimer of dehydrozingerone with α-tocopherol and/or ascorbyl palmitate during bulk lipid autoxidation. Food Chem 2014; 157:263-74. [PMID: 24679780 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.02.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2013] [Revised: 11/12/2013] [Accepted: 02/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Protective effects of recently synthesised dehydrozingerone, M1OH (which is one half of the molecule of curcumin) and dimer of dehydrozingerone, D1(OH)2, as individual compounds (1 mM) and as equimolar binary (1:1) and ternary (1:1:1) mixtures with α-tocopherol (TOH) and/or ascorbyl palmitate (AscPH), were studied during bulk lipid autoxidation at 80 °C. The highest oxidation stability of lipid substrate, in the presence of individual compounds, was found for TOH, followed by D1(OH)2 and M1OH, determined from the main kinetic parameters (antioxidant efficiency, reactivity and capacity). AscPH did not show any protective effect. Synergism was obtained for the binary mixtures of (TOH+AscPH) [42.4%], (M1OH+TOH) [32.4%] and (M1OH+AscPH) [35.6%] and for the ternary mixture of (M1OH+TOH+AscPH) [28.7%]. Different protective effects observed were explained on the basis (of results) of TOH regeneration and its content determined by HPLC. These antioxidant binary and ternary mixtures can be used as functional components of foods with health-promoting effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vessela Kancheva
- Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Street, bl. 9, Sofia 1113, Bulgaria.
| | - Adriana Slavova-Kazakova
- Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Street, bl. 9, Sofia 1113, Bulgaria
| | - Davide Fabbri
- CNR Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare di Sassari, Traversa La Crucca 3, I-07100 Sassari-Baldinca, Italy
| | - Maria Antonietta Dettori
- CNR Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare di Sassari, Traversa La Crucca 3, I-07100 Sassari-Baldinca, Italy
| | - Giovanna Delogu
- CNR Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare di Sassari, Traversa La Crucca 3, I-07100 Sassari-Baldinca, Italy
| | - Michał Janiak
- Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Tuwina Street 10, 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Ryszard Amarowicz
- Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Tuwina Street 10, 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland
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Bioactive metabolites from macrofungi: ethnopharmacology, biological activities and chemistry. FUNGAL DIVERS 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s13225-013-0265-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Saxena S, Gautam S, Sharma A. Comparative evaluation of antimutagenicity of commonly consumed fruits and activity-guided identification of bioactive principles from the most potent fruit, Java plum (Syzygium cumini). JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2013; 61:10033-10042. [PMID: 24073660 DOI: 10.1021/jf403005x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Commonly consumed fruits showed remarkable variation in antimutagenicity when assayed by E. coli rifampicin resistance assay, and Java plum (Syzygium cumini) was found to be one of the most potent fruits. Its anthocyanins contributed maximally to the observed antimutagenicity and resolved into three distinct bands in HPTLC. Although these bands displayed similar antioxidant capacity, the band at R(f) 0.22 was the most antimutagenic and resolved into two peaks in HPLC. The second peak (t(R) 3.8 min) displayed a strong and broad spectrum antimutagenicity and was identified as petunidin-3,5-diglucoside by analysis of its molecular ion and fragmentation pattern by ESI-MS/MS. The presence of glucose moiety was confirmed by TLC analysis of acid-hydrolyzed products. This purified anthocyanin was found to suppress mutagenic SOS DNA repair process in E. coli and thus indicated suppression of the error-prone DNA repair pathway as one of the major mechanisms of antimutagenicity of this fruit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudhanshu Saxena
- Food Technology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre , Mumbai-400085, India
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Shashirekha MN, Mallikarjuna SE, Rajarathnam S. Status of Bioactive Compounds in Foods, with Focus on Fruits and Vegetables. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2013; 55:1324-39. [DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2012.692736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Brazilein from Caesalpinia sappan L. Antioxidant Inhibits Adipocyte Differentiation and Induces Apoptosis through Caspase-3 Activity and Anthelmintic Activities against Hymenolepis nana and Anisakis simplex. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2013; 2013:864892. [PMID: 23554834 PMCID: PMC3608347 DOI: 10.1155/2013/864892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2012] [Revised: 02/02/2013] [Accepted: 02/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Brazilein, a natural, biologically active compound from Caesalpinia sappan L., has been shown to exhibit anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties and to inhibit the growth of several cancer cells. This study verifies the antioxidant and antitumor characteristics of brazilein in skin cancer cells and is the first time to elucidate the inhibition mechanism of adipocyte differentiation, cestocidal activities against Hymenolepis nana, and reduction of spontaneous movement in Anisakis simplex. Brazilein exhibits an antioxidant capacity as well as the ability to scavenge DPPH• and ABTS•+ free radicals and to inhibit lipid peroxidation. Brazilein inhibited intracellular lipid accumulation during adipocyte differentiation in 3T3-L1 cells and suppressed the induction of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ), the master regulator of adipogenesis, suggesting that brazilein presents the antiobesity effects. The toxic effects of brazilein were evaluated in terms of cell viability, induction of apoptosis, and the activity of caspase-3 in BCC cells. The inhibition of the growth of skin cancer cells (A431, BCC, and SCC25) by brazilein is greater than that of human skin malignant melanoma (A375) cells, mouse leukemic monocyte macrophage (RAW 264.7 cells), and noncancerous cells (HaCaT and BNLCL2 cells). The anthelmintic activities of brazilein against Hymenolepis nana are better than those of Anisakis simplex.
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Firdaus M, Prihanto AA, Nurdiani R. Antioxidant and cytotoxic activity of Acanthus ilicifolius flower. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2013; 3:17-21. [PMID: 23570011 PMCID: PMC3609388 DOI: 10.1016/s2221-1691(13)60017-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2012] [Accepted: 12/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the antioxidant and cytotoxic activity of the flower of Acanthus ilicifolius (A. ilicifolius). METHODS Antioxidant activity was determined as antiradical efficiency with diphenyl picrylhydrazil (DPPH) method and cytotoxic assay was undertaken using brine shrimp lethal toxicity test. RESULTS A. ilicifolius flower contained terpenoid, phenolic compounds, and alkaloid. The methanol extract of A. ilicifolius flower showed the highest antiradical efficiency (AE=1.41×10(-3)) against DPPH radicals and the highest cytotoxicity (LC50=22 µg/mL) against brine shrimp nauplii. CONCLUSIONS It is suggested that active compounds of A. ilicifolius flower solved in methanol play a role to inhibit free radical activity and kill Artemia salina nauplii. The substances can be considered as potential antioxidant and cytotoxic agents as well as imminent candidate for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Asep Awaludin Prihanto
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, Brawijaya University, Malang-65145, Indonesia
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Ravi A, Alvala M, Sama V, Kalle AM, Irlapati VK, Reddy BM. Anticancer activity of Pupalia lappacea on chronic myeloid leukemia K562 cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 20:86. [PMID: 23351440 PMCID: PMC3559012 DOI: 10.1186/2008-2231-20-86] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2012] [Accepted: 11/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED BACKGROUND Cancer is one of the most prominent human diseases which has enthused scientific and commercial interest in the discovery of newer anticancer agents from natural sources. Here we demonstrated the anticancer activity of ethanolic extract of aerial parts of Pupalia lappacea (L) Juss (Amaranthaceae) (EAPL) on Chronic Myeloid Leukemia K562 cells. METHODS Antiproliferative activity of EAPL was determined by MTT assay using carvacrol as a positive control. Induction of apoptosis was studied by annexin V, mitochondrial membrane potential, caspase activation and cell cycle analysis using flow cytometer and modulation in protein levels of p53, PCNA, Bax and Bcl2 ratio, cytochrome c and cleavage of PARP were studied by Western blot analysis. The standardization of the extract was performed through reverse phase-HPLC using Rutin as biomarker. RESULTS The results showed dose dependent decrease in growth of K562 cells with an IC50 of 40 ± 0.01 μg/ml by EAPL. Induction of apoptosis by EAPL was dose dependent with the activation of p53, inhibition of PCNA, decrease in Bcl2/Bax ratio, decrease in the mitochondrial membrane potential resulting in release of cytochrome c, activation of multicaspase and cleavage of PARP. Further HPLC standardization of EAPL showed presence 0.024% of Rutin. CONCLUSION Present study significantly demonstrates anticancer activity of EAPL on Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (K562) cells which can lead to potential therapeutic agent in treating cancer. Rutin, a known anti cancer compound is being reported and quantified for the first time from EAPL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvala Ravi
- G,Pulla Reddy College of Pharmacy, Mehdipatnam, Hyderabad, 500 028, AP, India.
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Nguyen TTT, Shaw PN, Parat MO, Hewavitharana AK. Anticancer activity ofCarica papaya: A review. Mol Nutr Food Res 2012; 57:153-64. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201200388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2012] [Revised: 09/16/2012] [Accepted: 10/09/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thao T. T. Nguyen
- School of Pharmacy,; The University of Queensland; Brisbane; Australia
| | - Paul N. Shaw
- School of Pharmacy,; The University of Queensland; Brisbane; Australia
| | - Marie-Odile Parat
- School of Pharmacy,; The University of Queensland; Brisbane; Australia
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Abrahim NN, Kanthimathi MS, Abdul-Aziz A. Piper betle shows antioxidant activities, inhibits MCF-7 cell proliferation and increases activities of catalase and superoxide dismutase. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2012; 12:220. [PMID: 23153283 PMCID: PMC3533855 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-12-220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2012] [Accepted: 11/07/2012] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer is the most common form of cancer and the focus on finding chemotherapeutic agents have recently shifted to natural products. Piper betle is a medicinal plant with various biological activities. However, not much data is available on the anti-cancer effects of P. betle on breast cancer. Due to the current interest in the potential effects of antioxidants from natural products in breast cancer treatment, we investigated the antioxidant activities of the leaves of P. betle and its inhibitory effect on the proliferation of the breast cancer cell line, MCF-7. METHODS The leaves of P. betle were extracted with solvents of varying polarities (water, methanol, ethyl acetate and hexane) and their phenolic and flavonoid content were determined using colorimetric assays. Phenolic composition was characterized using HPLC. Antioxidant activities were measured using FRAP, DPPH, superoxide anion, nitric oxide and hyroxyl radical scavenging assays. Biological activities of the extracts were analysed using MTT assay and antioxidant enzyme (catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase) assays in MCF-7 cells. RESULTS Overall, the ethyl acetate extract showed the highest ferric reducing activity and radical scavenging activities against DPPH, superoxide anion and nitric oxide radicals. This extract also contained the highest phenolic content implying the potential contribution of phenolics towards the antioxidant activities. HPLC analyses revealed the presence of catechin, morin and quercetin in the leaves. The ethyl acetate extract also showed the highest inhibitory effect against the proliferation of MCF-7 cells (IC50=65 μg/ml). Treatment of MCF-7 cells with the plant extract increased activities of catalase and superoxide dismutase. CONCLUSIONS Ethyl acetate is the optimal solvent for the extraction of compounds with antioxidant and anti-proliferative activities. The increased activities of catalase and superoxide dismutase in the treated cells could alter the antioxidant defense system, potentially contributing towards the anti-proliferative effect. There is great potential for the ethyl acetate extract of P. betle leaf as a source of natural antioxidants and to be developed as therapeutics in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noor Nazirahanie Abrahim
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- University of Malaya Centre for Proteomics Research, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - M S Kanthimathi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- University of Malaya Centre for Proteomics Research, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Azlina Abdul-Aziz
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- University of Malaya Centre for Proteomics Research, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Frassinetti S, Della Croce CM, Caltavuturo L, Longo V. Antimutagenic and antioxidant activity of Lisosan G in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Food Chem 2012; 135:2029-34. [PMID: 22953954 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.06.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2012] [Revised: 05/30/2012] [Accepted: 06/25/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In the present study the antimutagenic and antioxidant effects of a powder of grain (Lisosan G) in yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae were studied. Results showed that Lisosan G treatment decreased significantly the intracellular ROS concentration and mutagenesis induced by hydrogen peroxide in S. cerevisiae D7 strain. The effect of Lisosan G was then evaluated by using superoxide dismutase (SOD) proficient and deficient strains of S. cerevisiae. Lisosan G showed protective activity in sod1Δ and sod2Δ mutant strains, indicating an in vivo antioxidant effect. A high radical scavenging activity of Lisosan G was also demonstrated in vitro using the oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) assay. The obtained results showed a protective effect of Lisosan G in yeast cells, indicating that its antioxidant capacity contributes to its antimutagenic action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Frassinetti
- National Research Council, Institute of Biology and Agricultural Biotechnology (IBBA), Pisa Unit, Research Area of Pisa, Via Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
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