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Giribaldi M, Nebbia S, Briard-Bion V, Jardin J, Ménard O, Dupont D, Coscia A, Cresi F, Lamberti C, Cavallarin L, Deglaire A. Peptidomic profile of human milk as influenced by fortification with different protein sources: An in vitro dynamic digestion simulation. Food Chem 2025; 462:140886. [PMID: 39213965 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.140886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 08/02/2024] [Accepted: 08/13/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Fortification of human milk (HM) is often necessary to meet the nutritional requirements of preterm infants. The present experiment aimed to establish whether the supplementation of HM with either an experimental donkey milk-derived fortifier containing whole donkey milk proteins, or with a commercial bovine milk-derived fortifier containing hydrolyzed bovine whey proteins, affects peptide release differently during digestion. The experiment was conducted using an in vitro dynamic system designed to simulate the preterm infant's digestion followed by digesta analysis by means of LC-MS-MS. The different fortifiers did not appear to influence the cumulative intensity of HM peptides. Fortification had a differential impact on the release of either donkey or bovine bioactive peptides. Donkey milk peptides showed antioxidant/ACE inhibitory activities, while bovine peptides showed opioid, dipeptil- and propyl endo- peptidase inhibitory and antimicrobial activity. A slight delay in peptide release from human lactoferrin and α-lactalbumin was observed when HM was supplemented with donkey milk-derived fortifier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzia Giribaldi
- CNR Institute of Sciences of Food Production, Largo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, TO, Italy.
| | - Stefano Nebbia
- CNR Institute of Sciences of Food Production, Largo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, TO, Italy; INRAE, L'Institut Agro, Science et Technologie du Lait et de l'Oeuf, 65 Rue de St Brieuc, 35042 Rennes, France
| | - Valerie Briard-Bion
- INRAE, L'Institut Agro, Science et Technologie du Lait et de l'Oeuf, 65 Rue de St Brieuc, 35042 Rennes, France.
| | - Julien Jardin
- INRAE, L'Institut Agro, Science et Technologie du Lait et de l'Oeuf, 65 Rue de St Brieuc, 35042 Rennes, France.
| | - Olivia Ménard
- INRAE, L'Institut Agro, Science et Technologie du Lait et de l'Oeuf, 65 Rue de St Brieuc, 35042 Rennes, France.
| | - Didier Dupont
- INRAE, L'Institut Agro, Science et Technologie du Lait et de l'Oeuf, 65 Rue de St Brieuc, 35042 Rennes, France.
| | - Alessandra Coscia
- Neonatal Unit, University of Turin, City of Health and Science of Turin, via Ventimiglia 3, 10126 Turin, Italy.
| | - Francesco Cresi
- Neonatal Unit, University of Turin, City of Health and Science of Turin, via Ventimiglia 3, 10126 Turin, Italy.
| | - Cristina Lamberti
- CNR Institute of Sciences of Food Production, Largo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, TO, Italy.
| | - Laura Cavallarin
- CNR Institute of Sciences of Food Production, Largo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, TO, Italy.
| | - Amélie Deglaire
- INRAE, L'Institut Agro, Science et Technologie du Lait et de l'Oeuf, 65 Rue de St Brieuc, 35042 Rennes, France.
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Khan MZ, Chen W, Li M, Ren W, Huang B, Kou X, Ullah Q, Wei L, Wang T, Khan A, Zhang Z, Li L, Wang C. Is there sufficient evidence to support the health benefits of including donkey milk in the diet? Front Nutr 2024; 11:1404998. [PMID: 39385792 PMCID: PMC11462490 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1404998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 09/11/2024] [Indexed: 10/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Donkey milk has attracted attention due to its distinctive nutritional composition and potential health advantages, particularly because of its whey protein content, which includes lysozyme, α-lactalbumin, lactoferrin, and β-lactoglobulin and vitamin C, among other components. These elements contribute to immunoregulatory, antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties, positioning donkey milk as a possible therapeutic option. In addition, due to the low levels of caseins, the casein-to-whey protein ratio, and the β-lactoglobulin content in donkey milk, it presents an optimal alternative for infant formula for individuals with cow's milk allergies. Moreover, research into donkey milk's potential for cancer prevention, diabetes management, and as a treatment for various diseases is ongoing, thanks to its bioactive peptides and components. Nevertheless, challenges such as its low production yield and the not fully understood mechanisms behind its potential therapeutic role necessitate more thorough investigation. This review consolidates the existing knowledge on the therapeutic possibilities of donkey milk, emphasizing its importance for human health and the need for more detailed studies to confirm its health benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Zahoor Khan
- Liaocheng Research Institute of Donkey High-Efficiency Breeding and Ecological Feeding, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China
| | - Wenting Chen
- Liaocheng Research Institute of Donkey High-Efficiency Breeding and Ecological Feeding, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China
| | - Mengmeng Li
- Liaocheng Research Institute of Donkey High-Efficiency Breeding and Ecological Feeding, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China
| | - Wei Ren
- Liaocheng Research Institute of Donkey High-Efficiency Breeding and Ecological Feeding, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China
| | - Bingjian Huang
- Liaocheng Research Institute of Donkey High-Efficiency Breeding and Ecological Feeding, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China
| | - Xiyan Kou
- Liaocheng Research Institute of Donkey High-Efficiency Breeding and Ecological Feeding, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China
| | - Qudrat Ullah
- Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Cholistan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Lin Wei
- Liaocheng Research Institute of Donkey High-Efficiency Breeding and Ecological Feeding, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China
| | - Tongtong Wang
- Liaocheng Research Institute of Donkey High-Efficiency Breeding and Ecological Feeding, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China
| | - Adnan Khan
- Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhenwei Zhang
- Liaocheng Research Institute of Donkey High-Efficiency Breeding and Ecological Feeding, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China
| | - Liangliang Li
- Liaocheng Research Institute of Donkey High-Efficiency Breeding and Ecological Feeding, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China
| | - Changfa Wang
- Liaocheng Research Institute of Donkey High-Efficiency Breeding and Ecological Feeding, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China
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Randhawa I, Marsteller N. Long-term efficacy and safety of cow's milk anaphylaxis specific immunotherapy: Allergen unresponsiveness via the Tolerance Induction Program. THE JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY. GLOBAL 2024; 3:100285. [PMID: 38983112 PMCID: PMC11231699 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacig.2024.100285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
Background Tolerance Induction Program (TIP) immunotherapy applies machine learning contextualized on immunologic and food protein data sets. TIP has established efficacy toward peanut allergy. This form of treatment demonstrates equal efficacy toward cow's milk anaphylaxis. TIP maintains remission outcomes defined as a minimum of 7 days of allergen unresponsiveness to high-dose protein exposures. Furthermore, remission patients openly consume unrestricted amounts of dairy protein. Objective We sought to assess the rate of decline in specific IgE specific whole and component-resolved diagnostics following 1 year of TIP milk immunotherapy. Methods The study comprised 214 cow milk anaphylactic children who underwent TIP at the Translational Pulmonary & Immunology Research Center/Food Allergy Institute. Postintervention changes in cow milk specific IgE, component-resolved diagnostics, and specific IgG4 were assessed. Results After 1 year of 10-g dairy protein weekly sustained unresponsiveness, eosinophil count decreased from 558.38 to 409.26 cells/μL, the mean cow milk IgE decreased from 16.91 to 9.10 kU/L, the mean boiled cow milk IgE decreased from 12.89 to 6.03 kU/L, the mean Bos D4 decreased from 7.38 to 3.52 kU/L, the mean Bos D5 decreased from 6.79 to 3.16 kU/L, and the mean Bos D8 decreased from 13.55 to 6.62 kU/L. Adverse events were rare. Conclusions TIP cow milk immunotherapy significantly reduced cow milk specific IgE and component-resolved diagnostics while increasing specific IgG4 in cow milk anaphylactic children. TIP demonstrates safety and clinical efficacy in cow milk anaphylaxis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nathan Marsteller
- Translational Pulmonary & Immunology Research Center, Long Beach, Calif
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Zhang J, Polidori P, Pucciarelli S, Vici G, Polzonetti V, Renzi S, Wei F, Han F, Li X, Vincenzetti S. The Aggregated and Micellar Forms of β-Casein Purified from Donkey and Bovine Milk Present Potential as Carriers for Bioactive Nutritional Compounds. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:15416-15426. [PMID: 38955361 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c02052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, there has been a growing interest in the pure casein fraction of milk protein, particularly β-casein due to its physicochemical properties as well as its bio- and techno-functional properties. The utilization of self-assembled β-caseins from bovine origin as nanocarriers for the delivery of nutraceutical compounds or drugs has increased dramatically. Concerning β-caseins from other milk sources, the use of hypoallergenic donkey β-caseins as a potential delivery vehicle for nutraceutical hydrophobic compounds is beginning to generate interest. The present review deals with casein micelles models, bovine and donkey β-casein molecular structures, as well as their physical-chemical properties that account for their exploitation in nutraceutics and pharmaceutics. This review work suggests the possibility of developing delivery systems for hydrophobic bioactive compounds using β-casein purified from hypoallergenic donkey milk, highlighting the potential of this protein as an innovative and promising vehicle for enhancing the enrichment and bioavailability of various bioactive substances in food products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong 252000, P. R. China
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, via Gentile III da Varano, Camerino, Macerata 62032, Italy
| | - Paolo Polidori
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, via Gentile III da Varano, Camerino, Macerata 62032, Italy
| | - Stefania Pucciarelli
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, via Gentile III da Varano, Camerino, Macerata 62032, Italy
| | - Giorgia Vici
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, via Gentile III da Varano, Camerino, Macerata 62032, Italy
| | - Valeria Polzonetti
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, via Gentile III da Varano, Camerino, Macerata 62032, Italy
| | - Sofia Renzi
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, via Gentile III da Varano, Camerino, Macerata 62032, Italy
| | - Fuyao Wei
- School of Pharmacy, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong 252000, P. R. China
| | - Fubo Han
- School of Pharmacy, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong 252000, P. R. China
| | - Xiaojing Li
- School of Pharmacy, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong 252000, P. R. China
| | - Silvia Vincenzetti
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, via Gentile III da Varano, Camerino, Macerata 62032, Italy
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Ning J, Chen J, Zhu Q, Shi M, Chen J, Liu X, Luo X, Yue X. Peptidome profiling of human, bovine, and donkey colostrum through label-free quantitative analysis reveals proteolysis of milk proteins. Food Funct 2024; 15:7161-7173. [PMID: 38888609 DOI: 10.1039/d4fo00689e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Proteins and peptides play vital roles in different biological processes in vivo. As a dynamic hydrolysis system, milk is rich in proteins and proteases and provides a constant supply of endogenous bioactive peptides to newborn mammals. Previous studies have primarily focused on researching bioactive peptides by adding exogenous enzymes to milk samples. However, such an approach overlooks the significance of endogenous peptides and parent proteins that naturally exist in milk. Herein, we analyzed and compared parent proteins and their releasing peptides in human colostrum (HC), bovine colostrum (BC), and donkey colostrum (DC). The predominant proteins and hydrolyzed peptides in the three types of milk were identified. Among them, peptides were found to possess common bioactivities, including ACE inhibitory, antioxidant, antibacterial and immunomodulatory properties in HC, BC, and DC. Furthermore, the biological functions of these parent proteins were clarified using bioinformatics. These insights offer a novel perspective on natural bioactive peptides and the potential utilization of specific parent proteins and peptides to develop infant formulae derived from diverse milk sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianting Ning
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China.
| | - Jialu Chen
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China.
| | - Qing Zhu
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China.
| | - Mingyue Shi
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China.
| | - Jiali Chen
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China.
| | - Xiaoyu Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Xue Luo
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China.
| | - Xiqing Yue
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China.
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Dettori ML, Pazzola M, Noce A, Landi V, Vacca GM. Variations in Casein Genes Are Associated with Milk Protein and Fat Contents in Sarda Goats ( Capra hircus), with an Important Role of CSN1S2 for Milk Yield. Animals (Basel) 2023; 14:56. [PMID: 38200787 PMCID: PMC10778555 DOI: 10.3390/ani14010056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
This work aimed to assess the variability of casein genes in a population of 153 bucks and 825 lactating does of the Sarda breed, and to perform association analysis between polymorphic sites and milk yield and composition traits. To genotype the casein genes, we chose an SNP panel including 44 SNPs mapping to the four casein genes CSN1S1, CSN2, CSN1S2, and CSN3. Genotyping (made by KASP™ genotyping assay, based on competitive allele-specific PCR) revealed the high variability of the Sarda goat, and haplotype analysis revealed linkage disequilibrium (LD) between CSN1S1 and CSN2 genes, in addition to two LD blocks within the CSN1S2 and two LD blocks within the CSN3 gene, in bucks and does. Association analysis revealed that variability at all four casein genes was associated with milk protein content, total solids, and milk energy. The three Ca-sensitive casein genes were associated with lipid content, and CSN1S2 showed a unique pattern, with intron variants associated with milk yield, in addition to milk pH, NaCl, and SCS (Somatic Cell Score). This information might prove useful in selection schemes and in future investigations aiming to better understand the biology of lactation, and the direct link between genotype and phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Luisa Dettori
- Dipartimento Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (M.P.); (G.M.V.)
| | - Michele Pazzola
- Dipartimento Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (M.P.); (G.M.V.)
| | - Antonia Noce
- Centre de Recerca Agrigenòmica (CRAG), Campus Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain;
| | - Vincenzo Landi
- Dipartimento Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, 70121 Bari, Italy;
| | - Giuseppe Massimo Vacca
- Dipartimento Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (M.P.); (G.M.V.)
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Zhou M, Huang F, Du X, Liu G, Wang C. Analysis of the Differentially Expressed Proteins in Donkey Milk in Different Lactation Stages. Foods 2023; 12:4466. [PMID: 38137269 PMCID: PMC10742469 DOI: 10.3390/foods12244466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Proteins in donkey milk (DM) have special biological activities. However, the bioactive proteins and their expression regulation in donkey milk are still unclear. Thus, the differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) in DM in different lactation stages were first investigated by data-independent acquisition (DIA) proteomics. A total of 805 proteins were characterized in DM. The composition and content of milk proteins varied with the lactation stage. A total of 445 candidate DEPs related to biological processes and molecular functions were identified between mature milk and colostrum. The 219 down-regulated DEPs were mainly related to complement and coagulation cascades, staphylococcus aureus infection, systemic lupus erythematosus, prion diseases, AGE-RAGE signaling pathways in diabetic complications, and pertussis. The 226 up-regulated DEPs were mainly involved in metabolic pathways related to nutrient (fat, carbohydrate, nucleic acid, and vitamin) metabolism. Some other DEPs in milk from the lactation period of 30 to 180 days also had activities such as promoting cell proliferation, promoting antioxidant, immunoregulation, anti-inflammatory, and antibacterial effects, and enhancing skin moisture. DM can be used as a nutritional substitute for infants, as well as for cosmetic and medical purposes. Our results provide important insights for understanding the bioactive protein differences in DM in different lactation stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaomiao Zhou
- School of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Liaocheng Research Institute of Donkey High-Efficiency Breeding and Ecological Feeding, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252000, China (C.W.)
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Ning J, Yang M, Liu W, Luo X, Yue X. Proteomics and Peptidomics As a Tool to Compare the Proteins and Endogenous Peptides in Human, Cow, and Donkey Milk. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:16435-16451. [PMID: 37882656 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c04534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
Cow's milk is the most widely used ingredient in infant formulas. However, its specific protein composition can cause allergic reactions. Finding alternatives to replace cow's milk and fill the nutritional gap with human milk is essential for the health of infants. Proteomic and peptidomic techniques have supported the elucidation of milk's nutritional ingredients. Recently, omics approaches have attracted increasing interest in the investigation of milk because of their high throughput, precision, sensitivity, and reproducibility. This review offers a significant overview of recent developments in proteomics and peptidomics used to study the differences in human, cow, and donkey milk. All three types of milks were identified to have critical biological functions in human health, particularly in infants. Donkey milk proteins were closer in composition to human milk, were less likely to cause allergic reactions, and may be developed as novel raw materials for formula milk powders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianting Ning
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, People's Republic of China
| | - Mei Yang
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, People's Republic of China
| | - Wanting Liu
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue Luo
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiqing Yue
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, People's Republic of China
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de Oliveira Moura Araújo E, Gavioli EC, Holanda VAD, da Silva VC, Oliveira Nunes Messias TB, Dutra LMG, de Oliveira MC, Ramos do Egypto Queiroga RDC, Guerra GCB, Soares JKB. REPEATED DONKEY MILK CONSUMPTION REDUCES ANXIETY-LIKE BEHAVIORS AND BRAIN OXIDATIVE DAMAGE TO LIPIDS IN MICE. Behav Brain Res 2023; 449:114477. [PMID: 37150444 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2023.114477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Donkey milk (DM) is a source of bioactive compounds that can benefit neural functioning. In the present study, we investigated the effects of DM consumption on anxiolytic-related, despair-like, locomotion and coordination behaviors, as well as the provision of protection from oxidative damage to lipids and proteins in brain tissues and melatonin plasma levels. To achieve this, male mice orally received DM (4g.kg-1) or vehicle for 18 days. Their behavior was assessed in the following tests: elevated plus maze (EPM), open field and rotarod tests (OF, RR) and forced swimming test (FST). Acute treatments with diazepam (DZP, 1.5mg.kg-1, v.o.), fluoxetine (FLX, 20mg.kg-1, i.p.) and nortriptyline (NTP, 20mg.kg-1, i.p.) were used as positive controls. On the eighteenth day, the animals were euthanized and brain tissue and blood were collected to measure oxidative damage, and melatonin plasma levels. Similar to DZP, repeated DM consumption reduced exploration to open areas in the EPM test. Under our experimental conditions, conventional antidepressants reduced immobility time in the FST, and the benzodiazepine treatment impaired motor coordination in mice. No significant differences in locomotion, motor coordination and despair-related behaviors were observed in the mice treated with DM when assessed in the EPM, OF, RR and FST, respectively. Biochemical assays showed that repeated DM exposition protected against oxidative damage to lipids and increased plasma levels of melatonin. These findings suggest consumption of DM may be a promising food for the treatment of anxiety-related disorders, without depressant effects on the central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elaine Cristina Gavioli
- Department of Biophysics and Pharmacology, Biosciences Centre, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | | | - Valéria Costa da Silva
- Department of Biophysics and Pharmacology, Biosciences Centre, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | | | | | - Matheus Cardoso de Oliveira
- Department of Biophysics and Pharmacology, Biosciences Centre, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | | | | | - Juliana Kessia Barbosa Soares
- Department of Food Engineering, Technology Centre, Federal University of Paraíba, Brazil; Center of Education and Health, Federal University of Campina Grande, Cuité, Brazil
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Li A, He H, Chen Y, Liao F, Tang J, Li L, Fan Y, Li L, Xiong L. Effects of donkey milk on UVB-induced skin barrier damage and melanin pigmentation: A network pharmacology and experimental validation study. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1121498. [PMID: 36969816 PMCID: PMC10033878 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1121498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
IntroductionDairy products have long been regarded as a controversial nutrient for the skin. However, a clear demonstration of donkey milk (DM) on skincare is required.MethodsIn this study, spectrum and chemical component analyses were applied to DM. Then, the effects of DM on UVB-induced skin barrier damage and melanin pigmentation were first evaluated in vitro and in vivo. Cell survival, animal models, and expression of filaggrin (FLG) were determined to confirm the effect of DM on UVB-induced skin barrier damage. Melanogenesis and tyrosinase (TYR) activity were assessed after UVB irradiation to clarify the effect of DM on whitening activities. Further, a network pharmacology method was applied to study the interaction between DM ingredients and UVB-induced skin injury. Meanwhile, an analysis of the melanogenesis molecular target network was developed and validated to predict the melanogenesis regulators in DM.ResultsDM was rich in cholesterols, fatty acids, vitamins and amino acids. The results of evaluation of whitening activities in vitro and in vivo indicated that DM had a potent inhibitory effect on melanin synthesis. The results of effects of DM on UVB‑induced skin barrier damage indicated that DM inhibited UVB-induced injury and restored skin barrier function via up-regulation expression of FLG (filaggrin). The pharmacological network of DM showed that DM regulated steroid biosynthesis and fatty acid metabolism in keratinocytes and 64 melanin targets which the main contributing role of DM might target melanogenesis, cell adhesion molecules (CAMs), and Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) pathway.DiscussionThese results highlight the potential use of DM as a promising agent for whitening and anti-photoaging applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anqi Li
- Cosmetics Safety and Efficacy Evaluation Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Human Evaluation and Big Data of Cosmetics, Chengdu, China
- Department of Dermatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Hailun He
- Cosmetics Safety and Efficacy Evaluation Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Human Evaluation and Big Data of Cosmetics, Chengdu, China
- Department of Dermatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yanjing Chen
- Cosmetics Safety and Efficacy Evaluation Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Human Evaluation and Big Data of Cosmetics, Chengdu, China
- Department of Dermatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Feng Liao
- National Engineering Research Center for Gelatin-based Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dong-E-E-Jiao Co. Ltd., Shandong, China
| | - Jie Tang
- Cosmetics Safety and Efficacy Evaluation Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Human Evaluation and Big Data of Cosmetics, Chengdu, China
| | - Li Li
- Laboratory of Pathology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yumei Fan
- National Engineering Research Center for Gelatin-based Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dong-E-E-Jiao Co. Ltd., Shandong, China
| | - Li Li
- Cosmetics Safety and Efficacy Evaluation Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Human Evaluation and Big Data of Cosmetics, Chengdu, China
- Department of Dermatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- *Correspondence: Li Li,
| | - Lidan Xiong
- Cosmetics Safety and Efficacy Evaluation Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Human Evaluation and Big Data of Cosmetics, Chengdu, China
- Lidan Xiong,
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Zhou X, Tian X, Song L, Luo L, Ma Z, Zhang F. Donkey whey protein and peptides regulate gut microbiota community and physiological functions of D-galactose-induced aging mice. Food Sci Nutr 2023; 11:752-764. [PMID: 36789044 PMCID: PMC9922154 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.3111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The prolongation of life span has attracted more and more attention in the current world. Gut microbiota is considered one of the most critical elements and is essential in regulating life span and quality. The effects of donkey whey protein (DWP) and donkey whey hydrolysate (DWPP) on physiological functions and gut microbiota of D-galactose-induced aging mice were investigated to find new strategies for resisting aging. Our results showed that DWP and DWPP could increase the body weight gain velocity, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, and thymus index, whereas decrease the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA), and improve the aging of the body in the liver congestion, oozy draw focal sclerosis of chronic inflammation. The effects of medium and high concentrations of DWP and low and medium concentrations of DWPP were the same as the vitamin C (Vc)-positive control group. It was found that both DWP and DWPP could change α-diversity; the relative abundance of Lactobacillus increased, whereas the relative abundance of Helicobacter and Stenotrophomonas decreased after being treated with DWP and DWPP. The correlation between intestinal microflora and physiological indexes showed that chao1, ACE, and observed species indexes in the α index were positively correlated with weight gain velocity, SOD activity, and thymus index. The relative abundance of Lactobacillus was positively correlated with SOD and thymus index but negatively correlated with MDA. The relative abundance of Stenotrophomonas was opposite to that of Lactobacillus. The Anaerobiospirillum, Fusobacterium, and Dubosiella had a significant positive correlation with the weight gain velocity. The study provided a deeper more profound understanding of the potential use of DWP and DWPP in senescence delays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueyan Zhou
- College of Life Science and EngineeringNorthwest Minzu UniversityLanzhouChina
- China‐Malaysia National Joint Laboratory, Biomedical Research CenterNorthwest Minzu UniversityLanzhouChina
- Gannan Research Institute of Yak MilkHezuoChina
| | - Xiaojing Tian
- College of Life Science and EngineeringNorthwest Minzu UniversityLanzhouChina
- China‐Malaysia National Joint Laboratory, Biomedical Research CenterNorthwest Minzu UniversityLanzhouChina
- Gannan Research Institute of Yak MilkHezuoChina
| | - Li Song
- Gannan Research Institute of Yak MilkHezuoChina
| | - Li Luo
- Gannan Research Institute of Yak MilkHezuoChina
| | - Zhongren Ma
- College of Life Science and EngineeringNorthwest Minzu UniversityLanzhouChina
- China‐Malaysia National Joint Laboratory, Biomedical Research CenterNorthwest Minzu UniversityLanzhouChina
- Gannan Research Institute of Yak MilkHezuoChina
| | - Fumei Zhang
- China‐Malaysia National Joint Laboratory, Biomedical Research CenterNorthwest Minzu UniversityLanzhouChina
- Gannan Research Institute of Yak MilkHezuoChina
- The Department of MedicineNorthwest Minzu UniversityLanzhouChina
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12
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Živkov Baloš M, Ljubojević Pelić D, Jakšić S, Lazić S. Donkey Milk: An Overview of its Chemical Composition and Main Nutritional Properties or Human Health Benefit Properties. J Equine Vet Sci 2023; 121:104225. [PMID: 36649829 DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2023.104225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The donkey milk has a remarkable similarity to human milk, in addition to its valuable nutritional composition and content of numerous immune factors. The donkey milk is the subject of research worldwide, and data from the literature suggest significant differences with respect to the contents of individual components. However, some basic characteristics of donkey milk have been established: low contents of fat and cholesterol, total proteins and casein and high contents of lactose, whey proteins, calcium, selenium, and Vitamin D3. The donkey milk is rich in various protective proteins (α-lactalbumin, lysozyme, lactoferrin, lactoperoxidase, and immunoglobulins), and shows strong antioxidant, antibacterial, antiviral, antifungal, hypoglycemic, antiparasitic, and antitumor activity. Donkey milk can be considered functional food, having in mind that its fatty-acid profile and content of essential fatty acids are beneficial for cardiac health. The total fat content in donkey milk is low compared to human milk, and for this reason it is necessary to enrich donkey milk with other fat in order to provide enough calories in a diet for children. Commercialization of donkey milk and dairy products is still limited due to low production levels, that is lack of products on the market, and lack of product information. Considering the research data from the literature, there is a need for human clinical trials in order to obtain a stronger evidence of the therapeutic properties of donkey milk.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sandra Jakšić
- Scientific Veterinary Institute "Novi Sad", Novi Sad, Republic of Serbia
| | - Sava Lazić
- Scientific Veterinary Institute "Novi Sad", Novi Sad, Republic of Serbia
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13
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Farias SDS, Dierings AC, Mufalo VC, Sabei L, Parada Sarmiento M, da Silva AN, Ferraz PA, Pugliesi G, Ribeiro CVDM, Oliveira CADA, Zanella AJ. Asinine milk mitigates stress-mediated immune, cortisol and behavioral responses of piglets to weaning: A study to foster future interventions in humans. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1139249. [PMID: 37122716 PMCID: PMC10140756 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1139249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The present study assessed whether asinine milk supplementation improved the immune and behavioral responses of piglets during an early life weaning stress event as a model for its future use in humans. Methods For this, 48 piglets from 4 different litters were used. At 20 days of age, piglets were weighed and allocated with their litter and dam into group pens until 28 days of age. Four piglets from each litter were then randomly assigned to either (1) asinine milk supplementation (n = 16) (2), skimmed cow milk supplementation (n = 16) or (3) no supplementation (n = 16; control group). The supplementations were voluntarily administered for 3 days preweaning and 3 days postweaning using a baby bottle. The effects on the weaning stress response were assessed through salivary cortisol measurements; behavioral tests such as the open field, novel object end elevated plus maze tests; and gene expression of HSD11B1, NR3C1 and IL1B in PBMCs, which was determined by RT-qPCR and normalized to GAPDH and UBB. To test the effect of the supplementations on weight, milk intake, gene expression, and behavior, a randomized block design was used with repeated measurements over time by the PROC MIXED procedure. Results and discussion The effects on salivary cortisol were determined using the ratio between the morning and afternoon concentrations, considering the time before and after the weaning event. Principal component analysis (PCA) and Fisher's test were performed to evaluate the behavior test data. When comparing salivary cortisol concentrations between the pre- and postweaning periods, there was a difference (p < 0.05) between the supplementation groups in the afternoon period, suggesting that piglets fed asinine milk had lower afternoon cortisol concentrations postweaning than their counterparts. For the behavioral tests, the supplementations had no measurable effects. No difference was between groups pre- and postweaning for the expression of HSD11B2, which codes for an enzyme that breaks down cortisol. However, the expression of NR3C1, which encodes the glucocorticoid receptor, was significantly upregulated in piglets supplemented with cow milk (mean 1.245; p < 0.05). Conclusion Asinine milk downregulated 1L1B gene expression, which codes for an inflammatory cytokine. In conclusion, these results suggest that supplementation with asinine milk may represent a strategy to diminish the damage associated with an early life event by modulating IL1B expression and reducing salivary cortisol levels in piglets undergoing weaning stress. Further transcriptomic and metabolomic studies may improve our understanding of the molecular pathways that mediate this systemic immune-mediated response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharacely de Souza Farias
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Sharacely de Souza Farias, ; Adroaldo José Zanella,
| | - Ana Carolina Dierings
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vinicius Cardoso Mufalo
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Leandro Sabei
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marisol Parada Sarmiento
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brazil
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | - Arthur Nery da Silva
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Priscila Assis Ferraz
- Department of Animal Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Pugliesi
- Department of Animal Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Claudio Vaz Di Mambro Ribeiro
- Department of Animal Science, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Chiara Albano de Araujo Oliveira
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Adroaldo José Zanella
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Sharacely de Souza Farias, ; Adroaldo José Zanella,
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14
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Salvo ED, Conte F, Casciaro M, Gangemi S, Cicero N. Bioactive natural products in donkey and camel milk: a perspective review. Nat Prod Res 2022; 37:2098-2112. [PMID: 36048020 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2022.2116706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Mammalian milk has numerous components that exhibit chemical and functional activities. They support human homeostasis. Immunoglobulins, peptides with antibacterial and antimicrobial activities, carbohydrates, lipids, and minor molecules have positive effects on health. Beyond the nutritional values of milk, milk-borne biologically active compounds such as proteins and other minor constituents exhibit essential physiological and biochemical functions. Human milk guarantees a healthy development and improves immunity. It is hypoallergenic. Sometimes, it is necessary to substitute this food with other milk for different reasons. Cow, sheep, goat, camel and donkey milk are natural alternatives. We evaluated the different compounds within donkey and camel milk analysing their biomolecular characteristics and potential benefits for human health. Camel and donkey milk bioactive products could be good candidates for controlling several diseases and excellent substitutes in the case of milk protein allergies in infants. However, more research should be conducted to further evaluate their nutraceutical potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Di Salvo
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Francesca Conte
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Marco Casciaro
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Science and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Gangemi
- School and Operative Unit of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Nicola Cicero
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Science and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.,Science4Life srl Spin off Company, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
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15
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Auzino B, Miranda G, Henry C, Krupova Z, Martini M, Salari F, Cosenza G, Ciampolini R, Martin P. Top-Down proteomics based on LC-MS combined with cDNA sequencing to characterize multiple proteoforms of Amiata donkey milk proteins. Food Res Int 2022; 160:111611. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.111611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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16
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Garhwal R, Sangwan K, Mehra R, Kumar N, Bhardwaj A, Pal Y, Buttar HS, Kumar H. A Systematic Review of the Bioactive Components, Nutritional Qualities and Potential Therapeutic Applications of Donkey Milk. J Equine Vet Sci 2022; 115:104006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2022.104006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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17
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De Palo P, Auclair-Ronzaud J, Maggiolino A. Mammary gland physiology and farm management of dairy mares and jennies. JDS COMMUNICATIONS 2022; 3:234-237. [PMID: 36338815 PMCID: PMC9623692 DOI: 10.3168/jdsc.2021-0174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The equid udder has a lower storage capacity than the ruminant udder. Milking frequency is one of the most important factors affecting milk yield. Foals can be partly artificially suckled during lactation. Mechanical milking has been used in equids but our understanding of machine milking remains poor. Automated milking systems for equids represent a great challenge for the future.
Equid milk is arousing increasing interest in consumers and researchers because of its similarity in composition to human milk. The low and different protein content makes equid milk it suitable for children with cow milk protein allergy. Both horse and milk production, in many farms, still follow a characteristic and traditional method of separating the foal from the mother to allow milking procedures. This separation lasts at least 2 to 3 h before milking, a time in which the foal remains fasting. This operation is repeated several times a day, as the equid udder has little collection capacity, and milking frequency is one of the most important parameters to increase milk production; it must be emptied often. New partial artificially suckling techniques have been developed that allow the foal to be separated from its mother for many hours without starving. Furthermore, mechanical milking has been introduced in equid milk production, although in-depth knowledge is lacking on milking parameters and how these aspects affect milk production and udder health. Moreover, in some farms, new milking parlors for Equidae have been developed, ensuring that stress is minimized and production and animal welfare are ensured. It is important to develop and apply technologies for equid milk production, evaluating potential effects on welfare, health, and milk production. This represents the broadest perspective and the greatest challenge because of the need to understand management best practices, thinking to the possibility to introduce as soon as possible automatic milking systems that could ensure a good milking frequency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pasquale De Palo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University “Aldo Moro” of Bari, 70010 Valenzano, Italy
- Corresponding author:
| | - Juliette Auclair-Ronzaud
- IFCE, Plateau Technique de la Station Expérimentale, 1 Impasse des Haras, 19370, Hamberet, France
| | - Aristide Maggiolino
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University “Aldo Moro” of Bari, 70010 Valenzano, Italy
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18
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The Possibility of Including Donkey Meat and Milk in the Food Chain: A Southern African Scenario. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12091073. [PMID: 35565500 PMCID: PMC9100258 DOI: 10.3390/ani12091073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The demand for donkey products such as meat and milk has increased in recent years, as new information on the health benefits of the products is becoming more available. Recent nutritional trends have shown a preference for nutritional and functional foods, giving consumers more options to choose from. Donkey products are seen as valuable foods that contain appreciable nutraceutical properties. However, less information is available on their optimal management practices, and their level of introduction to the food chain remains minimal. Increasing awareness of the importance of donkey products will increase their productivity and accelerate the introduction of these products into the food chain. This review aims to document available information on donkey products and factors affecting their introduction into the food chain, quoting different scenarios from the Southern African region. Abstract Animal proteins are essential for the optimal growth and health of humans. Meat and milk are common sources of protein, mostly produced by ruminants. The agrarian challenges experienced around the world warrant sourcing alternative proteins from animals that can withstand harsh environmental conditions to produce quality proteins. Donkeys (Equus asinus) are known to survive on low husbandry and inferior quality forage to produce meat and milk, which have been used since ancient times. However, the commercialisation of these products has not flourished due to product scarcity, low production rates, and consumer preferences. Recent discoveries and the quest to look for alternative sources of protein have sparked studies on donkey products. In addition, milk and meat from donkeys have active ingredients that could also contribute to curing diseases. Donkey milk is believed to contain antioxidant, antimicrobial, antiproliferative, and antidiabetic properties. In many countries, particularly in Africa, the consumption of donkey meat and milk has not been fully adopted due to a lack of knowledge and legislation regarding production.
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19
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Messias TB, Sant’Ana AM, Araújo EO, Rangel AH, Vasconcelos AS, Salles HO, Morgano MA, Silva VS, Pacheco MTB, Queiroga RC. Milk from Nordestina donkey breed in Brazil: Nutritional potential and physicochemical characteristics in lactation. Int Dairy J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2021.105291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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20
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Li Y, Ma Q, Liu G, Wang C. Effects of donkey milk on oxidative stress and inflammatory response. J Food Biochem 2021; 46:e13935. [PMID: 34519070 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Donkey milk is gaining interest as a natural nutritional and medicinal product, mainly because its composition is similar to that of human milk, and it has some potential biological properties, such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiaging, antimicrobial, and anticancer properties. Considering the increasing prevalence of several chronic diseases related to oxidative stress and inflammation and the multiple beneficial properties and nutritional value of donkey milk, an up-to-date review of the current studies related to the antioxidative and anti-inflammatory abilities of donkey milk is necessary. Therefore, this review aims to discuss the relationship between inflammation and oxidative stress; and to further systematically review the progress of recent research on donkey milk, mainly including its nutritional value and functional properties. Particularly, we highlighted the anti-inflammatory and antioxidative properties of donkey milk using in vitro model, animal model, and the potential role of donkey milk in alleviating some chronic diseases related to inflammation. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: This paper was conducted on anti-inflammation and antioxidant activities of donkey milk and its related products, in addition to a summary of the relationship between oxidative stress and inflammation and the value of donkey milk. Donkey milk and its related products have been shown to scavenge reactive oxygen species, activate the antioxidant system, enhance immune function, and maintain the balance of intestinal flora in in vitro and in vivo models. This paper should provide a better understanding of the influences of oxidative stress and inflammation on host health and the biological functions and application of donkey milk, and will provide a certain basis for the nutritional regulation of several chronic diseases related to oxidative stress and inflammation. However, the underlying mechanism is poorly understood. In addition, few clinical studies have been performed to establish its multiple benefits in humans. Further research is warranted to evaluate its impacts on health at molecular levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- College of Agronomy, Shandong Engineering Technology Research Center for Efficient Breeding and Ecological Feeding of Black Donkey, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China
| | - Qingshan Ma
- College of Agronomy, Shandong Engineering Technology Research Center for Efficient Breeding and Ecological Feeding of Black Donkey, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China
| | - Guiqin Liu
- College of Agronomy, Shandong Engineering Technology Research Center for Efficient Breeding and Ecological Feeding of Black Donkey, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China
| | - Changfa Wang
- College of Agronomy, Shandong Engineering Technology Research Center for Efficient Breeding and Ecological Feeding of Black Donkey, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China
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21
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Podico G, Gray SM, Wang L, Canisso IF. A novel Streptococcus species causing clinical mastitis in a pregnant donkey. J Vet Diagn Invest 2021; 33:979-983. [PMID: 34247559 PMCID: PMC8366245 DOI: 10.1177/10406387211027306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
An 8-y-old jenny was presented because of anorexia and mild depression. The jenny had weaned her colt 10 d before the admission. Upon arrival at the University of Illinois Veterinary Teaching Hospital, the heart rate was elevated, and the right udder was painful and swollen on palpation. Milk stripping of the affected side revealed purulent content; the contralateral udder had normal-appearing milk. Cytology of mammary gland secretions from the affected side revealed a large number of hypersegmented reactive neutrophils with phagocytized bacteria. Complete blood count, serum chemistry, and fibrinogen were within normal limits. A diagnosis of clinical mastitis was made, and the jenny was started on a 5-d course of broad-spectrum antibiotics, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory, hydrotherapy, and milk stripping. Clinical signs reduced over time, and the cure was attained by 96 h post-admission. Aerobic culture and subsequent MALDI-TOF MS analysis identified a bacterium of the Streptococcus genus but not the species. Whole-genome analysis was performed, and 16S rDNA sequencing and analysis determined that our isolate 20-37394 clustered with 2 other Streptococcus strains (27284-01 and 28462). Single-nucleotide variations and phylogenetic tree analysis revealed that Streptococcus 20-37394 had 96.8% and 94.9% identities to Streptococcus strains 27284-01 and 28462, respectively; therefore, the bacteria isolated in our case was deemed as a new Streptococcus species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia Podico
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine (Podico, Gray, Canisso), College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Sarah M. Gray
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine (Podico, Gray, Canisso), College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Leyi Wang
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory (Wang), College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Igor F. Canisso
- Igor F. Canisso, Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, 1008 W. Hazelwood Dr, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
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22
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Abstract
Microbial transglutaminase (MTGase) is an enzyme widely used in the dairy sector to improve the functional properties of protein-based products via the formation of a network between protein molecules. The aim of this study involving cheese from the milk of donkeys was to evaluate the effects of treatment with MTGase at the concentrations of 0 (control), 5, 8 and 10 U/g milk protein on the cheese-making process parameters, as well as the physical and chemical characteristics of the resulting cheese. MTGase influenced the time of gel formation from rennet addition (P < 0.05), with a delay at the two highest concentrations, accompanied by a lower (P < 0.01) pH of cheese and the lowest (P < 0.01) loss in cheese weight at 24 h of storage. The highest gel viscosity (P < 0.01) was observed at the highest concentration of the enzyme, reaching the value of 70 mPa⋅sec after 60 min. The chemical composition and color of the cheeses were not significantly affected by the inclusion of MTGase, regardless of the enzyme concentration. These findings may be of relevance in adapting the cheese-making process and might help in the design of new dairy products from donkey's milk.
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23
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Zhang X, Jiang B, Ji C, Li H, Yang L, Jiang G, Wang Y, Liu G, Liu G, Min L, Zhao F. Quantitative Label-Free Proteomic Analysis of Milk Fat Globule Membrane in Donkey and Human Milk. Front Nutr 2021; 8:670099. [PMID: 34239890 PMCID: PMC8258387 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.670099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have found donkey milk (DM) has the similar compositions with human milk (HM) and could be used as a potential hypoallergenic replacement diet for babies suffering from cow's milk allergy. Milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) proteins are involved in many biological functions, behaving as important indicators of the nutritional quality of milk. In this study, we used label-free proteomics to quantify the differentially expressed MFGM proteins (DEP) between DM (in 4-5 months of lactation) and HM (in 6-8 months of lactation). In total, 293 DEP were found in these two groups. Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis revealed that the majority of DEP participated in regulation of immune system process, membrane invagination and lymphocyte activation. Several significant Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways were determined for the DEP, such as lysosome, galactose metabolism and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) signaling pathway. Our study may provide valuable information in the composition of MFGM proteins in DM and HM, and expand our knowledge of different biological functions between DM and HM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinhao Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China.,National Engineering Research Center for Gelatin-Based Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dong-E E-Jiao Co., Ltd, Liaocheng, China
| | - Bo Jiang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chuanliang Ji
- National Engineering Research Center for Gelatin-Based Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dong-E E-Jiao Co., Ltd, Liaocheng, China
| | - Haijing Li
- National Engineering Research Center for Gelatin-Based Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dong-E E-Jiao Co., Ltd, Liaocheng, China
| | - Li Yang
- National Engineering Research Center for Gelatin-Based Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dong-E E-Jiao Co., Ltd, Liaocheng, China
| | - Guimiao Jiang
- National Engineering Research Center for Gelatin-Based Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dong-E E-Jiao Co., Ltd, Liaocheng, China
| | - Yantao Wang
- National Engineering Research Center for Gelatin-Based Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dong-E E-Jiao Co., Ltd, Liaocheng, China
| | - Guangyuan Liu
- National Engineering Research Center for Gelatin-Based Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dong-E E-Jiao Co., Ltd, Liaocheng, China
| | - Guiqin Liu
- Shandong Donkey Industry, Technology Collaborative Innovation Center, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China
| | - Lingjiang Min
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Fuwei Zhao
- National Engineering Research Center for Gelatin-Based Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dong-E E-Jiao Co., Ltd, Liaocheng, China
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Abstract
Milk is considered a complete food because all of the nutrients important to fulfill a newborn’s daily requirements are present, including vitamins and minerals, ensuring the correct growth rate. A large amount of global milk production is represented by cow, goat, and sheep milks; these species produce about 87% of the milk available all over the world. However, the milk obtained by minor dairy animal species is a basic food and an important family business in several parts of the world. Milk nutritional properties from a wide range of minor dairy animal species have not been totally determined. Hot temperatures and the lack of water and feed in some arid and semi-arid areas negatively affect dairy cows; in these countries, milk supply for local nomadic populations is provided by camels and dromedaries. The nutritional quality in the milk obtained from South American camelids has still not been completely investigated, the possibility of creating an economic resource for the people living in the Andean highlands must be evaluated. Both mare and donkey milks show a chemical composition very similar to human milk, and they represent a good replacer of cows’ milk for infants nutrition, especially for children affected by cow milk proteins allergy. In this review, differences and similarities in the quality parameters of milk from minor dairy animals, such as camelids and equids, have been compared.
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Martini M, Altomonte I, Tricò D, Lapenta R, Salari F. Current Knowledge on Functionality and Potential Therapeutic Uses of Donkey Milk. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11051382. [PMID: 34067986 PMCID: PMC8152225 DOI: 10.3390/ani11051382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary This paper examines scientific evidence on the positive effects of donkey milk consumption on human health and its possible therapeutic applications. The most investigated clinical use of donkey milk is in feeding infants with food allergies, in whom donkey milk is well tolerated in the 82.6–98.5% of cases. Donkey milk has shown several beneficial properties, including immunomodulatory activity, antioxidant and detoxifying effects, modulation of the intestinal microbiota, and lowering of blood sugar and triglycerides, which have been tested almost exclusively in experimental animals. Inhibitory actions on microorganisms have been also observed in vitro studies. This literature review highlights the need for new clinical trials to collect stronger evidence about the positive effects observed in experimental models which could lead to new therapeutic applications of donkey milk in humans. Abstract The increase of knowledge on the composition of donkey milk has revealed marked similarities to human milk, which led to a growing number of investigations focused on testing the potential effects of donkey milk in vitro and in vivo. This paper examines the scientific evidence regarding the beneficial effects of donkey milk on human health. Most clinical studies report a tolerability of donkey milk in 82.6–98.5% of infants with cow milk protein allergies. The average protein content of donkey milk is about 18 g/L. Caseins, which are main allergenic components of milk, are less represented compared to cow milk (56% of the total protein in donkey vs. 80% in cow milk). Donkey milk is well accepted by children due to its high concentration of lactose (about 60 g/L). Immunomodulatory properties have been reported in one study in humans and in several animal models. Donkey milk also seems to modulate the intestinal microbiota, enhance antioxidant defense mechanisms and detoxifying enzymes activities, reduce hyperglycemia and normalize dyslipidemia. Donkey milk has lower calorie and fat content compared with other milks used in human nutrition (fat ranges from 0.20% to 1.7%) and a more favourable fatty acid profile, being low in saturated fatty acids (3.02 g/L) and high in alpha-linolenic acid (about 7.25 g/100 g of fat). Until now, the beneficial properties of donkey milk have been mostly related to whey proteins, among which β-lactoglobulin is the most represented (6.06 g/L), followed by α-lactalbumin (about 2 g/L) and lysozyme (1.07 g/L). So far, the health functionality of donkey milk has been tested almost exclusively on animal models. Furthermore, in vitro studies have described inhibitory action against bacteria, viruses, and fungi. From the literature review emerges the need for new randomized clinical trials on humans to provide stronger evidence of the potential beneficial health effects of donkey milk, which could lead to new applications as an adjuvant in the treatment of cardiometabolic diseases, malnutrition, and aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mina Martini
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Pisa, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (M.M.); (R.L.); (F.S.)
- Interdepartmental Center for Agricultural and Environmental Research “E. Avanzi,”, University of Pisa, San Piero a Gardo (PI), 56122 Pisa, Italy
| | - Iolanda Altomonte
- Interdepartmental Center for Agricultural and Environmental Research “E. Avanzi,”, University of Pisa, San Piero a Gardo (PI), 56122 Pisa, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Domenico Tricò
- Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pisa, 56100 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Riccardo Lapenta
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Pisa, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (M.M.); (R.L.); (F.S.)
| | - Federica Salari
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Pisa, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (M.M.); (R.L.); (F.S.)
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Vitamins in Human and Donkey Milk: Functional and Nutritional Role. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13051509. [PMID: 33947032 PMCID: PMC8145040 DOI: 10.3390/nu13051509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Whole milk is a good source of all the nutrients, and it also contains a sufficient number of vitamins to permit regular the growth of the neonate. Dairy cow milk can create allergy in infants less than 12 months old because of the high caseins and β-lactoglobulin content. In these circumstances, donkey milk can represent a good replacement for dairy cows' milk in children affected by Cow Milk Protein Allergy (CMPA) because of its close chemical composition with human milk, mainly due to its low protein and low mineral content. Milk vitamin content is highly variable among mammalian species and it is strictly correlated with the vitamin status and the diet administered to the mother. Fat-soluble vitamins content in donkey milk is, on average, lower compared to ruminants' milk, while vitamin C content determined in donkey milk is higher compared to dairy cows' milk, showing a great similarity with human milk. In donkey milk, the content of vitamins of the B-complex such as thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, pyridoxine, and folic acid is higher compared to human milk. The use of donkey milk as a new functional food must be further evaluated in interdisciplinary clinical trials in which pediatricians, dietitians, and food scientists must be involved to deepen the knowledge about the positive health impact of donkey milk in different sensitive people, especially children and the elderly.
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Shotgun Proteomics and Protein-Based Bioinformatics for the Characterization of Food-Derived Bioactive Peptides. Methods Mol Biol 2021. [PMID: 33687718 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1178-4_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/13/2024]
Abstract
A workflow for the characterization of food-derived bioactive peptides is described in this chapter. The workflow integrates two consecutive steps: a discovery phase and a protein-based bioinformatic phase. In the first step (discovery phase), a shotgun bottom-up proteomics approach is used to create a reference data set for a selected food proteome. Afterward, in a second step (bioinformatic phase), the reference proteome is subjected to several in silico protein-based bioinformatic analyses to predict and characterize potential bioactive peptides after an in silico human gastrointestinal digestion. Using this workflow, bioactive collagen peptides, antihypertensive, antimicrobial, and antitumor peptides were predicted as potential valuable bioactive peptides from seafood and marine by-products. It is concluded that the combination of the global shotgun proteomic analysis and the analysis by protein-based bioinformatics can provide a rapid strategy for the characterization of new potential food-derived bioactive peptides.
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Li Q, Li M, Zhang J, Shi X, Yang M, Zheng Y, Cao X, Yue X, Ma S. Donkey milk inhibits triple-negative breast tumor progression and is associated with increased cleaved-caspase-3 expression. Food Funct 2021; 11:3053-3065. [PMID: 32191229 DOI: 10.1039/c9fo02934f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Donkey milk is considered an ideal substitute for human milk and is considered a potential complementary dairy product for the treatment of a variety of human diseases, including cancer. The purpose of this study was to investigate the inhibitory effect of donkey colostrum (DC) and mature milk (DM) on 4T1 triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) tumors in mice. Metabolomics analyses showed that a total of 476 possible metabolites were found in both types of milk. Among them, 34 differential metabolites were identified, including 25 up-regulated and 9 down-regulated metabolites in the DC compared with DM. Both DC and DM are rich in many known anticancer constituents. The inhibitory effects of DC and DM on 4T1 primary tumors and the relative organ weight of the liver and lungs were determined by measuring the volume of primary tumors and weighing the liver and lungs. Both DC and DM significantly reduced both the primary tumor size and relative organ weight of the liver and lungs in 4T1 mice without affecting the bodyweight of mice. When the expression of cleaved caspase-3, Bax, and MMP2 was investigated by immunohistochemistry, the results showed that DC and DM inhibited the progression of 4T1 tumors by inducing the expression of cleaved-caspase-3 and Bax, and inhibiting the expression of MMP2 and CD31. Our data suggest that DC and DM inhibit the growth and metastasis of mouse 4T1 tumors by inducing apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qilong Li
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110866, China. and College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110866, China.
| | - Mohan Li
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110866, China.
| | - Juan Zhang
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110866, China.
| | - Xinyang Shi
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110866, China.
| | - Mei Yang
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110866, China.
| | - Yan Zheng
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110866, China.
| | - Xueyan Cao
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110866, China.
| | - Xiqing Yue
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110866, China.
| | - Shiliang Ma
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110866, China.
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Luoyizha W, Zeng B, Li H, Liao X. A Preliminary Study of Proteomic Analysis on Caseins and Whey Proteins in Donkey Milk from Xinjiang and Shandong of China. EFOOD 2021. [DOI: 10.2991/efood.k.210222.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
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Risoluti R, Gullifa G, Materazi S. Assessing the Quality of Milk Using a Multicomponent Analytical Platform MicroNIR/Chemometric. Front Chem 2020; 8:614718. [PMID: 33335892 PMCID: PMC7736405 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.614718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
In this work, an innovative screening platform based on MicroNIR and chemometrics is proposed for the on-site and contactless monitoring of the quality of milk using simultaneous multicomponent analysis. The novelty of this completely automated tool consists of a miniaturized NIR spectrometer operating in a wireless mode that allows samples to be processed in a rapid and accurate way and to obtain in a single click a comprehensive characterization of the chemical composition of milk. To optimize the platform, milk specimens with different origins and compositions were considered and prediction models were developed by chemometric analysis of the NIR spectra using Partial Least Square regression algorithms. Once calibrated, the platform was used to predict samples acquired in the market and validation was performed by comparing results of the novel platform with those obtained from the chromatographic analysis. Results demonstrated the ability of the platform to differentiate milk as a function of the distribution of fatty acids, providing a rapid and non-destructive method to assess the quality of milk and to avoid food adulteration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Risoluti
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Stefano Materazi
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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Monnolo A, Clausi MT, Mercogliano R, Fusco G, Fiorentino ML, Buono F, Lama A, Ferrante MC. Levels of polychlorinated biphenyls and organochlorine pesticides in donkey milk: Correlation with the infection level by intestinal strongyles. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 258:127287. [PMID: 32535446 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/31/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
AIM The study aimed at evaluating the concentration levels of organochlorine pollutants in donkey milk and their modulation on the intestinal strongyle infection. Risk evaluation for consumer health was also investigated. METHODS We analyzed milk of grazing donkeys living in areas of Southern of Italy affected by organochlorine compounds environmental pollution and parasite infection. The presence of pollutants was assessed through summary statistics; regression analysis of intestinal strongyle on pollutant concentration was performed to investigate the relationship between the two variables. RESULTS PCB concentrations (mainly non-dioxin-like (ndl)-PCBs) were higher than OCP ones. Mean values of ndl-PCBs across areas ranged from 93.13 to 263.64 ng g-1. In all sample units we detected the six indicator PCBs with the prevalence of the PCB 153, followed by the PCB 28 and the PCB 101. Among the dioxin-like (dl)-PCBs, non-ortho PCB 169, 77 and 126 were assessed in some milk samples; in all areas we detected the mono-ortho PCB 118 and PCB 105. Positive correlation between infection level and six indicator PCBs as well as between the former and HCB, on WW and LW, were observed (at least statistically significant at 5 percent). In some cases, Dl-PCB concentrations emerged as dangerous given the EU maximum residue limit for PCDD/Fs and dl-PCBs. CONCLUSION Evidence supports the hypothesis of an immunosuppressive role of organochlorine pollutants; risk evaluation reveals the potential health impact of dl-PCB intake, particularly for major donkey milk consumers such as infants, children with cow milk and multiple food intolerance, and elders.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Monnolo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - M T Clausi
- Experimental Zooprophylactic Institute of Southern Italy, Portici, Naples, Italy
| | - R Mercogliano
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - G Fusco
- Experimental Zooprophylactic Institute of Southern Italy, Portici, Naples, Italy
| | - M L Fiorentino
- Environmental Research Center, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Pavia, Italy
| | - F Buono
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - A Lama
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - M C Ferrante
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.
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Spada V, Ferranti P, Chianese L, Salimei E, Addeo F, Picariello G. Antibacterial potential of donkey's milk disclosed by untargeted proteomics. J Proteomics 2020; 231:104007. [PMID: 33038512 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2020.104007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Donkey's milk (DM) has been extensively investigated as a valuable substitute of breast milk, often suitable to manage cow's milk protein allergy in infants. DM exhibits potent inhibitory properties against numerous microbial species. Although oligosaccharides and lipids might contribute to the antimicrobial potential, the current inventory of proteins is not able to justify the low count of microorganisms generally observed in DM. The shotgun proteomic analysis of fractionated DM disclosed a set of 94 gene products, 41% of which have documented antimicrobial activity or are involved in transferring the passive immunity to the donkey offspring. The concerted action of lysozyme, lactoferrin, immunoglobulins provides the molecular basis for part of the DM antibacterial potential. The pH -4.6 insoluble fraction contained significant levels of L-amino acid oxidase, identified with 11 unique peptides matching the horse homologue gene product. This enzyme catalyses the oxidative deamination of amino acids into ketoacids, producing ammonia and H2O2. κ-casein, likely occurring as a fully O-glycosylated protein, may concur to inhibit the adhesion of pathogenic microorganisms, along with other glycoproteins. Proteomics supports the alimentary use of DM not only as a substitute of human milk in early infancy, but also for growing children, convalescent, elderly people and general population. SIGNIFICANCE: Donkey's milk (DM) is acquiring increasing popularity because it is a suitable substitute of the human milk, when breastfeeding is not possible and infants suffer from cow's milk allergy. DM is characterized by a much lower microbial load compared to ruminants' milk. This feature has been traditionally attributed to the high content of lysozyme. DM exhibits potent activity against a broad range of bacteria, viruses and fungi, suggesting that other protein components can be responsible of the antimicrobial potential. The gel-free proteomic analysis of pH 4.6-insoluble and soluble (whey) fractions demonstrated that DM contains a large number of gene products involved in antimicrobial mechanisms and in transferring passive immunity to the donkey offspring. DM contains relatively high levels of L-amino acid oxidase that catalyses the oxidative deamination of amino acid substrates into ketoacids, with production of ammonia and H2O2. In combination with lysozyme, lactoferrin and immunoglobulins, the presence of L-amino acid oxidase provides the molecular basis of the antibacterial potential observed for DM. Considered the low microbial load, DM can be sanitated at mild conditions, thereby preserving many of the native nutritional traits. Thus, DM can be considered a safe and nutritionally valid alimentary resource for growing children, convalescent, elderly people and general population. Data of this study represent the largest inventory of proteins identified in Equidae milk, so far.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Spada
- Istituto di Scienze dell'Alimentazione, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Via Roma 64, 83100 Avellino, Italy
| | - Pasquale Ferranti
- Dipartimento di Agraria, Università di Napoli "Federico II", Parco Gussone 80055 Portici, Napoli, Italy
| | - Lina Chianese
- Dipartimento di Agraria, Università di Napoli "Federico II", Parco Gussone 80055 Portici, Napoli, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Salimei
- Dipartimento Agricoltura, Ambiente, Alimenti, Università del Molise, Via F. De Sanctis, 86100 Campobasso, Italy
| | - Francesco Addeo
- Dipartimento di Agraria, Università di Napoli "Federico II", Parco Gussone 80055 Portici, Napoli, Italy
| | - Gianluca Picariello
- Istituto di Scienze dell'Alimentazione, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Via Roma 64, 83100 Avellino, Italy.
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Fantuz F, Ferraro S, Todini L, Cimarelli L, Fatica A, Marcantoni F, Salimei E. Distribution of calcium, phosphorus, sulfur, magnesium, potassium, and sodium in major fractions of donkey milk. J Dairy Sci 2020; 103:8741-8749. [PMID: 32747106 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2020-18251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the concentrations of Ca, P, S, Mg, K, and Na, and their distribution in major fractions of donkey milk (i.e., fat, casein, whey proteins, and aqueous phase). Individual milk samples were collected by mechanical milking from 16 clinically healthy lactating donkeys. Milk yield per milking was recorded and milk gross composition, casein content, and pH were determined. Whole milk samples were centrifuged to separate fat and to obtain skim milk. Skim milk samples were ultracentrifuged to separate a sedimentable casein pellet and to obtain a supernatant whey (soluble) fraction, which was then ultrafiltered to obtain the aqueous phase of donkey milk. Whole milk and the processed samples were analyzed for the aforementioned elements by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. The concentration of elements associated with fat, casein, and whey proteins was then calculated. All the Na was present in the aqueous phase. The fat fraction in donkey milk carried very little or none of the investigated elements. The majority of Ca (62.9%) and P (53.1%) was associated with casein, and the rest of these elements was mostly present in the aqueous phase. The majority of Mg was present in the aqueous phase, but a relevant part (32.6%) was associated with the casein fraction. No K was associated with casein. On a molar basis, the ratio of colloidal Ca and P to casein (mmol/g of casein) was more than double the values reported in literature for cow milk. The correlation coefficient was negative between milk pH and P in the ultracentrifuged (r = -0.81) and ultrafiltered (aqueous) fraction (r = -0.66). Milk pH correlated positively with colloidal Ca (r = 0.59) and with the ratio of colloidal Ca to casein (mmol/g of casein; r = 0.68). Colloidal Ca and P were positively correlated (r = 0.64). These data suggest that the high ratio of colloidal Ca and P to donkey casein micelles is due to a larger amount of colloidal calcium phosphate bound to casein micelles compared with literature data on cow milk. The percentage of elements associated with whey proteins was less than 5% for Ca, P, and K, but Mg reached approximately 9% of total Mg. The majority of S (63.6%) was associated with whey proteins, and only one-fourth of this element was associated with casein, indicating a higher content of sulfur-containing amino acids in donkey whey proteins than in casein.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Fantuz
- Scuola di Bioscienze e Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - S Ferraro
- Scuola di Scienze e Tecnologie, Università degli Studi di Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy.
| | - L Todini
- Scuola di Bioscienze e Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - L Cimarelli
- Scuola di Bioscienze e Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - A Fatica
- Dipartimento di Agricoltura, Ambiente, Alimenti, Università degli Studi del Molise, 86100 Campobasso, Italy
| | - F Marcantoni
- Scuola di Scienze e Tecnologie, Università degli Studi di Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - E Salimei
- Dipartimento di Agricoltura, Ambiente, Alimenti, Università degli Studi del Molise, 86100 Campobasso, Italy
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Faccia M, D’Alessandro AG, Summer A, Hailu Y. Milk Products from Minor Dairy Species: A Review. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10081260. [PMID: 32722331 PMCID: PMC7460022 DOI: 10.3390/ani10081260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Milk processing is one of the most ancient food technologies, dating back around 6000 BC. The majority of dairy products are manufactured from cows, buffaloes, goats, and sheep; their production technologies are mostly standardized and have been widely investigated. Milk and dairy products from minor species are less important under the economic point of view, but they play a fundamental social role in many marginal and poor areas. Due to scarce interest of the dairy industry, their technological characteristics and related issues have been investigated less. Recently, the increasing interest toward ethnic foods and food biodiversity is helping these minor products to emerge from the "darkness" in which they have remained for long time. Some of them are increasingly seen as useful for the valorization of marginal areas, while others are recognized as innovative or healthy foods. The present review aims to resume the most recent knowledge about these less-known dairy products. The first part summarizes the main technological properties of equine, camel, and yak milk with a view to processing. The second is a survey on the related dairy products, both the traditional ones that have been manufactured for a long time and those that have been newly developed by food researchers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Faccia
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences (DiSSPA), University of Bari, Via Amendola 165/A, 70126 Bari, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-080-544-3012
| | | | - Andrea Summer
- Department of Veterinary Science (DSMV), University of Parma, Via del Taglio 10, 43126 Parma, Italy;
| | - Yonas Hailu
- School of Animal and Range Sciences, Haramaya University, P.O. Box 138, Dire Dawa 3000, Ethiopia;
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Boccia F, Punzo G. Nutraceuticals: Some remarks by a choice experiment on food, health and new technologies. Food Res Int 2020; 130:108888. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2019.108888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Miraglia N, Salimei E, Fantuz F. Equine Milk Production and Valorization of Marginal Areas-A Review. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:E353. [PMID: 32098374 PMCID: PMC7070972 DOI: 10.3390/ani10020353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The equine dairy chain is renewing the interest toward horse and donkey breeding for the production of milk with potential health promoting properties. The dairy equine chain for human consumption could contribute to the rural eco-sustainable development for the micro-economies of those areas threatened by marginalization. As a part of the whole equine industry, and its possible impact in the modern and future society, the main traits of the equine dairy enterprise are reviewed with a special focus on management of animals and milk. Equine milk compositional and nutritional peculiarities are described as also related to milk hygiene and health issues. Scientific and technical aspects of the feeding management are considered in the frame of the emerging dairy equine enterprise, where pasture is an essential element that allows to match production goals for horses and donkeys, biodiversity preservation, as well as landscape safeguard.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicoletta Miraglia
- Dipartimento Agricoltura, Ambiente e Alimenti, Università degli Studi del Molise, Campobasso 86100, Italy;
| | - Elisabetta Salimei
- Dipartimento Agricoltura, Ambiente e Alimenti, Università degli Studi del Molise, Campobasso 86100, Italy;
| | - Francesco Fantuz
- Scuola di Bioscienze e Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Camerino, Camerino MC 62032, Italy;
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Abd El-Salam MH, El-Shibiny S. Reduction of Milk Protein Antigenicity by Enzymatic Hydrolysis and Fermentation. A Review. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2019.1701010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Li W, Li M, Cao X, Han H, Kong F, Yue X. Comparative analysis of whey proteins in donkey colostrum and mature milk using quantitative proteomics. Food Res Int 2019; 127:108741. [PMID: 31882075 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2019.108741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Donkey milk is attracting increasing attention as a nutritional milk source similar to human milk. In this study, we carried out qualitative and quantitative analysis of the donkey whey proteome using a label-free proteomic approach, combined with parallel reaction monitoring (PRM) as a validation method. A total of 300 whey proteins were identified in donkey colostrum (DC) and donkey mature (DM) milk, of which 18 were differentially expressed (P < 0.05) between the two types of milk. Gene ontology (GO) analysis showed that differentially and uniquely expressed proteins were mainly involved in cellular processes, response to stimulus, metabolic processes, and biological regulation. Their molecular functions included binding, catalytic activity, and molecular functional regulation, and their main annotated areas of origin were the cell, cell-part, and the extracellular region. Most differentially and uniquely expressed proteins were linked with malaria, systemic lupus erythematosus, or antigen processing and presentation. Our results provide insight into the complexity of the donkey whey proteome and molecular evidence for nutritional differences between different lactation stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weixuan Li
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Mohan Li
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Xueyan Cao
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Hongjiao Han
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Fanhua Kong
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Xiqing Yue
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China.
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D'Alessandro AG, Martemucci G, Loizzo P, Faccia M. Production of cheese from donkey milk as influenced by addition of transglutaminase. J Dairy Sci 2019; 102:10867-10876. [PMID: 31563318 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2019-16615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Donkey milk is characterized by low contents of total solids, fat, and caseins, especially κ-casein, which results in formation of a very weak gel upon renneting. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of fortification of donkey milk with microbial transglutaminase (MTGase) for cheesemaking in relation to different enzyme addition protocols (patterns, PAT). Four independent trials were performed using MTGase (5.0 U/g of milk protein) according to the following experimental patterns: control (no MTGase addition); MTGase addition (40°C) 15 min before starter inoculation (PAT1); addition of MTGase to milk simultaneously with starter culture (40°C) (PAT2); and MTGase addition simultaneously with rennet (42°C) in acidified milk (pH 6.3) (PAT3). Evolution of pH during acidification, cheesemaking parameters, and proximal composition and color of cheese at 24 h were recorded. The protein fractions of cheese and whey were investigated by urea-PAGE and sodium dodecyl sulfate-PAGE. Addition of MTGase had no significant effect on moisture, protein, fat, or cheese yield. The addition of MTGase with rennet (PAT3) improved curd firmness compared with the control. Among the different patterns of MTGase addition, PAT3 reduced gel formation time, time between rennet addition and cheese molding, and weight loss of cheese at 24 h. The PAT3 treatment also resulted in the lowest lightness and highest yellowness color values of the cheese. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-PAGE of cheeses revealed that MTGase modified the protein pattern in the high-molecular-weight zone (range 37-75 kDa) compared with the control. Of the MTGase protocols, PAT3 showed better casein retention in cheese, as confirmed by the lanes of α- and β-caseins in the electropherogram of the whey, which was subtler for this protocol. In conclusion, MTGase may be used in cheese production from donkey milk to improve curd firmness; MTGase should be added simultaneously with the rennet.
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Affiliation(s)
- A G D'Alessandro
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences (DiSAAT), University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via G. Amendola, 70126 Bari, Italy.
| | - G Martemucci
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences (DiSAAT), University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via G. Amendola, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - P Loizzo
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences (DiSSPA), University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via G. Amendola, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - M Faccia
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences (DiSSPA), University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via G. Amendola, 70126 Bari, Italy
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Sarti L, Martini M, Brajon G, Barni S, Salari F, Altomonte I, Ragona G, Mori F, Pucci N, Muscas G, Belli F, Corrias F, Novembre E. Donkey's Milk in the Management of Children with Cow's Milk protein allergy: nutritional and hygienic aspects. Ital J Pediatr 2019; 45:102. [PMID: 31420060 PMCID: PMC6698021 DOI: 10.1186/s13052-019-0700-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The therapeutic strategy for children with cow’s milk allergy (CMA) consists in the elimination of cow’s milk (CM) from their diet. Donkey’s milk (DM) has been reported to be an adequate alternative, mainly to his nutritional similarities with human milk (HM) and excellent palatability. The aim of present prospective study was to evaluate the nutritional impact of DM on the diet of children with CMA in term of children growth. Methods Before the nutritional trial on children and during the study the health and hygiene risks and nutritional and nutraceuticals parameters of DM were monitored. Children with CMA were identified by the execution of in vivo and in vitro tests for CM and subsequent assessment of tolerability of DM with oral food challenge (OFC). Finally, we prescribed DM to a selected group of patients for a period of 6 months during which we monitored the growth of children. A total of 81 children, 70 with IgE mediated cow’s milk protein allergy (IgE-CMPA) and 11 with Food Protein Induced Enterocolitis Syndrome to CM (CM-FPIES), were enrolled. Results Seventy-eight out of 81 patients underwent the OFC with DM and only one patient with IgE-CMPA (1.5 %) reacted. Twenty-two out of 81 patients took part of the nutritional trial. All the 22 patients took and tolerated the DM, moreover DM did not change the normal growth rate of infants. Conclusions In conclusion, DM resulted safe in term of health and hygiene risks and nutritionally adequate: no negative impact on the normal growth rate of children was assessed. Therefore, it may be a suitable alternative for the management of IgE mediated CMA and FPIES, also in the first 6 months of life, if adequately supplemented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucrezia Sarti
- Allergy Unit, department of Paediatrics, Anna Meyer Children's University Hospital, Florence, Italy.
| | - Mina Martini
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.,Interdepartmental Research Center Nutraceuticals and Food for Health, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Giovanni Brajon
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Lazio e della Toscana M. Aleandri, Florence, Italy
| | - Simona Barni
- Allergy Unit, department of Paediatrics, Anna Meyer Children's University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Federica Salari
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Giuseppe Ragona
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Lazio e della Toscana M. Aleandri, Florence, Italy
| | - Francesca Mori
- Allergy Unit, department of Paediatrics, Anna Meyer Children's University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Neri Pucci
- Allergy Unit, department of Paediatrics, Anna Meyer Children's University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Giada Muscas
- Nutrition Unit, department of Paediatrics, Anna Meyer Children's University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Fina Belli
- Nutrition Unit, department of Paediatrics, Anna Meyer Children's University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Franco Corrias
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Lazio e della Toscana M. Aleandri, Florence, Italy
| | - Elio Novembre
- Allergy Unit, department of Paediatrics, Anna Meyer Children's University Hospital, Florence, Italy
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Casein composition and differential translational efficiency of casein transcripts in donkey's milk. J DAIRY RES 2019; 86:201-207. [PMID: 31038088 DOI: 10.1017/s0022029919000256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The amount of the four caseins (αs1, αs2, β and κ-CN) in donkey milk was evaluated by Urea-PAGE analysis at pH 8.6, followed by immuno-detection with polyclonal antibodies, coupled to densitometric analysis. The results showed the percentage of each casein in decreasing order: β (54.28) > αs1 (35.59) > αs2 (7.19) > κ-CN (2.79). The mRNA quantification of donkey casein transcripts, carried out by RT-qPCR, showed that the average percentage of corresponding gene transcripts (CSN2, CSN1S1, CSN1S2 I and CSN3) was 70.85, 6.28, 14.23 and 8.65, respectively. The observed translation efficiency, assessed as percentage of single milk casein fraction out of single percentage of transcript, was 0.76, 5.66, 0.50 and 0.32, respectively. The analysis of the sequences flanking the start codon, the codon usage frequencies and the coding sequence length might explain, at least in part, the differential transcriptional and translational rate observed among the casein transcripts.
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Ryskaliyeva A, Henry C, Miranda G, Faye B, Konuspayeva G, Martin P. Alternative splicing events expand molecular diversity of camel CSN1S2 increasing its ability to generate potentially bioactive peptides. Sci Rep 2019; 9:5243. [PMID: 30918277 PMCID: PMC6437144 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-41649-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In a previous study on camel milk from Kazakhstan, we reported the occurrence of two unknown proteins (UP1 and UP2) with different levels of phosphorylation. Here we show that UP1 and UP2 are isoforms of camel αs2-CN (αs2-CNsv1 and αs2-CNsv2, respectively) arising from alternative splicing events. First described as a 178 amino-acids long protein carrying eight phosphate groups, the major camel αs2-CN isoform (called here αs2-CN) has a molecular mass of 21,906 Da. αs2-CNsv1, a rather frequent (35%) isoform displaying a higher molecular mass (+1,033 Da), is present at four phosphorylation levels (8P to 11P). Using cDNA-sequencing, αs2-CNsv1 was shown to be a variant arising from the splicing-in of an in-frame 27-nucleotide sequence encoding the nonapeptide ENSKKTVDM, for which the presence at the genome level was confirmed. αs2-CNsv2, which appeared to be present at 8P to 12P, was shown to include an additional decapeptide (VKAYQIIPNL) revealed by LC-MS/MS, encoded by a 3'-extension of exon 16. Since milk proteins represent a reservoir of biologically active peptides, the molecular diversity generated by differential splicing might increase its content. To evaluate this possibility, we searched for bioactive peptides encrypted in the different camel αs2-CN isoforms, using an in silico approach. Several peptides, putatively released from the C-terminal part of camel αs2-CN isoforms after in silico digestion by proteases from the digestive tract, were predicted to display anti-bacterial and antihypertensive activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alma Ryskaliyeva
- INRA, UMR GABI, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Céline Henry
- INRA, MICALIS Institute, Plateforme d'Analyse Protéomique Paris Sud-Ouest (PAPPSO), Université Paris-Saclay, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Guy Miranda
- INRA, UMR GABI, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Bernard Faye
- CIRAD, UMR SELMET, 34398, Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Gaukhar Konuspayeva
- Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Biotechnology department, 050040, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Patrice Martin
- INRA, UMR GABI, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France.
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Greco E, El-Aguizy O, Ali MF, Foti S, Cunsolo V, Saletti R, Ciliberto E. Proteomic Analyses on an Ancient Egyptian Cheese and Biomolecular Evidence of Brucellosis. Anal Chem 2018; 90:9673-9676. [PMID: 30044608 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b02535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The material analyzed in this study is probably the most ancient archeological solid residue of cheese ever found to date. The sample was collected during the Saqqara Cairo University excavations in the tomb of Ptahmes dated to XIX dynasty ( El-Aguizy, O. Bulletin de l'Institut Française d'Archéologie Orientale (BIFAO) 2010 , 110 , 13 - 34 (ref (1) ); Staring, N. Bulletin de Institut Français d'Archéologie Orientale (BIFAO) 2015 , 114 , 455 - 518 (ref (2) )). Our biomolecular proteomic characterization of this archeological sample shows that the constituting material was a dairy product obtained by mixing sheep/goat and cow milk. The interactions for thousands of years with the strong alkaline environment of the incorporating soil rich in sodium carbonate and the desertic conditions did not prevent the identification of specific peptide markers which showed high stability under these stressing conditions. Moreover, the presence of Brucella melitensis has been attested by specific peptide providing a reasonable direct biomolecular evidence of the presence of this infection in the Ramesside period for which only indirect paleopathological evidence has been so far provided ( Pappas, G.; Papadimitriou P. Int. J. Antimicrob. Agents 2007 , 30 , 29 - 31 (ref (3) ); Bourke, J. B. Medical History 1971 , 15 ( 4 ), 363 - 375 (ref (4) )). Finally, it is worth noting that, although proteomic approaches are successfully and regularly used to characterize modern biological samples ( D'Ambrosio, C.; Arena, S.; Salzano, A. M.; Renzone, G.; Ledda, L.; and Scaloni, A. Proteomics 2008 8 , 3657 - 3666 (ref (5) ), their application in ancient materials is still at an early stage of progress, only few results being reported about ancient food samples ( Yang, Y.; Shevchenko, A.; Knaust, A.; Abuduresule, I.; Li, W.; Hu, X.; Wang, C.; Shevchenko, A. J. Archaeol. Sci. 2014 , 45 , 178 - 186 (ref (6) ). In the absence of previous relevant evidence of cheese production and/or use, this study, undoubtedly has a clear added value in different fields of knowledge ranging from archaeometry, anthropology, archeology, medicine history to the forensic sciences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrico Greco
- Department of Chemical Sciences , University of Catania , Viale A. Doria 6-I , 95125 Catania , Italy
| | - Ola El-Aguizy
- Head of the Cairo University Excavation Mission, Faculty of Archaeology , Cairo University 12613 Giza , Egypt
| | - Mona Fouad Ali
- Head of Conservation Department, Faculty of Archaeology , Cairo University , 12613 Giza , Egypt
| | - Salvatore Foti
- Department of Chemical Sciences , University of Catania , Viale A. Doria 6-I , 95125 Catania , Italy
| | - Vincenzo Cunsolo
- Department of Chemical Sciences , University of Catania , Viale A. Doria 6-I , 95125 Catania , Italy
| | - Rosaria Saletti
- Department of Chemical Sciences , University of Catania , Viale A. Doria 6-I , 95125 Catania , Italy
| | - Enrico Ciliberto
- Department of Chemical Sciences , University of Catania , Viale A. Doria 6-I , 95125 Catania , Italy
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Combining different proteomic approaches to resolve complexity of the milk protein fraction of dromedary, Bactrian camels and hybrids, from different regions of Kazakhstan. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0197026. [PMID: 29746547 PMCID: PMC5944991 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0197026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Nutritional suitability of milk is not only related to gross composition, but is also strongly affected by the microheterogeniety of the protein fraction. Hence, to go further into the evaluation of the potential suitability of non-bovine milks in human/infant nutrition it is necessary to have a detailed characterization of their protein components. Combining proven proteomic approaches (SDS-PAGE, LC-MS/MS and LC-ESI-MS) and cDNA sequencing, we provide here in depth characterization of the milk protein fraction of dromedary and Bactrian camels, and their hybrids, from different regions of Kazakhstan. A total 391 functional groups of proteins were identified from 8 camel milk samples. A detailed characterization of 50 protein molecules, relating to genetic variants and isoforms arising from post-translational modifications and alternative splicing events, belonging to nine protein families (κ-, αs1-, αs2-, β-; and γ-CN, WAP, α-LAC, PGRP, CSA/LPO) was achieved by LC-ESI-MS. The presence of two unknown proteins UP1 (22,939 Da) and UP2 (23,046 Da) was also reported as well as the existence of a β-CN short isoform (946 Da lighter than the full-length β-CN), arising very likely in both genetic variants (A and B) from proteolysis by plasmin. In addition, we report, for the first time to our knowledge, the occurrence of a αs2-CN phosphorylation isoform with 12P groups within two recognition motifs, suggesting thereby the existence of two kinase systems involved in the phosphorylation of caseins in the mammary gland. Finally, we demonstrate that genetic variants, which hitherto seemed to be species- specific (e.g. β-CN A for Bactrian and β-CN B for dromedary), are in fact present both in Camel dromedarius and C. bactrianus.
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Souroullas K, Aspri M, Papademas P. Donkey milk as a supplement in infant formula: Benefits and technological challenges. Food Res Int 2018; 109:416-425. [PMID: 29803466 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2018.04.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Revised: 03/30/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this review paper is to assess the applicability of donkey's milk to infants suffering from Cow Milk Protein Allergy (CMPA) compared to human and other available milk types. The bioactive and immune-supportive character which could be beneficial as a fortifier to the formula-fed infants is described while limitations of this type of milk are also discussed. Studies showed that human and donkey's milk have similar, overall, chemical composition as well as protein homogeneity and antigenic similarities. Several in vitro and in vivo studies showed that donkey's milk has nutraceutical and functional properties that can support immunity, alter metabolism and beneficially modify gut microbiota. Clinical studies illustrated that donkeys' milk is well tolerated (82.6%-88%) by infants. Finally, the effect that processing (i.e. thermal, non-thermal treatments, drying methods) has on donkey milk components is also discussed pointing out the need for minimally processing this type of milk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kallis Souroullas
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Biotechnology & Food Science, Cyprus University of Technology, 3036 Limassol, Cyprus
| | - Maria Aspri
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Biotechnology & Food Science, Cyprus University of Technology, 3036 Limassol, Cyprus
| | - Photis Papademas
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Biotechnology & Food Science, Cyprus University of Technology, 3036 Limassol, Cyprus.
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Criscione A, Cunsolo V, Tumino S, Di Francesco A, Bordonaro S, Muccilli V, Saletti R, Marletta D. Polymorphism at donkey β-lactoglobulin II locus: identification and characterization of a new genetic variant with a very low expression. Amino Acids 2018; 50:735-746. [PMID: 29572574 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-018-2555-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
In the last years, donkey milk had evidenced a renewed interest as a potential functional food and a breast milk substitute. In this light, the study of the protein composition assumes an important role. In particular, β-lactoglobulin (β-LG), which is considered as one of the main allergenic milk protein, in donkey species consists of two molecular forms, namely β-LG I and β-LG II. In the present research, a genetic analysis coupled with a proteomic approach showed the presence of a new allele, here named F, which is apparently associated with a null or a severely reduced expression of β-LG II protein. The new β-LG II F genetic variant shows a theoretical average mass (Mav) of 18,310.64 Da, a value practically corresponding with that of the variant D (∆mass < 0.07 Da), but differs from β-LG II D for two amino acid substitutions: Thr100 (variant F) → Ala100 (variant D) and Thr118 (variant F) → Met118 (variant D). Proteomic investigation of the whey protein fraction of an individual milk sample, homozygous FF at β-LG II locus, allowed to identify, as very minor component, the new β-LG II F genetic variant. By MS/MS analysis of enzymatic digests, the sequence of the β-LG II F was characterized, and the predicted genomic data confirmed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Criscione
- Animal Production Section, Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Catania, Via Valdisavoia 5, 95123, Catania, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Cunsolo
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125, Catania, Italy.
| | - Serena Tumino
- Animal Production Section, Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Catania, Via Valdisavoia 5, 95123, Catania, Italy
| | - Antonella Di Francesco
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125, Catania, Italy
| | - Salvatore Bordonaro
- Animal Production Section, Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Catania, Via Valdisavoia 5, 95123, Catania, Italy
| | - Vera Muccilli
- Animal Production Section, Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Catania, Via Valdisavoia 5, 95123, Catania, Italy
| | - Rosaria Saletti
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125, Catania, Italy
| | - Donata Marletta
- Animal Production Section, Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Catania, Via Valdisavoia 5, 95123, Catania, Italy
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