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Shibasaki I, Otani N, Ouchi M, Fukuda T, Matsuoka T, Hirota S, Yokoyama S, Kanazawa Y, Kato T, Shimizu R, Tezuka M, Takei Y, Tsuchiya G, Saito S, Konishi T, Ogata K, Toyoda S, Fukuda H, Nakajima T. Utility of growth differentiation factor-15 as a predictor of cardiovascular surgery outcomes: Current research and future directions. J Cardiol 2024; 83:211-218. [PMID: 37648079 DOI: 10.1016/j.jjcc.2023.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
In a world increasingly confronted by cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and an aging population, accurate risk assessment prior to cardiac surgery is critical. Although effective, traditional risk calculators such as the Japan SCORE, Society of Thoracic Surgeons score, and EuroSCORE II may not completely capture contemporary risks, particularly due to emerging factors such as frailty and sarcopenia. These calculators often focus on regional and ethnic specificity and rely heavily on evaluations based on age and underlying diseases. Growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15) is a stress-responsive cytokine that has been identified as a potential biomarker for sarcopenia and a tool for future cardiac risk assessment. Preoperative plasma GDF-15 levels have been associated with preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative factors and short- and long-term mortality rates in patients undergoing cardiac surgery. Increased plasma GDF-15 levels have prognostic significance, having been correlated with the use of cardiopulmonary bypass during surgery, amount of bleeding, postoperative acute kidney injury, and intensive care unit stay duration. Notably, the inclusion of preoperative levels of GDF-15 in risk stratification models enhances their predictive value, especially when compared with those of the N-terminal prohormone of brain natriuretic peptide, which does not lead to reclassification. Thus, this review examines traditional risk assessments for cardiac surgery and the role of the novel biomarker GDF-15. This study acknowledges that the relationship between patient outcomes and elevated GDF-15 levels is not limited to CVDs or cardiac surgery but can be associated with variable diseases, including diabetes and cancer. Moreover, the normal range of GDF-15 is not well defined. Given its promise for improving patient care and outcomes in cardiovascular surgery, future research should explore the potential of GDF-15 as a biomarker for postoperative outcomes and target therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ikuko Shibasaki
- Department of Cardiac and Vascular Surgery, Dokkyo Medical University, School of Medicine, Mibu, Japan.
| | - Naoyuki Otani
- Department of Cardiology, Dokkyo Medical University, Nikko Medical Center, Nikko, Japan
| | - Motoshi Ouchi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Dokkyo Medical University, School of Medicine, Mibu, Japan; Department of Health Promotion in Nursing and Midwifery, Innovative Nursing for Life Course, Chiba University Graduate School of Nursing, Chiba, Japan
| | - Taira Fukuda
- Department of Liberal Arts and Human Development, Kanagawa University of Human Services, Yokosuka, Japan
| | - Taiki Matsuoka
- Department of Cardiac and Vascular Surgery, Dokkyo Medical University, School of Medicine, Mibu, Japan
| | - Shotaro Hirota
- Department of Cardiac and Vascular Surgery, Dokkyo Medical University, School of Medicine, Mibu, Japan
| | - Shohei Yokoyama
- Department of Cardiac and Vascular Surgery, Dokkyo Medical University, School of Medicine, Mibu, Japan
| | - Yuta Kanazawa
- Department of Cardiac and Vascular Surgery, Dokkyo Medical University, School of Medicine, Mibu, Japan
| | - Takashi Kato
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Maebashi Red Cross Hospital, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Riha Shimizu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Maebashi Red Cross Hospital, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Masahiro Tezuka
- Department of Cardiac and Vascular Surgery, Dokkyo Medical University, School of Medicine, Mibu, Japan
| | - Yusuke Takei
- Department of Cardiac and Vascular Surgery, Dokkyo Medical University, School of Medicine, Mibu, Japan
| | - Go Tsuchiya
- Department of Cardiac and Vascular Surgery, Dokkyo Medical University, School of Medicine, Mibu, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Saito
- Department of Cardiac and Vascular Surgery, Dokkyo Medical University, School of Medicine, Mibu, Japan
| | - Taisuke Konishi
- Department of Cardiac and Vascular Surgery, Dokkyo Medical University, School of Medicine, Mibu, Japan
| | - Koji Ogata
- Department of Cardiac and Vascular Surgery, Dokkyo Medical University, School of Medicine, Mibu, Japan
| | - Shigeru Toyoda
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Dokkyo Medical University, School of Medicine, Mibu, Japan
| | - Hirotsugu Fukuda
- Department of Cardiac and Vascular Surgery, Dokkyo Medical University, School of Medicine, Mibu, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Nakajima
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Dokkyo Medical University, School of Medicine, Mibu, Japan
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Mo Q, Zhuo L, Liao Z, Li R, Chen Y, Geng J. Serum GDF-15 Predicts In-Hospital Mortality and Arrhythmic Risks in Patients With Acute Myocardial Infarction. Clin Appl Thromb Hemost 2022; 28:10760296211063875. [PMID: 35001647 PMCID: PMC8753242 DOI: 10.1177/10760296211063875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aims to evaluate the association of serum growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF-15) with in-hospital mortality and arrhythmic risks in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). A total of 296 consecutive patients with AMI were enrolled in our hospital from Jan. 2018 to Dec. 2020. Serum GDF-15 levels were measured at baseline. The primary endpoint was in-hospital all-cause mortality, and the secondary endpoint was major adverse cardiac events (MACEs) during hospitalization, defined as a composite of cardiovascular death, heart failure, sustained ventricular arrhythmias (ventricular tachycardia or ventricular fibrillation), and bleeding. During hospitalization, patients with a higher GDF-15 level had significantly higher incidences of in-hospital mortality (7.4% vs 1.4%; P = .02) and MACEs (9.5% vs 20.9%, P < .01) than those with a lower GDF-15 level. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that a higher GDF-15 level was significantly associated with increased risks of in-hospital mortality (OR = 1.92, 95% CI: 1.44-2.50; P < .01) and MACEs (OR = 2.19, 95% CI: 1.56-2.77; P < .01). In conclusion, GDF-15 was associated with the risks of in-hospital mortality and MACEs, indicating that it should be a prognostic biomarker for patients with AMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuping Mo
- Liuzhou People's Hospital, Liuzhou, Guangxi, China
| | - Liuan Zhuo
- Liuzhou People's Hospital, Liuzhou, Guangxi, China
| | - Zhihong Liao
- Liuzhou People's Hospital, Liuzhou, Guangxi, China
| | - Rongshan Li
- Liuzhou People's Hospital, Liuzhou, Guangxi, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Liuzhou People's Hospital, Liuzhou, Guangxi, China
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Neoxanthin prevents H 2O 2-induced cytotoxicity in HepG2 cells by activating endogenous antioxidant signals and suppressing apoptosis signals. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 48:6923-6934. [PMID: 34487292 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06695-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The liver has a solid inbuilt antioxidant defense system to regulate oxidative stress. However, exposure to an excessive level of ROS causes liver injury. This study examined the cytoprotective effect of neoxanthin, a xanthophyll antioxidant molecule isolated from Solanum trilobatum in stress-induced HepG2 cells. METHODS AND RESULTS The cytotoxic effect of H2O2 and cytoprotective potential of β-carotene, lutein, and neoxanthin was analyzed by WST-1 assay. The intracellular ROS level and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) were measured using DCFH-DA (2', 7'-dichlorofluorescin diacetate) and JC-10 MMP assay. The expression of anti-oxidant and apoptotic markers was measured by western blot analysis. Neoxanthin pretreatment exhibited better protection than β-carotene and lutein against cell death caused by H2O2. It significantly arrested H2O2-mediated elevation of intracellular ROS levels and protected MMP. The intracellular antioxidant enzymes HO-1 and SOD-2 were upregulated by neoxanthin pretreatment. Neoxanthin also activated the protein expression of redox-sensitive transactivation factors, Nrf2 and NF-kB. The cytoprotective effect of neoxanthin was associated with increased expression of the anti-apoptotic protein, Bcl-2 and decreased pro-apoptotic protein Bax. CONCLUSIONS For the first time, our results demonstrate that neoxanthin offers adequate protection against stress-mediated cytotoxicity in hepatocytes by activating the intracellular antioxidant defense system and blocking apoptosis.
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Li Y, Luo W, Zhang H, Wang C, Yu C, Jiang Z, Zhang W. Antitumor Mechanism of Hydroxycamptothecin via the Metabolic Perturbation of Ribonucleotide and Deoxyribonucleotide in Human Colorectal Carcinoma Cells. Molecules 2021; 26:4902. [PMID: 34443490 PMCID: PMC8398164 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26164902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydroxycamptothecin (SN38) is a natural plant extract isolated from Camptotheca acuminate. It has a broad spectrum of anticancer activity through inhibition of DNA topoisomerase I, which could affect DNA synthesis and lead to DNA damage. Thus, the action of SN38 against cancers could inevitably affect endogenous levels of ribonucleotide (RNs) and deoxyribonucleotide (dRNs) that play critical roles in many biological processes, especially in DNA synthesis and repair. However, the exact impact of SN38 on RNs and dRNs is yet to be fully elucidated. In this study, we evaluated the anticancer effect and associated mechanism of SN38 in human colorectal carcinoma HCT 116 cells. As a result, SN38 could decrease the cell viability and induce DNA damage in a concentration-dependent manner. Furthermore, cell cycle arrest and intracellular nucleotide metabolism were perturbed due to DNA damage response, of which ATP, UTP, dATP, and TTP may be the critical metabolites during the whole process. Combined with the expression of deoxyribonucleoside triphosphates synthesis enzymes, our results demonstrated that the alteration and imbalance of deoxyribonucleoside triphosphates caused by SN38 was mainly due to the de novo nucleotide synthesis at 24 h, and subsequently the salvage pathways at 48 h. The unique features of SN38 suggested that it might be recommended as an effective supplementary drug with an anticancer effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau 999078, China; (Y.L.); (W.L.); (H.Z.); (C.W.)
| | - Wendi Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau 999078, China; (Y.L.); (W.L.); (H.Z.); (C.W.)
| | - Huixia Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau 999078, China; (Y.L.); (W.L.); (H.Z.); (C.W.)
| | - Caiyun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau 999078, China; (Y.L.); (W.L.); (H.Z.); (C.W.)
| | - Caiyuan Yu
- Faculty of Agroforestry and Medicine, The Open University of China, Beijing 100039, China;
| | - Zhihong Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau 999078, China; (Y.L.); (W.L.); (H.Z.); (C.W.)
| | - Wei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau 999078, China; (Y.L.); (W.L.); (H.Z.); (C.W.)
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Pathaw L, Khamrang T, Selvakumaran B, Murali M, Arul Prakash P, Mohamed Jaabir MS, Velusamy M. Synthesis, structure, characterization and biological evaluation of 3‐substituted 1‐pyridin‐2‐ylimidazo[1,5‐
a
]pyridine‐based copper(I)–phosphine complexes for anticancer drug screening. Appl Organomet Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.6025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Larica Pathaw
- Department of Chemistry North‐Eastern Hill University Shillong India
| | | | - Balasubramaniam Selvakumaran
- Coordination and Bioinorganic Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry National College (Autonomous) Tiruchirappalli India
| | - Mariappan Murali
- Coordination and Bioinorganic Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry National College (Autonomous) Tiruchirappalli India
| | - Pitchan Arul Prakash
- Department of Biotechnology and Microbiology National College (Autonomous) Tiruchirappalli India
| | | | - Marappan Velusamy
- Department of Chemistry North‐Eastern Hill University Shillong India
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Al-Mudares F, Reddick S, Ren J, Venkatesh A, Zhao C, Lingappan K. Role of Growth Differentiation Factor 15 in Lung Disease and Senescence: Potential Role Across the Lifespan. Front Med (Lausanne) 2020; 7:594137. [PMID: 33344478 PMCID: PMC7744305 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2020.594137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Growth Differentiation Factor 15 (GDF15) is a divergent member of transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) superfamily and is ubiquitously expressed, under normal physiological conditions. GDF15 expression increases during many pathological states and serves a marker of cellular stress. GDF15 has multiple and even paradoxical roles within a pathological condition, as its effects can be dose- and time-dependent and vary based on the targeted tissues and downstream pathways. GDF15 has emerged as one of the most recognized proteins as part of the senescence associated secretory phenotype. Cellular senescence plays a major role in many lung diseases across the life-span from bronchopulmonary dysplasia in the premature neonate to COPD and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis in aged adults. GDF15 levels have been reported to be as a useful biomarker in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, lung fibrosis and pulmonary arterial hypertension and predict disease severity, decline in lung function and mortality. Glial-cell-line-derived neurotrophic factor family receptor alpha-like (GFRAL) in the brain stem has been identified as the only validated GDF15 receptor and mediates GDF15-mediated anorexia and wasting. The mechanisms and pathways by which GDF15 exerts its pulmonary effects are being elucidated. GDF15 may also have an impact on the lung based on the changes in circulating levels or through the central action of GDF15 activating peripheral metabolic changes. This review focuses on the role of GDF15 in different lung diseases across the lifespan and its role in cellular senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faeq Al-Mudares
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | | | - Jenny Ren
- Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | | | - Candi Zhao
- Rice University, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Krithika Lingappan
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
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7
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Li Y, Guo J, Zhang H, Lam CW, Luo W, Zhou H, Zhang W. Protective Effect of Thymidine on DNA Damage Induced by Hydrogen Peroxide in Human Hepatocellular Cancer Cells. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:21796-21804. [PMID: 32905386 PMCID: PMC7469367 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c02843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Intracellular ribonucleotide (RN) and deoxyribonucleotide (dRN) pool sizes are critical for the fidelity of DNA synthesis. They are likely to be severely perturbed by many factors which disrupt the integrity and stability of DNA, leading to DNA damage. Exogenously supplied nucleosides are able to increase the deoxynucleoside triphosphate pools, then reverse the DNA damage, and decrease the oncogene-induced transformation dramatically. In this study, the impact of thymidine on the hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced DNA damage was investigated in HepG2 liver cancer cells. From the result of the comet assay, the tail length of cells in the thymidine 600 μM + H2O2 1.0 mM group was dramatically decreased from 42.1 ± 10.8 to 21.9 ± 2.4 μm compared to that exposed with 1.0 mM H2O2 (p < 0.05), suggesting that pretreatment of thymidine reduced the DNA damage of HepG2 cells. Although the RN and dRN contents decreased in the damage group, most of them presented increasing tendency when pretreated with thymidine, especially the key metabolites dCTP, which was mainly related with the decline in the rate of DNA synthesis. The restoration also showed a significant G0/G1 phase arrest of cell cycle progression from 44.6 ± 2.2 to 56.6 ± 0.4% after pretreated with thymidine (p < 0.05). In conclusion, our data demonstrated that the pretreatment with thymidine had a potential protective ability against oxidative damage for DNA in HepG2 cells through the perturbation of RN and dRN pools as well as cell cycle arrest, which should provide new insights into the molecular basis of preventing H2O2-induced oxidative DNA damage in mammalian cells.
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8
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Song Y, Zhang Y, Li R, Chen W, Chung CKA, Cai Z. The cellular effects of PM 2.5 collected in Chinese Taiyuan and Guangzhou and their associations with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), nitro-PAHs and hydroxy-PAHs. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 191:110225. [PMID: 32001423 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Numerous studies have demonstrated adverse effects on human health after exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5). However, it is still not clear how the toxicological effects and the health risks vary among PM samples of different compositions and concentrations. In this study, we examined effects of region- and season-dependent differences of PM2.5 on cytotoxicity, and the contributions of PAHs, nitro-PAHs (N-PAHs) and hydroxy-PAHs (OH-PAHs) to PM2.5 toxicity by determining different toxicological indicators in three lung cell lines. The results illustrated significant differences in components concentrations and biological responses elicited by PM2.5 collected in different cities and seasons. The concentrations of most PAHs, N-PAHs and OH-PAHs were much higher in Taiyuan than in Guangzhou. PM2.5 from Taiyuan exhibited lower cell viability and higher reactive oxygen species (ROS) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) release on lung cells than those from Guangzhou. Specifically, PM2.5 collected in summer from Taiyuan caused higher levels of pro-inflammatory responses and oxidative potential than those collected in winter. The correlation analysis between 19 PAHs, 17 N-PAHs and 12 OH-PAHs and the measured indicators demonstrated that PAHs were more related to PM2.5-induced CCK-8 cytotoxicity and IL-6 release in Taiyuan while N-PAHs and OH-PAHs were more related to PM2.5-induced CCK-8 cytotoxicity and dithiothreitol (DTT)-based redox activity in Guangzhou, suggesting that the toxicity of PM2.5 from Taiyuan was mostly correlated with PAHs while the toxicity of PM2.5 from Guangzhou was closely associated with N-PAHs and OH-PAHs. These results revealed that composition differences in PM2.5 from different regions and seasons significantly accounted for the differences of their toxicological effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Song
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yanhao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ruijin Li
- Institute of Environmental Science, College of Environmental & Resource Sciences, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Chi Kong Arthur Chung
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Zongwei Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China; School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China.
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Nakajima T, Shibasaki I, Sawaguchi T, Haruyama A, Kaneda H, Nakajima T, Hasegawa T, Arikawa T, Obi S, Sakuma M, Ogawa H, Toyoda S, Nakamura F, Abe S, Fukuda H, Inoue T. Growth Differentiation Factor-15 (GDF-15) is a Biomarker of Muscle Wasting and Renal Dysfunction in Preoperative Cardiovascular Surgery Patients. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8101576. [PMID: 31581569 PMCID: PMC6832285 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8101576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2019] [Revised: 09/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Frailty and sarcopenia increase the risk of complications and mortality when invasive treatment such as cardiac surgery is performed. Growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15) involves various pathophysiological conditions including renal dysfunction, heart failure and cachexia. We investigated the pathophysiological roles of preoperative GDF-15 levels in cardiovascular surgery patients. Preoperative skeletal muscle index (SMI) determined by bioelectrical impedance analysis, hand-grip strength, 4 m gait speed, and anterior thigh muscle thickness (TMth) measured by echocardiography were assessed in 72 patients (average age 69.9 years) who underwent cardiovascular surgery. The preoperative serum GDF-15 concentration was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Circulating GDF-15 level was correlated with age, brain natriuretic peptide, and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). It was also negatively correlated with SMI, hand-grip strength, and anterior TMth. In multivariate analysis, eGFR and anterior TMth were the independent determinants of GDF-15 concentration even after adjusting for age, sex, and body mass index. Alternatively, the GDF-15 level was an independent determinant of eGFR and anterior TMth. We concluded that preoperative GDF-15 levels reflect muscle wasting as well as renal dysfunction in preoperative cardiovascular surgery patients. GDF-15 may be a novel biomarker for identify high-risk patients with muscle wasting and renal dysfunction before cardiovascular surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiaki Nakajima
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, School of Medicine, Dokkyo Medical University, Shimotsuga-gun, Tochigi 321-0293, Japan.
| | - Ikuko Shibasaki
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, School of Medicine, Dokkyo Medical University, Shimotsuga-gun, Tochigi 321-0293, Japan.
| | - Tatsuya Sawaguchi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, School of Medicine, Dokkyo Medical University, Shimotsuga-gun, Tochigi 321-0293, Japan.
| | - Akiko Haruyama
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, School of Medicine, Dokkyo Medical University, Shimotsuga-gun, Tochigi 321-0293, Japan.
| | - Hiroyuki Kaneda
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, School of Medicine, Dokkyo Medical University, Shimotsuga-gun, Tochigi 321-0293, Japan.
| | - Takafumi Nakajima
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, School of Medicine, Dokkyo Medical University, Shimotsuga-gun, Tochigi 321-0293, Japan.
| | - Takaaki Hasegawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, School of Medicine, Dokkyo Medical University, Shimotsuga-gun, Tochigi 321-0293, Japan.
| | - Takuo Arikawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, School of Medicine, Dokkyo Medical University, Shimotsuga-gun, Tochigi 321-0293, Japan.
| | - Syotaro Obi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, School of Medicine, Dokkyo Medical University, Shimotsuga-gun, Tochigi 321-0293, Japan.
| | - Masashi Sakuma
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, School of Medicine, Dokkyo Medical University, Shimotsuga-gun, Tochigi 321-0293, Japan.
| | - Hironaga Ogawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, School of Medicine, Dokkyo Medical University, Shimotsuga-gun, Tochigi 321-0293, Japan.
| | - Shigeru Toyoda
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, School of Medicine, Dokkyo Medical University, Shimotsuga-gun, Tochigi 321-0293, Japan.
| | - Fumitaka Nakamura
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, Teikyo University, Chiba Medical Center, Ichihara, Chiba 299-0111, Japan.
| | - Shichiro Abe
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, School of Medicine, Dokkyo Medical University, Shimotsuga-gun, Tochigi 321-0293, Japan.
| | - Hirotsugu Fukuda
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, School of Medicine, Dokkyo Medical University, Shimotsuga-gun, Tochigi 321-0293, Japan.
| | - Teruo Inoue
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, School of Medicine, Dokkyo Medical University, Shimotsuga-gun, Tochigi 321-0293, Japan.
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10
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Cui X, Zhou T, Shen Y, Rong Y, Zhang Z, Liu Y, Xiao L, Zhou Y, Li W, Chen W. Different biological effects of PM 2.5 from coal combustion, gasoline exhaust and urban ambient air relate to the PAH/metal compositions. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2019; 69:120-128. [PMID: 31026736 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2019.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Few studies have compared the biological effects of PM2.5 from coal combustion, gasoline exhaust and urban ambient air, and the roles of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and metals playing in the process remain unclear. In this study, PM2.5 samples from coal combustion, gasoline exhaust and urban ambient air were analyzed for 16 PAHs and 23 metals. Cytotoxic and inflammatory effects of different PM2.5 were evaluated on differentiated THP-1 and A549 cells, respectively. We found that the coal combustion PM2.5 samples induced stronger cytotoxic and inflammatory effects (p < 0.05). Pearson's correlation and principal component analysis showed that the PAHs containing four or more benzenoid rings and specific metals of cadmium, thallium, zinc and lead were positively related to the biological effects. Our results suggested that coal combustion PM2.5 might be a more serious health hazard. Specific PAHs and metals might be account for the PM2.5 induced biological effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuqing Cui
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China; Institute of Health Surveillance, Analysis and Protection, Hubei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan, Hubei, 430079, China
| | - Ting Zhou
- School of Public Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430065, China
| | - Yan Shen
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
| | - Yi Rong
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
| | - Zhihong Zhang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
| | - Yuewei Liu
- Institute of Health Surveillance, Analysis and Protection, Hubei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan, Hubei, 430079, China
| | - Lili Xiao
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
| | - Yun Zhou
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
| | - Weihong Chen
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China.
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11
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Lipid and Carotenoid Production by Rhodotorula glutinis with a Combined Cultivation Mode of Nitrogen, Sulfur, and Aluminium Stress. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/app9122444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Torulene is a promising pink pigment, produced only by yeasts and fungi, and its production is still in a developing stage due to the low production rate. Accordingly, this study focuses on maximizing torulene production by Rhodotorula glutinis using shaken flask fermentation. The effect of different nitrogen sources, and C/N and C/S ratios on lipid and carotenoid production by R. glutinis was studied using 60 g/L glucose. The largest cells filled with golden fluorescence lipid bodies were observed using fluorescence microscopy when peptone was used as a nitrogen source. The highest total pigment (0.947 mg/L) and carotenoid relative productivity (Car-RP) (89.04 µg/g) were obtained at C/N 146 and C/S 120, and with ammonium sulfate as a nitrogen source, with 62% torulene domination using High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) for identification. Under a high C/N ratio, regardless of the C/S ratio, the carotenoid synthesis rate decreased after three days while the lipid synthesis rate kept increasing to the sixth day. Interestingly, after adding 0.7 mM Al2(SO4)3 to the optimized medium, the total pigment and Car-RP (2.2 mg/L and 212.9 µg/g) sharply increased, producing around 2.16 mg/L torulene (98%) with around 50% decrease in lipid yield. This is the first report on the role of Al2(SO4)3 for enhancing torulene production under lipogenesis condition, which could be used as a potential tool for torulene production.
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12
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Lyu Y, Su S, Wang B, Zhu X, Wang X, Zeng EY, Xing B, Tao S. Seasonal and spatial variations in the chemical components and the cellular effects of particulate matter collected in Northern China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 627:1627-1637. [PMID: 30857121 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.01.224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Revised: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The health effects of airborne particulate matter (PM) are likely to be strongly influenced by its components. The relationship between the composition of PM and its biological effects has been investigated in vitro/vivo, but more studies are needed to achieve a better understanding of the relationship. Such studies are limited in Northern China, where severe air pollution causes significant health impacts. In this study, we analyzed seasonal PM10 (PM, aerodynamic diameter less than 10μm) samples from five typical cities in Northern China for their physicochemical properties and their in vitro effects on A549 (human lung epithelial cell line) and RAW264.7 (murine monocyte macrophage) cells, including cytotoxicity, oxidative stress and inflammatory effects. Principal component analysis and multiple linear regressions were used to investigate the relationship between the PM components and the cellular responses. The cellular responses of A549 cells were more closely related to the endotoxin content and the levels of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and their derivatives, while the cellular responses of RAW264.7 cells were largely related to PM10-bound metals, and the chalcophile elements (Pb, Cu, Zn, Cd) were more related to the PM-induced oxidative stress, whereas the lithophile and siderophile elements (Al, Fe, Mg, Co, V, Mn, Ca) were more related to PM-induced inflammation and cytotoxicity. As PM compositions changed seasonally, more intense cellular responses were seen when A549 cells were exposed to winter samples that contained higher levels of those components. The autumn and winter samples induced higher levels of oxidative stress in RAW264.7 cells, possibly due to higher contents of chalcophile elements, whereas the spring and/or summer samples were more cytotoxic and proinflammatory, possibly due to higher contents of lithophile and siderophile elements. The study suggests that the evaluation of health impacts induced by air pollution should take into account different physiochemical properties other than the mass concentration, and that public health would benefit greatly from effective, prioritized control of the sources that are the major producers of the central species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Lyu
- College of Geographic and Environment, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Shu Su
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
| | - Bin Wang
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health, Ministry of Health Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xi Zhu
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xilong Wang
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Eddy Y Zeng
- School of Environment, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Baoshan Xing
- Stockbridge School of Agriculture, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, United States
| | - Shu Tao
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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13
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Heavy metal tolerance in marine strains of Yarrowia lipolytica. Extremophiles 2018; 22:617-628. [DOI: 10.1007/s00792-018-1022-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 03/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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14
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MohseniBandpi A, Eslami A, Shahsavani A, Khodagholi F, Alinejad A. Physicochemical characterization of ambient PM 2.5 in Tehran air and its potential cytotoxicity in human lung epithelial cells (A549). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 593-594:182-190. [PMID: 28343038 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.03.150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2017] [Revised: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
As air pollution is a major problem in Tehran, this study aimed to investigate the physicochemical characterization of the water-soluble and organic contents of ambient PM2.5 in Tehran and determine its in vitro toxicological impact on human lung epithelial cells (A549). A total of 11 sampling stations were selected, including three categories: traffic, urban, and suburban. All sampling was carried out in the spring and summer of 2015. Ion chromatography (IC), inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES), and GC-MS were used to analyze ionic compounds, heavy metals, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), respectively, and an ELISA reader was used for cytotoxicity analysis. The most prevalent ionic species found for all three categories was SO42-. PAH concentrations were 43.45±32.71, 50.51±37.27, and 29.13±33.29ng/m3 for traffic, urban, and suburban stations, respectively. For all sampling stations, Al and Fe had the highest values among the investigated heavy metals. Cell viability measurements, carried out using the MTT assay, showed that all three categories of samples cause cytotoxicity, although the urban station samples showed higher cytotoxicity than those from the other stations (p˂0.05). Based on the results of the present study, organic compounds and insoluble particles could be the main causes of cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anoushiravan MohseniBandpi
- Environmental and Occupational Hazards Control Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Akbar Eslami
- Environmental and Occupational Hazards Control Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Shahsavani
- Environmental and Occupational Hazards Control Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fariba Khodagholi
- Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abdolazim Alinejad
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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15
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Sansone C, Galasso C, Orefice I, Nuzzo G, Luongo E, Cutignano A, Romano G, Brunet C, Fontana A, Esposito F, Ianora A. The green microalga Tetraselmis suecica reduces oxidative stress and induces repairing mechanisms in human cells. Sci Rep 2017; 7:41215. [PMID: 28117410 PMCID: PMC5259714 DOI: 10.1038/srep41215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 11/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Green microalgae contain many active pigments such as carotenoids having antioxidant and protective activity on human cells. Here we investigate the biological activity of an ethanol/water extract of the marine green microalga Tetraselmis suecica containing high levels of carotenoids such as the xanthophylls lutein, violaxanthin, neoxanthin, antheraxanthin and loroxanthin esters. This extract has a strong antioxidant and repairing activity in the human lung cancer cell line (A549) as shown by the increased expression of dehydrocholesterol reductase-24 (DHCR24) and prostaglandin reductase 1 (PTGR1) genes and proteins. The extract also reduces prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) levels in cells damaged by H2O2 and has tissue repairing effects on reconstructed human epidermal tissue cells (EpiDermTM) indicating a potential cosmeceutical activity of this microalgal species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clementina Sansone
- Integrative Marine Ecology Department, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, Naples 80121, Italy
| | - Christian Galasso
- Integrative Marine Ecology Department, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, Naples 80121, Italy.,University of Naples "Federico II", Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, Via Federico Delpino 1, Naples 80137, Italy
| | - Ida Orefice
- Integrative Marine Ecology Department, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, Naples 80121, Italy
| | - Genoveffa Nuzzo
- Bio-Organic Chemistry Unit, Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry-CNR, Via Campi Flegrei 34, Pozzuoli, Naples 80078, Italy
| | - Elvira Luongo
- Bio-Organic Chemistry Unit, Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry-CNR, Via Campi Flegrei 34, Pozzuoli, Naples 80078, Italy
| | - Adele Cutignano
- Bio-Organic Chemistry Unit, Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry-CNR, Via Campi Flegrei 34, Pozzuoli, Naples 80078, Italy
| | - Giovanna Romano
- Integrative Marine Ecology Department, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, Naples 80121, Italy
| | - Christophe Brunet
- Integrative Marine Ecology Department, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, Naples 80121, Italy
| | - Angelo Fontana
- Bio-Organic Chemistry Unit, Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry-CNR, Via Campi Flegrei 34, Pozzuoli, Naples 80078, Italy
| | - Francesco Esposito
- Integrative Marine Ecology Department, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, Naples 80121, Italy
| | - Adrianna Ianora
- Integrative Marine Ecology Department, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, Naples 80121, Italy
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16
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Mohseni Bandpi A, Eslami A, Shahsavani A, Khodagholi F, Aliaghaei A, Alinejad A. Water-soluble and organic extracts of ambient PM2.5 in Tehran air: assessment of genotoxic effects on human lung epithelial cells (A549) by the Comet assay. TOXIN REV 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/15569543.2016.1259634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - A. Eslami
- Environmental and Occupational Hazards Control Research Center,
| | - A. Shahsavani
- Environmental and Occupational Hazards Control Research Center,
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health,
| | | | - A. Aliaghaei
- Anatomy and Cell Biology Department, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - A. Alinejad
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health,
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17
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Patel MS, Lee J, Baz M, Wells CE, Bloch S, Lewis A, Donaldson AV, Garfield BE, Hopkinson NS, Natanek A, Man WD, Wells DJ, Baker EH, Polkey MI, Kemp PR. Growth differentiation factor-15 is associated with muscle mass in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and promotes muscle wasting in vivo. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2016; 7:436-48. [PMID: 27239406 PMCID: PMC4864181 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2014] [Revised: 04/23/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Loss of muscle mass is a co-morbidity common to a range of chronic diseases including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Several systemic features of COPD including increased inflammatory signalling, oxidative stress, and hypoxia are known to increase the expression of growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15), a protein associated with muscle wasting in other diseases. We therefore hypothesized that GDF-15 may contribute to muscle wasting in COPD. METHODS We determined the expression of GDF-15 in the serum and muscle of patients with COPD and analysed the association of GDF-15 expression with muscle mass and exercise performance. To determine whether GDF-15 had a direct effect on muscle, we also determined the effect of increased GDF-15 expression on the tibialis anterior of mice by electroporation. RESULTS Growth differentiation factor-15 was increased in the circulation and muscle of COPD patients compared with controls. Circulating GDF-15 was inversely correlated with rectus femoris cross-sectional area (P < 0.001) and exercise capacity (P < 0.001) in two separate cohorts of patients but was not associated with body mass index. GDF-15 levels were associated with 8-oxo-dG in the circulation of patients consistent with a role for oxidative stress in the production of this protein. Local over-expression of GDF-15 in mice caused wasting of the tibialis anterior muscle that expressed it but not in the contralateral muscle suggesting a direct effect of GDF-15 on muscle mass (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Together, the data suggest that GDF-15 contributes to the loss of muscle mass in COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehul S. Patel
- NIHR Respiratory Biomedical Research UnitRoyal Brompton & Harefield NHS Foundation Trust and Imperial CollegeLondonUK
| | - Jen Lee
- Section of Molecular MedicineNational Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College LondonLondonUK
| | - Manuel Baz
- NIHR Respiratory Biomedical Research UnitRoyal Brompton & Harefield NHS Foundation Trust and Imperial CollegeLondonUK
| | - Claire E. Wells
- Institute of Infection and ImmunitySt George's, University of LondonLondonUK
| | - Susannah Bloch
- NIHR Respiratory Biomedical Research UnitRoyal Brompton & Harefield NHS Foundation Trust and Imperial CollegeLondonUK
| | - Amy Lewis
- Section of Molecular MedicineNational Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College LondonLondonUK
| | - Anna V. Donaldson
- NIHR Respiratory Biomedical Research UnitRoyal Brompton & Harefield NHS Foundation Trust and Imperial CollegeLondonUK
| | - Benjamin E. Garfield
- NIHR Respiratory Biomedical Research UnitRoyal Brompton & Harefield NHS Foundation Trust and Imperial CollegeLondonUK
| | - Nicholas S. Hopkinson
- NIHR Respiratory Biomedical Research UnitRoyal Brompton & Harefield NHS Foundation Trust and Imperial CollegeLondonUK
| | - Amanda Natanek
- NIHR Respiratory Biomedical Research UnitRoyal Brompton & Harefield NHS Foundation Trust and Imperial CollegeLondonUK
| | - William D‐C Man
- NIHR Respiratory Biomedical Research UnitRoyal Brompton & Harefield NHS Foundation Trust and Imperial CollegeLondonUK
| | - Dominic J. Wells
- Comparative Biomedical Sciences Royal Veterinary CollegeLondonUK
| | - Emma H. Baker
- Institute of Infection and ImmunitySt George's, University of LondonLondonUK
| | - Michael I. Polkey
- NIHR Respiratory Biomedical Research UnitRoyal Brompton & Harefield NHS Foundation Trust and Imperial CollegeLondonUK
| | - Paul R. Kemp
- Section of Molecular MedicineNational Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College LondonLondonUK
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18
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Naimabadi A, Ghadiri A, Idani E, Babaei AA, Alavi N, Shirmardi M, Khodadadi A, Marzouni MB, Ankali KA, Rouhizadeh A, Goudarzi G. Chemical composition of PM10 and its in vitro toxicological impacts on lung cells during the Middle Eastern Dust (MED) storms in Ahvaz, Iran. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2016; 211:316-24. [PMID: 26774778 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2016.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2015] [Revised: 01/04/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Reports on the effects of PM10 from dust storm on lung cells are limited. The main purpose of this study was to investigate the chemical composition and in vitro toxicological impacts of PM10 suspensions, its water-soluble fraction, and the solvent-extractable organics extracted from Middle Eastern Dust storms on the human lung epithelial cell (A549). Samples of dust storms and normal days (PM10 < 200 μg m(-3)) were collected from December 2012 until June 2013 in Ahvaz, the capital of Khuzestan Province in Iran. The chemical composition and cytotoxicity were analyzed by ICP- OES and Lactase Dehydrogenase (LDH) reduction assay, respectively. The results showed that PM10 suspensions, their water-soluble fraction and solvent-extractable organics from both dust storm and normal days caused a decrease in the cell viability and an increase in LDH in supernatant in a dose-response manner. Although samples of normal days showed higher cytotoxicity than those of dust storm at the highest treated dosage, T Test showed no significant difference in cytotoxicity between normal days and dust event days (P value > 0.05). These results led to the conclusions that dust storm PM10 as well as normal day PM10 could lead to cytotoxicity, and the organic compounds (PAHs) and the insoluble particle-core might be the main contributors to cytotoxicity. Our results showed that cytotoxicity and the risk of PM10 to human lung may be more severe during dust storm than normal days due to inhalation of a higher mass concentration of airborne particles. Further research on PM dangerous fractions and the most responsible components to make cytotoxicity in exposed cells is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abolfazl Naimabadi
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Health Faculty, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran; Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
| | - Ata Ghadiri
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran; Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Esmaeil Idani
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonology, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Ali Akbar Babaei
- Environmental Technologies Research Center (ETRC), Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran; Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Health Faculty, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Nadali Alavi
- Environmental and Occupational Hazards Control Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Shirmardi
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Health Faculty, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran; Student Research Committee, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Ali Khodadadi
- Cancer, Petroleum and Environmental Pollutants Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran; Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | | | - Kambiz Ahmadi Ankali
- Environmental Technologies Research Center (ETRC), Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Ahmad Rouhizadeh
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Goudarzi
- Environmental Technologies Research Center (ETRC), Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran; Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Health Faculty, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
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19
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Hu WG, Lu QP. Impact of oxidative stress on the cytoskeleton of pancreatic epithelial cells. Exp Ther Med 2014; 8:1438-1442. [PMID: 25289036 PMCID: PMC4186494 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2014.1979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2014] [Accepted: 07/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In the present study the effect of reactive oxygen species on the morphological changes of pancreatic epithelial cells in a three-dimensional culture system was investigated. In addition, the expression of signaling molecules during this process was determined. Matrigel™ was used to construct a three-dimensional culture model of pancreatic epithelial and cancer cells. The cultured cells were stimulated with 1 or 200 μmol/l H2O2 (a typical reactive oxygen species), and the morphological changes were then evaluated after 15 min, 1 h and 4 h. The cytoskeleton of the cells was observed using laser scanning confocal microscopy with immunofluorescence staining. In addition, the nuclear content of nuclear factor κ-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) was detected using ELISA. The results demonstrated that treatment with 200 μmol/l H2O2 induced cell contraction after 15 min, and cell morphology recovered after 1 h; however, cell size was reduced after 4 h. Consequently, intracellular actin and microtubules were rapidly lost following H2O2 treatment, and the cytoskeleton became indistinct and eventually disintegrated after 4 h. Similar observations were noted for the normal pancreatic epithelial and cancer cells. By contrast, treatment with 1 μmol/l H2O2 did not affect the morphology and cytoskeleton of pancreatic epithelial cells. In addition, 200 μmol/l H2O2 treatment increased the activity of NF-κB gradually, while 1 μmol/l H2O2 treatment was found to have little impact on the activity of NF-κB. Therefore, it was demonstrated that oxidative stress can induce the early onset of reversible cell contraction and cytoskeleton depolarization in pancreatic epithelial cells, and can increase NF-κB expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Guo Hu
- Department of General Surgery, Wuhan General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, P.R. China
| | - Qi-Ping Lu
- Department of General Surgery, Wuhan General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, P.R. China
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20
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Hsu JY, Chu JJ, Chou MC, Chen YW. Dioscorin pre-treatment protects A549 human airway epithelial cells from hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress. Inflammation 2014; 36:1013-9. [PMID: 23575601 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-013-9633-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) is a highly reactive oxygen species involved in lung and bronchial epithelium injury. Increased H(2)O(2) levels have been reported in expired breath condensates of patients with inflammatory airway diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Protecting airway epithelial cells from oxidative stress is an important task in the prevention and management of airway diseases. Previous studies demonstrate that yam (Dioscorea batatas Decne) has antioxidant and anti-trypsin activities. This study evaluated the validity of dioscorin in vitro. The results showed that dioscorin attenuated the alteration of H(2)O(2) on G2/M cell cycle arrest. This might be associated with the activation of IκB and subsequent inactivation of NF-κB. Furthermore, dioscorin suppressed IL-8 secretion and reduced changes of adhesion molecule expressions in H(2)O(2)-injured A549 cells. These results help in understanding the potential of traditional Chinese herbal medicine as treatment for airway inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeng-Yuan Hsu
- Division of Chest Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
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21
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Jia SH, Parodo J, Charbonney E, Tsang JLY, Jia SY, Rotstein OD, Kapus A, Marshall JC. Activated neutrophils induce epithelial cell apoptosis through oxidant-dependent tyrosine dephosphorylation of caspase-8. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2014; 184:1030-1040. [PMID: 24589337 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2013.12.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2013] [Revised: 11/19/2013] [Accepted: 12/16/2013] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Activated neutrophils can injure host cells through direct effects of oxidants on membrane phospholipids, but an ability to induce apoptotic cell death has not previously been reported. We show that neutrophils activated in vivo in patients who have sustained multiple trauma or in vitro by exposure to bacterial lipopolysaccharide promote epithelial cell apoptosis through SHP-1-mediated dephosphorylation of epithelial cell caspase-8. Epithelial cell apoptosis induced by circulating neutrophils from patients who had sustained serious injury depended on the generation of neutrophil-derived reactive oxygen intermediates and was blocked by inhibition of NADPH oxidase or restoration of intracellular glutathione. Caspase-8 was constitutively tyrosine phosphorylated in a panel of resting epithelial cells, but underwent SHP-1-dependent dephosphorylation in response to hydrogen peroxide, activated neutrophils, or inhibition of Src kinases. Cells transfected with a mutant caspase-8 in which tyrosine residues at Tyr397 or Tyr465 are replaced by nonphosphorylatable phenylalanine underwent accelerated apoptosis, whereas either mutation of these residues to phosphomimetic glutamic acid or transfection with the Src kinases Lyn or c-Src inhibited hydrogen peroxide-induced apoptosis. Exposure to either hydrogen peroxide or lipopolysaccharide-stimulated neutrophils increased phosphorylation and activity of the phosphatase SHP-1, increased activity of caspases 8 and 3, and accelerated epithelial cell apoptosis. These observations reveal a novel mechanism for neutrophil-mediated tissue injury through oxidant-dependent, SHP-1-mediated dephosphorylation of caspase-8 resulting in enhanced epithelial cell apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Hui Jia
- Keenan Research Centre of the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, Tortonto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jean Parodo
- Keenan Research Centre of the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, Tortonto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Emmanuel Charbonney
- Keenan Research Centre of the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, Tortonto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Critical Care Medicine, St. Michael's Hospital, Tortonto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jennifer L Y Tsang
- Keenan Research Centre of the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, Tortonto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Critical Care Medicine, St. Michael's Hospital, Tortonto, Ontario, Canada; Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sang Yang Jia
- Keenan Research Centre of the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, Tortonto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ori D Rotstein
- Keenan Research Centre of the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, Tortonto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital, Tortonto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Andras Kapus
- Keenan Research Centre of the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, Tortonto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital, Tortonto, Ontario, Canada
| | - John C Marshall
- Keenan Research Centre of the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, Tortonto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Critical Care Medicine, St. Michael's Hospital, Tortonto, Ontario, Canada; Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital, Tortonto, Ontario, Canada.
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Abstract
Although considered as essential cofactors for a variety of enzymatic reactions and for important structural and functional roles in cell metabolism, metals at high concentrations are potent toxic pollutants and pose complex biochemical problems for cells. We report results of single dose acute toxicity testing in the model organism S. cerevisiae. The effects of moderate toxic concentrations of 10 different human health relevant metals, Ag+, Al3+, As3+, Cd2+, Co2+, Hg2+, Mn2+, Ni2+, V3+, and Zn2+, following short-term exposure were analyzed by transcription profiling to provide the identification of early-on target genes or pathways. In contrast to common acute toxicity tests where defined endpoints are monitored we focused on the entire genomic response. We provide evidence that the induction of central elements of the oxidative stress response by the majority of investigated metals is the basic detoxification process against short-term metal exposure. General detoxification mechanisms also comprised the induction of genes coding for chaperones and those for chelation of metal ions via siderophores and amino acids. Hierarchical clustering, transcription factor analyses, and gene ontology data further revealed activation of genes involved in metal-specific protein catabolism along with repression of growth-related processes such as protein synthesis. Metal ion group specific differences in the expression responses with shared transcriptional regulators for both, up-regulation and repression were also observed. Additionally, some processes unique for individual metals were evident as well. In view of current concerns regarding environmental pollution our results may support ongoing attempts to develop methods to monitor potentially hazardous areas or liquids and to establish standardized tests using suitable eukaryotic a model organism.
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Michael S, Montag M, Dott W. Pro-inflammatory effects and oxidative stress in lung macrophages and epithelial cells induced by ambient particulate matter. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2013; 183:19-29. [PMID: 23462618 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2013.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2012] [Revised: 01/16/2013] [Accepted: 01/18/2013] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to compare the toxicological effects of different source-related ambient PM10 samples in regard to their chemical composition. In this context we investigated airborne PM from different sites in Aachen, Germany. For the toxicological investigation human alveolar epithelial cells (A549) and murine macrophages (RAW264.7) were exposed from 0 to 96 h to increasing PM concentrations (0-100 μg/ml) followed by analyses of cell viability, pro-inflammatory and oxidative stress responses. The chemical analysis of these particles indicated the presence of 21 elements, water-soluble ions and PAHs. The toxicological investigations of the PM10 samples demonstrated a concentration- and time-dependent decrease in cell viability and an increase in pro-inflammatory and oxidative stress markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Michael
- Institute of Hygiene and Environmental Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany; Human Technology Centre, RWTH Aachen University, Theaterplatz 14, 52056 Aachen, Germany.
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24
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Sfikas A, Batsi C, Tselikou E, Vartholomatos G, Monokrousos N, Pappas P, Christoforidis S, Tzavaras T, Kanavaros P, Gorgoulis VG, Marcu KB, Kolettas E. The canonical NF-κB pathway differentially protects normal and human tumor cells from ROS-induced DNA damage. Cell Signal 2012; 24:2007-23. [PMID: 22750558 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2012.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2012] [Revised: 06/06/2012] [Accepted: 06/16/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
DNA damage responses (DDR) invoke senescence or apoptosis depending on stimulus intensity and the degree of activation of the p53-p21(Cip1/Waf1) axis; but the functional impact of NF-κB signaling on these different outcomes in normal vs. human cancer cells remains poorly understood. We investigated the NF-κB-dependent effects and mechanism underlying reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated DDR outcomes of normal human lung fibroblasts (HDFs) and A549 human lung cancer epithelial cells. To activate DDR, ROS accumulation was induced by different doses of H(2)O(2). The effect of ROS induction caused a G2 or G2-M phase cell cycle arrest of both human cell types. However, ROS-mediated DDR eventually culminated in different end points with HDFs undergoing premature senescence and A549 cancer cells succumbing to apoptosis. NF-κB p65/RelA nuclear translocation and Ser536 phosphorylation were induced in response to H(2)O(2)-mediated ROS accumulation. Importantly, blocking the activities of canonical NF-κB subunits with an IκBα super-repressor or suppressing canonical NF-κB signaling by IKKβ knock-down accelerated HDF premature senescence by up-regulating the p53-p21(Cip1/Waf1) axis; but inhibiting the canonical NF-κB pathway exacerbated H(2)O(2)-induced A549 cell apoptosis. HDF premature aging occurred in conjunction with γ-H2AX chromatin deposition, senescence-associated heterochromatic foci and beta-galactosidase staining. p53 knock-down abrogated H(2)O(2)-induced premature senescence of vector control- and IκBαSR-expressing HDFs functionally linking canonical NF-κB-dependent control of p53 levels to ROS-induced HDF senescence. We conclude that IKKβ-driven canonical NF-κB signaling has different functional roles for the outcome of ROS responses in the contexts of normal vs. human tumor cells by respectively protecting them against DDR-dependent premature senescence and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandros Sfikas
- Cell and Molecular Physiology Unit, Laboratory of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
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Ching Chen S, Hseu YC, Sung JC, Chen CH, Chen LC, Chung KT. Induction of DNA damage signaling genes in benzidine-treated HepG2 cells. ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS 2011; 52:664-72. [PMID: 21818781 DOI: 10.1002/em.20669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2011] [Revised: 06/20/2011] [Accepted: 06/21/2011] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
We examined genotoxicity and DNA damage response in HepG2 cells following exposure to benzidine. Using the Comet assay, we showed that benzidine (50-200 μM) induces DNA damage in HepG2 cells. DNA damage signaling pathway-based PCR arrays were used to investigate expression changes in genes involved in cell-cycle arrest, apoptosis, and DNA repair and showed upregulation of 23 genes and downregulation of one gene in benzidine-treated cells. Induction of G2/M arrest and apoptosis was confirmed at the protein level. Real-time PCR and Western blots were used to demonstrate the expression of select DNA repair-associated genes from the PCR array. Upregulation of the p53 protein in benzidine-treated cells suggests the induction of the p53 DNA damage signaling pathway. Collectively, DNA damage response genes induced by benzidine indicate recruitment complex molecular machinery involved in DNA repair, cell-cycle arrest, and potentially, activation of the apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ssu Ching Chen
- Department of Life Science, National Central University, Chung-Li City, Taoyan Country, Taiwan, Republic of China.
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Morissette MC, Parent J, Milot J. The emphysematous lung is abnormally sensitive to TRAIL-mediated apoptosis. Respir Res 2011; 12:105. [PMID: 21824395 PMCID: PMC3161865 DOI: 10.1186/1465-9921-12-105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2011] [Accepted: 08/08/2011] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alveolar apoptosis is increased in the emphysematous lung. However, mechanisms involved are not fully understood. Recently, we demonstrated that levels of TRAIL receptor 1 and 2, levels of p53, and Bax/Bcl-xL ratio were elevated in the lung of subjects with emphysema, despite smoking cessation. Thus, we postulate that due to chronic pulmonary oxidative stress, the emphysematous lung would be abnormally sensitive to TRAIL-mediated apoptosis. METHODOLOGY A549 cells were exposed to rTRAIL, cigarette smoke extract, and/or H2O2 prior to caspase-3 activity measurement and annexin V staining assessment. In addition, freshly resected lung samples were obtained from non-emphysematous and emphysematous subjects and exposed ex vivo to rTRAIL for up to 18 hours. Lung samples were harvested and levels of active caspase-3 and caspase-8 were measured from tissue lysates. RESULTS Both cigarette smoke extract and H2O2 were able to sensitize A549 cells to TRAIL-mediated apoptosis. Moreover, following exposure to rTRAIL, caspase-3 and -8 were activated in lung explants from emphysematous subjects while being decreased in lung explants from non-emphysematous subjects. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY Alveolar sensitivity to TRAIL-mediated apoptosis is strongly increased in the emphysematous lung due to the presence of oxidative stress. This might be a new mechanism leading to increased alveolar apoptosis and persistent alveolar destruction following smoking cessation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu C Morissette
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, Québec, Canada
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Protective Effects of Liposomal N-Acetylcysteine against Paraquat-Induced Cytotoxicity and Gene Expression. J Toxicol 2011; 2011:808967. [PMID: 21584258 PMCID: PMC3090768 DOI: 10.1155/2011/808967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2010] [Revised: 01/20/2011] [Accepted: 01/31/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Paraquat (PQ) is a herbicide that preferentially accumulates in the lung and exerts its cytotoxicity via the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). There is no specific treatment for paraquat poisoning. Attempts have been made to increase the antioxidant status in the lung using antioxidants (e.g., superoxide dismutase, vitamin E, N-acetylcysteine) but the outcome from such treatments is limited. Encapsulation of antioxidants in liposomes improves their therapeutic potential against oxidant-induced lung damage because liposomes facilitate intracellular delivery and prolong the retention of entrapped agents inside the cell. In the present study, we compared the effectiveness of conventional N-acetylcysteine (NAC) and liposomal-NAC (L-NAC) against PQ-induced cytotoxicity and examined the mechanism(s) by which these antioxidant formulations conferred cytoprotection. The effects of NAC or L-NAC against PQ-induced cytotoxicity in A549 cells were assessed by measuring cellular PQ uptake, intracellular glutathione content, ROS levels, mitochondrial membrane potential, cellular gene expression, inflammatory cytokine release and cell viability. Pretreatment of cells with L-NAC was significantly more effective than pretreatment with the conventional drug in reducing PQ-induced cytotoxicity, as indicated by the biomarkers used in this study. Our results suggested that the delivery of NAC as a liposomal formulation improves its effectiveness in counteracting PQ-induced cytotoxicity.
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Mitsopoulos P, Suntres ZE. Cytotoxicity and gene array analysis of alveolar epithelial A549 cells exposed to paraquat. Chem Biol Interact 2010; 188:427-36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2010.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2010] [Revised: 09/16/2010] [Accepted: 09/22/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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29
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Wixted WE, Kitson C, Colebrook JC, Roberts EJ, Fox SM, Kou JP, Li JU, López-Boado YS. A model to identify novel targets involved in oxidative stress-induced apoptosis in human lung epithelial cells by RNA interference. Toxicol In Vitro 2010; 24:310-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2009.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2009] [Revised: 08/18/2009] [Accepted: 08/19/2009] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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30
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Chirino YI, Sánchez-Pérez Y, Osornio-Vargas AR, Morales-Bárcenas R, Gutiérrez-Ruíz MC, Segura-García Y, Rosas I, Pedraza-Chaverri J, García-Cuellar CM. PM(10) impairs the antioxidant defense system and exacerbates oxidative stress driven cell death. Toxicol Lett 2010; 193:209-16. [PMID: 20096756 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2010.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2009] [Revised: 01/11/2010] [Accepted: 01/13/2010] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of airborne particulate matter with a mean aerodynamic diameter of < or =10microm (PM(10)) on oxidative stress markers and antioxidant enzymatic activity and its relevance in the face of acute oxidative challenge in a human lung epithelial cell line (A549). PM(10)-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and oxidative damage with no changes in cellular viability. In addition, PM(10) decreased glutathione (GSH) levels (54.9%) and the activity of the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (65%), catalase (31.2%), glutathione reductase (61.5%) and glutathione-S-transferase (42.39%). Trolox, a scavenger of reactive species, prevented the increase of ROS generation and the decrease in GSH levels but partially prevented PM(10)-induced oxidative damage. Interestingly, it was unable to avoid the decrease in the activity of antioxidant enzymes. Finally, the survival of the cells previously exposed to PM(10) and challenged with hydrogen peroxide was significantly lower. We conclude that the impairment in the antioxidant defense system induced by PM(10) weaken ROS detoxification which exacerbates cell death when these cells are exposed to an acute oxidative challenge.
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Briedé JJ, van Delft JMH, de Kok TMCM, van Herwijnen MHM, Maas LM, Gottschalk RWH, Kleinjans JCS. Global gene expression analysis reveals differences in cellular responses to hydroxyl- and superoxide anion radical-induced oxidative stress in caco-2 cells. Toxicol Sci 2009; 114:193-203. [PMID: 20044591 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfp309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species-induced oxidative stress in the colon is involved in inflammatory bowel diseases and suggested to be associated with colorectal cancer risk. However, our insight in molecular responses to different oxygen radicals is still fragmentary. Therefore, we studied global gene expression by an extensive time series (0.08, 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, or 24 h) analyses in human colon cancer (caco-2) cells after exposure to H(2)O(2) or the superoxide anion donor menadione. Differences in gene expression were investigated by hybridization on two-color microarrays against nonexposed time-matched control cells. Next to gene expression, correlations with related phenotypic markers (8-oxodG levels and cell cycle arrest) were investigated. Gene expression analysis resulted in 1404 differentially expressed genes upon H(2)O(2) challenge and 979 genes after menadione treatment. Further analysis of gene expression data revealed how these oxidant responses can be discriminated. Time-dependent coregulated genes immediately showed a pulse-like response to H(2)O(2), while the menadione-induced expression is not restored over 24 h. Pathway analyses demonstrated that H(2)O(2) immediately influences pathways involved in the immune function, while menadione constantly regulated cell cycle-related pathways Altogether, this study offers a novel and detailed insight in the similarities and differences of the time-dependent oxidative stress responses induced by the oxidants H(2)O(2) and menadione and show that these can be discriminated regarding their modulation of particular colon carcinogenesis-related mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob J Briedé
- Netherlands Toxicogenomics Centre, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands.
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Lee YM, Jeong GS, Lim HD, An RB, Kim YC, Kim EC. Isoliquiritigenin 2'-methyl ether induces growth inhibition and apoptosis in oral cancer cells via heme oxygenase-1. Toxicol In Vitro 2009; 24:776-82. [PMID: 20040371 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2009.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2009] [Revised: 11/30/2009] [Accepted: 12/21/2009] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
We previously reported that a chloroform extract of Caesalpinia sappan L. induces apoptosis in oral cancer cells but not in normal epithelial cell lines. In the present study, we explored the effects of a single compound isolated from C. sappan heartwood, isoliquiritigenin 2'-methyl ether (ILME), on cultured primary and metastatic oral cancer cell lines using MTT assays, fluorescence microscopy, flow cytometry, and Western blotting. ILME inhibited the growth of the oral cancer cells in a time- and dose-dependent manner. The major mechanism of growth inhibition was apoptosis induction, as shown by flow cytometric analysis of sub-G(1)-phase arrest and by annexin V-FITC and propidium iodide staining. ILME time-dependently activated NF-kappaB transcription factors, phospholated the MAP kinases JNK (c-Jun N-terminal kinase) and ERK (extracellular signal-regulated kinase). Furthermore, ILME treatment upregulated HO-1 expression though activation of Nrf2 (NF-E2-related factor 2) pathway, and induced the expression of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1). Tin protoporphyrin, an HO-1 inhibitor, dose-dependently attenuated the growth-inhibitory effect of ILME and blocked ILME-induced expression of the p21 and p53 cell cycle-regulatory proteins. These results provide the first evidence that the anti-oral cancer effects of ILME may involve a mechanism in which HO-1 is upregulated via a pathway involving MAP kinases, NF-kappaB, and Nrf2. Thus, ILME could be considered to be a potential chemotherapeutic target for anti-oral cancer treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Man Lee
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Wonkwang University, Iksan, South Korea
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Gualtieri M, Øvrevik J, Holme JA, Perrone MG, Bolzacchini E, Schwarze PE, Camatini M. Differences in cytotoxicity versus pro-inflammatory potency of different PM fractions in human epithelial lung cells. Toxicol In Vitro 2009; 24:29-39. [PMID: 19772914 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2009.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2009] [Revised: 09/11/2009] [Accepted: 09/16/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Air pollution in Milan causes health concern due to the high concentrations of particulate matter (PM10 and PM2.5). The aim of this study was to investigate possible seasonal differences in PM10 and PM2.5 chemical composition and their biological effects on pro-inflammatory cytokine release and cytotoxicity. The PM was sampled during winter and summer seasons. The winter PMs had higher levels of PAHs than the summer samples which contained a greater amount of mineral dust elements. The PM toxicity was tested in the human pulmonary epithelial cell lines BEAS-2B and A549. The winter PMs were more cytotoxic than summer samples, whereas the summer PM10 exhibited a higher pro-inflammatory potential, as measured by ELISA. This inflammatory potential seemed partly due to biological components such as bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS), as evaluated by the use of Polymixin B. Interestingly, in the BEAS-2B cells the winter PM2.5 reduced proliferation due to a mitotic delay/arrest, while no such effects were observed in the A549 cells. These results underline that the in vitro responsiveness to PM may be cell line dependent and suggest that the PM different properties may trigger different endpoints such as inflammation, perturbation of cell cycle and cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurizio Gualtieri
- Polaris Research Centre, Dipartimento Scienze Ambiente e Territorio, Università degli Studi di Milano Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza, Milano, Italy.
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Ding Q, Mracek T, Gonzalez-Muniesa P, Kos K, Wilding J, Trayhurn P, Bing C. Identification of macrophage inhibitory cytokine-1 in adipose tissue and its secretion as an adipokine by human adipocytes. Endocrinology 2009; 150:1688-96. [PMID: 19074584 DOI: 10.1210/en.2008-0952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Macrophage inhibitory cytokine-1 (MIC-1), a divergent member of the TGF-beta superfamily, is involved in the control of multiple cellular processes and mediates cachexia through the inhibition of appetite. Adipose tissue as an endocrine organ secretes proteins (adipokines) that regulate energy homeostasis and other cellular functions. This study investigated whether MIC-1 is expressed in adipose tissue and whether MIC-1 is a secretory product of adipocytes. Mouse and human adipose tissues were collected from different depots. 3T3-L1 preadipocytes and human preadipocytes were induced to differentiate into adipocytes in cell culture. MIC-1 mRNA was detected in the major mouse adipose depots (epididymal, perirenal, sc). In these depots, MIC-1 gene expression was evident in both isolated mature adipocytes and stromal-vascular cells. In 3T3-L1 adipocytes, MIC-1 mRNA was detected before and after differentiation. MIC-1 mRNA and protein secretion were evident in human preadipocytes as well as differentiated adipocytes. MIC-1 production by human adipocytes was stimulated by H(2)O(2) and 15d-prostaglandin J(2). In addition, recombinant MIC-1 increased adiponectin secretion by differentiated human adipocytes. MIC-1 mRNA and protein were also observed in human sc and visceral fat. MIC-1 mRNA levels were positively correlated with adiponectin mRNA. Moreover, MIC-1 mRNA was negatively associated with body mass index and body fat mass in human subjects. We conclude that MIC-1 is expressed in adipose tissue and secreted from adipocytes and is therefore a new adipokine. MIC-1 may have a paracrine role in the modulation of adipose tissue function and body fat mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Ding
- Obesity Biology Research Unit, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
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Appierto V, Tiberio P, Villani MG, Cavadini E, Formelli F. PLAB induction in fenretinide-induced apoptosis of ovarian cancer cells occurs via a ROS-dependent mechanism involving ER stress and JNK activation. Carcinogenesis 2009; 30:824-31. [PMID: 19325135 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgp067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Fenretinide [N-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-retinamide (4HPR)] is a synthetic retinoid with antitumor activity that induces apoptosis in various types of cancer cell. We showed previously that 4HPR upregulates the proapoptotic gene placental bone morphogenetic protein (PLAB), which is a mediator of 4HPR-induced apoptosis in ovarian cancer cells. Here, we investigated the signaling cascade involving PLAB that mediates the apoptotic effect. In 4HPR-sensitive ovarian cancer cells, 4HPR-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) are involved in PLAB upregulation and apoptosis, both events abrogated by the antioxidants vitamin C and butylated hydroxyanisole. We analyzed the expression and activation of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-associated molecules and show that 4HPR-induced ER stress is a consequence of ROS generation. Salubrinal, an ER stress inhibitor, abrogated 4HPR-induced PLAB upregulation and protected the cells from apoptosis. Downstream of ROS generation and ER stress, 4HPR activated c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), which was inhibited by vitamin C and salubrinal. The JNK inhibitor SP600125 reduced 4HPR-induced PLAB upregulation, by decreasing PLAB mRNA half-life, and protected the cells from apoptosis. These data indicate that 4HPR-induced PLAB upregulation occurs downstream of a signaling cascade involving ROS generation, ER stress induction and JNK activation and that these steps are mediators of 4HPR-induced apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Appierto
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Via Venezian 1, 20133 Milan, Italy
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Hevel JM, Olson-Buelow LC, Ganesan B, Stevens JR, Hardman JP, Aust AE. Novel functional view of the crocidolite asbestos-treated A549 human lung epithelial transcriptome reveals an intricate network of pathways with opposing functions. BMC Genomics 2008; 9:376. [PMID: 18687144 PMCID: PMC2533023 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-9-376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2007] [Accepted: 08/07/2008] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Although exposure to asbestos is now regulated, patients continue to be diagnosed with mesothelioma, asbestosis, fibrosis and lung carcinoma because of the long latent period between exposure and clinical disease. Asbestosis is observed in approximately 200,000 patients annually and asbestos-related deaths are estimated at 4,000 annually[1]. Although advances have been made using single gene/gene product or pathway studies, the complexity of the response to asbestos and the many unanswered questions suggested the need for a systems biology approach. The objective of this study was to generate a comprehensive view of the transcriptional changes induced by crocidolite asbestos in A549 human lung epithelial cells. Results A statistically robust, comprehensive data set documenting the crocidolite-induced changes in the A549 transcriptome was collected. A systems biology approach involving global observations from gene ontological analyses coupled with functional network analyses was used to explore the effects of crocidolite in the context of known molecular interactions. The analyses uniquely document a transcriptome with function-based networks in cell death, cancer, cell cycle, cellular growth, proliferation, and gene expression. These functional modules show signs of a complex interplay between signaling pathways consisting of both novel and previously described asbestos-related genes/gene products. These networks allowed for the identification of novel, putative crocidolite-related genes, leading to several new hypotheses regarding genes that are important for the asbestos response. The global analysis revealed a transcriptome that bears signatures of both apoptosis/cell death and cell survival/proliferation. Conclusion Our analyses demonstrate the power of combining a statistically robust, comprehensive dataset and a functional network genomics approach to 1) identify and explore relationships between genes of known importance 2) identify novel candidate genes, and 3) observe the complex interplay between genes/gene products that function in seemingly different processes. This study represents the first function-based global approach toward understanding the response of human lung epithelial cells to the carcinogen crocidolite. Importantly, our investigation paints a much broader landscape for the crocidolite response than was previously appreciated and reveals novel paths to study. Our graphical representations of the function-based global network will be a valuable resource to model new research findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan M Hevel
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State University, Logan, USA.
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Min SK, Lee SK, Park JS, Lee J, Paeng JY, Lee SI, Lee HJ, Kim Y, Pae HO, Lee SK, Kim EC. Endoplasmic reticulum stress is involved in hydrogen peroxide induced apoptosis in immortalized and malignant human oral keratinocytes. J Oral Pathol Med 2008; 37:490-8. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0714.2008.00679.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Han ES, Muller FL, Pérez VI, Qi W, Liang H, Xi L, Fu C, Doyle E, Hickey M, Cornell J, Epstein CJ, Roberts LJ, Van Remmen H, Richardson A. The in vivo gene expression signature of oxidative stress. Physiol Genomics 2008; 34:112-26. [PMID: 18445702 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00239.2007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
How higher organisms respond to elevated oxidative stress in vivo is poorly understood. Therefore, we measured oxidative stress parameters and gene expression alterations (Affymetrix arrays) in the liver caused by elevated reactive oxygen species induced in vivo by diquat or by genetic ablation of the major antioxidant enzymes CuZn-superoxide dismutase (Sod1) and glutathione peroxidase-1 (Gpx1). Diquat (50 mg/kg) treatment resulted in a significant increase in oxidative damage within 3-6 h in wild-type mice without any lethality. In contrast, treatment of Sod1(-/-) or Gpx1(-/-) mice with a similar concentration of diquat resulted in a significant increase in oxidative damage within an hour of treatment and was lethal, i.e., these mice are extremely sensitive to the oxidative stress generated by diquat. The expression response to elevated oxidative stress in vivo does not involve an upregulation of classic antioxidant genes, although long-term oxidative stress in Sod1(-/-) mice leads to a significant upregulation of thiol antioxidants (e.g., Mt1, Srxn1, Gclc, Txnrd1), which appears to be mediated by the redox-sensitive transcription factor Nrf2. The main finding of our study is that the common response to elevated oxidative stress with diquat treatment in wild-type, Gpx1(-/-), and Sod1(-/-) mice and in untreated Sod1(-/-) mice is an upregulation of p53 target genes (p21, Gdf15, Plk3, Atf3, Trp53inp1, Ddit4, Gadd45a, Btg2, Ndrg1). A retrospective comparison with previous studies shows that induction of these p53 target genes is a conserved expression response to oxidative stress, in vivo and in vitro, in different species and different cells/organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Soo Han
- Department of Biological Science, University of Tulsa, Tulsa, Oklahoma, USA
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Experimental and systems biology studies of the molecular basis for the radioresistance of prostate carcinoma cells. Ann Biomed Eng 2008; 36:831-8. [PMID: 18264764 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-008-9457-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2007] [Accepted: 01/31/2008] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Molecular mechanisms for the gamma-ionizing radiation (IR) resistance of human prostate cancer cells, PC-3, are not quite clear. Since the low-LET-IR effects are primarily manifested by the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), the IR-induced expressions both of ROS-metabolizing antioxidant enzymes, such as Mn- and CuZn superoxide dismutases (SODs) and catalase (Cat), and of the transcriptional nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) were explored. A substantial increase in the concentrations of SODs was observed in the cells irradiated by 10 and 20 Gy relative to those irradiated by 0 and 2 Gy, while the Cat and NF-kappaB expressions were found to be fairly stable. A system biology model was developed to shed more light on how MnSOD affects the biological state of cells depending upon the production of H(2)O(2). By raising the initial presence of MnSOD in the 0.7-10 microM concentration range, the time-dependent concentrations of H(2)O(2) for various initial levels of MnSOD were contrasted. The radioresistance of PC-3 cells is suggested to be associated with the positive, feed-forward vicious circle established between the H(2)O(2)-mediated elevation of MnSOD expression.
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Leautaud V, Demple B. Regulation of heme oxygenase-1 mRNA deadenylation and turnover in NIH3T3 cells by nitrosative or alkylation stress. BMC Mol Biol 2007; 8:116. [PMID: 18096048 PMCID: PMC2246143 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2199-8-116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2007] [Accepted: 12/20/2007] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) catalizes heme degradation, and is considered one of the most sensitive indicators of cellular stress. Previous work in human fibroblasts has shown that HO-1 expression is induced by NO, and that transcriptional induction is only partially responsible; instead, the HO-1 mRNA half-life is substantially increased in response to NO. The mechanism of this stabilization remains unknown. Results In NIH3T3 murine fibroblasts, NO exposure increased the half-life of the HO-1 transcript from ~1.6 h to 11 h, while treatments with CdCl2, NaAsO2 or H2O2 increased the half-life only up to 5 h. Although poly(A) tail shortening can be rate-limiting in mRNA degradation, the HO-1 mRNA deadenylation rate in NO-treated cells was ~65% of that in untreated controls. In untreated cells, HO-1 poly(A) removal proceeded until 30–50 nt remained, followed by rapid mRNA decay. In NO-treated cells, HO-1 deadenylation stopped with the mRNA retaining poly(A) tails 30–50 nt long. We hypothesize that NO treatment stops poly(A) tail shortening at the critical 30- to 50-nt length. This is not a general mechanism for the post-transcriptional regulation of HO-1 mRNA. Methyl methane sulfonate also stabilized HO-1 mRNA, but that was associated with an 8-fold decrease in the deadenylation rate compared to that of untreated cells. Another HO-1 inducer, CdCl2, caused a strong increase in the mRNA level without affecting the HO-1 mRNA half-life. Conclusion The regulation of HO-1 mRNA levels in response to cellular stress can be induced by transcriptional and different post-transcriptional events that act independently, and vary depending on the stress inducer. While NO appears to stabilize HO-1 mRNA by preventing the final steps of deadenylation, methyl methane sulfonate achieves stabilization through the regulation of earlier stages of deadenylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Leautaud
- Department of Genetics and Complex Diseases, Harvard School of Public Health, 665 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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The combination of gamma ionizing radiation and 8-Cl-cAMP induces synergistic cell growth inhibition and induction of apoptosis in human prostate cancer cells. Invest New Drugs 2007; 26:309-17. [PMID: 18060599 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-007-9101-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2007] [Accepted: 11/09/2007] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The antiproliferative and cytotoxic potential of the nucleotide analog 8-Cl-cAMP was tested in PC-3 and DU145 metastatic human prostate cancer cells. The drug was examined as the only therapeutic agent and in combination with ionizing irradiation (IR). Highly synergistic effects of IR and 8-Cl-cAMP were observed in both cell lines when examined by the MTT viability and BrdU proliferation assays. The combination of IR and 8-Cl-cAMP at clinically relevant doses exerted substantial growth inhibition. The combination of IR and 8-Cl-cAMP caused a significant disturbance in the distribution of cell cycle phases. Cell cycle arrest in the sub-G0/G1 phase predominated in both cell lines. The most striking observation was a significant increase in apoptotic PC-3 and DU145 cells. The DU145 cells were three times more sensitive to the combined treatment than PC-3 cells. The initial resistance to IR-induced apoptosis in these p53-deficient prostate cancer cell lines was overcome through an alternative proapoptotic pathway induced by 8-Cl-cAMP. Considering the low effective doses of treatments, improved tumor eradication rates and minimal undesirable side effects, the combination of IR and 8-Cl-cAMP could be the therapy of choice in treating prostate cancer.
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Lombaert N, Lison D, Van Hummelen P, Kirsch-Volders M. In vitro expression of hard metal dust (WC-Co)--responsive genes in human peripheral blood mononucleated cells. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2007; 227:299-312. [PMID: 18078969 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2007.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2007] [Revised: 10/26/2007] [Accepted: 11/05/2007] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Hard metals consist of tungsten carbide (WC) and metallic cobalt (Co) particles and are important industrial materials produced for their extreme hardness and high wear resistance properties. While occupational exposure to metallic Co alone is apparently not associated with an increased risk of cancer, the WC-Co particle mixture was shown to be carcinogenic in exposed workers. The in vitro mutagenic/apoptogenic potential of WC-Co in human peripheral blood mononucleated cells was previously demonstrated by us. This study aimed at obtaining a broader view of the pathways responsible for WC-Co induced carcinogenicity, and in particular genotoxicity and apoptosis. We analyzed the profile of gene expression induced in vitro by WC-Co versus control (24 h treatment) in human PBMC and monocytes using microarrays. The most significantly up-regulated pathways for WC-Co treated PBMC were apoptosis and stress/defense response; the most down-regulated was immune response. For WC-Co treated monocytes the most significantly up- and down-regulated pathways were nucleosome/chromatin assembly and immune response respectively. Quantitative RT-PCR data for a selection of the most strongly modulated genes (HMOX1, HSPA1A, HSPA1L, BNIP3, BNIP3L, ADORA2B, MT3, PLA2G7, TNFAIP6), and some additionally chosen apoptosis related genes (BCL2, BAX, FAS, FASL, TNFalpha), confirmed the microarray data after WC-Co exposure and demonstrated limited differences between the Co-containing compounds. Overall, this study provides the first analysis of gene expression induced by the WC-Co mixture showing a large profile of gene modulation and giving a preliminary indication for a hypoxia mimicking environment induced by WC-Co exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noömi Lombaert
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laboratorium voor Cellulaire Genetica, Pleinlaan 2, B-1050 Brussel, Belgium.
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Weber H, Hühns S, Jonas L, Sparmann G, Bastian M, Schuff-Werner P. Hydrogen peroxide-induced activation of defense mechanisms against oxidative stress in rat pancreatic acinar AR42J cells. Free Radic Biol Med 2007; 42:830-41. [PMID: 17320765 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2006.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2006] [Revised: 12/08/2006] [Accepted: 12/15/2006] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress has been implicated in the pathogenesis of acute pancreatitis. Generally, cells respond to oxidative stress with adaptive changes in gene expression aimed at preventing cellular damage and increasing their survival. However, the overall extent of these genetic changes remains poorly defined. This issue was, therefore, examined in the current study. Following exposure of rat pancreatic AR42J cells to 0.08 mM hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)), a concentration failing to induce necrotic cell death, the expression of 96 stress-related genes was monitored by cDNA microarray analysis. H(2)O(2) provoked a time-dependent reorientation of 54 genes. In particular, at 6 and 24 h, 27 and 11 genes were induced, whereas 10 and 6 genes were suppressed, respectively, showing that the degree of change was stronger at the early time point, and that the number of up-regulated genes was obviously larger than the number of down-regulated genes. Reverse transcription-PCR for selected genes confirmed the gene expression pattern. Many of the differentially up-regulated genes can be related to the antioxidant enzymatic defense system, to cell cycle arrest, to repair and/or replacement of damaged DNA, to repair of damaged protein, and to activation of the NF-kappaB pathway. The results suggest that AR42J cells respond to sublethal oxidative stress with transient transcriptional activation of multiple defense mechanisms that may be an indication for a complex adaptation process. An understanding of the cellular stress responses may lead to new insights into the pathogenesis of oxidative stress-related diseases including acute pancreatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heike Weber
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rostock, Ernst-Heydemann-Strasse 6, 18057 Rostock, Germany.
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44
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Whitehead TD, Moros EG, Brownstein BH, Roti Roti JL. The number of genes changing expression after chronic exposure to Code Division Multiple Access or Frequency DMA radiofrequency radiation does not exceed the false-positive rate. Proteomics 2006; 6:4739-44. [PMID: 16933338 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.200600051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Experiments with cultured C3H 10T 1/2 cells were performed to determine if exposure to cell phone radiofrequency (RF) radiations induce changes in gene expression. Following a 24 h exposure of 5 W/kg specific adsorption rate, RNA was extracted from the exposed and sham control cells for microarray analysis on Affymetrix U74Av2 Genechips. Cells exposed to 0.68 Gy of X-rays with a 4-h recovery were used as positive controls. The number of gene expression changes induced by RF radiation was not greater than the number of false positives expected based on a sham versus sham comparison. In contrast, the X-irradiated samples showed higher numbers of probe sets changing expression level than in the sham versus sham comparison.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy D Whitehead
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63108, USA
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45
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Whitehead TD, Moros EG, Brownstein BH, Roti Roti JL. Gene Expression does not Change Significantly in C3H 10T½ Cells after Exposure to 847.74 CDMA or 835.62 FDMA Radiofrequency Radiation. Radiat Res 2006; 165:626-35. [PMID: 16802862 DOI: 10.1667/rr3560.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
In vitro experiments with C3H 10T(1/2) mouse cells were performed to determine whether Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA) or Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) modulated radiofrequency (RF) radiations induce changes in gene expression. After the cells were exposed to either modulation for 24 h at a specific absorption rate (SAR) of 5 W/ kg, RNA was extracted from both exposed and sham-exposed cells for gene expression analysis. As a positive control, cells were exposed to 0.68 Gy of X rays and gene expression was evaluated 4 h after exposure. Gene expression was evaluated using the Affymetrix U74Av2 GeneChip to detect changes in mRNA levels. Each exposure condition was repeated three times. The GeneChip data were analyzed using a two-tailed t test, and the expected number of false positives was estimated from t tests on 20 permutations of the six sham RF-field-exposed samples. For the X-ray-treated samples, there were more than 90 probe sets with expression changes greater than 1.3-fold beyond the number of expected false positives. Approximately one-third of these genes had previously been reported in the literature as being responsive to radiation. In contrast, for both CDMA and FDMA radiation, the number of probe sets with an expression change greater than 1.3-fold was less than or equal to the expected number of false positives. Thus the 24-h exposures to FDMA or CDMA RF radiation at 5 W/kg had no statistically significant effect on gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- T D Whitehead
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63108, USA
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Li Z, Hyseni X, Carter JD, Soukup JM, Dailey LA, Huang YCT. Pollutant particles enhanced H2O2 production from NAD(P)H oxidase and mitochondria in human pulmonary artery endothelial cells. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2006; 291:C357-65. [PMID: 16571865 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00365.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Particulate matter (PM) induces oxidative stress and cardiovascular adverse health effects, but the mechanistic link between the two is unclear. We hypothesized that PM enhanced oxidative stress in vascular endothelial cells and investigated the enzymatic sources of reactive oxygen species and their effects on mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activation and vasoconstriction. We measured the production of extracellular H2O2, activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinases1/2 (ERK1/2) and p38 MAPKs in human pulmonary artery endothelial cells (HPAEC) treated with urban particles (UP; SRM1648), and assessed the effects of H2O2 on vasoconstriction in pulmonary artery ring and isolated perfused lung. Within minutes after UP treatment, HPAEC increased H2O2 production that could be inhibited by diphenyleneiodonium (DPI), apocynin (APO), and sodium azide (NaN3). The water-soluble fraction of UP as well as its two transition metal components, Cu and V, also stimulated H2O2 production. NaN3 inhibited H2O2 production stimulated by Cu and V, whereas DPI and APO inhibited only Cu-stimulated H2O2 production. Inhibitors of other H2O2-producing enzymes, including Nomega-methyl-L-argnine, indomethacin, allopurinol, cimetidine, rotenone, and antimycin, had no effects. DPI but not NaN3 attenuated UP-induced pulmonary vasoconstriction and phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and p38 MAPKs. Knockdown of p47phox gene expression by small interfering RNA attenuated UP-induced H2O2 production and phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and p38 MAPKs. Intravascular administration of H2O2 generated by glucose oxidase increased pulmonary artery pressure. We conclude that UP induce oxidative stress in vascular endothelial cells by activating NAD(P)H oxidase and the mitochondria. The endothelial oxidative stress may be an important mechanism for PM-induced acute cardiovascular health effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuowei Li
- Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma and Lung Biology, University of North Carolina, CB 7315, 104 Mason Farm Rd., Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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Hofer T, Badouard C, Bajak E, Ravanat JL, Mattsson A, Cotgreave IA. Hydrogen peroxide causes greater oxidation in cellular RNA than in DNA. Biol Chem 2005; 386:333-7. [PMID: 15899695 DOI: 10.1515/bc.2005.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Human A549 lung epithelial cells were challenged with 18O-labeled hydrogen peroxide ([18O]-H2O2), the total RNA and DNA extracted in parallel, and analyzed for 18O-labeled 8-oxo-7,8-dihydroguanosine ([18O]-8-oxoGuo) and 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine ([18O]-8-oxodGuo) respectively, using high-performance liquid chromatography electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS). [18O]-H2O2 exposure resulted in dose-response formation of both [18O]-8-oxoGuo and [18O]-8-oxodGuo and 18O-labeling of guanine in RNA was 14-25 times more common than in DNA. Kinetics of formation and subsequent removal of oxidized nucleic acids adducts were also monitored up to 24 h. The A549 showed slow turnover rates of adducts in RNA and DNA giving half-lives of approximately 12.5 h for [18O]-8-oxoGuo in RNA and 20.7 h for [18O]-8-oxodGuo in DNA, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Hofer
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Box 210, S-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden.
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48
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Bataller M, Portugal J. Apoptosis and cell recovery in response to oxidative stress in p53-deficient prostate carcinoma cells. Arch Biochem Biophys 2005; 437:151-8. [PMID: 15850555 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2005.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2005] [Revised: 03/08/2005] [Accepted: 03/09/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
We have studied the effects of different concentrations of H(2)O(2) on the proliferation of PC-3 prostate carcinoma cells. Since this cell line lacks functional p53, we sought to characterize whether apoptotic response to the oxidative insult was altered such that, unlike in cells containing functional p53 apoptosis may be reduced and replaced by other mechanisms of cellular arrest and death. We did not observe necrosis in PC-3 cells treated with H(2)O(2) concentrations of up to 500 microM. In the presence of 50 microM H(2)O(2), arrest was observed in the G2-phase of the cell cycle, along with p53-independent apoptosis. In the presence of 500 microM H(2)O(2), addition of l-buthionine sulfoximine increased the percentage of apoptotic cell death. Senescence-associated cell arrest was never observed. Moreover, some of the treated cells seemed to be resistant to oxidative damage. These cells re-entered the cell cycle and proliferated normally. Analysis of the expression of p21(waf1) and of p21 protein levels, as well as the activity of caspase-3 and caspase-8, allowed us to characterize some aspects of the arrest of PC-3 cells in G2 and the apoptotic response to oxidative stress in the absence of functional p53.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Bataller
- Instituto de Biología Molecular de Barcelona, CSIC, Parc Cientific de Barcelona, Josep Samitier 1-5, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
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Anseth JW, Goffin AJ, Fuller GG, Ghio AJ, Kao PN, Upadhyay D. Lung surfactant gelation induced by epithelial cells exposed to air pollution or oxidative stress. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2005; 33:161-8. [PMID: 15860796 PMCID: PMC2715310 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2004-0365oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung surfactant lowers surface tension and adjusts interfacial rheology to facilitate breathing. A novel instrument, the interfacial stress rheometer (ISR), uses an oscillating magnetic needle to measure the shear viscosity and elasticity of a surfactant monolayer at the air-water interface. The ISR reveals that calf lung surfactant, Infasurf, exhibits remarkable fluidity, even when exposed to air pollution residual oil fly ash (ROFA), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), or conditioned media from resting A549 alveolar epithelial cells (AEC). However, when Infasurf is exposed to a subphase of the soluble fraction of ROFA- or H2O2-treated AEC conditioned media, there is a prominent increase in surfactant elasticity and viscosity, representing two-dimensional gelation. Surfactant gelation is decreased when ROFA-AEC are pretreated with inhibitors of cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), or with a mitochondrial anion channel inhibitor, as well as when A549-rho0 cells that lack mitochondrial DNA and functional electron transport are investigated. These results implicate both mitochondrial and nonmitochondrial ROS generation in ROFA-AEC-induced surfactant gelation. A549 cells treated with H2O2 demonstrate a dose-dependent increase in lung surfactant gelation. The ISR is a unique and sensitive instrument to characterize surfactant gelation induced by oxidatively stressed AEC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jay W Anseth
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University Medical Center, 300 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, CA 94305-5236, USA
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50
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Cotgreave IA. Biological stress responses to radio frequency electromagnetic radiation: are mobile phones really so (heat) shocking? Arch Biochem Biophys 2005; 435:227-40. [PMID: 15680925 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2004.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2004] [Revised: 12/03/2004] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Cells phenotypically adapt to alterations in their intra- and extracellular environment via organised alterations to gene and protein expression. Many chemical and physical stimuli are known to drive such responses, including the induction of oxidative stress and heat shock. Increasing use of mobile telephones in our society, has brought focus on the potential for radio frequency (microwave) electromagnetic radiation to elicit biological stress responses, in association with potentially detrimental effects of this to human health. Here we review evidence suggesting altered gene and protein expression in response to such emissions, with particular focus on heat shock proteins. Non-thermal induction of heat shock proteins has been claimed by a number of investigations in in vitro cellular systems, and appears pleiotropic for many other regulatory events. However, many of these studies are flawed by inconsistencies in exposure models, cell types used and the independent reproducibility of the findings. Further, the paucity of evidence from in vivo experimentation is largely contradictory. Therefore, the validity of these effects in human health risk assessment remain unsubstantiated. Where possible, suggestions for further experimental clarification have been provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian A Cotgreave
- Division of Biochemical Toxicology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Box 210, S-17177 Stockholm, Sweden.
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