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Ding N, Zeng Z, Luo J, Li K. The cross-sectional relationship between vitamin C and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein levels: insights from NHANES database. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1290749. [PMID: 38024382 PMCID: PMC10675847 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1290749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Ascorbic acid or vitamin C has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties that may impact markers of inflammation like C-reactive protein (CRP). However, studies specifically on vitamin C and high-sensitivity CRP (hs-CRP) have been scarce. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2017-2018 dataset including 5,380 U.S. adults aged ≥20 years. Multiple regression models examined the relationship between plasma vitamin C and serum hs-CRP while adjusting for potential confounders. Stratified analyses and curve fitting assessed effect modification and nonlinearity. Results An inverse association was found between plasma vitamin C and serum hs-CRP overall (β = -0.025, 95% CI: -0.033 to -0.017, p < 0.00001) and in subgroups except for the "other Hispanic" subgroup in model II (β = -0.009, 95% CI: (-0.040, 0.023), p = 0.5885). The relationship was nonlinear, with the greatest hs-CRP reduction observed up to a plasma vitamin C level of 53.1 μmol/L. Conclusion The results showed a non-linear negative correlation between vitamin C levels and hs-CRP in adults. These results suggest vitamin C intake may reduce inflammation and cardiovascular risk, but only up to 53.1 μmol/L plasma vitamin C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Ding
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The Affiliated Changsha Central Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Changsha, China
| | - Zhao Zeng
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The Affiliated Changsha Central Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Changsha, China
| | - Ju Luo
- Department of Geriatrics, The Affiliated Changsha Central Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Changsha, China
| | - Keng Li
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The Affiliated Changsha Central Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Changsha, China
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2
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Rizo-Téllez SA, Sekheri M, Filep JG. C-reactive protein: a target for therapy to reduce inflammation. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1237729. [PMID: 37564640 PMCID: PMC10410079 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1237729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
C-reactive protein (CRP) is well-recognized as a sensitive biomarker of inflammation. Association of elevations in plasma/serum CRP level with disease state has received considerable attention, even though CRP is not a specific indicator of a single disease state. Circulating CRP levels have been monitored with a varying degree of success to gauge disease severity or to predict disease progression and outcome. Elevations in CRP level have been implicated as a useful marker to identify patients at risk for cardiovascular disease and certain cancers, and to guide therapy in a context-dependent manner. Since even strong associations do not establish causality, the pathogenic role of CRP has often been over-interpreted. CRP functions as an important modulator of host defense against bacterial infection, tissue injury and autoimmunity. CRP exists in conformationally distinct forms, which exhibit distinct functional properties and help explaining the diverse, often contradictory effects attributed to CRP. In particular, dissociation of native pentameric CRP into its subunits, monomeric CRP, unmasks "hidden" pro-inflammatory activities in pentameric CRP. Here, we review recent advances in CRP targeting strategies, therapeutic lowering of circulating CRP level and development of CRP antagonists, and a conformation change inhibitor in particular. We will also discuss their therapeutic potential in mitigating the deleterious actions attributed to CRP under various pathologies, including cardiovascular, pulmonary and autoimmune diseases and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salma A. Rizo-Téllez
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Research Center, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Meriem Sekheri
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Research Center, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - János G. Filep
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Research Center, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada
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3
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Zajac D, Wojciechowski P. The Role of Vitamins in the Pathogenesis of Asthma. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24108574. [PMID: 37239921 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24108574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamins play a crucial role in the proper functioning of organisms. Disturbances of their levels, seen as deficiency or excess, enhance the development of various diseases, including those of the cardiovascular, immune, or respiratory systems. The present paper aims to summarize the role of vitamins in one of the most common diseases of the respiratory system, asthma. This narrative review describes the influence of vitamins on asthma and its main symptoms such as bronchial hyperreactivity, airway inflammation, oxidative stress, and airway remodeling, as well as the correlation between vitamin intake and levels and the risk of asthma in both pre- and postnatal life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominika Zajac
- Department of Respiration Physiology, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warszawa, Poland
| | - Piotr Wojciechowski
- Department of Respiration Physiology, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warszawa, Poland
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4
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Muacevic A, Adler JR, Hamide A. Supplementation of Water-Soluble Vitamins Reduces Hyperhomocysteinemia, Insulin Resistance, and High-Sensitivity C-reactive Protein in Prehypertension Subjects. Cureus 2023; 15:e33481. [PMID: 36751256 PMCID: PMC9901180 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.33481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prehypertensives are at higher risk of developing cardiovascular diseases. Hyperhomocysteinemia, insulin resistance, and increased high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) are independent risk factors for the development of cardiovascular complications. In prehypertensives, specific therapeutic approaches can be implemented at the earliest to prevent the onset of overt hypertension. So the present study was performed to study the effect of supplementation of water-soluble vitamins on cardiovascular risk factors like homocysteine, insulin resistance, and C-reactive protein in prehypertensive subjects. METHODS Sixty prehypertensive subjects were recruited into the study based on inclusion and exclusion criteria and randomized into two groups of 30 each. One group was given a placebo and the other was given water-soluble vitamins for four months. Serum homocysteine, insulin, homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and hs-CRP were assayed. RESULTS After four months of treatment with water-soluble vitamins, there was a significant decrease in levels of serum homocysteine, hs-CRP, and HOMA-IR when compared to placebo treatment. After four months of treatment, there was a significant decrease in the levels of hs-CRP, homocysteine, and HOMA-IR in groups treated with water-soluble vitamins compared to the basal levels. CONCLUSION In subjects with prehypertension, supplementation of water-soluble vitamins decreases the level of homocysteine, insulin resistance, and hs-CRP.
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Ramos-Lopez O, Martinez-Urbistondo D, Vargas-Nuñez JA, Martinez JA. The Role of Nutrition on Meta-inflammation: Insights and Potential Targets in Communicable and Chronic Disease Management. Curr Obes Rep 2022; 11:305-335. [PMID: 36258149 PMCID: PMC9579631 DOI: 10.1007/s13679-022-00490-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Chronic low-grade inflammation may contribute to the onset and progression of communicable and chronic diseases. This review examined the effects and eventual mediation roles of different nutritional factors on inflammation. RECENT FINDINGS Potential nutritional compounds influencing inflammation processes include macro and micronutrients, bioactive molecules (polyphenols), specific food components, and culinary ingredients as well as standardized dietary patterns, eating habits, and chrononutrition features. Therefore, research in this field is still required, taking into account critical aspects of heterogeneity including type of population, minimum and maximum intakes and adverse effects, cooking methods, physiopathological status, and times of intervention. Moreover, the integrative analysis of traditional variables (age, sex, metabolic profile, clinical history, body phenotype, habitual dietary intake, physical activity levels, and lifestyle) together with individualized issues (genetic background, epigenetic signatures, microbiota composition, gene expression profiles, and metabolomic fingerprints) may contribute to the knowledge and prescription of more personalized treatments aimed to improving the precision medical management of inflammation as well as the design of anti-inflammatory diets in chronic and communicable diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Ramos-Lopez
- Medicine and Psychology School, Autonomous University of Baja California, Universidad 14418, UABC, Parque Internacional Industrial Tijuana, 22390, Tijuana, Baja California, Mexico.
| | | | - Juan A Vargas-Nuñez
- Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro Majadahonda, 28222, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Medicine, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - J Alfredo Martinez
- Precision Nutrition and Cardiometabolic Health, IMDEA Food Institute, CEI UAM+CSIC, 28049, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science, Physiology and Toxicology, Centre for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, 31009, Pamplona, Spain
- Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), 28029, Madrid, Spain
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Decreasing Vitamin C Intake, Low Serum Vitamin C Level and Risk for US Adults with Diabetes. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14193902. [PMID: 36235555 PMCID: PMC9573084 DOI: 10.3390/nu14193902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin C (VC) intakes, serum VC, fasting plasma glucose, and A1c levels of 25,206 adult men and 26,944 adult women with 6807 type 2 and 428 type 1 diabetes from the NHANES database between 1999 and 2018 were analyzed. Our hypothesis is that low VC intake and serum VC level may be a health risk for US adults with diabetes. Analyses revealed total VC intake below the estimated average requirement (EAR) increased from 38.1% to 46.5% between 1999–2018. VC intake and serum VC levels were inversely associated with markers of pre-diabetes and type 2 diabetes, namely, fasting plasma glucose and A1c levels. Risks of type 2 diabetes increased in adults with VC intake below the EAR and with no VC supplement (odds ratio 1.20, 95% CI 1.1–1.3 and 1.28, 95% CI 1.18–1.40, respectively). Median survivor years of diabetic adults with lower and deficient serum VC were shorter than that of diabetic adults with normal serum VC. Mortality risks of type 2 diabetes with low VC intake and/or deficient serum VC levels were elevated compared to those with adequate VC intake and normal serum VC (HR 1.25, 95% CI 1.05–1.49 and 1.84, 95% CI 1.10–3.08, respectively). Observation of declining VC intake and deleterious consequences of low serum VC in US adults with diabetes suggests encouragement of VC intake, including VC supplementation of 500–1000 mg/day, may be beneficial for pre-diabetic and diabetic US adults.
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Takkinsatian P, Mairiang D, Sangkanjanavanich S, Chiewchalermsri C, Tripipitsiriwat A, Sompornrattanaphan M. Dietary Factors Associated with Asthma Development: A Narrative Review and Summary of Current Guidelines and Recommendations. J Asthma Allergy 2022; 15:1125-1141. [PMID: 36046721 PMCID: PMC9420923 DOI: 10.2147/jaa.s364964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Asthma is a complex disease, caused by a combination of genetic and environmental factors. The prevalence of asthma is increasing too rapidly to be attributable to genetic factors alone. Thus, environmental factors are becoming increasingly recognized as the cause of asthma. Modifying these environmental factors may be a simple approach for asthma prevention. To date, dietary intervention is an interesting modifiable factor because it can be implemented at the population level. The modification of systemic inflammation, oxidation, and microbial composition might be a mechanistic basis for prevention. This review summarizes the mechanistic basis and evidence from clinical studies on the association between dietary factors and asthma development. We also summarize the recommendations from many organizations and regional guidelines to assist the practicing physician to improve patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preyanit Takkinsatian
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Vajira Hospital, Navamindradhiraj University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Dara Mairiang
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Sasipa Sangkanjanavanich
- Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Department of Medicine, Phyathai 2 International Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Chirawat Chiewchalermsri
- Department of Medicine, Panyananthaphikkhu Chonprathan Medical Center, Srinakharinwirot University, Nonthaburi, Thailand
| | - Athiwat Tripipitsiriwat
- Division of Respiratory Disease and Tuberculosis, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Mongkhon Sompornrattanaphan
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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8
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Grudlewska-Buda K, Wiktorczyk-Kapischke N, Budzyńska A, Kwiecińska-Piróg J, Przekwas J, Kijewska A, Sabiniarz D, Gospodarek-Komkowska E, Skowron K. The Variable Nature of Vitamin C—Does It Help When Dealing with Coronavirus? Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11071247. [PMID: 35883738 PMCID: PMC9312329 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11071247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is still spreading worldwide. For this reason, new treatment methods are constantly being researched. Consequently, new and already-known preparations are being investigated to potentially reduce the severe course of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). SARS-CoV-2 infection induces the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and acute serum biomarkers in the host organism. In addition to antiviral drugs, there are other substances being used in the treatment of COVID-19, e.g., those with antioxidant properties, such as vitamin C (VC). Exciting aspects of the use of VC in antiviral therapy are its antioxidant and pro-oxidative abilities. In this review, we summarized both the positive effects of using VC in treating infections caused by SARS-CoV-2 in the light of the available research. We have tried to answer the question as to whether the use of high doses of VC brings the expected benefits in the treatment of COVID-19 and whether such treatment is the correct therapeutic choice. Each case requires individual assessment to determine whether the positives outweigh the negatives, especially in the light of populational studies concerning the genetic differentiation of genes encoding the solute carriers responsible forVC adsorption. Few data are available on the influence of VC on the course of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Deducing from already-published data, high-dose intravenous vitamin C (HDIVC) does not significantly lower the mortality or length of hospitalization. However, some data prove, among other things, its impact on the serum levels of inflammatory markers. Finally, the non-positive effect of VC administration is mainly neutral, but the negative effect is that it can result in urinary stones or nephropathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Grudlewska-Buda
- Department of Microbiology, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (K.G.-B.); (N.W.-K.); (A.B.); (J.K.-P.); (J.P.); (E.G.-K.)
| | - Natalia Wiktorczyk-Kapischke
- Department of Microbiology, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (K.G.-B.); (N.W.-K.); (A.B.); (J.K.-P.); (J.P.); (E.G.-K.)
| | - Anna Budzyńska
- Department of Microbiology, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (K.G.-B.); (N.W.-K.); (A.B.); (J.K.-P.); (J.P.); (E.G.-K.)
| | - Joanna Kwiecińska-Piróg
- Department of Microbiology, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (K.G.-B.); (N.W.-K.); (A.B.); (J.K.-P.); (J.P.); (E.G.-K.)
| | - Jana Przekwas
- Department of Microbiology, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (K.G.-B.); (N.W.-K.); (A.B.); (J.K.-P.); (J.P.); (E.G.-K.)
| | - Agnieszka Kijewska
- Department of Immunobiology and Environmental Biology, Institute of Maritime and Tropical Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland;
| | | | - Eugenia Gospodarek-Komkowska
- Department of Microbiology, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (K.G.-B.); (N.W.-K.); (A.B.); (J.K.-P.); (J.P.); (E.G.-K.)
| | - Krzysztof Skowron
- Department of Microbiology, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (K.G.-B.); (N.W.-K.); (A.B.); (J.K.-P.); (J.P.); (E.G.-K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-(52)-585-38-38
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9
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Vitamin C Plasma Levels Associated with Inflammatory Biomarkers, CRP and RDW: Results from the NHANES 2003–2006 Surveys. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14061254. [PMID: 35334908 PMCID: PMC8950002 DOI: 10.3390/nu14061254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Although undisputed for its anti-inflammatory and immune system boosting properties, vitamin C remains an inconsistently investigated nutrient in the United States. However, subclinical inadequacies may partly explain increased inflammation and decreased immune function within the population. This secondary analysis cross-sectional study used the 2003–2006 NHANES surveys to identify more clearly the association between plasma vitamin C and clinical biomarkers of acute and chronic inflammation C-reactive protein (CRP) and red cell distribution width (RDW). From plasma vitamin C levels separated into five defined categories (deficiency, hypovitaminosis, inadequate, adequate, and saturating), ANOVA tests identified significant differences in means in all insufficient vitamin C categories (deficiency, hypovitaminosis, and inadequate) and both CRP and RDW in 7607 study participants. There were also statistically significant differences in means between sufficient plasma vitamin C levels (adequate and saturating categories) and CRP. Significant differences were not identified between adequate and saturating plasma vitamin C levels and RDW. Although inadequate levels of vitamin C may not exhibit overt signs or symptoms of deficiency, differences in mean levels identified between inflammatory biomarkers suggest a closer examination of those considered at risk for inflammatory-driven diseases. Likewise, the subclinical levels of inflammation presented in this study provide evidence to support ranges for further clinical inflammation surveillance.
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Lin YT, Wang LK, Hung KC, Chang CY, Wu LC, Ho CH, Chen JY. Prevalence and Predictors of Insufficient Plasma Vitamin C in a Subtropical Region and Its Associations with Risk Factors of Cardiovascular Diseases: A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14051108. [PMID: 35268083 PMCID: PMC8912640 DOI: 10.3390/nu14051108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: to evaluate the prevalence and predictors of insufficient plasma vitamin C among adults in a subtropical region and its associations with cardiovascular disease risk factors including dyslipidemia and lipid-independent markers, namely homocysteine, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and lipoprotein(a). Methods: Data of this retrospective cross-sectional study were extracted from electronic medical database of a Medical Center. Based on plasma vitamin C status, subjects were split into two groups—subjects with sufficient and insufficient plasma vitamin C levels (<50 µmol/L, ≤8.8 mg/L). Results: Prevalence of insufficient plasma vitamin C in 3899 adults was 39%. Multivariate logistic regression identified male gender, high body mass index, age 20−39, and winter/spring as independent predictors of insufficient vitamin C among all subjects. Greater proportions of subjects with insufficient plasma vitamin C had lower high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels and elevated levels of triglyceride, homocysteine and hs-CRP (all p < 0.001). There were no differences in total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and lipoprotein(a) between groups. Conclusions: There was a high prevalence of insufficient plasma vitamin C in the subtropical region, which indicates that insufficient plasma vitamin C remains a public health issue. Further study is needed to confirm these findings and to determine the underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao-Tsung Lin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan 71004, Taiwan; (Y.-T.L.); (L.-K.W.); (K.-C.H.)
- Department of Hospital and Health Care Administration, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan 71710, Taiwan
| | - Li-Kai Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan 71004, Taiwan; (Y.-T.L.); (L.-K.W.); (K.-C.H.)
- Department of Hospital and Health Care Administration, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan 71710, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Chuan Hung
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan 71004, Taiwan; (Y.-T.L.); (L.-K.W.); (K.-C.H.)
- Department of Hospital and Health Care Administration, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan 71710, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Yu Chang
- Department of Neurology, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan 71004, Taiwan;
- The Center for General Education, Southern Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Tainan 80424, Taiwan
| | - Li-Ching Wu
- Center for Precision Medicine, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan 71004, Taiwan;
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Han Ho
- Department of Medical Research, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan 71004, Taiwan;
| | - Jen-Yin Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan 71004, Taiwan; (Y.-T.L.); (L.-K.W.); (K.-C.H.)
- Correspondence:
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11
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Bedhiafi T, Inchakalody VP, Fernandes Q, Mestiri S, Billa N, Uddin S, Merhi M, Dermime S. The potential role of vitamin C in empowering cancer immunotherapy. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 146:112553. [PMID: 34923342 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin C also known as L-ascorbic acid is a nutrient naturally occurring in many fruits and vegetables and widely known for its potent antioxidant activity. Several studies have highlighted the importance of using high dose vitamin C as an adjuvant anti-cancer therapy. Interestingly, it has been shown that vitamin C is able to modulate the anti-cancer immune response and to help to overcome the resistance to immune checkpoints blockade (ICB) drugs such as cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 (CLTA-4) and programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1/PD-1) inhibitors. Indeed, it was reported that vitamin C regulates several mechanisms developed by cancer cells to escape T cells immune response and resist ICB. Understanding the role of vitamin C in the anti-tumor immune response will pave the way to the development of novel combination therapies that would enhance the response of cancer patients to ICB immunotherapy. In this review, we discuss the effect of vitamin C on the immune system and its potential role in empowering cancer immunotherapy through its pro-oxidant potential, its ability to modulate epigenetic factors and its capacity to regulate the expression of different cytokines involved in the immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takwa Bedhiafi
- Translational Cancer Research Facility, Translational Research Institute, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Varghese Philipose Inchakalody
- Translational Cancer Research Facility, Translational Research Institute, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar; National Center for Cancer Care and Research, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Queenie Fernandes
- Translational Cancer Research Facility, Translational Research Institute, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar; College of Medicine, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Sarra Mestiri
- Translational Cancer Research Facility, Translational Research Institute, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | | | - Shahab Uddin
- Translational Research Institute and dermatology Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar; Laboratory Animal Research Center, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar
| | - Maysaloun Merhi
- Translational Cancer Research Facility, Translational Research Institute, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar; National Center for Cancer Care and Research, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar.
| | - Said Dermime
- Translational Cancer Research Facility, Translational Research Institute, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar; National Center for Cancer Care and Research, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar; College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar.
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12
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Kranjac AW, Kranjac D, Lounsbury O. Deconstructing sex differences in C-reactive protein trends over time. Am J Hum Biol 2021; 34:e23705. [PMID: 34792252 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.23705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Heightened inflammatory state, as measured by circulating C-reactive protein (CRP) levels, can promote inflammation-mediated disease risk. It is important to account for population fluctuation and sex variation in serum CRP concentrations on overall time trends. METHODS Using the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data, we specify linear and algebraic decomposition models separately by sex to identify the drivers of the changing trends in the distribution of CRP values in the population. RESULTS We found a nonsignificant overall increase in CRP, but a significant decrease among women and increase among men, over a 10-year period. We then used linear and algebraic decomposition techniques to identify the sources of change in CRP over time, separately for women and men. CRP increased among men mainly because lifestyle/health characteristics worsened over time, and because the size of socioeconomic/demographic groups with higher CRP increased and the size of groups with lower CRP decreased. The downward shift in CRP among women occurred because the typical woman across all cohorts had lower CRP levels. CONCLUSIONS We identified two fundamentally different processes of change driving the decline and rise in CRP values among women and men, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley W Kranjac
- Department of Sociology, Wilkinson College, Chapman University, Orange, California, USA
| | - Dinko Kranjac
- Department of Psychology, College of Health & Community Well-Being, University of La Verne, La Verne, California, USA
| | - Olivia Lounsbury
- Department of Health Sciences, Crean College of Health and Behavioral Sciences, Chapman University, Orange, California, USA
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13
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Prasad K. Current Status of Primary, Secondary, and Tertiary Prevention of Coronary Artery Disease. Int J Angiol 2021; 30:177-186. [PMID: 34776817 PMCID: PMC8580611 DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1731273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Fifty percent of all death from cardiovascular diseases is due to coronary artery disease (CAD). This is avoidable if early identification is made. Preventive health care has a major role in the fight against CAD. Atherosclerosis and atherosclerotic plaque rupture are involved in the development of CAD. Modifiable risk factors for CAD are dyslipidemia, diabetes, hypertension, cigarette smoking, obesity, chronic renal disease, chronic infection, high C-reactive protein, and hyperhomocysteinemia. CAD can be prevented by modification of risk factors. This paper defines the primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention of CAD. It discusses the mechanism of risk factor-induced atherosclerosis. This paper describes the CAD risk score and its use in the selection of individuals for primary prevention of CAD. Guidelines for primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention of CAD have been described. Modification of risk factors and use of guidelines for prevention of CAD would prevent, regress, and slow down the progression of CAD, improve the quality of life of patient, and reduce the health care cost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kailash Prasad
- Department of Physiology (APP), College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
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14
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Hureau TJ, Weavil JC, Sidhu SK, Thurston TS, Reese VR, Zhao J, Nelson AD, Birgenheier NM, Richardson RS, Amann M. Ascorbate attenuates cycling exercise-induced neuromuscular fatigue but fails to improve exertional dyspnea and exercise tolerance in COPD. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2021; 130:69-79. [PMID: 33151775 PMCID: PMC7944926 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00611.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We examined the effect of intravenous ascorbate (VitC) administration on exercise-induced redox balance, inflammation, exertional dyspnea, neuromuscular fatigue, and exercise tolerance in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Eight COPD patients completed constant-load cycling (∼80% of peak power output, 83 ± 10 W) to task failure after intravenous VitC (2 g) or saline (placebo, PL) infusion. All participants repeated the shorter of the two exercise trials (isotime) with the other infusate. Quadriceps fatigue was determined by pre- to postexercise changes in quadriceps twitch torque (ΔQtw, electrical femoral nerve stimulation). Corticospinal excitability before, during, and after exercise was assessed by changes in motor evoked potentials triggered by transcranial magnetic stimulation. VitC increased superoxide dismutase (marker for endogenous antioxidant capacity) by 129% and mitigated C-reactive protein (marker for inflammation) in the plasma during exercise but failed to alter the exercise-induced increase in lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde) and free radicals [electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR)-spectroscopy]. Although VitC did, indeed, decrease neuromuscular fatigue (ΔQtw: PL -29 ± 5%, VitC -23 ± 6%, P < 0.05), there was no impact on corticospinal excitability and time to task failure (∼8 min, P = 0.8). Interestingly, in terms of pulmonary limitations to exercise, VitC had no effect on perceived exertional dyspnea (∼8.5/10) and its determinants, including oxygen saturation ([Formula: see text]) (∼92%) and respiratory muscle work (∼650 cmH2O·s·min-1) (P > 0.3). Thus, although VitC facilitated indicators for antioxidant capacity, diminished inflammatory markers, and improved neuromuscular fatigue resistance, it failed to improve exertional dyspnea and cycling exercise tolerance in patients with COPD. As dyspnea is recognized to limit exercise tolerance in COPD, the otherwise beneficial effects of VitC may have been impacted by this unaltered sensation.NEW & NOTEWORTHY We investigated the effect of intravenous vitamin C on redox balance, exertional dyspnea, neuromuscular fatigue, and exercise tolerance in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients. Acute vitamin C administration increased superoxide dismutase (marker of antioxidant capacity) and attenuated fatigue development but failed to improve exertional dyspnea and exercise tolerance. These findings suggest that a compromised redox balance plays a critical role in the development of fatigue in COPD but also highlight the significance of exertional dyspnea as an important symptom limiting the patients' exercise tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J Hureau
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
- EA 3072 Mitochondria, Oxidative Stress and Muscular Protection Laboratory, Department of Medicine, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Joshua C Weavil
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Salt Lake City Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Simranjit K Sidhu
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Taylor S Thurston
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Van R Reese
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Jia Zhao
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Ashley D Nelson
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | | | - Russell S Richardson
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Salt Lake City Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Markus Amann
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Salt Lake City Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
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15
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Rancaño KM, Ralston PA, Lemacks JL, Young-Clark I, Ilich JZ. Antioxidant intake in relation to serum C-reactive protein in mid-life and older African Americans. ETHNICITY & HEALTH 2020; 25:1132-1144. [PMID: 29962216 PMCID: PMC6375798 DOI: 10.1080/13557858.2018.1492707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Objective: African Americans (AAs) experience greater prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) compared to other ethnic/racial groups. Low-grade chronic inflammation (often quantified by serum C-reactive protein CRP) is a well-documented risk factor for CVD. A healthy diet is plentiful in antioxidant nutrients and is associated with a lower inflammatory status and CVD risk. Our objective was to examine the relationship between dietary intake of antioxidants (carotenoids, vitamins A, C, E, and selenium) and serum CRP concentrations in mid-life and older AAs, while controlling for confounders. Methods: Data were from the baseline phase of a longitudinal church-based intervention study to reduce CVD risk in AAs. Anthropometrics were measured in a standard manner. Fasting serum samples were analyzed with ELISA for CRP. Multiple-pass 24-hour dietary recalls were used to assess intake; self-reported questionnaires were used to collect demographics. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS Statistics 21 with the level of significance set at p < 0.05. Results: A total of n = 73 participants (n = 51 females) were included in the analyses. The females and males, respectively were 58.9 ± 10.3 and 59.4 ± 9.7 years old, with BMI of 34.6 ± 8.3 and 35.6 ± 9.3 kg/m2 (Mean ± SD). The mean serum CRP was above 0.6 mg/dL, although slightly lower in males. Males consumed more energy (kcal) and met RDA for selenium, whereas females met RDA for vitamin C. Both groups met RDA for vitamin A. All other dietary variables fell below the RDA or had no RDA established. Results from the binary logistic regression did not show significant association between dietary antioxidants and serum CRP in males or females. However, among females, for every unit increase in BMI, there was a 15% increase in serum CRP (OR = 1.15, p = 0.04). Conclusions: Our study does not support the inverse relationship between antioxidants intake and CRP, but does support the evidence for obesity-induced inflammation and suggests the association can be applied to AA women.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Penny A. Ralston
- Center on Better Health and Life for Underserved Populations, Florida State University,
| | - Jennifer L. Lemacks
- Department of Nutrition & Food Systems, The University of Southern Mississippi,
| | - Iris Young-Clark
- Center on Better Health and Life for Underserved Populations, Florida State University,
| | - Jasminka Z. Ilich
- Collaborating Faculty, Center on Better Health and Life for Underserved Populations, Affiliate, Institute for Successful Aging, Florida State University,
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16
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Cerullo G, Negro M, Parimbelli M, Pecoraro M, Perna S, Liguori G, Rondanelli M, Cena H, D’Antona G. The Long History of Vitamin C: From Prevention of the Common Cold to Potential Aid in the Treatment of COVID-19. Front Immunol 2020; 11:574029. [PMID: 33193359 PMCID: PMC7655735 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.574029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
From Pauling's theories to the present, considerable understanding has been acquired of both the physiological role of vitamin C and of the impact of vitamin C supplementation on the health. Although it is well known that a balanced diet which satisfies the daily intake of vitamin C positively affects the immune system and reduces susceptibility to infections, available data do not support the theory that oral vitamin C supplements boost immunity. No current clinical recommendations support the possibility of significantly decreasing the risk of respiratory infections by using high-dose supplements of vitamin C in a well-nourished general population. Only in restricted subgroups (e.g., athletes or the military) and in subjects with a low plasma vitamin C concentration a supplementation may be justified. Furthermore, in categories at high risk of infection (i.e., the obese, diabetics, the elderly, etc.), a vitamin C supplementation can modulate inflammation, with potential positive effects on immune response to infections. The impact of an extra oral intake of vitamin C on the duration of a cold and the prevention or treatment of pneumonia is still questioned, while, based on critical illness studies, vitamin C infusion has recently been hypothesized as a treatment for COVID-19 hospitalized patients. In this review, we focused on the effects of vitamin C on immune function, summarizing the most relevant studies from the prevention and treatment of common respiratory diseases to the use of vitamin C in critical illness conditions, with the aim of clarifying its potential application during an acute SARS-CoV2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Cerullo
- Department of Movement Sciences and Wellbeing, University of Naples Parthenope, Naples, Italy
| | - Massimo Negro
- Centro di Ricerca Interdipartimentale nelle Attività Motorie e Sportive (CRIAMS)—Sport Medicine Centre, University of Pavia, Voghera, Italy
| | - Mauro Parimbelli
- Centro di Ricerca Interdipartimentale nelle Attività Motorie e Sportive (CRIAMS)—Sport Medicine Centre, University of Pavia, Voghera, Italy
| | | | - Simone Perna
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Bahrain, Sakhir, Bahrain
| | - Giorgio Liguori
- Department of Movement Sciences and Wellbeing, University of Naples Parthenope, Naples, Italy
| | - Mariangela Rondanelli
- IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
- Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Hellas Cena
- Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics Service, Unit of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, ICS Maugeri IRCCS, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Giuseppe D’Antona
- Centro di Ricerca Interdipartimentale nelle Attività Motorie e Sportive (CRIAMS)—Sport Medicine Centre, University of Pavia, Voghera, Italy
- Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
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17
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Asbaghi O, Sadeghian M, Nazarian B, Sarreshtedari M, Mozaffari-Khosravi H, Maleki V, Alizadeh M, Shokri A, Sadeghi O. The effect of vitamin E supplementation on selected inflammatory biomarkers in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. Sci Rep 2020; 10:17234. [PMID: 33057114 PMCID: PMC7560744 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-73741-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The previous meta-analysis of clinical trials revealed a beneficial effect of vitamin E supplementation on serum C-reactive protein (CRP) concentrations; however, it is unknown whether this vitamin has the same influence on other inflammatory biomarkers. Also, several clinical trials have been published since the release of earlier meta-analysis. Therefore, we aimed to conduct a comprehensive meta-analysis to summarize current evidence on the effects of vitamin E supplementation on inflammatory biomarkers in adults. We searched the online databases using relevant keywords up to November 2019. Randomized clinical trials (RCTs) investigating the effect of vitamin E, compared with the placebo, on serum concentrations of inflammatory cytokines were included. Overall, we included 33 trials with a total sample size of 2102 individuals, aged from 20 to 70 years. Based on 36 effect sizes from 26 RCTs on serum concentrations of CRP, we found a significant reduction following supplementation with vitamin E (− 0.52, 95% CI − 0.80, − 0.23 mg/L, P < 0.001). Although the overall effect of vitamin E supplementation on serum concentrations of interleukin-6 (IL-6) was not significant, a significant reduction in this cytokine was seen in studies that used α-tocopherol and those trials that included patients with disorders related to insulin resistance. Moreover, we found a significant reducing effect of vitamin E supplementation on tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) concentrations at high dosages of vitamin E; such that based on dose–response analysis, serum TNF-α concentrations were reduced significantly at the dosages of ≥ 700 mg/day vitamin E (Pnon-linearity = 0.001). Considering different chemical forms of vitamin E, α-tocopherol, unlike other forms, had a reducing effect on serum levels of CRP and IL-6. In conclusion, our findings revealed a beneficial effect of vitamin E supplementation, particularly in the form of α-tocopherol, on subclinical inflammation in adults. Future high-quality RCTs should be conducted to translate this anti-inflammatory effect of vitamin E to the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omid Asbaghi
- Nutritional Health Research Center, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Mehdi Sadeghian
- Student Research Committee, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.,Department of Nutrition, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Science, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Behzad Nazarian
- Nutritional Health Research Center, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | | | - Hassan Mozaffari-Khosravi
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Vahid Maleki
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Nutrition Research Center, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Alizadeh
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran. .,Nutrition Research Center, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Azad Shokri
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran.,Gerash University of Medical Sciences, Gerash, Iran
| | - Omid Sadeghi
- Students' Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. .,Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 14155-6117, Tehran, Iran.
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18
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Park H, Kang J, Choi J, Heo S, Lee DH. The Effect of High Dose Intravenous Vitamin C During Radiotherapy on Breast Cancer Patients' Neutrophil-Lymphocyte Ratio. J Altern Complement Med 2020; 26:1039-1046. [PMID: 32876471 DOI: 10.1089/acm.2020.0138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Breast cancer is very common, and the incidence is growing every year. Most breast cancers are treated with radiation after surgery. As a side effect of radiation therapy, inflammation, as well as the neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), level increases. However, high NLR levels act as independent prognostic factors for increased mortality in all cancers. In this study, the authors investigated whether administration of vitamin C, which is effective in suppressing inflammation, may help to reduce high levels of NLR produced by radiation therapy. Methods: This study was performed retrospectively among 424 patients who were diagnosed with breast cancer and were treated with postoperative radiotherapy at Kosin University Gospel Hospital from January 2011 to December 2017. Among them, 354 patients received radiation therapy without vitamin C (the control group), and 70 experimental patients received vitamin C intravenously twice a week for at least 4 weeks during radiation therapy. The experimental group was divided into two groups according to the dose administrated: a low-dose vitamin C group (less than 1 g/kg, 52 patients) and a high-dose vitamin C group (more than 1 g/kg, 18 patients). The authors conducted three NLR measurements: before and after radiation therapy and at 3 months after radiation therapy; the authors then compared the change in NLR over time between the groups using repeated measures analysis of variance. Results: In the control group and the low-dose vitamin C-administered group, NLR was increased at the endpoint compared to before the radiotherapy, whereas NLR values in the high-dose vitamin C group were 8.4 ± 1.7, 5.9 ± 1.3, and 4.3 ± 1.5, showing a continuous decrease and a statistically significant difference (pinteraction = 0.033). These results were similarly observed in models adjusted by the patient's age and American Joint Committee on Cancer stage, with borderline significance (pinteraction = 0.065). Conclusions: Elevated NLR, a measure of systemic inflammation, has been associated with higher mortality cancer patients, including breast cancer patients. In this observational study, NLR was significantly decreased during radiation therapy in patients administered high-dose vitamin C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunwoo Park
- Department of Family Medicine, Kosin University Gospel Hospital, Kosin University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihun Kang
- Department of Family Medicine, Kosin University Gospel Hospital, Kosin University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jongsoon Choi
- Department of Family Medicine, Kosin University Gospel Hospital, Kosin University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Somi Heo
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Duk-Hee Lee
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
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19
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Dzobo K, Chiririwa H, Dandara C, Dzobo W. Coronavirus Disease-2019 Treatment Strategies Targeting Interleukin-6 Signaling and Herbal Medicine. OMICS-A JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE BIOLOGY 2020; 25:13-22. [PMID: 32857671 DOI: 10.1089/omi.2020.0122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is evolving across the world and new treatments are urgently needed as with vaccines to prevent the illness and stem the contagion. The virus affects not only the lungs but also other tissues, thus lending support to the idea that COVID-19 is a systemic disease. The current vaccine and treatment development strategies ought to consider such systems medicine perspectives rather than a narrower focus on the lung infection only. COVID-19 is associated with elevated levels of the inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-10, and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ). Elevated levels of cytokines and the cytokine storm have been linked to fatal disease. This suggests new therapeutic strategies through blocking the cytokine storm. IL-6 is one of the major cytokines associated with the cytokine storm. IL-6 is also known to display pleiotropic/diverse pathophysiological effects. We suggest the blockage of IL-6 signaling and its downstream mediators such as Janus kinases (JAKs), and signal transducer and activators of transcription (STATs) offer potential hope for the treatment of severe cases of COVID-19. Thus, repurposing of already approved IL-6-JAK-STAT signaling inhibitors as well as other anti-inflammatory drugs, including dexamethasone, is under development for severe COVID-19 cases. We conclude this expert review by highlighting the potential role of precision herbal medicines, for example, the Cannabis sativa, provided that omics technologies can be utilized to build a robust scientific evidence base on their clinical safety and efficacy. Precision herbal medicine buttressed by omics systems science would also help identify new molecular targets for drug discovery against COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Dzobo
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Cape Town, South Africa.,Division of Medical Biochemistry and Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Harry Chiririwa
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Vaal University of Technology, Vanderbijlpark, South Africa
| | - Collet Dandara
- Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pathology, Institute for Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Witness Dzobo
- Immunology Department, Pathology, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom.,Faculty of Science, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, United Kingdom
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20
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Maternal biomarker patterns for metabolism and inflammation in pregnancy are influenced by multiple micronutrient supplementation and associated with child biomarker patterns and nutritional status at 9-12 years of age. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0216848. [PMID: 32764747 PMCID: PMC7413500 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0216848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Maternal nutritional status influences fetal development and long-term risk for adult non-communicable diseases. However, the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. We examined whether biomarkers for metabolism and inflammation during pregnancy were associated with maternal health and with child biomarkers and health at 9-12 years of age in 44 maternal-child dyads from the Supplementation with Multiple Micronutrients Intervention Trial (SUMMIT, ISRCTN34151616) in Lombok, Indonesia. Archived blood for each dyad from maternal enrollment, later in pregnancy, postpartum, and from children at 9-12 years comprised 132 specimens. Multiplex microbead immunoassays were used to quantify vitamin D-binding protein (D), adiponectin (A), retinol-binding protein 4 (R), C-reactive protein (C), and leptin (L). Principal component analysis (PCA) revealed distinct variance patterns, i.e. principal components (PC), for baseline pregnancy, bp.pc1.D↓A↓R↓ and bp.pc2.C↓L↑; combined follow-up during pregnancy and postpartum, dp-pp.pc1.D↑↓A↑R↑↓L↓ and dp-pp.pc2.A↑C↑L↑; and children, ch.pc1.D↑R↑C↑ and ch.pc2.D↓A↑L↑. Maternal multiple micronutrient (MMN) supplementation led to an association of baseline maternal bp.pc2.C↓L↑ with decreased post-supplementation maternal dp-pp.pc2.A↑C↑L↑ (p = 0.022), which was in turn associated with both increased child ch.pc1.D↑R↑C↑ (p = 0.036) and decreased child BMI z-score (BMIZ) (p = 0.022). Further analyses revealed an association between maternal dp-pp.pc1.D↑↓A↑R↑↓L↓ and increased child BMIZ (p = 0.036). Child ch.pc1.D↑R↑C↑ was associated with decreased birth weight (p = 0.036) and increased child BMIZ (p = 0.002). Child ch.pc2.D↓A↑L↑ was associated with increased child BMIZ (p = 0.005), decreased maternal height (p = 0.030) and girls (p = 0.002). A pattern of elevated maternal adiponectin and leptin in pregnancy was associated with increased C-reactive protein, vitamin A, and D binding proteins pattern in children, suggesting biomarkers acting in concert may have qualitative as well as quantitative influence beyond single biomarker effects. Patterns in pregnancy proximal to birth were more associated with child status. In addition, child patterns were more associated with child status, particularly child BMI. MMN supplementation affects maternal biomarker patterns of metabolism and inflammation in pregnancy, and potentially in the child. However, child nutrition conditions after birth may have a greater impact on metabolism and inflammation.
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21
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Stancioiu F, Papadakis GZ, Kteniadakis S, Izotov BN, Coleman MD, Spandidos DA, Tsatsakis A. A dissection of SARS‑CoV2 with clinical implications (Review). Int J Mol Med 2020; 46:489-508. [PMID: 32626922 PMCID: PMC7307812 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2020.4636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
We are being confronted with the most consequential pandemic since the Spanish flu of 1918‑1920 to the extent that never before have 4 billion people quarantined simultaneously; to address this global challenge we bring to the forefront the options for medical treatment and summarize SARS‑CoV2 structure and functions, immune responses and known treatments. Based on literature and our own experience we propose new interventions, including the use of amiodarone, simvastatin, pioglitazone and curcumin. In mild infections (sore throat, cough) we advocate prompt local treatment for the naso‑pharynx (inhalations; aerosols; nebulizers); for moderate to severe infections we propose a tried‑and‑true treatment: the combination of arginine and ascorbate, administered orally or intravenously. The material is organized in three sections: i) Clinical aspects of COVID‑19; acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS); known treatments; ii) Structure and functions of SARS‑CoV2 and proposed antiviral drugs; iii) The combination of arginine‑ascorbate.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Boris Nikovaevich Izotov
- Department of Analytical and Forensic Medical Toxicology, Sechenov University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Michael D. Coleman
- School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, B4 7ET Birmingham, UK
| | | | - Aristidis Tsatsakis
- Department of Analytical and Forensic Medical Toxicology, Sechenov University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Department of Forensic Sciences and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
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22
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Asbaghi O, Sadeghian M, Sadeghi O, Rigi S, Tan SC, Shokri A, Mousavi SM. Effects of saffron (
Crocus sativus
L.) supplementation on inflammatory biomarkers: A systematic review and meta‐analysis. Phytother Res 2020; 35:20-32. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Omid Asbaghi
- Nutritional Health Research Center Lorestan University of Medical Sciences Khorramabad Iran
| | - Mehdi Sadeghian
- Student Research Committee Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences Ahvaz Iran
| | - Omid Sadeghi
- Department of Community Nutrition School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Somaye Rigi
- Department of Community Nutrition School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Shing Cheng Tan
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
| | - Azad Shokri
- Department of Nursing Gerash University of Medical Sciences Gerash Iran
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences Sanandaj Iran
| | - Seyed Mohammad Mousavi
- Department of Community Nutrition School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
- Students' Scientific Research Center Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
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23
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Welch AA, Jennings A, Kelaiditi E, Skinner J, Steves CJ. Cross-Sectional Associations Between Dietary Antioxidant Vitamins C, E and Carotenoid Intakes and Sarcopenic Indices in Women Aged 18-79 Years. Calcif Tissue Int 2020; 106:331-342. [PMID: 31813016 PMCID: PMC7072069 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-019-00641-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of sarcopenia is increasing in aging populations, so prevention is critical. Vitamins (A, C, E and carotenoids) modify skeletal muscle via protein and collagen synthesis and anti-inflammatory activities. Previous studies have not investigated intake of these vitamins in relation to sarcopenic indices in both younger and older-aged women. Indices of skeletal muscle mass (as fat-free mass (FFM) relative to body size) were measured using DXA and leg explosive power (LEP) using the Nottingham Power Rig in 2570 women aged 18-79 years. Adjusted measures of skeletal muscle were calculated according to quintiles of vitamin C, E, retinol and carotenoid intake, derived from Food Frequency Questionnaires, after stratification by age. Higher vitamin C intake was associated with significantly higher indices of FFM and LEP, (Q5-Q1 = 2.0-12.8%, P < 0.01-0.02). Intakes of total and individual carotenoids were significantly associated with indices of FFM and LEP (Q5-Q1 = 1.0-7.5%). Vitamin E was significantly associated with FFM% and FFMBMI only. In mutually adjusted analysis with vitamin C, total carotene, vitamin E and protein in the model, the strongest associations were with vitamin C. These associations were stronger in younger women (< 65 years). For the first time, our research shows higher dietary intakes of antioxidant vitamins, particularly vitamin C, is associated with higher skeletal muscle mass and power in free-living women. These findings have relevance for the treatment and prevention of frailty and sarcopenia throughout adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Welch
- Department of Epidemiology & Public Health, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, Norfolk, NR4 7TJ, UK.
| | - A Jennings
- Department of Epidemiology & Public Health, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, Norfolk, NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - E Kelaiditi
- Department of Epidemiology & Public Health, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, Norfolk, NR4 7TJ, UK
- Faculty of Sport, Health and Applied Science, St Mary's University, Waldegrave Road, Twickenham, London, TW1 4SX, UK
| | - J Skinner
- Department of Epidemiology & Public Health, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, Norfolk, NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - C J Steves
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College, London, UK
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Safabakhsh M, Emami MR, Zeinali Khosroshahi M, Asbaghi O, Khodayari S, Khorshidi M, Alizadeh S, Viri EH. Vitamin C supplementation and C-reactive protein levels: Findings from a systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials. JOURNAL OF COMPLEMENTARY & INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE 2020; 17:/j/jcim.ahead-of-print/jcim-2019-0151/jcim-2019-0151.xml. [PMID: 32229693 DOI: 10.1515/jcim-2019-0151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Background and purpose C-reactive protein (CRP) is an inflammatory biomarker which prognosticates cardiovascular disease. Previous studies have reached mixed conclusions regarding the effect of vitamin C on reducing CRP or hs-CRP level. The present systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to resolve these inconsistencies. Materials and methods: Related articles published up to August 2018 were searched through PubMed, Scopus, Ovid, ISI web of science, Embase, and Cochrane databases by relevant keywords. Clinical trials which examined the effect of either vitamin C supplementation or vitamin C-enriched foods on CRP and hs-CRP levels were included. A total of 11 studies with 14 data sets involving 818 subjects were included. Results Overall, the pooled analysis revealed that vitamin C could decrease CRP level relative to placebo group (Weighted mean difference [WMD]=-0.73 mg/L: 95% CI: -1.30 to -0.15, p=0.013) with a considerable heterogeneity (I2=98%, p<0.001). Moreover, subgroup analyses revealed that the beneficial effect of vitamin C on CRP level alternation only was found in male (p=0.003), non-smoker (p=0.041), healthy (p=0.029) and younger participants (p=0.010). Vitamin C could improve CRP level only at doses of less than 500 mg/day (p=0.009). Regarding hs-CRP changes, the pooled analysis did not show any significant effect of vitamin C (WMD=-0.65 mg/L: 95% CI: -2.03 to 0.72, p=0.35). This finding was confirmed by all subgroup analyses expect for high quality articles in which hs-CRP level was elevated after vitamin C supplementation (p=0.026). Conclusion In conclusion, supplementation with vitamin C might have a significant effect only on CRP reduction. Further studies are needed to confirm this effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Safabakhsh
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Emami
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Omid Asbaghi
- Lorestan University, Khurramabad, Lorestan, Iran
| | | | - Masoud Khorshidi
- School of Nutrition and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahab Alizadeh
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Elmira Heidari Viri
- Department of Nutrition & Dietetic, Faculty of Medicine Islamic Azad University, Science & Research Branch, Tehran, Iran
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Gu X, Luo X, Wang Y, He Z, Li X, Wu K, Zhang Y, Yang Y, Ji J, Luo X. Ascorbic acid attenuates cell stress by activating the fibroblast growth factor 21/fibroblast growth factor receptor 2/adiponectin pathway in HepG2 cells. Mol Med Rep 2019; 20:2450-2458. [PMID: 31322211 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.10457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing prevalence of obesity‑induced non‑alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and non‑alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) has been reported. Ascorbic acid (AA), also known as vitamin C, an excellent antioxidant, has been shown to exert beneficial effects on NAFLD; however, the underlying mechanisms are yet to be fully elucidated. In the present study, the role of AA on cell stress in tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα)‑treated HepG2 cells was investigated. Our findings revealed that exposure to AA effectively ameliorated TNFα‑induced cell stresses, including hypoxia, inflammation and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress by reducing the expression of Hif1α and its target genes (glucose transporter 1), pro‑inflammatory genes (monocyte chemoattractant 1) and ER stress‑related genes (glucose‑regulated protein, 78 kDa). AA also decreased the protein level of HIF1α. Additionally, AA significantly increased the secretion of total adiponectin and high molecular weight (HMW) adiponectin. Mechanistically, AA was determined to increase the expression of fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) and its receptor, fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 (FGFR2). Knockdown of FGFR2 not only decreased the levels of total adiponectin and HMW adiponectin, but almost abolished the beneficial effects of AA in ameliorating cell stress. Collectively, the findings of our study demonstrated that AA may attenuate hepatocyte stress induced by TNFα via activation of the FGF21/FGFR2/adiponectin pathway. This could a novel mechanism of action of AA, and its potential for the treatment of NAFLD/NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinqian Gu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Xiao Luo
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Yanxin Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Zhangya He
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Xiaomin Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Kunjin Wu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Yifan Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Yafeng Yang
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Xian Yang Central Hospital, Xianyang, Shaanxi 712000, P.R. China
| | - Jing Ji
- Department of Obstetrics, Northwest Women and Children Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoqin Luo
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
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Ulfig A, Schulz AV, Müller A, Lupilov N, Leichert LI. N-chlorination mediates protective and immunomodulatory effects of oxidized human plasma proteins. eLife 2019; 8:47395. [PMID: 31298656 PMCID: PMC6650281 DOI: 10.7554/elife.47395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypochlorous acid (HOCl), a powerful antimicrobial oxidant, is produced by neutrophils to fight infections. Here, we show that N-chlorination, induced by HOCl concentrations encountered at sites of inflammation, converts blood plasma proteins into chaperone-like holdases that protect other proteins from aggregation. This chaperone-like conversion was reversible by antioxidants and was abrogated by prior methylation of basic amino acids. Furthermore, reversible N-chlorination of basic amino acid side chains is the major factor that converts plasma proteins into efficient activators of immune cells. Finally, HOCl-modified serum albumin was found to act as a pro-survival molecule that protects neutrophils from cell death induced by highly immunogenic foreign antigens. We propose that activation and enhanced persistence of neutrophils mediated by HOCl-modified plasma proteins, resulting in the increased and prolonged generation of ROS, including HOCl, constitutes a potentially detrimental positive feedback loop that can only be attenuated through the reversible nature of the modification involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnes Ulfig
- Institute of Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry - Microbial Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Anton V Schulz
- Institute of Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry - Microbial Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Alexandra Müller
- Institute of Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry - Microbial Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Natalie Lupilov
- Institute of Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry - Microbial Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Lars I Leichert
- Institute of Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry - Microbial Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
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27
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Xi D. Vitamin C in Cancer Therapeutics and Metastasis. JOURNAL OF ORTHOPEDIC RESEARCH AND THERAPY 2019; 10:1127. [PMID: 31179437 PMCID: PMC6553485 DOI: 10.29011/2575-8241.001127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
There have been significant increased publications of preclinical studies and clinical trials of vitamin C (ascorbate) on cancer therapeutics in the past a few years. In this communication reflecting my personal opinions, I will highlight the main points of current research status; discuss impacts of vitamin C on immune cell function and inflammation at tumor microenvironment, and tumor metastasis; and propose stimulating questions and direction for future research in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Xi
- National Cancer Institute, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis,
Office of Cancer Complementary and Alternative Medicine, Rockville, USA
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28
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Bernstein JE, Savla P, Dong F, Zampella B, Wiginton JG, Miulli DE, Wacker MR, Menoni R. Inflammatory Markers and Severity of Intracerebral Hemorrhage. Cureus 2018; 10:e3529. [PMID: 30613458 PMCID: PMC6314395 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.3529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and purpose The pathogenesis of brain injury after intracerebral hemorrhage is thought to be due to mechanical damage followed by ischemic, cytotoxic, and inflammatory changes in the underlying and surrounding tissue.In recent years, there has been a greater research interest into the various inflammatory biomarkers and growth factors that are secreted during intracerebral hemorrhage. The biomarkers investigated in this study are tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha), C-reactive protein (CRP), homocysteine (Hcy), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). The aim of this study was to further investigate the effects of these biomarkers in predicting the acute severity outcome of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). Methods We conducted a retrospective chart review of patients with spontaneous ICH with TNF alpha, CRP, VEGF, and Hcy levels drawn on admission. Forty-two patients with spontaneous ICH with at least one of the above labs were included in the study. Primary outcomes included death, Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) on admission, early neurologic decline (END), and hemorrhage size. Secondary outcomes included GCS on discharge, ICH score, functional outcome risk stratification scale of intracerebral hemorrhage (FUNC score), change in hemorrhage size, need for surgical intervention, and length of intensive care unit (ICU) stay. Results Forty-two patients with spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) were analyzed, 12 patients (28.5%) required surgical intervention, and four patients (9.5%) died. Only low VEGF serum values were found to predict mortality. TNF alpha, CRP, Hcy, and VEGF levels in our patients with ICH were not found to predict early neurologic decline and were not correlated with GCS on admission, initial hemorrhage size, change in hemorrhage size, need for surgical intervention, ICH score, FUNC score, midline shift, and length of ICU stay. CRP and Hcy were elevated in 58% and 31% of patients tested, respectively. GCS on admission and ICH score were significantly associated with mortality. Conclusion After careful statistical review of the data obtained from this patient population, only low VEGF values were found to be a significant predictor of mortality. However, elevated CRP and Hcy levels were associated with a non-significant trend in hemorrhage size and mortality suggesting that CRP and Hcy-lowering therapies may decrease hemorrhagic stroke risk and severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob E Bernstein
- Neurosurgery, Riverside University Health System Medical Center, Moreno Valley, USA
| | - Paras Savla
- Osteopathy, College of Osteopathic Medicine - Touro University, Vallejo, USA
| | - Fanglong Dong
- Clinical Research, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, USA
| | - Bailey Zampella
- Neurosurgery, Riverside University Health System Medical Center, Moreno Valley, USA
| | - James G Wiginton
- Neurosurgery, Riverside University Health System Medical Center, Moreno Valley, USA
| | - Dan E Miulli
- Neurosurgery, Riverside University Health System Medical Center, Moreno Valley, USA
| | - Margaret R Wacker
- Neurosurgery, Riverside University Health System Medical Center, Moreno Valley, USA
| | - Rosalinda Menoni
- Neurosurgery, Riverside University Health System Medical Center, Moreno Valley, USA
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29
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Bafor EE, Onwukpa I, Itemire AO, Omoruyi O, Eferoba-Idio E, Odega K, Eghianruwa OJ. Amelioration ofEscherichia coli-induced endometritis with ascorbic acid in non-pregnant mouse models. Am J Reprod Immunol 2018; 80:e12976. [DOI: 10.1111/aji.12976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Enitome Evi Bafor
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology; University of Benin; Benin City Edo State Nigeria
| | - Ikechukwu Onwukpa
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology; University of Benin; Benin City Edo State Nigeria
| | - Anne Oghenekevwe Itemire
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology; Faculty of Pharmacy; University of Benin; Benin City Edo State Nigeria
| | - Osemelomen Omoruyi
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology; University of Benin; Benin City Edo State Nigeria
| | | | - Kevin Odega
- Department of Histopathology and Morbid Anatomy; University of Benin Teaching Hospital; Benin City Nigeria
| | - Osas Jim Eghianruwa
- Department of Anatomy; School of Basic Medical Sciences; University of Benin; Benin City Nigeria
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30
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Izadi V, Haghighatdoost F, Moosavian P, Azadbakht L. Effect of Low-Energy-Dense Diet Rich in Multiple Functional Foods on Weight-Loss Maintenance, Inflammation, and Cardiovascular Risk Factors: A Randomized Controlled Trial. J Am Coll Nutr 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/07315724.2017.1412275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vajihe Izadi
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Fahimeh Haghighatdoost
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Parisa Moosavian
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Leila Azadbakht
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Diabetes Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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31
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Thomas-Valdés S, Tostes MDGV, Anunciação PC, da Silva BP, Sant'Ana HMP. Association between vitamin deficiency and metabolic disorders related to obesity. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2018; 57:3332-3343. [PMID: 26745150 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2015.1117413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Inappropriate food behavior contributes to obesity and leads to vitamin deficiency. This review discusses the nutritional status of water- and fat-soluble vitamins in obese subjects. We verified that most vitamins are deficient in obese individuals, especially the fat-soluble vitamins, folic acid, vitamin B12 and vitamin C. However, some vitamins have been less evaluated in cases of obesity. The adipose tissue is considered a metabolic and endocrine organ, which in excess leads to changes in body homeostasis, as well as vitamin deficiency which can aggravate the pathological state. Therefore, the evaluation of vitamin status is of fundamental importance in obese individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samanta Thomas-Valdés
- a Escuela de Nutrición y Dietética, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud , Universidad de Talca , Talca , Chile
| | - Maria das Graças V Tostes
- b Center of Agrarian Sciences , Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo , Alegre , Espírito Santo , Brazil
| | - Pamella C Anunciação
- c Department of Nutrition and Health , Universidade Federal de Viçosa , Viçosa , Minas Gerais , Brazil
| | - Bárbara P da Silva
- c Department of Nutrition and Health , Universidade Federal de Viçosa , Viçosa , Minas Gerais , Brazil
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32
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Vitamin C Status Correlates with Markers of Metabolic and Cognitive Health in 50-Year-Olds: Findings of the CHALICE Cohort Study. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9080831. [PMID: 28771190 PMCID: PMC5579624 DOI: 10.3390/nu9080831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Revised: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A cohort of 50-year-olds from Canterbury, New Zealand (N = 404), representative of midlife adults, undertook comprehensive health and dietary assessments. Fasting plasma vitamin C concentrations (N = 369) and dietary vitamin C intake (N = 250) were determined. The mean plasma vitamin C concentration was 44.2 µmol/L (95% CI 42.4, 46.0); 62% of the cohort had inadequate plasma vitamin C concentrations (i.e., <50 µmol/L), 13% of the cohort had hypovitaminosis C (i.e., <23 µmol/L), and 2.4% had plasma vitamin C concentrations indicating deficiency (i.e., <11 µmol/L). Men had a lower mean plasma vitamin C concentration than women, and a higher percentage of vitamin C inadequacy and deficiency. A higher prevalence of hypovitaminosis C and deficiency was observed in those of lower socio-economic status and in current smokers. Adults with higher vitamin C levels exhibited lower weight, BMI and waist circumference, and better measures of metabolic health, including HbA1c, insulin and triglycerides, all risk factors for type 2 diabetes. Lower levels of mild cognitive impairment were observed in those with the highest plasma vitamin C concentrations. Plasma vitamin C showed a stronger correlation with markers of metabolic health and cognitive impairment than dietary vitamin C.
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33
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Pullar JM, Carr AC, Bozonet SM, Rosengrave P, Kettle AJ, Vissers MCM. Elevated seminal plasma myeloperoxidase is associated with a decreased sperm concentration in young men. Andrology 2017; 5:431-438. [DOI: 10.1111/andr.12327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Revised: 11/20/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. M. Pullar
- Centre for Free Radical Research; Department of Pathology; University of Otago, Christchurch; Christchurch New Zealand
| | - A. C. Carr
- Centre for Free Radical Research; Department of Pathology; University of Otago, Christchurch; Christchurch New Zealand
| | - S. M. Bozonet
- Centre for Free Radical Research; Department of Pathology; University of Otago, Christchurch; Christchurch New Zealand
| | - P. Rosengrave
- Allan Wilson Centre for Molecular Ecology and Evolution; Department of Anatomy; University of Otago; Dunedin New Zealand
| | - A. J. Kettle
- Centre for Free Radical Research; Department of Pathology; University of Otago, Christchurch; Christchurch New Zealand
| | - M. C. M. Vissers
- Centre for Free Radical Research; Department of Pathology; University of Otago, Christchurch; Christchurch New Zealand
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Ellulu MS. Obesity, cardiovascular disease, and role of vitamin C on inflammation: a review of facts and underlying mechanisms. Inflammopharmacology 2017; 25:313-328. [PMID: 28168552 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-017-0314-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Obesity means the accumulation of excessive fat that may interfere with the maintenance of optimal state of health. Obesity causes cardiac and vascular disease through well-known mediators such as hypertension, type-2 diabetes mellitus, and dyslipidemia, but there are evidences for other mediators such as chronic inflammation, oxidative stress, and thrombosis. The decreased levels of antioxidants factors and nitric oxide predispose to further cardiovascular adverse events. To reduce the risks, antioxidants can help by neutralizing the free radicals and protecting from damage by donating electrons. Having the capacity, vitamin C protects from oxidative stress, prevention of non-enzymatic glycosylation of proteins, and enhances arterial dilation through its effect on nitric oxide release. It also decreases lipid peroxidation, and alleviates inflammation. The anti-inflammatory property of vitamin C could be attributed to ability to modulate the NF-kB DNA binding activity and down-regulation in the hepatic mRNA expression for the interleukins and tumor factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed S Ellulu
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia. .,Clinical Nutrition Specialist, Gaza, Palestine.
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Prenatal phthalate exposure and 8-isoprostane among Mexican-American children with high prevalence of obesity. J Dev Orig Health Dis 2016; 8:196-205. [PMID: 28031075 DOI: 10.1017/s2040174416000763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress has been linked to many obesity-related conditions among children including cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus and hypertension. Exposure to environmental chemicals such as phthalates, ubiquitously found in humans, may also generate reactive oxygen species and subsequent oxidative stress. We examined longitudinal changes of 8-isoprostane urinary concentrations, a validated biomarker of oxidative stress, and associations with maternal prenatal urinary concentrations of phthalate metabolites for 258 children at 5, 9 and 14 years of age participating in a birth cohort residing in an agricultural area in California. Phthalates are endocrine disruptors, and in utero exposure has been also linked to altered lipid metabolism, as well as adverse birth and neurodevelopmental outcomes. We found that median creatinine-corrected 8-isoprostane concentrations remained constant across all age groups and did not differ by sex. Total cholesterol, systolic and diastolic blood pressure were positively associated with 8-isoprostane in 14-year-old children. No associations were observed between 8-isoprostane and body mass index (BMI), BMI Z-score or waist circumference at any age. Concentrations of three metabolites of high molecular weight phthalates measured at 13 weeks of gestation (monobenzyl, monocarboxyoctyl and monocarboxynonyl phthalates) were negatively associated with 8-isoprostane concentrations among 9-year olds. However, at 14 years of age, isoprostane concentrations were positively associated with two other metabolites (mono(2-ethylhexyl) and mono(2-ethyl-5-carboxypentyl) phthalates) measured in early pregnancy. Longitudinal data on 8-isoprostane in this pediatric population with a high prevalence of obesity provides new insight on certain potential cardiometabolic risks of prenatal exposure to phthalates.
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36
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de la Iglesia R, Loria-Kohen V, Zulet MA, Martinez JA, Reglero G, Ramirez de Molina A. Dietary Strategies Implicated in the Prevention and Treatment of Metabolic Syndrome. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:E1877. [PMID: 27834920 PMCID: PMC5133877 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17111877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2016] [Revised: 10/07/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is established as the combination of central obesity and different metabolic disturbances, such as insulin resistance, hypertension and dyslipidemia. This cluster of factors affects approximately 10%-50% of adults worldwide and the prevalence has been increasing in epidemic proportions over the last years. Thus, dietary strategies to treat this heterogenic disease are under continuous study. In this sense, diets based on negative-energy-balance, the Mediterranean dietary pattern, n-3 fatty acids, total antioxidant capacity and meal frequency have been suggested as effective approaches to treat MetS. Furthermore, the type and percentage of carbohydrates, the glycemic index or glycemic load, and dietary fiber content are some of the most relevant aspects related to insulin resistance and impaired glucose tolerance, which are important co-morbidities of MetS. Finally, new studies focused on the molecular action of specific nutritional bioactive compounds with positive effects on the MetS are currently an objective of scientific research worldwide. The present review summarizes some of the most relevant dietary approaches and bioactive compounds employed in the treatment of the MetS to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocio de la Iglesia
- GENYAL Platform on Nutrition and Health, IMDEA Food Institute, CEI UAM + CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Viviana Loria-Kohen
- GENYAL Platform on Nutrition and Health, IMDEA Food Institute, CEI UAM + CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Maria Angeles Zulet
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBERobn), 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Jose Alfredo Martinez
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBERobn), 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Guillermo Reglero
- GENYAL Platform on Nutrition and Health, IMDEA Food Institute, CEI UAM + CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Ana Ramirez de Molina
- GENYAL Platform on Nutrition and Health, IMDEA Food Institute, CEI UAM + CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
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Inverse association linking serum levels of potential antioxidant vitamins with C-reactive protein levels using a novel analytical approach. Br J Nutr 2016; 116:1256-1264. [PMID: 27620205 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114516003159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Exposures to antioxidants (AO) are associated with levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), but the pattern of evidence is mixed, due in part to studying each potential AO, one at a time, when multiple AO exposures might affect CRP levels. By studying multiple AO via a composite indicator approach, we estimate the degree to which serum CRP level is associated with serum AO level. Standardised field survey protocols for the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2003-2006 yielded nationally representative cross-sectional samples of adults aged 20 years and older (n 8841). NHANES latex-enhanced nephelometry quantified serum CRP levels. Liquid chromatography quantified serum concentrations of vitamins A, E and C and carotenoids. Using structural equations, we regressed CRP level on AO levels, and derived a summary estimate for a composite of these potential antioxidants (CPA), with covariates held constant. The association linking CPA with CRP was inverse, stronger for slightly elevated CRP (1·8≤CRP<10 mg/l; slope= -1·08; 95 % CI -1·39, -0·77) and weaker for highly elevated CRP (≥10 mg/l; slope= -0·52; 95 % CI -0·68, -0·35), with little change when covariates were added. Vitamins A and C, as well as lutein+zeaxanthin, were prominent contributors to the composite. In these cross-sectional data studied via a composite indicator approach, the CPA level and the CRP level were inversely related. The stage is set for more confirmatory longitudinal or intervention research on multiple vitamins. The composite indicator approach might be most useful in epidemiology when several exposure constructs are too weakly inter-correlated to be studied via formal measurement models for underlying latent dimensions.
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Sweazea KL, Johnston CS, Knurick J, Bliss CD. Plant-Based Nutraceutical Increases Plasma Catalase Activity in Healthy Participants: A Small Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Proof of Concept Trial. J Diet Suppl 2016; 14:200-213. [PMID: 27715348 DOI: 10.1080/19390211.2016.1207742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress resulting from dietary, lifestyle and environmental factors is strongly associated with tissue damage and aging. It occurs when there is either an overproduction of reactive oxygen species (i.e., oxidants) or decreased bioavailability of antioxidants that can scavenge them. The objective of this 12-week double-blind placebo-controlled study was to assess the efficacy of a nutraceutical at augmenting antioxidant status. Healthy adults (25-45 y) were randomized to either a treatment group (Product B, n = 23) or a placebo group (control, n = 20). No significant effect of Product B was observed for anthropometric variables or markers of glucose and lipid regulation. Biomarkers of oxidative stress were likewise not altered following the 12-week intervention. Plasma catalase concentrations were significantly elevated following 12 weeks of Product B as compared to the control group (+6.1 vs. -10.3 nmol/min/mL, p = 0.038), whereas other measures of antioxidant capacity were not significantly different between the groups. Product B effectively augmented concentrations of the anti-aging antioxidant catalase in healthy adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen L Sweazea
- a School of Nutrition and Health Promotion , Arizona State University , Tempe , AZ , USA.,b School of Life Sciences , Arizona State University , Tempe , AZ , USA
| | - Carol S Johnston
- a School of Nutrition and Health Promotion , Arizona State University , Tempe , AZ , USA
| | - Jessica Knurick
- a School of Nutrition and Health Promotion , Arizona State University , Tempe , AZ , USA
| | - Courtney D Bliss
- a School of Nutrition and Health Promotion , Arizona State University , Tempe , AZ , USA
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Yang TC, Duthie GG, Aucott LS, Macdonald HM. Vitamin E homologues α- and γ-tocopherol are not associated with bone turnover markers or bone mineral density in peri-menopausal and post-menopausal women. Osteoporos Int 2016; 27:2281-2290. [PMID: 27139906 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-015-3470-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2015] [Accepted: 12/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED In a large cohort of older women, we investigated the relationships that different forms of vitamin E may have with bone turnover markers and bone mineral density (BMD). We found a suggestive positive association between serum alpha-tocopherol and BMD at the femoral neck, but no other clinically relevant observations. INTRODUCTION Vitamin E has anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties hypothesized to benefit bone, but limited studies exist regarding its homologues. We examined circulating and dietary α- and γ-tocopherols with bone turnover markers (BTMs) and bone mineral density (BMD), and the role of inflammation in this relationship. METHODS We performed two cross-sectional analyses from two visits (V2, 1997-1999, n = 3883; V3, 2007-2011, n = 2130) of the Aberdeen Prospective Osteoporosis Screening Study. Dietary and supplement intakes by food frequency questionnaire were assessed at both visits. V2 BTMs (urinary free pyridinoline and deoxypyridinoline, serum N-terminal propeptide of type 1 collagen) and V3 serum α- and γ-tocopherols, inflammatory markers (interleukin-6 [IL-6], serum amyloid A [SAA], high-sensitivity C-reactive protein [hs-CRP], E-selectin) and dual X-ray absorptiometry BMD at the femoral neck and lumbar spine were collected. Food sources of tocopherol homologues and diet-serum correlations were determined. The relationships between dietary tocopherols and BTMs (V2), and dietary and serum tocopherols with BMD (V3) were examined by multivariable regression (adjusting for age, cholesterol, inflammatory markers, carotenoids, body mass index, physical activity level, alcohol intake, smoking status and national deprivation category). RESULTS Serum γ-tocopherol was associated with increasing concentrations of hs-CRP, SAA and E-selectin (P-trend all <0.0001), while α-tocopherol was associated with decreasing concentrations of IL-6 and hs-CRP (P-trend all <0.001). Controlling for covariates, serum α-tocopherol was positively associated with BMD at the femoral neck (β = 0.002, P = 0.04) among those not reporting vitamin E supplementation. CONCLUSION We did not find biologically meaningful results between dietary and tocopherol homologues with BTMs or BMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- T C Yang
- Natural Products Group, Rowett Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB21 9SB, UK.
- School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Aberdeen, Health Sciences Building, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, UK.
| | - G G Duthie
- Natural Products Group, Rowett Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB21 9SB, UK
| | - L S Aucott
- School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Aberdeen, Health Sciences Building, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - H M Macdonald
- School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Aberdeen, Health Sciences Building, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, UK
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Kim J, Choi YH. Physical activity, dietary vitamin C, and metabolic syndrome in the Korean adults: the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2008 to 2012. Public Health 2016; 135:30-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2016.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2015] [Revised: 12/07/2015] [Accepted: 01/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Guo W, Huen K, Park JS, Petreas M, Crispo Smith S, Block G, Holland N. Vitamin C intervention may lower the levels of persistent organic pollutants in blood of healthy women - A pilot study. Food Chem Toxicol 2016; 92:197-204. [PMID: 27090108 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2016.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Revised: 04/06/2016] [Accepted: 04/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Emerging evidence suggests that exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals including persistent organic pollutants (POPs) such as organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) has a long term impact on human health. The goal of this pilot study was to test whether antioxidant intervention by vitamin C supplementation may be a remedial approach to decrease body burden of POPs in humans. Using solid phase extraction coupled with a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer and a gas chromatography high resolution mass spectrometry, we measured 18 PCBs, 7 OCPs, and 5 PBDEs in the blood of 15 healthy California women (8 were obese/overweight and 7 had normal weight) before and after 2 months of vitamin C supplementation (1000 mg/day). We observed higher PBDE levels than PCBs and OCPs, but only PCB and OCP levels were strongly and positively correlated with participant's BMI and age. We also found statistically significant decreases in 6 PCBs (PCB-74, PCB-118, PCB-138, PCB-153, PCB-180, and PCB-187), and 2 OCPs (4,4'-DDE, and 4,4'-DDT), but not PBDEs after vitamin C supplementation. Pending confirmation of this pilot finding in a larger study of both sexes, vitamin C intervention may have important public health implications in protecting health by reducing body burdens of POPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihong Guo
- Environmental Chemistry Laboratory, California Department of Toxic Substances Control, 700 Heinz Ave, S. 100, Berkeley, CA 94710, USA.
| | - Karen Huen
- School of Public Health, 50 University Hall, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - June-Soo Park
- Environmental Chemistry Laboratory, California Department of Toxic Substances Control, 700 Heinz Ave, S. 100, Berkeley, CA 94710, USA
| | - Myrto Petreas
- Environmental Chemistry Laboratory, California Department of Toxic Substances Control, 700 Heinz Ave, S. 100, Berkeley, CA 94710, USA
| | - Sabrina Crispo Smith
- Environmental Chemistry Laboratory, California Department of Toxic Substances Control, 700 Heinz Ave, S. 100, Berkeley, CA 94710, USA; Sequoia Foundation, 2166 Avenida De La Playa, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Gladys Block
- School of Public Health, 50 University Hall, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Nina Holland
- School of Public Health, 50 University Hall, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
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Singer RE, Moss K, Kim SJ, Beck JD, Offenbacher S. Oxidative Stress and IgG Antibody Modify Periodontitis-CRP Association. J Dent Res 2015; 94:1698-705. [PMID: 26318589 DOI: 10.1177/0022034515602693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In a previous report, we demonstrated the inverse association of high serum 8-isoprostane levels, a marker for oxidative stress, with decreased serum IgG antibodies to oral bacteria. The association between increased serum IgG with increased plaque and periodontitis (increased probing depths) was attenuated by high systemic oxidative stress. Other investigations have reported a role for systemic oxidative stress as a stimulus of hepatic C-reactive protein (CRP) response. These observations led us to hypothesize that the reported relationship of periodontitis to elevated serum CRP, a systemic inflammatory marker, may be modified by oxidative stress and that the levels of serum antibodies to oral bacteria might be an intermediary explanatory variable linking the association of systemic oxidative stress, periodontal disease, and levels of CRP. This hypothesis was explored as a secondary analysis of the Dental ARIC (Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities) study using serum levels of CRP, serum IgG levels to 16 oral organisms, serum levels of 8-isoprostane, and periodontal status. The findings indicate periodontitis is associated with high CRP in the presence of elevated oxidative stress that serves to suppress the IgG response. Only within the highest 8-isoprostane quartile was periodontitis (pocket depth) associated with increased serum CRP levels (P = 0.0003). Increased serum IgG antibody levels to oral bacteria were associated with lowered serum CRP levels. Thus, systemic oxidative stress, which has been demonstrated to be associated with increased levels of CRP in other studies, appears to be associated with the suppression of bacterial-specific IgG levels, which in the presence of periodontal disease can result in an enhanced systemic CRP response. Conversely, individuals with increased serum IgG antibodies to plaque bacteria exhibit lowered serum CRP levels. These 2 factors, oxidative stress and the serum IgG response, appear to function in opposing directions to modify serum levels of CRP and the association with periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- R E Singer
- Center for Oral and Systemic Diseases and Department of Periodontology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, School of Dentistry, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - K Moss
- Center for Oral and Systemic Diseases and Department of Dental Ecology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, School of Dentistry, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - S J Kim
- Center for Oral and Systemic Diseases and Department of Periodontology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, School of Dentistry, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - J D Beck
- Center for Oral and Systemic Diseases and Department of Dental Ecology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, School of Dentistry, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - S Offenbacher
- Center for Oral and Systemic Diseases and Department of Periodontology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, School of Dentistry, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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Modi J, Modi P, Pal B, Bansal J, Kumar S, Nagarajan R, Saifee Y. Role of Vitamin C and E supplementation in reduction of serum level of renal injury marker following shock wave lithotripsy: Prospective single centre experience. Urol Ann 2015; 7:350-4. [PMID: 26229324 PMCID: PMC4518373 DOI: 10.4103/0974-7796.156143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2014] [Accepted: 06/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Shock wave lithotripsy has become first line treatment modality for renal calculi due to its noninvasiveness. However, the destructive forces like dispersion of cavitation bubbles can cause trauma to thin-walled vessels and renal parenchyma during fragmentation of the stones. Antioxidants are our first line of defense against oxidative stress. The aim of this study was to investigate whether oral administration of Vitamin C and E help in a reduction of the serum level of inflammatory mediator by serial measurement of high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and by this reduction in the risk of renal damage. PATIENTS AND METHODS A total of 107 subjects were recruited in three groups. Group A served as a control group, and Group B and Group C received oral medication of Vitamin E 800 mg/day and Vitamin C 1000 mg/day respectively, start from 2 days prior the lithotripsy and continued for total 7 days. The level of hs-CRP was used as a mediator of the inflammatory response following lithotripsy and thus for long term renal injury. Serum level of hs-CRP was measured on 2 days prior the lithotripsy and day 2, 7 and 28 after the lithotripsy. RESULTS Patients who were given either Vitamin C or Vitamin E showed a significant reduction of serum level of hs-CRP when compared to control the group. CONCLUSION Oral administration of Vitamin C and E helps in reduction of serum levels of the inflammatory marker for acute renal injury and thus they can be useful in minimizing the kidney injury following lithotripsy for renal stone disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayesh Modi
- Department of Urology, Smt. Gulabben Rasiklal Doshi and Smt. Kamlaben Mafatlal Mehta Institute of Kidney Diseases and Research Centre and Dr. H. L. Trivedi Institute of Transplantation Sciences, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Pranjal Modi
- Department of Urology, Smt. Gulabben Rasiklal Doshi and Smt. Kamlaben Mafatlal Mehta Institute of Kidney Diseases and Research Centre and Dr. H. L. Trivedi Institute of Transplantation Sciences, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Bipinchandra Pal
- Department of Urology, Smt. Gulabben Rasiklal Doshi and Smt. Kamlaben Mafatlal Mehta Institute of Kidney Diseases and Research Centre and Dr. H. L. Trivedi Institute of Transplantation Sciences, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Jyoti Bansal
- Department of Urology, Smt. Gulabben Rasiklal Doshi and Smt. Kamlaben Mafatlal Mehta Institute of Kidney Diseases and Research Centre and Dr. H. L. Trivedi Institute of Transplantation Sciences, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Suresh Kumar
- Department of Urology, Smt. Gulabben Rasiklal Doshi and Smt. Kamlaben Mafatlal Mehta Institute of Kidney Diseases and Research Centre and Dr. H. L. Trivedi Institute of Transplantation Sciences, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Ramya Nagarajan
- Department of Urology, Smt. Gulabben Rasiklal Doshi and Smt. Kamlaben Mafatlal Mehta Institute of Kidney Diseases and Research Centre and Dr. H. L. Trivedi Institute of Transplantation Sciences, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Yusuf Saifee
- Department of Urology, Smt. Gulabben Rasiklal Doshi and Smt. Kamlaben Mafatlal Mehta Institute of Kidney Diseases and Research Centre and Dr. H. L. Trivedi Institute of Transplantation Sciences, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
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Ellulu MS, Rahmat A, Patimah I, Khaza'ai H, Abed Y. Effect of vitamin C on inflammation and metabolic markers in hypertensive and/or diabetic obese adults: a randomized controlled trial. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2015; 9:3405-12. [PMID: 26170625 PMCID: PMC4492638 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s83144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is well associated as being an interfering factor in metabolic diseases such as hypertension and diabetes by increasing the secretion of proinflammatory markers from adipose tissue. Having healthy effects, vitamin C could work as an anti-inflammatory agent through its antioxidant capacity. REGISTRATION REGISTRATION NUMBER FPSK_Mac [13]04. OBJECTIVE The aim of the study reported here was to identify the effect of vitamin C on reducing the levels of inflammatory markers in hypertensive and/or diabetic obese adults. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Sixty-four obese patients, who were hypertensive and/or diabetic and had high levels of inflammatory markers, from primary health care centers in Gaza City, Palestine, were enrolled into one of two groups in an open-label, parallel, randomized controlled trial. A total of 33 patients were randomized into a control group and 31 patients were randomized into an experimental group. The experimental group was treated with 500 mg vitamin C twice a day. RESULTS In the experimental group, vitamin C significantly reduced the levels of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), interleukin 6 (IL-6), fasting blood glucose (FBG), and triglyceride (TG) after 8 weeks of treatment (overall: P<0.001); no changes appeared in total cholesterol (TC). In the control group, there were significant reductions in FBG and TG (P=0.001 and P=0.026, respectively), and no changes in hs-CRP, IL-6, or TC. On comparing the changes in the experimental group with those in the control group at the endpoint, vitamin C was found to have achieved clinical significance in treating effectiveness for reducing hs-CRP, IL-6, and FBG levels (P=0.01, P=0.001, and P<0.001, respectively), but no significant changes in TC or TG were found. CONCLUSION Vitamin C (500 mg twice daily) has potential effects in alleviating inflammatory status by reducing hs-CRP, IL-6, and FBG in hypertensive and/or diabetic obese patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed S Ellulu
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Asmah Rahmat
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Ismail Patimah
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Huzwah Khaza'ai
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Yehia Abed
- Faculty of Public Health, Al-Quds University, Gaza City, Palestine
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Vitamin E supplementation is associated with lower levels of C-reactive protein only in higher dosages and combined with other antioxidants: The Cooperative Health Research in the Region of Augsburg (KORA) F4 study. Br J Nutr 2015; 113:1782-91. [PMID: 25895432 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114515000902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to examine the association between intake of five common antioxidative nutrients from supplements and medications (vitamin E, vitamin C, carotenoids, Se, and Zn) and levels of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) in the general population. For this purpose, a total of 2924 participants of the population-based Cooperative Health Research in the Region of Augsburg (KORA) F4 study (2006-8) were investigated cross-sectionally. Intake of dietary supplements and medication during the last 7 d was recorded in a personal interview, when participants were asked to show product packages of ingested preparations. Linear regression models were calculated; first, the exposure to regular nutrient intake was treated with a binary response (yes/no); then regularly ingested amounts were divided into quartiles to examine dose-response relationships. Effect of single v. combined supplementation of antioxidants was assessed through the inclusion of interaction terms into the models. Regular intake of any of the five investigated antioxidants per se was not associated with hs-CRP levels. However, dose-response analyses revealed that participants who regularly ingested more than 78 mg vitamin E/d, which corresponds to the upper quartile, had 22% lower hs-CRP levels (95% CI 0·63, 0·97) compared to those of persons who were not exposed to any vitamin E supplementation. Stratified analyses showed that this association was found only in persons who took vitamin E in combination with other antioxidants. The combined supplementation of vitamin E with other antioxidants could thus be a promising strategy for the prevention of inflammation-related diseases in the general population, if further studies could confirm that the proposed association is causal.
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Barker T, Henriksen VT, Rogers VE, Trawick RH. Serum cytokines and muscle strength after anterior cruciate ligament surgery are not modulated by high-doses of vitamins E (α- and γ-tocopherol's) and C. Cytokine 2015; 74:279-86. [PMID: 25890874 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2015.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2014] [Revised: 01/27/2015] [Accepted: 03/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this investigation was to identify if supplemental vitamin E (consisting of α- and γ-tocopherol's) and C modulate serum cytokine and muscle strength following an ACL injury and surgery. Subjects were randomly assigned to one of two groups: (1) placebo (n=14) or (2) vitamins E (α-[600m g RRR-α-tocopherol, αT] and γ-[600 mg of RRR-γT]) and C (1000 mg ascorbic acid, AA) (EC; n=15). Supplements were taken daily starting ∼2-wk prior to and concluding 16-wk after surgery. Fasting blood samples were obtained and single-leg peak isometric force measurements were performed at baseline (prior to supplementation), before surgery (∼120-min - blood draw only), and 8-wk, 12-wk, and 16-wk after surgery. αT, γT, AA, and cytokines were measured in each blood sample, and peak isometric force was measured on the injured and non-injured legs separately at each testing session. An exercise protocol consisting of repetitive knee and hip extension and flexion contractions to exhaustion was performed on the injured limb at 16-wk. Vitamin E and C supplementation significantly (all p<0.05) increased plasma αT (∼40%), γT (∼160%), and AA (∼50%) concentrations. Serum cytokine concentrations, peak isometric force, and time to exhaustion during the exercise protocol were not significantly different between groups. Based on these findings, we conclude that vitamin E and C supplementation increases their endogenous levels without minimizing muscular weakness or modulating serum cytokine concentrations after ACL surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler Barker
- The Orthopedic Specialty Hospital, Murray, UT 84107, USA.
| | | | | | - Roy H Trawick
- The Orthopedic Specialty Hospital, Murray, UT 84107, USA; The Orthopedic Specialty Clinic, Murray, UT 84107 USA
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Julia C, Galan P, Touvier M, Meunier N, Papet I, Sapin V, Cano N, Faure P, Hercberg S, Kesse-Guyot E. Antioxidant status and the risk of elevated C-reactive protein 12 years later. ANNALS OF NUTRITION AND METABOLISM 2014; 65:289-98. [PMID: 25377123 DOI: 10.1159/000363194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2013] [Accepted: 04/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Low-grade inflammation is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Relationships between the antioxidant status and inflammatory biomarkers could give new insights into cardiovascular disease prevention. We investigated long-term associations between the antioxidant nutrient (vitamin C, α-tocopherol, β-carotene) status and C-reactive protein (CRP) in a population-based cohort. METHODS Subjects included in the French SU.VI.MAX trial study who had available data on baseline (1994-1995) blood nutrient concentrations and CRP measurements 12 years later (2007-2009) were included. Associations between baseline antioxidant circulating concentrations and elevated CRP (>3 mg/l) were investigated in multivariate logistic regression models. Subgroup analyses were performed according to gender, supplementation group of the initial trial, smoking status, and alcohol intake. RESULTS Serum α-tocopherol (n = 2,060) and vitamin C (n = 1,719) concentrations [odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) quintile 5 vs. 1: OR 1.10 (95% CI 0.71-1.73), p for trend = 0.533, vs. OR 0.79 (95% CI 0.48-1.29), p for trend = 0.121, respectively] were not associated with elevated CRP concentrations. The β-carotene status (n = 2,048) was inversely associated with elevated CRP [adjusted OR quintile 5 vs. 1: OR 0.61 (95% CI 0.38-0.98), p for trend = 0.01]. Subgroup analyses showed that associations were stronger in women (p for trend = 0.004), never smokers (p for trend = 0.009) and subjects in the supplementation group (p for trend = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that the β-carotene status may be inversely associated with low-grade inflammation in the long term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chantal Julia
- Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team, Epidemiology and Biostatistics Research Center, Inserm U1153, INRA U1125, Cnam, Paris 13 University, Paris 5 University, Paris 7 University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, France
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Murer SB, Aeberli I, Braegger CP, Gittermann M, Hersberger M, Leonard SW, Taylor AW, Traber MG, Zimmermann MB. Antioxidant supplements reduced oxidative stress and stabilized liver function tests but did not reduce inflammation in a randomized controlled trial in obese children and adolescents. J Nutr 2014; 144:193-201. [PMID: 24353344 DOI: 10.3945/jn.113.185561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress and low-grade systemic inflammation may contribute to the pathogenesis of obesity-induced comorbidities, including nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Increasing intake of dietary antioxidants might be beneficial, but there are few data in obese children. To examine the effect of antioxidant supplementation on biomarkers of oxidative stress, inflammation, and liver function, we randomly assigned overweight or obese children and adolescents (n = 44; mean ± SD age: 12.7 ± 1.5 y) participating in a lifestyle modification program to a 4-mo intervention with daily antioxidants (vitamin E, 400 IU; vitamin C, 500 mg; selenium, 50 μg) or placebo. We measured anthropometrics, antioxidant status, oxidative stress (F(2)-isoprostanes, F(2)-isoprostane metabolites), inflammation, liver enzymes, fasting insulin and glucose, and lipid profile at baseline and endpoint. There was a significant treatment effect of antioxidant supplementation on antioxidant status [α-tocopherol, β = 23.2 (95% CI: 18.0, 28.4); ascorbic acid, β = 70.6 (95% CI: 51.7, 89.4); selenium, β = 0.07 (95% CI: 0.01, 0.12)] and oxidative stress [8-iso-prostaglandin F2α, β = -0.11 (95% CI: -0.19, -0.02)] but not on any of the inflammatory markers measured. There was a significant treatment effect on alanine aminotransferase [β = -0.13 (95% CI: -0.23, -0.03)], a trend toward a significant effect on aspartate aminotransferase [β = -0.04 (95% CI: -0.09, 0.01)], and no significant effect on γ-glutamyltransferase [β = -0.03 (95% CI: -0.11, 0.06)]. In summary, antioxidant supplementation for 4 mo improved antioxidant-oxidant balance and modestly improved liver function tests; however, it did not reduce markers of systemic inflammation despite significant baseline correlations between oxidative stress and inflammation. The study was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01316081.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie B Murer
- Human Nutrition Laboratory, Institute of Food, Nutrition, and Health, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Michels AJ, Frei B. Myths, artifacts, and fatal flaws: identifying limitations and opportunities in vitamin C research. Nutrients 2013; 5:5161-92. [PMID: 24352093 PMCID: PMC3875932 DOI: 10.3390/nu5125161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2013] [Revised: 11/23/2013] [Accepted: 11/27/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Research progress to understand the role of vitamin C (ascorbic acid) in human health has been slow in coming. This is predominantly the result of several flawed approaches to study design, often lacking a full appreciation of the redox chemistry and biology of ascorbic acid. In this review, we summarize our knowledge surrounding the limitations of common approaches used in vitamin C research. In human cell culture, the primary issues are the high oxygen environment, presence of redox-active transition metal ions in culture media, and the use of immortalized cell lines grown in the absence of supplemental ascorbic acid. Studies in animal models are also limited due to the presence of endogenous ascorbic acid synthesis. Despite the use of genetically altered rodent strains lacking synthesis capacity, there are additional concerns that these models do not adequately recapitulate the effects of vitamin C deprivation and supplementation observed in humans. Lastly, several flaws in study design endemic to randomized controlled trials and other human studies greatly limit their conclusions and impact. There also is anecdotal evidence of positive and negative health effects of vitamin C that are widely accepted but have not been substantiated. Only with careful attention to study design and experimental detail can we further our understanding of the possible roles of vitamin C in promoting human health and preventing or treating disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander J Michels
- Linus Pauling Institute, 307 Linus Pauling Science Center, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA.
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Biniaz V, Sadeghi Shermeh M, Ebadi A, Tayebi A, Einollahi B. Effect of Vitamin C Supplementation on C-reactive Protein Levels in Patients Undergoing Hemodialysis: A Randomized, Double Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study. Nephrourol Mon 2013; 6:e13351. [PMID: 24719806 PMCID: PMC3968960 DOI: 10.5812/numonthly.13351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2013] [Revised: 07/14/2013] [Accepted: 08/03/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Chronic inflammation is the most important cause of cardiovascular disease in patients undergoing hemodialysis, and vitamin C as a major antioxidant which could be effective to suppress inflammation. Objectives: This study was performed to evaluate the effect of vitamin C supplementation on C-reactive protein levels in patients undergoing hemodialysis. Patients and Methods: This randomized, placebo-controlled and double-blind trial was conducted on 151 patients on hemodialysis who were divided randomly by lottery method to three identical groups. In the intervention group, 250 mg of vitamin C was injected intravenously immediately at the end of each hemodialysis session three times a week for 8 weeks in a row. In the control group 1, same term of placebo saline was injected, and in the control group 2, no intervention was performed. Results: A total of 86 (61%) male and 55 female patients with mean hemodialysis duration of 39.74 ± 45.5 months, and a mean age of 61.36 ± 11.46 years-old, participated in this study. Hypertension and diabetes were the most common underlying diseases (79.4%). Median baseline CRP in the intervention, control 1 and control 2 groups were 16.8, 17.8, and 19.4 mg/L respectively. After 2 months, median CRP reduced significantly in the vitamin C group to 10.7 (P = 0.04) vs. 22.6, and 30.6 mg/L in control groups. Conclusions: Our findings demonstrated that vitamin C supplementation modifies the levels of CRP in patients on hemodialysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vajihe Biniaz
- Nephrology and Urology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Mehdi Sadeghi Shermeh
- Department of Medical Surgical Nursing, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Abbas Ebadi
- Department of Medical Surgical Nursing, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Ali Tayebi
- Department of Medical Surgical Nursing, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
- Corresponding author: Ali Tayebi, Department of Medical Surgical Nursing, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran. Tel: +98-9121058516, Fax: +98-2126127253, E-mail:
| | - Behzad Einollahi
- Nephrology and Urology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
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