1
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McGee SL, Hargreaves M. Exercise Performance and Health: Role of GLUT4 ‡. Free Radic Biol Med 2024:S0891-5849(24)00647-6. [PMID: 39243828 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2024.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2024] [Revised: 08/20/2024] [Accepted: 09/01/2024] [Indexed: 09/09/2024]
Abstract
The glucose transporter GLUT4 is integral for optimal skeletal muscle performance during exercise, as well as for metabolic health. Physiological regulation of GLUT4 translocation during exercise and increased GLUT4 expression following exercise involves multiple, redundant signalling pathways. These include effects of reactive oxygen species (ROS). ROS contribute to GLUT4 translocation that increases skeletal muscle glucose uptake during exercise and stimulate signalling pathways that increase GLUT4 expression. Conversely, ROS can also inhibit GLUT4 translocation and expression in metabolic disease states. The opposing roles of ROS in GLUT4 regulation are ultimately linked to the metabolic state of skeletal muscle and the intricate mechanisms involved give insights into pathways critical for exercise performance and implicated in metabolic health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean L McGee
- Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation (IMPACT), School of Medicine, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, 3217, Australia.
| | - Mark Hargreaves
- Department of Anatomy & Physiology, University of Melbourne, 3010, Australia
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2
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El-Kashef DH, Abdel-Rahman N, Sharawy MH. Apocynin alleviates thioacetamide-induced acute liver injury: Role of NOX1/NOX4/NF-κB/NLRP3 pathways. Cytokine 2024; 183:156747. [PMID: 39236429 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2024.156747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 08/28/2024] [Indexed: 09/07/2024]
Abstract
The liver has a distinctive capacity to regenerate, yet severe acute injury can be life-threatening if not treated appropriately. Inflammation and oxidative stress are central processes implicated in the pathophysiology of acute livery injury. NOX isoforms are important enzymes for ROS generation, NF-κB and NLRP3 activation, its inhibition could be vital in alleviating acute liver injury (ALI). Here in our study, we used apocynin, a natural occurring potent NOX inhibitor, to exploreits potential protective effect against thioacetamide (TAA)-induced ALI through modulating crucial oxidative and inflammatory pathways. Rats were injected once with TAA (500 mg/kg/i.p) and treated with apocynin (10 mg/kg/i.p) twice before TAA challenge. Sera and hepatic tissues were collected for biochemical, mRNA expression, western blot analysis and histopathological assessments. Pretreatment with apocynin improved liver dysfunction evidenced by decreased levels of aminotransferases, ALP, GGT and bilirubin. Apocynin reduced mRNA expression of NOX1 and NOX4 which in turn alleviated oxidative stress, as shown by reduction in MDA and NOx levels, and elevation in GSH levels andcatalase and SOD activities. Moreover, apocynin significantly reduced MPO gene expression. We also demonstrate that apocynin ameliorated inflammation through activating IκBα and suppressing IKKα, IKKβ, NF-κBp65 and p-NF-κBp65, IL-6 andTNF-α. Additionally, apocynin potentiated the gene expression of anti-inflammatory IL-10 and reduced levels of hepatic NLRP3, Caspase-1 and IL-1β. These results suggest that apocynin protects against ALI in association with the inhibition of NOX1 and NOX4 and regulating oxidative and inflammatory pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalia H El-Kashef
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Noha Abdel-Rahman
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.
| | - Maha H Sharawy
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
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3
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Pérez ME, Durantini JE, Martínez SR, Durantini AM, Milanesio ME, Durantini EN. Porphyrin-BODIPY Dyad: Enhancing Photodynamic Inactivation via Antenna Effect. Chembiochem 2024; 25:e202400138. [PMID: 38478375 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202400138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
A porphyrin-BODIPY dyad (P-BDP) was obtained through covalent bonding, featuring a two-segment design comprising a light-harvesting antenna system connected to an energy acceptor unit. The absorption spectrum of P-BDP resulted from an overlap of the individual spectra of its constituent parts, with the fluorescence emission of the BODIPY unit experiencing significant quenching (96 %) due to the presence of the porphyrin unit. Spectroscopic, computational, and redox investigations revealed a competition between photoinduced energy and electron transfer processes. The dyad demonstrated the capability to sensitize both singlet molecular oxygen and superoxide radical anions. Additionally, P-BDP effectively induced the photooxidation of L-tryptophan. In suspensions of Staphylococcus aureus cells, the dyad led to a reduction of over 3.5 log (99.99 %) in cell survival following 30 min of irradiation with green light. Photodynamic inactivation caused by P-BDP was also extended to the individual bacterium level, focusing on bacterial cells adhered to a surface. This dyad successfully achieved the total elimination of the bacteria upon 20 min of irradiation. Therefore, P-BDP presents an interesting photosensitizing structure that takes advantage of the light-harvesting antenna properties of the BODIPY unit combined with porphyrin, offering potential to enhance photoinactivation of bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- María E Pérez
- IDAS-CONICET, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Ruta Nacional 36 Km 601, X5804BYA, Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Javier E Durantini
- IITEMA-CONICET, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Ruta Nacional 36 Km 601, X5804BYA, Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Sol R Martínez
- IITEMA-CONICET, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Ruta Nacional 36 Km 601, X5804BYA, Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Andrés M Durantini
- Department of Chemistry, Southern Illinois University Edwardsville, Edwardsville, Illinois, 62026, United States
| | - María E Milanesio
- IDAS-CONICET, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Ruta Nacional 36 Km 601, X5804BYA, Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Edgardo N Durantini
- IDAS-CONICET, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Ruta Nacional 36 Km 601, X5804BYA, Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
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4
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Zhong J, Tang Y. Research progress on the role of reactive oxygen species in the initiation, development and treatment of breast cancer. PROGRESS IN BIOPHYSICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 188:1-18. [PMID: 38387519 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2024.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
According to international cancer data, breast cancer (BC) is the leading type of cancer in women. Although significant progress has been made in treating BC, metastasis and drug resistance continue to be the primary causes of mortality for many patients. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a dual role in vivo: normal levels can maintain the body's normal physiological function; however, high levels of ROS below the toxicity threshold can lead to mtDNA damage, activation of proto-oncogenes, and inhibition of tumor suppressor genes, which are important causes of BC. Differences in the production and regulation of ROS in different BC subtypes have important implications for the development and treatment of BC. ROS can also serve as an important intracellular signal transduction factor by affecting the antioxidant system, activating MAPK and PI3K/AKT, and other signal pathways to regulate cell cycle and change the relationship between cells and the activity of metalloproteinases, which significantly impacts the metastasis of BC. Hypoxia in the BC microenvironment increases ROS production levels, thereby inducing the expression of hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) and forming "ROS- HIF-1α-ROS" cycle that exacerbates BC development. Many anti-BC therapies generate sufficient toxic ROS to promote cancer cell apoptosis, but because the basal level of ROS in BC cells exceeds that of normal cells, this leads to up-regulation of the antioxidant system, drug efflux, and apoptosis inhibition, rendering BC cells resistant to the drug. ROS crosstalks with tumor vessels and stromal cells in the microenvironment, increasing invasiveness and drug resistance in BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhong
- School of Public Health, Southwest Medical University, No.1, Section 1, Xianglin Road, Longmatan District, Luzhou City, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Yan Tang
- School of Public Health, Southwest Medical University, No.1, Section 1, Xianglin Road, Longmatan District, Luzhou City, Sichuan Province, China.
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5
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Lin M, Huang Y, Orihara K, Chibana H, Kajiwara S, Chen X. A Putative NADPH Oxidase Gene in Unicellular Pathogenic Candida glabrata Is Required for Fungal ROS Production and Oxidative Stress Response. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 10:16. [PMID: 38248926 PMCID: PMC10817436 DOI: 10.3390/jof10010016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Most previous studies on fungal NADPH oxidases (Nox) focused on multicellular fungi and highlighted the important roles of Nox-derived reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cellular differentiation and signaling communication. However, there are few reports about Nox in unicellular fungi. A novel NOX ortholog, CAGL0K05863g (named CgNOX1), in Candida glabrata was investigated in this study. Deletion of CgNOX1 led to a decrease in both intracellular and extracellular ROS production. In addition, the Cgnox1∆ mutant exhibited hypersensitivity to hydrogen peroxide and menadione. Also, the wild-type strain showed higher levels of both CgNOX1 mRNA expression and ROS production under oxidative stress. Moreover, the absence of CgNOX1 resulted in impaired ferric reductase activity. Although there was no effect on in vitro biofilm formation, the CgNOX1 mutant did not produce hepatic apoptosis, which might be mediated by fungal Nox-derived ROS during co-incubation. Together, these results indicated that the novel NOX gene plays important roles in unicellular pathogenic C. glabrata and its interaction with host cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maoyi Lin
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama 226-8501, Japan; (M.L.); (Y.H.); (K.O.); (S.K.)
| | - Yao Huang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama 226-8501, Japan; (M.L.); (Y.H.); (K.O.); (S.K.)
| | - Kanami Orihara
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama 226-8501, Japan; (M.L.); (Y.H.); (K.O.); (S.K.)
| | - Hiroji Chibana
- Medical Mycology Research Center, Chiba University, Chiba 263-8522, Japan;
| | - Susumu Kajiwara
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama 226-8501, Japan; (M.L.); (Y.H.); (K.O.); (S.K.)
| | - Xinyue Chen
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama 226-8501, Japan; (M.L.); (Y.H.); (K.O.); (S.K.)
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6
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Fraga CG, Oteiza PI, Hid EJ, Galleano M. (Poly)phenols and the regulation of NADPH oxidases. Redox Biol 2023; 67:102927. [PMID: 37857000 PMCID: PMC10587761 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2023.102927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidases (NOXs) are enzymes that generate superoxide anion (O2•-) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and that are widely distributed in mammalian tissues. Many bioactives, especially plant (poly)phenols are being studied for their capacity to regulate NOXs. The modulation of these enzymes are of central relevance to maintain redox homeostasis and regulate cell signaling. In in vitro and ex vivo assays, and in experimental animal models, different (poly)phenols are able to modulate NOX-dependent generation of O2•- and H2O2. Mechanistically, most of the known effects of (poly)phenols and of their metabolites on NOX1, NOX2, and NOX4, include the modulation of: i) the expression of the different constituent subunits, and/or ii) posttranslational modifications involved in the assembly and translocation of the protein complexes. Very limited evidence is available on a direct action of (poly)phenols on NOX active site (electron-transferring protein). Moreover, it is suggested that the regulation by (poly)phenols of systemic events, e.g. inflammation, is frequently associated with their capacity to regulate NOX activation. Although of physiological significance, more studies are needed to understand the specific targets/mechanisms of NOX regulation by (poly)phenols, and the (poly)phenol chemical structures and moieties directly involved in the observed effects. It should be kept in mind the difficulties of NOX's studies associated with the complexity of NOXs biochemistry and the methodological limitations of O2•- and H2O2 the determinations. Studies relating human ingestion of specific (poly)phenols, with NOX activity and disease conditions, are guaranteed to better understand the health importance of (poly)phenol consumption and the involvement of NOXs as biological targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cesar G Fraga
- Fisicoquímica, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Instituto de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular (IBIMOL), UBA-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Nutrition University of California, Davis, USA
| | - Patricia I Oteiza
- Department of Nutrition University of California, Davis, USA; Department of Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Davis, USA
| | - Ezequiel J Hid
- Fisicoquímica, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Instituto de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular (IBIMOL), UBA-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Monica Galleano
- Fisicoquímica, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Instituto de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular (IBIMOL), UBA-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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7
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Nazari B, Jaquet V, Krause KH. NOX family NADPH oxidases in mammals: Evolutionary conservation and isoform-defining sequences. Redox Biol 2023; 66:102851. [PMID: 37595375 PMCID: PMC10458973 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2023.102851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023] Open
Abstract
NADPH oxidases are superoxide-producing enzymes that play a role in host defense, biosynthetic pathways, as well as cellular signaling. Humans have 7 NOX isoforms (NOX1-5, DUOX1,2), while mice and rats lack NOX5 and therefore have only 6 NOX isoforms. Whether all human NOX isoforms or their subunits (CYBA, NCF1, 2, 4, NOXO1, NOXA1, DUOXA1, 2) are present and conserved in other mammalian species is unknown. In this study, we have analyzed the conservation of the NOX family during mammalian evolution using an in-silico approach. Complete genomic sequences of 164 mammalian species were available. The possible absence of genes coding for NOX isoforms was investigated using the NCBI orthologs database followed by manual curation. Conservation of a given NOX isoform during mammalian evolution was evaluated by multiple alignment and identification of highly conserved sequences. There was no convincing evidence for the absence of NOX2, 3, 4, and DUOX1, 2 in all the available mammalian genome. However, NOX5 was absent in 27 of 31 rodent, in 2 of 3 lagomorph and in 2 out of 18 bat species. NOX1 was absent in all sequenced Afrotheria and Monotremata species, as well as in 3 of 18 bat species. NOXA1 was absent in all Afrotheria and in 3 out of 4 Eulipotyphla species. We also investigated amino acid sequence conservation among given NOX isoforms. Highly conserved sequences were observed for most isoforms except for NOX5. Interestingly, the highly conserved region of NOX2 sequence was relatively small (11 amino acids), as compared to NOX1, 3, 4. The highly conserved domains are different from one NOX isoform to the other, raising the possibility of distinct evolutionary conserved functional domains. Our results shed a new light on the essentiality of different NOX isoforms. We also identified isoform-defining sequences, i.e., hitherto undescribed conserved domains within specific NOX isoforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahareh Nazari
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Vincent Jaquet
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; READS Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Karl-Heinz Krause
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
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8
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Cipriano A, Viviano M, Feoli A, Milite C, Sarno G, Castellano S, Sbardella G. NADPH Oxidases: From Molecular Mechanisms to Current Inhibitors. J Med Chem 2023; 66:11632-11655. [PMID: 37650225 PMCID: PMC10510401 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c00770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
NADPH oxidases (NOXs) form a family of electron-transporting membrane enzymes whose main function is reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. Strong evidence suggests that ROS produced by NOX enzymes are major contributors to oxidative damage under pathologic conditions. Therefore, blocking the undesirable actions of these enzymes is a therapeutic strategy for treating various pathological disorders, such as cardiovascular diseases, inflammation, and cancer. To date, identification of selective NOX inhibitors is quite challenging, precluding a pharmacologic demonstration of NOX as therapeutic targets in vivo. The aim of this Perspective is to furnish an updated outlook about the small-molecule NOX inhibitors described over the last two decades. Structures, activities, and in vitro/in vivo specificity are discussed, as well as the main biological assays used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Cipriano
- Department
of Pharmacy, Epigenetic Med Chem Lab, and PhD Program in Drug Discovery and
Development, University of Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II 132, I-84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - Monica Viviano
- Department
of Pharmacy, Epigenetic Med Chem Lab, and PhD Program in Drug Discovery and
Development, University of Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II 132, I-84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - Alessandra Feoli
- Department
of Pharmacy, Epigenetic Med Chem Lab, and PhD Program in Drug Discovery and
Development, University of Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II 132, I-84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - Ciro Milite
- Department
of Pharmacy, Epigenetic Med Chem Lab, and PhD Program in Drug Discovery and
Development, University of Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II 132, I-84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - Giuliana Sarno
- Department
of Pharmacy, Epigenetic Med Chem Lab, and PhD Program in Drug Discovery and
Development, University of Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II 132, I-84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - Sabrina Castellano
- Department
of Pharmacy, Epigenetic Med Chem Lab, and PhD Program in Drug Discovery and
Development, University of Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II 132, I-84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - Gianluca Sbardella
- Department
of Pharmacy, Epigenetic Med Chem Lab, and PhD Program in Drug Discovery and
Development, University of Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II 132, I-84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
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9
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Man AWC, Zhou Y, Xia N, Li H. Perivascular Adipose Tissue Oxidative Stress in Obesity. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1595. [PMID: 37627590 PMCID: PMC10451984 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12081595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) adheres to most systemic blood vessels in the body. Healthy PVAT exerts anticontractile effects on blood vessels and further protects against cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. Healthy PVAT regulates vascular homeostasis via secreting an array of adipokine, hormones, and growth factors. Normally, homeostatic reactive oxygen species (ROS) in PVAT act as secondary messengers in various signalling pathways and contribute to vascular tone regulation. Excessive ROS are eliminated by the antioxidant defence system in PVAT. Oxidative stress occurs when the production of ROS exceeds the endogenous antioxidant defence, leading to a redox imbalance. Oxidative stress is a pivotal pathophysiological process in cardiovascular and metabolic complications. In obesity, PVAT becomes dysfunctional and exerts detrimental effects on the blood vessels. Therefore, redox balance in PVAT emerges as a potential pathophysiological mechanism underlying obesity-induced cardiovascular diseases. In this review, we summarise new findings describing different ROS, the major sources of ROS and antioxidant defence in PVAT, as well as potential pharmacological intervention of PVAT oxidative stress in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Huige Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (A.W.C.M.); (Y.Z.); (N.X.)
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10
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Kelm NQ, Solinger JC, Piell KM, Cole MP. Conjugated Linoleic Acid-Mediated Connexin-43 Remodeling and Sudden Arrhythmic Death in Myocardial Infarction. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11208. [PMID: 37446386 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241311208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Connexin 43 (Cx43) is expressed in the left and right ventricles and is primarily responsible for conducting physiological responses in microvasculature. Studies have demonstrated that NADPH oxidase (NOX) enzymes are essential in cardiac redox biology and are responsible for the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). NOX2 is linked to left ventricular remodeling following myocardial infarction (MI). It was hypothesized that conjugated linoleic acid (cLA) treatment increases NOX-2 levels in heart tissue and disrupts connexins between the myocytes in the ventricle. Data herein demonstrate that cLA treatment significantly decreases survival in a murine model of MI. The observance of cLA-induced ventricular tachyarrhythmia's (VT) led to the subsequent investigation of the underlying mechanism in this MI model. Mice were treated with cLA for 12 h, 24 h, 48 h, or 72 h to determine possible time-dependent changes in NOX and Cx43 signaling pathways in isolated left ventricles (LV) extracted from cardiac tissue. The results suggest that ROS generation, through the stimulation of NOX2 in the LV, triggers a decrease in Cx43 levels, causing dysfunction of the gap junctions following treatment with cLA. This cascade of events may initiate VT and subsequent death during MI. Taken together, individuals at risk of MI should use caution regarding cLA consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natia Qipshidze Kelm
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Jane C Solinger
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Kellianne M Piell
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Marsha P Cole
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
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11
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Bode K, Hauri-Hohl M, Jaquet V, Weyd H. Unlocking the power of NOX2: A comprehensive review on its role in immune regulation. Redox Biol 2023; 64:102795. [PMID: 37379662 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2023.102795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are a family of highly reactive molecules with numerous, often pleiotropic functions within the cell and the organism. Due to their potential to destroy biological structures such as membranes, enzymes and organelles, ROS have long been recognized as harmful yet unavoidable by-products of cellular metabolism leading to "oxidative stress" unless counterbalanced by cellular anti-oxidative defense mechanisms. Phagocytes utilize this destructive potential of ROS released in high amounts to defend against invading pathogens. In contrast, a regulated and fine-tuned release of "signaling ROS" (sROS) provides essential intracellular second messengers to modulate central aspects of immunity, including antigen presentation, activation of antigen presenting cells (APC) as well as the APC:T cell interaction during T cell activation. This regulated release of sROS is foremost attributed to the specialized enzyme NADPH-oxidase (NOX) 2 expressed mainly in myeloid cells such as neutrophils, macrophages and dendritic cells (DC). NOX-2-derived sROS are primarily involved in immune regulation and mediate protection against autoimmunity as well as maintenance of self-tolerance. Consequently, deficiencies in NOX2 not only result in primary immune-deficiencies such as Chronic Granulomatous Disease (CGD) but also lead to auto-inflammatory diseases and autoimmunity. A comprehensive understanding of NOX2 activation and regulation will be key for successful pharmaceutical interventions of such ROS-related diseases in the future. In this review, we summarize recent progress regarding immune regulation by NOX2-derived ROS and the consequences of its deregulation on the development of immune disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Bode
- Section for Islet Cell & Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Mathias Hauri-Hohl
- Division of Stem Cell Transplantation, University Children's Hospital Zurich - Eleonore Foundation & Children`s Research Center (CRC), Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Vincent Jaquet
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Centre Médical Universitaire, Rue Michel Servet 1, 1211, Genève 4, Switzerland
| | - Heiko Weyd
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Applied Tumor Immunity D120, German Cancer Research Center, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
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12
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Park H, Jung YS, Suh GJ, Kwon WY, Kim KS, Kim T, Kim H, Shin J. Combination Therapy of Niacin and Apocynin Attenuates Lung Injury During Sepsis in Rats. J Surg Res 2023; 285:51-58. [PMID: 36640610 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2022.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Oxidative stress contributes to tissue injury through reactive oxygen species-dependent signaling pathways during sepsis. We studied therapeutic benefits of the combination therapy of niacin, which increased reduced glutathione levels, and apocynin, which suppressed reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase (Nox) activity, in septic rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Polymicrobial sepsis was induced through cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) with antibiotics in male Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 189). The rats were randomly divided into sham, CLP, CLP + niacin, CLP + apocynin, and CLP + niacin + apocynin groups. Six hours after CLP, vehicle, niacin (360 mg/kg through the orogastric tube), and/or apocynin (20 mg/kg through intraperitoneal injection) were administered. The occurrence of mortality for 72 h after CLP was observed. Next, a separate set of animals was euthanized at 24 h post-CLP for lung tissue analyses. RESULTS Combination therapy with niacin and apocynin significantly improved survival in rats with sepsis (75.0% versus 28.8%, P = 0.006) but monotherapy with niacin or apocynin did not. Monotherapy with niacin and apocynin appeared to increase NADPH levels and decrease Nox levels and activity, respectively, but failed to show statistical significances. However, combination therapy significantly decreased Nox levels and activity, increased NADPH and glutathione levels, decreased intranuclear nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) p65 levels, reduced inflammatory cytokine expression and malondialdehyde levels, and attenuated histological lung injuries. CONCLUSIONS Combination therapy with niacin and apocynin synergistically attenuated lung injuries and improved survival in rats with sepsis through niacin-induced glutathione redox cycle activation and apocynin-induced Nox suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heesu Park
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Sun Jung
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Gil Joon Suh
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Woon Yong Kwon
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Su Kim
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Taegyun Kim
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hayoung Kim
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jieun Shin
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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13
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Muthukumarasamy I, Buel SM, Hurley JM, Dordick JS. NOX2 inhibition enables retention of the circadian clock in BV2 microglia and primary macrophages. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1106515. [PMID: 36814920 PMCID: PMC9939898 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1106515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Sustained neuroinflammation is a major contributor to the progression of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's (AD) and Parkinson's (PD) diseases. Neuroinflammation, like other cellular processes, is affected by the circadian clock. Microglia, the resident immune cells in the brain, act as major contributors to neuroinflammation and are under the influence of the circadian clock. Microglial responses such as activation, recruitment, and cytokine expression are rhythmic in their response to various stimuli. While the link between circadian rhythms and neuroinflammation is clear, significant gaps remain in our understanding of this complex relationship. To gain a greater understanding of this relationship, the interaction between the microglial circadian clock and the enzyme NADPH Oxidase Isoform 2 (NOX2) was studied; NOX2 is essential for the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in oxidative stress, an integral characteristic of neuroinflammation. Methods BV2 microglia were examined over circadian time, demonstrating oscillations of the clock genes Per2 and Bmal1 and the NOX2 subunits gp91phox and p47phox. Results The BV2 microglial clock exerted significant control over NOX2 expression and inhibition of NOX2 enabled the microglia to retain a functional circadian clock while reducing levels of ROS and inflammatory cytokines. These trends were mirrored in mouse bone marrow-derived primary macrophages. Conclusions NOX2 plays a crucial role in the interaction between the circadian clock and the activation of microglia/macrophages into their pro-inflammatory state, which has important implications in the control of neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iswarya Muthukumarasamy
- Chemical and Biological Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, United States
- Center for Biotechnology & Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, United States
| | - Sharleen M. Buel
- Center for Biotechnology & Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, United States
- Biological Sciences, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, United States
| | - Jennifer M. Hurley
- Center for Biotechnology & Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, United States
- Biological Sciences, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, United States
| | - Jonathan S. Dordick
- Chemical and Biological Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, United States
- Center for Biotechnology & Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, United States
- Biological Sciences, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, United States
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14
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Gonzalez Lopez EJ, Santamarina SC, Alvarez MG, Heredia DA, Durantini EN. Porphycenes as broad-spectrum antimicrobial photosensitizers. Potentiation with potassium iodide. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2022.114288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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15
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Gonzalez Lopez EJ, Martínez SR, Aiassa V, Santamarina SC, Domínguez RE, Durantini EN, Heredia DA. Tuning the Molecular Structure of Corroles to Enhance the Antibacterial Photosensitizing Activity. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15020392. [PMID: 36839714 PMCID: PMC9959985 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15020392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The increase in the antibiotic resistance of bacteria is a serious threat to public health. Photodynamic inactivation (PDI) of micro-organisms is a reliable antimicrobial therapy to treat a broad spectrum of complex infections. The development of new photosensitizers with suitable properties is a key factor to consider in the optimization of this therapy. In this sense, four corroles were designed to study how the number of cationic centers can influence the efficacy of antibacterial photodynamic treatments. First, 5,10,15-Tris(pentafluorophenyl)corrole (Co) and 5,15-bis(pentafluorophenyl)-10-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)corrole (Co-CF3) were synthesized, and then derivatized by nucleophilic aromatic substitution with 2-dimethylaminoethanol and 2-(dimethylamino)ethylamine, obtaining corroles Co-3NMe2 and Co-CF3-2NMe2, respectively. The straightforward synthetic strategy gave rise to macrocycles with different numbers of tertiary amines that can acquire positive charges in an aqueous medium by protonation at physiological pH. Spectroscopic and photodynamic studies demonstrated that their properties as chromophores and photosensitizers were unaffected, regardless of the substituent groups on the periphery. All tetrapyrrolic macrocycles were able to produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) by both photodynamic mechanisms. Uptake experiments, the level of ROS produced in vitro, and PDI treatments mediated by these compounds were assessed against clinical strains: methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumoniae. In vitro experiments indicated that the peripheral substitution significantly affected the uptake of the photosensitizers by microbes and, consequently, the photoinactivation performance. Co-3NMe2 was the most effective in killing both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria (inactivation > 99.99%). This work lays the foundations for the development of new corrole derivatives having pH-activable cationic groups and with plausible applications as effective broad-spectrum antimicrobial photosensitizers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edwin J. Gonzalez Lopez
- IDAS-CONCIET-UNRC, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Agencia Postal Nro. 3, Río Cuarto X5804BYA, Argentina
| | - Sol R. Martínez
- IITEMA-CONICET, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Agencia Postal Nro. 3, Río Cuarto X5804BYA, Argentina
| | - Virginia Aiassa
- UNITEFA-CONICET, Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba X5000HUA, Argentina
| | - Sofía C. Santamarina
- IDAS-CONCIET-UNRC, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Agencia Postal Nro. 3, Río Cuarto X5804BYA, Argentina
| | - Rodrigo E. Domínguez
- INFIQC-CONICET, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba X5000HUA, Argentina
| | - Edgardo N. Durantini
- IDAS-CONCIET-UNRC, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Agencia Postal Nro. 3, Río Cuarto X5804BYA, Argentina
| | - Daniel A. Heredia
- IDAS-CONCIET-UNRC, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Agencia Postal Nro. 3, Río Cuarto X5804BYA, Argentina
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +54-0358-4676-538
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16
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A colorimetric/electrochemical dual-mode sensor based on Fe3O4@MoS2-Au NPs for high-sensitivity detection of hydrogen peroxide. Microchem J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2022.107825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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17
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Zhang L, Li Q, Bao Y, Tan Y, Lametsch R, Hong H, Luo Y. Recent advances on characterization of protein oxidation in aquatic products: A comprehensive review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 64:1572-1591. [PMID: 36122384 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2117788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
In addition to microbial spoilage and lipid peroxidation, protein oxidation is increasingly recognized as a major cause for quality deterioration of muscle-based foods. Although protein oxidation in muscle-based foods has attracted tremendous interest in the past decade, specific oxidative pathways and underlying mechanisms of protein oxidation in aquatic products remain largely unexplored. The present review covers the aspects of the origin and site-specific nature of protein oxidation, progress on the characterization of protein oxidation, oxidized proteins in aquatic products, and impact of protein oxidation on protein functionalities. Compared to meat protein oxidation, aquatic proteins demonstrate a less extent of oxidation on aromatic amino acids and are more susceptible to be indirectly oxidized by lipid peroxidation products. Different from traditional measurement of protein carbonyls and thiols, proteomics-based strategy better characterizes the targeted oxidation sites within proteins. The future trends using more robust and accurate targeted proteomics, such as parallel reaction monitoring strategy, to characterize protein oxidation in aquatic products are also given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longteng Zhang
- Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Li
- Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Yulong Bao
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Yuqing Tan
- Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - René Lametsch
- Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Hui Hong
- Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yongkang Luo
- Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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18
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Escada-Rebelo S, Cristo MI, Ramalho-Santos J, Amaral S. Mitochondria-Targeted Compounds to Assess and Improve Human Sperm Function. Antioxid Redox Signal 2022; 37:451-480. [PMID: 34847742 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2021.0238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Significance: Currently 10%-15% of couples in reproductive age face infertility issues. More importantly, male factor contributes to 50% of these cases (either alone or in combination with female causes). Among various reasons, impaired sperm function is the main cause for male infertility. Furthermore, mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress due to increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, particularly of mitochondrial origin, are believed to be the main contributors. Recent Advances: Mitochondrial dysfunction, particularly due to increased ROS production, has often been linked to impaired sperm function/quality. For decades, different methods and approaches have been developed to assess mitochondrial features that might correlate with sperm functionality. This connection is now completely accepted, with mitochondrial functionality assessment used more commonly as a readout of sperm functionality. More recently, mitochondria-targeted compounds are on the frontline for both assessment and therapeutic approaches. Critical Issues: In this review, we summarize the current methods for assessing key mitochondrial parameters known to reflect sperm quality as well as therapeutic strategies using mitochondria-targeted antioxidants aiming to improve sperm function in various situations, particularly after sperm cryopreservation. Future Directions: Although more systematic research is needed, mitochondria-targeted compounds definitely represent a promising tool to assess as well as to protect and improve sperm function. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 37, 451-480.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Escada-Rebelo
- PhD Programme in Experimental Biology and Biomedicine, Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Biology of Reproduction and Stem Cell Group, Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,IIIUC - Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, Casa Costa Alemão, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Maria Inês Cristo
- Biology of Reproduction and Stem Cell Group, Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - João Ramalho-Santos
- Biology of Reproduction and Stem Cell Group, Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Sandra Amaral
- Biology of Reproduction and Stem Cell Group, Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,IIIUC - Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, Casa Costa Alemão, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
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19
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CUI Z, SHU Y, XIE X, JIN Y. Light-driven activation of NADPH oxidases. SCIENTIA SINICA VITAE 2022. [DOI: 10.1360/ssv-2022-0134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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20
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Sun Y, Sun P, Li Z, Qu L, Guo W. Natural flavylium-inspired far-red to NIR-II dyes and their applications as fluorescent probes for biomedical sensing. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:7170-7205. [PMID: 35866752 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00179a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Fluorescent probes that emit in the far-red (600-700 nm), first near-infrared (NIR-I, 700-900 nm), and second NIR (NIR-II, 900-1700 nm) regions possess unique advantages, including low photodamage and deep penetration into biological samples. Notably, NIR-II optical imaging can achieve tissue penetration as deep as 5-20 mm, which is critical for biomedical sensing and clinical applications. Much research has focused on developing far-red to NIR-II dyes to meet the needs of modern biomedicine. Flavylium compounds are natural colorants found in many flowers and fruits. Flavylium-inspired dyes are ideal platforms for constructing fluorescent probes because of their far-red to NIR emissions, high quantum yields, high molar extinction coefficients, and good water solubilities. The synthetic and structural diversities of flavylium dyes also enable NIR-II probe development, which markedly advance the field of NIR-II in vivo imaging. In the last decade, there have been huge developments in flavylium-inspired dyes and their applications as far-red to NIR fluorescent probes for biomedical applications. In this review, we highlight the optical properties of representative flavylium dyes, design strategies, sensing mechanisms, and applications as fluorescent probes for detecting and visualizing important biomedical species and events. This review will prompt further research not only on flavylium dyes, but also into all far-red to NIR fluorophores and fluorescent probes. Moreover, this interest will hopefully spillover into applications related to complex biological systems and clinical treatments, ranging in focus from the sub-organelle to whole-animal levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanqiang Sun
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
| | - Pengjuan Sun
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
| | - Zhaohui Li
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
| | - Lingbo Qu
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
| | - Wei Guo
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China.
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21
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Chen JR, Lazarenko OP, Blackburn ML, Chen JF, Randolph CE, Zabaleta J, Schroder K, Pedersen KB, Ronis MJJ. Nox4 expression in osteo-progenitors controls bone development in mice during early life. Commun Biol 2022; 5:583. [PMID: 35701603 PMCID: PMC9198054 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03544-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Tightly regulated and cell-specific NADPH-oxidases (Nox) represent one of the major sources of reactive oxygen species (ROS) signaling molecules that are involved in tissue development and stem cell self-renewal. We have characterized the role of Nox4 in osteo-progenitors during postnatal bone development. Nox4 expression in bone and ROS generation were increased during early osteoblast differentiation and bone development. Stromal osteoblastic cell self-renewal, proliferation and ROS production were significantly lower in samples from whole-body Nox4 knockout mice (Nox4-/-) and conditional knockout (CKO) mice with depletion of Nox4 in the limb bud mesenchyme compared with those from control mice (Nox4fl/fl), but they were reversed after 9 passages. In both sexes, bone volume, trabecular number and bone mineral density were significantly lower in 3-week old CKO and Nox4-/- mice compared with Nox4fl/fl controls. This was reflected in serum levels of bone formation markers alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and procollagen 1 intact N-terminal propeptide (P1NP). However, under-developed bone formation in 3-week old CKO and Nox4-/- mice quickly caught up to levels of control mice by 6-week of age, remained no different at 13-week of age, and was reversed in 32-week old male mice. Osteoclastogenesis showed no differences among groups, however, CTX1 reflecting osteoclast activity was significantly higher in 3-week old male CKO and Nox4-/- mice compared with control mice, and significantly lower in 32-week old Nox4-/- mice compared with control mice. These data suggest that Nox4 expression and ROS signaling in bone and osteoblastic cells coordinately play an important role in osteoblast differentiation, proliferation and maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Ran Chen
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, Little Rock, AR, 72202, USA. .,Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, 72202, USA.
| | - Oxana P. Lazarenko
- grid.508987.bArkansas Children’s Nutrition Center, Little Rock, AR 72202 USA ,grid.241054.60000 0004 4687 1637Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72202 USA
| | - Michael L. Blackburn
- grid.508987.bArkansas Children’s Nutrition Center, Little Rock, AR 72202 USA ,grid.241054.60000 0004 4687 1637Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72202 USA
| | - Jennifer F. Chen
- grid.411017.20000 0001 2151 0999Undergraduate Pre-Medical Program, University of Arkansas at Fayetteville, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA
| | - Christopher E. Randolph
- grid.488749.eCenter for Translational Pediatric Research, Arkansas Children’s Research Institute, Little Rock, AR 72202 USA
| | - Jovanny Zabaleta
- grid.279863.10000 0000 8954 1233Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112 USA
| | - Katrin Schroder
- grid.7839.50000 0004 1936 9721Institute of Physiology I, Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Kim B. Pedersen
- grid.279863.10000 0000 8954 1233Department of Interdisciplinary Oncology (DIO), Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Louisiana Cancer Research Center, New Orleans, LA 70112 USA
| | - Martin J. J. Ronis
- grid.279863.10000 0000 8954 1233Department of Interdisciplinary Oncology (DIO), Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Louisiana Cancer Research Center, New Orleans, LA 70112 USA
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22
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Serine Hydroxymethyltransferase 1 Is Essential for Primary-Root Growth at Low-Sucrose Conditions. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23094540. [PMID: 35562931 PMCID: PMC9100158 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant roots are essential organs for absorbing nutrients from the soil or medium. Sucrose functions as a vital carbon source in root development, and sucrose starvation interferes with the redox state of plant cells. However, the mechanism of root growth at sucrose starvation remains unclear. Here, we report that SHMT1 (serine hydroxymethyltransferase 1) plays a crucial role in primary-root growth. SHMT1 mutation caused decreased sugar levels, excessive H2O2 accumulation, and severe root-growth arrest at sucrose-free conditions, whereas plants with SHMT1 overexpression had increased sugar and decreased H2O2 levels, and longer primary roots. Sucrose supply fully restored root growth of shm1-2, but CO2 alone could not, and SHMT1 is much more stable in roots than shoots at sucrose conditions, suggesting that SHMT1 accumulation in roots is critical for sucrose accumulation and root growth. Further ROS scavenging by GSH application or ROS synthesis inhibition by apocynin application or RBOHD mutation reduced H2O2 levels and partially restored the root-growth arrest phenotype of shm1-2 at low-sucrose conditions, suggesting that SHMT1 modulates root growth via sucrose-mediated ROS accumulation. Our findings demonstrated the role of SHMT1 in primary-root growth by regulating sucrose accumulation and ROS homeostasis in roots.
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23
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Rodrigues LC, Cerri DG, Marzocchi-Machado CM, Cummings RD, Stowell SR, Dias-Baruffi M. Detection of Reactive Oxygen Species in Human Neutrophils Under Various Conditions of Exposure to Galectin. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2442:549-564. [PMID: 35320545 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2055-7_29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been extensively studied in biology in the past years. This class of molecules can be derived from endogenous sources (e.g., phagocytic cells as neutrophils, eosinophils, monocytes, macrophages, and organelles as mitochondria and peroxisomes) and participate in physiological and pathological conditions. The beneficial and harmful effects of ROS depend on redox regulation, which establishes the balance between their production and the activity of antioxidant systems to prevent oxidative stress in vivo. Neutrophils are the immune effectors most well depicted with an intense oxidative burst in response to tissue inflammation. Several proteins and members of the galectin family are involved in this fine modulation of ROS production by neutrophils. Interestingly, studies have indicated that Galectin-1 (Gal-1) can up- or downregulate ROS production by neutrophils even when exposed to N-formyl-Met-Leu-Phe (fMLP) or Phorbol Myristate Acetate (PMA), both of which are potent neutrophil stimulants that trigger high levels of ROS production. Similarly, Galectin-3 (Gal-3) induces ROS in neutrophils from a sterile or nonsterile inflammatory environment, possibly creating a negative loop that could control ROS production. Besides, superoxide production is also induced by Galectin-8 (Gal-8) and Galectin-9 (Gal-9) in neutrophils but in a different manner. We describe herein the luminol and lucigenin-dependent chemiluminescence technique by using a luminometer as a method of assessment to measure ROS production by human neutrophils isolated and exposed to purified human recombinant Gal-1. The protocol described herein could be applied for the investigation of the role of other galectins in the modulation of ROS production by neutrophils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilian Cataldi Rodrigues
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas da Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil
| | - Daniel Giuliano Cerri
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas da Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil
| | - Cleni M Marzocchi-Machado
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas da Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil
| | | | - Sean R Stowell
- Harvard Glycomics Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Marcelo Dias-Baruffi
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas da Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil.
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Nadeem MS, Kazmi I, Ullah I, Muhammad K, Anwar F. Allicin, an Antioxidant and Neuroprotective Agent, Ameliorates Cognitive Impairment. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 11:87. [PMID: 35052591 PMCID: PMC8772758 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11010087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 12/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Allicin (diallylthiosulfinate) is a defense molecule produced by cellular contents of garlic (Allium sativum L.). On tissue damage, the non-proteinogenic amino acid alliin (S-allylcysteine sulfoxide) is converted to allicin in an enzyme-mediated process catalysed by alliinase. Allicin is hydrophobic in nature, can efficiently cross the cellular membranes and behaves as a reactive sulfur species (RSS) inside the cells. It is physiologically active molecule with the ability to oxidise the thiol groups of glutathione and between cysteine residues in proteins. Allicin has shown anticancer, antimicrobial, antioxidant properties and also serves as an efficient therapeutic agent against cardiovascular diseases. In this context, the present review describes allicin as an antioxidant, and neuroprotective molecule that can ameliorate the cognitive abilities in case of neurodegenerative and neuropsychological disorders. As an antioxidant, allicin fights the reactive oxygen species (ROS) by downregulation of NOX (NADPH oxidizing) enzymes, it can directly interact to reduce the cellular levels of different types of ROS produced by a variety of peroxidases. Most of the neuroprotective actions of allicin are mediated via redox-dependent pathways. Allicin inhibits neuroinflammation by suppressing the ROS production, inhibition of TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB, P38 and JNK pathways. As an inhibitor of cholinesterase and (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) it can be applied to manage the Alzheimer's disease, helps to maintain the balance of neurotransmitters in case of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention deficit hyperactive syndrome (ADHD). In case of acute traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) allicin protects neuron damage by regulating inflammation, apoptosis and promoting the expression levels of Nrf2 (nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2). Metal induced neurodegeneration can also be attenuated and cognitive abilities of patients suffering from neurological diseases can be ameliorates by allicin administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Shahid Nadeem
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; or
| | - Imran Kazmi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; or
| | - Inam Ullah
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Hazara University, Mansehra 21300, Pakistan; (I.U.); (K.M.)
| | - Khushi Muhammad
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Hazara University, Mansehra 21300, Pakistan; (I.U.); (K.M.)
| | - Firoz Anwar
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; or
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Gonzalez Lopez EJ, Sarotti AM, Martínez SR, Macor LP, Durantini JE, Renfige M, Gervaldo MA, Otero LA, Durantini AM, Durantini EN, Heredia DA. BOPHY-Fullerene C 60 Dyad as a Photosensitizer for Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy. Chemistry 2021; 28:e202103884. [PMID: 34878698 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202103884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
A novel BOPHY-fullerene C60 dyad (BP-C60 ) was designed as a heavy-atom-free photosensitizer (PS) with potential uses in photodynamic treatment and reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated applications. BP-C60 consists of a BOPHY fluorophore covalently attached to a C60 moiety through a pyrrolidine ring. The BOPHY core works as a visible-light-harvesting antenna, while the fullerene C60 subunit elicits the photodynamic action. This fluorophore-fullerene cycloadduct, obtained by a straightforward synthetic route, was fully characterized and compared with its individual counterparts. The restricted rotation around the single bond connecting the BOPHY and pyrrolidine moieties led to the formation of two atropisomers. Spectroscopic, electrochemical, and computational studies disclose an efficient photoinduced energy/electron transfer process from BOPHY to fullerene C60 . Photodynamic studies indicate that BP-C60 produces ROS by both photomechanisms (type I and type II). Moreover, the dyad exhibits higher ROS production efficiency than its individual constitutional components. Preliminary screening of photodynamic inactivation on bacteria models (Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli) demonstrated the ability of this dyad to be used as a heavy-atom-free PS. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that not only a BOPHY-fullerene C60 dyad is reported, but also that a BOPHY derivative is applied to photoinactivate microorganisms. This study lays the foundations for the development of new BOPHY-based PSs with plausible applications in the medical field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edwin J Gonzalez Lopez
- IDAS-CONICET, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Agencia Postal Nro. 3, X5804BYA, Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Ariel M Sarotti
- Instituto de Química Rosario (IQUIR, CONICET-UNR), Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéutica, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, 2000, Rosario, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Sol R Martínez
- IITEMA-CONICET, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Agencia Postal Nro. 3, X5804BYA, Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Lorena P Macor
- IITEMA-CONICET, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Agencia Postal Nro. 3, X5804BYA, Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Javier E Durantini
- IITEMA-CONICET, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Agencia Postal Nro. 3, X5804BYA, Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Melisa Renfige
- IITEMA-CONICET, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Agencia Postal Nro. 3, X5804BYA, Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Miguel A Gervaldo
- IITEMA-CONICET, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Agencia Postal Nro. 3, X5804BYA, Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Luis A Otero
- IITEMA-CONICET, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Agencia Postal Nro. 3, X5804BYA, Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Andrés M Durantini
- IDAS-CONICET, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Agencia Postal Nro. 3, X5804BYA, Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Edgardo N Durantini
- IDAS-CONICET, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Agencia Postal Nro. 3, X5804BYA, Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Daniel A Heredia
- IDAS-CONICET, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Agencia Postal Nro. 3, X5804BYA, Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
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Cigarette Smoke Extract Produces Superoxide in Aqueous Media by Reacting with Bicarbonate. TOXICS 2021; 9:toxics9110316. [PMID: 34822707 PMCID: PMC8622692 DOI: 10.3390/toxics9110316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The toxicity of cigarette smoke (CS) is largely attributed to its ability to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS). Reportedly, CS generates superoxide in cell culture systems by stimulating the cells to produce superoxide and through direct chemical reactions with components of the culture media. In this study, we investigated CS-induced superoxide formation in biocompatible aqueous media and its characteristics. Cigarette smoke extract (CSE) and total particulate matter (TPM) were prepared from the mainstream smoke of 3R4F reference cigarettes. CSE and TPM generated superoxide in Hank’s balanced salt solution (HBSS), Dulbecco’s modified Eagle media (DMEM), and blood plasma, but not in distilled water and phosphate-buffered saline. Each constituent of HBSS in solution was tested, and bicarbonate was found to be responsible for the superoxide generation. More than half of the superoxide formation was abolished by pretreating CSE or TPM with peroxidase, indicating that the substrates of peroxidase, presumably peroxides and peroxy acids, mainly contributed to the superoxide production. In conclusion, the presence of bicarbonate in experimental conditions should be considered carefully in studies of the biological activity of CS. Furthermore, the local amount of bicarbonate in exposed tissues may be a determinant of tissue sensitivity to oxidative damage by CS.
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Heredia DA, Durantini JE, Ferreyra DD, Reynoso E, Gonzalez Lopez EJ, Durantini AM, Milanesio ME, Durantini EN. Charge density distribution effect in pyrrolidine-fused chlorins on microbial uptake and antimicrobial photoinactivation of microbial pathogens. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2021; 225:112321. [PMID: 34695700 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2021.112321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2021] [Revised: 08/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Two novels structurally related pyrrolidine-fused chlorins were synthesized from 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)chlorin by nucleophilic aromatic substitution of the para-fluoro groups. The reaction with 2-dimethylaminoethanol produced TPCF16-NMe2 in 77% yield, while TPCF16-NBu was obtained using butylamine in 87% yield. The latter was extensively methylated to form TPCF16-N+Bu in 92% yield. The synthetic strategy was designed to compare the effect of charge density distribution on chlorin in the efficacy to induce photodynamic inactivation of pathogens. TPCF16-NMe2 has five tertiary amines that can acquire positive charges in aqueous medium by protonation. Furthermore, four of the cationic groups are located in amino groups linked to the chlorine macrocycle by an aliphatic structure of two carbon atoms, which gives it greater movement capacity. In contrast, TPCF16-N+Bu presents intrinsic positive charges on aromatic rings. Absorption and fluorescence emission properties were not affected by the peripheral substitution on the chlorin macrocycle. Both photosensitizers (PSs) were able to form singlet molecular oxygen and superoxide anion radical in solution. Uptake and photodynamic inactivation mediated by these chlorins were examined on Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Both phototherapeutic agents produced efficient photoinactivation of S. aureus. However, only TPCF16-NMe2 was rapidly bound to E. coli cells and this chlorin was effective to photoinactivate both strains of bacteria using lower concentrations and shorter irradiation periods. Our outcomes reveal that the charge density distribution is a key factor to consider in the development of new PSs. Accordingly, this work stands out as a promising starting point for the design of new tetrapyrrolic macrocycles with application in PDI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A Heredia
- IDAS-CONICET, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Ruta Nacional 36 Km 601, X5804BYA Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Javier E Durantini
- IITEMA-CONICET Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Ruta Nacional 36 Km 601, X5804BYA Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Darío D Ferreyra
- IDAS-CONICET, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Ruta Nacional 36 Km 601, X5804BYA Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Eugenia Reynoso
- IDAS-CONICET, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Ruta Nacional 36 Km 601, X5804BYA Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Edwin J Gonzalez Lopez
- IDAS-CONICET, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Ruta Nacional 36 Km 601, X5804BYA Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Andrés M Durantini
- IDAS-CONICET, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Ruta Nacional 36 Km 601, X5804BYA Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - María E Milanesio
- IDAS-CONICET, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Ruta Nacional 36 Km 601, X5804BYA Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Edgardo N Durantini
- IDAS-CONICET, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Ruta Nacional 36 Km 601, X5804BYA Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina.
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Reynoso E, Durantini AM, Solis CA, Macor LP, Otero LA, Gervaldo MA, Durantini EN, Heredia DA. Photoactive antimicrobial coating based on a PEDOT-fullerene C 60 polymeric dyad. RSC Adv 2021; 11:23519-23532. [PMID: 35479802 PMCID: PMC9036534 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra03417k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
A photostable and photodynamic antimicrobial surface was successfully obtained and applied to photoinactivate microorganisms. This approach was based on the synthesis of a fullerene C60 derivative (EDOT-C60) where fullerene C60 is covalently linked to 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOT) through a 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction. This dual-functional monomer bears an EDOT center connected via an alkyl chain to a fullerene C60 moiety. In this structure, EDOT acts as an electropolymerizable unit that allows the film formation over conducting substrates, while fullerene C60 performs the photodynamic antimicrobial activity. Electrochemical polymerization of EDOT was used to obtain stable and photodynamic polymeric films (PEDOT-C60) in a controllable procedure. Cyclic voltammetry and UV-visible spectroscopy studies showed that the fullerene C60 units were not altered during the electropolymerization process, obtaining surfaces with high fullerene content. Photobleaching measurements demonstrated that the electropolymerized films were highly photostable. Moreover, photodynamic properties of PEDOT-C60 were compared with fullerene C60 and showed that electrodeposited films were able to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) through the two photomechanisms, producing singlet molecular oxygen (type II) and superoxide radical anion (type I). All studies demonstrated that fullerene C60 moieties covalently attached to the polymeric matrix mainly conserve the photodynamic characteristics. Hence, photodynamic action sensitized by PEDOT-C60 was assessed in vitro against Staphylococcus aureus. The photosensitized inactivation by the electropolymerized films on bacteria suspensions produced >99.9% reduction in S. aureus survival. Fluorescence microscopy experiments with S. aureus adhered to the PEDOT-C60 surface showed a complete microbe annihilation. Also, the eradication of biofilms formed on PEDOT-C60 surfaces resulted in a photokilling >99.9% after visible light irradiation. Our results demonstrated that these antimicrobial photodynamic polymeric films are a promising and versatile platform to photoinactivate microorganisms and to obtain photostable self-sterilizing surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugenia Reynoso
- IDAS-CONICET, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto Agencia Postal Nro. 3 X5804BYA Río Cuarto Córdoba Argentina +54 358 76233 +54 358 4676538
| | - Andrés M Durantini
- IDAS-CONICET, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto Agencia Postal Nro. 3 X5804BYA Río Cuarto Córdoba Argentina +54 358 76233 +54 358 4676538
| | - Claudia A Solis
- IITEMA-CONICET, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto Agencia Postal Nro. 3 X5804BYA Río Cuarto Córdoba Argentina
| | - Lorena P Macor
- IITEMA-CONICET, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto Agencia Postal Nro. 3 X5804BYA Río Cuarto Córdoba Argentina
| | - Luis A Otero
- IITEMA-CONICET, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto Agencia Postal Nro. 3 X5804BYA Río Cuarto Córdoba Argentina
| | - Miguel A Gervaldo
- IITEMA-CONICET, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto Agencia Postal Nro. 3 X5804BYA Río Cuarto Córdoba Argentina
| | - Edgardo N Durantini
- IDAS-CONICET, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto Agencia Postal Nro. 3 X5804BYA Río Cuarto Córdoba Argentina +54 358 76233 +54 358 4676538
| | - Daniel A Heredia
- IDAS-CONICET, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto Agencia Postal Nro. 3 X5804BYA Río Cuarto Córdoba Argentina +54 358 76233 +54 358 4676538
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Wang YB, Luo HZ, Wang CY, Guo ZQ, Zhu WH. A turn-on fluorescent probe based on π-extended coumarin for imaging endogenous hydrogen peroxide in RAW 264.7 cells. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2021.113270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Miguel-Jiménez S, Pina-Beltrán B, Gimeno-Martos S, Carvajal-Serna M, Casao A, Pérez-Pe R. NADPH Oxidase 5 and Melatonin: Involvement in Ram Sperm Capacitation. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:655794. [PMID: 34026754 PMCID: PMC8138477 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.655794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play an essential role in mammalian sperm capacitation. NADPH oxidase 5 (NOX5) has been described as the main source of ROS production in some mammalian spermatozoa, such as human and equine. On the other hand, melatonin can decrease cellular ROS levels and regulates NOX activity in somatic cells. Therefore, the objectives of this work were (1) to identify NOX5 in ram spermatozoa and analyze its possible changes during in vitro capacitation and (2) to investigate the effect of melatonin on NOX5 expression and localization and on superoxide levels in capacitated ram spermatozoa. Protein bands associated with NOX5 were detected by Western blot analysis. Likewise, indirect immunofluorescence (IIF) revealed six different immunotypes for NOX5, which varied throughout in vitro capacitation. Superoxide (O2⋅–), evaluated by DHE/Yo-Pro-1, rose after in vitro capacitation and in the presence of the calcium ionophore A23187 but decreased in the presence of the NOX inhibitor GKT136901. GKT also reduced the percentage of capacitated and acrosome-reacted spermatozoa that had increased during incubation in capacitating conditions. The presence of melatonin at micromolar concentrations avoided the increment in O2⋅– and the changes in NOX5 immunotypes provoked by capacitation. In conclusion, NOX5 is present in ram spermatozoa and the changes in its distribution, associated with sperm capacitation, can be prevented by melatonin. To this extent, it could imply that melatonin exerts its antioxidant role, at least in part, by modulating NOX5 activity during ram sperm capacitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Miguel-Jiménez
- Grupo BIOFITER-Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Celular - Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Ciencias Ambientales de Aragón (IUCA), Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Blanca Pina-Beltrán
- Grupo BIOFITER-Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Celular - Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Ciencias Ambientales de Aragón (IUCA), Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Silvia Gimeno-Martos
- Grupo BIOFITER-Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Celular - Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Ciencias Ambientales de Aragón (IUCA), Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Melissa Carvajal-Serna
- Grupo BIOFITER-Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Celular - Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Ciencias Ambientales de Aragón (IUCA), Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Adriana Casao
- Grupo BIOFITER-Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Celular - Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Ciencias Ambientales de Aragón (IUCA), Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Rosaura Pérez-Pe
- Grupo BIOFITER-Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Celular - Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Ciencias Ambientales de Aragón (IUCA), Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
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Kwon N, Kim D, Swamy K, Yoon J. Metal-coordinated fluorescent and luminescent probes for reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS). Coord Chem Rev 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2020.213581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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32
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Zinc in the Brain: Friend or Foe? Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21238941. [PMID: 33255662 PMCID: PMC7728061 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21238941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Zinc is a trace metal ion in the central nervous system that plays important biological roles, such as in catalysis, structure, and regulation. It contributes to antioxidant function and the proper functioning of the immune system. In view of these characteristics of zinc, it plays an important role in neurophysiology, which leads to cell growth and cell proliferation. However, after brain disease, excessively released and accumulated zinc ions cause neurotoxic damage to postsynaptic neurons. On the other hand, zinc deficiency induces degeneration and cognitive decline disorders, such as increased neuronal death and decreased learning and memory. Given the importance of balance in this context, zinc is a biological component that plays an important physiological role in the central nervous system, but a pathophysiological role in major neurological disorders. In this review, we focus on the multiple roles of zinc in the brain.
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Hvozda Arana AG, Lasagni Vitar RM, Reides CG, Lerner SF, Ferreira SM. Glaucoma causes redox imbalance in the primary visual cortex by modulating NADPH oxidase-4, iNOS, and Nrf2 pathway in a rat experimental model. Exp Eye Res 2020; 200:108225. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2020.108225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Casas AI, Nogales C, Mucke HAM, Petraina A, Cuadrado A, Rojo AI, Ghezzi P, Jaquet V, Augsburger F, Dufrasne F, Soubhye J, Deshwal S, Di Sante M, Kaludercic N, Di Lisa F, Schmidt HHHW. On the Clinical Pharmacology of Reactive Oxygen Species. Pharmacol Rev 2020; 72:801-828. [DOI: 10.1124/pr.120.019422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
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Xu X, Xia C, Huang Y. Different roles of intracellular and extracellular reactive oxygen species of neutrophils in type 2 diabetic mice with invasive aspergillosis. Immunobiology 2020; 225:151996. [PMID: 32962816 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2020.151996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic patients have an increased risk of invasive aspergillosis (IA), but the mechanism is still unclear. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced by neutrophils play a key role in defense against Aspergillus infection. Since diabetes mellitus affects the production of ROS from neutrophils, the purpose of this study is to investigate whether this effect is related to the susceptibility of diabetic mice to IA. C57BL/6 mice were used to establish type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) model, and IA was induced by airway infection with Aspergillus fumigatus. After infection, the fungal load, neutrophil count and ROS content in the lung tissues of T2DM mice were higher than those in the control mice, and the inflammation of the lung tissue was more serious. After being exposed to hyphae in vitro, compared with the control group, neutrophils in T2DM mice had higher apoptosis rate and intracellular ROS content, as well as lower viability, extracellular ROS content and fungicidal ability. In summary, after T2DM mice are infected with A. fumigatus, the reduction of extracellular ROS produced by neutrophils may lead to a decrease in fungicidal ability, while the increase of intracellular ROS is related to neutrophil and lung tissue damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianghua Xu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital (Changhai Hospital), Naval Medical University, Changhai Road 168, Yangpu, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Chu Xia
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital (Changhai Hospital), Naval Medical University, Changhai Road 168, Yangpu, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Yi Huang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital (Changhai Hospital), Naval Medical University, Changhai Road 168, Yangpu, Shanghai 200433, China.
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Chen J, Lazarenko OP, Zhao H, Wankhade UD, Pedersen K, Watt J, Ronis MJJ. Nox4 Expression Is Not Required for OVX-Induced Osteoblast Senescence and Bone Loss in Mice. JBMR Plus 2020; 4:e10376. [PMID: 32803108 PMCID: PMC7422714 DOI: 10.1002/jbm4.10376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Estrogen deficiency and aging play critical roles in the pathophysiology of bone as a result of increased oxidative stress. It has been suggested that prevention of NADPH oxidase- (Nox-) dependent accumulation of ROS may be an approach to potentially minimize bone loss caused by these conditions. Using ovariectomized (OVX) and Nox4 gene-deletion mouse models, we investigated the role of Nox4 in OVX-induced bone loss and osteoblast senescence signaling. Six-month-old WT C57Bl6 mice were allocated to a sham control group, OVX, and OVX plus E2 treatment group for 8 weeks. Decreased bone mass including BMD and BMC were found in the OVX group compared with the sham control (p < 0.05); E2 treatment completely reversed OVX-induced bone loss. Interestingly, the prevention of OVX-induced bone loss by E2 was associated with the elimination of increased senescence signaling in bone osteoblastic cells from the OVX group. E2 blunted OVX-induced p53 and p21 overexpression, but not p16 and Nox4 in bone. In addition, 8- and 11-month-old Nox4 KO female mice were OVX for 8 weeks. Significant bone loss and increased bone osteoblastic cell senescence signaling occurred not only in Nox4 KO OVX mice compared with sham-operated animals, but also in 11-month-old Nox4 KO sham mice compared with 8-month-old Nox4 KO sham mice (p < 0.05). These data suggest that Nox4-mediated ROS in bone osteoblastic cells may be dispensable for sex steroid deficiency-induced bone loss and senescence. © 2020 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin‐Ran Chen
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of Arkansas for Medical SciencesLittle RockARUSA
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition CenterLittle RockARUSA
| | - Oxana P Lazarenko
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of Arkansas for Medical SciencesLittle RockARUSA
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition CenterLittle RockARUSA
| | - Haijun Zhao
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of Arkansas for Medical SciencesLittle RockARUSA
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition CenterLittle RockARUSA
| | - Umesh D Wankhade
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of Arkansas for Medical SciencesLittle RockARUSA
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition CenterLittle RockARUSA
| | - Kim Pedersen
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental TherapeuticsLouisiana State University Health Sciences CenterNew OrleansLAUSA
| | - James Watt
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental TherapeuticsLouisiana State University Health Sciences CenterNew OrleansLAUSA
| | - Martin J J Ronis
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental TherapeuticsLouisiana State University Health Sciences CenterNew OrleansLAUSA
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AOP1, a New Live Cell Assay for the Direct and Quantitative Measure of Intracellular Antioxidant Effects. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9060471. [PMID: 32492957 PMCID: PMC7346189 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9060471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Taking advantage of Light Up Cell System (LUCS) technology, which allows for fine monitoring of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production inside live cells, a new assay called Anti Oxidant Power 1 (AOP1) was developed to specifically measure ROS and/or free-radical scavenging effects inside living cells. This method is quantitative and EC50s obtained from AOP1 dose-response experiments were determined in order to classify the intracellular antioxidant efficacy of 15 well known antioxidant compounds with different hydrophilic properties. Six of them (epigallocatechin gallate, quercetin, butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA), butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), ethoxyquin, resveratrol) gave EC50s in the range of 7–64 μM, four (Trolox, catechin, epicatechin, EUK134) in the range of 0.14 to 1 mM, and 5 (sulforaphane, astaxanthin, α- and γ-tocopherols, vitamin E acetate) showed only partial or no effect. Interestingly, effects with measurable EC50s were observed for compounds with hydrophilic properties (LogP ≤ 5.3), while all antioxidants known to act at the plasma membrane level (LogP ≥ 10.3) had partial or no effect. Sulforaphane, a hydrophilic but strict Keap1/Nrf2 pathway enhancer, did not show any effect either. Importantly, AOP1 assay captures both antioxidant and prooxidant effects. Taken together, these results led us to the conclusion that AOP1 assay measures antioxidant effect of compounds that selectively enter the cell, and act as free radical scavengers in the cytosol and/or nucleus level.
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Miyamoto S, Zhang G, Hall D, Oates PJ, Maity S, Madesh M, Han X, Sharma K. Restoring mitochondrial superoxide levels with elamipretide (MTP-131) protects db/db mice against progression of diabetic kidney disease. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:7249-7260. [PMID: 32277051 PMCID: PMC7247302 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.011110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Exposure to chronic hyperglycemia because of diabetes mellitus can lead to development and progression of diabetic kidney disease (DKD). We recently reported that reduced superoxide production is associated with mitochondrial dysfunction in the kidneys of mouse models of type 1 DKD. We also demonstrated that humans with DKD have significantly reduced levels of mitochondrion-derived metabolites in their urine. Here we examined renal superoxide production in a type 2 diabetes animal model, the db/db mouse, and the role of a mitochondrial protectant, MTP-131 (also called elamipretide, SS-31, or Bendavia) in restoring renal superoxide production and ameliorating DKD. We found that 18-week-old db/db mice have reduced renal and cardiac superoxide levels, as measured by dihydroethidium oxidation, and increased levels of albuminuria, mesangial matrix accumulation, and urinary H2O2 Administration of MTP-131 significantly inhibited increases in albuminuria, urinary H2O2, and mesangial matrix accumulation in db/db mice and fully preserved levels of renal superoxide production in these mice. MTP-131 also reduced total renal lysocardiolipin and major lysocardiolipin subspecies and preserved lysocardiolipin acyltransferase 1 expression in db/db mice. These results indicate that, in type 2 diabetes, DKD is associated with reduced renal and cardiac superoxide levels and that MTP-131 protects against DKD and preserves physiological superoxide levels, possibly by regulating cardiolipin remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Miyamoto
- Center for Renal Translational Medicine, Division of Nephrology-Hypertension, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093; Division of Nephrology-Hypertension, Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, La Jolla, California 92093
| | - Guanshi Zhang
- Center for Renal Precision Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78229; Audie L. Murphy Memorial Veterans Affairs Hospital, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, Texas 78229
| | - David Hall
- Institute of Engineering in Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093
| | - Peter J Oates
- Oates Biomedical Consulting, LLC, Old Lyme, Connecticut 06371
| | - Soumya Maity
- Center for Renal Precision Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78229
| | - Muniswamy Madesh
- Center for Renal Precision Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78229
| | - Xianlin Han
- Division of Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78229
| | - Kumar Sharma
- Center for Renal Precision Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78229; Audie L. Murphy Memorial Veterans Affairs Hospital, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, Texas 78229.
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Therapeutic benefits of apocynin in mice with lipopolysaccharide/D-galactosamine-induced acute liver injury via suppression of the late stage pro-apoptotic AMPK/JNK pathway. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 125:110020. [PMID: 32106375 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2019] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The excessive generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) plays crucial roles in the development of acute liver injury. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase (NOX) is responsible for the robust production of ROS under inflammatory circumstance, but the pathological roles of NOX and the pharmacological significance of NOX inhibitor in acute liver injury remains unclear. In the present study, the potential roles of NOX in acute liver injury were investigated in a mouse model with lipopolysaccharide (LPS)/D-galactosamine (D-Gal)-induced acute liver injury. The results indicated that LPS/D-Gal exposure time-dependently increased the level of ROS in liver tissue. Pretreatment with the NOX inhibitor apocynin suppressed LPS/D-Gal induced upregulation of ROS, 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OH-dG), protein carbonyl content and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS). Pretreatment with apocynin also suppressed LPS/D-Gal-induced elevation of aminotransferase, alleviated histological abnormalities, inhibited the production of pro-inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), blocked the activation of caspase cascade, reduced the count of TUNEL-positive cells and prevented LPS/D-Gal-induced mortality. Interestingly, post insult treatment with apocynin also suppressed LPS/D-Gal-induced oxidative stress, hepatocyte apoptosis, liver damage but improved the survival rate. Mechanistically, posttreatment with apocynin prohibited LPS/D-Gal-induced activation of the late stage pro-apoptotic AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)/c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) pathway. Post-insult treatment with the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine also resulted in suppressed activation of AMPK/JNK, mitigated apoptosis and alleviated liver injury. These data suggest that NOX-derived ROS might be a crucial late stage detrimental factor in LPS/D-Gal-induced acute liver injury via promoting the activation of the pro-apoptotic AMPK/JNK pathway, and the NOX inhibitor might have important value in the pharmacological intervention of inflammation-base liver damage.
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Dao VTV, Elbatreek MH, Altenhöfer S, Casas AI, Pachado MP, Neullens CT, Knaus UG, Schmidt HHHW. Isoform-selective NADPH oxidase inhibitor panel for pharmacological target validation. Free Radic Biol Med 2020; 148:60-69. [PMID: 31883469 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2019.12.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Dysfunctional reactive oxygen species (ROS) signaling is considered an important disease mechanism. Therapeutically, non-selective scavenging of ROS by antioxidants, however, has failed in multiple clinical trials to provide patient benefit. Instead, pharmacological modulation of disease-relevant, enzymatic sources of ROS appears to be an alternative, more promising and meanwhile successfully validated approach. With respect to targets, the family of NADPH oxidases (NOX) stands out as main and dedicated ROS sources. Validation of the different NOX isoforms has been mainly through genetically modified rodent models and is lagging behind in other species. It is unclear whether the different NOX isoforms are sufficiently distinct to allow selective pharmacological modulation. Here we show for five widely used NOX inhibitors that isoform selectivity can be achieved, although individual compound specificity is as yet insufficient. NOX1 was most potently (IC50) targeted by ML171 (0.1 μM); NOX2, by VAS2870 (0.7 μM); NOX4, by M13 (0.01 μM) and NOX5, by ML090 (0.01 μM). In addition, some non-specific antioxidant and assay artefacts may limit the interpretation of data, which included, surprisingly, the clinically advanced NOX inhibitor, GKT136901. In a human ischemic blood-brain barrier hyperpermeability model where genetic target validation is not an option, we provide proof-of-principle that pharmacological target validation for different NOX isoforms is possible by applying an inhibitor panel at IC50 concentrations. Moreover, our findings encourage further lead optimization and development efforts for isoform-selective NOX inhibitors in different indications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vu Thao-Vi Dao
- Department for Pharmacology and Personalised Medicine, FHML, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Mahmoud H Elbatreek
- Department for Pharmacology and Personalised Medicine, FHML, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Sebastian Altenhöfer
- Department for Pharmacology and Personalised Medicine, FHML, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Ana I Casas
- Department for Pharmacology and Personalised Medicine, FHML, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Mayra P Pachado
- Department for Pharmacology and Personalised Medicine, FHML, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Christopher T Neullens
- Department for Pharmacology and Personalised Medicine, FHML, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Ulla G Knaus
- Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Harald H H W Schmidt
- Department for Pharmacology and Personalised Medicine, FHML, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
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41
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Zielonka J, Zielonka M, Cheng G, Hardy M, Kalyanaraman B. High-Throughput Screening of NOX Inhibitors. Methods Mol Biol 2020; 1982:429-446. [PMID: 31172487 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-9424-3_25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Development of new, selective inhibitors of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase (NOX) isoforms is important both for basic studies on the role of these enzymes in cellular redox signaling, cell physiology, and proliferation and for development of new drugs for diseases carrying a component of increased NOX activity, such as several types of cancer and cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases. High-throughput screening (HTS) of large libraries of compounds remains the major approach for development of new NOX inhibitors. Here, we describe the protocol for the HTS campaign for NOX inhibitors using rigorous assays for superoxide radical anion and hydrogen peroxide, based on oxidation of hydropropidine, coumarin boronic acid, and Amplex Red. We propose using these three probes to screen for and identify new inhibitors, by selecting positive hits that show inhibitory effects in all three assays. Protocols for the synthesis of hydropropidine and for confirmatory assays, including oxygen consumption measurements, electron paramagnetic resonance spin trapping of superoxide, and simultaneous monitoring of superoxide and hydrogen peroxide, are also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacek Zielonka
- Department of Biophysics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA. .,Free Radical Research Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA. .,Cancer Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.
| | - Monika Zielonka
- Department of Biophysics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.,Free Radical Research Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Gang Cheng
- Department of Biophysics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.,Free Radical Research Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Micael Hardy
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, ICR, UMR 7273, Marseille, France
| | - Balaraman Kalyanaraman
- Department of Biophysics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.,Free Radical Research Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.,Cancer Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
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42
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Scanone AC, Santamarina SC, Heredia DA, Durantini EN, Durantini AM. Functionalized Magnetic Nanoparticles with BODIPYs for Bioimaging and Antimicrobial Therapy Applications. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2020; 3:1061-1070. [DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.9b01035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ana C. Scanone
- IDAS-CONICET, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Ruta Nacional 36 Km 601, X5804BYA Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Sofía C. Santamarina
- IDAS-CONICET, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Ruta Nacional 36 Km 601, X5804BYA Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Daniel A. Heredia
- IDAS-CONICET, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Ruta Nacional 36 Km 601, X5804BYA Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Edgardo N. Durantini
- IDAS-CONICET, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Ruta Nacional 36 Km 601, X5804BYA Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Andrés M. Durantini
- IDAS-CONICET, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Ruta Nacional 36 Km 601, X5804BYA Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
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43
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Rocco-Machado N, Cosentino-Gomes D, Nascimento MT, Paes-Vieira L, Khan YA, Mittra B, Andrews NW, Meyer-Fernandes JR. Leishmania amazonensis ferric iron reductase (LFR1) is a bifunctional enzyme: Unveiling a NADPH oxidase activity. Free Radic Biol Med 2019; 143:341-353. [PMID: 31446054 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2019.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Leishmania amazonensis is one of leishmaniasis' causative agents, a disease that has no cure and leads to the appearance of cutaneous lesions. Recently, our group showed that heme activates a Na+/K+ ATPase in these parasites through a signaling cascade involving hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) generation. Heme has a pro-oxidant activity and signaling capacity, but the mechanism by which this molecule increases H2O2 levels in L. amazonensis has not been elucidated. Here we investigated the source of H2O2 stimulated by heme, ruling out the participation of mitochondria and raising the possibility of a role for a NADPH oxidase (Nox) activity. Despite the absence of a classical Nox sequence in trypanosomatid genomes, L. amazonensis expresses a surface ferric iron reductase (LFR1). Interestingly, Nox enzymes are thought to have evolved from ferric iron reductases because they share same core domain and are very similar in structure. The main difference is that Nox catalyses electron flow from NADPH to oxygen, generating reactive oxygen species (ROS), while ferric iron reductase promotes electron flow to ferric iron, generating ferrous iron. Using L. amazonensis overexpressing or knockout for LFR1 and heterologous expression of LFR1 in mammalian embryonic kidney (HEK 293) cells, we show that this enzyme is bifunctional, being able to generate both ferrous iron and H2O2. It was previously described that protozoans knockout for LFR1 have their differentiation to virulent forms (amastigote and metacyclic promastigote) impaired. In this work, we observed that LFR1 overexpression stimulates protozoan differentiation to amastigote forms, reinforcing the importance of this enzyme in L. amazonensis life cycle regulation. Thus, we not only identified a new source of ROS production in Leishmania, but also described, for the first time, an enzyme with both ferric iron reductase and Nox activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Rocco-Machado
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), CCS, Cidade Universitária, Ilha do Fundão, 21941-590, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Institute of National Science and Technology of Structural Biology and Bioimage (INCTBEB), CCS, Cidade Universitária, Ilha do Fundão, 21941-590, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - D Cosentino-Gomes
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), CCS, Cidade Universitária, Ilha do Fundão, 21941-590, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Institute of National Science and Technology of Structural Biology and Bioimage (INCTBEB), CCS, Cidade Universitária, Ilha do Fundão, 21941-590, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Institute of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, RJ, Brazil
| | - M T Nascimento
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), CCS, Cidade Universitária, Ilha do Fundão, 21941-590, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Institute of National Science and Technology of Structural Biology and Bioimage (INCTBEB), CCS, Cidade Universitária, Ilha do Fundão, 21941-590, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - L Paes-Vieira
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), CCS, Cidade Universitária, Ilha do Fundão, 21941-590, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Institute of National Science and Technology of Structural Biology and Bioimage (INCTBEB), CCS, Cidade Universitária, Ilha do Fundão, 21941-590, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Y A Khan
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, 20742, College Park, MD, United States
| | - B Mittra
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, 20742, College Park, MD, United States
| | - N W Andrews
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, 20742, College Park, MD, United States
| | - J R Meyer-Fernandes
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), CCS, Cidade Universitária, Ilha do Fundão, 21941-590, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Institute of National Science and Technology of Structural Biology and Bioimage (INCTBEB), CCS, Cidade Universitária, Ilha do Fundão, 21941-590, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
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Lee S, Kim SA, Jang HY. Aerobic Oxidation of Benzylic Carbons Using a Guanidine Base. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:17934-17938. [PMID: 31681903 PMCID: PMC6822219 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b03064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Metal-free reaction conditions featuring oxygen and 1,5,7-triazabicyclo[4.4.0]dec-5-ene (TBD) were employed for the selective oxidation of benzyl amines and active methylene compounds to afford various amides and ketones. Owing to the strong basicity of guanidine bases, TBD is presumed to play an important role in the cleavage of the C-H bond at the benzylic position of peroxide intermediates, which were formed by the reaction with oxygen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seulchan Lee
- Department of Energy Systems Research, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Korea
| | - Si Ae Kim
- Department of Energy Systems Research, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Korea
| | - Hye-Young Jang
- Department of Energy Systems Research, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Korea
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45
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Xie K, Varatnitskaya M, Maghnouj A, Bader V, Winklhofer KF, Hahn S, Leichert LI. Activation leads to a significant shift in the intracellular redox homeostasis of neutrophil-like cells. Redox Biol 2019; 28:101344. [PMID: 31639650 PMCID: PMC6807386 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2019.101344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Revised: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils produce a cocktail of oxidative species during the so-called oxidative burst to attack phagocytized bacteria. However, little is known about the neutrophils' redox homeostasis during the oxidative burst and there is currently no consensus about the interplay between oxidative species and cellular signaling, e.g. during the initiation of the production of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). Using the genetically encoded redox sensor roGFP2, expressed in the cytoplasm of the neutrophil-like cell line PLB-985, we saw that stimulation by both PMA and E. coli resulted in oxidation of the thiol residues in this probe. In contrast to the redox state of phagocytized bacteria, which completely breaks down, the neutrophils' cytoplasmic redox state switched from its intital -318 ± 6 mV to a new, albeit higher oxidized, steady state of -264 ± 5 mV in the presence of bacteria. This highly significant oxidation of the cytosol (p value = 7 × 10-5) is dependent on NOX2 activity, but independent of the most effective thiol oxidant produced in neutrophils, MPO-derived HOCl. While the shift in the intracellular redox potential is correlated with effective NETosis, it is, by itself not sufficient: Inhibition of MPO, while not affecting the cytosolic oxidation, significantly decreased NETosis. Furthermore, inhibition of PI3K, which abrogates cytosolic oxidation, did not fully prevent NETosis induced by phagocytosis of bacteria. Thus, we conclude that NET-formation is regulated in a multifactorial way, in part by changes of the cytosolic thiol redox homeostasis in neutrophils, depending on the circumstance under which the generation of NETs was initiated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaibo Xie
- Ruhr University Bochum, Institute of Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Microbial Biochemistry, Bochum, Germany
| | - Marharyta Varatnitskaya
- Ruhr University Bochum, Institute of Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Microbial Biochemistry, Bochum, Germany
| | - Abdelouahid Maghnouj
- Ruhr University Bochum, Department of Molecular Gastrointestinal Oncology, Bochum, Germany
| | - Verian Bader
- Ruhr University Bochum, Institute for Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Molecular Cell Biology, Bochum, Germany
| | - Konstanze F Winklhofer
- Ruhr University Bochum, Institute for Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Molecular Cell Biology, Bochum, Germany
| | - Stephan Hahn
- Ruhr University Bochum, Department of Molecular Gastrointestinal Oncology, Bochum, Germany
| | - Lars I Leichert
- Ruhr University Bochum, Institute of Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Microbial Biochemistry, Bochum, Germany.
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46
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Molecular Interactions Between Reactive Oxygen Species and Autophagy in Kidney Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20153791. [PMID: 31382550 PMCID: PMC6696055 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20153791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2019] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are highly reactive signaling molecules that maintain redox homeostasis in mammalian cells. Dysregulation of redox homeostasis under pathological conditions results in excessive generation of ROS, culminating in oxidative stress and the associated oxidative damage of cellular components. ROS and oxidative stress play a vital role in the pathogenesis of acute kidney injury and chronic kidney disease, and it is well documented that increased oxidative stress in patients enhances the progression of renal diseases. Oxidative stress activates autophagy, which facilitates cellular adaptation and diminishes oxidative damage by degrading and recycling intracellular oxidized and damaged macromolecules and dysfunctional organelles. In this review, we report the current understanding of the molecular regulation of autophagy in response to oxidative stress in general and in the pathogenesis of kidney diseases. We summarize how the molecular interactions between ROS and autophagy involve ROS-mediated activation of autophagy and autophagy-mediated reduction of oxidative stress. In particular, we describe how ROS impact various signaling pathways of autophagy, including mTORC1-ULK1, AMPK-mTORC1-ULK1, and Keap1-Nrf2-p62, as well as selective autophagy including mitophagy and pexophagy. Precise elucidation of the molecular mechanisms of interactions between ROS and autophagy in the pathogenesis of renal diseases may identify novel targets for development of drugs for preventing renal injury.
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Kim JS, Jeong K, Murphy JM, Rodriguez YAR, Lim STS. A Quantitative Method to Measure Low Levels of ROS in Nonphagocytic Cells by Using a Chemiluminescent Imaging System. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:1754593. [PMID: 31285782 PMCID: PMC6594271 DOI: 10.1155/2019/1754593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Revised: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Chemiluminescence (CL) is one of the most useful methods for detecting reactive oxygen species (ROS). Although fluorescence dyes or genetically encoded biosensors have been developed, CL is still used due to its high sensitivity, ease of use, and low cost. While initially established and used to measure high levels of ROS in phagocytic cells, CL assays are not ideal for measuring low levels of ROS. Here, we developed a newly modified CL assay using a chemiluminescent imaging system for measuring low concentrations of ROS in nonphagocytic cells. We found that dissolving luminol in NaOH, rather than DMSO, increased the H2O2-induced CL signal and that the addition of 4-iodophenylboronic acid (4IPBA) further increased CL intensity. Our new system also increased the rate and intensity of the CL signal in phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate- (PMA-) treated HT-29 colon cancer cells compared to those in luminol only. We were able to quantify ROS levels from both cells and media in parallel using an H2O2 standard. A significant benefit to our system is that we can easily measure stimulus-induced ROS formation in a real-time manner and also investigate intracellular signaling pathways from a single sample simultaneously. We found that PMA induced tyrosine phosphorylation of protein tyrosine kinases (PTKs), such as focal adhesion kinase (FAK), protein tyrosine kinase 2 (Pyk2), and Src, and increased actin stress fiber formation in a ROS-dependent manner. Interestingly, treatment with either N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) or diphenyleneiodonium (DPI) reduced the PMA-stimulated phosphorylation of these PTKs, implicating a potential role in cellular ROS signaling. Thus, our newly optimized CL assay using 4IPBA and a chemiluminescent imaging method provides a simple, real-time, and low-cost method for the quantification of low levels of ROS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Sub Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36688, USA
- Department of Biotechnology, Korea National University of Transportation, Jeungpyeong 27909, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyuho Jeong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36688, USA
| | - James M. Murphy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36688, USA
| | - Yelitza A. R. Rodriguez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36688, USA
| | - Ssang-Taek Steve Lim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36688, USA
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Hu J, Zhang Y, Jiang X, Zhang H, Gao Z, Li Y, Fu R, Li L, Li J, Cui H, Gao N. ROS-mediated activation and mitochondrial translocation of CaMKII contributes to Drp1-dependent mitochondrial fission and apoptosis in triple-negative breast cancer cells by isorhamnetin and chloroquine. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2019; 38:225. [PMID: 31138329 PMCID: PMC6540563 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-019-1201-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Background Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is often aggressive and associated with a poor prognosis. Due to the lack of available targeted therapies and to problems of resistance with conventional chemotherapeutic agents, finding new treatments for TNBC remains a challenge and a better therapeutic strategy is urgently required. Methods TNBC cells and xenograft mice were treated with a combination of chloroquine (CQ) and isorhamnetin (IH). Mitochondrial fission, apoptosis, and related signaling pathways were determined by flow cytometry, immunofluorescence, and related molecular biological techniques. Results The inhibition of autophagy/mitophagy by CQ selectively enhances IH-induced mitochondrial fission and apoptosis in TNBC cells but not in estrogen-dependent breast cancer cells. These events were accompanied by mitochondrial translocation of Bax and the release of cytochrome c. Mechanistically, these effects were associated with oxidative stress-mediated phosphorylation of CaMKII (Thr286) and Drp1 (S616), and subsequent mitochondrial translocation of CaMKII and Drp1. The interruption of the CaMKII pathway by genetic approaches (e.g. CaMKII mutant or siRNA) attenuated combination-mediated mitochondrial fission and apoptosis. The combination of CQ/IH was a marked inhibitor tumor growth, inducing apoptosis in the TNBC xenograft mouse model in association with the activation of CaMKII and Drp1 (S616). Conclusions Our study highlights the critical role of ROS-mediating CaMKII/Drp1 signaling in the regulation of mitochondrial fission and apoptosis induced by combination of CQ/IH. These findings also suggest that IH could potentially be further developed as a novel chemotherapeutic agent. Furthermore, a combination of IH with classic autophagy/mitophagy inhibitor could represent a novel therapeutic strategy for the treatment of TNBC. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13046-019-1201-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinjiao Hu
- College of Pharmacy, Army Medical University, 30 Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Yanhao Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Army Medical University, 30 Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Xiuxing Jiang
- College of Pharmacy, Army Medical University, 30 Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Hongwei Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Army Medical University, 30 Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Ziyi Gao
- Greater Philadelphia Pharmacy, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Yunong Li
- College of Pharmacy, Army Medical University, 30 Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Ruoqiu Fu
- College of Pharmacy, Army Medical University, 30 Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Lirong Li
- College of Pharmacy, Army Medical University, 30 Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Jie Li
- College of Pharmacy, Army Medical University, 30 Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Hongjuan Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, 2#Tiansheng Road, Beibei District, Chongqing, 400716, China. .,Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, 2#Tiansheng Road, Beibei District, Chongqing, 400716, China.
| | - Ning Gao
- College of Pharmacy, Army Medical University, 30 Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, China. .,Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China.
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Touyz RM, Anagnostopoulou A, Rios F, Montezano AC, Camargo LL. NOX5: Molecular biology and pathophysiology. Exp Physiol 2019; 104:605-616. [PMID: 30801870 PMCID: PMC6519284 DOI: 10.1113/ep086204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
NEW FINDINGS What is the topic of this review? This review provides a comprehensive overview of Nox5 from basic biology to human disease and highlights unique features of this Nox isoform What advances does it highlight? Major advances in Nox5 biology relate to crystallization of the molecule and new insights into the pathophysiological role of Nox5. Recent discoveries have unravelled the crystal structure of Nox5, the first Nox isoform to be crystalized. This provides new opportunities to develop drugs or small molecules targeted to Nox5 in an isoform-specific manner, possibly for therapeutic use. Moreover genome wide association studies (GWAS) identified Nox5 as a new blood pressure-associated gene and studies in mice expressing human Nox5 in a cell-specific manner have provided new information about the (patho) physiological role of Nox5 in the cardiovascular system and kidneys. Nox5 seems to be important in the regulation of vascular contraction and kidney function. In cardiovascular disease and diabetic nephropathy, Nox5 activity is increased and this is associated with increased production of reactive oxygen species and oxidative stress implicated in tissue damage. ABSTRACT Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidases (Nox), comprise seven family members (Nox1-Nox5 and dual oxidase 1 and 2) and are major producers of reactive oxygen species in mammalian cells. Reactive oxygen species are crucially involved in cell signalling and function. All Noxs share structural homology comprising six transmembrane domains with two haem-binding regions and an NADPH-binding region on the intracellular C-terminus, whereas their regulatory systems, mechanisms of activation and tissue distribution differ. This explains the diverse function of Noxs. Of the Noxs, NOX5 is unique in that rodents lack the gene, it is regulated by Ca2+ , it does not require NADPH oxidase subunits for its activation, and it is not glycosylated. NOX5 localizes in the perinuclear and endoplasmic reticulum regions of cells and traffics to the cell membrane upon activation. It is tightly regulated through numerous post-translational modifications and is activated by vasoactive agents, growth factors and pro-inflammatory cytokines. The exact pathophysiological significance of NOX5 remains unclear, but it seems to be important in the physiological regulation of sperm motility, vascular contraction and lymphocyte differentiation, and NOX5 hyperactivation has been implicated in cardiovascular disease, kidney injury and cancer. The field of NOX5 biology is still in its infancy, but with new insights into its biochemistry and cellular regulation, discovery of the NOX5 crystal structure and genome-wide association studies implicating NOX5 in disease, the time is now ripe to advance NOX5 research. This review provides a comprehensive overview of our current understanding of NOX5, from basic biology to human disease, and highlights the unique characteristics of this enigmatic Nox isoform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhian M. Touyz
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical SciencesBHF Glasgow Cardiovascular CentreUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUK
| | - Aikaterini Anagnostopoulou
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical SciencesBHF Glasgow Cardiovascular CentreUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUK
| | - Francisco Rios
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical SciencesBHF Glasgow Cardiovascular CentreUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUK
| | - Augusto C. Montezano
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical SciencesBHF Glasgow Cardiovascular CentreUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUK
| | - Livia L. Camargo
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical SciencesBHF Glasgow Cardiovascular CentreUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUK
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Wang C, Wang Z, Liu W, Ai Z. ROS-generating oxidase NOX1 promotes the self-renewal activity of CD133+ thyroid cancer cells through activation of the Akt signaling. Cancer Lett 2019; 447:154-163. [PMID: 30690057 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2019.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Revised: 12/31/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Thyroid cancer results from unregulated expansion of a self-renewing tumor-initiating cell population. The regulatory pathways essential for sustaining the self-renewal of tumor-initiating cells remain largely unknown. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a vital role in tumor initiation and progression. In the present study, we found that the level of ROS was higher in CD133 + thyroid cancer cells than in CD133- thyroid cancer cells. The transcriptional level of ROS-generating oxidase NADPH oxidase 1 (NOX1) is high in CD133 + thyroid cancer cells. Activation of STAT3 through phosphorylation is responsible for high activation of NOX1 transcription in CD133 + thyroid cancer cells. Knock down of NOX1 obviously reduced the level of ROS and inhibited the self-renewal activity and tumorigenicity of CD133 + thyroid cancer cells. Furthermore, knock down of NOX1 reduced the activity of PI3K/Akt pathway. Overexpression of active form of Akt rescued the negative effect of NOX1 knockdown on the self-renewal capability of CD133 + thyroid cancer cells. Together, NOX1 promotes the self-renewal property of CD133 + thyroid cancer cells at least partly through activation of the Akt signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Zhenglin Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Zhilong Ai
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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