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Amjadi Z, Hamzehzarghani H, Rodriguez VM, Huang YJ, Farahbakhsh F. Studying temperature's impact on Brassica napus resistance to identify key regulatory mechanisms using comparative metabolomics. Sci Rep 2024; 14:19865. [PMID: 39191882 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-68345-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024] Open
Abstract
To investigate the effects of temperature on Brassica napus (canola) resistance to Leptosphaeria maculans (LM), the causal agent of blackleg disease, metabolic profiles of LM infected resistant (R) and susceptible (S) canola cultivars at 21 °C and 28 °C were analyzed. Metabolites were detected in cotyledons of R and S plants at 48- and 120-h post-inoculation with LM using UPLC-QTOF/MS. The mock-inoculated plants were used as controls. Some of the resistance-related specific pathways, including lipid metabolism, amino acid metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism, and aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis, were down-regulated in S plants but up-regulated in R plants at 21 °C. However, some of these pathways were down-regulated in R plants at 28 °C. Amino acid metabolism, lipid metabolism, alkaloid biosynthesis, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, and flavonoid biosynthesis were the pathways linked to combined heat and pathogen stresses. By using network analysis and enrichment analysis, these pathways were identified as important. The pathways of carotenoid biosynthesis, pyrimidine metabolism, and lysine biosynthesis were identified as unique mechanisms related to heat stress and may be associated with the breakdown of resistance against the pathogen. The increased susceptibility of R plants at 28 °C resulted in the down-regulation of signal transduction pathway components and compromised signaling, particularly during the later stages of infection. Deactivating LM-specific signaling networks in R plants under heat stress may result in compatible responses and deduction in signaling metabolites, highlighting global warming challenges in crop disease control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Amjadi
- Plant Protection Department, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | - Víctor Manuel Rodriguez
- Group of Genetics, Breeding and Biochemistry of Brassicas, Misión Biológica de Galicia (MBG-CSIC), Apartado 28, 36080, Pontevedra, Spain
| | - Yong-Ju Huang
- Centre for Agriculture, Food and Environmental Management, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, Hertfordshire, AL10 9AB, UK
| | - Farideh Farahbakhsh
- Plant Protection Research Department, Fars Agricultural and Natural Resources and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education, and Extension Organization (AREEO), Darab, Iran
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Qiao Q, Wang X, Su Z, Han C, Zhao K, Qi K, Xie Z, Huang X, Zhang S. PuNDH9, a subunit of ETC Complex I regulates plant defense by interacting with PuPR1. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 341:112009. [PMID: 38316345 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2024.112009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
NAD+ and NADH play critical roles in energy metabolism, cell death, and gene expression. The NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase complex (Complex I) has been long known as a key enzyme in NAD+ and NADH metabolism. In the present study, we found and analyzed a new subunit of Complex I (NDH9), which was isolated from Pyrus ussuriensis combined with RT-PCR. Following infection with A. alternata, RT-qPCR analysis demonstrated an increase in the expression of PuNDH9. Genetic manipulation of PuNDH9 levels suggested that PuNDH9 plays key roles in NADH/NAD+ homeostasis, defense enzyme activities, ROS generation, cell death, gene expression, energy metabolism, and mitochondrial functions during the pear- A. alternata interaction. Furthermore, Y2H, GST-pull down, and a split-luciferase complementation imaging assays revealed that PuNDH9 interacts with PuPR1. We discover that PuNDH9 and PuPR1 synergistically activate defense enzyme activities, ROS accumulation, cell death, and plant defenses. Collectively, our findings reveal that PuNDH9 is likely important for plant defenses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinghai Qiao
- College of Life Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xin Wang
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Zhiyuan Su
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Chenyang Han
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Keke Zhao
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Kaijie Qi
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Zhihua Xie
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xiaosan Huang
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Shaoling Zhang
- College of Life Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
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Fukuda Y, Ishiyama C, Kawai-Yamada M, Hashida SN. Adjustment of light-responsive NADP dynamics in chloroplasts by stromal pH. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7148. [PMID: 37932304 PMCID: PMC10628217 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42995-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyclic electron transfer (CET) predominates when NADP+ is at basal levels, early in photosynthetic induction; however, the mechanism underlying the subsequent supply of NADP+ to fully drive steady-state linear electron transfer remains unclear. Here, we investigated whether CET is involved in de novo NADP+ supply in Arabidopsis thaliana and measured chloroplastic NADP dynamics to evaluate responsiveness to variable light, photochemical inhibitors, darkness, and CET activity. The sum of oxidized and reduced forms shows that levels of NADP and NAD increase and decrease, respectively, in response to light; levels of NADP and NAD decrease and increase in the dark, respectively. Moreover, consistent with the pH change in the stroma, the pH preference of chloroplast NAD+ phosphorylation and NADP+ dephosphorylation is alkaline and weakly acidic, respectively. Furthermore, CET is correlated with upregulation of light-responsive NADP level increases and downregulation of dark-responsive NADP level reductions. These findings are consistent with CET helping to regulate NADP pool size via stromal pH regulation under fluctuating light conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Fukuda
- Civil Engineering Research & Environmental Studies (CERES), Inc., 1646, Abiko, Chiba, 270-1194, Japan
| | - Chinami Ishiyama
- Civil Engineering Research & Environmental Studies (CERES), Inc., 1646, Abiko, Chiba, 270-1194, Japan
| | - Maki Kawai-Yamada
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, 255 Shimo-Okubo, Sakura-ku, Saitama, 338-8570, Japan
| | - Shin-Nosuke Hashida
- Sustainable System Research Laboratory, Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry (CRIEPI), 1646, Abiko, Chiba, 270-1194, Japan.
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Liu Y, Wu P, Li B, Wang W, Zhu B. Phosphoribosyltransferases and Their Roles in Plant Development and Abiotic Stress Response. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11828. [PMID: 37511586 PMCID: PMC10380321 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycosylation is a widespread glycosyl modification that regulates gene expression and metabolite bioactivity in all life processes of plants. Phosphoribosylation is a special glycosyl modification catalyzed by phosphoribosyltransferase (PRTase), which functions as a key step in the biosynthesis pathway of purine and pyrimidine nucleotides, histidine, tryptophan, and coenzyme NAD(P)+ to control the production of these essential metabolites. Studies in the past decades have reported that PRTases are indispensable for plant survival and thriving, whereas the complicated physiological role of PRTases in plant life and their crosstalk is not well understood. Here, we comprehensively overview and critically discuss the recent findings on PRTases, including their classification, as well as the function and crosstalk in regulating plant development, abiotic stress response, and the balance of growth and stress responses. This review aims to increase the understanding of the role of plant PRTase and also contribute to future research on the trade-off between plant growth and stress response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Liu
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Peiwen Wu
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Bowen Li
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Weihao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Benzhong Zhu
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
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da Fonseca-Pereira P, Monteiro-Batista RDC, Araújo WL, Nunes-Nesi A. Harnessing enzyme cofactors and plant metabolism: an essential partnership. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 114:1014-1036. [PMID: 36861364 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Cofactors are fundamental to the catalytic activity of enzymes. Additionally, because plants are a critical source of several cofactors (i.e., including their vitamin precursors) within the context of human nutrition, there have been several studies aiming to understand the metabolism of coenzymes and vitamins in plants in detail. For example, compelling evidence has been brought forth regarding the role of cofactors in plants; specifically, it is becoming increasingly clear that an adequate supply of cofactors in plants directly affects their development, metabolism, and stress responses. Here, we review the state-of-the-art knowledge on the significance of coenzymes and their precursors with regard to general plant physiology and discuss the emerging functions attributed to them. Furthermore, we discuss how our understanding of the complex relationship between cofactors and plant metabolism can be used for crop improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula da Fonseca-Pereira
- National Institute of Science and Technology on Plant Physiology under Stress Conditions, Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Rita de Cássia Monteiro-Batista
- National Institute of Science and Technology on Plant Physiology under Stress Conditions, Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Wagner L Araújo
- National Institute of Science and Technology on Plant Physiology under Stress Conditions, Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Adriano Nunes-Nesi
- National Institute of Science and Technology on Plant Physiology under Stress Conditions, Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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6
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Zu Y, Miyagi A, Hashida SN, Ishikawa T, Yamaguchi M, Kawai-Yamada M. Loss of chloroplast-localized NAD kinase causes ROS stress in Arabidopsis thaliana. JOURNAL OF PLANT RESEARCH 2023; 136:97-106. [PMID: 36367584 DOI: 10.1007/s10265-022-01420-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Chloroplast-localized NAD kinase (NADK2) is responsible for the production of NADP+, which is an electron acceptor in the linear electron flow of photosynthesis. The Arabidopsis T-DNA-inserted mutant of NADK2 (nadk2) showed delayed growth and pale-green leaves under continuous light conditions. Under short-day conditions (8 h light / 16 h dark), the nadk2 mutant showed more severe growth inhibition.The genomic fragment containing the promoter and coding region of NADK2 complemented the phenotypes of nadk2 obtained under continuous light and short-day conditions. The nadk2 mutant produced higher amounts of H2O2 and O2-, which were reduced in the complementary line. Under short-day conditions, the nadk2 mutant accumulated more H2O2 than under continuous light conditions. The accumulation of ascorbate and up-regulation of the PDF1.2 and PR1 genes indicated that the nadk2 mutant is under ROS stress and responding to keep its living activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhui Zu
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, 225 Shimo-Okubo, Sakura-Ku, Saitama-City, Saitama, 338-8570, Japan
| | - Atsuko Miyagi
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, 225 Shimo-Okubo, Sakura-Ku, Saitama-City, Saitama, 338-8570, Japan
- Graduate School of Faculty of Agriculture, Yamagata University, 1-23, Wakaba-Machi, , Tsuruoka-Shi, Yamagata, 997-8555, Japan
| | - Shin-Nosuke Hashida
- Sustainable Systems Research Laboratory, Biological and Environmental Chemistry Research Division, Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry (CRIEPI), 1646 Abiko, Chiba, 270-1194, Japan
| | - Toshiki Ishikawa
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, 225 Shimo-Okubo, Sakura-Ku, Saitama-City, Saitama, 338-8570, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Yamaguchi
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, 225 Shimo-Okubo, Sakura-Ku, Saitama-City, Saitama, 338-8570, Japan
| | - Maki Kawai-Yamada
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, 225 Shimo-Okubo, Sakura-Ku, Saitama-City, Saitama, 338-8570, Japan.
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7
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Vaitkevičiūtė G, Aleliūnas A, Gibon Y, Armonienė R. Comparative Analysis of Antioxidant Accumulation under Cold Acclimation, Deacclimation and Reacclimation in Winter Wheat. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:2818. [PMID: 36365271 PMCID: PMC9659242 DOI: 10.3390/plants11212818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Low temperature during cold acclimation (CA) leads to the accumulation of detrimental reactive oxygen species (ROS) in plant tissues, which are scavenged by antioxidants, such as ascorbate and glutathione. However, there is a lack of studies examining the dynamics of antioxidants throughout CA, deacclimation (DEA), and reacclimation (REA) in winter wheat. Six winter wheat genotypes were selected to assess the effect of CA, DEA, and REA on the concentrations of ascorbate and glutathione in leaf and crown tissues under two CA temperature treatments. Higher levels of total, reduced, and oxidised ascorbate were determined in leaves, whereas crowns accumulated higher concentrations of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) after CA, DEA, and REA. Constant low temperature (CLT) during CA led to higher contents of ascorbate and glutathione in both tissues at all stages of acclimation, in comparison with prolonged higher low temperature (PHLT). The concentrations of antioxidants increased after CA, tended to decrease after DEA, and returned to CA levels after REA. Significant positive correlations between freezing tolerance (FT) and antioxidants were only determined under the CA at CLT treatment, thus, affirming the negative effect of PHLT during CA on the FT of winter wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabija Vaitkevičiūtė
- Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry, Institute of Agriculture, Instituto al. 1, LT-58344 Kėdainiai, Lithuania
| | - Andrius Aleliūnas
- Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry, Institute of Agriculture, Instituto al. 1, LT-58344 Kėdainiai, Lithuania
| | - Yves Gibon
- UMR 1332 Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie (BFP), INRAE, Université de Bordeaux, 33882 Bordeaux, France
| | - Rita Armonienė
- Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry, Institute of Agriculture, Instituto al. 1, LT-58344 Kėdainiai, Lithuania
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Kopczewski T, Kuźniak E, Ciereszko I, Kornaś A. Alterations in Primary Carbon Metabolism in Cucumber Infected with Pseudomonas syringae pv lachrymans: Local and Systemic Responses. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232012418. [PMID: 36293272 PMCID: PMC9603868 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The reconfiguration of the primary metabolism is essential in plant–pathogen interactions. We compared the local metabolic responses of cucumber leaves inoculated with Pseudomonas syringae pv lachrymans (Psl) with those in non-inoculated systemic leaves, by examining the changes in the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotides pools, the concentration of soluble carbohydrates and activities/gene expression of carbohydrate metabolism-related enzymes, the expression of photosynthesis-related genes, and the tricarboxylic acid cycle-linked metabolite contents and enzyme activities. In the infected leaves, Psl induced a metabolic signature with an altered [NAD(P)H]/[NAD(P)+] ratio; decreased glucose and sucrose contents, along with a changed invertase gene expression; and increased glucose turnover and accumulation of raffinose, trehalose, and myo-inositol. The accumulation of oxaloacetic and malic acids, enhanced activities, and gene expression of fumarase and l-malate dehydrogenase, as well as the increased respiration rate in the infected leaves, indicated that Psl induced the tricarboxylic acid cycle. The changes in gene expression of ribulose-l,5-bis-phosphate carboxylase/oxygenase large unit, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase and chloroplast glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase were compatible with a net photosynthesis decline described earlier. Psl triggered metabolic changes common to the infected and non-infected leaves, the dynamics of which differed quantitatively (e.g., malic acid content and metabolism, glucose-6-phosphate accumulation, and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity) and those specifically related to the local or systemic response (e.g., changes in the sugar content and turnover). Therefore, metabolic changes in the systemic leaves may be part of the global effects of local infection on the whole-plant metabolism and also represent a specific acclimation response contributing to balancing growth and defense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Kopczewski
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 90-237 Lodz, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Kuźniak
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 90-237 Lodz, Poland
- Correspondence:
| | - Iwona Ciereszko
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bialystok, 15-245 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Andrzej Kornaś
- Institute of Biology, Pedagogical University of Krakow, 30-084 Kraków, Poland
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Transcriptomic and Metabolomic Analysis of the Response of Quinoa Seedlings to Low Temperatures. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12070977. [PMID: 35883533 PMCID: PMC9312504 DOI: 10.3390/biom12070977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Quinoa, a cool-weather high-altitude crop, is susceptible to low-temperature stress throughout its reproductive phase. Herein, we performed broadly targeted metabolic profiling of quinoa seedlings to explore the metabolites’ dynamics in response to low-temperature stress and transcriptome analysis to determine the underlying genetic mechanisms. Two variants, namely, Dian Quinoa 2324 and Dian Quinoa 281, were exposed to temperatures of −2, 5, and 22 °C. A total of 794 metabolites were detected; 52,845 genes, including 6628 novel genes, were annotated using UPLC-MS/MS analysis and the Illumina HiSeq system. Combined with morphological indicators to resolve the mechanism underlying quinoa seedling response to low-temperature stress, the molecular mechanisms of quinoa changed considerably based on temperature exposure. Soluble sugars heavily accumulated in plants with cold damage and changes in regulatory networks under freeze damage, such as the upregulation of α-linolenic acid metabolism and a reduction in energy substrates, may explain the spatial patterns of biosynthesis and accumulation of these metabolites. Genes that are actively expressed during cold responses, as revealed by co-expression analyses, may be involved in the regulation thereof. These results provide insights into the metabolic factors in quinoa under low-temperature stress and provide a reference for the screening of quinoa varieties resistant to low temperature.
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Batista-Silva W, Carvalho de Oliveira A, Martins AO, Siqueira JA, Rodrigues-Salvador A, Omena-Garcia RP, Medeiros DB, Peres LEP, Ribeiro DM, Zsögön A, Fernie AR, Nunes-Nesi A, Araújo WL. Reduced auxin signalling through the cyclophilin gene DIAGEOTROPICA impacts tomato fruit development and metabolism during ripening. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:4113-4128. [PMID: 35383842 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erac143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Auxin is an important hormone playing crucial roles during fruit growth and ripening; however, the metabolic impact of changes in auxin signalling during tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) ripening remains unclear. Here, we investigated the significance of changes in auxin signalling during different stages of fruit development by analysing changes in tomato fruit quality and primary metabolism using mutants with either lower or higher auxin sensitivity [diageotropica (dgt) and entire mutants, respectively]. Altered auxin sensitivity modifies metabolism, through direct impacts on fruit respiration and fruit growth. We verified that the dgt mutant plants exhibit reductions in fruit set, total fruit dry weight, fruit size, number of seeds per fruit, and fresh weight loss during post-harvest. Sugar accumulation was associated with delayed fruit ripening in dgt, probably connected with reduced ethylene levels and respiration, coupled with a lower rate of starch degradation. In contrast, despite exhibiting parthenocarpy, increased auxin perception (entire) did not alter fruit ripening, leading to only minor changes in primary metabolism. By performing a comprehensive analysis, our results connect auxin signalling and metabolic changes during tomato fruit development, indicating that reduced auxin signalling led to extensive changes in sugar concentration and starch metabolism during tomato fruit ripening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Willian Batista-Silva
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | | | - João Antonio Siqueira
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Rebeca P Omena-Garcia
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - David Barbosa Medeiros
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Central Metabolism Group, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Lázaro Eustáquio Pereira Peres
- Departmento de Ciências Biológicas, Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz, Universidade de São Paulo, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Dimas Mendes Ribeiro
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Agustín Zsögön
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Alisdair R Fernie
- Central Metabolism Group, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Adriano Nunes-Nesi
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Wagner L Araújo
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Yue L, Uwaremwe C, Tian Y, Liu Y, Zhao X, Zhou Q, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Liu B, Cui Z, Dun C, Wang R. Bacillus amyloliquefaciens Rescues Glycyrrhizic Acid Loss Under Drought Stress in Glycyrrhiza uralensis by Activating the Jasmonic Acid Pathway. Front Microbiol 2022; 12:798525. [PMID: 35368293 PMCID: PMC8966401 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.798525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Drought is a major factor limiting the production of the perennial medicinal plant Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch. (Fabaceae) in Northwest China. In this study, 1-year-old potted plants were inoculated with the strain Bacillus amyloliquefaciens FZB42, using a gradient of concentrations (CFU), to test for microbe-induced host tolerance to drought condition treatments in a greenhouse experiment. At the concentration of 108 CFU ml-1, FZB42 had significant growth-promoting effect on G. uralensis: the root biomass was 1.52, 0.84, 0.94, and 0.38 times that under normal watering and mild, moderate, and severe drought stress conditions, respectively. Under moderate drought, the positive impact of FZB42 on G. uralensis growth was most pronounced, with both developing axial and lateral roots strongly associated with indoleacetic acid (IAA) accumulation. An untargeted metabolomic analysis and physiological measurements of mature roots revealed that FZB42 improved the antioxidant system of G. uralensis through the accumulation of proline and sucrose, two osmotic adjustment solutes, and by promoting catalase (CAT) activity under moderate drought stress. Furthermore, significantly higher levels of total flavonoids, liquiritin, and glycyrrhizic acid (GA), the pharmacologically active substances of G. uralensis, were found in the roots of inoculated plants after FZB42 inoculation under all imposed drought conditions. The jasmonic acid (JA) content, which is closely related to plant defense responses and secondary metabolites' production, was greatly increased in roots after the bacterial inoculations, indicating that FZB42 activated the JA pathway. Taken together, our results demonstrate that inoculation with FZB42 alleviates the losses in production and pharmacological metabolites of G. uralensis caused by drought via the JA pathway's activation. These results provide a developed prospect of a microbial agent to improve the yield and quality of medical plants in arid and semi-arid regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Yue
- Key Laboratory of Stress Physiology and Ecology in Cold and Arid Regions of Gansu Province, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China.,Gansu Gaolan Field Scientific Observation and Research Station for Agricultural Ecosystem, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Constantine Uwaremwe
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, China
| | - Yuan Tian
- Key Laboratory of Stress Physiology and Ecology in Cold and Arid Regions of Gansu Province, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China.,Gansu Gaolan Field Scientific Observation and Research Station for Agricultural Ecosystem, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Stress Physiology and Ecology in Cold and Arid Regions of Gansu Province, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China.,Gansu Gaolan Field Scientific Observation and Research Station for Agricultural Ecosystem, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xia Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Stress Physiology and Ecology in Cold and Arid Regions of Gansu Province, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China.,Gansu Gaolan Field Scientific Observation and Research Station for Agricultural Ecosystem, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qin Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Stress Physiology and Ecology in Cold and Arid Regions of Gansu Province, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China.,Gansu Gaolan Field Scientific Observation and Research Station for Agricultural Ecosystem, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yun Wang
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Desert and Desertification, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yubao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Stress Physiology and Ecology in Cold and Arid Regions of Gansu Province, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China.,Gansu Gaolan Field Scientific Observation and Research Station for Agricultural Ecosystem, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bailong Liu
- Gansu Institute for Drug Control, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zengtuan Cui
- The General Station of Construction and Protection for The Cultivated Land and Quality of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China
| | - Chengchao Dun
- School of Management, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Ruoyu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Stress Physiology and Ecology in Cold and Arid Regions of Gansu Province, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China.,Gansu Gaolan Field Scientific Observation and Research Station for Agricultural Ecosystem, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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12
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Smith EN, Schwarzländer M, Ratcliffe RG, Kruger NJ. Shining a light on NAD- and NADP-based metabolism in plants. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 26:1072-1086. [PMID: 34281784 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2021.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The pyridine nucleotides nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide [NAD(H)] and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate [NADP(H)] simultaneously act as energy transducers, signalling molecules, and redox couples. Recent research into photosynthetic optimisation, photorespiration, immunity, hypoxia/oxygen signalling, development, and post-harvest metabolism have all identified pyridine nucleotides as key metabolites. Further understanding will require accurate description of NAD(P)(H) metabolism, and genetically encoded fluorescent biosensors have recently become available for this purpose. Although these biosensors have begun to provide novel biological insights, their limitations must be considered and the information they provide appropriately interpreted. We provide a framework for understanding NAD(P)(H) metabolism and explore what fluorescent biosensors can, and cannot, tell us about plant biology, looking ahead to the pressing questions that could be answered with further development of these tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward N Smith
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RB, UK; Current address: Department of Molecular Systems Biology, University of Groningen, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Markus Schwarzländer
- Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology (IBBP), Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, D-48143 Münster, Germany
| | | | - Nicholas J Kruger
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RB, UK
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13
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Allwood JW, Williams A, Uthe H, van Dam NM, Mur LAJ, Grant MR, Pétriacq P. Unravelling Plant Responses to Stress-The Importance of Targeted and Untargeted Metabolomics. Metabolites 2021; 11:558. [PMID: 34436499 PMCID: PMC8398504 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11080558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Climate change and an increasing population, present a massive global challenge with respect to environmentally sustainable nutritious food production. Crop yield enhancements, through breeding, are decreasing, whilst agricultural intensification is constrained by emerging, re-emerging, and endemic pests and pathogens, accounting for ~30% of global crop losses, as well as mounting abiotic stress pressures, due to climate change. Metabolomics approaches have previously contributed to our knowledge within the fields of molecular plant pathology and plant-insect interactions. However, these remain incredibly challenging targets, due to the vast diversity in metabolite volatility and polarity, heterogeneous mixtures of pathogen and plant cells, as well as rapid rates of metabolite turn-over. Unravelling the systematic biochemical responses of plants to various individual and combined stresses, involves monitoring signaling compounds, secondary messengers, phytohormones, and defensive and protective chemicals. This demands both targeted and untargeted metabolomics approaches, as well as a range of enzymatic assays, protein assays, and proteomic and transcriptomic technologies. In this review, we focus upon the technical and biological challenges of measuring the metabolome associated with plant stress. We illustrate the challenges, with relevant examples from bacterial and fungal molecular pathologies, plant-insect interactions, and abiotic and combined stress in the environment. We also discuss future prospects from both the perspective of key innovative metabolomic technologies and their deployment in breeding for stress resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- James William Allwood
- Environmental and Biochemical Sciences, James Hutton Institute, Errol Road, Invergowrie, Dundee DD2 5DA, UK
| | - Alex Williams
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK;
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, Biosciences, The University of Sheffield Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - Henriette Uthe
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Molecular Interaction Ecology Group, Friedrich-Schiller University Jena, Puschstr. 4, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (H.U.); (N.M.v.D.)
| | - Nicole M. van Dam
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Molecular Interaction Ecology Group, Friedrich-Schiller University Jena, Puschstr. 4, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (H.U.); (N.M.v.D.)
| | - Luis A. J. Mur
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences (IBERS), Edward Llwyd Building, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth SY23 3DA, UK;
| | - Murray R. Grant
- Gibbet Hill Campus, School of Life Sciences, The University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK;
| | - Pierre Pétriacq
- UMR 1332 Fruit Biology and Pathology, Centre INRAE de Nouvelle Aquitaine Bordeaux, University of Bordeaux, 33140 Villenave d’Ornon, France
- Bordeaux Metabolome, MetaboHUB, PHENOME-EMPHASIS, Centre INRAE de Nouvelle Aquitaine-Bordeaux, 33140 Villenave d’Ornon, France
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14
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Knockdown of Quinolinate Phosphoribosyltransferase Results in Decreased Salicylic Acid-Mediated Pathogen Resistance in Arabidopsis thaliana. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22168484. [PMID: 34445186 PMCID: PMC8395217 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) is a pivotal coenzyme that has emerged as a central hub linking redox equilibrium and signal transduction in living cells. The homeostasis of NAD is required for plant growth, development, and adaption to environmental stresses. Quinolinate phosphoribosyltransferase (QPRT) is a key enzyme in NAD de novo synthesis pathway. T-DNA-based disruption of QPRT gene is embryo lethal in Arabidopsis thaliana. Therefore, to investigate the function of QPRT in Arabidopsis, we generated transgenic plants with decreased QPRT using the RNA interference approach. While interference of QPRT gene led to an impairment of NAD biosynthesis, the QPRT RNAi plants did not display distinguishable phenotypes under the optimal condition in comparison with wild-type plants. Intriguingly, they exhibited enhanced sensitivity to an avirulent strain of Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato (Pst-avrRpt2), which was accompanied by a reduction in salicylic acid (SA) accumulation and down-regulation of pathogenesis-related genes expression as compared with the wild type. Moreover, oxidative stress marker genes including GSTU24, OXI1, AOX1 and FER1 were markedly repressed in the QPRT RNAi plants. Taken together, these data emphasized the importance of QPRT in NAD biosynthesis and immunity defense, suggesting that decreased antibacterial immunity through the alteration of NAD status could be attributed to SA- and reactive oxygen species-dependent pathways.
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15
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Sasidharan R, Schippers JHM, Schmidt RR. Redox and low-oxygen stress: signal integration and interplay. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 186:66-78. [PMID: 33793937 PMCID: PMC8154046 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiaa081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Plants are aerobic organisms relying on oxygen to serve their energy needs. The amount of oxygen available to sustain plant growth can vary significantly due to environmental constraints or developmental programs. In particular, flooding stress, which negatively impacts crop productivity, is characterized by a decline in oxygen availability. Oxygen fluctuations result in an altered redox balance and the formation of reactive oxygen/nitrogen species (ROS/RNS) during the onset of hypoxia and upon re-oxygenation. In this update, we provide an overview of the current understanding of the impact of redox and ROS/RNS on low-oxygen signaling and adaptation. We first focus on the formation of ROS and RNS during low-oxygen conditions. Following this, we examine the impact of hypoxia on cellular and organellar redox systems. Finally, we describe how redox and ROS/RNS participate in signaling events during hypoxia through potential post-translational modifications (PTMs) of hypoxia-relevant proteins. The aim of this update is to define our current understanding of the field and to provide avenues for future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashmi Sasidharan
- Plant Ecophysiology, Institute of Environmental Biology, Utrecht University, Utrecht 3584 CH, The Netherlands
| | - Jos H M Schippers
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK) Gatersleben, Seeland 06466, Germany
| | - Romy R Schmidt
- Faculty of Biology, Plant Biotechnology Group, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld 33615, Germany
- Author for communication:
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16
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Selinski J, Scheibe R. Central Metabolism in Mammals and Plants as a Hub for Controlling Cell Fate. Antioxid Redox Signal 2021; 34:1025-1047. [PMID: 32620064 PMCID: PMC8060724 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2020.8121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Significance: The importance of oxidoreductases in energy metabolism together with the occurrence of enzymes of central metabolism in the nucleus gave rise to the active research field aiming to understand moonlighting enzymes that undergo post-translational modifications (PTMs) before carrying out new tasks. Recent Advances: Cytosolic enzymes were shown to induce gene transcription after PTM and concomitant translocation to the nucleus. Changed properties of the oxidized forms of cytosolic glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase, and also malate dehydrogenases and others, are the basis for a hypothesis suggesting moonlighting functions that directly link energy metabolism to adaptive responses required for maintenance of redox-homeostasis in all eukaryotes. Critical Issues: Small molecules, such as metabolic intermediates, coenzymes, or reduced glutathione, were shown to fine-tune the redox switches, interlinking redox state, metabolism, and induction of new functions via nuclear gene expression. The cytosol with its metabolic enzymes connecting energy fluxes between the various cell compartments can be seen as a hub for redox signaling, integrating the different signals for graded and directed responses in stressful situations. Future Directions: Enzymes of central metabolism were shown to interact with p53 or the assumed plant homologue suppressor of gamma response 1 (SOG1), an NAM, ATAF, and CUC transcription factor involved in the stress response upon ultraviolet exposure. Metabolic enzymes serve as sensors for imbalances, their inhibition leading to changed energy metabolism, and the adoption of transcriptional coactivator activities. Depending on the intensity of the impact, rerouting of energy metabolism, proliferation, DNA repair, cell cycle arrest, immune responses, or cell death will be induced. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 34, 1025-1047.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Selinski
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants, Faculty of Biology, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Renate Scheibe
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Biology/Chemistry, Osnabrueck University, Osnabrueck, Germany
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17
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Deslous P, Bournonville C, Decros G, Okabe Y, Mauxion JP, Jorly J, Gadin S, Brès C, Mori K, Ferrand C, Prigent S, Ariizumi T, Ezura H, Hernould M, Rothan C, Pétriacq P, Gibon Y, Baldet P. Overproduction of ascorbic acid impairs pollen fertility in tomato. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021; 72:3091-3107. [PMID: 33530105 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Ascorbate is a major antioxidant buffer in plants. Several approaches have been used to increase the ascorbate content of fruits and vegetables. Here, we combined forward genetics with mapping-by-sequencing approaches using an ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS)-mutagenized Micro-Tom population to identify putative regulators underlying a high-ascorbate phenotype in tomato fruits. Among the ascorbate-enriched mutants, the family with the highest fruit ascorbate level (P17C5, up to 5-fold wild-type level) had strongly impaired flower development and produced seedless fruit. Genetic characterization was performed by outcrossing P17C5 with cv. M82. We identified the mutation responsible for the ascorbate-enriched trait in a cis-acting upstream open reading frame (uORF) involved in the downstream regulation of GDP-l-galactose phosphorylase (GGP). Using a specific CRISPR strategy, we generated uORF-GGP1 mutants and confirmed the ascorbate-enriched phenotype. We further investigated the impact of the ascorbate-enriched trait in tomato plants by phenotyping the original P17C5 EMS mutant, the population of outcrossed P17C5 × M82 plants, and the CRISPR-mutated line. These studies revealed that high ascorbate content is linked to impaired floral organ architecture, particularly anther and pollen development, leading to male sterility. RNA-seq analysis suggested that uORF-GGP1 acts as a regulator of ascorbate synthesis that maintains redox homeostasis to allow appropriate plant development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Deslous
- Université de Bordeaux, INRAE, UMR 1332 BFP, 33882 Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Céline Bournonville
- Université de Bordeaux, INRAE, UMR 1332 BFP, 33882 Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Guillaume Decros
- Université de Bordeaux, INRAE, UMR 1332 BFP, 33882 Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Yoshihiro Okabe
- Gene Research Centre, Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai Tsukuba, Ibaraki 205-8572, Japan
| | | | - Joana Jorly
- Université de Bordeaux, INRAE, UMR 1332 BFP, 33882 Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Stéphanie Gadin
- Université de Bordeaux, INRAE, UMR 1332 BFP, 33882 Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Cécile Brès
- Université de Bordeaux, INRAE, UMR 1332 BFP, 33882 Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Kentaro Mori
- Université de Bordeaux, INRAE, UMR 1332 BFP, 33882 Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Carine Ferrand
- Université de Bordeaux, INRAE, UMR 1332 BFP, 33882 Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Sylvain Prigent
- Université de Bordeaux, INRAE, UMR 1332 BFP, 33882 Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Tohru Ariizumi
- Gene Research Centre, Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai Tsukuba, Ibaraki 205-8572, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ezura
- Gene Research Centre, Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai Tsukuba, Ibaraki 205-8572, Japan
| | - Michel Hernould
- Université de Bordeaux, INRAE, UMR 1332 BFP, 33882 Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Christophe Rothan
- Université de Bordeaux, INRAE, UMR 1332 BFP, 33882 Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Pierre Pétriacq
- Université de Bordeaux, INRAE, UMR 1332 BFP, 33882 Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Yves Gibon
- Université de Bordeaux, INRAE, UMR 1332 BFP, 33882 Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Pierre Baldet
- Université de Bordeaux, INRAE, UMR 1332 BFP, 33882 Villenave d'Ornon, France
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18
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Feitosa-Araujo E, da Fonseca-Pereira P, Pena MM, Medeiros DB, Perez de Souza L, Yoshida T, Weber APM, Araújo WL, Fernie AR, Schwarzländer M, Nunes-Nesi A. Changes in intracellular NAD status affect stomatal development in an abscisic acid-dependent manner. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 104:1149-1168. [PMID: 32996222 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) plays a central role in redox metabolism in all domains of life. Additional roles in regulating posttranslational protein modifications and cell signaling implicate NAD as a potential integrator of central metabolism and programs regulating stress responses and development. Here we found that NAD negatively impacts stomatal development in cotyledons of Arabidopsis thaliana. Plants with reduced capacity for NAD+ transport from the cytosol into the mitochondria or the peroxisomes exhibited reduced numbers of stomatal lineage cells and reduced stomatal density. Cotyledons of plants with reduced NAD+ breakdown capacity and NAD+ -treated cotyledons also presented reduced stomatal number. Expression of stomatal lineage-related genes was repressed in plants with reduced expression of NAD+ transporters as well as in plants treated with NAD+ . Impaired NAD+ transport was further associated with an induction of abscisic acid (ABA)-responsive genes. Inhibition of ABA synthesis rescued the stomatal phenotype in mutants deficient in intracellular NAD+ transport, whereas exogenous NAD+ feeding of aba-2 and ost1 seedlings, impaired in ABA synthesis and ABA signaling, respectively, did not impact stomatal number, placing NAD upstream of ABA. Additionally, in vivo measurement of ABA dynamics in seedlings of an ABA-specific optogenetic reporter - ABAleon2.1 - treated with NAD+ showed increases in ABA content suggesting that NAD+ impacts on stomatal development through ABA synthesis and signaling. Our results demonstrate that intracellular NAD+ homeostasis as set by synthesis, breakdown and transport is essential for normal stomatal development, and provide a link between central metabolism, hormone signaling and developmental plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elias Feitosa-Araujo
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, 36570-900, Brazil
- Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, University of Münster, Schlossplatz 8, Münster, 48143, Germany
| | - Paula da Fonseca-Pereira
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Mateus M Pena
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - David B Medeiros
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, Potsdam-Golm, 14476, Germany
| | - Leonardo Perez de Souza
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, Potsdam-Golm, 14476, Germany
| | - Takuya Yoshida
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, Potsdam-Golm, 14476, Germany
| | - Andreas P M Weber
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, 40225, Germany
| | - Wagner L Araújo
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Alisdair R Fernie
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, Potsdam-Golm, 14476, Germany
| | - Markus Schwarzländer
- Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, University of Münster, Schlossplatz 8, Münster, 48143, Germany
| | - Adriano Nunes-Nesi
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, 36570-900, Brazil
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19
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Verhage L. Shining new light on NAD. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 104:1147-1148. [PMID: 33253482 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
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20
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Zhang Y, Krahnert I, Bolze A, Gibon Y, Fernie AR. Adenine Nucleotide and Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Measurements in Plants. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 5:e20115. [PMID: 32841544 DOI: 10.1002/cppb.20115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
As the principal co-factors of many metabolic pathways, the measurement of both adenine nucleotides and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide provides important information about cellular energy metabolism. However, given their rapid and reversible conversion as well as their relatively low concentration ranges, it is difficult to measure these compounds. Here, we describe a highly sensitive and selective ion-pairing HPLC method with fluorescence detection to quantify adenine nucleotides in plants. In addition, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide is a crucially important redox-active substrate for multiple catabolic and anabolic reactions with the ratios of NAD+ /NADH and NADP+ /NADPH being suggested as indicators of the general intracellular redox potential and hence metabolic state. Here, we describe highly sensitive enzyme cycling-based colorimetric assays (with a detection limit in the pmol range) performed subsequent to a simple extraction procedure involving acid or base extraction to allow the measurement of the cellular levels of these metabolites. © 2020 The Authors. Basic Protocol 1: Preparation of plant material for the measurement Basic Protocol 2: Measurement of ATP, ADP, and AMP via HPLC Basic Protocol 3: NAD+ /NADP+ measurements Basic Protocol 4: NADH/NADPH measurements Basic Protocol 5: Data analysis and quality control approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youjun Zhang
- Center of Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology, Plovdiv, Bulgaria.,Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Ina Krahnert
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Antje Bolze
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Yves Gibon
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRAE), University of Bordeaux, Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Alisdair R Fernie
- Center of Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology, Plovdiv, Bulgaria.,Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
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21
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Singh RR, Verstraeten B, Siddique S, Tegene AM, Tenhaken R, Frei M, Haeck A, Demeestere K, Pokhare S, Gheysen G, Kyndt T. Ascorbate oxidation activates systemic defence against root-knot nematode Meloidogyne graminicola in rice. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2020; 71:4271-4284. [PMID: 32242224 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Ascorbic acid (AA) is the major antioxidant buffer produced in the shoot tissue of plants. Previous studies on root-knot nematode (RKN; Meloidogyne graminicola)-infected rice (Oryza sativa) plants showed differential expression of AA-recycling genes, although their functional role was unknown. Our results confirmed increased dehydroascorbate (DHA) levels in nematode-induced root galls, while AA mutants were significantly more susceptible to nematode infection. External applications of ascorbate oxidase (AO), DHA, or reduced AA, revealed systemic effects of ascorbate oxidation on rice defence versus RKN, associated with a primed accumulation of H2O2 upon nematode infection. To confirm and further investigate these systemic effects, a transcriptome analysis was done on roots of foliar AO-treated plants, revealing activation of the ethylene (ET) response and jasmonic acid (JA) biosynthesis pathways in roots, which was confirmed by hormone measurements. Activation of these pathways by methyl-JA, or ethephon treatment can complement the susceptibility phenotype of the rice Vitamin C (vtc1) mutant. Experiments on the jasmonate signalling (jar1) mutant or using chemical JA/ET inhibitors confirm that the effects of ascorbate oxidation are dependent on both the JA and ET pathways. Collectively, our data reveal a novel pathway in which ascorbate oxidation induces systemic defence against RKNs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Shahid Siddique
- Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation, Department of Molecular Phytomedicine, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, UC Davis, One Shields Avenue, CA, USA
| | | | - Raimund Tenhaken
- Department of Bio Sciences; Plant Physiology, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Michael Frei
- Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation, Crop Science, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Ashley Haeck
- Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Research Group EnVOC, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kristof Demeestere
- Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Research Group EnVOC, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Somnath Pokhare
- Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation, Department of Molecular Phytomedicine, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Tina Kyndt
- Department of Biotechnology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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22
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Alipour S, Wojciechowska N, Stolarska E, Bilska K, Kalemba EM. NAD(P)-Driven Redox Status Contributes to Desiccation Tolerance in Acer seeds. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 61:1158-1167. [PMID: 32267948 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcaa044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Desiccation tolerance is a developmental program enabling seed survival in a dry state and is common in seeds categorized as orthodox. We focused on NAD and its phosphorylated form (NADP) because their continual switching between reduced (NAD(P)H) and oxidized (NAD(P)+) forms is involved in the modulation of redox signaling and the determination of the reducing power and further antioxidant responses. Norway maple and sycamore seeds representing the orthodox and recalcitrant categories, respectively, were used as models in a comparison of responses to water loss. The process of desiccation up to 10% water content (WC) was monitored in Norway maple seeds, while dehydration up to 30% WC was monitored in desiccation-sensitive sycamore seeds. Norway maple and sycamore seeds, particularly their embryonic axes, exhibited a distinct redox status during dehydration and desiccation. High NADPH levels, NAD+ accumulation, low and stable NAD(P)H/NAD(P)+ ratios expressed as reducing power and high NADPH-dependent enzyme activity were reported in Norway maple seeds and were considered attributes of orthodox-type seeds. The contrasting results of sycamore seeds contributed to their low antioxidant capacity and high sensitivity to desiccation. NADPH deficiency, low NADPH-dependent enzyme activity and lack of NAD+ accumulation were primary features of sycamore seeds, with implications for their NAD(P)H/NAD(P)+ ratios and reducing power and with effects on many seed traits. Thus, we propose that the distinct levels of pyridine nucleotides and their redox status contribute to orthodox and recalcitrant phenotype differentiation in seeds by affecting cellular redox signaling, metabolism and the antioxidant system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirin Alipour
- Institute of Dendrology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Parkowa 5, 62-035 Kórnik, Poland
- Department of Forestry, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Natalia Wojciechowska
- Institute of Dendrology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Parkowa 5, 62-035 Kórnik, Poland
- Department of General Botany, Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 6, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Ewelina Stolarska
- Institute of Dendrology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Parkowa 5, 62-035 Kórnik, Poland
| | - Karolina Bilska
- Institute of Dendrology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Parkowa 5, 62-035 Kórnik, Poland
| | - Ewa Marzena Kalemba
- Institute of Dendrology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Parkowa 5, 62-035 Kórnik, Poland
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23
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Feitosa-Araujo E, de Souza Chaves I, Florian A, da Fonseca-Pereira P, Condori Apfata JA, Heyneke E, Medeiros DB, Pires MV, Mettler-Altmann T, Neuhaus HE, Palmieri F, Ara�jo WL, Obata T, Weber APM, Linka N, Fernie AR, Nunes-Nesi A. Downregulation of a Mitochondrial NAD+ Transporter (NDT2) Alters Seed Production and Germination in Arabidopsis. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 61:897-908. [PMID: 32065636 PMCID: PMC7217668 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcaa017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/08/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Despite the fundamental importance of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) for metabolism, the physiological roles of NAD+ carriers in plants remain unclear. We previously characterized the Arabidopsis thaliana gene (At1g25380), named AtNDT2, encoding a protein located in the mitochondrial inner membrane, which imports NAD+ from the cytosol using ADP and AMP as counter-exchange substrates for NAD+. Here, we further investigated the physiological roles of NDT2, by isolating a T-DNA insertion line, generating an antisense line and characterizing these genotypes in detail. Reduced NDT2 expression affected reproductive phase by reducing total seed yield. In addition, reduced seed germination and retardation in seedling establishment were observed in the mutant lines. Moreover, remarkable changes in primary metabolism were observed in dry and germinated seeds and an increase in fatty acid levels was verified during seedling establishment. Furthermore, flowers and seedlings of NDT2 mutants displayed upregulation of de novo and salvage pathway genes encoding NAD+ biosynthesis enzymes, demonstrating the transcriptional control mediated by NDT2 activity over these genes. Taken together, our results suggest that NDT2 expression is fundamental for maintaining NAD+ balance amongst organelles that modulate metabolism, physiology and developmental processes of heterotrophic tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elias Feitosa-Araujo
- Max Planck Partner Group, Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Vi�osa, Vi�osa 36570-900, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Izabel de Souza Chaves
- Max Planck Partner Group, Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Vi�osa, Vi�osa 36570-900, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Alexandra Florian
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am M�hlenberg 1, Potsdam-Golm 14476, Germany
| | - Paula da Fonseca-Pereira
- Max Planck Partner Group, Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Vi�osa, Vi�osa 36570-900, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Jorge Alberto Condori Apfata
- Max Planck Partner Group, Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Vi�osa, Vi�osa 36570-900, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Elmien Heyneke
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am M�hlenberg 1, Potsdam-Golm 14476, Germany
| | - David Barbosa Medeiros
- Max Planck Partner Group, Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Vi�osa, Vi�osa 36570-900, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am M�hlenberg 1, Potsdam-Golm 14476, Germany
| | - Marcel Viana Pires
- Max Planck Partner Group, Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Vi�osa, Vi�osa 36570-900, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Tabea Mettler-Altmann
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Heinrich Heine University D�sseldorf, D�sseldorf 40225, Germany
| | - H Ekkehard Neuhaus
- Department of Plant Physiology, University of Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern 67663, Germany
| | - Ferdinando Palmieri
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Bari 70125, Italy
| | - Wagner L Ara�jo
- Max Planck Partner Group, Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Vi�osa, Vi�osa 36570-900, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Toshihiro Obata
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am M�hlenberg 1, Potsdam-Golm 14476, Germany
| | - Andreas P M Weber
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Heinrich Heine University D�sseldorf, D�sseldorf 40225, Germany
| | - Nicole Linka
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Heinrich Heine University D�sseldorf, D�sseldorf 40225, Germany
| | - Alisdair R Fernie
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am M�hlenberg 1, Potsdam-Golm 14476, Germany
- Corresponding authors: Alisdair R. Fernie, E-mail, ; Adriano Nunes-Nesi, E-mail,
| | - Adriano Nunes-Nesi
- Max Planck Partner Group, Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Vi�osa, Vi�osa 36570-900, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Corresponding authors: Alisdair R. Fernie, E-mail, ; Adriano Nunes-Nesi, E-mail,
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24
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Wei M, Zhuang Y, Li H, Li P, Huo H, Shu D, Huang W, Wang S. The cloning and characterization of hypersensitive to salt stress mutant, affected in quinolinate synthase, highlights the involvement of NAD in stress-induced accumulation of ABA and proline. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 102:85-98. [PMID: 31733117 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Revised: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD), a ubiquitous coenzyme, is required for many physiological reactions and processes. However, it remains largely unknown how NAD affects plant response to salt stress. We isolated a salt-sensitive mutant named hypersensitive to salt stress (hss) from an ethyl methanesulfonate-induced mutation population. A point mutation was identified by MutMap in the encoding region of Quinolinate Synthase (QS) gene required for the de novo synthesis of NAD. This point mutation caused a substitution of amino acid in the highly-conserved NadA domain of QS, resulting in an impairment of NAD biosynthesis in the mutant. Molecular and chemical complementation have restored the response of the hss mutant to salt stress, indicating that the decreased NAD contents in the mutant were responsible for its hypersensitivity to salt stress. Furthermore, the endogenous levels of abscisic acid (ABA) and proline were also reduced in stress-treated hss mutant. The application of ABA or proline could alleviate stress-induced oxidative damage of the mutant and partially rescue its hypersensitivity to salt stress, but not affect NAD concentration. Taken together, our results demonstrated that the NadA domain of QS is important for NAD biosynthesis, and NAD participates in plant response to salt stress by affecting stress-induced accumulation of ABA and proline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Wei
- CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yong Zhuang
- CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Hui Li
- CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Penghui Li
- CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Heqiang Huo
- Mid-Florida Research and Education Center, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Apopka, FL, 32703, USA
| | - Dan Shu
- CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Weizao Huang
- CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Songhu Wang
- CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Southeast Asia Biodiversity Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yezin, Nay Pyi Taw, 05282, Myanmar
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25
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Fernie A, Hashida SN, Yoshimura K, Gakière B, Mou Z, Pétriacq P. Editorial: NAD Metabolism and Signaling in Plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:146. [PMID: 32161612 PMCID: PMC7054218 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alisdair Fernie
- Department of Molecular Physiology, MPI of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Shin-nosuke Hashida
- Environmental Science Research Laboratory, Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry (CRIEPI), Abiko-shi, Japan
| | - Kazuya Yoshimura
- Department of Food and Nutritional Science, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology Chubu University, Kasugai, Japan
| | - Bertrand Gakière
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), UMR 9213/UMR1403, CNRS, INRAE, Université d’Evry, Université Paris-Diderot, Université Paris-Sud, Sorbonne Paris-Cité, Saclay Plant Sciences, Orsay, France
| | - Zhonglin Mou
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Pierre Pétriacq
- Université de Bordeaux, INRAE, UMR BFP, Plateforme Bordeaux Metabolome, Villenave d’Ornon, France
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26
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da Fonseca-Pereira P, Souza PVL, Hou LY, Schwab S, Geigenberger P, Nunes-Nesi A, Timm S, Fernie AR, Thormählen I, Araújo WL, Daloso DM. Thioredoxin h2 contributes to the redox regulation of mitochondrial photorespiratory metabolism. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2020; 43:188-208. [PMID: 31378951 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Revised: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Thioredoxins (TRXs) are important proteins involved in redox regulation of metabolism. In plants, it has been shown that the mitochondrial metabolism is regulated by the mitochondrial TRX system. However, the functional significance of TRX h2, which is found at both cytosol and mitochondria, remains unclear. Arabidopsis plants lacking TRX h2 showed delayed seed germination and reduced respiration alongside impaired stomatal and mesophyll conductance, without impacting photosynthesis under ambient O2 conditions. However, an increase in the stoichiometry of photorespiratory CO2 release was found during O2 -dependent gas exchange measurements in trxh2 mutants. Metabolite profiling of trxh2 leaves revealed alterations in key metabolites of photorespiration and in several metabolites involved in respiration and amino acid metabolism. Decreased abundance of serine hydroxymethyltransferase and glycine decarboxylase (GDC) H and L subunits as well as reduced NADH/NAD+ ratios were also observed in trxh2 mutants. We further demonstrated that the redox status of GDC-L is altered in trxh2 mutants in vivo and that recombinant TRX h2 can deactivate GDC-L in vitro, indicating that this protein is redox regulated by the TRX system. Collectively, our results demonstrate that TRX h2 plays an important role in the redox regulation of mitochondrial photorespiratory metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula da Fonseca-Pereira
- Max-Planck Partner Group at the Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Paulo V L Souza
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, 60451-970, Brazil
| | - Liang-Yu Hou
- Department Biology I, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Planegg-Martinsried, 82152, Germany
| | - Saskia Schwab
- Plant Physiology Department, University of Rostock, Rostock, D-18051, Germany
| | - Peter Geigenberger
- Department Biology I, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Planegg-Martinsried, 82152, Germany
| | - Adriano Nunes-Nesi
- Max-Planck Partner Group at the Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Stefan Timm
- Plant Physiology Department, University of Rostock, Rostock, D-18051, Germany
| | - Alisdair R Fernie
- Department Willmitzer, Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm, 14476, Germany
| | - Ina Thormählen
- Department Biology I, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Planegg-Martinsried, 82152, Germany
| | - Wagner L Araújo
- Max-Planck Partner Group at the Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Danilo M Daloso
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, 60451-970, Brazil
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27
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de Souza Chaves I, Feitosa-Araújo E, Florian A, Medeiros DB, da Fonseca‐Pereira P, Charton L, Heyneke E, Apfata JA, Pires MV, Mettler‐Altmann T, Araújo WL, Neuhaus HE, Palmieri F, Obata T, Weber AP, Linka N, Fernie AR, Nunes‐Nesi A. The mitochondrial NAD + transporter (NDT1) plays important roles in cellular NAD + homeostasis in Arabidopsis thaliana. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2019; 100:487-504. [PMID: 31278825 PMCID: PMC6900047 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Revised: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+ ) is an essential coenzyme required for all living organisms. In eukaryotic cells, the final step of NAD+ biosynthesis is exclusively cytosolic. Hence, NAD+ must be imported into organelles to support their metabolic functions. Three NAD+ transporters belonging to the mitochondrial carrier family (MCF) have been biochemically characterized in plants. AtNDT1 (At2g47490), focus of the current study, AtNDT2 (At1g25380), targeted to the inner mitochondrial membrane, and AtPXN (At2g39970), located in the peroxisomal membrane. Although AtNDT1 was presumed to reside in the chloroplast membrane, subcellular localization experiments with green fluorescent protein (GFP) fusions revealed that AtNDT1 locates exclusively in the mitochondrial membrane in stably transformed Arabidopsis plants. To understand the biological function of AtNDT1 in Arabidopsis, three transgenic lines containing an antisense construct of AtNDT1 under the control of the 35S promoter alongside a T-DNA insertional line were evaluated. Plants with reduced AtNDT1 expression displayed lower pollen viability, silique length, and higher rate of seed abortion. Furthermore, these plants also exhibited an increased leaf number and leaf area concomitant with higher photosynthetic rates and higher levels of sucrose and starch. Therefore, lower expression of AtNDT1 was associated with enhanced vegetative growth but severe impairment of the reproductive stage. These results are discussed in the context of the mitochondrial localization of AtNDT1 and its important role in the cellular NAD+ homeostasis for both metabolic and developmental processes in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izabel de Souza Chaves
- Max Planck Partner GroupDepartamento de Biologia VegetalUniversidade Federal de Viçosa36570‐900ViçosaMinas GeraisBrazil
| | - Elias Feitosa-Araújo
- Max Planck Partner GroupDepartamento de Biologia VegetalUniversidade Federal de Viçosa36570‐900ViçosaMinas GeraisBrazil
| | - Alexandra Florian
- Max‐Planck‐Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology Am Mühlenberg 114476Potsdam‐GolmGermany
| | - David B. Medeiros
- Max Planck Partner GroupDepartamento de Biologia VegetalUniversidade Federal de Viçosa36570‐900ViçosaMinas GeraisBrazil
| | - Paula da Fonseca‐Pereira
- Max Planck Partner GroupDepartamento de Biologia VegetalUniversidade Federal de Viçosa36570‐900ViçosaMinas GeraisBrazil
| | - Lennart Charton
- Department of Plant BiochemistryHeinrich Heine University Düsseldorf40225DüsseldorfGermany
| | - Elmien Heyneke
- Max‐Planck‐Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology Am Mühlenberg 114476Potsdam‐GolmGermany
| | - Jorge A.C. Apfata
- Max Planck Partner GroupDepartamento de Biologia VegetalUniversidade Federal de Viçosa36570‐900ViçosaMinas GeraisBrazil
| | - Marcel V. Pires
- Max Planck Partner GroupDepartamento de Biologia VegetalUniversidade Federal de Viçosa36570‐900ViçosaMinas GeraisBrazil
| | - Tabea Mettler‐Altmann
- Department of Plant BiochemistryHeinrich Heine University Düsseldorf40225DüsseldorfGermany
| | - Wagner L. Araújo
- Max Planck Partner GroupDepartamento de Biologia VegetalUniversidade Federal de Viçosa36570‐900ViçosaMinas GeraisBrazil
| | - H. Ekkehard Neuhaus
- Department of Plant PhysiologyUniversity of KaiserslauternD‐67663KaiserslauternGermany
| | - Ferdinando Palmieri
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnology and BiopharmaceuticsUniversity of Bari70125BariItaly
| | - Toshihiro Obata
- Max‐Planck‐Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology Am Mühlenberg 114476Potsdam‐GolmGermany
| | - Andreas P.M. Weber
- Department of Plant BiochemistryHeinrich Heine University Düsseldorf40225DüsseldorfGermany
| | - Nicole Linka
- Department of Plant BiochemistryHeinrich Heine University Düsseldorf40225DüsseldorfGermany
| | - Alisdair R. Fernie
- Max‐Planck‐Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology Am Mühlenberg 114476Potsdam‐GolmGermany
| | - Adriano Nunes‐Nesi
- Max Planck Partner GroupDepartamento de Biologia VegetalUniversidade Federal de Viçosa36570‐900ViçosaMinas GeraisBrazil
- Max‐Planck‐Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology Am Mühlenberg 114476Potsdam‐GolmGermany
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28
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Decros G, Beauvoit B, Colombié S, Cabasson C, Bernillon S, Arrivault S, Guenther M, Belouah I, Prigent S, Baldet P, Gibon Y, Pétriacq P. Regulation of Pyridine Nucleotide Metabolism During Tomato Fruit Development Through Transcript and Protein Profiling. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:1201. [PMID: 31681351 PMCID: PMC6798084 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Central metabolism is the engine of plant biomass, supplying fruit growth with building blocks, energy, and biochemical cofactors. Among metabolic cornerstones, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) is particularly pivotal for electron transfer through reduction-oxidation (redox) reactions, thus participating in a myriad of biochemical processes. Besides redox functions, NAD is now assumed to act as an integral regulator of signaling cascades involved in growth and environmental responses. However, the regulation of NAD metabolism and signaling during fruit development remains poorly studied and understood. Here, we benefit from RNAseq and proteomic data obtained from nine growth stages of tomato fruit (var. Moneymaker) to dissect mRNA and protein profiles that link to NAD metabolism, including de novo biosynthesis, recycling, utilization, and putative transport. As expected for a cofactor synthesis pathway, protein profiles failed to detect enzymes involved in NAD synthesis or utilization, except for nicotinic acid phosphoribosyltransferase (NaPT) and nicotinamidase (NIC), which suggested that most NAD metabolic enzymes were poorly represented quantitatively. Further investigations on transcript data unveiled differential expression patterns during fruit development. Interestingly, among specific NAD metabolism-related genes, early de novo biosynthetic genes were transcriptionally induced in very young fruits, in association with NAD kinase, while later stages of fruit growth rather showed an accumulation of transcripts involved in later stages of de novo synthesis and in NAD recycling, which agreed with augmented NAD(P) levels. In addition, a more global overview of 119 mRNA and 78 protein significant markers for NAD(P)-dependent enzymes revealed differential patterns during tomato growth that evidenced clear regulations of primary metabolism, notably with respect to mitochondrial functions. Overall, we propose that NAD metabolism and signaling are very dynamic in the developing tomato fruit and that its differential regulation is certainly critical to fuel central metabolism linking to growth mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sophie Colombié
- UMR 1332 BFP, INRA, Univ. Bordeaux, Villenave d’Ornon, France
| | - Cécile Cabasson
- UMR 1332 BFP, INRA, Univ. Bordeaux, Villenave d’Ornon, France
- MetaboHUB-Bordeaux, MetaboHUB, Phenome-Emphasis, Villenave d’Ornon, France
| | - Stéphane Bernillon
- UMR 1332 BFP, INRA, Univ. Bordeaux, Villenave d’Ornon, France
- MetaboHUB-Bordeaux, MetaboHUB, Phenome-Emphasis, Villenave d’Ornon, France
| | - Stéphanie Arrivault
- Department 2, Metabolic Networks, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Manuela Guenther
- Department 2, Metabolic Networks, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Isma Belouah
- UMR 1332 BFP, INRA, Univ. Bordeaux, Villenave d’Ornon, France
| | - Sylvain Prigent
- UMR 1332 BFP, INRA, Univ. Bordeaux, Villenave d’Ornon, France
- MetaboHUB-Bordeaux, MetaboHUB, Phenome-Emphasis, Villenave d’Ornon, France
| | - Pierre Baldet
- UMR 1332 BFP, INRA, Univ. Bordeaux, Villenave d’Ornon, France
| | - Yves Gibon
- UMR 1332 BFP, INRA, Univ. Bordeaux, Villenave d’Ornon, France
- MetaboHUB-Bordeaux, MetaboHUB, Phenome-Emphasis, Villenave d’Ornon, France
| | - Pierre Pétriacq
- UMR 1332 BFP, INRA, Univ. Bordeaux, Villenave d’Ornon, France
- MetaboHUB-Bordeaux, MetaboHUB, Phenome-Emphasis, Villenave d’Ornon, France
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29
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Limitations of Deuterium-Labelled Substrates for Quantifying NADPH Metabolism in Heterotrophic Arabidopsis Cell Cultures. Metabolites 2019; 9:metabo9100205. [PMID: 31569392 PMCID: PMC6835633 DOI: 10.3390/metabo9100205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Revised: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
NADPH is the primary source of cellular reductant for biosynthesis, and strategies for increasing productivity via metabolic engineering need to take account of the requirement for reducing power. In plants, while the oxidative pentose phosphate pathway is the most direct route for NADPH production in heterotrophic tissues, there is increasing evidence that other pathways make significant contributions to redox balance. Deuterium-based isotopic labelling strategies have recently been developed to quantify the relative production of NADPH from different pathways in mammalian cells, but the application of these methods to plants has not been critically evaluated. In this study, LC-MS was used to measure deuterium incorporation into metabolites extracted from heterotrophic Arabidopsis cell cultures grown on [1-2H]glucose or D2O. The results show that a high rate of flavin-enzyme-catalysed water exchange obscures labelling of NADPH from deuterated substrates and that this exchange cannot be accurately accounted for due to exchange between triose- and hexose-phosphates. In addition, the duplication of NADPH generating reactions between subcellular compartments can confound analysis based on whole cell extracts. Understanding how the structure of the metabolic network affects the applicability of deuterium labelling methods is a prerequisite for development of more effective flux determination strategies, ensuring data are both quantitative and representative of endogenous biological processes.
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30
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Charton L, Plett A, Linka N. Plant peroxisomal solute transporter proteins. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 61:817-835. [PMID: 30761734 PMCID: PMC6767901 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.12790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Plant peroxisomes are unique subcellular organelles which play an indispensable role in several key metabolic pathways, including fatty acid β-oxidation, photorespiration, and degradation of reactive oxygen species. The compartmentalization of metabolic pathways into peroxisomes is a strategy for organizing the metabolic network and improving pathway efficiency. An important prerequisite, however, is the exchange of metabolites between peroxisomes and other cell compartments. Since the first studies in the 1970s scientists contributed to understanding how solutes enter or leave this organelle. This review gives an overview about our current knowledge of the solute permeability of peroxisomal membranes described in plants, yeast, mammals and other eukaryotes. In general, peroxisomes contain in their bilayer membrane specific transporters for hydrophobic fatty acids (ABC transporter) and large cofactor molecules (carrier for ATP, NAD and CoA). Smaller solutes with molecular masses below 300-400 Da, like the organic acids malate, oxaloacetate, and 2-oxoglutarate, are shuttled via non-selective channels across the peroxisomal membrane. In comparison to yeast, human, mammals and other eukaryotes, the function of these known peroxisomal transporters and channels in plants are discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lennart Charton
- Institute for Plant Biochemistry and Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS)Heinrich Heine UniversityUniversitätsstrasse 140225 DüsseldorfGermany
| | - Anastasija Plett
- Institute for Plant Biochemistry and Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS)Heinrich Heine UniversityUniversitätsstrasse 140225 DüsseldorfGermany
| | - Nicole Linka
- Institute for Plant Biochemistry and Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS)Heinrich Heine UniversityUniversitätsstrasse 140225 DüsseldorfGermany
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Zhang X, Wang Y, Zhou X. Ligation-Based qPCR-Amplification Assay for Radiolabel-Free Detection of ATP and NAD + with High Selectivity and Sensitivity. Anal Chem 2019; 91:1665-1670. [PMID: 30572701 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b05663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
We have developed a new sensing system based on quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction assay (qPCR) to detect adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) with high sensitivity and selectivity. T4 DNA ligase can catalyze the ligation of two short oligonucleotides (DNA1 and DNA2), which complement a template (cDNA), in the presence of its cofactor, ATP, resulting in increased template concentration and decreased Ct values in qPCR assays. Similarly, the Escherichia coli DNA ligase is also able to catalyze the ligation of DNA1 and DNA2 upon the addition of NAD+. Moreover, this approach has potential for detecting other important cofactors in related systems. Therefore, as a convenient and sensitive strategy, the method may light new beacons and find broad application in biological fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiong Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of the Ministry of Education, The Institute for Advanced Studies, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology , Wuhan University , Wuhan , Hubei 430072 , PR China
| | - Yafen Wang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of the Ministry of Education, The Institute for Advanced Studies, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology , Wuhan University , Wuhan , Hubei 430072 , PR China
| | - Xiang Zhou
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of the Ministry of Education, The Institute for Advanced Studies, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology , Wuhan University , Wuhan , Hubei 430072 , PR China
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Decros G, Baldet P, Beauvoit B, Stevens R, Flandin A, Colombié S, Gibon Y, Pétriacq P. Get the Balance Right: ROS Homeostasis and Redox Signalling in Fruit. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:1091. [PMID: 31620143 PMCID: PMC6760520 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Plant central metabolism generates reactive oxygen species (ROS), which are key regulators that mediate signalling pathways involved in developmental processes and plant responses to environmental fluctuations. These highly reactive metabolites can lead to cellular damage when the reduction-oxidation (redox) homeostasis becomes unbalanced. Whilst decades of research have studied redox homeostasis in leaves, fundamental knowledge in fruit biology is still fragmentary. This is even more surprising when considering the natural profusion of fruit antioxidants that can process ROS and benefit human health. In this review, we explore redox biology in fruit and provide an overview of fruit antioxidants with recent examples. We further examine the central role of the redox hub in signalling during development and stress, with particular emphasis on ascorbate, also referred to as vitamin C. Progress in understanding the molecular mechanisms involved in the redox regulations that are linked to central metabolism and stress pathways will help to define novel strategies for optimising fruit nutritional quality, fruit production and storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Decros
- UMR 1332 BFP, INRA, Univ. Bordeaux, Villenave d’Ornon, France
- *Correspondence: Guillaume Decros, ; Pierre Pétriacq,
| | - Pierre Baldet
- UMR 1332 BFP, INRA, Univ. Bordeaux, Villenave d’Ornon, France
| | | | | | - Amélie Flandin
- UMR 1332 BFP, INRA, Univ. Bordeaux, Villenave d’Ornon, France
- MetaboHUB-Bordeaux, MetaboHUB, Phenome-Emphasis, Villenave d’Ornon, France
| | - Sophie Colombié
- UMR 1332 BFP, INRA, Univ. Bordeaux, Villenave d’Ornon, France
| | - Yves Gibon
- UMR 1332 BFP, INRA, Univ. Bordeaux, Villenave d’Ornon, France
- MetaboHUB-Bordeaux, MetaboHUB, Phenome-Emphasis, Villenave d’Ornon, France
| | - Pierre Pétriacq
- UMR 1332 BFP, INRA, Univ. Bordeaux, Villenave d’Ornon, France
- MetaboHUB-Bordeaux, MetaboHUB, Phenome-Emphasis, Villenave d’Ornon, France
- *Correspondence: Guillaume Decros, ; Pierre Pétriacq,
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33
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Alferez FM, Gerberich KM, Li JL, Zhang Y, Graham JH, Mou Z. Exogenous Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Induces Resistance to Citrus Canker in Citrus. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:1472. [PMID: 30356715 PMCID: PMC6189366 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) is a universal electron carrier that participates in important intracellular metabolic reactions and signaling events. Interestingly, emerging evidence in animals indicates that cellular NAD can be actively or passively released into the extracellular space, where it is processed or perceived by ectoenzymes or cell-surface receptors. We have recently shown in Arabidopsis thaliana that exogenous NAD induces defense responses, that pathogen infection leads to release of NAD into the extracellular space at concentrations sufficient for defense activation, and that depletion of extracellular NAD (eNAD) by transgenic expression of the human NAD-hydrolyzing ectoenzyme CD38 inhibits plant immunity. We therefore hypothesize that, during plant-microbe interactions, NAD is released from dead or dying cells into the extracellular space where it interacts with adjacent naïve cells' surface receptors, which in turn activate downstream immune signaling. However, it is currently unknown whether eNAD signaling is unique to Arabidopsis or the Brassicaceae family. In this study, we treated citrus plants with exogenous NAD+ and tested NAD+-induced transcriptional changes and disease resistance. Our results show that NAD+ induces profound transcriptome changes and strong resistance to citrus canker, a serious citrus disease caused by the bacterial pathogen Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri (Xcc). Furthermore, NAD+-induced resistance persists in new flushes emerging after removal of the tissues previously treated with NAD+. Finally, NAD+ treatment primes citrus tissues, resulting in a faster and stronger induction of multiple salicylic acid pathway genes upon subsequent Xcc infection. Taken together, these results indicate that exogenous NAD+ is able to induce immune responses in citrus and suggest that eNAD may also be an elicitor in this woody plant species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando M. Alferez
- Citrus Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Lake Alfred, FL, United States
- Southwest Florida Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Immokalee, FL, United States
| | - Kayla M. Gerberich
- Citrus Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Lake Alfred, FL, United States
| | - Jian-Liang Li
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Yanping Zhang
- Interdisciplinary Center for Biotechnology Research, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - James H. Graham
- Citrus Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Lake Alfred, FL, United States
| | - Zhonglin Mou
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Van Breusegem
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University and Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Technologiepark 927, Gent 9052, Belgium.
| | - Christine H Foyer
- School of Biology, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK.
| | - Giovanni E Mann
- King's British Heart Foundation of Research Excellence, School of Cardiovascular Medicine & Sciences, King's College London, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, UK.
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35
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Suppression of External NADPH Dehydrogenase-NDB1 in Arabidopsis thaliana Confers Improved Tolerance to Ammonium Toxicity via Efficient Glutathione/Redox Metabolism. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19051412. [PMID: 29747392 PMCID: PMC5983774 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19051412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Revised: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Environmental stresses, including ammonium (NH4+) nourishment, can damage key mitochondrial components through the production of surplus reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the mitochondrial electron transport chain. However, alternative electron pathways are significant for efficient reductant dissipation in mitochondria during ammonium nutrition. The aim of this study was to define the role of external NADPH-dehydrogenase (NDB1) during oxidative metabolism of NH4+-fed plants. Most plant species grown with NH4+ as the sole nitrogen source experience a condition known as “ammonium toxicity syndrome”. Surprisingly, transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana plants suppressing NDB1 were more resistant to NH4+ treatment. The NDB1 knock-down line was characterized by milder oxidative stress symptoms in plant tissues when supplied with NH4+. Mitochondrial ROS accumulation, in particular, was attenuated in the NDB1 knock-down plants during NH4+ treatment. Enhanced antioxidant defense, primarily concerning the glutathione pool, may prevent ROS accumulation in NH4+-grown NDB1-suppressing plants. We found that induction of glutathione peroxidase-like enzymes and peroxiredoxins in the NDB1-surpressing line contributed to lower ammonium-toxicity stress. The major conclusion of this study was that NDB1 suppression in plants confers tolerance to changes in redox homeostasis that occur in response to prolonged ammonium nutrition, causing cross tolerance among plants.
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