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Kocyigit SE, Katipoglu B. Hypomagnesemia may be related to frailty, gait and balance problems, and basic activities of daily living in older adults. Acta Clin Belg 2024:1-8. [PMID: 38849991 DOI: 10.1080/17843286.2024.2364143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 06/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The study aims to investigate the relationship between hypomagnesemia, preclinical hypomagnesemia, and normomagnesemia as along with geriatric syndrome and comprehensive geriatric parameters(CGA). METHODS 217 patients who applied to the geriatric clinic between November 2022 and December 2023 were included in the study. All patients underwent CGA. Patients were categorized into three groups: Magnesium (Mg) level ≤ 1.5 mg/dL, Mg level 1.5-1.8 mg/dL, and Mg level > 1.8 mg/dL. These three groups were compared in terms of demographic characteristics, comorbidities, CGA parameters, and geriatric syndromes. Regression analyses was conducted for significant parameters, adjusting for confounders. RESULTS 74.9% of all participants were female, with an average age of 76.5 ± 6.6 years. The frequency of hypomagnesemia was 14.2%. Demographic characteristics and medication use, including proton pump inhibitors and diuretics, were similar in these three groups. While the FRIED frailty scale and the duration of the timed-up-and-go test were higher in the hypomagnesemia group, the Basic Activities Daily of Living (ADLs) and the Tinetti-POMA(performance-oriented mobility assessment) scores were lower in the hypomagnesemia group. When normomagnesemia was accepted as the reference category, FRIED frailty scale, Basic ADLs, and POMA score were more significant in the hypomagnesemia group (p = 0.025, p = 0.013 and p = 0.011,respectively), but there was no significance in the preclinical hypomagnesemia group regardless of the covariates. CONCLUSION Hypomagnesemia, particularly serum Mg levels below 1.5 mg/dL, may be associated with frailty, basic ADLs, gait, and balance tests. In geriatric practice, patients with hypomagnesemia should be evaluated in terms of the risk of the mentioned disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suleyman Emre Kocyigit
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Balikesir University Medicine of Faculty, Balikesir, Turkey
| | - Bilal Katipoglu
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Ataturk City Training and Research Hospital, Balikesir, Turkey
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2
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El Assar M, Rodríguez-Sánchez I, Álvarez-Bustos A, Rodríguez-Mañas L. Biomarkers of frailty. Mol Aspects Med 2024; 97:101271. [PMID: 38631189 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2024.101271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Several biomarkers have been proposed to identify frailty, a multisystemic age-related syndrome. However, the complex pathophysiology and the absence of a consensus on a comprehensive and universal definition make it challenging to pinpoint a singular biomarker or set of biomarkers that conclusively characterize frailty. This review delves into the main laboratory biomarkers, placing special emphasis on those associated with various pathways closely tied to the frailty condition, such as inflammation, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, metabolic and endocrine alterations and microRNA. Additionally, we provide a summary of different clinical biomarkers encompassing different tools that have been proposed to assess frailty. We further address various imaging biomarkers such as Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry, Bioelectrical Impedance analysis, Computed Tomography and Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Ultrasound and D3 Creatine dilution. Intervention to treat frailty, including non-pharmacological ones, especially those involving physical exercise and nutrition, and pharmacological interventions, that include those targeting specific mechanisms such as myostatin inhibitors, insulin sensitizer metformin and with special relevance for hormonal treatments are mentioned. We further address the levels of different biomarkers in monitoring the potential positive effects of some of these interventions. Despite the availability of numerous biomarkers, their performance and usefulness in the clinical arena are far from being satisfactory. Considering the multicausality of frailty, there is an increasing need to assess the role of sets of biomarkers and the combination between laboratory, clinical and image biomarkers, in terms of sensitivity, specificity and predictive values for the diagnosis and prognosis of the different outcomes of frailty to improve detection and monitoring of older people with frailty or at risk of developing it, being this a need in the everyday clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariam El Assar
- Fundación para la Investigación Biomédica del Hospital Universitario de Getafe, Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Alejandro Álvarez-Bustos
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Leocadio Rodríguez-Mañas
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Servicio de Geriatría, Hospital Universitario de Getafe, Madrid, Spain.
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3
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Palomo I, Wehinger S, Andrés V, García‐García FJ, Fuentes E. RhoA/rho kinase pathway activation in age-associated endothelial cell dysfunction and thrombosis. J Cell Mol Med 2024; 28:e18153. [PMID: 38568071 PMCID: PMC10989549 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.18153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The small GTPase RhoA and the downstream Rho kinase (ROCK) regulate several cell functions and pathological processes in the vascular system that contribute to the age-dependent risk of cardiovascular disease, including endothelial dysfunction, excessive permeability, inflammation, impaired angiogenesis, abnormal vasoconstriction, decreased nitric oxide production and apoptosis. Frailty is a loss of physiological reserve and adaptive capacity with advanced age and is accompanied by a pro-inflammatory and pro-oxidative state that promotes vascular dysfunction and thrombosis. This review summarises the role of the RhoA/Rho kinase signalling pathway in endothelial dysfunction, the acquisition of the pro-thrombotic state and vascular ageing. We also discuss the possible role of RhoA/Rho kinase signalling as a promising therapeutic target for the prevention and treatment of age-related cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iván Palomo
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunohematology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical Technology School, Thrombosis and Healthy Aging Research CenterUniversidad de TalcaTalcaChile
| | - Sergio Wehinger
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunohematology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical Technology School, Thrombosis and Healthy Aging Research CenterUniversidad de TalcaTalcaChile
| | - Vicente Andrés
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC)MadridSpain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV)MadridSpain
| | - Francisco J. García‐García
- Department of Geriatric MedicineHospital Universitario de Toledo, Instituto de Investigación de Castilla La Mancha (IDISCAM), CIBERFES (ISCIII)ToledoSpain
| | - Eduardo Fuentes
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunohematology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical Technology School, Thrombosis and Healthy Aging Research CenterUniversidad de TalcaTalcaChile
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4
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Ng YX, Cheng LJ, Quek YY, Yu R, Wu XV. The measurement properties and feasibility of FRAIL scale in older adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Ageing Res Rev 2024; 95:102243. [PMID: 38395198 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Frailty is a prevalent condition amongst older adults, significantly affecting their quality of life. The FRAIL tool has been purposefully designed for clinical application by assisting healthcare professionals in identifying and managing frailty-related issues in older adults, making it a preferred choice for assessing frailty across diverse older populations. This review aimed to synthesize the measurement properties and feasibility of FRAIL. Guided by COSMIN guidelines, seven databases were searched from inception to 31 Mar 2023. The measurement properties were extracted for quality appraisal of the populations in the studied samples. Where possible, random-effects meta-analysis and meta-regression were used for quantitative synthesis. Eighteen articles containing 273 tests were drawn from 14 different populations. We found that populations testing for criterion validity had high-quality ratings, while construct validity ratings varied based on health status and geographical region. Test-retest reliability had sufficient quality ratings, while scale agreement had sufficient ratings in only four out of 14 populations tested. Responsiveness ratings were insufficient in seven out of eight populations, with inconsistent ratings in one population. Our analysis of missing data across three articles showed a 16.3% rate, indicating good feasibility of the FRAIL. FRAIL is a feasible tool for assessing frailty of older adults in community settings, with good criterion validity and test-retest reliability. However, more research is needed on construct validity and responsiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Xuan Ng
- Alexandra Hospital, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Ling Jie Cheng
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yu Yi Quek
- Alexandra Hospital, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Ruby Yu
- Department of Medicine & Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Jockey Club Institute of Ageing, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xi Vivien Wu
- Alice Lee Centre for Nursing Studies, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; NUSMED Healthy Longevity Translational Research Programme, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
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5
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Sciacchitano S, Carola V, Nicolais G, Sciacchitano S, Napoli C, Mancini R, Rocco M, Coluzzi F. To Be Frail or Not to Be Frail: This Is the Question-A Critical Narrative Review of Frailty. J Clin Med 2024; 13:721. [PMID: 38337415 PMCID: PMC10856357 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13030721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Many factors have contributed to rendering frailty an emerging, relevant, and very popular concept. First, many pandemics that have affected humanity in history, including COVID-19, most recently, have had more severe effects on frail people compared to non-frail ones. Second, the increase in human life expectancy observed in many developed countries, including Italy has led to a rise in the percentage of the older population that is more likely to be frail, which is why frailty is much a more common concern among geriatricians compared to other the various health-care professionals. Third, the stratification of people according to the occurrence and the degree of frailty allows healthcare decision makers to adequately plan for the allocation of available human professional and economic resources. Since frailty is considered to be fully preventable, there are relevant consequences in terms of potential benefits both in terms of the clinical outcome and healthcare costs. Frailty is becoming a popular, pervasive, and almost omnipresent concept in many different contexts, including clinical medicine, physical health, lifestyle behavior, mental health, health policy, and socio-economic planning sciences. The emergence of the new "science of frailty" has been recently acknowledged. However, there is still debate on the exact definition of frailty, the pathogenic mechanisms involved, the most appropriate method to assess frailty, and consequently, who should be considered frail. This narrative review aims to analyze frailty from many different aspects and points of view, with a special focus on the proposed pathogenic mechanisms, the various factors that have been considered in the assessment of frailty, and the emerging role of biomarkers in the early recognition of frailty, particularly on the role of mitochondria. According to the extensive literature on this topic, it is clear that frailty is a very complex syndrome, involving many different domains and affecting multiple physiological systems. Therefore, its management should be directed towards a comprehensive and multifaceted holistic approach and a personalized intervention strategy to slow down its progression or even to completely reverse the course of this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Sciacchitano
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00189 Rome, Italy;
- Unit of Anaesthesia, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, Sant’Andrea University Hospital, 00189 Rome, Italy; (M.R.); (F.C.)
- Department of Life Sciences, Health and Health Professions, Link Campus University, 00165 Rome, Italy
| | - Valeria Carola
- Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology and Health Studies, Sapienza University of Rome, 00189 Rome, Italy; (V.C.); (G.N.)
| | - Giampaolo Nicolais
- Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology and Health Studies, Sapienza University of Rome, 00189 Rome, Italy; (V.C.); (G.N.)
| | - Simona Sciacchitano
- Department of Psychiatry, La Princesa University Hospital, 28006 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Christian Napoli
- Department of Surgical and Medical Science and Translational Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00189 Rome, Italy;
| | - Rita Mancini
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00189 Rome, Italy;
| | - Monica Rocco
- Unit of Anaesthesia, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, Sant’Andrea University Hospital, 00189 Rome, Italy; (M.R.); (F.C.)
- Department of Surgical and Medical Science and Translational Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00189 Rome, Italy;
| | - Flaminia Coluzzi
- Unit of Anaesthesia, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, Sant’Andrea University Hospital, 00189 Rome, Italy; (M.R.); (F.C.)
- Department Medical and Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Polo Pontino, 04100 Latina, Italy
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Yılmaz D, Mathavan N, Wehrle E, Kuhn GA, Müller R. Mouse models of accelerated aging in musculoskeletal research for assessing frailty, sarcopenia, and osteoporosis - A review. Ageing Res Rev 2024; 93:102118. [PMID: 37935249 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2023.102118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
Musculoskeletal aging encompasses the decline in bone and muscle function, leading to conditions such as frailty, osteoporosis, and sarcopenia. Unraveling the underlying molecular mechanisms and developing effective treatments are crucial for improving the quality of life for those affected. In this context, accelerated aging models offer valuable insights into these conditions by displaying the hallmarks of human aging. Herein, this review focuses on relevant mouse models of musculoskeletal aging with particular emphasis on frailty, osteoporosis, and sarcopenia. Among the discussed models, PolgA mice in particular exhibit hallmarks of musculoskeletal aging, presenting early-onset frailty, as well as reduced bone and muscle mass that closely resemble human musculoskeletal aging. Ultimately, findings from these models hold promise for advancing interventions targeted at age-related musculoskeletal disorders, effectively addressing the challenges posed by musculoskeletal aging and associated conditions in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilara Yılmaz
- Institute for Biomechanics, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Esther Wehrle
- Institute for Biomechanics, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; AO Research Institute Davos, Davos Platz, Switzerland
| | - Gisela A Kuhn
- Institute for Biomechanics, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ralph Müller
- Institute for Biomechanics, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
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7
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Zhu Y, Song G. Molecular origin and biological effects of exercise mimetics. J Exerc Sci Fit 2024; 22:73-85. [PMID: 38187084 PMCID: PMC10770624 DOI: 10.1016/j.jesf.2023.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
With the rapid development of sports science and molecular biology technology, academia refers to molecules or microorganisms that mimic or enhance the beneficial effects of exercise on the body, called "exercise mimetics." This review aims to clarify the concept and development history of exercise mimetics, and to define the concept of exercise mimetics by summarizing its characteristics and functions. Candidate molecules and drug targets for exercise mimetics are summarized, and the relationship between exercise mimetics and exercise is explained, as well as the targeting system and function of exercise mimetics. The main targeting systems for exercise mimetics are the exercise system, circulatory system, endocrine system, endocrine system, and nervous system, while the immune system is potential targeting systems. Finally, future research directions for exercise mimetics are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuping Zhu
- Key Lab of Physical Fitness Evaluation and Motor Function Monitoring, College of Physical Education, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Gang Song
- Key Lab of Physical Fitness Evaluation and Motor Function Monitoring, College of Physical Education, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
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8
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Zeidan RS, McElroy T, Rathor L, Martenson MS, Lin Y, Mankowski RT. Sex differences in frailty among older adults. Exp Gerontol 2023; 184:112333. [PMID: 37993077 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2023.112333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
By definition, aging is a natural, gradual and continuous process. On the other hand, frailty reflects the increase in vulnerability to stressors and shortens the time without disease (health span) while longevity refers to the length of life (lifespan). The average life expectancy has significantly increased during the last few decades. A longer lifespan has been accompanied by an increase in frailty and decreased independence in older adults, with major differences existing between men and women. For example, women tend to live longer than men but also experience higher rates of frailty and disability. Sex differences prevent optimization of lifestyle interventions and therapies to effectively prevent frailty. Sex differences in frailty and aging are rooted in a complex interplay between uncontrollable (genetic, epigenetic, physiological), and controllable factors (psychosocial and lifestyle factors). Thus, understanding the underlying causes of sex differences in frailty and aging is essential for developing personalized interventions to promote healthy aging and improve quality of life in older men and women. In this review, we have discussed the key contributors and knowledge gaps related to sex differences in aging and frailty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rola S Zeidan
- Department of Physiology and Aging, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States of America; Department of Health Outcomes and Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States of America.
| | - Taylor McElroy
- Department of Physiology and Aging, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States of America; Department of Health Outcomes and Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States of America.
| | - Laxmi Rathor
- Department of Physiology and Aging, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States of America.
| | - Matthew S Martenson
- Department of Physiology and Aging, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States of America.
| | - Yi Lin
- Department of Physiology and Aging, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States of America.
| | - Robert T Mankowski
- Department of Physiology and Aging, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States of America.
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Goshen A, Goldbourt U, Benyamini Y, Shimony T, Keinan-Boker L, Gerber Y. Diet Quality and Incident Frailty in Adults 65 Years or Older: The Israeli Longitudinal Study on Aging. Mayo Clin Proc 2023; 98:1774-1784. [PMID: 38043995 DOI: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2023.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To prospectively examine the association between diet quality and frailty incidence in the oldest-old age group. METHODS We studied an older adult (65+ years) cohort participating in the Israeli National Health and Nutrition Survey of Older Adults in 2005-2006 (T1 [N=1799]). Survivors of T1 were contacted, and between 2017 and 2019, an extensive interview and a functional assessment were conducted (T2) of 604 past participants. A 24-hour dietary recall, assessed at T1, was used to calculate the Healthy Eating Index (HEI-2015) score. A frailty index based on an accumulation of deficits, including clinical, functional, and cognitive measures, was computed. Frail participants at T1 were excluded from the analysis. Logistic regression models were constructed to assess the association of HEI-2015 score with frailty incidence. Inverse probability weighting was used to minimize selection bias due to attrition. RESULTS Of the 479 T2 participants analyzed (mean [SD] age, 84 [5] years; 50% women), 225 (46%) were classified as frail. Frail participants were older, were less educated, and had a lower household income and a higher comorbidity burden at baseline than non-frail participants. After adjustment for sociodemographic and lifestyle factors, a higher HEI-2015 score was associated with decreased odds of incident frailty (odds ratio, 0.57 [95% CI, 0.35 to 0.91] for the upper tertile and 0.66 [95% CI, 0.42 to 1.06] for the middle tertile compared with the lower tertile; Ptrend=.02). CONCLUSION In this cohort study of oldest-old participants, improved diet quality was inversely associated with frailty incidence in a dose-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail Goshen
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; Sheba Longevity Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - Uri Goldbourt
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Yael Benyamini
- Bob Shapell School of Social Work, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Tal Shimony
- Israel Center for Disease Control, Israel Ministry of Health, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - Lital Keinan-Boker
- Israel Center for Disease Control, Israel Ministry of Health, Tel Hashomer, Israel; School of Public Health, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Yariv Gerber
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
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10
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Pignolo RJ. Successful Aging: The Longer One Lives, the Better One Has Eaten? Mayo Clin Proc 2023; 98:1751-1752. [PMID: 38043990 DOI: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2023.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert J Pignolo
- Divisions of Hospital Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism and Nutrition, Department of Medicine; Section on Geriatric Medicine and Gerontology; and Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN.
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11
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Kilgore CB, Kalluri AL, Nair SK, Halbert-Elliot KM, Ejimogu E, Dong B, Chakravarti S, Abdulrahim MW, Jackson CM, Lim M, Huang J, Bettegowda C, Xu R. Frailty Predicts Worse Pain Outcomes for Older TN Patients Treated with Microvascular Decompression. World Neurosurg 2023; 180:e700-e705. [PMID: 37821032 PMCID: PMC11104275 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2023.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Trigeminal neuralgia (TN) is a debilitating orofacial pain disorder. Recent data from a national database suggest that microvascular decompression (MVD) in frail patients is associated with more postoperative complications. However, the long-term pain outcomes for frail TN patients are not known. We aimed to elucidate the relationship between frailty and long-term pain outcomes after MVD for TN. METHODS From 2007 to 2020, 368 TN patients aged ≥60 years underwent MVD at our institution. Patient demographics, clinical characteristics, postoperative complications, and long-term pain outcomes were recorded. Frailty was assessed using the modified 5-item frailty index (mFI-5) score, and the patients were dichotomized into nonfrail (mFI-5 <2) and frail (mFI-5 >1). Differences were assessed via the t test, χ2 test, multivariate ordinal regression, and Cox proportional hazards analysis. RESULTS Of the 368 patients analyzed, 9.8% were frail. The frail patients were significantly older (P = 0.02) with a higher body mass index (P = 0.01) and a greater incidence of comorbidities (P < 0.001). Frail patients presented with significantly higher pain levels at the final follow-up (P = 0.04). On multivariate analysis, frailty was independently associated with more pain at follow-up (P = 0.01), as was younger age, female sex, and black race. The relationship between frailty and postoperative pain recurrence showed a trend toward significance (P = 0.06), and younger age and black race were significantly associated with recurrence. CONCLUSIONS Frail patients undergoing MVD are at risk of worse long-term pain outcomes. Our results provide clinicians with useful information pertaining to the influence of frailty on the long-term efficacy of MVD in treating TN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Collin B Kilgore
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Medical Scientist Training Program, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Anita L Kalluri
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Sumil K Nair
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Kyra M Halbert-Elliot
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Emeka Ejimogu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Medical Scientist Training Program, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Bryan Dong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Sachiv Chakravarti
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Mostafa W Abdulrahim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Christopher M Jackson
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Michael Lim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California, USA
| | - Judy Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Chetan Bettegowda
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Risheng Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
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12
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Sancho-Martínez SM, López-Hernández FJ. Pathophysiology of Acute Kidney Frailty. Physiology (Bethesda) 2023; 38:0. [PMID: 37738019 DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00011.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute kidney frailty is a premorbid condition of diminished renal functional reserve that predisposes to acute kidney injury; this condition results from subclinical wear or distortion of renal homeostatic responses that protect the renal excretory function. Knowledge of its pathophysiological basis is critical for the development of diagnostic and therapeutic strategies that allow for prophylactic intervention and disease prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra M Sancho-Martínez
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
- Departamento de Fisiología y Farmacología, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
- Group of Translational Research on Renal and Cardiovascular Diseases (TRECARD), Salamanca, Spain
- National Network for Kidney Research RICORS2040 RD21/0005/0004, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco J López-Hernández
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
- Departamento de Fisiología y Farmacología, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
- Group of Translational Research on Renal and Cardiovascular Diseases (TRECARD), Salamanca, Spain
- National Network for Kidney Research RICORS2040 RD21/0005/0004, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Estudios de Ciencias de la Salud de Castilla y León (IECSCYL), Soria, Spain
- Group of Biomedical Research on Critical Care (BioCritic), Valladolid, Spain
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13
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Ruderman SA, Odden MC, Webel AR, Fitzpatrick AL, Crane PK, Nance RM, Drumright LN, Whitney BM, Mixson LS, Ma J, Willig AL, Haidar L, Eltonsy S, Mayer KH, O'Cleirigh C, Cropsey KL, Eron JJ, Napravnik S, Greene M, McCaul M, Chander G, Cachay E, Lober WB, Kritchevsky SB, Austad S, Landay A, Pandya C, Cartujano-Barrera F, Saag MS, Kamen C, Hahn AW, Kitahata MM, Delaney JAC, Crane HM. Tobacco Smoking and Pack-Years Are Associated With Frailty Among People With HIV. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2023; 94:135-142. [PMID: 37368939 PMCID: PMC10527292 DOI: 10.1097/qai.0000000000003242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tobacco smoking increases frailty risk among the general population and is common among people with HIV (PWH) who experience higher rates of frailty at younger ages than the general population. METHODS We identified 8608 PWH across 6 Centers for AIDS Research Network of Integrated Clinical Systems sites who completed ≥2 patient-reported outcome assessments, including a frailty phenotype measuring unintentional weight loss, poor mobility, fatigue, and inactivity, and scored 0-4. Smoking was measured as baseline pack-years and time-updated never, former, or current use with cigarettes/day. We used Cox models to associate smoking with risk of incident frailty (score ≥3) and deterioration (frailty score increase by ≥2 points), adjusted for demographics, antiretroviral medication, and time-updated CD4 count. RESULTS The mean follow-up of PWH was 5.3 years (median: 5.0), the mean age at baseline was 45 years, 15% were female, and 52% were non-White. At baseline, 60% reported current or former smoking. Current (HR: 1.79; 95% confidence interval: 1.54 to 2.08) and former (HR: 1.31; 95% confidence interval: 1.12 to 1.53) smoking were associated with higher incident frailty risk, as were higher pack-years. Current smoking (among younger PWH) and pack-years, but not former smoking, were associated with higher risk of deterioration. CONCLUSIONS Among PWH, smoking status and duration are associated with incident and worsening frailty.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jimmy Ma
- University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Lara Haidar
- University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, CA
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14
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Ding Y, Wang C, Yu J, Lu M, Mu P, Liu X, Liu T. Low levels of serum vitamin C in children with limb fractures: a case-control study. Front Pediatr 2023; 11:1226508. [PMID: 37780044 PMCID: PMC10539904 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2023.1226508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The role of vitamin C in pediatric fractures has not received much attention, although it is known to be a factor in osteoporotic fractures in the elderly. This case-control study aimed to investigate the changes in serum vitamin C levels among children with limb fractures. Methods We recruited 325 children with and 316 children without limb fractures hospitalized between January 2021 and December 2021. Following admission, basic demographic data of all participants were collected, and fasting serum vitamin C levels were determined using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Results The mean age of the fracture group was 5.1 years (95% CI, 4.83-5.33). The serum vitamin C levels in the fracture group (4.48 µg/ml) were significantly lower than those in the control group (8.38 µg/ml) (p < 0.0001). Further subgroup analysis of the fracture group revealed that serum vitamin C levels decreased significantly after 4 years of age and there was a significant difference in the duration after injury between <6 and >6 h (p = 0.0224). Spearman's rank correlation coefficient suggested that age and vitamin C levels were negatively correlated in the fracture group. Conclusion In general, children with limb fractures had lower serum vitamin C levels, especially those aged 4 years and over.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Tao Liu
- Department of Pediatric Orthopedics, Jinan Children’s Hospital, Jinan, China
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15
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Zhang S, Qiu X, Zhang Y, Huang C, Lin D. Metabolomic Analysis of Trehalose Alleviating Oxidative Stress in Myoblasts. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13346. [PMID: 37686153 PMCID: PMC10488301 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Trehalose, a naturally occurring non-toxic disaccharide, has attracted considerable attention for its potential in alleviating oxidative stress in skeletal muscle. In this study, our aim was to elucidate the metabolic mechanisms underlying the protective effects of trehalose against hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced oxidative stress in C2C12 myoblasts. Our results show that both trehalose treatment and pretreatment effectively alleviate the H2O2-induced decrease in cell viability, reduce intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), and attenuate lipid peroxidation. Furthermore, using NMR-based metabolomics analysis, we observed that trehalose treatment and pretreatment modulate the metabolic profile of myoblasts, specifically regulating oxidant metabolism and amino acid metabolism, contributing to their protective effects against oxidative stress. Importantly, our results reveal that trehalose treatment and pretreatment upregulate the expression levels of P62 and Nrf2 proteins, thereby activating the Nrf2-NQO1 axis and effectively reducing oxidative stress. These significant findings highlight the potential of trehalose supplementation as a promising and effective strategy for alleviating oxidative stress in skeletal muscle and provide valuable insights into its potential therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuya Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China; (S.Z.); (X.Q.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Xu Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China; (S.Z.); (X.Q.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Yue Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China; (S.Z.); (X.Q.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Caihua Huang
- Research and Communication Center of Exercise and Health, Xiamen University of Technology, Xiamen 361021, China;
| | - Donghai Lin
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China; (S.Z.); (X.Q.); (Y.Z.)
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16
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Guo X, Zhao D, Meng J, Hu W, Wu B, Wang X, Su W, Meng M, Qu G, Sun Y. Association of a mixture of phthalates and phenols with frailty among middle-aged and older adults: A population-based cross-sectional study. CHEMOSPHERE 2023:139144. [PMID: 37302498 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Frailty is a complex geriatric syndrome caused by degenerative changes in the body or various chronic diseases. The use of personal care and consumer products is associated with a wide range of health outcomes, but its relationship with frailty remains unknown. Therefore, our primary aim was to explore the potential links between exposure to phenols and phthalates, either separately or in combination, and frailty. METHODS The exposure levels of phthalates and phenols were evaluated through the measurement of metabolites in urine samples. Frailty state was assessed by a 36-item frailty index with values ≥ 0.25 indicating frailty. Weighted logistic regression was used to explore the relationship between individual chemical exposure and frailty. In addition, multi-pollutant strategies (WQS, Qgcomp, BKMR) were used to examine the joint effect of chemical mixture on frailty. A series of subgroup analyses and sensitivity analyses were conducted as well. RESULTS In the multivariate logistic regression model, each unit increase in natural log-transformed BPA (OR: 1.21; 95%CI: 1.04, 1.40), MBP (OR: 1.25; 95%CI: 1.07, 1.46), MBzP (OR: 1.18; 95%CI: 1.03, 1.36), and MiBP (OR: 1.19; 95%CI: 1.03, 1.37) were significantly associated with higher odds of frailty. The results of the WQS and Qgcomp indicated that increasing quartiles of chemical mixture was associated with odds of frailty with ORs of 1.29 (95%CI: 1.01, 1.66) and 1.37 (95%CI: 1.06, 1.76). The weight of MBzP is dominant in both the WQS index and the positive weight of Qgcomp. In the BKMR model, the cumulative effect of chemical mixture was positively correlated with the prevalence of frailty. CONCLUSIONS In summary, higher levels of BPA, MBP, MBzP, and MiBP are significantly associated with higher odds of frailty. Our study provides preliminary evidence that phenol and phthalate biomarker mixture is positively associated with frailty, with MBzP contributing most to the positive association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianwei Guo
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Dongdong Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China; The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No 218 Jixi Road, Hefei 230022, Anhui, China
| | - Jia Meng
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Wenjing Hu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Birong Wu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Xingyue Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Wenqi Su
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Muzi Meng
- UK Program Site, American University of the Caribbean School of Medicine, Vernon Building Room 64, Sizer St, Preston PR1 1JQ, United Kingdom; Bronxcare Health System, 1650 Grand Concourse, The Bronx, NY 10457, USA
| | - Guangbo Qu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China.
| | - Yehuan Sun
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China.
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17
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Mendes S, Leal DV, Baker LA, Ferreira A, Smith AC, Viana JL. The Potential Modulatory Effects of Exercise on Skeletal Muscle Redox Status in Chronic Kidney Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076017. [PMID: 37046990 PMCID: PMC10094245 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is a global health burden with high mortality and health costs. CKD patients exhibit lower cardiorespiratory and muscular fitness, strongly associated with morbidity/mortality, which is exacerbated when they reach the need for renal replacement therapies (RRT). Muscle wasting in CKD has been associated with an inflammatory/oxidative status affecting the resident cells' microenvironment, decreasing repair capacity and leading to atrophy. Exercise may help counteracting such effects; however, the molecular mechanisms remain uncertain. Thus, trying to pinpoint and understand these mechanisms is of particular interest. This review will start with a general background about myogenesis, followed by an overview of the impact of redox imbalance as a mechanism of muscle wasting in CKD, with focus on the modulatory effect of exercise on the skeletal muscle microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Mendes
- Research Center in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development, CIDESD, University of Maia, 4475-690 Maia, Portugal
| | - Diogo V Leal
- Research Center in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development, CIDESD, University of Maia, 4475-690 Maia, Portugal
| | - Luke A Baker
- Leicester Kidney Lifestyle Team, Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK
| | - Aníbal Ferreira
- Nova Medical School, 1169-056 Lisbon, Portugal
- NephroCare Portugal SA, 1750-233 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Alice C Smith
- Leicester Kidney Lifestyle Team, Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK
| | - João L Viana
- Research Center in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development, CIDESD, University of Maia, 4475-690 Maia, Portugal
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18
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Henning T, Kochlik B, Ara I, González-Gross M, Fiorillo E, Marongiu M, Cucca F, Rodriguez-Artalejo F, Carnicero Carreño JA, Rodriguez-Mañas L, Grune T, Weber D. Patterns of Dietary Blood Markers Are Related to Frailty Status in the FRAILOMIC Validation Phase. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15051142. [PMID: 36904142 PMCID: PMC10005398 DOI: 10.3390/nu15051142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The influence of nutritional factors on frailty syndrome is still poorly understood. Thus, we aimed to confirm cross-sectional associations of diet-related blood biomarker patterns with frailty and pre-frailty statuses in 1271 older adults from four European cohorts. Principal component analysis (PCA) was performed based on plasma levels of α-carotene, β-carotene, lycopene, lutein + zeaxanthin, β-cryptoxanthin, α-tocopherol, γ-tocopherol and retinol. Cross-sectional associations between biomarker patterns and frailty status, according to Fried's frailty criteria, were assessed by using general linear models and multinomial logistic regression models as appropriate with adjustments for the main potential confounders. Robust subjects had higher concentrations of total carotenoids, β-carotene and β-cryptoxanthin than frail and pre-frail subjects and had higher lutein + zeaxanthin concentrations than frail subjects. No associations between 25-Hydroxyvitamin D3 and frailty status were observed. Two distinct biomarker patterns were identified in the PCA results. The principal component 1 (PC1) pattern was characterized by overall higher plasma levels of carotenoids, tocopherols and retinol, and the PC2 pattern was characterized by higher loadings for tocopherols, retinol and lycopene together and lower loadings for other carotenoids. Analyses revealed inverse associations between PC1 and prevalent frailty. Compared to participants in the lowest quartile of PC1, those in the highest quartile were less likely to be frail (odds ratio: 0.45, 95% CI: 0.25-0.80, p = 0.006). In addition, those in the highest quartile of PC2 showed higher odds for prevalent frailty (2.48, 1.28-4.80, p = 0.007) than those in the lowest quartile. Our findings strengthen the results from the first phase of the FRAILOMIC project, indicating carotenoids are suitable components for future biomarker-based frailty indices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thorsten Henning
- Department of Molecular Toxicology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke (DIfE), 14558 Nuthetal, Germany
- Food4Future (F4F), c/o Leibniz Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops (IGZ), Theodor-Echtermeyer-Weg 1, 14979 Grossbeeren, Germany
- NutriAct-Competence Cluster Nutrition Research Berlin-Potsdam, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany
- Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, 14469 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Bastian Kochlik
- Department of Molecular Toxicology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke (DIfE), 14558 Nuthetal, Germany
- Food4Future (F4F), c/o Leibniz Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops (IGZ), Theodor-Echtermeyer-Weg 1, 14979 Grossbeeren, Germany
- NutriAct-Competence Cluster Nutrition Research Berlin-Potsdam, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany
- Department of Nutrition and Gerontology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke (DIfE), 14558 Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Ignacio Ara
- GENUD Toledo Research Group, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 45071 Toledo, Spain
- CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Aging, CIBERFES, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Marcela González-Gross
- ImFINE Research Group, Department of Health and Human Performance, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- CIBER on Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, CIBEROBN, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Edoardo Fiorillo
- Institute for Genetic and Biomedical Research, National Research Council (CNR), 09042 Monserrato, Italy
| | - Michele Marongiu
- Institute for Genetic and Biomedical Research, National Research Council (CNR), 09042 Monserrato, Italy
| | - Francesco Cucca
- Institute for Genetic and Biomedical Research, National Research Council (CNR), 09042 Monserrato, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Fernando Rodriguez-Artalejo
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, CIBERESP and IMDEA-Food Institute, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, CEI UAM + CSIC, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose Antonio Carnicero Carreño
- CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Aging, CIBERFES, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Biomedical Research Foundation, Getafe University Hospital, 28905 Getafe, Spain
| | - Leocadio Rodriguez-Mañas
- CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Aging, CIBERFES, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Division of Geriatrics, Hospital Universitario de Getafe, 28905 Getafe, Spain
| | - Tilman Grune
- Department of Molecular Toxicology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke (DIfE), 14558 Nuthetal, Germany
- Food4Future (F4F), c/o Leibniz Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops (IGZ), Theodor-Echtermeyer-Weg 1, 14979 Grossbeeren, Germany
- NutriAct-Competence Cluster Nutrition Research Berlin-Potsdam, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany
- Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, 14469 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Daniela Weber
- Department of Molecular Toxicology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke (DIfE), 14558 Nuthetal, Germany
- Food4Future (F4F), c/o Leibniz Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops (IGZ), Theodor-Echtermeyer-Weg 1, 14979 Grossbeeren, Germany
- NutriAct-Competence Cluster Nutrition Research Berlin-Potsdam, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany
- Correspondence:
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Kadoguchi T, Shimada K, Fukui N, Tanaka N, Tsuno H, Shiozawa T, Fukao K, Nishitani-Yokoyama M, Isoda K, Matsushita S, Yokoyama N, Daida H. Accumulation of polyunsaturated fatty acid-derived metabolites in the sarcopenic muscle of aging mice. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2023; 23:297-303. [PMID: 36811314 DOI: 10.1111/ggi.14561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
AIM Although it is known that advanced age alters skeletal muscle lipid metabolism, the role(s) of polyunsaturated fatty acid-derived metabolites (mostly eicosanoids and docosanoids) in sarcopenia are not clear. We therefore examined the changes in the metabolites of arachidonic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid in the sarcopenic muscle of aged mice. METHODS We used 6- and 24-month-old male C57BL/6J mice as healthy and sarcopenic muscle models, respectively. Skeletal muscles were removed from the lower limb and subjected to a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analysis. RESULTS The liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analysis detected distinct changes of metabolites in the muscles of the aged mice. Of the 63 metabolites identified, nine were significantly higher in the sarcopenic muscle of aged mice compared with the healthy muscle of young mice. In particular, prostaglandin E2 , prostaglandin F2a , thromboxane B2 , 5-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid, and 15-oxo-eicosatetraenoic acid (arachidonic acid-derived metabolites), 12-hydroxy-eicosapentaenoic acid and 14,15-epoxy-eicosatetraenoic acid (eicosapentaenoic acid-derived metabolites) and 10-hydroxydocosa-hexaenoic acid and 14-hydroxyoctadeca-pentaenoic acid (docosahexaenoic acid-derived metabolites) were significantly higher in aged tissue compared with young tissue (all P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS We observed the accumulation of metabolites in the sarcopenic muscle of aged mice. Our results may provide new insights into the pathogenesis and progression of aging- or disease-related sarcopenia. Geriatr Gerontol Int ••; ••: ••-•• Geriatr Gerontol Int 2023; ••: ••-••.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoyasu Kadoguchi
- Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Sportology Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazunori Shimada
- Department of Cardiovascular Biology and Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoshi Fukui
- Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Clinical Research Center, National Hospital Organization Sagamihara Hospital, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Nobuho Tanaka
- Clinical Research Center, National Hospital Organization Sagamihara Hospital, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Tsuno
- Clinical Research Center, National Hospital Organization Sagamihara Hospital, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Shiozawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Biology and Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Juntendo University Shizuoka Hospital, Izunokuni, Japan
| | - Kosuke Fukao
- Department of Cardiovascular Biology and Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Graduate School of Health and Sports Science, Juntendo University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Miho Nishitani-Yokoyama
- Department of Cardiovascular Biology and Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kikuo Isoda
- Department of Cardiovascular Biology and Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Matsushita
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Norihiko Yokoyama
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Daida
- Sportology Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Cardiovascular Biology and Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Faculty of Health Science, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
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20
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Gola F, Gaiaschi L, Roda E, De Luca F, Ferulli F, Vicini R, Rossi P, Bottone MG. Voghera Sweet Pepper: A Potential Ally against Oxidative Stress and Aging. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043782. [PMID: 36835192 PMCID: PMC9959306 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
In the present study, the potential functional properties of the extracts from the edible part of Capsicum annuum L. var. Peperone di Voghera (VP) were studied. The phytochemical analysis revealed a high amount of ascorbic acid, paralleled by a low carotenoid content. Normal human diploid fibroblasts (NHDF) were chosen as the in vitro model models to investigate the effects of the VP extract on oxidative stress and aging pathways. The extract of Carmagnola pepper (CP), another important Italian variety, was used as the reference vegetable. The cytotoxicity evaluation was performed firstly, using a 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazolyl-2)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, while the VP potential antioxidant and antiaging activity was investigated by immunofluorescence staining focusing on specifically selected proteins. The MTT data revealed the highest cell viability at a concentration of up to 1 mg/mL. The immunocytochemical analyses highlighted an increased expression of transcription factors and enzymes involved in redox homeostasis (Nrf2, SOD2, catalase), improved mitochondrial functionality, and the up-regulation of the longevity gene SIRT1. The present results supported the functional role of the VP pepper ecotype, suggesting a feasible use of its derived products as valuable food supplements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Gola
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Via Ferrata 9, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Ludovica Gaiaschi
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Via Ferrata 9, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Elisa Roda
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Via Ferrata 9, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Toxicology, Pavia Poison Centre—National Toxicology Information Centre, Toxicology Unit, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri, IRCCS Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Fabrizio De Luca
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Via Ferrata 9, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | | | - Riccardo Vicini
- Bio Basic Europe S.R.L., Via Taramelli 24, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Paola Rossi
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Via Ferrata 9, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Bottone
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Via Ferrata 9, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +0039-0382986319
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21
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Schroeder J, Reitz LK, Vieira FGK, da Silva EL, Di Pietro PF. Low to moderate adherence to 2018 diet and physical exercise recommendations of the World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute for Cancer Research is associated with prooxidant biochemical profile in women undergoing adjuvant breast cancer treatment. Nutr Res 2023; 109:1-11. [PMID: 36538844 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2022.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Adequate adherence to the 2018 diet and exercise recommendations of the World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute for Cancer Research (WCRF/AICR) can possibly result in less oxidative stress, lower risk to chemo- and radiotoxicity, lower risk of relapse, and increased quality of life in breast cancer survivors. This observational study aims to investigate the influence of adherence to updated recommendations of the WCRF/AICR on oxidative stress biomarkers in women with breast cancer undergoing adjuvant treatment (AT). We hypothesized that adherence to WCRF/AICR recommendations is inversely related to oxidative damage biomarkers and directly associated with antioxidant status. Women (n = 78) were evaluated before (T0) and after AT. After collecting anthropometric, physical activity, and food consumption data, a standardized score of adherence to WCRF/AICR recommendations was applied. The sample was divided into low-medium adherence and high adherence groups. Blood samples were collected at both timepoints for oxidative stress biomarkers analysis. Multiple linear regression analyzes were applied to verify associations between WCRF/AICR score and biomarkers. We found that low-medium adherence to WCRF/AICR recommendations at T0 affected lower levels of reduced glutathione (P= .003) and higher levels of lipid hydroperoxides (P= .002) and plasma carbonylated proteins (P= .001) after AT. The WCRF/AICR score at T0 was inversely associated with changes in plasma carbonylated protein concentrations after AT (adjusted β = -0.359; P= .01). Our findings suggest that high WCRF/AICR score before and during AT may provide greater stability of antioxidant capacity and protection against exacerbated oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaqueline Schroeder
- Post Graduate Program in Nutrition, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, 88040-370, SC, Brazil
| | - Luiza Kuhnen Reitz
- Post Graduate Program in Nutrition, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, 88040-370, SC, Brazil
| | | | - Edson Luiz da Silva
- Post Graduate Program in Nutrition, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, 88040-370, SC, Brazil; Department of Clinical Analyses, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, 88010-790, SC, Brazil
| | - Patricia Faria Di Pietro
- Post Graduate Program in Nutrition, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, 88040-370, SC, Brazil.
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22
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Are Skeletal Muscle Changes during Prolonged Space Flights Similar to Those Experienced by Frail and Sarcopenic Older Adults? LIFE (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:life12122139. [PMID: 36556504 PMCID: PMC9781047 DOI: 10.3390/life12122139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Microgravity exposure causes several physiological and psychosocial alterations that challenge astronauts' health during space flight. Notably, many of these changes are mostly related to physical inactivity influencing different functional systems and organ biology, in particular the musculoskeletal system, dramatically resulting in aging-like phenotypes, such as those occurring in older persons on Earth. In this sense, sarcopenia, a syndrome characterized by the loss in muscle mass and strength due to skeletal muscle unloading, is undoubtedly one of the most critical aging-like adverse effects of microgravity and a prevalent problem in the geriatric population, still awaiting effective countermeasures. Therefore, there is an urgent demand to identify clinically relevant biological markers and to underline molecular mechanisms behind these effects that are still poorly understood. From this perspective, a lesson from Geroscience may help tailor interventions to counteract the adverse effects of microgravity. For instance, decades of studies in the field have demonstrated that in the older people, the clinical picture of sarcopenia remarkably overlaps (from a clinical and biological point of view) with that of frailty, primarily when referred to the physical function domain. Based on this premise, here we provide a deeper understanding of the biological mechanisms of sarcopenia and frailty, which in aging are often considered together, and how these converge with those observed in astronauts after space flight.
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23
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Fuentes-Abolafio IJ, Bernal-López MR, Gómez-Huelgas R, Ricci M, Cuesta-Vargas AI, Pérez-Belmonte LM. Relationship between quadriceps femoris muscle architecture and muscle strength and physical function in older adults with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. Sci Rep 2022; 12:21660. [PMID: 36522418 PMCID: PMC9755120 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-26064-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart failure (HF)-related factors potentially lead to sarcopenia. Ultrasound (US) assessment has all the advantages of being used in clinical practice to assess muscle architecture. This study aimed to assess the relationship between the quadriceps femoris (QF) muscle architecture with the gender, age, body mass index (BMI), muscle strength and physical function in older adults with HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) as well as to assess the difference in these relationships between the two genders. Patients 70 years and older with HFpEF were included. The gender, age and BMI were collected. The QF muscle thickness, the QF muscle echo-intensity, the subcutaneous fat tissue thickness (FT) and the subcutaneous fat tissue echo-intensity were assessed by the US. The six-minute walk test, the short physical performance battery (SPPB), the timed up and go test (TUG), and the gait speed test (UGS) were used to assess physical function. The five-repetitions sit-to-stand test (5-STS) was performed to assess muscle strength. Bivariant Pearson correlations and subsequent multivariate linear regression analysis were conducted. Seventy older adults with HFpEF [81.00 (5.97) years] were recruited. The FT showed a correlation between poor and moderate muscle strength and physical function in women with HFpEF. The FT explained 24.5% of the 5-STS variance, 32.4% of the SPPB variance, 31.5% of the TUG variance, 28.6% of the UGS variance, and 21.4% of the FGS variance in women. The US assessment could allow clinicians to assess muscle architecture biomarkers related to muscle strength and physical function in older adults with HFpEF.Trial registration NCT03909919. April 10, 2019. Retrospectively registered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iván J. Fuentes-Abolafio
- grid.10215.370000 0001 2298 7828Grupo de Investigación Clinimetría CTS-631, Departamento de Fisioterapia, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Málaga, C/Arquitecto Peñalosa, 3, 29071 Málaga, España ,grid.452525.1Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina-IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND, Málaga, España
| | - M. Rosa Bernal-López
- grid.452525.1Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina-IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND, Málaga, España ,grid.411457.2Departamento de Medicina Interna, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Málaga, España ,grid.413448.e0000 0000 9314 1427CIBER Fisio-Patología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, España
| | - Ricardo Gómez-Huelgas
- grid.452525.1Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina-IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND, Málaga, España ,grid.411457.2Departamento de Medicina Interna, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Málaga, España ,grid.413448.e0000 0000 9314 1427CIBER Fisio-Patología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, España
| | - Michele Ricci
- grid.411457.2Departamento de Medicina Interna, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Málaga, España
| | - Antonio I. Cuesta-Vargas
- grid.10215.370000 0001 2298 7828Grupo de Investigación Clinimetría CTS-631, Departamento de Fisioterapia, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Málaga, C/Arquitecto Peñalosa, 3, 29071 Málaga, España ,grid.452525.1Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina-IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND, Málaga, España ,grid.1024.70000000089150953School of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Health at the Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD Australia
| | - Luis M. Pérez-Belmonte
- grid.452525.1Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina-IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND, Málaga, España ,grid.411457.2Departamento de Medicina Interna, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Málaga, España ,grid.10215.370000 0001 2298 7828Unidad de Neurofisiología Cognitiva, Centro de Investigaciones Médico Sanitarias (CIMES), Universidad de Málaga (UMA), Campus de Excelencia Internacional (CEI) Andalucía Tech, Málaga, España ,grid.413448.e0000 0000 9314 1427Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, España
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24
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Barros D, Marques EA, Magalhães J, Carvalho J. Energy metabolism and frailty: The potential role of exercise-induced myokines - A narrative review. Ageing Res Rev 2022; 82:101780. [PMID: 36334911 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2022.101780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Frailty is a complex condition that emerges from dysregulation in multiple physiological systems. Increasing evidence suggests the potential role of age-related energy dysregulation as a key driver of frailty. Exercise is considered the most efficacious intervention to prevent and even ameliorate frailty as it up-tunes and improves the function of several related systems. However, the mechanisms and molecules responsible for these intersystem benefits are not fully understood. The skeletal muscle is considered a secretory organ with endocrine functions that can produce and secrete exercise-related molecules such as myokines. These molecules are cytokines and other peptides released by muscle fibers in response to acute and/or chronic exercise. The available evidence supports that several myokines can elicit autocrine, paracrine, or endocrine effects, partly mediating inter-organ crosstalk and also having a critical role in improving cardiovascular, metabolic, immune, and neurological health. This review describes the current evidence about the potential link between energy metabolism dysregulation and frailty and provides a theoretical framework for the potential role of myokines (via exercise) in counteracting frailty. It also summarizes the physiological role of selected myokines and their response to different acute and chronic exercise protocols in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duarte Barros
- The Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure, CIAFEL, University of Porto, Portugal; ITR - Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Elisa A Marques
- Research Center in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development, CIDESD, University of Maia (ISMAI), Portugal; School of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
| | - José Magalhães
- The Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure, CIAFEL, University of Porto, Portugal; ITR - Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health, Porto, Portugal
| | - Joana Carvalho
- The Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure, CIAFEL, University of Porto, Portugal; ITR - Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health, Porto, Portugal
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25
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Davinelli S, Medoro A, Intrieri M, Saso L, Scapagnini G, Kang JX. Targeting NRF2-KEAP1 axis by Omega-3 fatty acids and their derivatives: Emerging opportunities against aging and diseases. Free Radic Biol Med 2022; 193:736-750. [PMID: 36402440 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The transcription factor NRF2 and its endogenous inhibitor KEAP1 play a crucial role in the maintenance of cellular redox homeostasis by regulating the gene expression of diverse networks of antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and detoxification enzymes. Therefore, activation of NRF2 provides cytoprotection against numerous pathologies, including age-related diseases. An age-associated loss of NRF2 function may be a key driving force behind the aging phenotype. Recently, numerous NRF2 inducers have been identified and some of them are promising candidates to restore NRF2 transcriptional activity during aging. Emerging evidence indicates that omega-3 (n-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and their electrophilic derivatives may trigger a protective response via NRF2 activation, rescuing or maintaining cellular redox homeostasis. In this review, we provide an overview of the NRF2-KEAP1 system and its dysregulation in aging cells. We also summarize current studies on the modulatory role of n-3 PUFAs as potential agents to prevent multiple chronic diseases and restore the age-related impairment of NRF2 function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Davinelli
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences "V. Tiberio", University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Alessandro Medoro
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences "V. Tiberio", University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Mariano Intrieri
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences "V. Tiberio", University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Luciano Saso
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "Vittorio Erspamer", Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Scapagnini
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences "V. Tiberio", University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy.
| | - Jing X Kang
- Laboratory for Lipid Medicine and Technology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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26
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Wu S, Lin S, Zhang X, Alizada M, Wang L, Zheng Y, Ke Q, Xu J. Recent advances in cell-based and cell-free therapeutic approaches for sarcopenia. FASEB J 2022; 36:e22614. [PMID: 36250337 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202200675r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Sarcopenia is a progressive loss of muscle mass and function that is connected with increased hospital expenditures, falls, fractures, and mortality. Although muscle loss has been related to aging, injury, hormonal imbalances, and diseases such as malignancies, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, heart failure, and kidney failure, the underlying pathogenic mechanisms of sarcopenia are unclear. Exercise-based interventions and multimodal strategies are currently being considered as potential therapeutic approaches to prevent or treat these diseases. Although drug therapy research is ongoing, no drug has yet been proven to have a substantial safety and clinical value to be the first drug therapy to be licensed for sarcopenia. To better understand the molecular alterations underlying sarcopenia and effective treatments, we review leading research and available findings from the systemic change to the muscle-specific microenvironment. Furthermore, we explore possible mechanisms of sarcopenia and provide new knowledge for the development of novel cell-free and cell-based therapeutics. This review will assist researchers in developing better therapies to improve muscle health in the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiqiang Wu
- Department of Orthopedic, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Shu Lin
- Centre of Neurological and Metabolic Research, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China.,Group of Neuroendocrinology, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Xiaolu Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Mujahid Alizada
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Liangmin Wang
- Department of Orthopedic, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Yiqiang Zheng
- Department of Orthopedic, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Qingfeng Ke
- Department of Orthopedic, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Jie Xu
- Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,Department of Orthopedic, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, China
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27
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Cento AS, Leigheb M, Caretti G, Penna F. Exercise and Exercise Mimetics for the Treatment of Musculoskeletal Disorders. Curr Osteoporos Rep 2022; 20:249-259. [PMID: 35881303 PMCID: PMC9522759 DOI: 10.1007/s11914-022-00739-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The incidence of musculoskeletal disorders affecting bones, joints, and muscles is dramatically increasing in parallel with the increased longevity of the worldwide population, severely impacting on the individual's quality of life and on the healthcare costs. Inactivity and sedentary lifestyle are nowadays considered the main drivers of age-associated musculoskeletal disorders and exercise may counteract such alterations also in other bone- and muscle-centered disorders. This review aims at clarifying the potential use of exercise training to improve musculoskeletal health. RECENT FINDINGS Both the skeletal muscle and the bone are involved in a complex crosstalk determining, in part through tissue-specific and inflammatory/immune released factors, the occurrence of musculoskeletal disorders. Exercise is able to modulate the levels of those molecules and several associated molecular pathways. Evidence from preclinical and clinical trials supports the adoption of exercise and the future use of exercise mimicking drugs will optimize the care of individuals with musculoskeletal disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia S Cento
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, Corso Raffaello, 30, 10125, Torino, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Leigheb
- Orthopaedics and Traumatology Unit, "Maggiore della Carità" Hospital, Department of Health Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, Via Solaroli 17, 28100, Novara, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Caretti
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Via Celoria 26, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Fabio Penna
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, Corso Raffaello, 30, 10125, Torino, Italy.
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28
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Novelli A, Bianchetti A. Glutathione: pharmacological aspects and implications for clinical use. GERIATRIC CARE 2022. [DOI: 10.4081/gc.2022.10390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Glutathione is a tripeptide found in many tissues which plays a pivotal role in critical physiological processes such as maintenance of redox balance, reduction of oxidative stress by enhancement of metabolic detoxification of both xenobiotic and endogenous compounds, and regulation of immune system function. Glutathione depletion is associated with many chronic degenerative diseases and loss of function with aging and altered glutathione metabolism has been implicated in central nervous system diseases, frailty and sarcopenia, infected state, chronic liver diseases, metabolic diseases, pulmonary and cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, the glutathione status may be an important biomarker and treatment target in various chronic, age-related diseases. Here we describe the main pharmacological aspects of glutathione, focusing on its synthesis and role in several vital functions including antioxidant defense, detoxification of xenobiotics and modulation of immune function and fibrogenesis and the clinical implications of its depletion and we discuss the different strategies for increasing glutathione cellular levels either by providing specific precursors and cofactors or directly administering the tripeptide.
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29
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El Assar M, Álvarez-Bustos A, Sosa P, Angulo J, Rodríguez-Mañas L. Effect of Physical Activity/Exercise on Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Muscle and Vascular Aging. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158713. [PMID: 35955849 PMCID: PMC9369066 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Functional status is considered the main determinant of healthy aging. Impairment in skeletal muscle and the cardiovascular system, two interrelated systems, results in compromised functional status in aging. Increased oxidative stress and inflammation in older subjects constitute the background for skeletal muscle and cardiovascular system alterations. Aged skeletal muscle mass and strength impairment is related to anabolic resistance, mitochondrial dysfunction, increased oxidative stress and inflammation as well as a reduced antioxidant response and myokine profile. Arterial stiffness and endothelial function stand out as the main cardiovascular alterations related to aging, where increased systemic and vascular oxidative stress and inflammation play a key role. Physical activity and exercise training arise as modifiable determinants of functional outcomes in older persons. Exercise enhances antioxidant response, decreases age-related oxidative stress and pro-inflammatory signals, and promotes the activation of anabolic and mitochondrial biogenesis pathways in skeletal muscle. Additionally, exercise improves endothelial function and arterial stiffness by reducing inflammatory and oxidative damage signaling in vascular tissue together with an increase in antioxidant enzymes and nitric oxide availability, globally promoting functional performance and healthy aging. This review focuses on the role of oxidative stress and inflammation in aged musculoskeletal and vascular systems and how physical activity/exercise influences functional status in the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariam El Assar
- Fundación para la Investigación Biomédica del Hospital Universitario de Getafe, 28905 Getafe, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alejandro Álvarez-Bustos
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Patricia Sosa
- Fundación para la Investigación Biomédica del Hospital Universitario de Getafe, 28905 Getafe, Spain
| | - Javier Angulo
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Servicio de Histología-Investigación, Unidad de Investigación Traslacional en Cardiología (IRYCIS-UFV), Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - Leocadio Rodríguez-Mañas
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Servicio de Geriatría, Hospital Universitario de Getafe, 28905 Getafe, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-91-683-93-60 (ext. 6411)
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30
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Ikram A, Norrish AR, Marson BA, Craxford S, Gladman JRF, Ollivere BJ. Can the Clinical Frailty Scale on admission predict 30-day survival, postoperative complications, and institutionalization in patients with fragility hip fracture? : a cohort study of 1,255 patients. Bone Joint J 2022; 104-B:980-986. [PMID: 35909371 PMCID: PMC9948448 DOI: 10.1302/0301-620x.104b8.bjj-2020-1835.r2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
AIMS We assessed the value of the Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS) in the prediction of adverse outcome after hip fracture. METHODS Of 1,577 consecutive patients aged > 65 years with a fragility hip fracture admitted to one institution, for whom there were complete data, 1,255 (72%) were studied. Clinicians assigned CFS scores on admission. Audit personnel routinely prospectively completed the Standardised Audit of Hip Fracture in Europe form, including the following outcomes: 30-day survival; in-hospital complications; length of acute hospital stay; and new institutionalization. The relationship between the CFS scores and outcomes was examined graphically and the visual interpretations were tested statistically. The predictive values of the CFS and Nottingham Hip Fracture Score (NHFS) to predict 30-day mortality were compared using receiver operating characteristic area under the curve (AUC) analysis. RESULTS Significant non-linear associations between CFS and outcomes were observed. Risk of death within 30 days rose linearly for CFS 1 to 5, but plateaued for CFS > 5. The incidence of complications and length of stay rose linearly for CFS 1 to 4, but plateaued for CFS > 4. In contrast, the risk of new institutionalization rose linearly for CFS 1 to 8. The AUCs for 30-day mortality for the CFS and NHFS were very similar: CFS AUC 0.63 (95% CI 0.57 to 0.69) and NHFS AUC 0.63 (95% CI 0.57 to 0.69). CONCLUSION Use of the CFS may provide useful information on outcomes for fitter patients presenting with hip fracture, but completion of the CFS by the admitting orthopaedic team does not appear successful in distinguishing between higher CFS categories, which define patients with frailty. This makes a strong case for the role of the orthogeriatrician in the early assessment of these patients. Further work is needed to understand why patients assessed as being of mild, moderate, and severe frailty do not result in different outcomes. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2022;104-B(8):980-986.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adeel Ikram
- Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK,University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Alan R. Norrish
- Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK,Queen Elizabeth Hospital, King’s Lynn, UK
| | - Ben A. Marson
- Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK,University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Simon Craxford
- Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK,University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - John R. F. Gladman
- Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK,University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK,NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Unit, Nottingham, UK,NIHR Applied Research Collaboration East Midlands, Nottingham, UK
| | - Ben J. Ollivere
- Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK,University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK,NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Unit, Nottingham, UK,Correspondence should be sent to Ben J. Ollivere. E-mail:
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31
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Oxidative stress, aging, antioxidant supplementation and their impact on human health: An overview. Mech Ageing Dev 2022; 206:111707. [PMID: 35839856 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2022.111707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Aging is characterized by a progressive loss of tissue and organ function due to genetic and environmental factors, nutrition, and lifestyle. Oxidative stress is one the most important mechanisms of cellular senescence and increased frailty, resulting in several age-linked, noncommunicable diseases. Contributing events include genomic instability, telomere shortening, epigenetic mechanisms, reduced proteome homeostasis, altered stem-cell function, defective intercellular communication, progressive deregulation of nutrient sensing, mitochondrial dysfunction, and metabolic unbalance. These complex events and their interplay can be modulated by dietary habits and the ageing process, acting as potential measures of primary and secondary prevention. Promising nutritional approaches include the Mediterranean diet, the intake of dietary antioxidants, and the restriction of caloric intake. A comprehensive understanding of the ageing processes should promote new biomarkers of risk or diagnosis, but also beneficial treatments oriented to increase lifespan.
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32
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Li X, Cao X, Ying Z, Yang G, Hoogendijk EO, Liu Z. Plasma superoxide dismutase activity in relation to disability in activities of daily living and objective physical functioning among Chinese older adults. Maturitas 2022; 161:12-17. [PMID: 35688489 DOI: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2022.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to examine the associations of plasma superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, an indicator of oxidative stress, with disability in activities of daily living (ADL) and objective physical functioning among Chinese older adults. METHODS We used cross-sectional data of 2223 older adults (≥65 years, including 1505 adults≥80 years) from the 2011/2012 main survey of the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS) and the 2012 biomarker sub-study. Plasma SOD activity was assessed by the T-SOD assay kit based on the hydroxylamine method. Outcomes included ADL disability and disability in three objective physical tasks (standing up from a chair, picking up a book from the floor, and turning around 360°). Logistic regression models were used to examine the associations of plasma SOD activity with outcomes. RESULTS After controlling for age and sex, compared with participants in the lowest quartile group of SOD activity, those in the highest quartile group had 31% lower odds of ADL disability (odds ratio [OR]: 0.69; 95%CI: 0.48, 0.98); 60% lower odds of disability in standing up from a chair (OR: 0.40; 95%CI: 0.25, 0.63); and 57% lower odds of disability in picking up a book from a floor (OR: 0.43; 95%CI: 0.28, 0.65). The results did not change substantially after controlling for additional covariates. We did not observe statistically significant age and sex differences. CONCLUSIONS Overall, plasma SOD activity was associated with subjectively and objectively measured disability in Chinese older adults, highlighting the potential of SOD activity to serve as a biomarker of physical functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueqin Li
- Department of Big Data in Health Science and Center for Clinical Big Data and Analytics, Second Affiliated Hospital and School of Public Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xingqi Cao
- Department of Big Data in Health Science and Center for Clinical Big Data and Analytics, Second Affiliated Hospital and School of Public Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhimin Ying
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guangtao Yang
- School of Laboratory Medicine and School of Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Emiel O Hoogendijk
- Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC-location VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Zuyun Liu
- Department of Big Data in Health Science and Center for Clinical Big Data and Analytics, Second Affiliated Hospital and School of Public Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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Kumar S, Praneet NS, Suchiang K. Lactobacillus brevis MTCC 1750 enhances oxidative stress resistance and lifespan extension with improved physiological and functional capacity in Caenorhabditis elegans via the DAF-16 pathway. Free Radic Res 2022; 56:555-571. [PMID: 36480684 DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2022.2155518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Redox imbalance plays a crucial role in the development of age-related diseases, and resistance to oxidative stress is crucial for optimum longevity and healthy aging. Using the wild-type, mutant and transgenic strains, this study explored the antioxidative potential and lifespan extension benefits of different Lactobacillus strains in Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans). We observed that Lactobacillus brevis MTCC 1750 could enhance the resistance of C. elegans against juglone induced oxidative stress by reducing its intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation. Also, live L. brevis MTCC 1750 could prolong the worm's lifespan. These effects are dependent on transcription factor DAF-16 evident with significant upregulation of its target gene sod-3. This also explained the significant improvements in different age-associated changes in physiological and mechanical parameters of the worm by L. brevis MTCC 1750. Further investigations revealed that DAF-16 activation and, its enhanced translocation in the nucleus is independent of DAF-2 or JNK pathway. These findings highlighted L. brevis MTCC 1750 as a potent anti-oxidant source for complementing current antioxidant therapeutic strategies. Nonetheless, the findings showed how different signaling events are regulated based on an organism's diet component, and their consequences on the aging process in multiple species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, India
| | - Nalla Sai Praneet
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, India
| | - Kitlangki Suchiang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, India
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Mone P, Pansini A, Jankauskas SS, Varzideh F, Kansakar U, Lombardi A, Trimarco V, Frullone S, Santulli G. L-Arginine Improves Cognitive Impairment in Hypertensive Frail Older Adults. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:868521. [PMID: 35498050 PMCID: PMC9039514 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.868521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cognitive impairment is a prevailing event in hypertensive patients and in frail older adults. Endothelial dysfunction has been shown to underlie both hypertension and cognitive dysfunction. Our hypothesis is that L-Arginine, which is known to ameliorate endothelial dysfunction, could counteract cognitive impairment in a high-risk population of hypertensive frail older adults. We designed a clinical trial to verify the effects of 4-weeks oral supplementation of L-Arginine on global cognitive function of hypertensive frail older patients. The study was successfully completed by 35 frail hypertensive elderly patients assigned to L-Arginine and 37 assigned to placebo. At follow-up, we found a significant difference in the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) test score between the L-Arginine treated group and placebo (p: 0.0178). Moreover, we demonstrated that L-Arginine significantly attenuates Angiotensin II-induced mitochondrial oxidative stress in human endothelial cells. In conclusion, our findings indicate for the first time that oral L-Arginine supplementation significantly improves cognitive impairment in frail hypertensive older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pasquale Mone
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, United States.,Azienda Sanitaria Locale (ASL) Avellino, Avellino, Italy.,Campania University, Naples, Italy
| | | | | | - Fahimeh Varzideh
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Urna Kansakar
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Angela Lombardi
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | | | | | - Gaetano Santulli
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, United States.,University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
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35
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Picca A, Calvani R, Marzetti E. Multisystem derangements in frailty and sarcopenia: a source for biomarker discovery. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care 2022; 25:173-177. [PMID: 35238804 DOI: 10.1097/mco.0000000000000828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Multisystem derangements, encompassing metabolic, musculoskeletal and stress-response systems, occur during aging and are associated with the development of physical frailty and sarcopenia. These modular changes are relevant sources for the identification of biomarkers for the two conditions. Here, we provide an up-to-date overview on existing biomarkers of physical frailty and sarcopenia and discuss emerging approaches for biomarker discovery. RECENT FINDINGS Inflammatory, metabolic and hematologic markers are shared between physical frailty and sarcopenia. Gut microbial derivatives and damage-associated molecular patterns transferred via extracellular vesicles have been indicated as possible gut-muscle axis regulators and candidate markers of physical frailty and sarcopenia. SUMMARY Mediators of metabolic, musculoskeletal and stress-response system dysregulation are shared by physical frailty and sarcopenia and indicate the existence of common pathophysiological pathways. Multiplatform biomarker analyses have been proposed as an innovating approach for tracking the multifaceted and dynamic nature of physical frailty and sarcopenia. Upon validation, the identified biomarkers may support diagnostic makeup and tracking of the two conditions in both research and clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Picca
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario 'Agostino Gemelli' IRCCS
| | | | - Emanuele Marzetti
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario 'Agostino Gemelli' IRCCS
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Department of Geriatrics and Orthopedics, Rome, Italy
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Alvarado JC, Fuentes-Santamaría V, Juiz JM. Frailty Syndrome and Oxidative Stress as Possible Links Between Age-Related Hearing Loss and Alzheimer’s Disease. Front Neurosci 2022; 15:816300. [PMID: 35115905 PMCID: PMC8804094 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.816300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
As it is well known, a worldwide improvement in life expectancy has taken place. This has brought an increase in chronic pathologies associated with aging. Cardiovascular, musculoskeletal, psychiatric, and neurodegenerative conditions are common in elderly subjects. As far as neurodegenerative diseases are concerned dementias and particularly, Alzheimer’s disease (AD) occupy a central epidemiological position given their high prevalence and their profound negative impact on the quality of life and life expectancy. The amyloid cascade hypothesis partly explains the immediate cause of AD. However, limited therapeutical success based on this hypothesis suggests more complex remote mechanisms underlying its genesis and development. For instance, the strong association of AD with another irreversible neurodegenerative pathology, without curative treatment and complex etiology such as presbycusis, reaffirms the intricate nature of the etiopathogenesis of AD. Recently, oxidative stress and frailty syndrome have been proposed, independently, as key factors underlying the onset and/or development of AD and presbycusis. Therefore, the present review summarizes recent findings about the etiology of the above-mentioned neurodegenerative diseases, providing a critical view of the possible interplay among oxidative stress, frailty syndrome, AD and presbycusis, that may help to unravel the common mechanisms shared by both pathologies. This knowledge would help to design new possible therapeutic strategies that in turn, will improve the quality of life of these patients.
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Carini G, Musazzi L, Bolzetta F, Cester A, Fiorentini C, Ieraci A, Maggi S, Popoli M, Veronese N, Barbon A. The Potential Role of miRNAs in Cognitive Frailty. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:763110. [PMID: 34867290 PMCID: PMC8632944 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.763110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Frailty is an aging related condition, which has been defined as a state of enhanced vulnerability to stressors, leading to a limited capacity to meet homeostatic demands. Cognitive impairment is also frequent in older people, often accompanying frailty. Age is the main independent risk factor for both frailty and cognitive impairment, and compelling evidence suggests that similar age-associated mechanisms could underlie both clinical conditions. Accordingly, it has been suggested that frailty and cognitive impairment share common pathways, and some authors proposed "cognitive frailty" as a single complex phenotype. Nevertheless, so far, no clear common underlying pathways have been discovered for both conditions. microRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as key fine-tuning regulators in most physiological processes, as well as pathological conditions. Importantly, miRNAs have been proposed as both peripheral biomarkers and potential molecular factors involved in physiological and pathological aging. In this review, we discuss the evidence linking changes of selected miRNAs expression with frailty and cognitive impairment. Overall, miR-92a-5p and miR-532-5p, as well as other miRNAs implicated in pathological aging, should be investigated as potential biomarkers (and putative molecular effectors) of cognitive frailty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Carini
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Laura Musazzi
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Bolzetta
- Medical Department, Geriatric Unit, Azienda ULSS (Unità Locale Socio Sanitaria) 3 "Serenissima," Venice, Italy
| | - Alberto Cester
- Medical Department, Geriatric Unit, Azienda ULSS (Unità Locale Socio Sanitaria) 3 "Serenissima," Venice, Italy
| | - Chiara Fiorentini
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Alessandro Ieraci
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefania Maggi
- Aging Branch, Neuroscience Institute, National Research Council, Padua, Italy
| | - Maurizio Popoli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Nicola Veronese
- Medical Department, Geriatric Unit, Azienda ULSS (Unità Locale Socio Sanitaria) 3 "Serenissima," Venice, Italy.,Geriatrics Section, Department of Medicine, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Alessandro Barbon
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
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Khanthong P, Sriyakul K, Dechakhamphu A, Krajarng A, Kamalashiran C, Tungsukruthai P. Traditional Thai exercise (Ruesi Dadton) for improving motor and cognitive functions in mild cognitive impairment: a randomized controlled trial. J Exerc Rehabil 2021; 17:331-338. [PMID: 34805022 PMCID: PMC8566108 DOI: 10.12965/jer.2142542.271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
This study determined the effectiveness of a 12-week cycle of Ruesi Dadton (RSD) among older adults with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), for improving cognitive and physical performance. Seventy-six participants were included and were divided equally into two groups. A group performed RSD exercise for 60 min, 3 times/wk for 12 weeks, and the control group did not perform RSD exercise. The primary endpoint was cognitive function, as assessed by the Montreal cognitive assessment (MoCA), Mini-Mental State Examination, verbal fluency (VF) test, and trail making test parts A and B (TMT-A and TMT-B). The secondary endpoints were the Timed Up and Go (TUG) test, handgrip, and gait speed results, which were used to evaluate the physical function. There were significant differences in the TMT-B and handgrip scores (P<0.05) between the two groups. Both groups had improved MoCA scores (P<0.05) and normal walking speeds (P<0.01). Additionally, the RSD group showed improved VF test (P<0.01), TMT-B (P<0.01), and TUG test (P<0.05); a negative correlation was found between MoCA and TUG test (P<0.05). However, high walking speed and handgrip (P<0.05) worsened in the control group. RSD exercise resulted in relevant improvements in the cognitive and physical functions in MCI.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kusuma Sriyakul
- Chulabhorn International College of Medicine, Thammasat University, Klonglaung, Thailand
| | - Ananya Dechakhamphu
- Faculty of Thai Traditional Medicine and Alternative Medicine, Ubon Ratchathani Rajabhat University, Ubon Ratchathani, Thailand
| | - Aungkana Krajarng
- Chulabhorn International College of Medicine, Thammasat University, Klonglaung, Thailand
| | - Chuntida Kamalashiran
- Chulabhorn International College of Medicine, Thammasat University, Klonglaung, Thailand
| | - Parunkul Tungsukruthai
- Chulabhorn International College of Medicine, Thammasat University, Klonglaung, Thailand
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Xia F, Zhang J, Meng S, Qiu H, Guo F. Association of Frailty With the Risk of Mortality and Resource Utilization in Elderly Patients in Intensive Care Units: A Meta-Analysis. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:637446. [PMID: 34671610 PMCID: PMC8521007 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.637446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The associations of frailty with the risk of mortality and resource utilization in the elderly patients admitted to intensive care unit (ICU) remain unclear. To address these issues, we performed a meta-analysis to determine whether frailty is associated with adverse outcomes and increased resource utilization in elderly patients admitted to the ICU. Methods: We searched PubMed, EMBASE, ScienceDirect, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials through August 2021 to identify the relevant studies that investigated frailty in elderly (≥ 65 years old) patients admitted to an ICU and compared outcomes and resource utilization between frail and non-frail patients. The primary outcome was mortality. We also investigated the prevalence of frailty and the impact of frailty on the health resource utilization, such as hospital length of stay (LOS) and resource utilization of ICU. Results: A total of 13 observational studies enrolling 64,279 participants (28,951 frail and 35,328 non-frail) were finally included. Frailty was associated with an increased risk of short-term mortality (10 studies, relative risk [RR]: 1.70; 95% CI: 1.45–1.98), in-hospital mortality (five studies, RR: 1.73; 95% CI: 1.55–1.93), and long-term mortality (six studies, RR: 1.86; 95% CI: 1.44–2.42). Subgroup analysis showed that retrospective studies identified a stronger correlation between frailty and hospital LOS (three studies, MD 1.14 d; 95% CI: 0.92–1.36). Conclusions: Frailty is common in the elderly patients admitted to ICU, and is associated with increased mortality and prolonged hospital LOS. Trial registration: This study was registered in the PROSPERO database (CRD42020207242).
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Affiliation(s)
- Feiping Xia
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shanshan Meng
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Haibo Qiu
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Fengmei Guo
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
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Kositsawat J, Duque G, Kirk B. Nutrients with anabolic/anticatabolic, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties: Targeting the biological mechanisms of aging to support musculoskeletal health. Exp Gerontol 2021; 154:111521. [PMID: 34428477 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2021.111521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Old age is associated with declines in bone density and muscle mass and function, which predisposes to mobility disability, falls, and fractures. Poor nutritional status, a risk factor for several age-related pathologies, becomes prevalent in old age and contributes to the structural and functional changes of the musculoskeletal system that increases the risk of osteoporosis, sarcopenia, osteosarcopenia, and physical frailty. The biological mechanisms underpinning these pathologies often overlap and include loss of proteostasis, impaired redox functioning, and chronic low-grade inflammation. Thus, provision of nutrients with anabolic/anticatabolic, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties may be an effective strategy to offset these age-related pathologies. We searched PUBMED for pre-clinical and clinical work examining the effects of nutrients with a combined effect on muscle and bone. This review summarizes recent evidence on the mechanisms of action and potential clinical use of nutrients that concomitantly improve muscle and bone health in older persons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jatupol Kositsawat
- Center on Aging, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Gustavo Duque
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), The University of Melbourne and Western Health, St Albans, VIC 3021, Australia; Department of Medicine-Western Health, Melbourne Medical School, The University of Melbourne, St Albans, VIC 3021, Australia
| | - Ben Kirk
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), The University of Melbourne and Western Health, St Albans, VIC 3021, Australia; Department of Medicine-Western Health, Melbourne Medical School, The University of Melbourne, St Albans, VIC 3021, Australia.
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41
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Khanthong P, Natason A, Dechakhamphu A. Benefit of Ruesi Dadton on Oxidative Stress and Physical Performance: Quasi-Experimental Study. PHYSICAL & OCCUPATIONAL THERAPY IN GERIATRICS 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/02703181.2021.1980480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Phaksachiphon Khanthong
- Faculty of Thai Traditional and Alternative Medicine, Ubon Ratchathani Rajabhat University, Ubon Ratchathani, Thailand
| | - Amornrat Natason
- Faculty of Nursing, Ubon Ratchathani University, Ubon Ratchathani, Thailand
| | - Ananya Dechakhamphu
- Faculty of Thai Traditional and Alternative Medicine, Ubon Ratchathani Rajabhat University, Ubon Ratchathani, Thailand
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Dietary Regulation of Oxidative Stress in Chronic Metabolic Diseases. Foods 2021; 10:foods10081854. [PMID: 34441631 PMCID: PMC8391153 DOI: 10.3390/foods10081854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is a status of imbalance between oxidants and antioxidants, resulting in molecular damage and interruption of redox signaling in an organism. Indeed, oxidative stress has been associated with many metabolic disorders due to unhealthy dietary patterns and may be alleviated by properly increasing the intake of antioxidants. Thus, it is quite important to adopt a healthy dietary mode to regulate oxidative stress and maintain cell and tissue homeostasis, preventing inflammation and chronic metabolic diseases. This review focuses on the links between dietary nutrients and health, summarizing the role of oxidative stress in ‘unhealthy’ metabolic pathway activities in individuals and how oxidative stress is further regulated by balanced diets.
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43
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Zhang X, Wang H, Han Y, Pei Y, Guo Y, Cui SW. Purple sweet potato extract maintains intestinal homeostasis and extend lifespan through increasing autophagy in female Drosophila melanogaster. J Food Biochem 2021; 45:e13861. [PMID: 34268787 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2020] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Purple sweet potatoes extract (PSPE) have been used as a natural food antioxidant with high anthocyanin concentrations. Research investigated the lifespan and the mechanisms of PSPE on female Drosophila melanogaster. Supplementation of PSPE extended the lifespan by 16.3% and had a protective effect on injury by oxidative stress. PSPE treatment enhanced the endogenous antioxidant enzyme activity and reduced malondialdehyde (MDA) content. Furthermore, PSPE significantly up-regulated foxo-related genes, inhibited mTOR mRNA expression, and activated autophagy to maintain intestinal homeostasis. Meanwhile, PSPE improved intestinal barrier dysfunction by 22.86%, decelerated the abnormal proliferation rate of intestinal stem cell (ISCs) by 23.77%, and improved intestinal integrity in geriatric D. melanogaster. In conclusion, PSPE may maintain intestinal homeostasis, and improve the antioxidant and stress resistance capacity through the insulin and rapamycin pathway, thereby extending the lifespan. Therefore, it provides active support to the development and application of PSPE in functional food. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: In recent years, with the increase of age, age-related complications have generally increased and seriously affected people's healthy life. Purple sweet potato is a nutrient-rich substance, which not only has a unique color but also contains rich anthocyanins, so it has many potential biological and pharmacological functions. Our results showed that the PSPE had a good effect of maintaining the intestinal homeostasis of the older adult, and provided a favorable theoretical basis for the development of PSPE functional products and scientific academic research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science and Technology (TUST), Tianjin, China
- School of Food Science, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China
| | - Hao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science and Technology (TUST), Tianjin, China
| | - Ying Han
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science and Technology (TUST), Tianjin, China
| | - Ya Pei
- Food and Nutritional Sciences, Department of Family and Consumer Sciences, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, Greensboro, NC, USA
| | - Yatu Guo
- Tianjin Key Lab of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Tianjin Eye Hospital, Tianjin Eye Institute, Tianjin, China
| | - Steve W Cui
- Guelph Reserch and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Guelph, Canada
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Rodríguez-Sánchez E, Navarro-García JA, Aceves-Ripoll J, González-Lafuente L, Corbacho-Alonso N, Baldan-Martín M, Madruga F, Alvarez-Llamas G, Barderas MG, Ruilope LM, Ruiz-Hurtado G. Analysis of Global Oxidative Status Using Multimarker Scores Reveals a Specific Association Between Renal Dysfunction and Diuretic Therapy in Older Adults. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2021; 76:1198-1205. [PMID: 33423057 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glab012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging and chronic kidney disease (CKD) are important interrelated cardiovascular risk (CVR) factors linked to oxidative stress, but this relationship has not been well studied in older adults. We assessed the global oxidative status in an older population with normal to severely impaired renal function. We determined the oxidative status of 93 older adults (mean age 85 years) using multimarker scores. OxyScore was computed as index of systemic oxidative damage by analyzing carbonyl groups, oxidized low-density lipoprotein, 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine, and xanthine oxidase activity. AntioxyScore was computed as index of antioxidant defense by analyzing catalase and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and total antioxidant capacity. OxyScore and AntioxyScore were higher in subjects with estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) <60 mL/min/1.73 m2 than in peers with eGFR >60 mL/min/1.73 m2, with protein carbonyls, catalase, and SOD activity as major drivers. Older adults with a recent cardiovascular event had similar OxyScore and AntioxyScore as peers with eGFR >60 mL/min/1.73 m2. Multivariate linear regression analysis revealed that both indices were associated with decreased eGFR independently of traditional CVR factors. Interestingly, AntioxyScore was also associated with diuretic treatment, and a more pronounced increase was seen in subjects receiving combination therapy. The associations of AntioxyScore with diuretic treatment and eGFR were mutually independent. In conclusion, eGFR is the major contributor to the imbalance in oxidative stress in this older population. Given the association between oxidative stress, CKD, and CVR, the inclusion of renal function parameters in CVR estimators for older populations, such as the SCORE-OP, might improve their modest performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Rodríguez-Sánchez
- Cardiorenal Translational Laboratory, Institute of Research i+12, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - José Alberto Navarro-García
- Cardiorenal Translational Laboratory, Institute of Research i+12, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jennifer Aceves-Ripoll
- Cardiorenal Translational Laboratory, Institute of Research i+12, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura González-Lafuente
- Cardiorenal Translational Laboratory, Institute of Research i+12, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - Nerea Corbacho-Alonso
- Department of Vascular Physiopathology, Hospital Nacional de Parapléjicos, SESCAM, Toledo, Spain
| | - Montserrat Baldan-Martín
- Department of Vascular Physiopathology, Hospital Nacional de Parapléjicos, SESCAM, Toledo, Spain
| | - Felipe Madruga
- Departament of Geriatrics, Hospital Virgen del Valle, SESCAM, Toledo, Spain
| | - Gloria Alvarez-Llamas
- Departament of Immunology, IIS-Fundación Jimenez Diaz, Madrid, Spain.,REDINREN, Madrid, Spain
| | - María G Barderas
- Department of Vascular Physiopathology, Hospital Nacional de Parapléjicos, SESCAM, Toledo, Spain
| | - Luis M Ruilope
- Cardiorenal Translational Laboratory, Institute of Research i+12, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain.,European University of Madrid, Spain
| | - Gema Ruiz-Hurtado
- Cardiorenal Translational Laboratory, Institute of Research i+12, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain.,CIBER-CV, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
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45
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Rodríguez-Mañas L, Angulo J, Carnicero JA, El Assar M, García-García FJ, Sinclair AJ. Dual effects of insulin resistance on mortality and function in non-diabetic older adults: findings from the Toledo Study of Healthy Aging. GeroScience 2021; 44:1095-1108. [PMID: 34075557 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-021-00384-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Insulin signalling declines with increasing age and impacts skeletal muscle function and longevity in animal models. Our aim was to assess the relationships between insulin resistance (IR) and frailty and mortality in a unique community-dwelling cohort of older people. 991 non-diabetic subjects from the Toledo Study of Healthy Ageing (TSHA) cohort were included. IR was estimated by the homeostasis model assessment index (HOMA-IR) at baseline while frailty was determined by frailty phenotype (FP) and Frailty Trait Scale (FTS) at baseline and after 5-year follow-up. Deaths were also determined. Multivariate regression models were used to analyze the effects of HOMA-IR on outcomes. Age, gender, BMI, education level, cardio- and cerebro-vascular disease, glomerular filtration rate, and disability were included as potential confounding variables in progressive adjustment models. IR determined as increasing log HOMA-IR was inversely associated with risk of mortality. The association remained significant for all adjustment models (HR: 0.64-0.69). When we analyzed survival curves, the higher the HOMA-IR tertile, the lower the mortality rate (highest vs lowest tertile, p = 0.0082). In contrast, IR increased the risk of incident frailty determined by FP (OR 1.81 [1.14-2.87]) as well as deterioration of frailty status determined by worsening in FTS score (OR 1.28 [1.01-1.63]) at 5-year follow-up. In non-diabetic older subjects, IR significantly increases the risk for frailty and functional decline but decreased the risk of death at 5-year follow-up. This finding raises the need of assessing the effect of biomarkers on different outcomes before establishing their role as biomarkers of aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leocadio Rodríguez-Mañas
- Servicio de Geriatría, Hospital Universitario de Getafe, Getafe, Spain.
- Fundación de Investigación Biomédica del Hospital Universitario de Getafe, Getafe, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Hospital Universitario de Getafe, Ctra de Toledo km 12,500, 28905, Getafe, Spain.
| | - Javier Angulo
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Servicio de Histología-Investigación, Unidad de Investigación Traslacional en Cardiología (IRYCIS-UFV), Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain
| | - José A Carnicero
- Fundación de Investigación Biomédica del Hospital Universitario de Getafe, Getafe, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mariam El Assar
- Fundación de Investigación Biomédica del Hospital Universitario de Getafe, Getafe, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Alan J Sinclair
- Foundation for Diabetes Research in Older People (fDROP) and King's College London, London, UK
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46
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Bavaro DF, Diella L, Fabrizio C, Sulpasso R, Bottalico IF, Calamo A, Santoro CR, Brindicci G, Bruno G, Mastroianni A, Buccoliero GB, Carbonara S, Lo Caputo S, Santantonio T, Monno L, Angarano G, Saracino A. Peculiar clinical presentation of COVID-19 and predictors of mortality in the elderly: A multicentre retrospective cohort study. Int J Infect Dis 2021; 105:709-715. [PMID: 33722685 PMCID: PMC7967397 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2021.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2020] [Revised: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The spectrum of COVID-19 clinical manifestations is not yet known. In the elderly, mortality and extrapulmonary involvement appears more frequent than expected. Methods A multicentre-retrospective-case-series study of COVID-19 patients, aged ≥65 years, hospitalised between March 1 and June 15, 2020. Patients were classified at admission into 3 groups based on their Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS) score: 1–3 (group A), 4–6 (group B) and 7–9 (group C). Results Of the 206 patients in the study, 60 (29%) were assigned to group A, 60 (29%) to B and 86 (42%) to C. Significantly more frequent in group C than in B or A were: mental confusion (respectively 65%, 33%, 7%; P < 0.001), kidney failure (39%, 22%, 20%; P = 0.019), dehydration syndrome (55%, 27%, 13%; P < 0.001), electrolyte imbalance (54%, 32%, 25%; P = 0.001), and diabetic decompensation (22%, 12%, 7%; P = 0.026). Crude mortality was 27%. By multivariate logistic regression model independent predictors of death were male sex (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 2.87,95%CI = 1.15–7.18), CFS 7–9 (aOR = 9.97,95%CI = 1.82–52.99), dehydration at admission (aOR = 4.27,95%CI = 1.72–10.57) and non-invasive/invasive ventilation (aOR = 4.88,95%CI = 1.94–12.26). Conclusions Elderly patients with a high CFS showed frequent extrapulmonary signs at admission, even in the absence of lung involvement. These findings, along with a high CFS, predicted a significant risk of mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- D F Bavaro
- Clinic of Infectious Diseases, University of Bari, University Hospital Policlinico, Bari, Italy.
| | - L Diella
- Clinic of Infectious Diseases, University of Bari, University Hospital Policlinico, Bari, Italy
| | - C Fabrizio
- Malattie Infettive e Tropicali, Ospedale Oncologico San Giuseppe Moscati, Taranto, Italy
| | - R Sulpasso
- Clinic of Infectious Diseases, University of Bari, University Hospital Policlinico, Bari, Italy
| | - I F Bottalico
- Clinic of Infectious Disease, University of Foggia, Ospedali Riuniti, Foggia, Italy
| | - A Calamo
- U.O.C. Malattie Infettive, ASL BAT, P.O. V. Emanuele II, Bisceglie, Italy
| | - C R Santoro
- Malattie Infettive e Tropicali, Ospedale Oncologico San Giuseppe Moscati, Taranto, Italy
| | - G Brindicci
- Clinic of Infectious Diseases, University of Bari, University Hospital Policlinico, Bari, Italy
| | - G Bruno
- Malattie Infettive e Tropicali, Ospedale Oncologico San Giuseppe Moscati, Taranto, Italy
| | - A Mastroianni
- Unit of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, St. Annunziata Hospital, Cosenza, Italy
| | - G B Buccoliero
- Malattie Infettive e Tropicali, Ospedale Oncologico San Giuseppe Moscati, Taranto, Italy
| | - S Carbonara
- U.O.C. Malattie Infettive, ASL BAT, P.O. V. Emanuele II, Bisceglie, Italy
| | - S Lo Caputo
- Clinic of Infectious Disease, University of Foggia, Ospedali Riuniti, Foggia, Italy
| | - T Santantonio
- Clinic of Infectious Disease, University of Foggia, Ospedali Riuniti, Foggia, Italy
| | - L Monno
- Clinic of Infectious Diseases, University of Bari, University Hospital Policlinico, Bari, Italy
| | - G Angarano
- Clinic of Infectious Diseases, University of Bari, University Hospital Policlinico, Bari, Italy
| | - A Saracino
- Clinic of Infectious Diseases, University of Bari, University Hospital Policlinico, Bari, Italy
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47
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Ruskin DN, Sturdevant IC, Wyss LS, Masino SA. Ketogenic diet effects on inflammatory allodynia and ongoing pain in rodents. Sci Rep 2021; 11:725. [PMID: 33436956 PMCID: PMC7804255 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-80727-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Ketogenic diets are very low carbohydrate, high fat, moderate protein diets used to treat medication-resistant epilepsy. Growing evidence suggests that one of the ketogenic diet’s main mechanisms of action is reducing inflammation. Here, we examined the diet’s effects on experimental inflammatory pain in rodent models. Young adult rats and mice were placed on the ketogenic diet or maintained on control diet. After 3–4 weeks on their respective diets, complete Freund’s adjuvant (CFA) was injected in one hindpaw to induce inflammation; the contralateral paw was used as the control. Tactile sensitivity (von Frey) and indicators of spontaneous pain were quantified before and after CFA injection. Ketogenic diet treatment significantly reduced tactile allodynia in both rats and mice, though with a species-specific time course. There was a strong trend to reduced spontaneous pain in rats but not mice. These data suggest that ketogenic diets or other ketogenic treatments might be useful treatments for conditions involving inflammatory pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- David N Ruskin
- Neuroscience Program and Department of Psychology, Trinity College, 300 Summit St., Hartford, CT, 06106, USA.
| | - Isabella C Sturdevant
- Neuroscience Program and Department of Psychology, Trinity College, 300 Summit St., Hartford, CT, 06106, USA
| | - Livia S Wyss
- Neuroscience Program and Department of Psychology, Trinity College, 300 Summit St., Hartford, CT, 06106, USA
| | - Susan A Masino
- Neuroscience Program and Department of Psychology, Trinity College, 300 Summit St., Hartford, CT, 06106, USA
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48
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La Spina M, Contreras PS, Rissone A, Meena NK, Jeong E, Martina JA. MiT/TFE Family of Transcription Factors: An Evolutionary Perspective. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 8:609683. [PMID: 33490073 PMCID: PMC7815692 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.609683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Response and adaptation to stress are critical for the survival of all living organisms. The regulation of the transcriptional machinery is an important aspect of these complex processes. The members of the microphthalmia (MiT/TFE) family of transcription factors, apart from their involvement in melanocyte biology, are emerging as key players in a wide range of cellular functions in response to a plethora of internal and external stresses. The MiT/TFE proteins are structurally related and conserved through evolution. Their tissue expression and activities are highly regulated by alternative splicing, promoter usage, and posttranslational modifications. Here, we summarize the functions of MiT/TFE proteins as master transcriptional regulators across evolution and discuss the contribution of animal models to our understanding of the various roles of these transcription factors. We also highlight the importance of deciphering transcriptional regulatory mechanisms in the quest for potential therapeutic targets for human diseases, such as lysosomal storage disorders, neurodegeneration, and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina La Spina
- Cell and Developmental Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Pablo S Contreras
- Cell and Developmental Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Alberto Rissone
- Cell and Developmental Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Naresh K Meena
- Cell and Developmental Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Eutteum Jeong
- Cell and Developmental Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - José A Martina
- Cell and Developmental Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
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49
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El Assar M, Angulo J, Carnicero JA, Walter S, García-García FJ, Rodríguez-Artalejo F, Rodríguez-Mañas L. Association between telomere length, frailty and death in older adults. GeroScience 2020; 43:1015-1027. [PMID: 33190211 PMCID: PMC8110679 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-020-00291-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Frailty is considered a clinical marker of functional ageing. Telomere length (TL) has been proposed as a biomarker of biological age but its role in human ageing is controversial. The main aim of the study was to evaluate the longitudinal association of TL with incident frailty and mortality in two cohorts of Spanish community-dwelling older adults. TL was determined at baseline in blood samples from older adults included in Toledo Study for Healthy Aging and ENRICA cohorts while frailty was determined by frailty phenotype (FP) at baseline and at follow-up (3.5 years). Deaths occurring during follow-up were also recorded. Associations of TL with frailty and mortality were analysed by logistic regression with progressive adjustment. Data were separately analysed in the two cohorts and in all subjects by performing a meta-analysis. TL was not different between frail and non-frail subjects. Longer telomeres were not associated with lower risk of prevalent frailty. Similarly, TL at baseline failed to predict incident frailty (OR: 1.04 [0.88-1.23]) or even the development of a new FP criterion (OR: 0.97 [0.90-1.05]) at follow-up. Lack of association was also observed when analysing the development of specific FP criteria. Finally, while frailty at baseline was significantly associated with higher risk of death at follow-up (OR: 4.08 [1.97-8.43], p < 0.001), TL did not significantly change the mortality risk (OR: 1.05 [0.94-1.16]). Results show that TL does not predict incident frailty or mortality in older adults. This suggests that TL is not a reliable biomarker of functional age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariam El Assar
- Fundación de Investigación Biomédica del Hospital Universitario de Getafe, Getafe, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Angulo
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Servicio de Histología-Investigación, Unidad de Investigación Traslacional en Cardiología (IRYCIS-UFV), Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain
| | - José A Carnicero
- Fundación de Investigación Biomédica del Hospital Universitario de Getafe, Getafe, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Stefan Walter
- Fundación de Investigación Biomédica del Hospital Universitario de Getafe, Getafe, Spain
| | | | - Fernando Rodríguez-Artalejo
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid/IdiPaz, CIBERESP, and IMDEA Food Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | - Leocadio Rodríguez-Mañas
- Fundación de Investigación Biomédica del Hospital Universitario de Getafe, Getafe, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
- Servicio de Geriatría, Hospital Universitario de Getafe, Getafe, Spain.
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Hospital Universitario de Getafe, Ctra de Toledo km 12,500, 28905, Getafe, Spain.
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50
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Evidence from two cohorts for the frailty syndrome as an emergent state of parallel dysregulation in multiple physiological systems. Biogerontology 2020; 22:63-79. [PMID: 33064226 PMCID: PMC8557952 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-020-09903-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Frailty is a clinical syndrome often present in older adults and characterized by a heightened vulnerability to stressors. The biological antecedents and etiology of frailty are unclear despite decades of research: frailty is associated with dysregulation in a wide range of physiological systems, but no specific cause has been identified. Here, we test predictions stemming from the hypothesis that there is no specific cause: that frailty is an emergent property arising from the complex systems dynamics of the broad loss of organismal homeostasis. Specifically, we use dysregulation of six physiological systems using the Mahalanobis distance approach in two cohorts of older adults to test the breadth, diffuseness, and nonlinearity of associations between frailty and system-specific dysregulation. We find clear support for the breadth of associations between frailty and physiological dysregulation: positive associations of all systems with frailty in at least some analyses. We find partial support for diffuseness: the number of systems or total amount of dysregulation is more important than the identity of the systems dysregulated, but results only partially replicate across cohorts. We find partial support for nonlinearity: trends are exponential but not always significantly so, and power is limited for groups with very high levels of dysregulation. Overall, results are consistent with-but not definitive proof of-frailty as an emergent property of complex systems dynamics. Substantial work remains to understand how frailty relates to underlying physiological dynamics across systems.
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