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Liu J, Teng C, Zheng X, Xu L, Cao H, Gai C. Shewanella putrefaciens as an emerging pathogen of hepatopancreas necrosis disease in Chinese mitten crab Eriocheir sinensis. DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS 2024; 159:143-152. [PMID: 39206609 DOI: 10.3354/dao03811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Shewanella putrefaciens has been recognized as an emerging important pathogen in aquaculture. However, scarce information is available on the characterization and microbial control of S. putrefaciens as a causal agent of hepatopancreas necrosis disease in Chinese mitten crab Eriocheir sinensis. In this study, a multi-resistant S. putrefaciens isolate (DZ-A) was identified as a causal pathogen of hepatopancreas necrosis disease in Chinese mitten crabs. It showed a lethal dose (LD50) of 2.20 × 105 CFU ml-1 in Chinese mitten crabs, and multiple resistance to aminoglycoside, chloramphenicol, macrolide, penicillin, peptide, and tetracycline antimicrobials. In addition, Bdellovibrio powder exhibited a significant antibacterial effect against the pathogenic S. putrefaciens, and conferred significant protection to challenged Chinese mitten crabs with relative percentage survivals of 80.00% to 93.33% via significant improvement in their immune response and antioxidant capability. The findings of this study provide valuable insights into the phenotypic characterization and biological control of pathogenic S. putrefaciens in Chinese mitten crabs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Liu
- National Pathogen Collection Center for Aquatic Animals, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fishery Germplasm Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of PR China, Shanghai 201306, PR China
| | - Chenhao Teng
- National Pathogen Collection Center for Aquatic Animals, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fishery Germplasm Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of PR China, Shanghai 201306, PR China
| | - Xurui Zheng
- National Pathogen Collection Center for Aquatic Animals, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fishery Germplasm Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of PR China, Shanghai 201306, PR China
| | - La Xu
- Marine Science Research Institute of Shandong Province (National Oceanographic Center), Qingdao Shandong 266104, PR China
| | - Haipeng Cao
- National Pathogen Collection Center for Aquatic Animals, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fishery Germplasm Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of PR China, Shanghai 201306, PR China
| | - Chunlei Gai
- Marine Science Research Institute of Shandong Province (National Oceanographic Center), Qingdao Shandong 266104, PR China
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Vijayaram S, Razafindralambo H, Ghafarifarsani H, Sun YZ, Hoseinifar SH, Van Doan H. Synergetic response on herbal and probiotic applications: a review. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2024; 50:1315-1329. [PMID: 38411877 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-024-01318-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Herbs and their by-products are important traditional medicines and food supplements; they provide numerous beneficial effects for animals. Consequently, probiotics are living cell organisms, nontoxic, and friendly microbes. Probiotics have numerous beneficial activities such as inhibition of pathogens, enhancement of the immune system, growth, disease resistance, improving water quality, reducing toxic effects, synthesis of vitamins, prevention of cancer, reduction of irritable bowel syndrome, and more positive responses in animals. Herbal and probiotic combinations have more active responses and produce new substances to enhance beneficial responses in animals. Herbal and probiotic mixture report is still limited applications for animals. However, the mechanisms by which they interact with the immune system and gut microbiota in animals are largely unclear. This review provides some information on the effect of herbal and probiotic blend on animals. This review discusses current research advancements to fulfill research gaps and promote effective and healthy animal production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seerengaraj Vijayaram
- Xiamen Key Laboratory for Feed Quality Testing and Safety Evaluation, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Hary Razafindralambo
- ProBioLab, Campus Universitaire de La Faculté de Gembloux AgroBio Tech/Université de Liège, B5030, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Hamed Ghafarifarsani
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Natural Resources, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Yun-Zhang Sun
- Xiamen Key Laboratory for Feed Quality Testing and Safety Evaluation, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China.
| | - Seyed Hossein Hoseinifar
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Hien Van Doan
- Department of Animal and Aquatic Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.
- Functional Feed Innovation Center (FuncFeed), Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.
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Öz M, Inanan BE, Karasahin T, Dikel S. Effects of glutamine on growth performance, nutrient content, fatty acid profile, and blood parameters of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2024; 104:1213-1222. [PMID: 38263635 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.15666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
In this study, different amounts of glutamine were added to the diet of rainbow trout, and they were then fed for a period of 90 days. The current research investigated the effects of glutamine on various aspects of rainbow trout, including growth performance, condition factor, viscerosomatic index, hepatosomatic index, carcass composition, fatty acid profile, hematological parameters, and biochemical parameters. The study's findings revealed that adding glutamine to the diet of rainbow trout had a beneficial impact on their growth features. The rainbow trout group that was fed a 2% concentration of glutamine experienced the most notable increase in growth rate. A statistically significant difference in growth was observed among all groups (p < 0.05). Adding glutamine to the diet increased the amount of protein and decreased the fat content in the flesh of the fish. Glutamine exerted an influence on the blood and biochemistry parameters of fish, as well as their fatty acid composition. In conclusion, the inclusion of glutamine in the diet of fish could potentially enhance their immune system, improve the quality of their muscles, and enhance their growth performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Öz
- Department of Fisheries and Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Aksaray University, Aksaray, Turkey
| | - Burak Evren Inanan
- Department of Fisheries and Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Aksaray University, Aksaray, Turkey
| | - Tahir Karasahin
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Aksaray University, Aksaray, Turkey
| | - Suat Dikel
- Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries, Çukurova University, Adana, Turkey
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Wang Q, Sun D, Wang D, Ye B, Wang S, Zhou A, Dong Z, Zou J. Effect of dietary koumine on the immune and antioxidant status of carp (Cyprinus carpio) after Aeromonas hydrophila infection. Microb Pathog 2024; 186:106464. [PMID: 38043626 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2023.106464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Koumine (KM) has anxiolytic, anti-inflammatory and growth-promoting effects in pigs and sheep. Based on the growth-promoting and immunological effects of koumine, the present study was conducted on Cyprinus carpio (C. carpio) with four KM concentrations: 0 mg/kg, 0.2 mg/kg, 2 mg/kg, and 20 mg/kg for 10 weeks, followed by a 1-week Aeromonas hydrophila (A. hydrophila) infection experiment. The effect of KM on the immunity of A. hydrophila infected carp was analyzed by histopathology, biochemical assay, and qRT-PCR to assess the feasibility of KM in aquaculture. The results showed that the presence of KM alleviated pathogen damage to carp tissues. At 2 mg/kg and 20 mg/kg concentrations of KM successively and significantly elevated (p < 0.05) the SOD activities in the intestinal tract, hepatopancreas and kidney of carp. The expression levels of hepatopancreatic antioxidant genes Nrf2 and IGF-1 were significantly up-regulated in the same group (p < 0.05), while the expression levels of immune genes IL-8 and IL-10 were down-regulated. In summary, KM at concentrations of 2 mg/kg and 20 mg/kg could regulate the expression of antioxidant and immune genes in various tissues in an orderly and rapid manner, and significantly improve the antioxidant and immune abilities of carp, which is conducive to the improvement of the resilience of carp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiujie Wang
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Di Sun
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Dongjie Wang
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Bin Ye
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Shaodan Wang
- College of Marine Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Aiguo Zhou
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Zaijie Dong
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, 214081, China.
| | - Jixing Zou
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
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Elshafey AE, Khalafalla MM, Zaid AAA, Mohamed RA, Abdel-Rahim MM. Source diversity of Artemia enrichment boosts goldfish (Carassius auratus) performance, β-carotene content, pigmentation, immune-physiological and transcriptomic responses. Sci Rep 2023; 13:21801. [PMID: 38065998 PMCID: PMC10709595 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-48621-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to assess the impact of spirulina and/or canthaxanthin-enriched Artemia on the goldfish (Carassius auratus) growth, pigmentation, blood analysis, immunity, intestine and liver histomorphology, and expression of somatolactin (SL) and growth hormone (GH) genes. Artemia was enriched with spirulina and/or canthaxanthin for 24 h. Goldfish (N = 225, 1.10 ± 0.02 g) were tested in five experimental treatments, three replicates each: (T1) fish fed a commercial diet; (T2) fish fed a commercial diet and un-enriched Artemia (UEA); (T3) fish fed a commercial diet and spirulina-enriched Artemia (SEA); (T4) fish fed a commercial diet and canthaxanthin-enriched Artemia (CEA); and (T5) fish fed a commercial diet and spirulina and canthaxanthin-enriched Artemia (SCA) for 90 days. The results showed that the use of spirulina and/or canthaxanthin increased performance, β-carotene content and polyunsaturated fatty acids of Artemia. For goldfish, T5 showed the highest growth performance, β-carotene concentration and the lowest chromatic deformity. T5 also showed improved hematology profile, serum biochemical, and immunological parameters. Histomorphology of the intestine revealed an increase in villi length and goblet cells number in the anterior and middle intestine, with normal liver structure in T5. SL and GH gene expression in the liver and brain differed significantly among treatments with a significant increase in enriched Artemia treatments compared to T1 and T2. In conclusion, the use of spirulina and/or canthaxanthin improved performance of Artemia. Feeding goldfish spirulina and/or canthaxanthin-enriched Artemia improved performance, β-carotene content, pigmentation, health status and immune-physiological response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed E Elshafey
- Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Aquatic and Fisheries Sciences, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, 33516, Egypt
| | - Malik M Khalafalla
- Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Aquatic and Fisheries Sciences, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, 33516, Egypt
| | - Attia A Abou Zaid
- Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Aquatic and Fisheries Sciences, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, 33516, Egypt
| | - Radi A Mohamed
- Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Aquatic and Fisheries Sciences, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, 33516, Egypt.
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Singh J, Srivastava A, Nigam AK, Kumari U, Mittal S, Mittal AK. Alterations in certain immunological parameters in the skin mucus of the carp, Cirrhinus mrigala, infected with the bacteria, Edwardsiella tarda. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2023; 49:1303-1320. [PMID: 37870724 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-023-01258-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
The bacterial fish pathogen Edwardsiella tarda causes heavy stock mortality, severely hampering fish production, resulting in great economic loss to the farming industry. The first biological barriers that confer immune protection against pathogen entry are the fish mucosal surfaces. The present study was undertaken to investigate the influence of E. tarda on certain enzymatic and non-enzymatic parameters in the skin mucous secretions of the fish Cirrhinus mrigala using spectrophotometry and zymography. Fish were randomly divided into three groups: control, vehicle control, and infected. A sublethal dose of E. tarda (2.2 × 106 CFU/fish) suspended in 50 μL of PBS was injected intra-peritoneally at 0 day (d). Subsequently, mucus samples were collected at 2 d, 4 d, 6 d and 8 d post-infection. The activities of lysozyme (LYZ), protease (PROT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), acid phosphatase (ACP), catalase (CAT), peroxidase (PER), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione S-transferase (GST) decreased significantly in the skin mucus of the challenged fish, indicating the suppressed immune system and decreased antioxidant capacity of C. mrigala to E. tarda infection. Lipid peroxidation (LPO) and total nitrate-nitrite were significantly higher at several time points post-infection, suggesting that physiological functions have been impaired following pathogen challenge. The present findings could be relevant for fish aquaculture and underline the importance of skin mucus not only for assessing fish immune status but also for identifying early warning signals of disease caused by pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyoti Singh
- Department of Zoology, Skin Physiology Laboratory, Centre of Advanced Study, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, 221005, India
| | - Ayan Srivastava
- Department of Zoology, MSM Samta College (BR Ambedkar Bihar University), Jandaha, Vaishali, Bihar, 844505, India
| | - Ashwini Kumar Nigam
- Udai Pratap Autonomous College, Bhojubir, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, 221002, India
| | - Usha Kumari
- Zoology Section, Mahila Mahavidyalaya, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, 221005, India
| | - Swati Mittal
- Department of Zoology, Skin Physiology Laboratory, Centre of Advanced Study, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, 221005, India.
| | - Ajay Kumar Mittal
- Department of Zoology, Banaras Hindu University, Present Address: 9, Mani Nagar, Near Asha Modern School, Kandawa road, Near Chitaipur, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, 221106, India
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Anirudhan A, Iryani MTM, Andriani Y, Sorgeloos P, Tan MP, Wong LL, Mok WJ, Ming W, Yantao L, Lau CC, Sung YY. The effects of Pandanus tectorius leaf extract on the resistance of White-leg shrimp Penaeus vannamei towards pathogenic Vibrio parahaemolyticus. FISH AND SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY REPORTS 2023; 4:100101. [PMID: 37397801 PMCID: PMC10313901 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsirep.2023.100101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Pandanus tectorius leaf extract effect on the White-leg shrimp Penaeus vannamei tolerance against Vibrio parahaemolyticus were investigated in this study. Thirty shrimp post-larvae measured at approximately 1 cm were exposed for 24 h to 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 g/L leaf extract and subsequently observed for survival and immune-related genes expression (Hsp70, ProPO, peroxinectin, penaeidin, crustin and transglutaminase), followed by determination of their tolerance and histological tissue profiles upon Vibrio challenge. Survival of shrimps treated with 6 g/L of leaf extract improved by up to 95% to controls. Hsp70, crustin, and prophenoloxidase mRNA levels were observed to be 8.5, 10.4, and 1.5-fold higher, respectively. Histopathological analysis of the hepatopancreas and the muscle tissues revealed major tissue degeneration in Vibrio-challenged shrimps but not in shrimps primed with P. tectorius leaf extract. Of all the dose examined, the best pathogen resistance results were obtained with a 24 h incubation of shrimp in 6 g/L P. tectorius methanolic leaf extract. The tolerance towards V. parahaemolyticus might be associated with the increased regulation of Hsp70, prophenoloxidase and crustin upon exposure to the extract, all immune-related proteins essential for pathogen elimination in Penaeid shrimp. The present study primarily demonstrated that P. tectorius leaf extract is a viable alternative for enhancing P. vannamei post-larvae resistance against V. parahaemolyticus, a major bacterial pathogen in aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anupa Anirudhan
- Institute of Marine Biotechnology, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu 21030, Malaysia
| | - Mat Taib Mimi Iryani
- Institute of Marine Biotechnology, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu 21030, Malaysia
- Faculty of Fisheries and Food Science, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu 21030, Malaysia
| | - Yosie Andriani
- Institute of Marine Biotechnology, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu 21030, Malaysia
| | - Patrick Sorgeloos
- Institute of Marine Biotechnology, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu 21030, Malaysia
- Laboratory of Aquaculture and Artemia Reference Center, Department of Animal Sciences and Aquatic Ecology, Campus Coupure - Blok F, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, Gent B-9000, Belgium
| | - Min Pau Tan
- Institute of Marine Biotechnology, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu 21030, Malaysia
| | - Li Lian Wong
- Institute of Marine Biotechnology, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu 21030, Malaysia
- UMT-OUC Joint Academic Center for Marine Studies, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu 21030, Malaysia
| | - Wen Jye Mok
- Institute of Marine Biotechnology, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu 21030, Malaysia
- UMT-OUC Joint Academic Center for Marine Studies, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu 21030, Malaysia
| | - Wang Ming
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Institute of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
- UMT-OUC Joint Academic Center for Marine Studies, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu 21030, Malaysia
| | - Liang Yantao
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Institute of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
- UMT-OUC Joint Academic Center for Marine Studies, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu 21030, Malaysia
| | - Cher Chien Lau
- Institute of Marine Biotechnology, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu 21030, Malaysia
| | - Yeong Yik Sung
- Institute of Marine Biotechnology, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu 21030, Malaysia
- Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu 21030, Malaysia
- UMT-OUC Joint Academic Center for Marine Studies, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu 21030, Malaysia
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Trivedi SP, Dwivedi S, Singh S, Khan AA, Kumar M, Shukla A, Dwivedi S, Kumar V, Yadav KK, Tiwari V. Evaluation of immunostimulatory attributes of Asparagus racemosus and Withania somnifera supplemented diets in fish, Channa punctatus (Bloch, 1793). Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2023; 258:110561. [PMID: 36801726 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2023.110561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
With the progression of aquaculture industry, there has been a spurt in dietary supplementation with economically viable medicinal herbs having enough immunostimulatory potential. This also aids in avoidance of environmentally undesirable therapeutics that are almost inevitable to safeguard fish against an array of diseases in aquaculture practices. The study aims to determine the optimal dose of herbs that can stimulate substantial immune response in fish for reclamation of aquaculture. Immunostimulatory potential of the two medicinal herbs- Asparagus racemosus (Shatavari), Withania somnifera (Ashwagandha), individually, and in combination, with a basal diet was screened up to 60 days in Channa punctatus. 300 laboratory acclimatized healthy fish (14 ± 1 g; 11 ± 1 cm) were divided into ten groups- C, S1, S2, S3, A1, A2, A3, AS1, AS2, and AS3, based on the composition of dietary supplementation, in triplicates, with 10 specimens per group. The hematological index, total protein and lysozyme enzyme activity were performed after 30 and 60 days, while qRT-PCR analysis of lysozyme expression was done after 60 days of the feeding trial. The significant (P < 0.05) increments in hematological indices- (TEC, TLC, DLC, Hb, Hct, MCV, MCH and MCHC), total protein content and serum lysozyme activity, after 30 and 60 days; whereas upregulation of lysozyme transcript levels, both in liver and muscle tissues after 60 days of the feeding trial were recorded in groups- AS1, AS2, and AS3. The maximal increment in lysozyme expression was recorded in AS3, both in liver and muscle tissues, with 3.75 ± 0.13 and 3.21 ± 0.18-folds, respectively. However, increments were non-significant (P > 0.05) for MCV in AS2 and AS3 after 30 days; and for MCHC in AS1 for both the durations; whereas in AS2 and AS3, after 60 days of the feeding trial. A positive correlation (P < 0.05) among lysozyme expression, MCH, lymphocytes, neutrophils, total protein content, and serum lysozyme activity in AS3, after 60 days, conclusively, evinces that a 3% dietary supplementation with both A. racemosus and W. somnifera enhances immunity and health profile of the fish, C. punctatus. The study, thus finds ample scope in augmentation of aquaculture production and also paves the way for more researches for biological screenings of potential immunostimulatory medicinal herbs that can be appropriately incorporated in the fish diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil P Trivedi
- Centre of Excellence in Fish Nutrigenomics, Department of Zoology, University of Lucknow, Lucknow 226007, India.
| | - Shikha Dwivedi
- Environmental Toxicology & Bioremediation Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Lucknow, Lucknow 226007, India
| | - Shefalee Singh
- Environmental Toxicology & Bioremediation Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Lucknow, Lucknow 226007, India.
| | - Adeel Ahmad Khan
- Environmental Toxicology & Bioremediation Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Lucknow, Lucknow 226007, India.
| | - Manoj Kumar
- Environmental Toxicology & Bioremediation Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Lucknow, Lucknow 226007, India.
| | - Anubha Shukla
- Environmental Toxicology & Bioremediation Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Lucknow, Lucknow 226007, India.
| | - Shraddha Dwivedi
- Department of Zoology, Government Degree College, Haripur Nihastha, Raebareli 229208, India.
| | - Vivek Kumar
- Department of Zoology, Isabella Thoburn PG College, Lucknow 226007, India.
| | - Kamlesh K Yadav
- Department of Zoology, Government Degree College, Bakkha Kheda, Unnao 209801, India.
| | - Vidyanand Tiwari
- Institute of Food Processing and Technology, University of Lucknow, Lucknow 226007, India.
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Srivastava A, Kumari U, Mittal S, Mittal AK. Immunoprotective role of aloin and disease resistance in Labeo rohita, infected with bacterial fish pathogen, Aeromonas hydrophila. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:30062-30072. [PMID: 36427124 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-24253-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The effect of aloin on mucosal immune response and disease resistance was elucidated in Labeo rohita infected with the bacterial fish pathogen, Aeromonas hydrophila. Fishes were divided into four groups: (i) control, (ii) vehicle control, (iii) bacteria infected and (iv) bacteria infected and aloin treated. Fish were intraperitoneally injected with A. hydrophila suspension at the dose of 2 × 106 CFU/fish at 0 day (d). Following bacterial injection at 0 d, fish were treated with aloin at a dose of 1 mg/kg body weight intraperitoneally at an interval of 24 h for 4 consecutive days. Mucus collected from fish of each group was analyzed at 2 d, 4 d, 6 d, 8 d and 10 d. In bacteria-infected fish, a significant decrease (P < 0.05) in the activity of certain enzymatic and non-enzymatic immune parameters was observed. The activity of these immune parameters showed a gradual recovery on administration of aloin in bacteria-infected fish. Cumulative mortality was also found to be low in the aloin-treated group as compared to that in the infected group. Thus, aloin could act as an immunostimulant and play a protective role against disease caused by bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayan Srivastava
- Department of Zoology, MSM Samta College (BR Ambedkar Bihar University), Jandaha Road, Vaishali, 844505, Bihar, India
| | - Usha Kumari
- Zoology Section, Mahila Mahavidyalaya, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Swati Mittal
- Skin Physiology Laboratory, Centre of Advanced Study, Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Ajay Kumar Mittal
- Department of Zoology, Banaras Hindu University, 9, Mani Nagar, Kandawa, Near Chitaipur Crossing, Varanasi, 221106, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Salem MOA, Taştan Y, Bilen S, Terzi E, Sönmez AY. Effects of white mustard (Sinapis alba) oil on growth performance, immune response, blood parameters, digestive and antioxidant enzyme activities in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchusmykiss). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 131:283-299. [PMID: 36210002 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
A study was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary supplementation of white mustard (Sinapis alba) oil (WMO) on growth performance, immune responses, digestive and antioxidant enzyme activities in juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). For this purpose, fish (initial weight: 25.77 ± 0.13 g) were divided into four experimental groups in triplicate and fed ad libitum twice a day with diets containing WMO at 0 (control), 0.5, 1, and 1.5% of diet for 9 weeks. Three fish from each tank (n:9 per treatment) were sampled on 21st, 42nd, and 63rd days for further analyses. At the end of the feeding period, fish were challenged with Aeromonas hydrophila and Yersinia ruckeri in two separate experimental setups. Results showed that final weight, weight gain, and specific growth rate were significantly increased in all experimental groups compared to the control. Feed conversion ratio was similar among treatments. Respiratory burst and potential killing activity decreased in all experimental groups compared to the control (P < 0.05). Lysozyme and myeloperoxidase activities were elevated in all experimental groups at the end of the experiment compared to the control (P < 0.05). Cytokine gene expressions in the head kidney and intestine were elevated in all experimental groups compared to that of the control in general (P < 0.05). Hematological responses of the experimental fish groups were similar to that of the control (P > 0.05). Pepsin and trypsin levels decreased in all experimental groups (P < 0.05). In terms of antioxidant enzyme activities, significant improvement in liver superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione s-transferase activities in all treatment groups were determined (P < 0.05). In addition, a significant decline in liver lipid peroxidation levels was recorded in all treated groups at all sampling times compared to the control (P < 0.05). At the end of this feeding trial, no significant differences (P > 0.05) were observed in survival against A. hydrophila among experimental groups compared to the control (P > 0.05). However, increased survival against Y. ruckeri was determined in experimental fish groups (P < 0.05). This study suggests that white mustard oil had a favorable effect on the overall health and growth of rainbow trout.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Omar Abdalla Salem
- Kastamonu University Institute of Science, Department of Aquaculture, Kastamonu, Turkey; Bani Waleed University, Faculty of Education, Department of Biology, Bani Walid, Libya
| | - Yiğit Taştan
- Kastamonu University, Faculty of Fisheries, Department of Aquaculture, Kastamonu, Turkey
| | - Soner Bilen
- Kastamonu University, Faculty of Fisheries, Department of Basic Sciences, Kastamonu, Turkey
| | - Ertugrul Terzi
- Kastamonu University, Faculty of Fisheries, Department of Aquaculture, Kastamonu, Turkey
| | - Adem Yavuz Sönmez
- Kastamonu University, Faculty of Fisheries, Department of Basic Sciences, Kastamonu, Turkey.
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Abdul Kari Z, Wee W, Mohamad Sukri SA, Che Harun H, Hanif Reduan MF, Irwan Khoo M, Van Doan H, Wen Goh K, Seong Wei L. Role of phytobiotics in relieving the impacts of Aeromonas hydrophila infection on aquatic animals: A mini-review. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:1023784. [PMID: 36277060 PMCID: PMC9582345 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.1023784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Aeromonas hydrophila is a ubiquitous bacterium with various hosts that causes mass mortality in farm-raised fish species and significant economic losses. The current antibiotic treatment is ineffective in controlling this bacterium infection in aquaculture species. Therefore, an evaluation of potential phytobiotics is needed to find an alternative antimicrobial agent to reduce the over-reliance on antibiotics in aquaculture and safeguard public and environmental health. Furthermore, the rise in antibiotic resistance cases among pathogenic bacteria indicates an urgent need for new fish and shellfish health management solutions. In this context, phytobiotics applications in aquaculture can be defined as any medicinal plant-based antimicrobial agent used in fish and shellfish health management. This review will focus on the impacts of Motile Aeromonas Septicemia (MAS) due to A. hydrophila in aquaculture, the potential of phytobiotics in enhancing the tolerance of aquaculture species against MAS and the combination of phytobiotics with other antimicrobial and therapeutic agents against MAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zulhisyam Abdul Kari
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Faculty of Agro-Based Industry, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Jeli, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Wendy Wee
- Center of Fundamental and Continuing Education, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Suniza Anis Mohamad Sukri
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Faculty of Agro-Based Industry, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Jeli, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Hasnita Che Harun
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Faculty of Agro-Based Industry, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Jeli, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Farhan Hanif Reduan
- Department of Paraclinical Study, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Martina Irwan Khoo
- Department of Chemical Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Hien Van Doan
- Department of Animal and Aquatic Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Science and Technology Research Institute, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Khang Wen Goh
- Faculty of Data Science and Information Technology, INTI International University, Nilai, Malaysia
| | - Lee Seong Wei
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Faculty of Agro-Based Industry, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Jeli, Kelantan, Malaysia
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Dietary effect of grape seed proanthocyanidin extract on growth performance, serum biochemical parameters, skin mucosal immune response, and antioxidant capacity in goldfish ( Carassius auratus). ANNALS OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.2478/aoas-2022-0059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
A trial was conducted to evaluate the effect of dietary grape seed proanthocyanidin extract (GSPE) on gold fish, Carassius auratus. In this regard, GSPE was added to a basal diet at four levels including 0, 200, 400, and 600 mg/kg to produce four experimental diets including control, GSPE200, GSPE400, and GSPE600. Three hundred and sixty goldfish (3.75 ± 0.1 g) were stocked in twelve 100 L rectangular tanks (30 fish per tank) and fed with the experimental diets three times a day for nine weeks. During the experimental trial, water temperature was 26.7–28.5ºC. The weight gain and specific growth rate in the fish fed with GSPE supplemented diets were higher than the control, meanwhile feed conversion ratio value in these groups decreased compared to the control. Fish fed GSPE-supplemented diets had lower fillet lipid (10-19%), but higher protein levels (7–15%) compared to the control. The levels of serum triglyceride, alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase in the fish fed GSPE-supplemented diets were decreased compared to the control group. The highest and lowest levels of serum glucose, and ALP were in the fish fed with control and GSPE600 diets, respectively. The skin mucusal lysozyme activity (24–38%) and protein level (70–96%) were higher in fish fed GSPE-supplemented diets than the control. The highest, and lowest liver antioxidant enzymes including superoxide dismutase, catalase, and gluthatione peroxidase were observed in in GSPE 600, and control groups, respectively. The findings of the present study indicated that supplementing 400 mg/kg GSPE in diet can improve growth and health condition in goldfish.
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Kari ZA, Wee W, Hamid NKA, Mat K, Rusli ND, Khalid HNM, Sukri SAM, Harun HC, Dawood MAO, Hakim AH, Khoo MI, Abd El-Razek IM, Goh KW, Wei LS. Recent Advances of Phytobiotic Utilization in Carp Farming: A Review. AQUACULTURE NUTRITION 2022; 2022:1-10. [DOI: 10.1155/2022/7626675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Carp farming is a popular aquaculture activity that provides affordable protein sources and job opportunities to many people worldwide. As carp farming intensifies, farmers face major issues such as rising feed costs and excessive antibiotic usage. Thus, there is an urgent need to explore alternative resources to ensure the sustainability of the carp farming industry. One of the most promising resources is phytobiotics that possess various properties beneficial for carp production. Furthermore, most phytobiotics are derived from agricultural waste that is abundant and cheap, but some phytobiotics are produced commercially and available in the market. The main topics of this review are highlighted sources, characteristics of phytobiotics, and the usefulness of phytobiotics in improving growth performance, feed utilization efficiency, antioxidant activity, and health of carps against diseases. Furthermore, in this review, recent methods of administration of phytobiotics such as through feeding, bathing, and intraperitoneal injection in carp farming are also discussed and summarised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zulhisyam Abdul Kari
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Faculty of Agro-Based Industry, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Jeli Campus, 17600 Jeli, Kelantan, Malaysia
- Advanced Livestock and Aquaculture Research Group, Faculty of Agro-Based Industry, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Jeli Campus, 17600 Jeli, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Wendy Wee
- Center of Fundamental and Continuing Education, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | | | - Khairiyah Mat
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Faculty of Agro-Based Industry, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Jeli Campus, 17600 Jeli, Kelantan, Malaysia
- Advanced Livestock and Aquaculture Research Group, Faculty of Agro-Based Industry, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Jeli Campus, 17600 Jeli, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Nor Dini Rusli
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Faculty of Agro-Based Industry, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Jeli Campus, 17600 Jeli, Kelantan, Malaysia
- Advanced Livestock and Aquaculture Research Group, Faculty of Agro-Based Industry, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Jeli Campus, 17600 Jeli, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Hazreen Nita Mohd Khalid
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Faculty of Agro-Based Industry, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Jeli Campus, 17600 Jeli, Kelantan, Malaysia
- Advanced Livestock and Aquaculture Research Group, Faculty of Agro-Based Industry, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Jeli Campus, 17600 Jeli, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Suniza Anis Mohamad Sukri
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Faculty of Agro-Based Industry, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Jeli Campus, 17600 Jeli, Kelantan, Malaysia
- Advanced Livestock and Aquaculture Research Group, Faculty of Agro-Based Industry, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Jeli Campus, 17600 Jeli, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Hasnita Che Harun
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Faculty of Agro-Based Industry, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Jeli Campus, 17600 Jeli, Kelantan, Malaysia
- Advanced Livestock and Aquaculture Research Group, Faculty of Agro-Based Industry, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Jeli Campus, 17600 Jeli, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Mahmoud A. O. Dawood
- Animal Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh 33516, Egypt
- The Center for Applied Research on the Environment and Sustainability, The American University in Cairo, 11835 Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ali Hanafiah Hakim
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Faculty of Agro-Based Industry, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Jeli Campus, 17600 Jeli, Kelantan, Malaysia
- Advanced Livestock and Aquaculture Research Group, Faculty of Agro-Based Industry, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Jeli Campus, 17600 Jeli, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Martina Irwan Khoo
- Department of Chemical Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Ibrahim M. Abd El-Razek
- Animal Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh 33516, Egypt
| | - Khang Wen Goh
- Faculty of Data Science and Information Technology, INTI International University, 71800 Nilai, Malaysia
| | - Lee Seong Wei
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Faculty of Agro-Based Industry, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Jeli Campus, 17600 Jeli, Kelantan, Malaysia
- Advanced Livestock and Aquaculture Research Group, Faculty of Agro-Based Industry, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Jeli Campus, 17600 Jeli, Kelantan, Malaysia
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Mohammady EY, Soaudy MR, Mohamed AE, EL-Erian MMA, Farag A, Badr AM, Bassuony NI, Ragaza JA, El-Haroun ER, Hassaan MS. Can dietary phytogenic mixture improve performance for growth, digestive enzyme activity, blood parameters, and antioxidant and related gene expressions of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus? Anim Feed Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2022.115369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
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15
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Rashmeei M, Hosseini Shekarabi SP, Mehrgan MS, Paknejad H. Assessment of dietary chaste tree (Vitex agnus-castus) fruit extract on growth performance, hemato-biochemical parameters, and mRNA levels of growth and appetite-related genes in goldfish (Carassius auratus). AQUACULTURE AND FISHERIES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aaf.2021.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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16
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Mondal H, Chandrasekaran N, Mukherjee A, Thomas J. Viral infections in cultured fish and shrimps: current status and treatment methods. AQUACULTURE INTERNATIONAL 2022; 30:227-262. [DOI: 10.1007/s10499-021-00795-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
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17
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Wangkahart E, Wachiraamonloed S, Lee PT, Subramani PA, Qi Z, Wang B. Impacts of Aegle marmelos fruit extract as a medicinal herb on growth performance, antioxidant and immune responses, digestive enzymes, and disease resistance against Streptococcus agalactiae in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 120:402-410. [PMID: 34843944 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2021.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
An experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of Aegle marmelos fruit (AMF) extract on the growth performance, biochemical parameters, immune response, antioxidative capacity, and digestive enzyme activity of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Fish were fed a diet supplemented with AMF at concentrations of 0 (AMF0; control), 5 (AMF5), 10 (AMF10), 15 (AMF15), or 20 (AMF20) g/kg for 8 weeks. The results show that the final body weight, weight gain, specific growth rate, average daily gain, and feed conversion ratio were significantly higher in fish fed AMF15 and AMF20 compared to those fed the control diet (P < 0.05). Moreover, significant increases in antioxidant enzyme activities and non-specific immune responses were observed in groups fed AMF15 and AMF20. Interestingly, the level of cholesterol decreased with increasing AMF concentrations in the diet. As dietary AMF levels increased, digestive enzyme activities significantly improved. After the feeding trial, fish were injected intraperitoneally with Streptococcus agalactiae, and the 14-day cumulative mortality was calculated. A high survival rate after challenge with S. agalactiae was observed in all groups that received AMF-supplemented feed. Therefore, the present study suggests that supplementing the diet of Nile tilapia with AMF at a concentration of 20 g/kg could encourage their growth, improve their immunity and antioxidant status, and provide strong protection against S. agalactiae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eakapol Wangkahart
- Laboratory of Fish Immunology and Nutrigenomics, Applied Animal and Aquatic Sciences Research Unit, Division of Fisheries, Faculty of Technology, Mahasarakham University, Khamriang Sub-District, Kantarawichai, Mahasarakham, 44150, Thailand.
| | - Suriyet Wachiraamonloed
- Laboratory of Fish Immunology and Nutrigenomics, Applied Animal and Aquatic Sciences Research Unit, Division of Fisheries, Faculty of Technology, Mahasarakham University, Khamriang Sub-District, Kantarawichai, Mahasarakham, 44150, Thailand
| | - Po-Tsang Lee
- Department of Aquaculture, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung City, 20224, Taiwan
| | | | - Zhitao Qi
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Biotechnology of Marine Wetland, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng, Jiangsu Province, 224051, China
| | - Bei Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology and Epidemiology for Aquatic Economic Animal, Key Laboratory of Control for Disease of Aquatic Animals of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, College of Fishery, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, PR China
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18
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Esmaeili M. Blood Performance: A New Formula for Fish Growth and Health. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10121236. [PMID: 34943151 PMCID: PMC8698978 DOI: 10.3390/biology10121236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary The use of haematological and blood biochemistry parameters has proven to be effective and repeatable ways to monitor fish health. Testing these parameters is becoming more common in aquaculture studies. Further, it is widely accepted that fish with better health status are more likely to grow faster as less energy should be consumed for non-growth purposes. Here, a new formula (Blood Performance) is introduced, which contains five common haematological and blood biochemistry parameters: red blood cells, white blood cells, haemoglobin, haematocrit, and total protein. The idea behind this formula is that any single component of this formula cannot be reliable enough as a biomarker of fish health and growth. However, interestingly, Blood Performance can be much more reliable and accurate for monitoring fish health and growth. Abstract Monitoring fish health in a repeatable and accurate manner can contribute to the profitability and sustainability of aquaculture. Haematological and blood biochemistry parameters have been powerful tools and becoming increasingly common in aquaculture studies. Fish growth is closely related to its health status. A fish with a higher growth rate is more likely to be a healthy one. Any change in the physiological status of the fish, from pollution to nutritional stress, can cause changes in the blood parameters. Various aquaculture studies have measured the following components: red blood cells, white blood cells, haemoglobin, haematocrit, and total protein. However, because these parameters do not always follow the same trend across experimental fish, it is difficult to draw a firm conclusion about which parameter should be considered. Therefore, Blood Performance (BP) as a new formula is introduced, which is a more reliable indicator. This formula is simple and sums up the natural logarithm of the five above-mentioned parameters. More than 90 published peer-reviewed articles that measured these five parameters in the last six years confirmed the reliability and validity of this formula. Regardless of which supplements were added to the diets, the fish with a higher growth rate had higher BP as well. In addition, in 44 studies out of 53 articles, there was a significant positive correlation between specific growth rate and BP. Under different stressful situations, from pollution to thermal stress, the fish under stress had a lower BP than the control. Fish meal and fish oil replacement studies were further evidence for this formula and showed that adding excessive alternative proteins decreased growth along with BP. In conclusion, BP can be a reliable indicator of fish health and growth when it is compared between groups in the same experiment or farm. Although there was a positive correlation between specific growth rate and BP, comparing BP between experiments is not recommended. Standardising the haematological assays can improve the reliability and accuracy of BP across experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moha Esmaeili
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart Private Bag 49, 15-21 Nubeena Cres, Taroona, TAS 7053, Australia
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Adeli A, Shamloofar M, Akrami R. Dietary effect of Lemon Verbena (Aloysia triphylla) extract on growth performance, some haematological, biochemical, and non-specific immunity and stocking density challenge of rainbow trout juveniles (Oncorhynchus mykiss). JOURNAL OF APPLIED ANIMAL RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/09712119.2021.1990069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Adeli
- Department of Fisheries, Azadshahr Branch, Islamic Azad University, Azadshahr, Iran
| | - Mahshid Shamloofar
- Department of Fisheries, Azadshahr Branch, Islamic Azad University, Azadshahr, Iran
| | - Reza Akrami
- Department of Fisheries, Azadshahr Branch, Islamic Azad University, Azadshahr, Iran
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20
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Medicinal Plant Feed Additives Enhanced Survivability and Growth Performance of Clarias gariepinus (African Catfish) against Bacterial Infection. MICROBIOLOGY RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/microbiolres12040054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The growth performance and survivability enhancement potential of some medicinal plant feed additives for combatting Pseudomonad infections in Clarias gariepinus were evaluated. Three medicinal plants (5 g/kg Allium sativum, 10 g/kg Chromolaena odorata and 10 g/kg Talinum triangulare) were incorporated separately into a basic diet. Juvenile Clarias gariepinus (n = 150, 53.05 ± 0.23 g), randomised into four groups, were fed for 42 days. The control group was fed with a non-supplemented diet. Growth parameters were determined and thereafter ten fish from each group, randomly selected, were inoculated intraperitoneally with pathogenic Pseudomonas aeruginosa (0.2 mL culture containing 1.4 × 106 cfu/mL). Their survivability was observed for 7 days based on mortality rate and relative level of protection (RLP). Mean weight gains were higher in all treated groups and significantly higher (p < 0.05) in the group of fish fed with 5 g/kg Allium sativum diet compared with the control. The lowest mortality rate (20%) and highest RLP (75) was recorded in the group fed with10 g/kg Chromolaena odorata. The results suggest that medicinal plant feed additives enhanced growth and survival of the cultured Clarias gariepinus. The study recommends 5 g/kg Allium sativum and 10 g/kg Chromolaena odorata diet supplementations as an effective growth promoter and anti-Pseudomonas aeruginosa agent, respectively, for Clarias gariepinus production.
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21
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Yousefi M, Ghafarifarsani H, Hoseinifar SH, Rashidian G, Van Doan H. Effects of dietary marjoram, Origanum majorana extract on growth performance, hematological, antioxidant, humoral and mucosal immune responses, and resistance of common carp, Cyprinus carpio against Aeromonas hydrophila. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 108:127-133. [PMID: 33253908 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the potential effects of dietary marjoram extract on growth performance, health, and disease resistance in common carp, Cyprinus carpio. To this purpose, the fish were assigned into four treatments and fed by diets supplemented with 0 (control), 100, 200, and 400 mg marjoram extract kg-1 over eight weeks and then challenged with Aeromonas hydrophila. According to the results, 200 mg kg-1 dietary marjoram extract inclusion showed the highest final weight, weight gain, and specific growth rate, and lowest feed conversion ratio (FCR). White blood cell number, Red blood cells, hematocrit, hemoglobin, mean corpuscular volume and mean corpuscular hemoglobin were markedly increased particularly at 200 mg kg-1 treatment. Marjoram extract significantly increased plasma superoxide dismutase activity and decreased malondialdehyde level compared to the control treatment. Plasma complement and lysozyme activities and total immunoglobulin levels, mucosal complement, lysozyme and alkaline phosphatase activities and immunoglobulin levels were significantly increased compared to the control group. The lowest post-challenge survival rate was observed in the control treatment, whereas the highest value was related to the 200 mg kg-1 marjoram treatment. In conclusion, the present study demonstrated that, marjoram extract is a suitable feed supplements for common carp, as it stimulates the fish growth, antioxidant, and immune systems, which suppress the fish mortality during Aeromonas septicemia. According to the results, 200 mg marjoram extract kg-1 is recommended for carp feed formulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morteza Yousefi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 6 Miklukho-Maklaya St, Moscow, 117198, Russian Federation
| | - Hamed Ghafarifarsani
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Seyed Hossein Hoseinifar
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Ghasem Rashidian
- Aquaculture Department, Faculty of Marine Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Noor, Iran
| | - Hien Van Doan
- Department of Animal and Aquatic Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand; Science and Technology Research Institute, Chiang Mai University, 239 Huay Keaw Rd., Suthep, Muang, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.
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22
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Rashmeei M, Hosseini Shekarabi SP, Shamsaie Mehrgan M, Paknejad H. Stimulatory effect of dietary chasteberry (Vitex agnus-castus) extract on immunity, some immune-related gene expression, and resistance against Aeromonas hydrophila infection in goldfish (Carassius auratus). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 107:129-136. [PMID: 33002603 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.09.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Chasteberry is highly recommended as an herbal medicine across the globe for treating of many gynaecological disorders. In this study, chasteberry extract (CBE) was supplemented in goldfish diet to evaluate the immunity responses at the cellular and molecular levels. Moreover, after the feeding trial, the fish were challenged with Aeromonas hydrophila. The fish (300 individuals, 2.4 ± 0.12 g initial weight) were randomly distributed in 12 tanks and were fed with 0 (control), 5, 10, and 15 g CBE per kg of feed for 8 weeks. Based on the results, lysozyme activity, alkaline phosphatase, and total immunoglobulin (Ig) in the skin mucus samples were significantly enhanced in the fish fed with 15 g/kg CBE (P < 0.05). Moreover, dietary CBE positively affected lysozyme activity, complement components, and IgM content of the serum samples compared to the control group. Also, the number of monocytes and lymphocytes were increased significantly with increasing CBE in the diet (P < 0.05). The highest mRNA levels of tumor necrosis factors (TNF-α, TNF-2α) and Lysozyme were observed in 15 g/kg CBE treatment. After the challenge test, the highest relative percentage survival value (60%) was observed in the fish fed with 15 g/kg CBE. We concluded that dietary CBE especially at 15 g/kg has an immunomodulatory effect in goldfish by stimulating the innate immunity and some inflammatory cytokines as well as disease resistance against A. hydrophila.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maedeh Rashmeei
- Department of Fisheries, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mehdi Shamsaie Mehrgan
- Department of Fisheries, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Hamed Paknejad
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
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Palanikani R, Chanthini KMP, Soranam R, Thanigaivel A, Karthi S, Senthil-Nathan S, Murugesan AG. Efficacy of Andrographis paniculata supplements induce a non-specific immune system against the pathogenicity of Aeromonas hydrophila infection in Indian major carp (Labeo rohita). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:23420-23436. [PMID: 31363972 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-05957-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Aeromonas hydrophila, an opportunistic fish pathogen, which causes several major diseases including skin ulcer and haemorrhagic septicemia, contributes considerably to the lethality in aquaculture. Chemical and antibiotic treatment employed against A. hydrophila for disease management are expensive and consequently prompted the advent of drug resistance among the pathogens. To overcome these draw backs, alternative aquatic disease control methods using conventional plant-based medicines are focussed. Our present study aimed to augment the fish non-specific immune system with the implementation of methanolic crude extracts of Andrographis paniculata to Labeo rohita, for evaluating their efficacy against A. hydrophila. Histology of major organs of A. hydrophila-infected fish such as the gills and liver displayed severe tissue damage. A. paniculata extracts exhibited the strong antibacterial activity against A. hydrophila even at lower concentrations (50 μl). The extracts also altered the haematological profile of treated infected fishes by increasing the levels of haemoglobin and total erythrocyte-leucocyte counts, along with the phagocytic index. The extracts also had a significant impact on modifying the anatomy and swimming pattern of infected fish, post treatment with the extracts. Also, A. paniculata treated infected fishes in all the plant extract administration methods, viz. injection, oral feeding and diffusion, and reduced the cumulative mortality rate to less than 30%. Even lower concentrations of A. paniculata extracts (50 μl) resulted in maximum relative percentage survival of treated fishes. Therefore, our findings suggest that A. paniculata was effective against A. hydrophila infection in aquaculture, thereby maintaining a healthy status of these fishes in aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radhakrishnan Palanikani
- Sri Paramakalyani Centre for Excellence in Environmental Sciences, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Alwarkurichi, Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu, 627 412, India
| | - Kanagaraj Muthu-Pandian Chanthini
- Sri Paramakalyani Centre for Excellence in Environmental Sciences, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Alwarkurichi, Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu, 627 412, India
| | - Ramaiah Soranam
- Sri Paramakalyani Centre for Excellence in Environmental Sciences, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Alwarkurichi, Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu, 627 412, India
| | - Annamalai Thanigaivel
- Sri Paramakalyani Centre for Excellence in Environmental Sciences, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Alwarkurichi, Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu, 627 412, India
| | - Sengodan Karthi
- Sri Paramakalyani Centre for Excellence in Environmental Sciences, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Alwarkurichi, Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu, 627 412, India
| | - Sengottayan Senthil-Nathan
- Sri Paramakalyani Centre for Excellence in Environmental Sciences, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Alwarkurichi, Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu, 627 412, India.
| | - Arunachalam Ganesan Murugesan
- Sri Paramakalyani Centre for Excellence in Environmental Sciences, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Alwarkurichi, Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu, 627 412, India
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Fantini LE, Rodrigues RA, Honorato CA, dos Reis Goes ES, Julien Ferraz AL, de Lara JAF, Hanson T, de Campos CM. Resting time before slaughter restores homeostasis, increases rigor mortis time and fillet quality of surubim Pseudoplatystoma spp. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0233636. [PMID: 32442227 PMCID: PMC7244141 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0233636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
This study assesses the respiratory dynamics related to stress parameters and resting time before slaughter, in the quality of surubim (Pseudopatystoma spp.) fillets. A completely randomized design was conducted using five treatments: resting time before slaughter of 0, 2, 4, 8 and 24 hours, with 15 fish sampled per treatment. Time 0 corresponded to the treatment without resting time, where the fish were slaughtered immediately after arriving at the processing plant. The resting time did not affect the electrolyte balance, hemoglobin, plasma, hepatic glycogen, myofibrillar fragmentation index (MFI) and water holding capacity (WHC) of surubins. However, with increased resting time, there was a significant decrease in muscle glycogen and an increase in blood pH and blood bicarbonate levels. Additionally, respiratory parameters showed an increase in pO2 and, consequently, in O2 saturation and a decrease in pCO2.The hematocrit and MCV values of the surubins after 24 hours of resting decreased significantly. In the first hours of resting, the highest values of erythrocytes and CHCM were observed. The lowest level of stress was observed for fish having 24 hours of resting. Fish having longer resting periods (8 and 24 hours) presented fillets with a higher pH (P <0.05) and the rigor mortis establishment time was shorter for the first 2 hours and 24 hours of resting time. There was a linear decrease in fillet lightness and an increase in the intensity of red (CIE a*) color up to 24 hours when resting was increased. In CIE b*, a linear decrease (P <0.05) of the yellow intensity of the fillets was observed as the surubim resting time increased. A resting time of 4 to 8 hours before slaughter is effective in reestablishing homeostasis after transporting surubim, providing fillets with higher quality and a greater length of the pre-rigor mortis period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letícia Emiliani Fantini
- Animal Science Graduate Program, State University of Mato Grosso do Sul—UEMS, Aquidauana, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
- * E-mail:
| | - Robson Andrade Rodrigues
- Animal Science Graduate Program, State University of Mato Grosso do Sul—UEMS, Aquidauana, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
- Aquaculture Department, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis—UFSC, Florianopolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Claucia Aparecida Honorato
- Animal Science Graduate Program, Federal University of Grande Dourados—UFGD, Dourados, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Elenice Souza dos Reis Goes
- Animal Science Graduate Program, Federal University of Grande Dourados—UFGD, Dourados, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - André Luiz Julien Ferraz
- Animal Science Graduate Program, State University of Mato Grosso do Sul—UEMS, Aquidauana, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | | | - Terry Hanson
- School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Science, Auburn University (SFAAS-AU), Auburn, AL, United States of America
| | - Cristiane Meldau de Campos
- Animal Science Graduate Program, State University of Mato Grosso do Sul—UEMS, Aquidauana, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
- Animal Science Graduate Program, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul—UFMS, Campo Grande, Brazil
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25
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Hassaan MS, Mohammady EY, Soaudy MR, Palma J, Shawer EE, El-Haroun E. The effect of dietary sericite on growth performance, digestive enzymes activity, gut microbiota and haematological parameters of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus (L.) fingerlings. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2020.114400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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26
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Kesbiç OS, Acar Ü, Yilmaz S, Aydin ÖD. Effects of bergamot (Citrus bergamia) peel oil-supplemented diets on growth performance, haematology and serum biochemical parameters of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2020; 46:103-110. [PMID: 31482231 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-019-00700-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The present study investigated the effects of dietary Citrus bergamia peel oil (CBO) on growth performance, haematological and serum biochemical responses of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus. Volatile content of C. bergamia peel oil used in study was detected with GC/MS. The 99.47% of the analysed volatile components were identified in decreasing quantities as limonene, linalool and linalyl acetate. The experimental fish were divided into four groups stocked into triplicate tanks (20 fish/tank), and fed daily with an additive-free basal diet containing 0% (CBO0), 0.5% (CBO0.5), 1.0% (CBO1), 2.0% (CBO2) of bergamot peel oil for an 8-week period. Results showed that dietary bergamot peel oil especially at 0.5 g 100 g-1 significantly increased growth performance of fish (p < 0.05). The levels of haemoglobin and haematocrit significantly increased in fish fed with CBO0.5 and CBO1 compared with the CBO0-fed group (p < 0.05), despite no significant difference was observed in CBO2 group (p > 0.05). Highest haematocrit value was found in the CBO0.5 group compared with the control group. The serum glucose of the fish fed with CBO0.5 and CBO1 feeds decreased significantly compared with the control group (p < 0.05). The highest total protein, lowest cholesterol and triglyceride in serum were observed in fish fed with bergamot oil-supplemented groups. According to the results, it was revealed that 0.5% bergamot oil supplementation to Nile tilapia diets optimizes the growth performance, feed utilization and health status related with blood parameters of the fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osman Sabri Kesbiç
- Veterinary Faculty, Department of Microbiology, Kastamonu University, Kastamonu, Turkey
| | - Ümit Acar
- Bayramiç Vocational School, Department of Forestry, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale, Turkey.
| | - Sevdan Yilmaz
- Marine Science and Technology Faculty, Department of Aquaculture, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale, Turkey
| | - Özlem Durna Aydin
- Veterinary Faculty, Department of Animal Nutrition and Nutritional Diseases, Kafkas University, Kars, Turkey
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27
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Saha M, Bandyopadhyay PK. In vivo and in vitro antimicrobial activity of phytol, a diterpene molecule, isolated and characterized from Adhatoda vasica Nees. (Acanthaceae), to control severe bacterial disease of ornamental fish, Carassius auratus, caused by Bacillus licheniformis PKBMS 16. Microb Pathog 2020; 141:103977. [PMID: 31953226 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2020.103977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Bacillus licheniformis, a pathogenic new strain of bacteria is considered as the main cause of high mortalities and economic losses among the ornamental fish farms of India. The present study aimed to investigate the anti-bacterial and Immunostimulant activity of three selected Indian medicinal plants, Allium sativum, Adhatoda vasica and Centella asiatica for treating Bacillus licheniformis PKBMS16 by subsequent experimental and clinical trials using different organic polar and non-polar solvents. The antimicrobial and Immunostimulant activity of methanolic crude extracts of Adhatoda vasica was fractions and active constituents was further characterized by chromatography and mass spectroscopy studies using FTIR, 1HNMR and 13c NMR to identify as well as to determine the nature of the pure compound which is phytol (C20H40O), a diterpene alcohol with a molecular weight of m/z 297. In order to study the in vivo anti-pathogenic influence of the biologically active compounds, phytol were incorporated to the artificial diets at the concentration of 2, 5 and 8 mg/kg and fed to the1.0 × 105 CFU/ml of Bacillus licheniformis PKBMS16 injected experimentally challenged ornamental goldfish Carassius auratus for twenty days. Phytol treated group significantly (P < 0.01 and P < 0.05) reduced the rate of fish mortality. After the termination of survivability assay the estimation of hemato-biochemical parameters have been performed and revealed the significant recovery of health condition on 20th days post treatment. Therefore, the present study concluded that the low toxicity along with high bioactivity and tolerance by lower vertebrate supports the potential of phytol as a new compound for inducing fish immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mandira Saha
- Parasitology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, 741235, West Bengal, India
| | - P K Bandyopadhyay
- Parasitology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, 741235, West Bengal, India.
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28
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Reyes-Becerril M, Martínez-Preciado A, Guluarte C, Guerra K, Tovar-Ramirez D, Macias ME, Angulo C. Phytochemical composition and immunobiological activity of Hawthorn Crataegus mexicana nanoencapsulated in Longfin yellowtail Seriola rivoliana leukocytes. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 92:308-314. [PMID: 31200073 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The aims of this study were to determine the presence of phenolic compounds in Hawthorn Crataegus mexicana, species native to Mexico, nanoencapsulated (CmNano) with maltodextrin at 100 and 170 °C (CmNano100 and CmNano170) and its antioxidant and immunological effects in Longfin yellowtail Seriola rivoliana leukocytes. The phytochemical study revealed an important level of total phenolic (TPC), flavonoid (TFC) and tannin (CTC) contents in CmNano100, which correlated with a strong antioxidant capacity. CmNano100 or 170 were safe or not cytotoxic for head-kidney (HKL) and peripheral blood (PBL) leukocytes. The in vitro study demonstrated that CmNano increased the percentage of phagocytic cells, stimulated the production of reactive oxygen species, and modulated antioxidant ability by increasing superoxide dismutase activity in leukocytes with respect to the control group. In addition, CmNano100 also increased the transcription of proinflammatory cytokine IL-1β and down-regulated MyD88 and TNF-α mRNA transcription. These results suggest that maltodextrin nanoencapsulates protected and maintained the antioxidant properties of C. mexicana. In addition, they enhanced antioxidant and immunological parameters in Longfin yellowtail S. rivoliana leukocytes. Therefore, this study provides novel insights of CmNano for its potential application as functional food in aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha Reyes-Becerril
- Immunology & Vaccinology Group. Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste (CIBNOR), Instituto Politécnico Nacional 195, Playa Palo de Santa Rita Sur, La Paz B.C.S., 23090, Mexico
| | - Alma Martínez-Preciado
- Universidad de Guadalajara, University Center of Science and Engineering (CUCEI) Department of Chemical Engineering. 1421, Blvd. Marcelino Garcia Barragan, Guadalajara, 44430, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Crystal Guluarte
- Immunology & Vaccinology Group. Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste (CIBNOR), Instituto Politécnico Nacional 195, Playa Palo de Santa Rita Sur, La Paz B.C.S., 23090, Mexico
| | - Kevyn Guerra
- Immunology & Vaccinology Group. Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste (CIBNOR), Instituto Politécnico Nacional 195, Playa Palo de Santa Rita Sur, La Paz B.C.S., 23090, Mexico
| | - Dariel Tovar-Ramirez
- Immunology & Vaccinology Group. Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste (CIBNOR), Instituto Politécnico Nacional 195, Playa Palo de Santa Rita Sur, La Paz B.C.S., 23090, Mexico
| | - María Esther Macias
- Universidad de Guadalajara, University Center of Science and Engineering (CUCEI) Department of Chemical Engineering. 1421, Blvd. Marcelino Garcia Barragan, Guadalajara, 44430, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Carlos Angulo
- Immunology & Vaccinology Group. Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste (CIBNOR), Instituto Politécnico Nacional 195, Playa Palo de Santa Rita Sur, La Paz B.C.S., 23090, Mexico.
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29
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Deepika MS, Thangam R, Vijayakumar TS, Sasirekha R, Vimala RTV, Sivasubramanian S, Arun S, Babu MD, Thirumurugan R. Antibacterial synergy between rutin and florfenicol enhances therapeutic spectrum against drug resistant Aeromonas hydrophila. Microb Pathog 2019; 135:103612. [PMID: 31252064 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2019.103612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Revised: 06/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Emergence of antibiotic resistant bacteria has necessitated the drive to explore competent antimicrobial agents or to develop novel formulations to treat infections including Aeromonas hydrophila. The present study investigates the synergistic antibacterial effects of citrus flavonoid rutin and florfenicol (FF) against A. hydrophila in vitro and in vivo. Rutin is extracted and purified from Citrus sinensis peel through preparative HPLC and characterized through TLC, GC-MS and 1H and 13C NMR analyses. Though rutin did not display significant antibacterial activity, it modulated FF activity resulting in four-fold reduction in the MIC value for FF. The anti-biofilm potential of synergistic association of rutin and FF was validated by protein analysis, quantification of exopolysaccharide (EPS) and microscopy studies using sub-MIC doses. Besides antibacterial action, in vivo studies showed that Rutin/FF combination enhanced host immunity by improving blood cell count, anti-protease, and lysozyme activities as well as decreased the oxidative stress and the pathological changes of tilapia Oreochromis niloticus against A. hydrophila infection. No significant DNA damages or clastogenic effects were detected in tilapia challenged with A. hydrophila under Rutin/FF treatment. It is shown that an acute-phase Lipopolysaccharide binding protein (LBP) enhances the innate host defence against bacterial challenge. Semi quantitative RT-PCR and western blot results revealed the significant increase of LBP in the supernatant of tilapia monocytes/macrophages challenged with A. hydrophila upon treatment. The study findings substantiate that the combination of natural molecules with antibiotics may open up possibilities to treat MDR strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murugesan Sathiya Deepika
- Department of Animal Science, School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, 620 024, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ramar Thangam
- Centre for Academic and Research Excellence (CARE), CSIR-Central Leather Research Institute, Chennai, 600 020, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Tharumasivam Siva Vijayakumar
- P.G & Research Department of Biotechnology, Srimad Andavan Arts and Science College (Autonomous), Tiruchirappalli, 620 005, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Rajendran Sasirekha
- Department of Marine Science, School of Marine Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, 620 024, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - R T V Vimala
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, 620 024, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Sridhar Arun
- Department of Animal Science, School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, 620 024, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Manikandan Dinesh Babu
- Department of Animal Science, School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, 620 024, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ramasamy Thirumurugan
- Department of Animal Science, School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, 620 024, Tamil Nadu, India.
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30
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Devi G, Harikrishnan R, Paray BA, Al-Sadoon MK, Hoseinifar SH, Balasundaram C. Effects of aloe-emodin on innate immunity, antioxidant and immune cytokines mechanisms in the head kidney leucocytes of Labeo rohita against Aphanomyces invadans. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 87:669-678. [PMID: 30753918 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Revised: 02/03/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The effect of aloe-emodin incorporated diets on innate immune response, disease resistance, pro and/or anti-inflammatory cytokine gene transcription in Labeo rohita against Aphanomyces invadans is reported for the first time. In healthy and infected groups fed with 5 mg aloe-emodin enriched diet the white blood cell (WBC) count increased significantly (p > 0.05) after 6th week. In both groups fed with any enriched diet the biochemical parameters such as albumin, globulin, and albumin/globulin ratio did not vary significantly; however with 5 mg aloe-emodin diet the albumin and globulin levels increased significantly (p > 0.05) after 6th week. The serum phagocytic activity (PA), respiratory burst activity (RBA), serum complement C3 (CC3), and lysozyme activity (LA) did not increase with any diet between weeks 2 and 4, whereas with 5 mg aloe-emodin diet increased significantly in both groups after 6th week. The pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β, IL-8, TNF-α, and iNOS significantly modulated the expression in both groups on being fed with 5 mg aloe-emodin incorporation diet on 8th week. Healthy fish fed with any aloe-emodin diet did not suffer mortality. However, the infected fish fed with 1, 5, and 10 mg kg-1 aloe-emodin diets registered 5%, 10%, and 15% mortality. The present study indicates that healthy and infected L. rohita exhibited enhanced innate immune response, disease resistance, pro and/or anti-inflamatory cytokine gene transcription levels against A. invadans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gunapathy Devi
- Department of Zoology, Nehru Memorial College, Puthanampatti, 621 007, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ramasamy Harikrishnan
- Department of Zoology, Pachaiyappa's College for Men, Kanchipuram, 631 501, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Bilal Ahmad Paray
- Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, PO Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Mohammad K Al-Sadoon
- Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, PO Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Seyed Hossein Hoseinifar
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Chellam Balasundaram
- Department of Herbal and Environmental Science, Tamil University, Thanjavur, 613 005, Tamil Nadu, India
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31
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Abarike ED, Jian J, Tang J, Cai J, Yu H, Chen L. Traditional Chinese Medicine Enhances Growth, Immune Response, and Resistance to Streptococcus agalactiae in Nile Tilapia. JOURNAL OF AQUATIC ANIMAL HEALTH 2019; 31:46-55. [PMID: 30768873 DOI: 10.1002/aah.10049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Herbal supplements are suitable for improving fish health and combating diseases in fish culture. However, the mechanism of action of many herbal mixtures remains unclear. This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM; a mix of Astragalus membranaceus, Angelica sinensis, and Crataegus hupehensis at a ratio of 1:1:1 on a weight basis) on growth, immune response, and disease resistance in Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus. Experimental fish (mean ± SE weight = 57 ± 1 g) were divided into two groups: a control group and a TCM (10 g/kg) group. After 4 weeks of the experimental trial, a significant increase in weight gain and specific growth rate and a lower feed conversion ratio were observed in fish fed a TCM-supplemented diet compared with control fish. Similarly, the immune response of Nile Tilapia in the TCM group showed enhanced lysozyme, superoxide dismutase, catalase, and immunoglobulin levels compared with the control fish. In comparison with the control, fish fed TCM showed significant up-regulation of β-defensin, lysozyme, heat shock protein 70, superoxide dismutase, and catalase genes in the intestine and head-kidney tissues. After a Streptococcus agalactiae challenge, survival of Nile Tilapia in the TCM group was 70% compared with 35% in the control. These results indicate that the TCM mixture in this study can elevate the immune response and disease resistance of Nile Tilapia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Delwin Abarike
- College of Fishery, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology and Epidemiology for Aquatic Animals, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Control for Diseases of Aquatic Economic Animals, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
- Department of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources Management, University for Development Studies, Tamale-Ghana, China
| | - Jichang Jian
- College of Fishery, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology and Epidemiology for Aquatic Animals, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Control for Diseases of Aquatic Economic Animals, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
| | - Jufen Tang
- College of Fishery, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology and Epidemiology for Aquatic Animals, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Control for Diseases of Aquatic Economic Animals, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
| | - Jia Cai
- College of Fishery, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology and Epidemiology for Aquatic Animals, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Control for Diseases of Aquatic Economic Animals, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
| | - Huang Yu
- College of Fishery, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology and Epidemiology for Aquatic Animals, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Control for Diseases of Aquatic Economic Animals, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
| | - Lihua Chen
- Langye Animal Husbandry Company Limited, Gaozhou City, Guangdong Province, China
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32
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Abdel-Tawwab M, Adeshina I, Jenyo-Oni A, Ajani EK, Emikpe BO. Growth, physiological, antioxidants, and immune response of African catfish, Clarias gariepinus (B.), to dietary clove basil, Ocimum gratissimum, leaf extract and its susceptibility to Listeria monocytogenes infection. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 78:346-354. [PMID: 29704554 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.04.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Revised: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Clove basil, Ocimum gratissimum, is a native plant to Africa and grows virtually in tropical and subtropical regions. It has good aroma and its leaves have become used as a spicy and in traditional medicine. The use of plant leaves in fish diets may deteriorate their growth because it may content anti-nutritional factors. Thus, it is better to use plants leaves extract. In the current study, clove basil leaves extract (CBLE) was administrated to African catfish, Clarias gariepinus (B.) to evaluate its effect on growth performance, physiological, antioxidants, and innate immunity variables. Fish (10.7 ± 0.5 g) were fed on diets enriched with 0.0, 5, 10, or 15 g CBLE/kg diet for 12 weeks. After the feeding trial, fish were further exposed to pathogenic bacteria (Listeria monocytogenes) for 14 days. Fish performance and feed intake were significantly enhanced with increasing CBLE levels and its optimum level is found to be 12 g/kg diet. It is noticed that the dietary CBLE in African catfish diets increased significantly the intestinal villi length, villi width, and absorption area in a dose-dependent manner and fish weight was highly correlated with villi length, villi width, and absorption area (R2 = 0.91, 0.91, and 0.92, respectively). On the other side, Dietary CBLE has significant modulatory effect on hemato- and physiological variables of African catfish in a dose-dependent manner. In this regard, blood glucose and cholesterol levels decreased significantly; mean while total protein, albumin, and globulin increased significantly in fish fed high CBLE levels (10-15 g/kg diet). Furthermore, activities of aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, urea, and creatinine levels were significantly elevated with increasing dietary CBLE levels and their maximum values were detected in fish fed 15 g CBLE/kg diet. Antioxidants and immunity variables were significantly enhanced by CBLE supplementation. Additionally, fish mortality after bacterial challenge was highest in fish fed the control diet (85%) than those fed CBLE-enriched diets. The lowest fish mortality was observed in fish fed 15 g CBLE/kg diet (13.5%). This study evoked that CBLE administration enhanced the performance, feed utilization, antioxidant, and innate immunity properties of African catfish with optimum level of 12 g/kg diet. Also, its supplementation enhanced fish challenge against L. monocytogenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Abdel-Tawwab
- Department of Fish Biology and Ecology, Central Laboratory for Aquaculture Research, Abbassa, Abo-Hammad, Sharqia, 44662, Egypt.
| | - Ibrahim Adeshina
- Department of Aquaculture and Fisheries Management, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria.
| | - Adetola Jenyo-Oni
- Department of Aquaculture and Fisheries Management, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria.
| | - Emmanuel K Ajani
- Department of Aquaculture and Fisheries Management, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.
| | - Benjami O Emikpe
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.
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Sarvi Moghanlou K, Nasr Isfahani E, Dorafshan S, Tukmechi A, Aramli MS. Effects of dietary supplementation with Stachys lavandulifolia Vahl extract on growth performance, hemato-biochemical and innate immunity parameters of rainbow trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss ). Anim Feed Sci Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2018.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Muthu R. Modulation of Immune Response in Edible Fish against Aeromonas hydrophila. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.17352/jcmbt.000030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Saeidi Asl MR, Adel M, Caipang CMA, Dawood MAO. Immunological responses and disease resistance of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) juveniles following dietary administration of stinging nettle (Urtica dioica). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 71:230-238. [PMID: 29017944 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2017.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2017] [Revised: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The present study investigated the effects of dietary supplementation of stinging nettle (Urtica dioica) on growth performance, skin mucus, immune response and disease resistance of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fed with diets supplemented with U. dioica at 0, 1, 2 and 3%. After 8 weeks of feeding, the addition of U. dioica at 3% level resulted in improved weight gain, specific growth rate and feed conversion ratio significantly when compared to the other groups (P < 0.05). Hematological responses including: hematocrit (Htc), hemoglobin (Hb), lymphocyte and neutrophil populations enhanced significantly in fish fed 3% of stinging nettle when measured after 4 weeks; while, total red blood cells, white blood, Htc, Hb, lymphocyte and neutrophil populations significantly increased after 8 weeks in the same group (P < 0.05). Total serum protein and glucose contents increased significantly in fish fed stinging nettle at 3% when compared to the other groups after 8 weeks; however, triglycerides decreased significantly in the same group on the 4th and 8th week (P < 0.05). Additionally, several immune parameters, namely, IgM, lysozyme, complement components C3 and C4, and respiratory burst of blood leukocytes significantly increased in the 3% fed group on the 4th week; while, after 8 weeks the immune responses enhanced in fish fed 2 and 3% diets (P < 0.05). At the end of the feeding trial, mucus samples obtained from the fish fed stinging nettle supplementation exhibited improved antagonistic activities against several bacterial pathogens (Streptococcus iniae, Yersinia ruckeri, Vibrio anguillarum and Lactococcus garviae), skin mucus enzymes activities (alkaline phosphatase, lysozyme, protease and esterase) and protein levels in 2 and 3% groups with the highest being in case of 3% group when compared to the other groups (P < 0.05). The cumulative mortality of rainbow trout subjected to Y. ruckeri infectious exhibited relatively low mortality levels in all supplemented groups with the lowest being in fish fed 3% stinging nettle. The present findings demonstrated that dietary administration of U. dioica enhanced growth and stimulated fish immunity; thus, enabling the fish to be more resistant against bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Reza Saeidi Asl
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Sabzevar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sabzevar, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Milad Adel
- Department of Aquatic Animal Health and Diseases, Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute (IFSRI), Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | | | - Mahmoud A O Dawood
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, 33516, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt.
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Choe Y, Yu JE, Park J, Park D, Oh JI, Kim S, Moon KH, Kang HY. Goldfish, Carassius auratus, as an infection model for studying the pathogenesis of Edwardsiella piscicida. Vet Res Commun 2017; 41:289-297. [PMID: 29119302 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-017-9700-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
This study demonstrates the feasibility of using goldfish as an infection model to investigate the pathogenesis of Edwardsiella piscicida. Goldfish were found to be susceptible to acute E. piscicida-induced disease and died in a dose-dependent manner. E. piscicida was further shown to replicate rapidly in the head kidneys and livers of infected goldfish from 1 d post-injection, and bacteria numbers were significantly decreased 5 d post-injection. Immune responses were successfully induced in goldfish injected with E. piscicida strains and 60% of goldfish inoculated with an attenuated E. piscicida strain were found to survive subsequent injection with a pathogenic strain. The results of differential leukocyte count experiments suggested that leukocytes were immediately recruited as an innate immune response against the infection. Thus, this well-characterized goldfish species is a suitable infection model for studying E. piscicida pathogenesis, and might be applicable to research on other fish diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunjeong Choe
- Department of Microbiology, College of Natural Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, South Korea
| | - Jong Earn Yu
- Department of Microbiology, College of Natural Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, South Korea
| | - Junmo Park
- Department of Microbiology, College of Natural Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, South Korea
| | - Dongchul Park
- Department of Microbiology, College of Natural Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, South Korea
| | - Jeong-Il Oh
- Department of Microbiology, College of Natural Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, South Korea
| | - Suhkmann Kim
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, South Korea
| | - Ki Hwan Moon
- Division of Marine Bioscience, College of Ocean Science and Technology, Korea Maritime and Ocean University, Busan, 49112, South Korea
| | - Ho Young Kang
- Department of Microbiology, College of Natural Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, South Korea.
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Vazirzadeh A, Dehghan F, Kazemeini R. Changes in growth, blood immune parameters and expression of immune related genes in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in response to diet supplemented with Ducrosia anethifolia essential oil. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 69:164-172. [PMID: 28830711 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2017.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Revised: 08/11/2017] [Accepted: 08/18/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
An 8- week feeding trial was conducted to investigate the effects of Ducrosia anethifolia essential oil on growth, blood immune parameters and immune related genes expression in juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Fish were allocated into 4 groups and fed on diet containing different levels of essential oil (0, 0.001, 0.01 and 0.1%) to apparent satiation in 30 min 3 times daily. Growth and immunological parameters were measured every ten days and tissue samples were taken from kidney and spleen on days 10, 30 and 50 to study the expression of IL-1β and TNF-α. The changes of measured parameters in different treatments and over sampling time series were statistically analysis based on repeated measurement method (P < 0.05). Results showed that growth did not affected by essential oil at different treatments. The highest level of hematocrit was observed in 0.001 treatment. The mean of RBC showed no significant differences among treatments. The mean of WBC in 0.01 and 0.1 groups were higher than those in 0.001 and control groups. Total protein, albumin and globulin and serum bactericidal activity showed no significant difference in different treatments. Neither treatments nor sampling times affected serum lysozyme activity. The highest mean of respiratory burst activity was observed in 0.01 group. The highest expression of both IL-1β and TNF-α genes in kidney was observed at 0.001 dose on day 30, while in spleen, the highest expression of IL-1β and TNF-α was obtained on day 30 at doses 0.1 and 0.01%, respectively. In conclusion the results of this study showed that feeding with lower and medium level of D. anethifolia for 30 days led to immunostimulatory effects in juvenile rainbow trout.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arya Vazirzadeh
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Engineering, School of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz 71441- 65186, Iran.
| | - Fatemeh Dehghan
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Engineering, School of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz 71441- 65186, Iran
| | - Roya Kazemeini
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Engineering, School of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz 71441- 65186, Iran
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Wu YS, Lee MC, Huang CT, Kung TC, Huang CY, Nan FH. Effects of traditional medical herbs "minor bupleurum decoction" on the non-specific immune responses of white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 64:218-225. [PMID: 28288911 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2017.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Revised: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This study is investigating the effect of minor bupleurum decoction (Xiao-Chai-Hu decoction) on the non-specific immune response of white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei). To determine prophenoloxidase activity (proPO), reactive oxygen species production (ROS), superoxide anion production (O2-), nitric oxide production (NO), phagocytic rate (PR), phagocytic index (PI), superoxide dismutase activity (SOD), total haemocyte count (THC) and differential haemocyte count (DHC). In this experiment, treating with different dosages (0, 0.25, 0.5 and, 1%) of minor bupleurum decoction to detect immune parameters on day 0, 1, 2, 4, 7, 14, 21 and 28. Result is shown that 0.25% treatment significantly enhanced the superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and, 0.25 and 1% treatment significantly increased the ROS production, nitric oxide (NO) production and phagocytic rate (PR) moreover, 0.5 and 1% treatment induced the proPO activity and superoxide anion (O2-) production. Evidence exactly indicated that minor bupleurum decoction is able to enhance the non-specific immunity responses of white shrimp via in vivo examination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Sheng Wu
- Department of Aquaculture, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 20248, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Meng-Chou Lee
- Department of Aquaculture, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 20248, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Cheng-Ting Huang
- Department of Aquaculture, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 20248, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Tzu-Chi Kung
- Department of Aquaculture, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 20248, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chih-Yang Huang
- Department of Aquaculture, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 20248, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Fan-Hua Nan
- Department of Aquaculture, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 20248, Taiwan, ROC.
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Yarahmadi P, Ghafari Farsani H, Khazaei A, Khodadadi M, Rashidiyan G, Jalali MA. Protective effects of the prebiotic on the immunological indicators of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) infected with Aeromonas hydrophila. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 54:589-597. [PMID: 27184111 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2016.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2016] [Revised: 05/02/2016] [Accepted: 05/08/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the protective effects of dietary administration of commercial prebiotic, Immunogen, on immunological indicators, enzymatic responses and stress tolerance in juvenile (81.65 ± 1.49) rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) following Aeromonas hydrophila infection. The first group of fish was fed with the diet containing 2 g kg(-1) Immunogen whilst the control group received the diet free of Immunogen. There were three replicates per group. After 6 weeks feeding, the control group were divided into two treatments injected with saline buffer (control), and 1.5 × 10(8) CFU A. hydrophila respectively. The fish fed with the Immunogen supplemented diet were also injected with 1.5 × 10(8) CFU A. hydrophila. Our results revealed that dietary Immunogen increased the level of white blood cell (WBC) and percentage of lymphocyte (P < 0.05), however, the level of red blood cell (RBC), Hematocrit (Hct), hemoglobin (Hb) and percent of monocyte decreased in Untreated-Challenged group but unaffected in the group fed with Immunogen (P < 0.05). The level of lysozyme, alternative complement, antiprotease activity, total protein, albumin and globulin decreased in Untreated- Challenged group compared to control group. However, there was an increase in the level of lysozyme, alternative complement, antiprotease activity, bactericidal activity, in the Treated- Challenged group compared to other groups (P < 0.05). Serum alkali phosphatase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase, significantly increased fallowing challenge with A. hydrophila but in the Treated-Challenged group, there was no significant difference compared to the control group (P < 0.05). Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) level was not different between groups (P > 0.05). Serum cortisol and glucose levels were higher in the challenge group, but these levels were lower in fish under challenge that were fed Immunogen-supplemented diet in contrast to the group fed control diet. The stress responses affected by A. hydrophila challenge (P < 0.05). Serum sodium, potassium and calcium concentration decreased by A. hydrophila exposure (P < 0.05), and Immunogen showed protection effect against this change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peyman Yarahmadi
- Department of Aquatic Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Hamed Ghafari Farsani
- Young Reseasch and Elite Club, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Amin Khazaei
- Department of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
| | - Mohammad Khodadadi
- Department of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
| | - Ghasem Rashidiyan
- Department of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
| | - M Ali Jalali
- Center for Integrative Ecology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Victoria, Australia; Faculty of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
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Jawahar S, Nafar A, Vasanth K, Musthafa MS, Arockiaraj J, Balasundaram C, Harikrishnan R. Dietary supplementation of Zeolite on growth performance, immunological role, and disease resistance in Channa striatus against Aphanomyces invadans. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 51:161-169. [PMID: 26899125 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2016.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2015] [Revised: 02/11/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Epizootic Ulcerative Syndrome (EUS) caused by Aphanomyces invadans which is a primary fungal parasitic pathogen, inflicts serious economic loss in tropical freshwater fish including snakehead murrel, Channa striatus. In the present study with an aim to circumvent the adverse effects of the traditional measures in graded levels (2%, 4%, and 6%) of Zeolite enriched diet on growth performance, hematology, immunological response, and disease resistance in C. striatus against A. invadans is reported. The final weight (FW), specific growth rate (SGR), feed conversion ratio (FCR), protein efficiency ratio (PER), and average daily gain (ADG) were significantly high in infected fish fed with 4% or 6% Zeolite incorporated diets on 4th week. The maximum survival rates (SR) of 96% and 98% were observed when fed with 2% or 4% diets on 4th week. Similarly, the white blood cell (WBC), red blood cell (RBC), hematocrit (Hct), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), and mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC) were significantly high when fed with any Zeolite enriched diet. However, the haemoglobin (Hb) and mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH) were significantly high with 4% and 6% Zeolite diets. The total protein and globulin were significantly high with 4% and 6% diets; the albumin, glucose, cholesterol, and triglyceride were significantly elevated with any enriched diet. The 4% and 6% Zeolite diets significantly enhanced the phagocytic activity on 2nd week but the 2% diet could increase it on 4th week. The respiratory burst (RB) activity, complement activity, and lymphocyte proliferation level were significantly enhanced with 4% and 6% Zeolite diets on weeks 1 and 2 while with 2% diet on 4th week. All enriched diets significantly increased the lysozyme activity during the experimental period. Superoxide anion (SOA) production significantly enhanced with 6% diet on weeks 1 and 2 whereas with 2% diet on week 4. Lower cumulative mortality of 10% and 15% was found with 4% and 6% Zeolite diets whereas a higher mortality (20%) was observed with 2% diet. The present study suggests that dietary supplementation with 4% or 6% Zeolite significantly increase growth performance, hemato-biochemical changes, immunological response, and disease resistance in C. striatus against A. invadans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suntharam Jawahar
- P.G. & Research Department of Biotechnology, Bharath College of Science and Management, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Adil Nafar
- P.G. & Research Department of Biotechnology, Bharath College of Science and Management, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Krishnan Vasanth
- Department of Botany, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641 046, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Mohamed Saiyad Musthafa
- Unit of Aquaculture & Aquatic Toxicology, P.G. & Research Department of Zoology, The New College, Chennai 600014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Jesu Arockiaraj
- Division of Fisheries Biotechnology & Molecular Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Humanities, SRM University, Kattankulathur, 603 203 Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Chellam Balasundaram
- Department of Herbal and Environmental Science, Tamil University, Thanjavur 613 005, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ramasamy Harikrishnan
- Department of Zoology, Pachaiyappa's College for Men, Kanchipuram 631 501, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Tamamdustu R, . W, Yuhana M. Administration of Microencapsulated Probiotic Bacillus sp. NP5 and Prebiotic Mannan Oligosaccharide for Prevention of Aeromonas hydrophila Infection on Pangasianodon hypophthalmus. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.3923/jfas.2016.67.76] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Ngugi CC, Oyoo-Okoth E, Mugo-Bundi J, Orina PS, Chemoiwa EJ, Aloo PA. Effects of dietary administration of stinging nettle (Urtica dioica) on the growth performance, biochemical, hematological and immunological parameters in juvenile and adult Victoria Labeo (Labeo victorianus) challenged with Aeromonas hydrophila. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 44:533-541. [PMID: 25827627 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2015.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2015] [Revised: 03/16/2015] [Accepted: 03/18/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We investigated effects of dietary administration of stinging nettle (Urtica dioica) on growth performance, biochemical, hematological and immunological parameters in juvenile and adult Victoria Labeo (Labeo victorianus) against Aeromonas hydrophila. Fish were divided into 4 groups and fed for 4 and 16 weeks with 0%, 1%, 2% and 5% of U. dioica incorporated into the diet. Use of U. dioica in the diet resulted in improved biochemical, hematological and immunological parameters. Among the biochemical parameters; plasma cortisol, glucose, triglyceride and cholesterol decreased while total protein and albumin in fish increased with increasing dietary inclusion of U. dioica. Among the haematology parameters: red blood cell (RBC), white blood cell (WBC) counts, haematocrit (Htc), mean cell haemoglobin (MCH), mean cell haemoglobin concentration (MCHC) and netrophiles increased with increasing dietary inclusion levels of U. dioica, some depending on the fish age. Serum immunoglobulins, lysozyme activity and respiratory burst were the main immunological parameters in the adult and juvenile L. victorianus measured and they all increased with increasing herbal inclusion of U. dioica in the diet. Dietary incorporation of U. dioica at 5% showed significantly higher relative percentage survival (up to 95%) against A. hydrophila. The current results demonstrate that using U. dioica can stimulate fish immunity and make L. victorianus more resistant to bacterial infection (A. hydrophila).
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles C Ngugi
- Kenyatta University, School of Agriculture and Enterprise Development, Department of Agricultural Resource Management, P.O. Box 43844-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Elijah Oyoo-Okoth
- School of Natural Resources and Environmental Studies, Department of Natural Resource, Karatina University, P.O. Box 1957-10101, Karatina, Kenya.
| | - James Mugo-Bundi
- School of Natural Resources and Environmental Studies, Department of Natural Resource, Karatina University, P.O. Box 1957-10101, Karatina, Kenya
| | - Paul Sagwe Orina
- National Aquaculture Research Development and Training Centre - Sagana, P. O. Box 26-10230, Sagana, Kenya; Department of Biological Sciences, University of Eldoret, P.O. Box 1125-30100, Eldoret, Kenya
| | - Emily Jepyegon Chemoiwa
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Eldoret, P.O. Box 1125-30100, Eldoret, Kenya
| | - Peninah A Aloo
- School of Natural Resources and Environmental Studies, Department of Natural Resource, Karatina University, P.O. Box 1957-10101, Karatina, Kenya
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Jagruthi C, Yogeshwari G, Anbazahan SM, Mari LSS, Arockiaraj J, Mariappan P, Sudhakar GRL, Balasundaram C, Harikrishnan R. Effect of dietary astaxanthin against Aeromonas hydrophila infection in common carp, Cyprinus carpio. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 41:674-680. [PMID: 25462460 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2014.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2014] [Revised: 10/10/2014] [Accepted: 10/10/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The effect of astaxanthin at 0, 25, 50, and 100 mg kg(-1) incorporated in basal feed on immune response and disease resistance in Cyprinus carpio against Aeromonas hydrophila was investigated. When fed with 25 mg kg(-1) diet, the cumulative mortality was 35% whereas it was 10% and 20% with 50 and 100 mg kg(-1) diets. With all enriched diets the growth rate increased significantly from week 1 to 4 when compared with control. However, the specific growth rate (SGR), feed conversion ratio (FCR), and protein efficiency ratio (PER) did not vary significantly from that of the control except with 50 mg kg(-1) diet. When fed with 50 and 100 mg kg(-1) diets the red blood cells, white blood cells, hemoglobin, and hematocrit values significantly increased. However, the serum total protein, albumin, and globulin contents significantly increased only when fed with 50 and 100 mg kg(-1) diets. The phagocytic ratio also significantly raised with 50 and 100 mg kg(-1) diets on week 2 and 4 whereas the phagocytic index significantly increased with all groups only on fourth week. The respiratory burst activity significantly increased in 25 mg kg(-1) diet group on first week whereas in 50 and 100 mg kg(-1) diet groups the activity increased on weeks 2 and 4; a similar trend was observed in the anti-protease activity only on weeks 2 and 4. The serum lysozyme activity and bactericidal activity registered a significant increase with all enriched diets. This study suggests that supplementation of astaxanthin at 50 and 100 mg kg(-1) with the basal diet significantly promotes the growth restores hematology and modulates the immune system in C. carpio against A. hydrophila.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandrasekar Jagruthi
- Department of Biotechnology, Bharath College of Science and Management, Thanjavur 613 005, Tamil Nadu, India
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Anbazahan SM, Mari LSS, Yogeshwari G, Jagruthi C, Thirumurugan R, Arockiaraj J, Velanganni AAJ, Krishnamoorthy P, Balasundaram C, Harikrishnan R. Immune response and disease resistance of carotenoids supplementation diet in Cyprinus carpio against Aeromonas hydrophila. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 40:9-13. [PMID: 24954837 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2014.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2013] [Revised: 06/07/2014] [Accepted: 06/10/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The effect of carotenoid-supplementation diet on immune response and disease resistance in common carp, Cyprinus carpio against Aeromonas hydrophila at weeks 1, 2, and 4 is reported. The cumulative mortality was 10% when fish were fed with 50 or 100 mg kg(-1) supplementation diets while the un-supplementation diet treated group suffered 90% mortality against the pathogen. The phagocytic activity and complement activity significantly increased with 50 and 100 mg kg(-1) diet groups from weeks 2 and 4 but not in other groups. The reactive oxygen species (ROS) production was significantly enhanced with 50 and 100 mg kg(-1) diets from weeks 1 to 4 while the production of reactive nitrogen species (RNS) enhanced on weeks 2 and 4. The lysozyme activity significantly increased when fed with 50 and 100 mg kg(-1) diets on weeks 2 and all supplementation diets on week 4. These results suggest that diet enriched with carotenoid pigment positively enhance the immune status and protects C. carpio from A. hydrophila infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sannasi Muthu Anbazahan
- Department of Biotechnology, Bharath College of Science and Management, Thanjavur 613 005, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Lourthu Samy Shanthi Mari
- Department of Biotechnology, Bharath College of Science and Management, Thanjavur 613 005, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Govintharaj Yogeshwari
- Department of Biotechnology, Bharath College of Science and Management, Thanjavur 613 005, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Chandrasekar Jagruthi
- Department of Biotechnology, Bharath College of Science and Management, Thanjavur 613 005, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ramasamy Thirumurugan
- Department of Animal Science, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirapalli 620 024, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Jesu Arockiaraj
- Division of Fisheries Biotechnology & Molecular Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Humanities, SRM University, Kattankulathur, Chennai 603 203, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | | | - Chellam Balasundaram
- Department of Herbal and Environmental Science, Tamil University, Thanjavur 613 005, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ramasamy Harikrishnan
- Department of Biotechnology, Bharath College of Science and Management, Thanjavur 613 005, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Tkachenko H, Kurhaluk N, Grudniewska J, Andriichuk A. Tissue-specific responses of oxidative stress biomarkers and antioxidant defenses in rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss during a vaccination against furunculosis. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2014; 40:1289-300. [PMID: 24599827 PMCID: PMC4072067 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-014-9924-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2013] [Accepted: 02/21/2014] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The present study was conducted to evaluate the effects of vaccination against furunculosis on responses of oxidative stress and antioxidant defenses in rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss muscle, gills, liver, and brain tissues. The oxidative stress markers (malondialdehyde and carbonyl derivatives of protein oxidative destruction levels), antioxidant defenses (superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione reductase, and glutathione peroxidase), and total antioxidant capacity in different tissues of rainbow trout were measured. Our data showed that exposure of trout to vaccine against furunculosis produced changes (either increase or decrease) in oxidative stress and antioxidant enzymes responses, and these responses showed marked organ differences, associated with tissue patterns. Our study demonstrated that vaccinated trout showed alteration in antioxidant defenses and oxidative stress responses, with higher severity in the liver, compared with other tissues. Our data also suggest that vaccination against furunculosis induced lipid peroxidation in gill and liver tissues. However, muscle and brain tissue are capable of restoring its pro- and antioxidant balance after vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Halyna Tkachenko
- Department of Zoology and Animal Physiology, Institute of Biology and Environmental Protection, Pomeranian University, Slupsk, Poland
| | - Natalia Kurhaluk
- Department of Zoology and Animal Physiology, Institute of Biology and Environmental Protection, Pomeranian University, Slupsk, Poland
| | - Joanna Grudniewska
- Department of Salmonid Research, Inland Fisheries Institute, Rutki, 83-330 Żukowo, Poland
| | - Anastasiia Andriichuk
- Department of Zoology and Animal Physiology, Institute of Biology and Environmental Protection, Pomeranian University, Slupsk, Poland
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Barros MM, Falcon DR, Orsi RDO, Pezzato LE, Fernandes AC, Guimarães IG, Fernandes A, Padovani CR, Sartori MMP. Non-specific immune parameters and physiological response of Nile tilapia fed β-glucan and vitamin C for different periods and submitted to stress and bacterial challenge. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 39:188-195. [PMID: 24830771 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2014.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2014] [Revised: 04/24/2014] [Accepted: 05/03/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
This study attempts to describe the effects of different administration periods of dietary β-glucan and Vit C on the non-specific immune response, physiological parameters and disease resistance of Nile tilapia against Aeromonas hydrophila infection. Therefore, a feeding trial (288 fish) was conducted to determine the best administration period (7, 15, 30 and 45 days) for a Nile tilapia diet supplemented with 0.1% β-glucan and 600 mg Vit C/kg diet. After the administration period, three different groups of 96 fish were exposed to one of the following three stresses: cold-induced stress, transport-induced stress, and A. hydrophila challenge. Hematological, biochemical and immunological responses were analyzed before and/or after stress. Cold-induced stress increased cortisol levels and reduced the leukocyte count in fish fed the test diet for seven days compared with the other periods. After transport-induced stress, fish fed the test diet for seven days required more hours to return to the baseline levels of cortisol and neutrophils. Moreover, independently of the administration period, fish needed 24 h for leukocyte and glucose levels to return to the initial values. The lowest survival after bacterial infection was observed in fish test diet for seven days. Based on fish hematological and biochemical responses, diet supplemented with 0.1% of β-glucan and 600 mg of Vit C/kg fed for at least 15 days is recommended for Nile tilapia especially when fish are likely to encounter transport-induced stress, and this stress was more severe than cold-induced stress or bacterial challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Ary Fernandes
- UNESP, Univ. Estadual Paulista, FMVZ, AquaNutri, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
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Binaii M, Ghiasi M, Farabi SMV, Pourgholam R, Fazli H, Safari R, Alavi SE, Taghavi MJ, Bankehsaz Z. Biochemical and hemato-immunological parameters in juvenile beluga (Huso huso) following the diet supplemented with nettle (Urtica dioica). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 36:46-51. [PMID: 24516872 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2013.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The present study investigated the effects of different dietary nettle (Urtica dioica) levels on biochemical, hematological and immunological parameters in beluga (Huso huso). Fish were divided into 4 groups before being fed for 8 weeks with 0%, 3%, 6% and 12% of nettle. The blood samples were collected on week 4 and 8. The use of nettle did not significantly change the mean cell volume, mean cell haemoglobin, lymphocytes, eosinophils, albumin, glucose, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase and lysozyme activity on week 4 and 8. After 4 weeks, the total red blood cell (RBC) and hematocrit (Ht) showed a significant increase in 12% nettle group compared to the 3% nettle and control groups but haemoglobin (Hb) had a significant change in 12% nettle compared to the control. At the same time was not found a significant change in the mean cell haemoglobin concentration (MCHC), total white blood cell (WBC), neutrophils, respiratory burst activity (RB), total immunoglobulin (Ig) and total protein (TP), triglyceride (Tri) and cholesterol (Chol). After 8 weeks, the fish treated with nettle exhibited significantly increase in neutrophil and Hb levels compared to the control and between treatment groups, 12% nettle group shown the highest Hb while RBC and Hct values significantly rose in fish fed by 12% compared to the control. Supplementing 6% and 12% nettle increased the WBC and MCHC compared to the other groups. The group fed 12% showed a highly significant difference in RB, TP and Ig after 8 weeks. However, Tri and Chol were significantly decreased in the juvenile beluga fed by the 6% and 12% nettle diet compared to the other groups. The results suggest that by using this herb there will be an improvement in hemato-biochemical parameters and immune function of juvenile beluga.
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Harikrishnan R, Son HJ, Kim DH, Hong SH, Mariappan P, Balasundaram C, Heo MS. WITHDRAWN: Effects of saponin supplementation diet on hematological, biochemical, and immunological responses in Epinephelus bruneus against Vibrio alginolyticus. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2012:S1050-4648(12)00285-9. [PMID: 22906763 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2012.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2012] [Revised: 07/20/2012] [Accepted: 07/29/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
This article has been withdrawn at the request of the author(s) and/or editor. The Publisher apologizes for any inconvenience this may cause. The full Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal can be found at http://www.elsevier.com/locate/withdrawalpolicy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramasamy Harikrishnan
- Marine Applied Microbes and Aquatic Organism Disease Control Lab, Department of Aquatic Biomedical Sciences, School of Marine Biomedical Sciences, College of Ocean Sciences & Marine and Environmental Research Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju 690-756, Republic of Korea.
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Harikrishnan R, Kim DH, Hong SH, Mariappan P, Balasundaram C, Heo MS. Non-specific immune response and disease resistance induced by Siegesbeckia glabrescens against Vibrio parahaemolyticus in Epinephelus bruneus. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2012; 33:359-364. [PMID: 22626564 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2012.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2012] [Revised: 05/11/2012] [Accepted: 05/11/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The immunomodulatory effect of Siegesbeckia glabrescens extract-supplementation diets on innate immune response and disease resistance of kelp grouper, Epinephelus bruneus against Vibrio parahaemolyticus at weeks 1, 2, and 4 is reported. The serum lysozyme activity was significantly enhanced with any enriched diet from weeks 1-4 when compared to control diet (0%). The alternative complement haemolytic activities significantly were enhanced with all enriched diets on weeks 2 and 4 whereas the cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) was significantly enhanced only with 1.0% and 2.0% diets. The reactive nitrogen intermediate (RNI) value was significantly enhanced with any enriched diet on weeks 2 and 4, but on first week it did not differ from control. The myeloperoxidase (MPO) production significantly increased with 1.0% and 2.0% diets from second week onwards; with other enriched diets the increase manifested on fourth week; but during first week it did not vary from that of the control with any enriched diet. The protection in terms of cumulative mortality was the least being 25% and 20% when fed with 1.0% and 2.0% diets. The present results indicate that feeding kelp grouper with S. glabrescens extract enriched diet at 1.0% and 2.0% levels significantly enhance the immunological parameters, increase the disease resistance and minimize the cumulative mortality in E. bruneus against V. parahaemolyticus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramasamy Harikrishnan
- Department of Aquatic Biomedical Sciences, School of Marine Biomedical Sciences, College of Ocean Sciences & Marine and Environmental Research Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju, Republic of Korea.
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Effect of dietary supplementation with Suaeda maritima on blood physiology, innate immune response, and disease resistance in olive flounder against Miamiensis avidus. Exp Parasitol 2012; 131:195-203. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2012.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2011] [Revised: 03/24/2012] [Accepted: 03/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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