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Liu Q, Chen Z, Zhang J, Pan S, Zhou Y, Tang Y, Wu C, Wang H, Zhao Z, Li Y, Mai K, Ai Q. Involvement of mitochondrial fatty acid β-oxidation in the antiviral innate immune response in head kidney macrophages of large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2024:109829. [PMID: 39142373 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2024.109829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2024] [Revised: 08/03/2024] [Accepted: 08/12/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024]
Abstract
As a vital pathway for cellular energy production, mitochondrial fatty acid β-oxidation (FAO) is essential in regulating immune responses to bacterial pathogens and maintaining intracellular homeostasis in vertebrates. However, the specific role of FAO in antiviral innate immune response in macrophages remains insufficiently understood. In this study, virus infection simulated by poly(I:C) inhibited FAO, as indicated by the reduced expression of FAO-related genes and proteins in the head kidney of large yellow croaker, with similar results observed in poly(I:C)-stimulated macrophages. Then, inhibition of FAO by supplementary mildronate in vivo and etomoxir treatment in vitro revealed varying increases in the mRNA expression of antiviral innate immune response genes after stimulated by poly(I:C) in the head kidney and macrophages. Notably, etomoxir significantly facilitated the transcriptional up-regulation of the IFNh promoter by IRF3. Moreover, inhibiting FAO by knockdown of cpt1b promoted antiviral innate immune response triggered by poly(I:C) in macrophages. Conversely, activating FAO through overexpression of cpt1b or cpt2 significantly reduced the mRNA levels of antiviral response genes in macrophages stimulated by poly(I:C). Unlike etomoxir, cpt1b overexpression inhibited the transcriptional up-regulation of the IFNh promoter by IRF3. Furthermore, in vivo dietary palm oil feeding and in vitro exposure to palmitic acid inhibited the antiviral innate immune response triggered by poly(I:C) in the head kidney and macrophages, respectively. These effects were partly associated with FAO activation, as evidenced by etomoxir. In summary, this study elucidates FAO's critical role in regulating antiviral innate immune response in head kidney macrophages. These findings not only deepen insights into the interaction between metabolic remodeling and host immune responses, but also offer valuable guidance for developing nutritional strategies to improve antiviral immunity in aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiangde Liu
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs) and Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, 266003, Qingdao, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiwei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs) and Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, 266003, Qingdao, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinze Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs) and Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, 266003, Qingdao, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Shijie Pan
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs) and Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, 266003, Qingdao, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs) and Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, 266003, Qingdao, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuhang Tang
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs) and Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, 266003, Qingdao, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Caixia Wu
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs) and Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, 266003, Qingdao, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Haoran Wang
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs) and Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, 266003, Qingdao, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Zengqi Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs) and Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, 266003, Qingdao, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yueru Li
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs) and Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, 266003, Qingdao, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Kangsen Mai
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs) and Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, 266003, Qingdao, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Qinghui Ai
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs) and Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, 266003, Qingdao, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
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Costa DS, Dutra SAP, Pereira IL, Cardoso L, de Medeiros PB, Riofrio LVP, Libanori MCM, Soligo TA, Yamashita E, Pereira UDP, Mourinõ JLP, Martins ML. Hematoimmunological responses of juvenile Nile tilapia ( Oreochromis niloticus) receiving the dietary supplementation of immunomodulators and different levels of vitamins after challenge with physical stress. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY MEDICINE 2024; 46:e001124. [PMID: 39070261 PMCID: PMC11277980 DOI: 10.29374/2527-2179.bjvm001124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024] Open
Abstract
In this study, we analyzed the hematoimmunological effects of dietary supplementation with immunomodulators (β-glucans + nucleotides) and different levels of vitamins on Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) after exposure to physical stress. The following four diet treatments were used: diets with indicated vitamin levels (Vitind), diets with Vitind + immunomodulator (Vitind + Immune), diets with high vitamin content (Vithigh), and those with Vithigh + immunomodulator (Vithigh + Immune). The experiment included 560 fish in 28 tanks (20 fish tank-1), with seven replicates per treatment. After 60 days of supplementation, the water temperature was set at 20 °C, and complete biometrics were performed. The animals were then subjected to physical stress with temperature oscillations of 20 ºC to 30 ºC/30 ºC to 20 ºC/20 ºC to 30 ºC. Hematoimmunological data from 140 animals were collected post-stress. Antimicrobial titer and total plasma protein levels were significantly higher in fish not receiving immunomodulator-supplemented diets (2.88 ± 0.43 log2 and 26.81 ± 4.01 mg∙mL-1, respectively) than in those that did. Conversely, the agglutination titer increased in fish fed with lower vitamin levels (3.33 ± 0.66 log2) compared to those with higher vitamin levels. Increased immunoglobulin levels were observed in fish fed diets co-supplemented with vitamins and immunomodulators, revealing an interaction between immunomodulators and dietary vitamin levels. In summary, the inclusion of immunomodulators in the diet enhanced the animals' resistance to physical stress and improved hematoimmunological parameters. Additionally, a high vitamin content in the diet did not modulate the immune responses in the animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domickson Silva Costa
- Fisheries engineer, AQUOS-Aquatic Organisms Health Laboratory, Aquaculture Department, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, SC, Brazil.
| | | | - Iracema Lima Pereira
- Fisheries engineer, AQUOS-Aquatic Organisms Health Laboratory, Aquaculture Department, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, SC, Brazil.
| | - Lucas Cardoso
- Aquaculture engineer, AQUOS-Aquatic Organisms Health Laboratory, Aquaculture Department, UFSC, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil.
| | - Paula Brando de Medeiros
- Aquaculture engineer, AQUOS-Aquatic Organisms Health Laboratory, Aquaculture Department, UFSC, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil.
| | | | - Maria Clara Miguel Libanori
- Veterinarian, AQUOS-Aquatic Organisms Health Laboratory, Aquaculture Department, UFSC, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil.
| | | | - Eduardo Yamashita
- Zootechnist, DSM-Nutritional Products, Brazil S.A, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Ulisses de Pádua Pereira
- Veterinarian, LABBEP- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Laboratory of Bacteriology in Fish, UEL, Londrina, PR, Brazil.
| | - José Luiz Pedreira Mourinõ
- Zootechnist, AQUOS-Aquatic Organisms Health Laboratory, Aquaculture Department, UFSC, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil.
| | - Maurício Laterça Martins
- Biologist, AQUOS-Aquatic Organisms Health Laboratory, Aquaculture Department, UFSC, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil.
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Wang F, Wang Z, Cao J, Lu Y. Long- and short-term dietary β-glucan improves intestinal health and disease resistance in pearl gentian grouper (Epinephelus lanceolatus♂ × Epinephelus fuscoguttatus♀). FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2024; 50:973-988. [PMID: 38421537 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-024-01310-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
β-Glucans are immunostimulants and are widely used in aquaculture industry. The present study was conducted to evaluate the effects of different periods of β-glucan management on growth performance, intestinal health, and disease resistance in pearl gentian grouper (Epinephelus lanceolatus♂ × Epinephelus fuscoguttatus♀). A commercial feed was used as control diet (CD), and the β-glucan diet (βD) was based on CD and further supplemented with 0.1% β-glucan. Grouper in control and long-term β-glucan diet (LGD) groups were fed with CD and βD for 8 weeks, respectively. Groupers in short-term β-glucan diet (SGD) group were fed with CD for the first 4 weeks and βD for the last 4 weeks. We found that LGD and SGD had no effect on growth performance but reduced the mortalities of grouper after challenging with Vibrio harveyi. In addition, both LGD and SGD increased intestinal morphology, enhanced antioxidant capacity, enhanced immunity, inhibited apoptosis, altered the transcriptional profile, and activated mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) signaling pathway in the intestine of grouper. Furthermore, the effect of LGD on most of the above parameters was comparable to that of SGD. In conclusion, LGD and SGD did not affect growth rate parameters but enhanced the intestinal health and disease resistance of pearl gentian grouper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Wang
- Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animal Health Assessment, Shenzhen Public Service Platform for Evaluation of Marine Economic Animal Seedings, Shenzhen, 518210, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Guangxi Academy of Marine Sciences, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning, 530000, China
- College of Fishery, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
| | - Zhiwen Wang
- Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animal Health Assessment, Shenzhen Public Service Platform for Evaluation of Marine Economic Animal Seedings, Shenzhen, 518210, China
- College of Fishery, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
| | - Junming Cao
- College of Fishery, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China.
- Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China.
| | - Yishan Lu
- Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animal Health Assessment, Shenzhen Public Service Platform for Evaluation of Marine Economic Animal Seedings, Shenzhen, 518210, China.
- College of Fishery, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China.
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Huang W, Li T, Cai W, Song H, Liu H, Tan B, Zhang S, Zhou M, Yang Y, Dong X. Effects of α-Lipoic Acid Supplementation on Growth Performance, Liver Histology, Antioxidant and Related Genes Expression of Hybrid Grouper ( Epinephelus fuscoguttatus ♀ × E. lanceolatus ♂). Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:88. [PMID: 38247512 PMCID: PMC10812574 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13010088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to assess the impact of α-lipoic acid on the growth performance, antioxidant capacity and immunity in hybrid groupers (♀ Epinephelus fuscoguttatus × ♂ E. lanceolatus) fed with a high-lipid diet. Groupers (8.97 ± 0.01 g) were fed six different diets, with α-lipoic acid content in diets being 0, 400, 800, 1200, 1600, and 2000 mg/kg, named S1, S2, S3, S4, S5, and S6, respectively. The results show that the addition of 2000 mg/kg α-lipoic acid in the diet inhibited the growth, weight gain rate (WGR), and specific growth rate (SGR), which were significantly lower than other groups. In serum, catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were significantly higher in the S5 group than in the S1 group. In the liver, CAT, SOD and total antioxidative capacity (T-AOC) levels were significantly increased in α-lipoic acid supplemented groups. α-lipoic acid significantly upregulated liver antioxidant genes sod and cat, anti-inflammatory factor interleukin 10 (il10) and transforming growth factor β (tgfβ) mRNA levels. Conclusion: the addition of 2000 mg/kg of α-lipoic acid inhibits the growth of hybrid groupers. In addition, 400-800 mg/kg α-lipoic acid contents improve the antioxidant capacity of groupers and have a protective effect against high-lipid-diet-induced liver oxidative damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weibin Huang
- Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; (W.H.)
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High Efficiency Feed, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Tao Li
- Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; (W.H.)
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High Efficiency Feed, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Wenshan Cai
- Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; (W.H.)
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High Efficiency Feed, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Hengyang Song
- Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; (W.H.)
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High Efficiency Feed, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Hao Liu
- Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; (W.H.)
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High Efficiency Feed, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Beiping Tan
- Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; (W.H.)
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High Efficiency Feed, Zhanjiang 524088, China
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic, Livestock and Poultry Feed Science and Technology in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhanjiang 524000, China
| | - Shuang Zhang
- Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; (W.H.)
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High Efficiency Feed, Zhanjiang 524088, China
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic, Livestock and Poultry Feed Science and Technology in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhanjiang 524000, China
| | - Menglong Zhou
- Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; (W.H.)
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High Efficiency Feed, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Yuanzhi Yang
- Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; (W.H.)
| | - Xiaohui Dong
- Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; (W.H.)
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High Efficiency Feed, Zhanjiang 524088, China
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic, Livestock and Poultry Feed Science and Technology in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhanjiang 524000, China
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Adeshina I, Paray BA, Bhat EA, Ibrahim AD, Tiamiyu LO. Stimulatory effect of dietary alpha-lipoic acid on growth performance, antioxidant capacity, liver enzymes, immunity and protection of African catfish, Clarias gariepinus (B.), Edwardsiella tarda infection. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2024; 108:163-173. [PMID: 37609860 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
Edwardsiella tarda is one of the most common causes of fish diseases that hinder aquaculture. Oxidative stress in farm animals can induce a number of pathological disorders, production and general animal welfare. The use of exogenous dietary nonenzymatic antioxidants such as alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) can stop a pro-oxidant state and thus appears to have the potential to modulate the immune system and protect fish from bacterial infection. Thus, this study investigates the stimulatory effect of dietary ALA on growth performance, antioxidant capacity, liver enzymes, immunity and protection of African catfish, Clarias gariepinus (B.), against an infection with E. tarda. Five isonitrogenous and isocaloric diets (400 g/kg of crude protein) containing ALA at doses of 0.0 (control), 500, 1000, 1500 or 2000 mg/kg diet were served to 300 juveniles of African catfish (mean weight = 8.2 ± 0.2 g) adequately thrice per day for 12 weeks. Thereafter, 0.1 mL of E. tarda (ATCC 15947; 1.0 × 108 CFU/mL) was intraperitoneally injected into 10 fish from each tank and was monitored for 14 days. The results showed that ALA-fortified diets significantly boosted the fish growth, feed consumption and utilization and feed conversion ratio but no did not affect fish survival rate. The highest final fish weight (g), weight growth (g) and weight gain (%) were all considerably higher in fish fed with ALA-fortified diets (p < 0.05), especially from 1000 to 200 mg/kg ALA than the control group. Also, an enhanced hemato-biochemical, antioxidant and immune indices were noticed in African catfish-fed ALA-enriched diets. In a dose-dependent order, the levels of haematological indices such Ht, Hb, RBCs, WBCs and platelets were markedly increased (p < 0.05). Additionally, fish fed with ALA-based diets showed substantial (p < 0.05) declines in aspartate and alanine aminotransferase values, with the lowest values being found in the 2000 mg/kg diet while control group had highest values. Further, African catfish fed the feed fortified with 2000 mg ALA/kg diet showed the highest levels of lysozyme, respiratory burst, proteases and esterase activities (p < 0.05). Following exposure of fish to E. tarda infection, a significant reduction in the mortality was obtained in African catfish fed with ALA-based diets, especially from 1500 to 2000 mg ALA/kg diet (3.3%); while fish fed with the control diet had highest mortality (86.7%). Therefore, diets supplemented with ALA evoked fish growth performance, antioxidants and nonspecific immunity of African catfish. Also, resistance of African catfish to E. Tarda infection were raised when fed ALA-fortified diets at optimum inclusion rate of 1300 mg ALA/kg diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim Adeshina
- Department of Aquaculture and Fisheries, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - Bilal Ahamad Paray
- Department of Zoology, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Eijaz Ahmed Bhat
- Centre de Biologie Structurale (CBS), INSERM, CNRS, Univ Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Aishat D Ibrahim
- Department of Aquaculture and Fisheries, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - Lateef O Tiamiyu
- Department of Aquaculture and Fisheries, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
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El-Houseiny W, Arisha AH, Behairy A, Metwally MMM, Abdel-Warith AWA, Younis EM, Davies SJ, Hassan BA, Abd-Elhakim YM. The immunosuppressive, growth-hindering, hepatotoxic, and oxidative stress and immune related-gene expressions-altering effects of gibberellic acid in Oreochromis niloticus: A mitigation trial using alpha-lipoic acid. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 198:105725. [PMID: 38225080 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2023.105725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to examine the effects of gibberellic acid (GBA) on growth, hemato-biochemical parameters related to liver functions, digestive enzymes, and immunological response in Oreochromis niloticus. Besides, the probable underlying mechanisms were explored by assessing antioxidant, apoptotic, and immune-related gene expression. Furthermore, the likelihood of restoration following alpha-lipoic acid (LIP) dietary supplementation was explored. The fish (average initial weight 30.75 ± 0.46) were equally classified into four groups: the control group, the LIP group (fed on a basal diet plus 600 mg/kg of LIP), the GBA group (exposed to 150 mg GBA/L), and the GBA + LIP group (exposed to 150 mg GBA/L and fed a diet containing LIP and GBA) for 60 days. The study findings showed that LIP supplementation significantly reduced GBA's harmful effects on survival rate, growth, feed intake, digestive enzymes, and antioxidant balance. Moreover, the GBA exposure significantly increased liver enzymes, stress markers, cholesterol, and triglyceride levels, all of which were effectively mitigated by the supplementation of LIP. Additionally, LIP addition to fish diets significantly minimized the histopathological alterations in the livers of GBA-treated fish, including fatty change, sharply clear cytoplasm with nuclear displacement to the cell periphery, single-cell necrosis, vascular congestion, and intralobular hemorrhages. The GBA-induced reduction in lysozyme activity, complement C3, and nitric oxide levels, together with the downregulation of antioxidant genes (cat and sod), was significantly restored by dietary LIP. Meanwhile, adding LIP to the GBA-exposed fish diets significantly corrected the aberrant expression of hsp70, caspase- 3, P53, pcna, tnf-a, and il-1β in O. niloticus liver. Conclusively, dietary LIP supplementation could mitigate the harmful effects of GBA exposure on fish growth and performance, physiological conditions, innate immunity, antioxidant capability, inflammatory response, and cell apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walaa El-Houseiny
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt.
| | - Ahmed H Arisha
- Department of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr City, Cairo, Egypt; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Amany Behairy
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Mohamed M M Metwally
- Department of Pathology and Clinical pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, King Salman international University, Ras sidr, Egypt.; Department of pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig university, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | | | - Elsayed M Younis
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Simon J Davies
- Aquaculture Nutrition Research Unit ANRU, Carna Research Station, Ryan Institute, College of Science and Engineering, University of Galway, H91V8Y1 Galway, Ireland
| | - Bayan A Hassan
- Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Future University, Cairo 11835, Egypt
| | - Yasmina M Abd-Elhakim
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt.
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Ciji A, Tripathi PH, Pandey A, Akhtar MS. Expression of genes encoding non-specific immunity, anti-oxidative status and aquaporins in β-glucan-fed golden mahseer ( Tor putitora) juveniles under ammonia stress. FISH AND SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY REPORTS 2023; 4:100100. [PMID: 37397802 PMCID: PMC10313902 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsirep.2023.100100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The study investigated the effects of dietary administration of β-glucan on aquaporins and antioxidative & immune gene expression in endangered golden mahseer, Tor putitora juveniles, exposed to ammonia stress. For that, fish were fed experimental diets having 0 (control/basal), 0.25, 0.5, and 0.75% β-d-glucan for five weeks and then exposed to ammonia (10 mgL-1 total ammonia nitrogen) for 96 h. Administration of β-glucan differentially influenced the mRNA expression of aquaporins, anti-oxidative, and immune genes in ammonia-exposed fish. For instance, the transcript abundance of catalase and glutathione-s-transferase in gill varied significantly among the treatment groups, with the lowest levels in 0.75% β-glucan fed groups. At the same time, their hepatic mRNA expression was similar. Congruently, transcript abundance of inducible nitric oxide synthase considerably decreased in the β-glucan fed ammonia-challenged fish. Conversely, the relative mRNA expression of various immune genes viz., major histocompatibility complex, immunoglobulin light chain, interleukin 1-beta, toll-like receptors (tlr4 and tlr5) and complement component 3 remained largely unchanged in ammonia-exposed mahseer juveniles that were fed with graded levels of β-glucan. On the other hand, a significantly lower transcript level of aquaporins 1a and 3a was noticed in the gill of glucan-fed fish compared to ammonia-exposed fish that received the basal diet. However, branchial aquaporin 3b remained unaltered. Altogether, this study showed that dietary intake of 0.75% β-glucan improved resistance to ammonia stress to a certain degree, probably through activating anti-oxidative system and reducing brachial ammonia uptake.
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El-Houseiny W, Arisha AH, Metwally MMM, Abdel-Warith AWA, Younis EM, Davies SJ, Hassan BA, Abd-Elhakim YM. Alpha-lipoic acid suppresses gibberellic acid nephrotoxicity in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) via modulating oxidative stress, inflammation, cytokine production, and apoptosis. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 196:105598. [PMID: 37945227 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2023.105598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Globally, gibberellic acid (GA) is one of the extensively used plant growth regulators in agriculture. Yet, there is limited information about their toxicity to fish. Recently, alpha lipoic acid (ALA) has drawn much interest due to its antioxidant properties. This study was planned to determine whether ALA might protect Nile tilapia's kidneys from the toxic effects of GA and the probable underlying mechanisms. Thus, 240 Oreochromis niloticus fish (average initial weight 30.67 ± 0.57) were allocated into four groups received a basal diet or a basal diet supplemented with 600 mg/kg ALA or a basal diet but exposed to a GA (150 mg/L), or ALA-fortified diet and concurrently exposed to GA as previously described. After 60 days, hematological, oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation, stress indices, selected kidney toxic byproducts, histological investigations, and associated gene expression were assessed. Anemia, leukopenia, hypoproteinemia, and elevated kidney function indicators were noticed in the GA-treated group. Additionally, there were detectable cortisol, glucose, 8-OHdG, and MDA increases. However, there was a considerable drop in Cat, Sod, Gpx, GSH, and AChE levels. Structural damage to the kidneys was also identified. In the kidney of fish treated with GA, pro-inflammatory cytokines (tnfα, il-1β), stress, and apoptotic genes (hsp70, pcna, caspase-3, and p53) genes were markedly up-regulated, while anti-oxidative (cat, sod) gene expression was downregulated. Conversely, adding ALA to the diet abolished the GA-induced changes in most of the markers mentioned above. Conclusively, ALA protects against GA-induced hematotoxicity, oxidative damage, and nephrotoxic effects in Nile tilapia fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walaa El-Houseiny
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.
| | - Ahmed H Arisha
- Department of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr City, Cairo, Egypt; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
| | - Mohamed M M Metwally
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44511, Egypt
| | | | - Elsayed M Younis
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Simon J Davies
- Aquaculture Nutrition Research Unit ANRU, Carna Research Station, Ryan Institute, College of Science and Engineering, University of Galway, H91V8Y1 Galway, Ireland
| | - Bayan A Hassan
- Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Future University, Cairo 11835, Egypt
| | - Yasmina M Abd-Elhakim
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, 4511, Egypt.
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9
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Hwang IC, Vasquez R, Song JH, Engstrand L, Valeriano VD, Kang DK. Alterations in the gut microbiome and its metabolites are associated with the immune response to mucosal immunization with Lactiplantibacillus plantarum-displaying recombinant SARS-CoV-2 spike epitopes in mice. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1242681. [PMID: 37705931 PMCID: PMC10495993 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1242681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) expressing foreign antigens have great potential as mucosal vaccines. Our previous study reported that recombinant Lactiplantibacillus plantarum SK156 displaying SARS-CoV-2 spike S1 epitopes elicited humoral and cell-mediated immune responses in mice. Here, we further examined the effect of the LAB-based mucosal vaccine on gut microbiome composition and function, and gut microbiota-derived metabolites. Forty-nine (49) female BALB/c mice were orally administered L. plantarum SK156-displaying SARS-CoV-2 spike S1 epitopes thrice (at 14-day intervals). Mucosal immunization considerably altered the gut microbiome of mice by enriching the abundance of beneficial gut bacteria, such as Muribaculaceae, Mucispirillum, Ruminococcaceae, Alistipes, Roseburia, and Clostridia vadinBB60. Moreover, the predicted function of the gut microbiome showed increased metabolic pathways for amino acids, energy, carbohydrates, cofactors, and vitamins. The fecal concentration of short-chain fatty acids, especially butyrate, was also altered by mucosal immunization. Notably, alterations in gut microbiome composition, function, and butyrate levels were positively associated with the immune response to the vaccine. Our results suggest that the gut microbiome and its metabolites may have influenced the immunogenicity of the LAB-based SARS-CoV-2 vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- In-Chan Hwang
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Robie Vasquez
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hoon Song
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Lars Engstrand
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Centre for Translational Microbiome Research (CTMR), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Valerie Diane Valeriano
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Centre for Translational Microbiome Research (CTMR), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Dae-Kyung Kang
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
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10
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Buitrago Ramírez JR, Marreiro Gomes RM, de Sousa Araujo AC, Muñoz Buitrago SA, Piraine Souza J, Monserrat JM. The Effects of Lipoic Acid on Yolk Nutrient Utilization, Energy Metabolism, and Redox Balance over Time in Artemia sp. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1439. [PMID: 37507976 PMCID: PMC10376159 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12071439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipoic acid (LA) is a mitochondrial coenzyme that, depending on the concentration and exposure time, can behave as an antioxidant or pro-oxidant agent and has a proven ability to modulate metabolism by promoting lipid and glucose oxidation for energy production. To assess the effects of LA on energy metabolism and redox balance over time, Artemia sp. nauplii was used as an animal model. The administered concentrations of the antioxidant were 0.05, 0.1, 0.5, 1.0, 5.0, and 10.0 µM. Therefore, possible differences in protein, triglyceride, glucose, and lactate concentrations in the artemia samples and total ammoniacal nitrogen (TAN) in the culture water were evaluated. We also measured the effects of LA on in vivo activity of the electron transport system (ETS), antioxidant capacity, and production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) at 6, 12, 18, and 24 h post-hatching. There was a decrease in glucose concentration in the LA-treated animals, and a decrease in ammonia production was observed in the 0.5 µM LA treatment. ETS activity was positively regulated by the addition of LA, with the most significant effects at concentrations of 5.0 and 10.0 µM at 12 and 24 h. For ETS activity, treatments with LA presented the highest values at 24 h, a period when ROS production decreased significantly, for the treatment with 10.0 µM. LA showed positive regulation of energy metabolism together with a decrease in ROS and TAN excretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Rafael Buitrago Ramírez
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Aquicultura, Instituto de Oceanografia (IO), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande-FURG, Rua do Hotel, n° 2, Cassino, Rio Grande 96210-030, RS, Brazil
- Laboratório de Bioquímica Funcional de Organismos Aquáticos (BIFOA), Instituto de Oceanografia (IO), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande-FURG, Rua do Hotel, n° 2, Cassino, Rio Grande 96210-030, RS, Brazil
| | - Robson Matheus Marreiro Gomes
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Aquicultura, Instituto de Oceanografia (IO), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande-FURG, Rua do Hotel, n° 2, Cassino, Rio Grande 96210-030, RS, Brazil
- Laboratório de Bioquímica Funcional de Organismos Aquáticos (BIFOA), Instituto de Oceanografia (IO), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande-FURG, Rua do Hotel, n° 2, Cassino, Rio Grande 96210-030, RS, Brazil
| | - Alan Carvalho de Sousa Araujo
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Aquicultura, Instituto de Oceanografia (IO), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande-FURG, Rua do Hotel, n° 2, Cassino, Rio Grande 96210-030, RS, Brazil
- Laboratório de Bioquímica Funcional de Organismos Aquáticos (BIFOA), Instituto de Oceanografia (IO), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande-FURG, Rua do Hotel, n° 2, Cassino, Rio Grande 96210-030, RS, Brazil
| | - Sonia Astrid Muñoz Buitrago
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Aquicultura, Instituto de Oceanografia (IO), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande-FURG, Rua do Hotel, n° 2, Cassino, Rio Grande 96210-030, RS, Brazil
- Laboratório de Bioquímica Funcional de Organismos Aquáticos (BIFOA), Instituto de Oceanografia (IO), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande-FURG, Rua do Hotel, n° 2, Cassino, Rio Grande 96210-030, RS, Brazil
| | - Jean Piraine Souza
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Aquicultura, Instituto de Oceanografia (IO), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande-FURG, Rua do Hotel, n° 2, Cassino, Rio Grande 96210-030, RS, Brazil
- Laboratório de Bioquímica Funcional de Organismos Aquáticos (BIFOA), Instituto de Oceanografia (IO), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande-FURG, Rua do Hotel, n° 2, Cassino, Rio Grande 96210-030, RS, Brazil
| | - José María Monserrat
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Aquicultura, Instituto de Oceanografia (IO), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande-FURG, Rua do Hotel, n° 2, Cassino, Rio Grande 96210-030, RS, Brazil
- Laboratório de Bioquímica Funcional de Organismos Aquáticos (BIFOA), Instituto de Oceanografia (IO), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande-FURG, Rua do Hotel, n° 2, Cassino, Rio Grande 96210-030, RS, Brazil
- Instituto of Ciências Biológicas (ICB), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande-FURG, Av. Itália, Km 08, Rio Grande 96201-900, RS, Brazil
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11
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Liu YC, Limbu SM, Wang JG, Wang M, Chen LQ, Qiao F, Luo Y, Zhang ML, Du ZY. Dietary docosahexaenoic acid reduces fat deposition and alleviates liver damage induced by D-galactosamine and lipopolysaccharides in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2023; 268:109603. [PMID: 36906246 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2023.109603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
Abstract
Liver health is important to maintain survival and growth of fish. Currently, the role of dietary docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in improving fish liver health is largely unknown. This study investigated the role of DHA supplementation in fat deposition and liver damage caused by D-galactosamine (D-GalN) and lipopolysaccharides (LPS) in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Four diets were formulated as control diet (Con), Con supplemented with 1 % DHA, 2 % DHA and 4 % DHA diets, respectively. The diets were fed to 25 Nile tilapia (2.0 ± 0.1 g, average initial weight) in triplicates for four weeks. After the four weeks, 20 fish in each treatment were randomly selected and injected with a mixture of 500 mg D-GalN and 10 μL LPS per mL to induce acute liver injury. The results showed that the Nile tilapia fed on DHA diets decreased visceral somatic index, liver lipid content and serum and liver triglyceride concentrations than those fed on the Con diet. Moreover, after D-GalN/LPS injection, the fish fed on DHA diets decreased alanine aminotransferase and aspartate transaminase activities in the serum. The results of liver qPCR and transcriptomics assays together showed that the DHA diets feeding improved liver health by downregulating the expression of the genes related to toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling pathway, inflammation and apoptosis. This study indicates that DHA supplementation in Nile tilapia alleviates the liver damage caused by D-GalN/LPS through increasing lipid catabolism, decreasing lipogenesis, TLR4 signaling pathway, inflammation, and apoptosis. Our study provides novel knowledge on the role of DHA in improving liver health in cultured aquatic animals for sustainable aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Chan Liu
- LANEH, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Samwel Mchele Limbu
- Department of Aquaculture Technology, School of Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Technology, University of Dar es Salaam, P. O. Box 60091, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; UDSM-ECNU Joint Research Center for Aquaculture and Fish Biology (JRCAFB), Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Jin-Gang Wang
- LANEH, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Mai Wang
- LANEH, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Li-Qiao Chen
- LANEH, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Fang Qiao
- LANEH, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Yuan Luo
- LANEH, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Mei-Ling Zhang
- LANEH, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Zhen-Yu Du
- LANEH, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, PR China; ECNU-UDSM Joint Research Center for Aquaculture and Fish Biology (JRCAFB), Shanghai, PR China.
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12
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Tian J, Yang Y, Du X, Xu W, Zhu B, Huang Y, Ye Y, Zhao Y, Li Y. Effects of dietary soluble β-1,3-glucan on the growth performance, antioxidant status, and immune response of the river prawn (Macrobrachium nipponense). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 138:108848. [PMID: 37230308 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.108848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The effects of dietary β-1,3-glucan on the growth performance, body composition, hepatopancreas tissue structure, antioxidant activities, and immune response of the river prawn (Macrobrachium nipponense) were investigated. In total, 900 juvenile prawns were fed one of five diets with different contents of β-1,3-glucan (0%, 0.1%, 0.2%, and 1.0%) or 0.2% curdlan for 6 weeks. The growth rate, weight gain rate, specific growth rate, specific weight gain rate, condition factor, and hepatosomatic index of juvenile prawns fed 0.2% β-1,3-glucan were significantly higher than those fed 0% β-1,3-glucan and 0.2% curdlan (p < 0.05). The whole-body crude lipid content of prawns supplemented with curdlan and β-1,3-glucan was significantly higher than that of the control group (p < 0.05). The antioxidant and immune enzyme activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), catalase (CAT), lysozyme (LZM), phenoloxidase (PO), acid phosphatase (ACP), and alkaline phosphatase (AKP) in the hepatopancreas of juvenile prawns fed 0.2% β-1,3-glucan were significantly higher than those of the control and 0.2% curdlan groups (p < 0.05), and tended to increase and then decrease with increasing dietary β-1,3-glucan. The highest malondialdehyde (MDA) content was observed in juvenile prawns without β-1,3-glucan supplementation. The results of real-time quantitative PCR indicated that dietary β-1,3-glucan promoted expression of antioxidant and immune-related genes. Binomial fit analysis of weight gain rate and specific weight gain rate showed that the optimum β-1,3-glucan requirement of juvenile prawns was 0.550%-0.553%. We found that suitable dietary β-1,3-glucan improved juvenile prawns growth performance, antioxidant capacity, and non-specific immunity, which provide reference for shrimp healthy culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangtao Tian
- School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Ying Yang
- School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Xinglin Du
- School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Wenyue Xu
- School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Bihong Zhu
- School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Yizhou Huang
- School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Yucong Ye
- School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Yunlong Zhao
- School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China; State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China.
| | - Yiming Li
- Fishery Machinery and Instrument Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fisheries Sciences, Shanghai, 200092, China.
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13
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Li M, Fang Q, Xiu L, Yu L, Peng S, Wu X, Chen X, Niu X, Wang G, Kong Y. The molecular mechanisms of alpha-lipoic acid on ameliorating aflatoxin B 1-induced liver toxicity and physiological dysfunction in northern snakehead (Channa argus). AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2023; 257:106466. [PMID: 36871483 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2023.106466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
This research aimed to evaluate the protective mechanism of alpha-lipoic acid (α-LA) on the food-borne aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) exposure-induced liver toxicity and physiological dysfunction in the northern snakehead (Channa argus). 480 fish (9.24±0.01 g) were randomly assigned to four treatment groups and fed with four experimental diets for 56 d including the control group (CON), AFB1 group (200 ppb AFB1), 600 α-LA group (600 ppm α-LA+200 ppb AFB1), and 900 α-LA group (900 ppm α-LA+200 ppb AFB1). The results revealed that 600 and 900 ppm α-LA attenuated AFB1-induced growth inhibition and immunosuppression in northern snakehead. 600 ppm α-LA significantly decreased the serum aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase and lactate dehydrogenase levels, and AFB1 bioaccumulation, and attenuated the changes of hepatic histopathological and ultrastructure induced by AFB1. Moreover, 600 and 900 ppm α-LA significantly up-regulated phase I metabolism genes (cytochrome P450-1a, 1b, and 3a) mRNA expression, inhibited the levels of malondialdehyde, 8‑hydroxy-2 deoxyguanosine and reactive oxygen species in the liver. Notably, 600 ppm α-LA significantly up-regulated the expression levels of nuclear factor E2 related factor 2 and its related downstream antioxidant molecules (heme oxygenase 1 and NAD(P)H: quinone oxidoreductase 1, etc.), increased the phase II detoxification enzyme-related molecules (glutathione-S-transferase and glutathione), antioxidant parameters (catalase and superoxide dismutase, etc.), and the expressions of Nrf2 and Ho-1 protein in the presence of AFB1 exposure. Furthermore, 600 and 900 ppm α-LA significantly reduced the characteristic indices of AFB1-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress (glucose-regulated protein 78 and inositol requiring enzyme 1, etc.), apoptosis (caspase-3 and cytochrome c, etc.) and inflammation (nuclear factor kappa B and tumor necrosis factor α, etc.), while increased the B-cell lymphoma-2 and inhibitor of κBα in the liver after being exposed to AFB1. To summarize, the above results indicate that dietary α-LA could modulate the Nrf2 signaling pathway to ameliorate AFB1-induced growth inhibition, liver toxicity, and physiological dysfunction in northern snakehead. Although the concentration of α-LA increased to 900 ppm from 600 ppm, the protective effects of the 900 ppm α-LA do not show an advantage over the 600 ppm α-LA, and even show inferiority in some respects. So that the recommended concentration of α-LA is 600 ppm. The present study provides the theoretical foundation for developing α-LA as the prevention and treatment of AFB1-induced liver toxicity in aquatic animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Joint International Research Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Technology, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Animal Production, Product Quality and Security, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, PR. China
| | - Qiongya Fang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Joint International Research Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Technology, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Animal Production, Product Quality and Security, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, PR. China
| | - Lei Xiu
- Testing Center of Quality and Safety in Aquatic Product, Changchun 130118, PR. China
| | - Linhai Yu
- Testing Center of Quality and Safety in Aquatic Product, Changchun 130118, PR. China
| | - Sibo Peng
- Jilin Academy of Fishery Sciences, Changchun 130033, PR. China
| | - Xueqin Wu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Joint International Research Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Technology, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Animal Production, Product Quality and Security, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, PR. China
| | - Xiumei Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Joint International Research Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Technology, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Animal Production, Product Quality and Security, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, PR. China
| | - Xiaotian Niu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Joint International Research Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Technology, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Animal Production, Product Quality and Security, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, PR. China
| | - Guiqin Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Joint International Research Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Technology, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Animal Production, Product Quality and Security, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, PR. China.
| | - Yidi Kong
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Joint International Research Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Technology, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Animal Production, Product Quality and Security, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, PR. China.
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14
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Yang X, Zhang H, Pang F, Zhang L, Fu T, Wang L, Liu K, Gao T. Effects of α-lipoic acid on growth performance, antioxidant capacity, and immune function in sheep. J Anim Sci 2023; 101:skad092. [PMID: 36966425 PMCID: PMC10184686 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skad092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/27/2023] Open
Abstract
α-Lipoic acid (α-LA) was usually applied to improve the ability of removing the reactive oxygen species of host. The affection of α-LA on ruminants was mainly focused on the variation of serum antioxidant and immune indexes, but the research on tissues or organs remained limited. The aim of this study was to explore the effects of dietary supplementation with different levels of α-LA on growth performance, antioxidant status, and immune indexes of serum and tissues in sheep. One hundred Duhu F1 hybrid (Dupo♀ × Hu sheep♂) sheep aged 2 to 3 mo with similar body weight (27.49 ± 2.10 kg) were randomly allocated into five groups. Five diets supplemented with 0 (CTL), 300 (LA300), 450 (LA450), 600 (LA600), and 750 (LA750) mg/kg α-LA were fed to sheep for 60 d. The results showed that α-LA supplementation significantly increased the average daily feed intake (P < 0.05); however, no significant variation was found in the average daily gain, feed conversion rate, carcass weight, and slaughter rate among groups (P > 0.05). Compared with CTL group, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities in serum of LA600 and LA750 groups were increased (P < 0.05). At LA450-LA750 groups, SOD, CAT activities in liver and ileum tissues and GSH-Px activities in ileum tissues were increased than CTL group (P < 0.05), while malondialdehyde (MDA) contents in serum and muscle tissue were decreased than CTL group (P < 0.05). The total antioxidant capacity contents in liver, muscle, and ileum tissues of LA600 group were increased compared with CTL group (P < 0.05). Additionally, the interleukin-10 (IL-10) contents of serum in LA450-LA750 groups were increased than CTL group (P < 0.05); the contents of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) in serum, interleukin-2 (IL-2) in liver, and interleukin-6, IL-1β in muscle were decreased than CTL group (P < 0.05). The content of immunoglobulin A in serum of LA600 group, ileum, and muscle of LA750 group was increased than CTL group (P < 0.05). Based on the quadratic regression analysis of GSH-Px, MDA, IL-2, IL-10, and IL-1β, the optimal dietary α-LA levels were estimated to be 495.75, 571.43, 679.03, 749.75, and 678.25 mg/kg, respectively. This research will provide certain contribution for the effective utilization of α-LA in sheep production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinlu Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Nutrition Regulation and Ecological Raising of Domestic Animal, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Hongrui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Ruminant Molecular and Cellular Breeding, School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750000, China
| | - Fanglin Pang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Nutrition Regulation and Ecological Raising of Domestic Animal, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Lijie Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Nutrition Regulation and Ecological Raising of Domestic Animal, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Tong Fu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Nutrition Regulation and Ecological Raising of Domestic Animal, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Linfeng Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Nutrition Regulation and Ecological Raising of Domestic Animal, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Kaizhen Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Nutrition Regulation and Ecological Raising of Domestic Animal, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Tengyun Gao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Nutrition Regulation and Ecological Raising of Domestic Animal, Zhengzhou 450046, China
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15
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Fath El-Bab AF, Majrashi KA, Sheikh HM, Shafi ME, El-Ratel IT, Neamat-Allah ANF, El-Raghi AA, Elazem AYA, Abd-Elghany MF, Abdelnour SA, Abduh MS, Jaremko M, Naiel MAE. Dietary supplementation of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) with β-glucan and/or Bacillus coagulans: Synergistic impacts on performance, immune responses, redox status and expression of some related genes. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:1011715. [PMID: 36213404 PMCID: PMC9537821 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.1011715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A 14-week feeding study was conducted to assess the effects of feed supplementation with prebiotics β-glucan (BG group) and/or probiotics Bacillus coagulans (BC group) on O. niloticus growth performance, body analysis, intestinal structure, immunological response, and antioxidant status. The fish were equally divided into six groups, as follows: the fish group fed an un-supplemented diet served as a control group; the other fish groups were fed supplemented diets with 0.1 g β-glucan kg−1; 1 g Bacillus coagulans kg−1; 2 g B. coagulans kg−1; 0.1 g β-glucan combined with 1 g B. coagulans kg−1; 0.1 g β-glucan combined with 2 g B. coagulans kg−1. The findings revealed that supplementing B. coagulans and the β-glucan mixture improved growth performance and feed efficiency parameters (RGR and SGR) more than the other groups. The fish flesh analysis revealed increased crude protein and dry matter content and lower lipid and ash levels in the BG and BC supplemented groups than in the Control group. On the other hand, β-glucan and B. coagulans supplementation significantly boosted antioxidant activity and immunological responses in serum as determined by CAT, MDA, lysozyme, and phagocytic activity. Dietary β-glucan and B. coagulans supplementation remarkedly enhanced anterior intestine villus histomorphometry characteristics. Furthermore, B. coagulans, alone or in combination with β-glucan, could reduce HSP70 and IL-1β gene expression while increasing IL-8 and GH gene expression. According to the findings, B. coagulans and/or BG increased growth performance by increasing gut health and morphology. Furthermore, β-glucan and B. coagulans supplementation enhanced Tilapia's body composition, immunological responses, and antioxidant status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed F. Fath El-Bab
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Damietta University, Damietta, Egypt
| | - Kamlah A. Majrashi
- Biological Sciences Department, College of Science & Arts, King Abdulaziz University, Rabigh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Huda M. Sheikh
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Manal E. Shafi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Zoology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ibrahim T. El-Ratel
- Department of Poultry Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Damietta University, Damietta, Egypt
| | - Ahmed N. F. Neamat-Allah
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Ali A. El-Raghi
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Damietta University, Damietta, Egypt
| | - Amar Y. Abd Elazem
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Damietta University, Damietta, Egypt
| | - Mohamed F. Abd-Elghany
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Sameh A. Abdelnour
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Maisa S. Abduh
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mariusz Jaremko
- Smart-Health Initiative and Red Sea Research Center, Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed A. E. Naiel
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
- *Correspondence: Mohammed A. E. Naiel
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Casetta J, Gasparino E, Ornaghi MG, da Silva CI, Toma AI, Oliveira GG, Ramos TR, Lala B, Claudino-Silva S. Microencapsulated dietary supplementation coupled with sexual inversion improves the immune and antioxidant response of Nile tilapia larvae under stressful conditions. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 127:474-481. [PMID: 35792348 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.06.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In tilapia aquaculture, the cultivation of single-sex animals is extremely widespread, as it allows for the standardization of lots, in addition to improving the general performance of the animals. However, it is possible that hormonal inversion interacts with other factors, such as environmental and nutritional management, and modulates the immune response and antioxidant system of animals in a distinct manner. In order to test this hypothesis, an experiment was carried out using Nile tilapia larvae six days after hatching, divided into four experimental groups: NI (non-inverted animals), I (sexual inverted animals), NI + M (non-inverted supplemented with microencapsulated products) and I + M (sexual inverted and supplemented with microencapsulated products; half of which were subjected to transportation-related stress after 28 days of the experiment. At the end, the survival rate was evaluated; the gene expression of heat shock protein (HSP70), interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX 2) via RT-PCR; also evaluated were the activity of catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzymes, as well as the total antioxidant capacity by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH). Animals from the I and I + M groups had the highest survival rate (p < 0.001) regardless of transportation stress. The highest expressions of HSP70 were found in the NI group (p < 0.001, with and without transportation). For the IL-1β gene, there was an increase in expression for animals belonging to groups NI and NI + M (no transportation); and NI (p < 0.0001, with transportation). Increased COX 2 expression was observed for all groups after transportation (p < 0.0001). The highest SOD activities were observed in groups I and I + M (without transportation, p = 0.0004), and I (with transportation, p < 0.0001). The transportation decreased the total antioxidant capacity of DPPH in all treatments (p < 0.001). Finally, when evaluating all of the results together, we came to a conclusion that sex inversion improves the immune response and antioxidant profile of animals under stressful conditions when associated with microencapsulated dietary supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaísa Casetta
- Department of Animal Science, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Brazil
| | - Eliane Gasparino
- Department of Animal Science, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Brazil
| | - Mariana Garcia Ornaghi
- Technical Department, Research and Development, Safeeds Nutrição Animal Ltda, Cascavel, Brazil
| | | | - Anny Izumi Toma
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, UniCesumar, Maringá, Brazil
| | | | | | - Bruno Lala
- Department of Agronomy, Federal Rural University of Amazonia, Capitão Poço, Brazil; Department of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, São Paulo State University, Botucatu, Brazil.
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Li M, Wu X, Zou J, Lai Y, Niu X, Chen X, Kong Y, Wang G. Dietary α-lipoic acid alleviates deltamethrin-induced immunosuppression and oxidative stress in northern snakehead (Channa argus) via Nrf2/NF-κB signaling pathway. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 127:228-237. [PMID: 35738487 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.06.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The goal of the study was to determine the ameliorative effects of dietary alpha-lipoic acid (α-LA) on deltamethrin (DEL)-induced immunosuppression and oxidative stress in northern snakehead (Channa argus). The northern snakeheads (15.38 ± 0.09 g) were exposed to DEL (0.242 μg/L) and fed with diets supplemented α-LA at 300, 600, and 900 mg/kg. After the 28-day exposure test, we obtained the following results: i) α-LA alleviates DEL-induced liver injury by reversing the increase of the serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels and liver cytochrome P450 enzymes (Cytochrome P450 (cyp)1a and cyp1b) expression levels. ii) α-LA can reverse the DEL-induced reduction of serum complement 4 (C4), C3, immunoglobulin M (IgM), and lysozyme (LYS) levels and the increase of liver and intestine nuclear factor kappa B (nf-κb) p65, tumor necrosis factor (tnf)-α, interleukin (il)-1β, il-8, and il-6 gene expressions, while il-10 expression levels showed the opposite result. iii) α-LA reversed the reduction of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione (GSH), glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) levels in the liver and intestine induced by DEL, while malondialdehyde (MDA) showed the opposite result. iv) α-LA reversed the reduction of Cu/Zn sod, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (nrf2), NAD (P)H: quinone oxidoreductase (nqo)1, and heme oxygenase (ho)-1 antioxidant gene expression levels in the liver and intestine induced by DEL. Therefore, our study indicated that optimal α-LA (600 mg/kg) could attenuate DEL-induced toxicity (including liver damage, immunotoxicity, and oxidative stress) in northern snakehead via Nrf2/NF-κB signaling pathway. This is the first research that explores the alleviated effects of α-LA on DEL-induced toxicity damage in fish. This study provides a positive measure to reduce the toxicity damage caused by DEL to aquatic animals, and provides a theoretical basis for exploring the regulation mechanism of α-LA in toxic substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Li
- Joint Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Technology International Cooperation, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Animal Production, Product Quality and Security, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agriculture University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Xueqin Wu
- Joint Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Technology International Cooperation, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Animal Production, Product Quality and Security, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agriculture University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Jixing Zou
- South China Agricultural University, College of Marine Sciences, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Yingqian Lai
- Joint Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Technology International Cooperation, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Animal Production, Product Quality and Security, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agriculture University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Xiaotian Niu
- Joint Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Technology International Cooperation, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Animal Production, Product Quality and Security, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agriculture University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Xiumei Chen
- Joint Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Technology International Cooperation, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Animal Production, Product Quality and Security, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agriculture University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Yidi Kong
- Joint Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Technology International Cooperation, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Animal Production, Product Quality and Security, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agriculture University, Changchun, 130118, China.
| | - Guiqin Wang
- Joint Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Technology International Cooperation, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Animal Production, Product Quality and Security, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agriculture University, Changchun, 130118, China.
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18
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Li M, Kong Y, Lai Y, Wu X, Zhang J, Niu X, Wang G. The effects of dietary supplementation of α-lipoic acid on the growth performance, antioxidant capacity, immune response, and disease resistance of northern snakehead, Channa argus. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 126:57-72. [PMID: 35598741 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The study was the first time to explore the positive effects of α-LA on growth performance, antioxidant capability, immunity, and disease resistance of northern snakehead (Channa argus). Five hundred and forty northern snakehead fish (initial body weight: 8.74 ± 0.12 g (mean ± SE)) were randomly allocated into six groups with three replicates each. Six diets supplemented with α-LA at doses of 0 (CON), 300 (LA300), 600 (LA600), 900 (LA900), 1200 (LA1200), and 1500 (LA1500) mg/kg were fed to northern snakehead for 8 weeks. The results demonstrated that, when compared with the control group, optimal dietary α-LA increased the weight gain (WG), protein efficiency ratio (PER), and specific growth rate (SGR) and reduced the feed conversion ratio (FCR) of the fish (P < 0.05). Also, optimal dietary α-LA enhanced the immune-related parameters and antioxidant enzyme parameters levels in the head kidney, spleen, and liver of northern snakehead (P < 0.05). Dietary α-LA upregulated the mRNA expression levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines (il10 and tgfβ) and antioxidant related genes (gst, gsh-px, gr and Cu/Zn sod), down-regulated the pro-inflammatory cytokines (il1β, il8, il12 and tnfα) mRNA levels in the liver, spleen and head kidney of the northern snakehead (P < 0.05). The above results demonstrated that optimal dietary α-LA showed enhancement effects on the growth, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory capability, and immune response of northern snakehead. The survival rates in all α-LA treatments were significantly raised after the challenge with Aeromonas veronii (P < 0.05). Based on the quadratic regression analysis of WG, GSH-Px, LYS, and il1β, the optimal dietary α-LA levels were estimated to be 737.0, 775.0, 890.0, and 916.7 mg/kg, respectively. Considering the overall responses in growth performance, antioxidant status, immune response, and inflammatory factors, the recommended dose of α-LA in the diet of fish is 737.0-916.7 mg/kg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agriculture University, Changchun, 130118, China; Joint Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Technology International Cooperation, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, 130118, China; Ministry of Education Laboratory of Animal Production and Quality Security, Jilin Agriculture University, Changchun, 130118, China; Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Yidi Kong
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agriculture University, Changchun, 130118, China; Joint Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Technology International Cooperation, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, 130118, China; Ministry of Education Laboratory of Animal Production and Quality Security, Jilin Agriculture University, Changchun, 130118, China; Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China.
| | - Yingqian Lai
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agriculture University, Changchun, 130118, China; Joint Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Technology International Cooperation, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, 130118, China; Ministry of Education Laboratory of Animal Production and Quality Security, Jilin Agriculture University, Changchun, 130118, China; Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Xueqin Wu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agriculture University, Changchun, 130118, China; Joint Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Technology International Cooperation, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, 130118, China; Ministry of Education Laboratory of Animal Production and Quality Security, Jilin Agriculture University, Changchun, 130118, China; Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Jiawen Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agriculture University, Changchun, 130118, China; Joint Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Technology International Cooperation, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, 130118, China; Ministry of Education Laboratory of Animal Production and Quality Security, Jilin Agriculture University, Changchun, 130118, China; Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Xiaotian Niu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agriculture University, Changchun, 130118, China; Joint Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Technology International Cooperation, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, 130118, China; Ministry of Education Laboratory of Animal Production and Quality Security, Jilin Agriculture University, Changchun, 130118, China; Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Guiqin Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agriculture University, Changchun, 130118, China; Joint Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Technology International Cooperation, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, 130118, China; Ministry of Education Laboratory of Animal Production and Quality Security, Jilin Agriculture University, Changchun, 130118, China; Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China.
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Santos RA, Mariz-Ponte N, Martins N, Magalhães R, Jerusik R, Saavedra MJ, Peres H, Oliva-Teles A, Serra CR. In vitro modulation of gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata L.) leukocytes by Bacillus spp. extracellular molecules upon bacterial challenge. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 121:285-294. [PMID: 35007747 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Stimulation of the fish immune system using immunostimulants is an environmentally friendly strategy to minimize bacterial outbreaks in aquaculture. Different biological and synthetic immunostimulants can enhance non-specific innate immune responses by directly activating immune cells. An example are Bacillus spp., known for their immunostimulatory effects, although the exact mechanisms by which Bacillus spp. offer protection against diseases remains to be elucidated. Furthermore, most studies have focused on Bacillus spp. cells, while the immunostimulant effect of their extracellular metabolome, known to harbour biologically important metabolites, including antimicrobial molecules, has been scarcely evaluated. Here, we evaluated the in vitro immune-modulatory properties of extracellular extracts of three Bacillus spp. strains (B. subtilis FI314, B. vezelensis FI436 and B. pumilus FI464), previously isolated from fish-guts and characterized for their in vitro and in vivo antimicrobial activity against a wide range of fish pathogens. Bacillus spp. extracellular extracts did not affect immune cells viability, but remarkably increased pathogens' phagocytosis when seabream head-kidney leukocytes were challenged with Vibrio anguillarum and Edwardsiella tarda. All extracts significantly increased the engulfment of bacterial pathogens 1 h post-infection. Cells stimulated with the extracellular extracts showed an up-regulation of the expression of immune-relevant genes associated with inflammation, including IL-1β, IL-6, and COX-2. In cells challenged with E. tarda, FI314 extracellular extract significantly increased the expression of IL-1β, IL-6, and COX-2, while FI436 and FI464 significantly increased IL-6 expression. The results of this study revealed that the extracellular molecules from Bacillus spp. fish isolates improved the in vitro response of gilthead seabream immune cells and are thus promising candidates to act as immunostimulants, helping fish fight diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafaela A Santos
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, Ed. FC4, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal; CIIMAR - Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal; CITAB - Centro de Investigação e Tecnologias Agroambientais e Biológicas, Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Quinta de Prados, 5000-801, Vila Real, Portugal; CECAV - Centro de Ciência Animal e Veterinária, Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, P.O. Box 1013, 5001-801, Vila Real, Portugal.
| | - Nuno Mariz-Ponte
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, Ed. FC4, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal
| | - Nicole Martins
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, Ed. FC4, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal; CIIMAR - Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Rui Magalhães
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, Ed. FC4, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal; CIIMAR - Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Russell Jerusik
- Epicore Networks Inc., 4 Lina Lane, Eastampton, New Jersey, 08060, USA
| | - Maria J Saavedra
- CIIMAR - Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal; CITAB - Centro de Investigação e Tecnologias Agroambientais e Biológicas, Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Quinta de Prados, 5000-801, Vila Real, Portugal; CECAV - Centro de Ciência Animal e Veterinária, Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, P.O. Box 1013, 5001-801, Vila Real, Portugal; Departamento de Ciências Veterinárias, ECAV, Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Quinta de Prados, 5000-801, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Helena Peres
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, Ed. FC4, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal; CIIMAR - Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Aires Oliva-Teles
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, Ed. FC4, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal; CIIMAR - Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Cláudia R Serra
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, Ed. FC4, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal; CIIMAR - Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal.
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Akhtar MS, Tripathi PH, Pandey A, Ciji A. β-glucan modulates non-specific immune gene expression, thermal tolerance and elicits disease resistance in endangered Tor putitora fry challenged with Aeromonas salmonicida. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 119:154-162. [PMID: 34597814 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2021.09.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
An eight-week feeding trial was performed to assess the effect of different dietary levels (0, 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5%) of β-glucan (sourced from Saccharomyces cerevisiae) on growth, survival, immunological parameters (immune gene expression, lysozyme, and antiprotease), total antioxidant status, thermal tolerance, and disease resistance of Tor putitora fry. Feeding of moderate doses (0.5 and 1.0%) of β-glucan significantly improved survival but not weight gain percentage as compared to that received unsupplemented control and highest dose (1.5%) of glucan. Supplementation of β-glucan in diets differentially influenced the mRNA expression of cytokine and other immune genes. For instance, transcripts of cytokines such as tnf-α and il-1β were significantly upregulated, while ifn-γ and il-10 were unaffected by β-glucan intake. Also, the relative mRNA expression of tlr-5 and hepcidin1 along with lysozyme and antiprotease activities were remained largely unchanged by dietary glucan administration. In contrast, β-glucan induced mRNA expression of defensin1 and c3 while decreased the transcript level of mhc-1. On the other hand, dietary inclusion of β-glucan markedly improved total antioxidant levels and extended the thermal tolerance limits at both the ends, as shown by increased CTmax and lower CTmin than the control group. After feeding β-glucan for eight weeks, the fish were bath challenged with a bacterial pathogen, Aeromonas salmonicida. The challenge study results revealed that β-glucan intake improved most of the studied immune parameters, resulting in lower mortality. Overall, dietary inclusion of β-glucan (0.5-1.0%) was efficient in improving the immune responses, thermal tolerance, and disease resistance of T. putitora fry.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Akhtar
- ICAR-Directorate of Coldwater Fisheries Research, Anusandhan Bhawan, Bhimtal, 263136, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Priyanka H Tripathi
- ICAR-Directorate of Coldwater Fisheries Research, Anusandhan Bhawan, Bhimtal, 263136, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Anupam Pandey
- ICAR-Directorate of Coldwater Fisheries Research, Anusandhan Bhawan, Bhimtal, 263136, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Alexander Ciji
- ICAR-Directorate of Coldwater Fisheries Research, Anusandhan Bhawan, Bhimtal, 263136, Uttarakhand, India.
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Li M, Kong Y, Wu X, Yin Z, Niu X, Wang G. Dietary α-lipoic acid can alleviate the bioaccumulation, oxidative stress, cell apoptosis, and inflammation induced by lead (Pb) in Channa argus. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 119:249-261. [PMID: 34653663 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2021.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to evaluate the effects of dietary α-lipoic acid (α-LA) on bioaccumulation, oxidative stress, apoptosis, and inflammation in Channa argus after 28 d of lead (Pb) exposure. A total of 300 fish were divided into five groups: the first group was the control group and the other four groups were exposed to waterborne Pb (800 ppb) and fed α-LA diets supplemented with 0, 300, 600, and 900 mg/kg. The results demonstrated that dietary α-LA effectively reduced the Pb accumulation in the liver, kidney, gill, intestine, and muscle of C. argus after exposure to Pb. Meanwhile, dietary α-LA reversed alterations in the biochemical parameters (Alanine aminotransferase (ALT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), cortisol (COR), and creatinine (CRE)) and immunity parameters (myeloperoxidase (MPO), complement 3 (C3), lysozyme (LYS), complement 4 (C4), C-reactive protein (CRP), and immunoglobulin M (IgM)) in the serum of fish caused by Pb. Pb-induced reduction of antioxidant enzyme activities (Catalase (CAT), glutathione reductase (GR), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px)) was inhibited by dietary α-LA. And malondialdehyde (MDA) and protein carbonyl (PC) content exhibited an opposite trend. Meanwhile, dietary supplemented with α-LA was found to relieve Pb-induced oxidative stress by downregulating Keap1 mRNA expression levels and upregulating the expression levels of CAT, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), GSH-Px, and Cu/Zn SOD. Furthermore, α-LA supplementation reversed Pb-induced upregulation of pro-inflammatory genes (interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β, tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB)), Pro-apoptotic genes (Bcl-2-associated X (Bax), caspase (Cas)-3, and tumor protein p53 (p53)) and Hsp70, and downregulation of anti-inflammatory genes (IL-10, inhibitor of κBα (IκBα), and transforming growth factor β (TGF-β)) and anti-apoptosis gene (B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2)). Overall, dietary α-LA supplementation could enhance the innate immunity and antioxidant capacity of fish, attenuating the Pb accumulation, and cell apoptosis after being exposed to Pb. Furthermore, dietary α-LA could relieve Pb-induced inflammatory response and oxidative stress of fish via regulating NF-κB and Nrf2 signaling, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agriculture University, Changchun, 130118, China; Joint Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Technology International Cooperation, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, 130118, China; Ministry of Education Laboratory of Animal Production and Quality Security, Jilin Agriculture University, Changchun, 130118, China; Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Yidi Kong
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agriculture University, Changchun, 130118, China; Joint Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Technology International Cooperation, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, 130118, China; Ministry of Education Laboratory of Animal Production and Quality Security, Jilin Agriculture University, Changchun, 130118, China; Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Xueqin Wu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agriculture University, Changchun, 130118, China; Joint Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Technology International Cooperation, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, 130118, China; Ministry of Education Laboratory of Animal Production and Quality Security, Jilin Agriculture University, Changchun, 130118, China; Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Zhuang Yin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agriculture University, Changchun, 130118, China; Joint Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Technology International Cooperation, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, 130118, China; Ministry of Education Laboratory of Animal Production and Quality Security, Jilin Agriculture University, Changchun, 130118, China; Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Xiaotian Niu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agriculture University, Changchun, 130118, China; Joint Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Technology International Cooperation, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, 130118, China; Ministry of Education Laboratory of Animal Production and Quality Security, Jilin Agriculture University, Changchun, 130118, China; Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China.
| | - Guiqin Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agriculture University, Changchun, 130118, China; Joint Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Technology International Cooperation, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, 130118, China; Ministry of Education Laboratory of Animal Production and Quality Security, Jilin Agriculture University, Changchun, 130118, China; Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China.
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22
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β-glucan as a promising food additive and immunostimulant in aquaculture industry. ANNALS OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.2478/aoas-2021-0083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The use of antibiotics in aquatic feed reduces the incidence of disease and enhances growth performance, although it presents harmful effects, such as development of resistant bacteria and accumulation in the natural environment. A variety of immune stimulants including probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, phytobiotics, organic acids, nucleotides, antioxidants, microalgae, yeast and enzymes have been used in the aquaculture industry. In recent decades, much attention has been paid on finding a variety of immunostimulants with lower cost which also affect specific and non-specific immunity and improve fish resistance against a wide range of pathogens. These stimulants strengthen the fish’s immune system by increasing the number of phagocytes, lysozyme activity and level of immunoglobulin. The use of immune stimulants as an effective tool to overcome diseases and strengthen the immune system of farmed species, leads to the promotion of cellular and humoral defense mechanisms and increases resistance to infectious diseases. Among these immunostimulants used in aquaculture, β-glucans are of particular importance. Glucans are complex polysaccharide compounds extracted from the cell wall of yeasts and fungi. These compounds can stimulate fish growth, survival, and immune function. Therefore, this review discusses the role and importance of β-glucan as a food additive in aquaculture and examines the impact of these compounds on the growth performance, immunity and biochemical parameters of farmed species.
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23
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Xu C, Suo Y, Wang X, Qin JG, Chen L, Li E. Recovery from Hypersaline-Stress-Induced Immunity Damage and Intestinal-Microbiota Changes through Dietary β-glucan Supplementation in Nile tilapia ( Oreochromis niloticus). Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10122243. [PMID: 33265935 PMCID: PMC7761230 DOI: 10.3390/ani10122243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Long-term hypersaline stress can induce coagulation disorders and splenomegaly and down-regulate the complement pathway in tilapia, which can increase risk in healthy breeding. As a prebiotic, β-glucan dietary supplementation can significantly reduce enlarged spleen resulting from hypersaline stress. The hematological aspects of the red blood cell count, hematocrit, red cell distribution width, platelet count, and plateletcrit were also decreased by supplementation with dietary β-glucan. In the spleen and intestine, β-glucan intake significantly decreased the high expression of immune-related genes due to hypersaline stress resulting from β-glucan intake in tilapia. β-glucan supplementation also significantly increased the abundance of beneficial microbiota such as Lactobacillus, Phycicoccus, and Rikenellaceae in the intestine. In summary, β-glucan intake can relieve tissue damage and optimize the intestinal microbiota of tilapia in brackish water and improve fish health. Abstract Long-term exposure to hyperosmotic environments can induce severe immune damage and increase risk in tilapia breeding. As an effective immunoregulator, β-glucan has attracted extensive attention in nutritional research and given rise to high expectations of improving health status and alleviating organismal damage in tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus, in brackish water. In this study, an 8-week cultivation experiment was conducted on tilapia fed a basal diet or diets with β-glucan supplementation in freshwater (control) and brackish water. Growth performance, hematological aspects, immune cytokine expression, and the intestinal microbiota of tilapia were analyzed. The results indicated that supplementation with β-glucan significantly reduced the enlarged spleen of tilapia resulting from hypersaline stress. Tilapia fed β-glucan showed significantly-greater decreases in the red blood cell count, hematocrit, red cell distribution width, platelet count, and plateletcrit than those fed the basal diet. β-glucan significantly decreased the high expression of immune-related genes in the spleen induced by hyperosmotic stress. In the intestine, the high migration inhibitory factor-2 (MIF-2) and IL-1β gene expression induced by hypersaline stress was significantly reduced. β-glucan supplementation also significantly increased the abundance of beneficial microbiota such as Lactobacillus, Phycicoccus, and Rikenellaceae. Therefore, dietary β-glucan supplementation can significantly reduce spleen enlargement and improve immune function in tilapia in brackish water. β-glucan intake can also optimize the intestinal microbiota of tilapia in brackish water and improve fish health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Hydrobiology and Biotechnology of Hainan Province, Hainan Aquaculture Breeding Engineering Research Center, College of Marine Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China;
- School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; (Y.S.); (X.W.); (L.C.)
| | - Yantong Suo
- School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; (Y.S.); (X.W.); (L.C.)
| | - Xiaodan Wang
- School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; (Y.S.); (X.W.); (L.C.)
| | - Jian G Qin
- School of Biological Sciences, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia;
| | - Liqiao Chen
- School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; (Y.S.); (X.W.); (L.C.)
| | - Erchao Li
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Hydrobiology and Biotechnology of Hainan Province, Hainan Aquaculture Breeding Engineering Research Center, College of Marine Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China;
- School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; (Y.S.); (X.W.); (L.C.)
- Correspondence:
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24
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Neamat‐Allah ANF, Abd El Hakim Y, Mahmoud EA. Alleviating effects of β‐glucan in Oreochromis niloticuson growth performance, immune reactions, antioxidant, transcriptomics disorders and resistance to Aeromonas sobriacaused by atrazine. AQUACULTURE RESEARCH 2020; 51:1801-1812. [DOI: 10.1111/are.14529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed N. F. Neamat‐Allah
- Department of Clinical Pathology Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Zagazig University Zagazig City Sharkia Province Egypt
| | - Yasser Abd El Hakim
- Department of Fish Diseases and Management Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Zagazig University Zagazig City Sharkia Province Egypt
| | - Essam A. Mahmoud
- Department of Clinical Pathology Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Zagazig University Zagazig City Sharkia Province Egypt
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25
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Sabioni RE, Zanuzzo FS, Gimbo RY, Urbinati EC. β-Glucan enhances respiratory activity of leukocytes suppressed by stress and modulates blood glucose levels in pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus). FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2020; 46:629-640. [PMID: 31840217 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-019-00739-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We evaluated the immune response of pacu fed with a β-glucan diet (0.5%) for 10 days. After the feeding period, fish were subjected to handling and 3 h after, inoculated with Aeromonas hydrophila. Fish were sampled before handling (baseline condition), 3, 6, and 24 h and 1 week after inoculation. A higher level of blood glucose was found in fish treated with β-glucan in baseline conditions. Handling and bacterial inoculation increased the circulating levels of cortisol and glucose and promoted the acute inflammatory response (lymphopenia and neutrophilia). β-Glucan prevented the decrease in the respiratory activity of leukocytes observed in the control group at 3 h sampling. β-Glucan did not affect the complement and lysozyme, which were activated 24 h after the bacterial challenge in control fish. A reduction in the number of leukocytes was found in fish treated with β-glucan 1 week after the challenge. We suggest two plausible hypotheses for this event: (1) it could be attributed to a depletion of the immune responses or (2) it could be due to a mobilization of the leukocytes to the spleen for antigen presenting/processing. In general, β-glucan avoided the reduction of the activity of leukocytes after stress and the bacterial challenge and increased the baseline glucose levels. Our findings confirm the immunomodulatory action of glucan and add evidence showing that glucan can have a role in stress response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Estevan Sabioni
- Centro de Aquicultura da UNESP (CAUNESP), Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castelane, Jaboticabal, Sao Paulo, 14884-900, Brazil.
| | - Fábio Sabbadin Zanuzzo
- Centro de Aquicultura da UNESP (CAUNESP), Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castelane, Jaboticabal, Sao Paulo, 14884-900, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Yukihiro Gimbo
- Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castelane, Jaboticabal, Sao Paulo, 14884-900, Brazil
| | - Elisabeth Criscuolo Urbinati
- Centro de Aquicultura da UNESP (CAUNESP), Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castelane, Jaboticabal, Sao Paulo, 14884-900, Brazil
- Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castelane, Jaboticabal, Sao Paulo, 14884-900, Brazil
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26
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Costa NCS, Piccoli JP, Santos-Filho NA, Clementino LC, Fusco-Almeida AM, De Annunzio SR, Fontana CR, Verga JBM, Eto SF, Pizauro-Junior JM, Graminha MAS, Cilli EM. Antimicrobial activity of RP-1 peptide conjugate with ferrocene group. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0228740. [PMID: 32214347 PMCID: PMC7098557 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0228740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Parasitic diseases are a neglected and serious problem, especially in underdeveloped countries. Among the major parasitic diseases, Leishmaniasis figures as an urgent challenge due to its high incidence and severity. At the same time, the indiscriminate use of antibiotics by the population is increasing together with resistance to medicines. To address this problem, new antibiotic-like molecules that directly kill or inhibit the growth of microorganisms are necessary, where antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) can be of great help. In this work, the ferrocene molecule, one active compound with low levels of in vivo toxicity, was coupled to the N-terminus of the RP1 peptide (derived from the human chemokine CXCL4), aiming to evaluate how this change modifies the structure, biological activity, and toxicity of the peptide. The peptide and the conjugate were synthesized using the solid phase peptide synthesis (SPPS). Circular dichroism assays in PBS showed that the RP1 peptide and its conjugate had a typical spectrum for disordered structures. The Fc-RP1 presented anti-amastigote activity against Leishmania amazonensis (IC50 = 0.25 μmol L–1). In comparison with amphotericin B, a second-line drug approved for leishmaniasis treatment, (IC50 = 0.63 μmol L-1), Fc-RP1 was more active and showed a 2.5-fold higher selectivity index. The RP1 peptide presented a MIC of 4.3 μmol L-1 against S. agalactiae, whilst Fc-RP1 was four times more active (MIC = 0.96 μmol L-1), indicating that ferrocene improved the antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive bacteria. The Fc-RP1 peptide also decreased the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) in the assays against E. faecalis (MIC = 7.9 μmol L-1), E. coli (MIC = 3.9 μmol L-1) and S. aureus (MIC = 3.9 μmol L-1). The cytotoxicity of the compounds was tested against HaCaT cells, and no significant activity at the highest concentration tested (500 μg. mL-1) was observed, showing the high potential of this new compound as a possible new drug. The coupling of ferrocene also increased the vesicle permeabilization of the peptide, showing a direct relation between high peptide concentration and high carboxyfluorescein release, which indicates the action mechanism by pore formation on the vesicles. Several studies have shown that ferrocene destabilizes cell membranes through lipid peroxidation, leading to cell lysis. It is noteworthy that the Fc-RP1 peptide synthesized here is a prototype of a bioconjugation strategy, but it still is a compound with great biological activity against neglected and fish diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia C. S. Costa
- Department of Biochemistry and Technological Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil
- Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Julia P. Piccoli
- Department of Biochemistry and Technological Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Norival A. Santos-Filho
- Department of Biochemistry and Technological Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Leandro C. Clementino
- Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Ana M. Fusco-Almeida
- Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Sarah R. De Annunzio
- Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Carla R. Fontana
- Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Juliane B. M. Verga
- Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Silas F. Eto
- Faculty of Agrarian and Veterinary Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil
| | - João M. Pizauro-Junior
- Faculty of Agrarian and Veterinary Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Marcia A. S. Graminha
- Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil
- * E-mail: (EMC); (MASG)
| | - Eduardo M. Cilli
- Department of Biochemistry and Technological Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil
- * E-mail: (EMC); (MASG)
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27
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Dawood MAO, Moustafa EM, Elbialy ZI, Farrag F, Lolo EEE, Abdel-Daim HA, Abdel-Daim MM, Van Doan H. Lactobacillus plantarum L-137 and/or β-glucan impacted the histopathological, antioxidant, immune-related genes and resistance of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) against Aeromonas hydrophila. Res Vet Sci 2020; 130:212-221. [PMID: 32203766 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2020.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2019] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
A trial was operated to assess the potential of using Lactobacillus plantarum L-137 (L-137) and/or β-glucan (BG) in improving the resistance of Nile tilapia against Aeromonas hydrophila. Control diet and 3 diets supplemented with L-137, BG or L-137 + BG were prepared. Final body weight, specific growth rate, superoxide dismutase, and catalase showed considerably (P < .05) increased values in L-137 or L-137/BG groups, while glutathione peroxidase increased significantly (P < .05) only in L-137/BG group. Fish fed L-137 and/or BG diets showed that feed conversion ratio and malonaldehyde levels were significantly decreased (P < .05). Also, both L-137 and BG helped Nile tilapia to have high phagocytosis activity and relative expression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β) and interferon-gamma (INF-γ) genes. After A. hydrophila challenge, the intestinal villi epithelium of the L-137/BG group was intact and denser than the other groups. The hepatopancreas and spleen of the control group displayed severe necrosis in hepatocytes and congestion of blood sinusoids in addition to diffuse vacuolation. Regarding the L-137, BG and L-137/BG groups, there was a moderate and normal degree of vacuolation with focal necrosis and mild to moderate degree of congestion of blood sinusoids. Red blood cells, hemoglobin, and albumin showed meaningfully (P < .05) increased values in L-137 or L-137/BG groups. TNF-α, IL-1β, and INF-γ expressions were upregulated by L-137 and/or BG. The obtained results revealed the ability of L-137 and/or BG to protect Nile tilapia from the effects of A. hydrophila infection by the motivation of the immune, antioxidative, and antiinflammation responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud A O Dawood
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, 33516 Kafrelsheikh, Egypt.
| | - Eman Moustafa Moustafa
- Department of Fish Diseases and Management, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, 33516 Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
| | - Zizy I Elbialy
- Fish Processing and Biotechnology Department, Faculty of Aquatic and Fisheries Sciences, Kafrelsheikh University, 33516 Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
| | - Foad Farrag
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, 33516 Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
| | - Emad E E Lolo
- Faculty of Aquatic and Fisheries Sciences, Kafrelsheikh University, 33516 Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
| | - Hanaa A Abdel-Daim
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, 33516 Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
| | - Mohamed M Abdel-Daim
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
| | - Hien Van Doan
- Department of Animal and Aquatic Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; Innoviative Agriculture Research Center, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand..
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28
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Abdelhamid FM, Elshopakey GE, Aziza AE. Ameliorative effects of dietary Chlorella vulgaris and β-glucan against diazinon-induced toxicity in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 96:213-222. [PMID: 31821844 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Revised: 11/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The present study was carried out to investigate the toxic effects of diazinon on growth performance, hepato-renal function, antioxidant system, innate immune response and comparing the protective role of dietary Chlorella vulgaris (CV) algae and β-glucan in intoxicated Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). One hundred and eighty healthy Nile tilapia (20 ± 6.1 g) were distributed equally into four groups; control group, DZN group (0.28 mg/L), DZN-CV group (5% CV) and DZN-β-glucan group (0.1% β-glucan) and treatments conducted for about 60 days. The results revealed that administration of DZN significantly increased serum liver enzymes, uric acid, creatinine, and malondialdehyde (MDA) in different tissues. Meanwhile, glutathione (GSH) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in different tissues, as well as IgM, C-reactive protein (CRP), respiratory burst, lysozyme and bactericidal activities were significantly decreased in DZN group. In addition, expression of TNF-α gene was up-regulated and IL-10 was down-regulated in spleen of DZN intoxicated fish. The treatment of DZN exposed fish with CV and β-glucan supplemented diets ameliorated hepatic damage and enhanced antioxidant activity and innate immune responses. Furthermore, dietary Chlorella vulgaris and β-glucan have a potent anti-inflammatory effect as they remarkably increased the expression of IL-10 and decreased TNF-α gene expression. The results also revealed that fish in DZN-CV group had the highest survival rate, final body weight (FBW) and body weight gain (BWG). On the other hand, feed conversion ratio (FCR), specific growth rate (SGR), and protein efficiency ratio (PER) of control, DZN-CV, and DZN- β-glucan were higher than DZN group. However, the hepatosomatic index (HSI) and spleen-somatic index (SSI) were higher in DZN group than other experimental groups. Overall, CV and β-glucan can be recommended as a feed supplement to improve immunosuppression, oxidative damage, growth performance and hemato-biochemical alterations induced by DZN toxicity in Nile tilapia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma M Abdelhamid
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura, University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Gehad E Elshopakey
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura, University, Mansoura, Egypt.
| | - Abeer E Aziza
- Department of Nutrition and Nutritional Deficiency Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
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29
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Luo Y, Zhang YN, Zhang H, Lv HB, Zhang ML, Chen LQ, Du ZY. PPARα activation enhances the ability of nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) to resist Aeromonas hydrophila infection. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 94:675-684. [PMID: 31563556 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.09.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) plays critical physiological roles in energy metabolism, antioxidation and immunity of mammals, however, these functions have not been fully understood in fish. In the present study, Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) were fed with fenofibrate, an agonist of PPARα, for six weeks, and subsequently challenged with Aeromonas hydrophila. The results showed that PPARα was efficiently activated by fenofibrate through increasing mRNA and protein expressions and protein dephosphorylation. PPARα activation increased significantly mitochondrial fatty acid β-oxidation efficiency, the copy number of mitochondrial DNA and expression of monoamine oxidase (MAO), a marker gene of mitochondria. Meanwhile, PPARα activation also increased significantly the expression of NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1α subcomplex subunit 9 (NDUFA9, complex I) and mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase 1 (MTCO1, complex IV). The fenofibrate-fed fish had higher survival rate when exposed to A. hydrophila. Moreover, the fenofibrate-fed fish also had higher activities of immune and antioxidative enzymes, and gene expressions of anti-inflammatory cytokines, while had lower expressions of pro-inflammatory cytokine genes. Taken together, PPARα activation improved the ability of Nile tilapia to resist A. hydrophila, mainly through enhancing mitochondrial fatty acids β-oxidation, immune and antioxidant capacities, as well as inhibiting inflammation. This is the first study showing the regulatory effects of PPARα activation on immune functions through increasing mitochondria-mediated energy supply in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Luo
- Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Environmental Health (LANEH), School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yun-Ni Zhang
- Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Environmental Health (LANEH), School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Han Zhang
- Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Environmental Health (LANEH), School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong-Bo Lv
- Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Environmental Health (LANEH), School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mei-Ling Zhang
- Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Environmental Health (LANEH), School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Li-Qiao Chen
- Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Environmental Health (LANEH), School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Zhen-Yu Du
- Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Environmental Health (LANEH), School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China.
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