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Cao L, Wan L, Cao L, Min Z, Zhou Y, Cao X, Song C. Optimal balance of organic detritus and feed for fish growth and water quality improvement through regulating nutrients cycling. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 262:119882. [PMID: 39278584 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.119882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2024] [Revised: 08/16/2024] [Accepted: 08/28/2024] [Indexed: 09/18/2024]
Abstract
In order to explore the effects of different feed composition on the nutrient level and microbial loop structure in aquaculture ponds, a field simulation experiment in aquaculture ponds was conducted by adding different proportions (0%, 20%, 40% and 60%) of bagasse to fish feed for combined feeding. The addition of bagasse significantly reduced the levels of various forms of nitrogen and phosphorus in the water, especially with the addition of 60% bagasse. In the treatments without addition and with 20% bagasse added, nitrogen and phosphorus levels remained relatively high, which should be attributed to the decomposition of feed and the release of sediment, ultimately stimulating the abundant reproduction of algae. Bacterial growth was limited due to insufficient supply of organic carbon, and the growth of fish relied more on the components of the feed. With the addition of 60% bagasse, the high organic carbon and low nitrogen and phosphorus levels could not support the growth of phytoplankton, bacteria, and zooplankton. It is inferred that organic carbon may be more degraded into carbon dioxide, ultimately limiting the growth of fish. Adding 40% bagasse achieved a balanced level of carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus, establishing a healthy and stable microbial loop structure (including phytoplankton, bacteria, and zooplankton). Most nutrients were converted into plankton, which then became natural food for fish, ensuring complete nutrient utilization. This is beneficial for both water quality improvement and fish reproduction. Therefore, adding a moderate proportion of bagasse to the feed can maximize the effects of water quality improvement, fish reproduction, and even the quality of fish meat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Cao
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7# Donghu South Road, Wuhan, 430072, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, PR China.
| | - Lingling Wan
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7# Donghu South Road, Wuhan, 430072, PR China.
| | - Lingfeng Cao
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7# Donghu South Road, Wuhan, 430072, PR China.
| | - Zhicheng Min
- Hubei Qirun Construction of Ecology Co., Ltd, Wuhan, 430000, PR China.
| | - Yiyong Zhou
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7# Donghu South Road, Wuhan, 430072, PR China.
| | - Xiuyun Cao
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7# Donghu South Road, Wuhan, 430072, PR China.
| | - Chunlei Song
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7# Donghu South Road, Wuhan, 430072, PR China.
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Vijayaram S, Sinha R, Faggio C, Ringø E, Chou CC. Biopolymer encapsulation for improved probiotic delivery: Advancements and challenges. AIMS Microbiol 2024; 10:986-1023. [PMID: 39628726 PMCID: PMC11609427 DOI: 10.3934/microbiol.2024043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2024] [Revised: 09/27/2024] [Accepted: 10/22/2024] [Indexed: 12/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Probiotics, known for their health benefits as living microorganisms, hold significant importance across various fields, including agriculture, aquaculture, nutraceuticals, and pharmaceuticals. Optimal delivery and storage of probiotic cells are essential to maximize their effectiveness. Biopolymers, derived from living sources, plants, animals, and microbes, offer a natural solution to enhance probiotic capabilities and they possess distinctive qualities such as stability, flexibility, biocompatibility, sustainability, biodegradability, and antibacterial properties, making them ideal for probiotic applications. These characteristics create optimal environments for the swift and precisely targeted delivery of probiotic cells that surpass the effectiveness of unencapsulated probiotic cells. Various encapsulation techniques using diverse biopolymers are employed for this purpose. These techniques are not limited to spray drying, emulsion, extrusion, spray freeze drying, layer by layer, ionic gelation, complex coacervation, vibration technology, electrospinning, phase separation, sol-gel encapsulation, spray cooling, fluidized, air suspension coating, compression coating, co-crystallization coating, cyclodextrin inclusion, rotating disk, and solvent evaporation methods. This review addresses the latest advancements in probiotic encapsulation materials and techniques, bridging gaps in our understanding of biopolymer-based encapsulation systems. Specifically, we address the limitations of current encapsulation methods in maintaining probiotic viability under extreme environmental conditions and the need for more targeted and efficient delivery mechanisms. Focusing on the interactions between biopolymers and probiotics reveals how customized encapsulation approaches can enhance probiotic stability, survival, and functionality. Through detailed comparative analysis of the effectiveness of various encapsulation methods, we identify key strategies for optimizing probiotic deployment in challenging conditions such as high-temperature processing, acidic environments, and gastrointestinal transit. The findings presented in this review highlight the superior performance of novel encapsulation methods using biopolymer blends and advanced technologies like electrospinning and layer-by-layer assembly, which provide enhanced protection and controlled release of probiotics by offering insights into the development of more robust encapsulation systems that ensure the sustained viability and bioavailability of probiotics, thus advancing their application across multiple industries. In conclusion, this paper provides the foundation for future research to refine encapsulation techniques to overcome the challenges of probiotic delivery in clinical and commercial settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srirengaraj Vijayaram
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung-Hsing University, 145 Xingda Rd. Taichung, 40227, Taiwan
| | - Reshma Sinha
- Department of Animal Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Himachal Pradesh, Kangra, 176206, India
| | - Caterina Faggio
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno d'Alcontres, 31, 98166 S. Agata-Messina, Italy
| | - Einar Ringø
- Norwegian College of Fishery Science, Faculty of Bioscience, Fisheries, and Economics, UiT the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, 9037, Norway
| | - Chi-Chung Chou
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung-Hsing University, 145 Xingda Rd. Taichung, 40227, Taiwan
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Jindal R, Sharma R, Kaur P, Kaur S, Multisanti CR, Faggio C. Mitigation of haemato-genotoxic and stress response effects in Cyprinus carpio via silymarin dietary supplementation following deltamethrin exposure. Heliyon 2024; 10:e28419. [PMID: 38590886 PMCID: PMC10999925 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e28419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
The study examined the potential of Silymarin, a blend of bioactive flavonolignans extracted from the milk thistle Silybum marianum, to mitigate Deltamethrin-induced toxicity in the blood of Cyprinus carpio. Fish were exposed to Deltamethrin (0.66 μg/L), the plant extract, or a combination of both for a duration of thirty days. Various parameters, including serum biochemical markers, erythrocytic abnormalities, and genotoxicity endpoints, were assessed. Results indicated a significant (p < 0.05) increase in the levels of AST, ALT, ALP, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, glucose, cholesterol, and TLC in the fish exposed to the pesticide. Conversely, total protein, TEC, and Hb showed a notable decrease. There was also a notable rise in micronuclei and erythrocytic abnormalities such as acanthocytes, microcytes, and notched cells. Under ultrastructural examination, phenotypic deformities like spherocytosis, discocytes, and clumped erythrocytes were observed. However, dietary supplementation of silymarin (1 g/kg) significantly restored the biochemical, genetic, and cellular parameters, resembling those of the control group. This suggests the potential of this plant extract in protecting the common carp, Cyprinus carpio, from Deltamethrin-induced damage by scavenging free radicals and reducing DNA oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajinder Jindal
- Aquatic Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Ritu Sharma
- Department of Hepatology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Parminder Kaur
- Department of Biosciences, University Institute of Biotechnology, Chandigarh University, Punjab, India
| | - Sukhmani Kaur
- Department of Environment Studies, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | | | - Caterina Faggio
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences University of Messina-Italy Messina, Italy
- Department of Eco-sustainable Marine Biotechnology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Naples, Italy
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Ghafarifarsani H, Hoseinifar SH, Raeeszadeh M, Vijayaram S, Rohani MF, Van Doan H, Sun YZ. Comparative Effect of Chemical and Green Zinc Nanoparticles on the Growth, Hematology, Serum Biochemical, Antioxidant Parameters, and Immunity in Serum and Mucus of Goldfish, Carassius auratus (Linnaeus, 1758). Biol Trace Elem Res 2024; 202:1264-1278. [PMID: 37434037 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-023-03753-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
Recently, nano feed supplement research has great attention to improving healthy aquatic production and improving the aquatic environment. With the aims of the present study, chemical and green synthesized nanoparticles are characterized by various instrumentation analyses, namely UV-Vis spectrophotometry (UV-Vis), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infra-red (FTIR) spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscope (SEM). After characterization analysis of these nanoparticles utilized in aquatic animals, the composition ratio is as follows: controls (without ZnO-NPs (0 mg/L)), T1 (0.9 mg/L ZnO-NPs), T2 (1.9 mg/L ZnO-NPs), T3 (0.9 mg/L GZnO-NPs), T4 (1.9 mg/L GZnO-NPs). SEM investigation report demonstrates that the structure of the surface of green synthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles (GZnO-NPs) was conical shape and the size ranging was from 60 to 70 nm. Concerning hematological parameters, the quantity of hemoglobin increased in different doses of green zinc nanoparticles, but the values of MCV and MCH decreased somewhat. However, this decrease was the highest in the T2 group. Total protein and albumin decreased in T2 and triglyceride, cholesterol, glucose, cortisol, creatinine, and urea increased, while in T3 and T4 groups, changes in biochemical parameters were evaluated as positive. Mucosal and serum immunological parameters in the T2 group showed a significant decrease compared to other groups. In zinc nanoparticles, with increasing dose, oxidative damage is aggravated, so in the T2 group, a decrease in antioxidant enzymes and an increase in MDA were seen compared to other groups. In this regard, the concentration of liver enzymes AST and ALT increased in the T2 group compared with control and other groups. This can confirm liver damage in this dose compared with control and other groups. This research work suggests that green synthesized form of zinc nanoparticles in higher doses have less toxic effects in comparison to the chemical form of zinc nanoparticles and can act as suitable nutrient supplements in aquatic animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamed Ghafarifarsani
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Natural Resources, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran.
| | - Seyed Hossein Hoseinifar
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Mahdieh Raeeszadeh
- Department of Basic Sciences, Sanandaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sanandaj, Iran
| | | | - Md Fazle Rohani
- Department of Aquaculture, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Hien Van Doan
- Department of Animal and Aquatic Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
- Functional Feed Innovation Center, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Yun-Zhang Sun
- Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China.
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Hoseini M, Paknejad H, Sudagar M, Anvarifar H, Shekarabi SPH. Nucleotides supplementation (Nucleoforce fish™) in Caspian roach (Rutilus caspicus) diet: Growth performance, skin mucosal immune response, and resistance to salinity stress. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2024; 146:109381. [PMID: 38246268 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2024.109381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
In this study, the growth, epidermal mucosal immunity, expression of growth-related genes, cross-protection, and resistance to salinity stress of Caspian roach were scrutinized in response to dietary levels of nucleotides (NT). Accordingly, 1200 fish (0.51 ± 0.01 g) were fed ad libitum with a basal diet (38.88 % crude protein and 10.04 % crude lipid in dry basis) containing incremental levels of NT at 0 (NT-0; control), 0.3 g kg-1 (NT-0.3), 0.6 g kg-1 (NT-0.6), and 1.2 g kg-1 (NT-1.2) for 8 weeks in triplicates. The growth performance was significantly increased in the fish fed with NT-0.6 and NT-1.2 diets compared to the control group (p < 0.05). A significant elevation in the growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor-I gene expression was recorded in NT-added groups at 0.6 and 1.2 g kg-1 compared to the control group (p < 0.05). In contrast to the control group, feeding on NT-0.6 and NT-1.2 diets had a remarkable effect on the skin mucus soluble protein and immunoglobulin levels (p < 0.05). After the feeding trial, we examined how salinity stress (15 g/l salinity) lonely and salinity stress under non-lethal thermal shock (+10 °C) affected heat shock protein (HSP70). Then, the mRNA expression of HSP70 gene from the gill was analyzed at 0, 2, 8, and 24 h post-challenge tests. The HSP70 gene expression level was approximately up-regulated more than 2-fold in NT-6 and NT-1.2 treatments compared to the control group under the salinity stress. Altogether, this research represents that the addition of NT at 0.6 and 1.2 g kg-1 in Caspian roach diet can improve overall performance and resistance to salinity stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjan Hoseini
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Hamed Paknejad
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Sudagar
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Hossein Anvarifar
- University of Applied Science and Technology, Provincial Unit, Gorgan, Golestan, Iran
| | - Seyed Pezhman Hosseini Shekarabi
- National Research Center of Saltwater Aquatic Animals, Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute (IFSRI), Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Bafq, Iran
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Adel M, Sakhaie F, Hosseini Shekarabi SP, Gholamhosseini A, Impellitteri F, Faggio C. Dietary Mentha piperita essential oil loaded in chitosan nanoparticles mediated the growth performance and humoral immune responses in Siberian sturgeon (Acipenserbaerii). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2024; 145:109321. [PMID: 38122952 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.109321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Revised: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Siberian sturgeon (Acipenser baerii) fry often face environmental stressors that can compromise their immune system, rendering them susceptible to opportunistic pathogens in intensive aquaculture systems. In this study, we explored the innovative use of chitosan nanoparticles loaded with Mentha piperita essential oil (MPO/CNPs) as a dietary supplement to improve the growth and immune responses of A. baerii. The results demonstrated that the addition of MPO/CNPs to the diet led to significant improvements in growth, as evidenced by increased red blood cell count, hematocrit, haemoglobin concentration, and reduced triglyceride levels. Furthermore, significant differences were observed in the immune parameters for the treatment groups receiving Mentha piperita essential oil loaded in chitosan nanoparticles (MPO/CNPs), including enhanced lysozyme activity, immunoglobulin M (IgM) levels, respiratory burst activity, and ACH50 activity. Additionally, gene expression analysis revealed upregulation of key immune-related genes in the MPO/CNPs-treated groups. These findings suggest that the use of MPO/CNPs can enhance the growth and bolster the immune defences of Siberian sturgeon fry, contributing to more sustainable production in intensive aquaculture environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milad Adel
- Department of Aquatic Animal Health and Diseases, Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute (IFSRI), Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran
| | - Fahimeh Sakhaie
- School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Pezhman Hosseini Shekarabi
- National Research Center of Saltwater Aquatic Animals, Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute (IFSRI), Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Bafq, Iran
| | - Amin Gholamhosseini
- Department of Aquatic Animal Health and Diseases, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | - Caterina Faggio
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences of the University of Messina, Messina, Italy; Department of Ecosustainable Marine Biotechnology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Naples, Italy.
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Khaled AA, Shabaan AM, Hammad SM, Hafez EE, Saleh AA. Exploring the impact of nano-Se and nano-clay feed supplements on interleukin genes, immunity and growth rate in European Sea Bass (Dicentrarchus labrax). Sci Rep 2024; 14:2631. [PMID: 38302608 PMCID: PMC10834503 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-53274-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effects of adding Nano-Selenium (NSe) and Nano-clay (NC) as feed supplements on European Sea Bass (Dicentrarchus labrax). Two separate experiments were conducted, one with NC and the other with NSe. Each experiment consisted of four sub-groups with varying concentrations of NC or NSe. The expression levels of five immune-related genes (TNF-α, TNF-β, IL-2, IL-6 and IL-12) were measured using Real-time Quantitative PCR (Rt-PCR) Assay. The results showed an increase in the expression of interleukins (IL-2, IL-6 and IL-12) and pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and TNF-β) after exposure to NC and NSe. TNF-α gene expression was significantly higher with both 1 mg and 10 mg concentrations of NC and NSe. TNF-β gene expression was highest with the 5 mg concentration of NC. The concentrations of 1 mg and 10 mg for NC, and 1 mg, 5 mg, and 10 mg for NSe, led to the highest (p < 0.05) levels of IL-2 expression compared to the control. Similar trends were observed for IL-6 and IL-12 gene expression. Understanding the impact of these concentrations on gene expression, growth rate, biochemical indices, and antioxidant status can provide valuable insights into the potential applications of NC and NSe supplements on European Sea Bass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmaa A Khaled
- Animal and Fish Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture (Saba Basha), Alexandria University, Alexandria City, 21531, Egypt
| | - Amany M Shabaan
- Chemistry Department, Biochemistry Division, Faculty of Science, El-Fayoum University, El-Fayoum, Egypt
| | - Saad M Hammad
- Arid Lands Cultivation Research Institute, City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications, New Borg El Arab, Alexandria, 21934, Egypt
| | - Elsayed E Hafez
- Arid Lands Cultivation Research Institute, City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications, New Borg El Arab, Alexandria, 21934, Egypt
| | - Ahmed A Saleh
- Animal and Fish Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture (Alshatby), Alexandria University, Alexandria City, 11865, Egypt.
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Choi JH, Kim JH. Toxic effects of sub-acute microplastic (polyamide) exposure on the accumulation, hematological, and antioxidant responses in crucian carp, Carassius carassius. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2023; 102:104199. [PMID: 37391052 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2023.104199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of microplastics (MPs) on fish and to confirm the toxic effects of MPs on fish, as well as to clarify the standard indicators. MPs are present in a large amount in the aquatic environment and can have various adverse effects on aquatic animals. Crucian carp, Carassius carassius (mean weight, 23.7 ± 1.6 g; mean length, 13.9 ± 1.4 cm), were exposed to PA (Polyamide) concentrations of 0, 4, 8, 16, 32 and 64 mg/L for 2 weeks. The PA accumulation profile in C. carassius decreased from the intestine to the gill to the liver. Hematological parameters such as red blood cell (RBC) counts, hemoglobin (Hb), and hematocrit (Ht) notably decreased at high levels of PA exposure. Plasma components such as calcium, magnesium, glucose, cholesterol, total protein, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were significantly altered by PA exposure. The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione S-transferase (GST) and glutathione (GSH) of liver, gill and intestine significantly increased following PA exposure. The results of this study suggest that MP exposure affects the hematological physiology and antioxidant responses in C. carassius as well as accumulation in specific tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Ho Choi
- Department of Aquatic Life Medicine, Pukyong National University, Busan 608-737, the Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Hwan Kim
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea.
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Sherif AH, Elkasef M, Mahfouz ME, Kasem EA. Impacts of dietary zinc oxide nanoparticles on the growth and immunity of Nile tilapia could be ameliorated using Nigella sativa oil. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2023; 79:127265. [PMID: 37478799 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2023.127265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Zinc nanoparticles are documented to be harmful to fish because their accumulation in fish bring about many irreversible changes in their health. Nigella sativa and its oil have been endorsed in aquaculture to improve fish health. METHODS Two hundred seventy experimental fish (113 ± 5 g body weight) were divided into 6 groups G1-6; control fish fed a diet without any treatment (G1), 0.3% of NSO (G2), 0.5% of NSO (G3), ZnO NPs (40 mg/kg diet) (G4), 0.3% of NSO and ZnO NPs (40 mg/kg diet) (G5), 0.5% of NSO and ZnO NPs (40 mg/kg diet) (G6), the trial lasted for six weeks. RESULTS Growth performance was enhanced in fish received diets containing NSO, final weight (FW), weight gain (WG), daily weight gain (DWG), and relative growth rate (RGR) were significantly increased with lower food conversion ratios (FCR) compared to the control. The hepatic glutathione peroxidase (GPx), catalase (CAT), and metallothionein (MT) were increased in response to ZnO NPs stress and only 0.5% NSO supplementation could ameliorate such increment. The immune-related genes [interleukin1-beta (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-beta (TNF-β), transforming growth factor-beta 2 (TGF-β2) and C-type lysozyme] as well as growth-related gene [insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1)] in liver showed an upregulation in fish fed with NSO diets. Administration of ZnO NPs lowered the resistance of Oreochromis niloticus against bacterial infection with Aeromonas hydrophila and NSO could enhance the immunity in the highest tested concentration (0.5%) (G6). CONCLUSIONS The obtained results implied that NSO could enhance the oxidative and immune status of O. niloticus which could compensate ZnO NPs stress as well as experimental infection of a virulent strain of A. hydrophila. Our results revealed that NSO might increase fish growth and immunity only at a high dose (0.5%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed H Sherif
- Fish Disease Department, Animal Health Research Institute AHRI, Agriculture Research Centre ARC, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt.
| | - Mariam Elkasef
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Sciences, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
| | - Magdy E Mahfouz
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Sciences, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
| | - Enas A Kasem
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Sciences, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
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Dietary Chlorella vulgaris mitigated the adverse effects of Imidacloprid on the growth performance, antioxidant, and immune responses of common carp ( Cyprinus carpio). ANNALS OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2023. [DOI: 10.2478/aoas-2023-0003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
The use of pesticides to eliminate pests and weeds has raised concerns about water pollution and adverse effects on aquatic organisms, so many efforts have been made to increase the resistance of fish to these pesticides by using a proper nutrition strategy. Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate the growth performance, antioxidant, and immune responses of fish exposed to Imidacloprid insecticide (C9H10ClN5O2) by different doses of Chlorella vulgaris dry powder to the diet of common carp (Cyprinus carpio). In this study, 600 common carp with a medium weight (18.10±0.2 g; Mean ± SE) were prepared and after adaptation and determination of lethal concentration of Imidacloprid, for 56 days in 6 treatments and each with 3 replications were classified and tested (Control (T1), 5% Chlorella vulgaris dry powder and no pollution (T2), 10% Chlorella vulgaris dry powder and no pollution (T3), No Chlorella vulgaris dry powder and 12.5% LC50 Imidacloprid (T4), 5% Chlorella vulgaris dry powder plus 12.5% LC50 imidacloprid (T5) and 10% Chlorella vulgaris dry powder plus 12.5% LC50 Imidacloprid (T6)). After 96 hours of exposure to distinct concentrations of the insecticide, the total mortality was measured and the Imidacloprid median lethal concentration (LC50) over 96 hours was calculated (266.2 mg/l) using Probit analysis. According to the result, common carp fed T2 had the highest final weight (FW), weight gain (WG), and specific growth rate (SGR), and the lowest feed conversion ratio (FCR) among the groups (P<0.05). Fish in the T2 group had the highest Total proteins, Albumin and Globulin (P<0.05). Fish in the group T4 had the highest Cortisol, Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH), Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT), Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST), and Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) levels in the blood, while fish fed T2 and T3 had low values (P<0.05). The Alternative Complement Pathway (ACH50) was significantly higher in T2 and T3 than other groups (P<0.05). Blood total Immunoglobulin (Ig) and Lysozyme activity were high in T2 and T3 groups, and had the lowest values in the T4 group (P<0.05). The Superoxide Dismutase (SOD), Catalase (CAT) and Glutathione Peroxidase (GPx) showed the highest activities in T2 (P<0.05). T4 group had the highest Malondialdehyde (MDA) level, while T2 and T3 groups had the lowest MDA level (P<0.05). The highest Amylase, Protease and Lipase were in the T2 group, while the lowest values were in the T4 group (P<0.05). In conclusion, dietary Chlorella vulgaris protects common carp from Imidacloprid insecticide, since it improved growth performance, antioxidant and immune responses of fish.
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Wan L, Cao L, Song C, Cao X, Zhou Y. Metagenomic insights into feasibility of agricultural wastes on optimizing water quality and natural bait by regulating microbial loop. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 217:114941. [PMID: 36435493 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Effective screening feed substitutes for improving water quality in aquaculture systems has become a trending research topic now. In this study, three typical organic agricultural wastes, including sugar cane bagasse (SC), coconut shell powder (CS), and corn cob powder (CC), were selected to evaluate their potential roles on the optimization of water quality and natural bait compared to aquafeeds. Fish feed resulted in the highest growth rate of fish but the worst water quality. Organic detritus addition markedly improved the water quality, especially soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP, decrease of 56-61%) and ammonium (decrease of 16% in SC, 47% in CC). Specially, SC induced core microbes to mediate nutrients transformation and recycling (N2-fixation, ammonification, nitrification, dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonia and organic nutrients decomposition), which facilitated the primary productivity based on their positive relationships. This further reduced the available nutrients (especially SRP) in the water and built a mutually beneficial microbial loop. In addition, SC addition increased the abundance of genes involved in amino acids biosynthesis pathways, photosynthesis, and carbon fixation. These results led to energy transfer to higher trophic levels. The addition of CC had a better effect than SC in terms of lower nitrogen levels and a higher fish growth rate (19% in CC, 5% in SC). However, low temperatures and carbon accumulation jointly drive the anaerobic decomposition, resulting in unhealthy microbial loops and low fish growth rates. In contrast to the direct consumption of fish feed, organic detritus can induce more natural bait to provide food for fish by regulating the microbial loop, as showed by the microbial community composition in the water and fish gut. To comprehensively assess water quality, natural bait, and fish growth and quality, certain organic detritus should be considered as an auxiliary material to partially replace feed for healthy and sustainable aquaculture systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7# Donghu South Road, Wuhan, 430072, PR China.
| | - Lingfeng Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7# Donghu South Road, Wuhan, 430072, PR China.
| | - Chunlei Song
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7# Donghu South Road, Wuhan, 430072, PR China.
| | - Xiuyun Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7# Donghu South Road, Wuhan, 430072, PR China.
| | - Yiyong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7# Donghu South Road, Wuhan, 430072, PR China.
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12
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Banaee M, Impellitteri F, Evaz-Zadeh Samani H, Piccione G, Faggio C. Dietary Arthrospira platensis in Rainbow Trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss): A Means to Reduce Threats Caused by CdCl 2 Exposure? TOXICS 2022; 10:toxics10120731. [PMID: 36548564 PMCID: PMC9781257 DOI: 10.3390/toxics10120731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) is one of the most commercially sought-after freshwater fish species and one of the most farmed in the world. On the other hand, aquaculture breeding frequently results in outbreaks of infectious diseases and pests, and compromises the production and welfare of fish. Arthrospira platensis (known as "Spirulina") has been used as a supplement in diets to enhance fish welfare in recent years because of its beneficial properties. This study aimed to assess the possible protective effects of Arthrospira platensis on rainbow trout specimens exposed to three different doses of the toxicant CdCl2. The experiment was carried out using five experimental treatments of 40 individuals each: control group; group II (0.2 mg CdCl2 per kg of commercial fish feed); group III (0.2 mg Kg-1 of CdCl2 plus 2.5 g per kg of A. platensis); group IV (0.2 mg Kg-1 of CdCl2 plus 5 g per kg of A. platensis); group V (0.2 mg Kg-1 of CdCl2 plus 10 g per kg of A. platensis). During the experiment, dietary supplementation of A. platensis normalized all serum and blood parameters altered by the presence of CdCl2. A. platensis also had a protective effect on markers of oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdi Banaee
- Aquaculture Department, Faculty of Natural Resources and the Environment, Behbahan Khatam Alanbia University of Technology, Behbahan 47189, Iran
| | - Federica Impellitteri
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Polo Universitario dell’Annunziata, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Hamid Evaz-Zadeh Samani
- Aquaculture Department, Faculty of Natural Resources and the Environment, Behbahan Khatam Alanbia University of Technology, Behbahan 47189, Iran
| | - Giuseppe Piccione
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Polo Universitario dell’Annunziata, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Caterina Faggio
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno, d’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
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13
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Abdel Rahman AN, Van Doan H, Elsheshtawy HM, Dawood A, Salem SMR, Sheraiba NI, Masoud SR, Abdelnaeim NS, Khamis T, Alkafafy M, Mahboub HH. Dietary Salvia officinalis leaves enhances antioxidant-immune-capacity, resistance to Aeromonas sobria challenge, and growth of Cyprinus carpio. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 127:340-348. [PMID: 35772675 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.06.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The current perspective is a pioneer to assess the efficacy of Salvia officinalis leave powder (SOLP) on growth, intestinal enzymes, physiological and antioxidant status, immunological response, and gene expression of Common carp (Cyprinus carpio). We also looked into fish resistance after being challenged with Aeromonas sobria, a pathogenic zoonotic bacteria. Fish (N = 120) were fed four different experimental diets in triplicate for 8 weeks. The control diet (SOLP0 - without SOLP); meanwhile, the other three diets included SOLP of 2, 4, and 8 g kg-1 concentrations (SOLP2, SOLP4, and SOLP8), respectively. Findings demonstrated that fish fed SOLP4 and SOLP8 diets had better growth performance and improved digestion by noticeable enhancing lipase and amylase enzymes activity than other groups. Additionally, the antioxidant (superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase) and immune activities (immunoglobulin M, nitric oxide, and antiprotease) clarified a significant increase (p < 0.05) in SOLP4 and SOLP8 groups. Enriched diets with SOLP4 and SOLP8 exhibited better expression of splenic genes (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, TLR-2, and SOD), intestinal genes (Slc26a6) and (PepT1 or Slc15a1), and muscular genes (IGF-1 and SOD), while MSTN was down-regulated. After 8 weeks of the experimental trial, C. carpio challenged by A. sobria exhibited the highest cumulative mortality (66.67%), while SOLP8-dietary intervention showed the best results in enhancing the fish resistance against A. sobria by lessening mortalities to 13.33% followed by SOLP4 diet (20%). The outcomes indicate that the expression of splenic, muscular, and intestinal genes confirm the efficacy of SOLP on enhancing growth, digestion, and immune-antioxidant status, and recommend the potential use of SOLP especially at 4 g kg-1 level as a valuable natural economic diet additive in C. carpio culture for sustaining aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afaf N Abdel Rahman
- Department of Fish Diseases and Management, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, P.O. Box 44511, Zagazig, Sharkia, Egypt.
| | - Hien Van Doan
- Department of Animal and Aquatic Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Hassnaa Mahmoud Elsheshtawy
- Department of Fish Diseases and Management, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, P.O. Box 41522, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Ali Dawood
- Department of Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, 32897, Egypt; The State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Shimaa M R Salem
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Nutritional Deficiency Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansura University, P.O. Box 35516, Mansoura, Dakahlia, Egypt
| | - Nagwa I Sheraiba
- Department of Husbandry and Animal Wealth Development, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City, P.O. Box 32897, Sadat City, Menofia, Egypt
| | - Shimaa R Masoud
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City, P.O. Box 32897, Sadat City, Menofia, Egypt
| | - Noha S Abdelnaeim
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, P.O. Box 41522, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Tarek Khamis
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, P.O. Box 44511, Zagazig, Sharkia, Egypt; Laboratory of Biotechnology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, P.O. Box 44511, Zagazig, Sharkia, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Alkafafy
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif, 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Heba H Mahboub
- Department of Fish Diseases and Management, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, P.O. Box 44511, Zagazig, Sharkia, Egypt.
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14
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Hafsan H, Bokov D, Abdelbasset WK, Kadhim M, Suksatan W, Majdi HS, Widjaja G, Jalil AT, Qasim MT, Balvardi M. Dietary
Dracocephalum kotschyi
essential oil improved growth, haematology, immunity and resistance to
Aeromonas hydrophila
in rainbow trout (
Oncorhynchus mykiss
). AQUACULTURE RESEARCH 2022; 53:3164-3175. [DOI: 10.1111/are.15829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2025]
Affiliation(s)
- Hafsan Hafsan
- Biology Department Faculty of Science and Technology Universitas Islam Negeri Alauddin Makassar Gowa Indonesia
| | - Dmitry Bokov
- Institute of Pharmacy Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University Moscow Russian Federation
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry Federal Research Center of Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety Moscow Russian Federation
| | - Walid Kamal Abdelbasset
- Department of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences College of Applied Medical Sciences Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University Al Kharj Saudi Arabia
- Department of Physical Therapy Kasr Al‐Aini Hospital Cairo University Giza Egypt
| | - Mustafa M. Kadhim
- Department of Dentistry Kut University College Kut Iraq
- College of Technical Engineering The Islamic University Najaf Iraq
- Department of Pharmacy Osol Aldeen University College Baghdad Iraq
| | - Wanich Suksatan
- Faculty of Nursing HRH Princess Chulabhorn College of Medical Science Chulabhorn Royal Academy Bangkok Thailand
| | - Hasan Sh. Majdi
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Industries Al‐Mustaqbal University College Babylon Iraq
| | - Gunawan Widjaja
- Faculty of Public Health Universitas Indonesia Depok Indonesia
- Faculty of Law Universitas Krisnadwipayana Indonesia Jatiwaringin Indonesia
| | - Abduladheem Turki Jalil
- Faculty of Biology and Ecology Yanka Kupala State University of Grodno Grodno Belarus
- College of Technical Engineering The Islamic University Najaf Iraq
| | - Maytham T. Qasim
- Ministry of Education Directorate Thi‐Qar Education Thi‐Qar Iraq
- Department of Anesthesia College of Health and Medical Technology Al‐Ayen University Thi‐Qar Iraq
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15
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Parlak V, Ozgeris B, Ucar A, Cilingir Yeltekin A, Ozgeris FB, Cağlar O, Alak G, Turkez H, Atamanalp M. Hematotoxic, oxidative and genotoxic damage in rainbow trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss) after exposure to 3-benzoylpyridine. Toxicol Mech Methods 2022; 32:501-509. [PMID: 35272586 DOI: 10.1080/15376516.2022.2049413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Pyridine is a basic heterocyclic organic compound. The pyridine ring is present in many important compounds, including agricultural chemicals, medicines and vitamins. Due to their widespread industrial use, bioaccumulation and non-target toxic effects are being considered as a great risk to human and environmental health. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the hematological, oxidative and genotoxic damage potentials by different concentrations (1, 1.5, and 2 g/L) of the ketone 3-Benzoylpyridine (3BP) on rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Alterations in the biomarker levels of oxidative DNA damage (8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG)), apoptosis (Caspase-3), malondialdehyde (MDA) as well as antioxidant enzyme activities including superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), myeloperoxidase (MPO), paraoxonase (PON), and arylesterase (AR) were assessed in brain, liver, gill and blood tissues. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity was also determined in brain tissue. In addition, we analyzed micronucleus (MN) rates and hematological indices of total erythrocyte count (RBC), total leukocyte count (WBC), hemoglobin (Hb), hematocrit (Hct), total platelet count (PLT), mean cell hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), mean cell hemoglobin (MCH), and mean cell volume (MCV) in blood. LC50-96h value of 3BP was calculated as 5.2 g/L from the data obtained. A significant decrease in brain AChE activity was determined in clear time and dose dependent manners. While SOD, CAT, GPx, PON, and AR levels were decreased, MDA, MPO, 8-OHdG and Caspase-3 levels were increased in all tissues (p < 0.05). Again, the 3BP led to increases of MN formation at all applied concentrations in the rates of between 45.4 and 72.7%. Significant differences (p < 0.05) were found out in between all studied hematology parameters between 3BP-exposed and the control fish. In conclusion, ours study firstly indicated that the treatment doses of 3BP induced distinct hematological and oxidative alterations as well as genotoxic damage in rainbow trout.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veysel Parlak
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Fisheries, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Bünyamin Ozgeris
- Department of Basic Sciences, Science Faculty, Erzurum Technical University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Arzu Ucar
- Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | | | - Fatma Betul Ozgeris
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Ozge Cağlar
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Erzurum Technical University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Gonca Alak
- Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Hasan Turkez
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Muhammed Atamanalp
- Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
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16
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17
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The Dietary Effects of Nutmeg (Myristica fragrans) Extract on Growth, Hematological Parameters, Immunity, Antioxidant Status, and Disease Resistance of Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio) against Aeromonas hydrophila. JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/jmse10030325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Medicinal plants are increasingly used in aquaculture owing to their beneficial impacts on the health status of farmed fish. The current study was conducted to investigate the effect of nutmeg (Myristica fragrans) extract on growth, immunity, antioxidant parameters, and resistance of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) against Aeromonas hydrophila. In addition, in vitro antibacterial activity of the skin mucus of fish fed on nutmeg extract was evaluated against three major fish pathogenic bacteria through the standard disk diffusion method. Fish (17.27 ± 0.11 g) were divided into four groups and fed on experimental diets containing different levels of nutmeg extract, including zero (control), 0.5% (M1), 1% (M2), and 2% (M3) per kg diet. Results showed that nutmeg significantly enhanced growth parameters after a four-week feeding trial. Feed conversion ratio was remarkably reduced with the lowest value reported for the M3 group, whereas weight gain was notably increased in M2 and M3. No significant effect was found on the hematological profile, including mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, mean corpuscular hemoglobin, mean corpuscular volume, and hematocrit, while the highest levels of red blood cells and white blood cells were found in the M3 group. Stress biomarkers, including glucose and cortisol, were the lowest in the M3 group. Serum and skin mucus immunological and antioxidant parameters were significantly higher in M3, followed by M2, where the highest resistance was also observed. In addition, skin mucus samples effectively inhibited Streptococcus iniae, Yersinia ruckeri, and Aeromonas hydrophila. Overall, the present results suggest that dietary nutmeg (20 g/kg diet) could be used as a growth promotor and immunostimulant in common carp.
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18
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Dietary Lactobacillus acidophilus ATCC 4356 Relieves the Impacts of Aflatoxin B 1 Toxicity on the Growth Performance, Hepatorenal Functions, and Antioxidative Capacity of Thinlip Grey Mullet (Liza ramada) (Risso 1826). Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2022; 14:189-203. [PMID: 35048326 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-021-09888-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Dietary Lactobacillus acidophilus ATCC 4356 was used to relieve the impacts of aflatoxin B1 toxicity on the performances of Liza ramada. The control diet was without any additives, while the second and third diets were supplemented with aflatoxin B1 at 0.5 and 1 mg/kg. The fourth diet was supplemented with Lb. acidophilus ATCC 4356 at 1 × 106 CFU/mL per kg diet, while the fifth with aflatoxin B1 at 1 mg/kg and Lb. acidophilus ATCC 4356 at 1 × 106 CFU/mL per kg diet. The growth performance markedly increased (p < 0.05) in L. ramada fed Lb. acidophilus ATCC 4356, while aflatoxin B1 at 0.5 and 1 mg/kg groups showed a severe reduction. The red blood cells, hemoglobulin, hematocrit, and white blood cells were markedly increased in L. ramada fed Lb. acidophilus ATCC 4356 while decreased (p < 0.05) in fish fed aflatoxin B1 at 0.5 and 1 mg/kg. The blood total protein and albumin were markedly increased (p < 0.05) in L. ramada fed Lb. acidophilus ATCC 4356 while reduced in aflatoxin B1 at 0.5 and 1 mg/kg groups. The levels of total cholesterol and triglycerides were meaningfully increased in fish of the Lb. acidophilus ATCC 4356 and aflatoxin B1 at 1 mg/kg groups while decreased in aflatoxin B1 at 0.5 and 1 mg/kg groups. Alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, creatinine, and urea levels were markedly decreased (p < 0.05) in fish-fed Lb. acidophilus ATCC 4356 while increased in aflatoxin B1 at 0.5 and 1 mg/kg groups. The highest levels of blood glucose and cortisol were seen in fish contaminated with aflatoxin B1 at 1 mg/kg, while the lowest levels were observed in the fish fed Lb. acidophilus ATCC 4356 group (p < 0.05). The catalase and superoxide dismutase were markedly enhanced in the Lb. acidophilus ATCC 4356 group and severely declined in aflatoxin B1 at 0.5 and 1 mg/kg groups (p < 0.05). The malondialdehyde level was markedly reduced in fish fed Lb. acidophilus ATCC 4356 with or without aflatoxin B1 at 1 mg/kg diets while increased in fish contaminated with aflatoxin B1 at 0.5 and 1 mg/kg (p < 0.05). The control group had lower malondialdehyde levels than the aflatoxin B1 at 1 mg/kg group and higher than the Lb. acidophilus ATCC 4356 with or without aflatoxin B1 toxicity (p < 0.05). Histopathological examination revealed impaired intestines and livers in fish contaminated with aflatoxin B1 while Lb. acidophilus ATCC 4356 relieves the inflammation and protected the intestines and livers. In conclusion, dietary Lb. acidophilus ATCC 4356 is recommended to relieve the impacts of aflatoxicosis-induced hepatorenal failure and oxidative stress in L. ramada.
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19
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Raissy M, Ahmadi Kabootarkhani M, Sanisales K, Mohammadi M, Rashidian G. The Synergistic Effects of Combined Use of Mentha longifolia, Thymus carmanicus, and Trachyspermum copticum on Growth Performance, Feed Utilization, and Expression of Key Immune Genes in Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Front Vet Sci 2022; 8:810261. [PMID: 35097054 PMCID: PMC8795831 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.810261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Medicinal plants exhibit remarkable positive effects on different aspects of fish physiology. This study aimed to evaluate the possible impact of a combination of plants (Mentha longifolia, Thymus carmanicus, and Trachyspermum copticum) on growth performance, immune responses and key immune gene expression of rainbow trout. For this purpose, four diets were designed, including zero, 0.25, 0.5, and 1% of a mixture of plants per kg of diet, representing dietary treatments of control, T1, T2, and T3, respectively. Two hundred forty fish (weighing 23.11 ± 0.57 g) were fed 3% of body weight twice a day for 45 days. The results showed that growth parameters of weight gain (except for T1) and FCR were significantly improved in fish receiving all levels of plants, with T3 showing the best growth results. Digestive enzymes activities were notably increased in T1 and T2 compared to the control. Stress biomarkers (glucose and cortisol) were significantly decreased in T1 and T2, while T3 was not significantly different from the control. Immunological responses were significantly improved in T2, while T1 andT3 did not show a statistical difference in terms of lysozyme activity. Catalase activity was noticeably decreased in T1, although superoxide dismutase and malondialdehyde were highest in T2. Immune-related genes were significantly up-regulated in T3 compared to other treatments. Also, antioxidant enzyme coding genes were strongly up-regulated in T2 and T3. Overall, the present results suggest that 1% inclusion of the mixture of M. longifolia, T. carmanicus, and T. copticum (T2) can be used to improve the growth and immunity of rainbow trout.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Raissy
- Department of Aquatic Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran
- *Correspondence: Mehdi Raissy
| | | | - Kimia Sanisales
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mohammadi
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Ghasem Rashidian
- Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Natural Resources and Marine Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Noor, Iran
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20
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Yang H, Zhujin D, Marana MH, Dalsgaard I, Rzgar J, Heidi M, Asma KM, Per KW, Kurt B. Immersion vaccines against Yersinia ruckeri infection in rainbow trout: Comparative effects of strain differences. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2021; 44:1937-1950. [PMID: 34392540 PMCID: PMC9290694 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.13507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The protective effects of autogenous and commercial ERM immersion vaccines (bacterins based on Yersinia ruckeri, serotype O1, biotypes 1 and 2) for rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) were compared in order to evaluate whether the use of local pathogen strains for immunization can improve protection. In addition, the effect of the bacterin concentration was established for the commercial product. Following sublethal challenge of vaccinated and non-vaccinated control fish with live bacteria, we followed the bacterial count in the fish (gills, liver and spleen). The expression of genes encoding immune factors (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IFN-γ, MHCI, MHCII, CD4, CD8, TCRβ, IgM, IgT, IgD, cathelicidins 1 and 2, SAA and C3) and densities of immune cells in organs were recorded. Both vaccines conferred protection as judged from the reduced bacterial load in exposed fish. Innate immune genes were upregulated in all groups following bacterial challenge but significantly more in non-vaccinated naive fish in which densities of SAA-positive immune cells increased. Immunoglobulin genes were upregulated on day 5 post-challenge, and fish vaccinated with the high commercial bacterin dosage showed increased IgM levels by ELISA on day 14 post-challenge, reflecting that the vaccine dosage was correlated to protection. In conclusion, both vaccine types offered protection to rainbow trout when exposed to live Y. ruckeri and no significant difference between commercial and autogenous vaccines was established.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Yang
- Laboratory of Aquatic PathobiologyDepartment of Veterinary and Animal SciencesFaculty of Health and Medical SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
- Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province for Fishes Conservation and Utilization in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze RiverNeijiang Normal UniversityNeijiangChina
| | - Ding Zhujin
- Laboratory of Aquatic PathobiologyDepartment of Veterinary and Animal SciencesFaculty of Health and Medical SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
- School of Marine Science and FisheriesJiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine BiotechnologyJiangsu Ocean UniversityLianyungangChina
| | - Moonika H. Marana
- Laboratory of Aquatic PathobiologyDepartment of Veterinary and Animal SciencesFaculty of Health and Medical SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Inger Dalsgaard
- National Institute of Aquatic ResourcesTechnical University of DenmarkLyngbyDenmark
| | - Jaafar Rzgar
- Laboratory of Aquatic PathobiologyDepartment of Veterinary and Animal SciencesFaculty of Health and Medical SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Mathiessen Heidi
- Laboratory of Aquatic PathobiologyDepartment of Veterinary and Animal SciencesFaculty of Health and Medical SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Karami M. Asma
- Laboratory of Aquatic PathobiologyDepartment of Veterinary and Animal SciencesFaculty of Health and Medical SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Kania W. Per
- Laboratory of Aquatic PathobiologyDepartment of Veterinary and Animal SciencesFaculty of Health and Medical SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Buchmann Kurt
- Laboratory of Aquatic PathobiologyDepartment of Veterinary and Animal SciencesFaculty of Health and Medical SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
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21
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Ghafarifarsani H, Hoseinifar SH, Adorian TJ, Goulart Ferrigolo FR, Raissy M, Van Doan H. The effects of combined inclusion of Malvae sylvestris, Origanum vulgare, and Allium hirtifolium boiss for common carp (Cyprinus carpio) diet: Growth performance, antioxidant defense, and immunological parameters. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 119:670-677. [PMID: 34653666 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2021.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the effects of a mixture of three medicinal plants extracts (COP: common mallow (Malvae sylvestris), oregano (Origanum vulgare), and Persian shallot (Allium hirtifolium boiss)) on growth, hematological indices, immunological parameters, liver antioxidant, and digestive enzyme activity of common carp (Cyprinus carpio). Accordingly, 540 common carp fingerlings were randomly allotted to 18 fiberglass tanks, including six treatments each in triplicate. Fish were fed with experimental diets supplemented with 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, and 5% of the herbal mixture. After 60 days, the effects on growth performance, antioxidant, and immunological parameters were evaluated. According to the results, the highest final weight was observed in the fish fed 2 and 3% of the herbal mixture. Also, the feed conversion ratio (FCR) showed a significant decrease in fish treated with the herbal mix, so that the lowest FCR was observed in the treatment 1%. Hematological examinations such as red blood cells (RBC), white blood cell (WBC), and hemoglobin showed significant changes between different parameters compared to the control group. The highest protein content was observed in the fish supplemented with 2, 3, and 5% herbs. Besides, in contrast to glucose, the cortisol level showed a significant decrease compared to the control group. The digestive enzymes (Amylase, Lipase, and Protease) were significantly higher in 2 and 3% treatments than in the control group. Also, a significant difference was found in Superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione reductase (GR) activity, and malondialdehyde (MDA) content between the experimental and control treatments. Examination of liver enzymes (and alanine aminotransaminase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP)) showed a significant difference in herbal mixture treatments with the control group, according to which the lowest amount of these enzymes was recorded in 2 and 3% herb supplemented fish. Herbal mix resulted in higher mucosal and intestinal immunity parameters, including total immunoglobulin (total Ig), lysozyme, alternative complement activities (ACH50), protease, and ALP. According to the results, supplementing the diet with a mixture of the COP can significantly improve growth parameters, stimulate the innate immune system, and improve antioxidant defenses and liver health of common carp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamed Ghafarifarsani
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Natural Resources, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Seyed Hossein Hoseinifar
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Taida Juliana Adorian
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Cidade Universitária, Rio Grande Do Sul. AV. Roraima nº 1000, Bairro Camobi, Santa Maria, CEP: 97105-900, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Mehdi Raissy
- Department of Aquatic Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekrd Branch, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Hien Van Doan
- Department of Animal and Aquatic Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand; Science and Technology Research Institute, Chiang Mai University, 239 Huay Keaw Rd., Suthep, Muang, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.
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Esmaeili M. Blood Performance: A New Formula for Fish Growth and Health. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10121236. [PMID: 34943151 PMCID: PMC8698978 DOI: 10.3390/biology10121236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary The use of haematological and blood biochemistry parameters has proven to be effective and repeatable ways to monitor fish health. Testing these parameters is becoming more common in aquaculture studies. Further, it is widely accepted that fish with better health status are more likely to grow faster as less energy should be consumed for non-growth purposes. Here, a new formula (Blood Performance) is introduced, which contains five common haematological and blood biochemistry parameters: red blood cells, white blood cells, haemoglobin, haematocrit, and total protein. The idea behind this formula is that any single component of this formula cannot be reliable enough as a biomarker of fish health and growth. However, interestingly, Blood Performance can be much more reliable and accurate for monitoring fish health and growth. Abstract Monitoring fish health in a repeatable and accurate manner can contribute to the profitability and sustainability of aquaculture. Haematological and blood biochemistry parameters have been powerful tools and becoming increasingly common in aquaculture studies. Fish growth is closely related to its health status. A fish with a higher growth rate is more likely to be a healthy one. Any change in the physiological status of the fish, from pollution to nutritional stress, can cause changes in the blood parameters. Various aquaculture studies have measured the following components: red blood cells, white blood cells, haemoglobin, haematocrit, and total protein. However, because these parameters do not always follow the same trend across experimental fish, it is difficult to draw a firm conclusion about which parameter should be considered. Therefore, Blood Performance (BP) as a new formula is introduced, which is a more reliable indicator. This formula is simple and sums up the natural logarithm of the five above-mentioned parameters. More than 90 published peer-reviewed articles that measured these five parameters in the last six years confirmed the reliability and validity of this formula. Regardless of which supplements were added to the diets, the fish with a higher growth rate had higher BP as well. In addition, in 44 studies out of 53 articles, there was a significant positive correlation between specific growth rate and BP. Under different stressful situations, from pollution to thermal stress, the fish under stress had a lower BP than the control. Fish meal and fish oil replacement studies were further evidence for this formula and showed that adding excessive alternative proteins decreased growth along with BP. In conclusion, BP can be a reliable indicator of fish health and growth when it is compared between groups in the same experiment or farm. Although there was a positive correlation between specific growth rate and BP, comparing BP between experiments is not recommended. Standardising the haematological assays can improve the reliability and accuracy of BP across experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moha Esmaeili
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart Private Bag 49, 15-21 Nubeena Cres, Taroona, TAS 7053, Australia
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Bussons INB, Sousa EDS, Aride PHR, Duncan WLP, Pantoja-Lima J, Furuya WM, Oliveira ATD, Bussons MRFM, Faggio C. Growth performance, hematological responses and economic indexes of Colossoma macropomum (Cuvier, 1818) fed graded levels of glycerol. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2021; 249:109122. [PMID: 34237425 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2021.109122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance, hematological responses and economic indicators of juvenile tambaqui Colossoma macropomum fed different levels of partial replacement of corn by glycerol (0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%). The experiment was conducted for 90 days in the production of aquatic organisms lab at the Nilton Lins University, Manaus, Brazil, in a completely randomized design, and consisted of four treatments, four repetitions and two sampling times. In total, 240 juveniles were used with initial average weight and standard length of 15.32 ± 1,61 g and 8.03 ± 0.22 cm, respectively. The fish were maintained in twenty 310 L water tanks that had a closed system with no reuse, continuous aeration, siphoning and replacement of water every 48 h. Feeding was twice a day with the experimental diets, which contained 28% crude protein. The following parameters were considered: zootechnical checks (weight gain + survival %), welfare (health) (hepatosomatic index + condition factor + viscerosomatic index), economic (Economic efficiency rate + economic profitability index) and hematology (hematology + metabolites + ions). The results of the study show that diets for juvenile tambaqui can contain up to 50% replacement of corn by glycerol without compromising the fishes' development under the conditions studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iurych Nicolau Barros Bussons
- Postgraduate Program in Animal Science and Fishery Resources, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences - FAS, Federal University of Amazonas, Av. General Rodrigo Otávio Jordão Ramos, 6200, 69067-005 Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil; Dona Branca Farm, BR 101, km 211, South direction, 28860-000, Casimiro de Abreu, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Elcimar da Silva Sousa
- Postgraduate Program in Aquaculture, Nilton Lins University, Av. Nilton Lins, 3259, 69058-030 Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Paulo Henrique Rocha Aride
- Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Amazonas, Campus Manaus Centtro, Av. 7 de setembro, 1975, 69020-120 Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Wallice Luiz Paxiúba Duncan
- Functional Morphology Laboratory, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Amazonas, Av. Gal Rodrigo Otávio Jordão Ramos, 6200, 69067-005, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Jackson Pantoja-Lima
- Federal Institute of Eduction, Science and Technology of Amazonas, Campus Presidente Figueiredo, Av. Onça Pintada, 1308, 69735-000 Presidente Figueiredo, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Wilson Massamitu Furuya
- Department of Animal Science, State University of Ponta Grossa, Av. Gal. Carlos Cavalcanti, 4748, 84030-900 Ponta Grossa, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Adriano Teixeira de Oliveira
- Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Amazonas, Campus Manaus Centtro, Av. 7 de setembro, 1975, 69020-120 Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | | | - Caterina Faggio
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166, S. Agata, Messina, Italy.
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Kumar J, Priyadharshini M, Madhavi M, Begum SS, Ali AJ, Musthafa MS, Faggio C. Impact of Hygrophila auriculata supplementary diets on the growth, survival, biochemical and haematological parameters in fingerlings of freshwater fish Cirrhinus mrigala (Hamilton, 1822). Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2021; 263:111097. [PMID: 34688885 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2021.111097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The present study investigates the effects of Supplementary diet Hygrophila auriculata on the growth, survival, biochemical and haematological parameters of Cirrhinus mrigala. The seaweed was administered to the fish possessing an initial average weight of 14.063 ± 1.828 g. Fish were fed with supplementary diet H. auriculata exhibited significant difference (P < 0.05) in the growth performance, haematological indices such as RBC count, haematocrit volume, haemoglobin, WBC, MCV, MCH and MCHC concentration in contrast to the control after a period of 8 weeks. Also, there were significant differences in biochemical parameters (P < 0.05), between the fish supplemented with dietary H. auriculata extract and the control group. These findings suggest that the administration of H. auriculata extract has a positive effect on the immunological indices and the immune system activity in Mrigal fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johnsundhar Kumar
- Unit of Aquaculture & Aquatic Toxicology, P.G. & Research Department of Zoology, The New College (Autonomous), Affiliated to University of Madras, Chennai 600 014, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Marckasagayam Priyadharshini
- Unit of Research in Radiation Biology & Environmental Radioactivity (URRBER), P.G. & Research Department of Zoology, The New College (Autonomous), Affiliated to University of Madras, Chennai 600 014, Tamilnadu, India
| | - M Madhavi
- P.G. & Research Department of Zoology, Ethiraj College for Women, Affiliated to University of Madras, Chennai 600 008, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - S Subeena Begum
- Department of Animal Health and Management, Alagappa University, Karaikudi 630 003, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - A Jawahar Ali
- Unit of Aquaculture & Aquatic Toxicology, P.G. & Research Department of Zoology, The New College (Autonomous), Affiliated to University of Madras, Chennai 600 014, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Mohamed Saiyad Musthafa
- Unit of Research in Radiation Biology & Environmental Radioactivity (URRBER), P.G. & Research Department of Zoology, The New College (Autonomous), Affiliated to University of Madras, Chennai 600 014, Tamilnadu, India.
| | - Caterina Faggio
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina-Viale Ferdinando Stagno d'Alcontres, 31, 98166 Messina, Italy.
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Sharma R, Jindal R, Faggio C. Cassia fistula ameliorates chronic toxicity of cypermethrin in Catla catla. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2021; 248:109113. [PMID: 34153505 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2021.109113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Protective effects of Cassia fistula, in Catla catla exposed to synthetic pyrethroid cypermethrin were evaluated. Fish, after chronic exposure to environmentally relevant sub-lethal concentration 0.41 μg/l of the pesticide were assessed for antioxidant activity, histopathological and ultrastructural alterations. Significant (p < 0.05) decrease in the activities of antioxidants such as CAT, SOD, GST, GSH was registered, whereas LPO level got elevated. Histological damage depicted necrosis, epithelial hypertrophy, hyperplasia and fusion of secondary lamellae and changes in gill vasculature. Histopathological alteration index was employed for the semi quantitative evaluation of the degree of tissue change (DTC). Transmission electron microscopy displayed swollen and distorted mitochondria, damaged chloride cells and necrosis. Dietary supplementation of Cassia fistula bark extract significantly (p < 0.05) improved the antioxidant activity, reduced lipid peroxidation and prevented histopathological alterations. The findings suggest that sub-lethal concentration of cypermethrin is toxic to fish. The study also draws attention towards potential of plant derived antioxidants in mitigating pesticide induced toxic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritu Sharma
- Aquatic Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Rajinder Jindal
- Aquatic Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India.
| | - Caterina Faggio
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Italy.
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26
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Abd El-Kader MF, Fath El-Bab AF, Abd-Elghany MF, Abdel-Warith AWA, Younis EM, Dawood MAO. Selenium Nanoparticles Act Potentially on the Growth Performance, Hemato-Biochemical Indices, Antioxidative, and Immune-Related Genes of European Seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax). Biol Trace Elem Res 2021; 199:3126-3134. [PMID: 33058040 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-020-02431-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The current study investigated the role of selenium (Se) nanoparticles on the growth performance, hemato-biochemical indices, antioxidative, and immune-related genes of European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax). Therefore, fish with initial weight of 20.53 ± 0.10 g/fish were fed diets with 0, 0.25, 0.5, and 1 mg Se nanoparticles/kg diet for 90 days. The final body weight, weight gain, and specific growth rate of fish fed dietary nano-Se varying levels were significantly higher than the control with the highest performances and lowest FCR in the group of fish fed nano-Se at 0.5 mg/kg. The values of Hb, PCV, RBCs, and WBCs were significantly higher in fish fed varying levels of Se nanoparticles than fish fed the basal diets. The values of total serum protein and globulin were significantly higher in fish fed varying levels of Se nanoparticles than fish fed the basal diets. Additionally, globulin had higher value in the group of fish fed 0.25 and 0.5 mg nano-Se/kg than fish fed 1 mg nano-Se/kg (P < 0.05). No significant alterations were observed on albumin, ALT, and AST variables (P > 0.05). Phagocytic index, phagocytic, lysozyme activities were significantly higher in fish fed varying levels of Se nanoparticles than fish fed the basal diets in a dose dependent manner (P < 0.05). Further, SOD activity had higher value in the group of fish fed 0.25 and 0.5 mg nano-Se/kg than fish fed 1 mg nano-Se/kg, whereas CAT was increased in the group of fish fed dietary 0.5 mg nano-Se/kg diet (P < 0.05). The level of MDA was significantly lowered by dietary nano-Se where the group of fish fed 0.25 mg/kg had the lowest level followed by those fed 0.5 and 1 mg/kg. The expression of GH, IGF-1, IL-8, and IL-1β genes had the highest mRNA levels in the group of fish fed 0.25 and 0.5 mg/kg followed by those fed 1 mg/kg, whereas HSP70 was downregulated. Based on the overall results, Se nanoparticles are recommended at the rate of 0.5-1 mg/kg diet to maintain the optimal growth performance, hemato-biochemical indices, antioxidative status, and immune-related genes in European seabass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa F Abd El-Kader
- Department of Fish Diseases and Management, Sakha Aquaculture Research Unit, Central Laboratory for Aquaculture Research, A.R.C, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed F Fath El-Bab
- Animal Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Damietta University, Damietta, Egypt
| | - Mohamed F Abd-Elghany
- Animal Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Nasr City, Egypt
| | - Abdel-Wahab A Abdel-Warith
- Animal Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Nasr City, Egypt
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, PO Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Elsayed M Younis
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, PO Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Mahmoud A O Dawood
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, 33516, Egypt.
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Harikrishnan R, Devi G, Van Doan H, Balasundaram C, Thamizharasan S, Hoseinifar SH, Abdel-Tawwab M. Effect of diet enriched with Agaricus bisporus polysaccharides (ABPs) on antioxidant property, innate-adaptive immune response and pro-anti inflammatory genes expression in Ctenopharyngodon idella against Aeromonas hydrophila. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 114:238-252. [PMID: 33989765 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2021.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The effect of Agaricus bisporus polysaccharides (ABPs) supplemented diet on growth rate, antioxidant capacity, innate-adaptive immune response, proinflammatory and antiinflammatory genes expression in Ctenopharyngodon idella against Aeromonas hydrophila is reported. In both normal and challenged groups fed with 1.0 and 1.5 mg kg-1 ABPs diets resulted in a significant weight gain and feed intake. The survival was 100% in normal fish fed without or with any ABPs diet; the challenged fish fed with 1.0 mg kg-1 ABPs diet had 98.6% survival. The RBC and WBC counts, Hb, and Hct levels were significant in both normal and challenged groups fed with 1.0 and 1.5 mg kg-1 ABPs diets. A significant increase in total protein and albumin level was observed in both groups fed with 1.0 and 1.5 mg kg-1 ABPs diets. Significant increase in GPx, ROS, GR, GSH, PC, and MnSOD activity was observed in HK of both groups fed with 1.0 and 1.5 mg kg-1 ABPs diets; similarly both groups when fed with the same ABPs diets showed significant Lz, C3, and C4 activity. However, both groups fed with 1.0 mg kg-1 ABPs diet showed significant β-defensin, LEAP-2A, IL-6, and NF-κB P65 mRNA expression. Similarly, IFN-γ2, IL-10, and TNFα mRNA expressions were significant in both groups fed with 1.0 mg kg-1 ABPs diet. The results indicate that both normal and challenged C. idella fed with a 1.0 mg kg-1 ABPs diet had better growth, antioxidant status, immune response, and pro-anti-inflammatory gene modulation against A. hydrophila.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramasamy Harikrishnan
- Department of Zoology, Pachaiyappa's College for Men, Kanchipuram 631 501, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Gunapathy Devi
- Department of Zoology, Nehru Memorial College, Puthanampatti 621 007, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Hien Van Doan
- Department of Animal and Aquatic Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; Science and Technology Research Institute, Chiang Mai University, 239 Huay Keaw Rd., Suthep, Muang, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.
| | - Chellam Balasundaram
- Department of Herbal and Environmental Science, Tamil University, Thanjavur, 613 005, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Subramanian Thamizharasan
- Department of Biotechnology, Bharath College of Science and Management, Thanjavur, 613-005, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Seyed Hossein Hoseinifar
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Mohsen Abdel-Tawwab
- Department of Fish Biology and Ecology, Central Laboratory for Aquaculture Research, Abbassa, Abo-Hammad, Sharqia, Egypt
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Rashidian G, Lazado CC, Mahboub HH, Mohammadi-Aloucheh R, Prokić MD, Nada HS, Faggio C. Chemically and Green Synthesized ZnO Nanoparticles Alter Key Immunological Molecules in Common Carp ( Cyprinus carpio) Skin Mucus. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22063270. [PMID: 33806904 PMCID: PMC8004943 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22063270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to compare the effects of commercially available (C) and green synthesized (GS) Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) on immunological responses of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) skin mucus. GS ZnO-NPs were generated using Thymus pubescent and characterized by UV–vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). Fish (n = 150) were randomly allocated into five groups in triplicate and received a waterborne concentration of 0% (control), 25%, and 50% of LC50 96 h of commercially available (C1 and C2) and green synthesized ZnO-NPs (GS1 and GS2) for 21 days. Results from XRD displayed ZnO-NPs with 58 nm in size and UV-vis DRS, EDX, and FT-IR analysis showed that some functional groups from plant extract bonded to the surface of NPs. The SEM images showed that ZnO-NPs have conical morphology. Acute toxicity study showed a higher dose of LC5096h for green synthesized ZnO-NPs (78.9 mg.L−1) compared to the commercial source (59.95 mg.L−1). The highest activity of lysozyme and alternative complement activity (ACH50) were found in control and GS1 groups. A significant decrease in alkaline phosphatase activity (ALP) was found in C1 and C2 groups compared to other treatments. Protease activity (P) was significantly decreased in the C2 group compared to the control and GS groups. Total immunoglobulin (total Ig) content was the highest in the control. In addition, total Ig in the GS1 group was higher than GS2. The exposure to ZnO-NPs lowered total protein content in all experimental groups when compared to control. Present findings revealed lower induced immunosuppressive effects by green synthesized ZnO-NPs on key parameters of fish skin mucus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghasem Rashidian
- Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Natural Resources and Marine Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Noor 4641776489, Iran
- Correspondence: (G.R.); (C.F.); Tel.:+98-9359487330 (G.R.); +39-090-6765213 (C.F.)
| | - Carlo C. Lazado
- Nofima, Norwegian Institute of Food Fisheries and Aquaculture Research, 1433 Ås, Norway;
| | - Heba H. Mahboub
- Department of Fish Diseases and Management, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt;
| | | | - Marko D. Prokić
- Department of Physiology, Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Hend S. Nada
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt;
| | - Caterina Faggio
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno d’Alcontres 31, 98166 S Agata-Messina, Italy
- Correspondence: (G.R.); (C.F.); Tel.:+98-9359487330 (G.R.); +39-090-6765213 (C.F.)
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Hamed HS, Ismal SM, Faggio C. Effect of allicin on antioxidant defense system, and immune response after carbofuran exposure in Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2021; 240:108919. [PMID: 33122135 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2020.108919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
In this work, allicin was evaluated as an immunostimulant and antioxidant agent preventing Nile tilapia; Oreochromis niloticus against carbofuran toxicity. Fish (60 ± 8 g) were allocated to five groups; the first group (control), the second group was fed 1 g/kg allicin-supplemented diets without carbofuran intoxication, the third group exposed to 1/10 LC50 carbofuran (0.246 mg/L). While the fourth, and fifth groups were fed allicin supplemented diet at concentration of 0.5 and 1 g/kg diet, respectively, and exposed to carbofuran at the same concentration similar to the one of the third group. After 30 days, fish exposed to carbofuran showed high ALT, AST, ALP, cholesterol, glucose, cortisol, uric acid, and creatinine levels. However, serum AChE, total proteins, immunoglobulins, and lysozyme activity were markedly (P ≤ 0.05) reduced in carbofuran exposed tilapia fish. Moreover, malondialdehyde (MDA) level was significantly increased in liver, and kidneys tissues of carbofuran exposed fish. Whereas, catalase (CAT) activity, superoxide dismutase (SOD), and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) were decreased (P ≤ 0.05) significantly in both liver, and kidneys tissues after exposure to carbofuran. Interestingly, tilapia fish treated with carbofuran (0.246 mg/L) and fed (0.5 and 1 g/kg diet) allicin in both the 4th & 5th groups, respectively, decreased serum biochemical parameters; and hepatorenal (MDA) levels, as well as increased AChE, immunological profile, and oxidative stress biomarkers. The results suggested that co- administration of allicin at the high dose is more capable of improving the biochemical, and immunological parameters, and tissue antioxidant responses of carbofuran treated fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heba S Hamed
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Women for Arts, Science & Education, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11757, Egypt.
| | - Somaya M Ismal
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Egypt; Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Bisha, 61922, P.O.551, Saudi Arabia
| | - Caterina Faggio
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.
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Rashidian G, Boldaji JT, Rainis S, Prokić MD, Faggio C. Oregano ( Origanum vulgare) Extract Enhances Zebrafish ( Danio rerio) Growth Performance, Serum and Mucus Innate Immune Responses and Resistance against Aeromonas hydrophila Challenge. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:299. [PMID: 33503883 PMCID: PMC7912135 DOI: 10.3390/ani11020299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the dietary effects of an ultrasound-assisted extract of Origanum vulgare on the growth, antioxidant and immune responses (serum and mucosal) and resistance of zebrafish (Danio rerio) against Aeromonas hydrophila. Four hundred and forty adult zebrafish were distributed into 12 tanks and fed 4 experimental diets including 0% (control), 0.5% (M1), 1% (M2) and 2% (M3) of the extract per kg-1 diet for eight weeks. Fish were then challenged with A. hydrophila and mortality was recorded for 10 days. Results revealed that the extract exerted potent effects on growth parameters of weight gain and specific growth rate. The feed conversion ratio was significantly lower in fish fed extract-incorporated diets. O. vulgare extract improved antioxidant and immune responses, resulting in less sensitivity to oxidative stress and a higher survival rate when challenged with A. hydrophila. Overall, the greatest effects were observed in individuals with 1% dietary inclusion of the extract. These results suggest that the extract from the plant Origanum vulgare possesses a great potential to be used in the aquaculture industry and that zebrafish is an appropriate model for nutrition studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghasem Rashidian
- Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Marine Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Noor 4641776489, Iran;
| | - Javad Tahmasebi Boldaji
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomolecolare (DISB), Facoltà di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Urbino “Carlo Bo”, Via Aurelio Saffi 2, 61029 Urbino, PU, Italy;
| | | | - Marko D. Prokić
- Department of Physiology, Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Caterina Faggio
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno d’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, ME, Italy
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Anticipatory plastic response of the cellular immune system in the face of future injury: chronic high perceived predation risk induces lymphocytosis in a cichlid fish. Oecologia 2020; 194:597-607. [PMID: 33095316 PMCID: PMC7683483 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-020-04781-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Vertebrate cellular immunity displays substantial variation among taxa and environments. Hematological parameters such as white blood-cell counts have emerged as a valuable tool to understand this variation by assessing the immunological status of individuals. These tools have long revealed that vertebrate cellular immune systems are highly plastic and respond to injury and infection. However, cellular immune systems may also be able to anticipate a high risk of injury from environmental cues (e.g., predation-related cues) and respond plastically ahead of time. We studied white blood-cell (leukocyte) profiles in African cichlids Pelvicachromis taeniatus that were raised for 4 years under different levels of perceived predation risk. In a split-clutch design, we raised fish from hatching onwards under chronic exposure to either conspecific alarm cues (communicating high predation risk) or a distilled water control treatment. Differential blood analysis revealed that alarm cue-exposed fish had twice as many lymphocytes in peripheral blood as did controls, a condition called lymphocytosis. The presence of a higher number of lymphocytes makes the cellular immune response more potent, which accelerates the removal of invading foreign antigens from the bloodstream, and, therefore, may be putatively beneficial in the face of injury. This observed lymphocytosis after long-term exposure to conspecific alarm cues constitutes first evidence for an anticipatory and adaptive plastic response of the cellular immune system to future immunological challenges.
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Van Doan H, Hoseinifar SH, Hung TQ, Lumsangkul C, Jaturasitha S, Paolucci M. Dietary inclusion of chestnut (Castanea sativa) polyphenols to Nile tilapia reared in biofloc technology: Impacts on growth, immunity, and disease resistance against Streptococcus agalactiae. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 105:319-326. [PMID: 32702475 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A feeding trial was carried out to examine the effects of adding chestnut (Castanea sativa) polyphenols (CSP) on the growth, skin mucus and serum immune parameters of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Five experimental diets with inclusion levels of 0, 1, 2, 4, and 8 g kg-1 of CSP were fed to Nile tilapia fingerlings (12.77 ± 0.17 g fish-1) during an eight-week trial. Fish were analyzed on the fourth and eighth week to determine the influences of CSP on growth, skin mucus, and serum immune parameters. Challenging test versus Streptococcus agalactiae was evaluated at the end of the trial. Fish fed with CSP enriched diets displayed a significant increase (P ≤ 0.05) in growth and a decline in feed conversion ratio (P ≤ 0.05). Similarly, skin mucus and serum immune parameters were significantly increased (P ≤ 0.05) in fish fed CSP with respect to the control. The effects were already evident four weeks after the CSP administration. The disease protection test displayed that the fish's survival rate was significantly higher (P < 0.05) in CSP diets over the control. The relative percentage of survival (RSP) was 62.5, 75.0, 58.3, and 37.5 in fish fed diets contained 1, 2, 4, and 8 g kg-1 CSP, respectively. The best effect on growth, immune response, and disease resistance were shown in Nile tilapia fed with a diet supplementation of 2 g kg-1 CSP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hien Van Doan
- Department of Animal and Aquatic Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand; Science and Technology Research Institute, Chiang Mai University, 239 Huay Keaw Rd., Suthep, Muang, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.
| | - Seyed Hossein Hoseinifar
- Department of Fisheries Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Tran Quang Hung
- University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Institute of Aquaculture and Protection of Waters, Na Sádkách 1780, 370 05, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Chompunut Lumsangkul
- Department of Animal and Aquatic Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Sanchai Jaturasitha
- Department of Animal and Aquatic Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand; Science and Technology Research Institute, Chiang Mai University, 239 Huay Keaw Rd., Suthep, Muang, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Marina Paolucci
- Department of Sciences and Technologies, University of Sannio, Benevento, 82100, Italy
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Zemheri-Navruz F, Acar Ü, Yılmaz S. Dietary supplementation of olive leaf extract enhances growth performance, digestive enzyme activity and growth related genes expression in common carp Cyprinus carpio. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2020; 296:113541. [PMID: 32585215 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2020.113541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
It is not desirable to use synthetic chemicals as growth promoters in aquaculture. Therefore, phytogenic compounds have been extensively studied in fish diets due to their growth promoter effects. Common carp (Cyprinus carpio) is widely distributed around the world and has been reared in Asia for several centuries. This study was conducted to determine the effects of olive leaf extract (OLE) (0, 0.1, 0.25, 0.50 and 1%) on the growth performance, digestive enzyme activity in the intestine and the expression levels of some growth-related genes in the brain. liver, head kidney and mucsle tissue of common carp C. carpio. At the end of the 60-day feeding period, there was a significant increase in growth performance in the OLE0.1 and OLE0.25 groups. Similar trends have been obtained for digestive enzyme activities such as α-amylase, protease and lipase. Morover, the expression of growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) was regulated by OLE supplemented by up to 0.25% in brain, liver, head kidney and muscle tissue. This study confirms that dietary OLE may enhance the growth performance of the common carp by activating the digestive enzyme activity in the intestine and increase the expression of genes (GH and IGF-I) related with growth in brain, liver, head kidneys and muscle tissue of common carp up to use 0.10% in diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahriye Zemheri-Navruz
- Bartın University, Faculty of Science, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Turkey
| | - Ümit Acar
- Department of Forestry, Bayramiç Vocational School, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale, Turkey.
| | - Sevdan Yılmaz
- Department of Aquaculture, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale, Turkey
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Abdel-Daim MM, Dawood MAO, AlKahtane AA, Abdeen A, Abdel-Latif HMR, Senousy HH, Aleya L, Alkahtani S. Spirulina platensis mediated the biochemical indices and antioxidative function of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) intoxicated with aflatoxin B 1. Toxicon 2020; 184:152-157. [PMID: 32531289 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2020.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Revised: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Aflatoxicosis is one of the threats that cause severe mortalities in fish farms. The dietary functional additives are a friendly approach attributed to beneficial effects on aquatic animals. The study aimed at evaluating the impact of Spirulina platensis (SP) on the biochemical indices and antioxidative function of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) intoxicated with aflatoxin B1 (AFB1). A control diet and 3 test diets were enriched with 0% SP/0 mg AFB1/kg (control), 1% SP (SP), 2.5 mg AFB1/kg diet (AFB1), and 1% SP+2.5 mg AFB1/kg diet (SP/AFB1). The diets were supplied to three aquaria for each group twice daily at the rate of 2.5% for 30 days. The blood alanine transaminase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and aspartate transaminase (AST) were significantly increased by AFB1 toxicity with regards to fish fed the control and SP diets (P < 0.05). The inclusion of SP in the diet of tilapia intoxicated with AFB1 lowered the levels of ALT, AST, and ALP in comparison to fish contaminated with AFB1 without SP (P < 0.05). The total blood protein and albumin were decreased in fish contaminated with AFB1 (P < 0.05); however, the dietary SP resulted in improving the blood protein and albumin with similar levels with the control and SP diets. The urea and creatinine were increased in tilapia fed AFB1 diet without SP (P < 0.05); however, the inclusion of SP reduced the levels of urea and creatinine with similar levels with the control and SP diets. The antioxidative capacity of Nile tilapia fed SP and contaminated with AFB1 is expressed by superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH), and malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration. The activities of SOD and GSH were decreased by AFB1 (P < 0.05); however, dietary SP increased the SOD and GSH in fish fed AFB1. On the other hand, the concentration of MDA was increased in tilapia fed AFB1 (P < 0.05); however, SP decreased the level of MDA in fish fed AFB1. In conclusion, the application of SP in the aquafeed seems to be an innovative approach to relieve the toxic influences of AFB1 on aquatic animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed M Abdel-Daim
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia; Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 41522, Egypt.
| | - Mahmoud A O Dawood
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, 33516, Egypt.
| | - Abdullah A AlKahtane
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Abdeen
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Toukh, 13736, Egypt; Center of Excellence for Screening of Environmental Contaminants, Benha University, Toukh, 13736, Egypt
| | - Hany M R Abdel-Latif
- Department of Poultry and Fish Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Edfina, 22758, Behera, Egypt
| | - Hoda H Senousy
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, 12613, Egypt
| | - Lotfi Aleya
- Chrono-Environnement Laboratory, UMR CNRS 6249, Bourgogne Franche-Comté University, F-25030, Besançon Cedex, France
| | - Saad Alkahtani
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Dawood MA, Metwally AES, El-Sharawy ME, Atta AM, Elbialy ZI, Abdel-Latif HM, Paray BA. The role of β-glucan in the growth, intestinal morphometry, and immune-related gene and heat shock protein expressions of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) under different stocking densities. AQUACULTURE 2020; 523:735205. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2020.735205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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