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Seko Y, Yamaguchi K, Shima T, Iwaki M, Takahashi H, Kawanaka M, Tanaka S, Mitsumoto Y, Yoneda M, Nakajima A, Okanoue T, Itoh Y. Differential Effects of Genetic Polymorphism on Comorbid Disease in Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2024; 22:1436-1443.e4. [PMID: 38604296 DOI: 10.1016/j.cgh.2024.02.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS PNPLA3 rs738409, TM6SF2 rs58542926, and HSD17B13 rs72613567 have been associated with an increased risk of liver-related events (LREs) in patients with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). In this study, we investigated the combined effects of these variants on LREs. METHODS The longitudinal multicenter cohort study enrolled 1178 patients with biopsy-proven MASLD. We calculated the genetic risk of hepatic fibrosis and LRE according to the impact of these variants. RESULTS Patients with genetic fibrosis scores of 2, 3, and 4 or 5 were at greater risk than patients with scores of 0 or 1, with odds ratios of 2.45 (95% CI, 1.27-4.74), 2.14 (95% CI, 1.17-3.94), and 2.54 (95% CI, 1.35-4.77), respectively. Multivariate analysis revealed that PNPLA3 and TM6SF2, but not HSD17B13, were associated significantly with LRE development. The hazard ratio of the genetic high-risk group for LRE was 1.91 (95% CI, 1.20-3.04). The higher risk of LRE development in the genetic high-risk group also was seen in patients with F ≥ 3 or Fibrosis-4 index > 2.67. The hazard ratios of the genetic high-risk group for LRE were greater in patients without obesity, without diabetes, and of younger age compared with patients with obesity, with diabetes, or of older age, respectively. CONCLUSIONS This combination of MASLD-related genetic variants is useful for predicting LREs in Japanese patients with MASLD. The genetic risk according to these variants is useful for LRE risk assessment, especially in patients without metabolic risk factors or in younger patients in Japan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuya Seko
- Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kamigyou-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kanji Yamaguchi
- Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kamigyou-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Toshihide Shima
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Saiseikai Suita Hospital, Suita, Japan
| | - Michihiro Iwaki
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Japan
| | | | - Miwa Kawanaka
- General Internal Medicine 2, General Medical Center, Kawasaki Medical School, Kita-ku, Okayama, Japan
| | - Saiyu Tanaka
- Center for Digestive and Liver Diseases, Nara City Hospital, Nara, Japan
| | - Yasuhide Mitsumoto
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Saiseikai Suita Hospital, Suita, Japan
| | - Masato Yoneda
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Atsushi Nakajima
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Takeshi Okanoue
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Saiseikai Suita Hospital, Suita, Japan.
| | - Yoshito Itoh
- Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kamigyou-ku, Kyoto, Japan
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Seko Y, Yamaguchi K, Shima T, Iwaki M, Takahashi H, Kawanaka M, Tanaka S, Mitsumoto Y, Yoneda M, Nakajima A, Fjellström O, Blau JE, Carlsson B, Okanoue T, Itoh Y. The greater impact of PNPLA3 polymorphism on liver-related events in Japanese non-alcoholic fatty liver disease patients: A multicentre cohort study. Liver Int 2023; 43:2210-2219. [PMID: 37470077 DOI: 10.1111/liv.15678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS PNPLA3 rs738409 has been associated with an increased risk of liver-related events in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). In this study, we investigated the epidemiology of NAFLD and the impact of PNPLA3 on prognosis in Japan. METHODS A longitudinal multicentre cohort study, the JAGUAR study, includes 1550 patients with biopsy-proven NAFLD in Japan. We performed genetic testing and evaluated outcomes from this cohort. Liver-related events were defined as hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and decompensated liver cirrhosis events. RESULTS During follow-up (median [range], 7.1 [1.0-24.0] years), 80 patients developed HCC, 104 developed liver-related events, and 59 died of any cause. The 5-year rate of liver-related events for each single-nucleotide polymorphism was 0.5% for CC, 3.8% for CG, and 5.8% for GG. Liver-related deaths were the most common (n = 28); only three deaths were due to cardiovascular disease. Multivariate analysis identified carriage of PNPLA3 CG/GG (hazard ratio [HR] 16.04, p = .006) and FIB-4 index >2.67 (HR 10.70, p < .01) as predictors of liver-related event development. No HCC or liver-related death was found among patients with PNPLA3 CC. There was a significantly increased risk of HCC, liver-related events, and mortality for CG/GG versus CC, but no difference between the CG and GG genotypes. CONCLUSIONS In Japanese individuals, the main cause of death from NAFLD is liver-related death. The greater risk of liver-related events incurred by PNPLA3 G allele was shown in Japan. Risk stratification for NAFLD in Japan is best accomplished by integrating PNPLA3 with the FIB-4 index.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuya Seko
- Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kanji Yamaguchi
- Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Toshihide Shima
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Saiseikai Suita Hospital, Suita, Japan
| | - Michihiro Iwaki
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | | | - Miwa Kawanaka
- General Internal Medicine 2, General Medical Center, Kawasaki Medical School, Okayama, Japan
| | - Saiyu Tanaka
- Center for Digestive and Liver Diseases, Nara City Hospital, Nara, Japan
| | - Yasuhide Mitsumoto
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Saiseikai Suita Hospital, Suita, Japan
| | - Masato Yoneda
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Atsushi Nakajima
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Ola Fjellström
- Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jenny E Blau
- Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA
| | - Björn Carlsson
- Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Takeshi Okanoue
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Saiseikai Suita Hospital, Suita, Japan
| | - Yoshito Itoh
- Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
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Toda-Oti KS, Stefano JT, Cavaleiro AM, Carrilho FJ, Correa-Gianella ML, Oliveira CPMDSD. Association of UCP3 Polymorphisms with Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis and Metabolic Syndrome in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Brazilian Patients. Metab Syndr Relat Disord 2022; 20:114-123. [PMID: 35020496 DOI: 10.1089/met.2020.0104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: We investigated the possible association of uncoupling protein 3 gene (UCP3) single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and metabolic syndrome (MetS) in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) Brazilian patients. Methods: UCP3 SNPs rs1726745, rs3781907, and rs11235972 were genotyped in 158 biopsy-proven NAFLD Brazilian patients. Statistics was performed with JMP, R, and SHEsis softwares. Results: The TT genotype of rs1726745 was associated with less occurrence of MetS (P = 0.006) and with lower body mass index (BMI) in the entire NAFLD sample (P = 0.01) and in the NASH group (P = 0.02). The rs1726745-T was associated with lower values of AST (P = 0.001), ALT (P = 0.0002), triglycerides (P = 0.01), and total cholesterol (P = 0.02) in the entire NAFLD sample. Between groups, there were lower values of aminotransferases strictly in individuals with NASH (AST, P = 0.002; ALT, P = 0.0007) and with MetS (AST, P = 0.002; ALT, P = 0.001). The rs3781907-G was associated with lower GGT elevation values in the entire NAFLD sample (P = 0.002), in the NASH group (P = 0.004), and with MetS group (P = 0.003) and with protection for advanced fibrosis (P = 0.01). The rs11235972-A was associated with lower GGT values in the entire NAFLD sample (P = 0.006) and in the NASH group (P = 0.01) and with MetS group (P = 0.005), with fibrosis absence (P = 0.01) and protection for advanced fibrosis (P = 0.01). The TAA haplotype was protective for NASH (P = 0.002), and TGG haplotype was protective for MetS (P = 0.01). Conclusion: UCP3 gene variants were associated with protection against NASH and MetS, in addition to lower values of liver enzymes, lipid profile, BMI and, lesser fibrosis severity in the studied population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karla Sawada Toda-Oti
- Departamento de Gastroenterologia, Faculdade de Medicina da, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - José Tadeu Stefano
- Laboratório de Gastroenterologia Clínica e Experimental (LIM-07), Departamento de Gastroenterologia e Hepatologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Hospital das Clínicas HC-FMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Mercedes Cavaleiro
- Laboratório de Carboidratos e Radioimunensaio (LIM-18), Hospital das Clínicas HC-FMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Flair José Carrilho
- Departamento de Gastroenterologia, Faculdade de Medicina da, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Laboratório de Gastroenterologia Clínica e Experimental (LIM-07), Departamento de Gastroenterologia e Hepatologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Hospital das Clínicas HC-FMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria Lúcia Correa-Gianella
- Laboratório de Carboidratos e Radioimunensaio (LIM-18), Hospital das Clínicas HC-FMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-graduação em Medicina, Universidade Nove de Julho (UNINOVE), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cláudia Pinto Marques de Souza de Oliveira
- Departamento de Gastroenterologia, Faculdade de Medicina da, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Laboratório de Gastroenterologia Clínica e Experimental (LIM-07), Departamento de Gastroenterologia e Hepatologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Hospital das Clínicas HC-FMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Petrtýl J, Dvořák K, Stříteský J, Leníček M, Jirásková A, Šmíd V, Haluzík M, Brůha R, Vítek L. Association of Serum Bilirubin and Functional Variants of Heme Oxygenase 1 and Bilirubin UDP-Glucuronosyl Transferase Genes in Czech Adult Patients with Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10122000. [PMID: 34943103 PMCID: PMC8698489 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10122000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most prevalent chronic liver disorder worldwide. The aim of our study was to assess the role of bilirubin, and the heme oxygenase 1 (HMOX1) and bilirubin UDP-glucuronosyl transferase (UGT1A1) promoter gene variants, which are involved in bilirubin homeostasis, in the NAFLD development in adult patients. The study was performed on 84 patients with NAFLD and 103 age/sex-matched controls. Routine biochemistry, inflammatory markers, adipokines, and the fibrosis/steatohepatitis stage were determined in the NAFLD patients. The (GT)n/(TA)n dinucleotide variations in HMOX1/UGT1A1 gene promoters, respectively, were analyzed by fragment analysis. Compared to controls, serum bilirubin concentrations in NAFLD patients tended to be decreased, while the prevalence of phenotypic Gilbert syndrome was significantly low. Genetic variations in HMOX1 and UGT1A1 gene promoters did not differ between NAFLD patients and controls, and no relationship was found in the NAFLD patients between these gene variants and any of the laboratory or histological parameters. In conclusion, metabolism of bilirubin is dysregulated in NAFLD patients, most likely due to increased oxidative stress, since frequencies of the major functional variants in the HMOX1 or UGT1A1 gene promoters did not have any effect on development of NAFLD in adult patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaromír Petrtýl
- 4th Department of Internal Medicine, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, 120 00 Prague, Czech Republic; (J.P.); (K.D.); (V.Š.)
| | - Karel Dvořák
- 4th Department of Internal Medicine, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, 120 00 Prague, Czech Republic; (J.P.); (K.D.); (V.Š.)
| | - Jan Stříteský
- Institute of Pathology, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, 120 00 Prague, Czech Republic;
| | - Martin Leníček
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, 120 00 Prague, Czech Republic; (M.L.); (A.J.); (M.H.)
| | - Alena Jirásková
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, 120 00 Prague, Czech Republic; (M.L.); (A.J.); (M.H.)
| | - Václav Šmíd
- 4th Department of Internal Medicine, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, 120 00 Prague, Czech Republic; (J.P.); (K.D.); (V.Š.)
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, 120 00 Prague, Czech Republic; (M.L.); (A.J.); (M.H.)
| | - Martin Haluzík
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, 120 00 Prague, Czech Republic; (M.L.); (A.J.); (M.H.)
- Institute of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, 140 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Radan Brůha
- 4th Department of Internal Medicine, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, 120 00 Prague, Czech Republic; (J.P.); (K.D.); (V.Š.)
- Correspondence: (R.B.); (L.V.); Tel.: +420-224-962-506 (R.B.); +420-224-964-203 (L.V.)
| | - Libor Vítek
- 4th Department of Internal Medicine, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, 120 00 Prague, Czech Republic; (J.P.); (K.D.); (V.Š.)
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, 120 00 Prague, Czech Republic; (M.L.); (A.J.); (M.H.)
- Correspondence: (R.B.); (L.V.); Tel.: +420-224-962-506 (R.B.); +420-224-964-203 (L.V.)
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Hliwa A, Ramos-Molina B, Laski D, Mika A, Sledzinski T. The Role of Fatty Acids in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Progression: An Update. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22136900. [PMID: 34199035 PMCID: PMC8269415 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22136900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a major public health problem worldwide. NAFLD (both simple steatosis and steatohepatitis) is characterized by alterations in hepatic lipid metabolism, which may lead to the development of severe liver complications including cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Thus, an exhaustive examination of lipid disorders in the liver of NAFLD patients is much needed. Mass spectrometry-based lipidomics platforms allow for in-depth analysis of lipid alterations in a number of human diseases, including NAFLD. This review summarizes the current research on lipid alterations associated with NAFLD and related complications, with special emphasis on the changes in long-chain and short-chain fatty acids levels in both serum and liver tissue, as well as in the hepatic expression of genes encoding the enzymes catalyzing lipid interconversions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Hliwa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, Debinki 1, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland; (A.H.); (A.M.)
| | - Bruno Ramos-Molina
- Obesity and Metabolism Group, Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca), 30120 Murcia, Spain;
| | - Dariusz Laski
- Department of General, Endocrine and Transplant Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Smoluchowskiego 17, 80-214 Gdansk, Poland;
| | - Adriana Mika
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, Debinki 1, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland; (A.H.); (A.M.)
| | - Tomasz Sledzinski
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, Debinki 1, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland; (A.H.); (A.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-58-3491479
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Frías M, Rivero-Juárez A, Machuca I, Camacho Á, Rivero A. The outlook for precision medicine for the treatment of chronic hepatitis C infection: challenges and opportunities. EXPERT REVIEW OF PRECISION MEDICINE AND DRUG DEVELOPMENT 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/23808993.2020.1764346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mario Frías
- Clinical Virology and Zoonoses, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía de Córdoba. Instituto Maimonides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Universidad de Córdoba, Spain
| | - Antonio Rivero-Juárez
- Clinical Virology and Zoonoses, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía de Córdoba. Instituto Maimonides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Universidad de Córdoba, Spain
| | - Isabel Machuca
- Clinical Virology and Zoonoses, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía de Córdoba. Instituto Maimonides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Universidad de Córdoba, Spain
| | - Ángela Camacho
- Clinical Virology and Zoonoses, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía de Córdoba. Instituto Maimonides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Universidad de Córdoba, Spain
| | - Antonio Rivero
- Clinical Virology and Zoonoses, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía de Córdoba. Instituto Maimonides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Universidad de Córdoba, Spain
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Liu J, Lin B, Chen Z, Deng M, Wang Y, Wang J, Chen L, Zhang Z, Xiao X, Chen C, Song Y. Identification of key pathways and genes in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease using bioinformatics analysis. Arch Med Sci 2020; 16:374-385. [PMID: 32190149 PMCID: PMC7069441 DOI: 10.5114/aoms.2020.93343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the most common types of liver disease in the world. However, the molecular mechanisms regulating the development of NAFLD have remained unclear. MATERIAL AND METHODS In the present study, we analyzed two public datasets (GSE48452 and GSE89632) to identify differentially expressed mRNAs in the progression of NAFLD. Next, we performed bioinformatics analysis to explore key pathways underlying NAFLD development. RESULTS Gene Ontology (GO) analysis showed that differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were mainly involved in regulating a series of metabolism-related pathways (including proteolysis and lipid metabolism), cell proliferation and adhesion, the inflammatory response, and the immune response. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis showed that DEGs in NAFLD were mainly enriched in the insulin signaling pathway, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) signaling pathway, and p53 signaling pathway. We also constructed protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks for these DEGs. Interestingly, we observed that key hub nodes in PPI networks were also associated with the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). CONCLUSIONS Taken together, our analysis revealed that a series of pathways, such as metabolism and PPAR signaling pathways, were involved in NAFLD development. Moreover, we observed that many DEGs in NAFLD were also dysregulated in HCC. Although further validation is still needed, we believe this study could provide useful information to explore the potential candidate biomarkers for diagnosis, prognosis, and drug targets of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingqi Liu
- Department of Geriatrics, Zhongshan Hospital affiliated to Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Bogeng Lin
- Department of Geriatrics, Zhongshan Hospital affiliated to Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Zhiqing Chen
- Department of Geriatrics, Zhongshan Hospital affiliated to Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Manxiang Deng
- Department of Geriatrics, Zhongshan Hospital affiliated to Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Ye Wang
- Department of Geriatrics, Zhongshan Hospital affiliated to Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Jisu Wang
- Department of Geriatrics, Zhongshan Hospital affiliated to Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Luling Chen
- Department of Geriatrics, Zhongshan Hospital affiliated to Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Zhenyu Zhang
- Department of Geriatrics, Zhongshan Hospital affiliated to Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Xueling Xiao
- Department of Geriatrics, Zhongshan Hospital affiliated to Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Chunlin Chen
- Department of Geriatrics, Zhongshan Hospital affiliated to Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Yang Song
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongshan Hospital affiliated to Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
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Akbulut UE, Emeksiz HC, Citli S, Cebi AH, Korkmaz HAA, Baki G. IL‐17A, MCP‐1, CCR‐2, and ABCA1 polymorphisms in children with non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease. JORNAL DE PEDIATRIA (VERSÃO EM PORTUGUÊS) 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedp.2018.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
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IL-17A, MCP-1, CCR-2, and ABCA1 polymorphisms in children with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. J Pediatr (Rio J) 2019; 95:350-357. [PMID: 29733805 DOI: 10.1016/j.jped.2018.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Revised: 03/17/2018] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in children has risen significantly, owing to the worldwide childhood obesity epidemic in the last two decades. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is closely linked to sedentary lifestyle, increased body mass index, and visceral adiposity. In addition, individual genetic variations also have a role in the development and progression of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. The aim of this study was to investigate the gene polymorphisms of MCP-1 (-2518 A/G) (rs1024611), CCR-2 (190 G/A) (rs1799864), ABCA1 (883 G/A) (rs4149313), and IL-17A (-197 G/A) (rs2275913) in obese Turkish children with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. METHODS The study recruited 186 obese children aged 10-17 years, including 101 children with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and 85 children without non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Anthropometric measurements, insulin resistance, a liver panel, a lipid profile, liver ultrasound examination, and genotyping of the four variants were performed. RESULTS No difference was found between the groups in respect to age and gender, body mass index, waist/hip ratio, or body fat ratio. In addition to the elevated ALT levels, AST and GGT levels were found significantly higher in the non-alcoholic fatty liver disease group compared to the non non-alcoholic fatty liver disease group (p<0.05). The A-allele of IL-17A (-197 G/A) (rs2275913) was associated with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (odds ratio [OR] 2.05, 95% confidence interval: 1.12-3.77, p=0.02). CONCLUSIONS The findings of this study suggest that there may be an association between IL-17A (-197 G/A) (rs2275913) polymorphism and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease development in obese Turkish children.
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Kamfar S, Alavian SM, Hasrak K, Houshmand M, Seifi Zarei B, Khalaj A, Homaunpur F, Saidijam M. Analysis of Mitochondrial 4977-bp Deletion and D-Loop Variation in Iranian Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Patients. HEPATITIS MONTHLY 2019; In Press. [DOI: 10.5812/hepatmon.84553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023]
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Seko Y, Yamaguchi K, Mizuno N, Okuda K, Takemura M, Taketani H, Hara T, Umemura A, Nishikawa T, Moriguchi M, Yasui K, Kamaguchi M, Nishioji K, Mochizuki N, Kobayashi M, Mori K, Tanaka S, Matsuura K, Tanaka Y, Itoh Y. Combination of PNPLA3 and TLL1 polymorphism can predict advanced fibrosis in Japanese patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. J Gastroenterol 2018; 53:438-448. [PMID: 28744823 DOI: 10.1007/s00535-017-1372-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatic fibrosis is an independent risk factor for mortality and liver-related events in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). PNPLA3 rs738409 has been associated with fibrosis in viral and non-viral hepatitis. TLL1 rs17047200 also has been associated with developing hepatocellular carcinoma probably via hepatic fibrogenesis. We estimated the impact of these genetic polymorphisms on hepatic fibrosis in Japanese patients with NAFLD. METHODS We analyzed the association between these genetic variants and the backgrounds of 817 individuals who received health checkups (health check cohort) from 2012 to 2014. Then, we investigated the relationship between genetic variants and liver histology in 258 consecutive patients with biopsy-proven NAFLD in Japan (NAFLD cohort) from 2012 to 2017 (UMIN000027399). RESULTS The prevalence of PNPLA3 CG/GG in the NAFLD cohort was higher than that in the health check cohort (p < 0.001). The prevalence of patients with advanced fibrosis (stages 3-4) was higher for PNPLA3 genotype CG/GG than CC (p = 0.048) and for TLL1 genotype AT/TT than AA (p = 0.044). The high-risk group which had at least two risk alleles of these variants was more likely to have advanced fibrosis (p = 0.004). Multivariate analysis identified body mass index [odds ratio (OR) 1.123, serum AST (OR 1.037, p = 0.004], serum albumin (OR 0.247, p = 0.032), and genetic high risk (OR 2.632, p = 0.026) as predictors of advanced fibrosis. CONCLUSIONS In Japanese patients with NAFLD, individuals with risk alleles of PNPLA3 and TLL1 may have a risk of advanced fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuya Seko
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamigyou-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Kanji Yamaguchi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamigyou-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Naoki Mizuno
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamigyou-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Keiichiro Okuda
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamigyou-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Masashi Takemura
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamigyou-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Hiroyoshi Taketani
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamigyou-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Tasuku Hara
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamigyou-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Atsushi Umemura
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamigyou-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Taichiro Nishikawa
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamigyou-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Michihisa Moriguchi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamigyou-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Kohichiroh Yasui
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamigyou-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Mai Kamaguchi
- Health Care Division, Kyoto Second Red Cross Hospital, Kyoto, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kenichi Nishioji
- Health Care Division, Kyoto Second Red Cross Hospital, Kyoto, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Naomi Mochizuki
- Health Care Division, Kyoto Second Red Cross Hospital, Kyoto, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masao Kobayashi
- Health Care Division, Kyoto Second Red Cross Hospital, Kyoto, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kojiroh Mori
- Center for Digestive and Liver Diseases, Nara City Hospital, Nara, Japan
| | - Saiyu Tanaka
- Center for Digestive and Liver Diseases, Nara City Hospital, Nara, Japan
| | - Kentaro Matsuura
- Department of Virology and Liver Unit, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yasuhito Tanaka
- Department of Virology and Liver Unit, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yoshito Itoh
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamigyou-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan.
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12
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The genetic backgrounds in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Clin J Gastroenterol 2018; 11:97-102. [PMID: 29492830 DOI: 10.1007/s12328-018-0841-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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13
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Seko Y, Sumida Y, Tanaka S, Mori K, Taketani H, Ishiba H, Hara T, Okajima A, Umemura A, Nishikawa T, Yamaguchi K, Moriguchi M, Kanemasa K, Yasui K, Imai S, Shimada K, Itoh Y. Development of hepatocellular carcinoma in Japanese patients with biopsy-proven non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: Association between PNPLA3 genotype and hepatocarcinogenesis/fibrosis progression. Hepatol Res 2017; 47:1083-1092. [PMID: 27862719 DOI: 10.1111/hepr.12840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Revised: 10/30/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
AIM Some patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) develop hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Patatin-like phospholipase domain containing 3 (PNPLA3) rs738409 (encoding the I148M variant) has been associated with advanced fibrosis and HCC. We determined the risk factors for HCC, including the PNPLA3 rs738409 polymorphism, in Japanese patients with biopsy-proven NAFLD. METHODS In this retrospective cohort study, we analyzed hepatocarcinogenesis in 238 patients. PNPLA3 rs738409 genotype was determined by allelic discrimination in 130 patients. Among them, 86 patients who were followed up for >5 years and without liver cirrhosis were analyzed to clarify the relationship between PNPLA3 genotype and long-term changes in biomarkers. RESULTS Of 238 patients, PNPLA3 genotype frequencies were: CC, 0.14; CG, 0.46; and GG, 0.40. During a follow-up period of 6.1 years, 10 patients (4.2%) with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis developed HCC. The cumulative rate of HCC was 1.9% at the end of the 5th year and 8.3% at the end of the 10th year. Multivariate analysis identified PNPLA3 genotype GG (hazard ratio, 6.36; P = 0.019) and fibrosis stage (fibrosis stage 3/4; hazard ratio, 24.4; P = 0.011) as predictors of HCC development. In the long follow-up cohort, a larger reduction in platelet count was found in the GG group (P = 0.032) despite a larger reduction in alanine aminotransferase (P = 0.023) compared to that in the CC/CG group. CONCLUSIONS In Japanese patients with NAFLD, severe fibrosis and PNPLA3 GG genotype were predictors of HCC development, independent of other known risk factors. Patients with the PNPLA3 GG genotype have the potential for a decreased platelet count, even when alanine aminotransferase levels are well controlled.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuya Seko
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto
| | - Yoshio Sumida
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto
| | - Saiyu Tanaka
- Center for Digestive and Liver Diseases, Nara City Hospital, Nara
| | - Kojiroh Mori
- Center for Digestive and Liver Diseases, Nara City Hospital, Nara
| | - Hiroyoshi Taketani
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto
| | - Hiroshi Ishiba
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto
| | - Tasuku Hara
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto
| | - Akira Okajima
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto
| | - Atsushi Umemura
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto
| | - Taichiro Nishikawa
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto
| | - Kanji Yamaguchi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto
| | - Michihisa Moriguchi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto
| | | | - Kohichiroh Yasui
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto
| | - Shunsuke Imai
- Department of Pathology, Nara City Hospital, Nara, Japan
| | - Keiji Shimada
- Department of Pathology, Nara City Hospital, Nara, Japan
| | - Yoshito Itoh
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto
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Cheng Y, Ping J, Chen J. Identification of Potential Gene Network Associated with HCV-Related Hepatocellular Carcinoma Using Microarray Analysis. Pathol Oncol Res 2017; 24:507-514. [PMID: 28669080 DOI: 10.1007/s12253-017-0273-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In order to identify potential specific gene networks of Hepatitis C virus (HCV) related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) was performed, which may provide an insight into the potential mechanism of the HCC development. HCV-related HCC and normal sample data were downloaded from GEO, T test of limma package was used to screen different expression genes (DEGs); KEGG pathway was used to analyze related biochemical pathways, and WGCNA was used to construct clustering trees and screen hub genes in the HCC-specific modules. A total of 1151 DEGs were authenticated between the HCC and normal liver tissue samples, including 433 upregulated and 718 downregulated genes. Among these genes, three specific modules of HCC were constructed, including Tan, Yellow and Cyan, but only Yellow module had a significant enrichment score in substance combination module with three hub genes: SLA2547, EFNA4 and MME. Although Tan and Cyan separately had four and three hub genes, but the bio-functions of them did not have significant enrichment scores (score < 2). SLA2547, EFNA4 and MME may play important roles in the substance combination of HCV-related HCC, so studying the function of this gene network may provide us a deeper understanding of HCV-related HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Cheng
- Department of Liver Disease, Hospital for Infectious Diseases of Pudong New Area, No.46 Nong 3018, East Huaxia Road, Shanghai, 201299, People's Republic of China.,Shuguang Hospital affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Ping
- Shuguang Hospital affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianjie Chen
- Department of Liver Disease, Hospital for Infectious Diseases of Pudong New Area, No.46 Nong 3018, East Huaxia Road, Shanghai, 201299, People's Republic of China. .,Shuguang Hospital affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, People's Republic of China.
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15
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Sookoian S, Pirola CJ. Genetic predisposition in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Clin Mol Hepatol 2017; 23:1-12. [PMID: 28268262 PMCID: PMC5381829 DOI: 10.3350/cmh.2016.0109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common chronic liver disease whose prevalence has reached global epidemic proportions. Although the disease is relatively benign in the early stages, when severe clinical forms, including nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), cirrhosis and even hepatocellular carcinoma, occur, they result in worsening the long-term prognosis. A growing body of evidence indicates that NAFLD develops from a complex process in which many factors, including genetic susceptibility and environmental insults, are involved. In this review, we focused on the genetic component of NAFLD, with special emphasis on the role of genetics in the disease pathogenesis and natural history. Insights into the topic of the genetic susceptibility in lean individuals with NAFLD and the potential use of genetic tests in identifying individuals at risk are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Sookoian
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Hepatology, Institute of Medical Research A Lanari-IDIM, University of Buenos Aires - National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Carlos J Pirola
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Biology of Complex Diseases, Institute of Medical Research A Lanari-IDIM, University of Buenos Aires - National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
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16
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Kamfar S, Alavian SM, Houshmand M, Yadegarazari R, Seifi Zarei B, Khalaj A, Shabab N, Saidijam M. Liver Mitochondrial DNA Copy Number and Deletion Levels May Contribute to Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Susceptibility. HEPATITIS MONTHLY 2016; 16:e40774. [PMID: 28123441 PMCID: PMC5237470 DOI: 10.5812/hepatmon.40774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Revised: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 11/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is growing evidence that deficiencies observed in the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) functions could play an important role in the pathogenesis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). We hypothesized that genetic variations in mtDNA could affect the mitochondrial function and contribute to the NAFLD susceptibility. OBJECTIVES In this study, the possible association of the mtDNA copy number and 4,977-bp deletion levels with NAFLD susceptibility in a sample of Iranian population was evaluated. METHODS This case-control study included 43 NAFLD patients and 20 control subjects. Genomic DNA was extracted from fresh liver tissue samples by using a DNA isolation kit. The mtDNA copy number and mtDNA deletion levels were measured by quantitative real-time PCR and multiplex PCR. RESULTS The relative expression of mtDNA copy number was 3.7 fold higher in NAFLD patients than healthy controls (P < 0.0001). The results remained significant after adjustment for age, BMI, and gender (P = 0.02). In addition, the mtDNA copy number was 4.3 (P < 0.0001) and 3.2-fold (P < 0.0001) higher in nonalcoholic fatty liver (NAFL) and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) patients than healthy controls, respectively. Finally, the results showed that the 4,977-bp deletion is not detected in any of liver tissue samples obtained from the 20 control subjects whereas 8 out of 43 NAFLD patients (18.6%) showed the 4,977 -bp deletion in their liver tissues (P = 0.039). CONCLUSIONS This study indicated an association between mtDNA content in the liver tissue and NAFLD susceptibility that may be a consequence of compensatory response to the cumulative exposures to oxidative damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharareh Kamfar
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, IR Iran
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, IR Iran
| | - Seyed Moayed Alavian
- Baqiyatallah Research Center for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases (BRCGL), Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
- Middle East Liver Diseases (MELD) Center, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Massoud Houshmand
- Department of Medical Genetics, National Institute for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Reza Yadegarazari
- Shohada Hospital of Harsin, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, IR Iran
| | - Bahram Seifi Zarei
- School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti Hospital, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, IR Iran
| | - Alireza Khalaj
- Obesity Treatment Center, Department of Surgery, Shahed University, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Noshin Shabab
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, IR Iran
| | - Massoud Saidijam
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, IR Iran
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, IR Iran
- Corresponding Author: Massoud Saidijam, Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, IR Iran. Tel: +98-8138380462, Fax: +98-8138380464, E-mail:
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Honda Y, Yoneda M, Kessoku T, Ogawa Y, Tomeno W, Imajo K, Mawatari H, Fujita K, Hyogo H, Ueno T, Chayama K, Saito S, Nakajima A, Hotta K. Characteristics of non-obese non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: Effect of genetic and environmental factors. Hepatol Res 2016; 46:1011-8. [PMID: 26763865 DOI: 10.1111/hepr.12648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Revised: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
AIM There are a considerable number of patients with non-obese non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, the clinical characteristics of non-obese NAFLD is not fully understood. We investigated genetic and other clinical parameters in non-obese and obese NAFLD. METHODS The single nucleotide polymorphism rs738409 in the patatin-like phospholipase 3 gene (PNPLA3) was genotyped by the Invader assay in 540 NAFLD patients (134 non-obese and 406 obese) and 1012 control subjects (782 non-obese and 230 obese). All NAFLD patients underwent liver biopsy. Odds ratios were calculated by multiple logistic regression analysis using age, sex, body mass index (BMI), type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and rs738409 genotype as explanatory variables. RESULTS Non-obese NAFLD subjects had a higher rs738409 GG genotype than obese NAFLD. Multiple logistic regression analysis indicated that the odds ratios of T2DM and rs738409 GG genotype for NAFLD were higher in non-obese than in obese groups. In non-obese NAFLD, rs738409 GG genotype was associated with lobular inflammation, hepatocyte ballooning and NAFLD activity score. In obese NAFLD, BMI and T2DM but not rs738409 GG genotype were associated with severity of histology. CONCLUSION We demonstrated that the risk factors for the development and progression of NAFLD were different between non-obese and obese patients and that PNPLA3 rs738409 was strongly associated with the development and progression of non-obese NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasushi Honda
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Masato Yoneda
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Takaomi Kessoku
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yuji Ogawa
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Wataru Tomeno
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kento Imajo
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Hironori Mawatari
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Koji Fujita
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Hyogo
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, JA Hiroshima General Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Takato Ueno
- Research Center for Innovative Cancer Therapy, Kurume University, Kurume, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Chayama
- Department of Medicine and Molecular Science, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Satoru Saito
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Atsushi Nakajima
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kikuko Hotta
- Department of Medical Innovation, Osaka University Hospital, Osaka, Japan
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Adi N, Adi J, Lassance-Soares RM, Kurlansky P, Yu H, Webster KA. High protein/fish oil diet prevents hepatic steatosis in NONcNZO10 mice; association with diet/genetics-regulated micro-RNAs. JOURNAL OF DIABETES & METABOLISM 2016; 7:676. [PMID: 28529818 PMCID: PMC5436721 DOI: 10.4172/2155-6156.1000676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE NONcNZO10 (NZ10) mice are predisposed to obesity and develop type 2 diabetes (T2D) and hepatic steatosis even when maintained on a control diet (CD) of 6% fat. Studies were designed to determine whether this extreme susceptibility phenotype could be alleviated by diet and if so the molecular targets of diet. METHODS NZ10 and SWR/J (SWR) control mice were fed a CD or a test diet of high protein and fish oil (HPO) for 19 weeks and then analyzed for steatosis, blood chemistry, hepatic gene and micro-RNA expression. RESULTS HPO diet prevented steatosis, significantly increased serum adiponectin and reduced serum cholesterol and triglycerides only in NZ10 mice. The HPO diet repressed hepatic expression of fatty acid metabolic regulators including PPAR-γ, sterol regulatory element-binding protein-c1, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma co-activator-1, fatty acid synthase, fatty acid binding protein-4, and apolipoprotein A4 genes only in NZ10 mice. Also repressed by a HPO diet were adiponectinR2 receptor, leptin-R, PPAR-α, pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase isoforms 2 and 4, AKT2 and GSK3β. Micro-RNA (miR) arrays identified miRs that were diet and/or genetics regulated. QRTPCR confirmed increased expression of miR-205 and suppression of a series of miRs including miRs-411, 155, 335 and 21 in the NZ10-HPO group, each of which are implicated in the progression of diabetes and/or steatosis. Evidence is presented that miR-205 co-regulates with PPARγ and may regulate fibrosis and EMT during the progression of steatosis in the livers of NZ10-CD mice. The dietary responses of miR-205 are tissue-specific with opposite effects in adipose and liver. CONCLUSION The results confirm that a HPO diet overrides the genetic susceptibility of NZ10 mice and this correlates with the suppression of key genes and perhaps micro-RNAs involved in hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia and inflammation including master PPAR regulators, adiponectin and leptin receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikhil Adi
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL
- Vascular Biology Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL
| | - Jennipher Adi
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL
- Vascular Biology Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL
| | - Roberta Marques Lassance-Soares
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL
- Vascular Biology Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL
| | | | - Hong Yu
- Vascular Biology Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL
- Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, College of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Keith A. Webster
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL
- Vascular Biology Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL
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Tryndyak VP, Han T, Fuscoe JC, Ross SA, Beland FA, Pogribny IP. Status of hepatic DNA methylome predetermines and modulates the severity of non-alcoholic fatty liver injury in mice. BMC Genomics 2016; 17:298. [PMID: 27103143 PMCID: PMC4840954 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-016-2617-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Accepted: 04/13/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a major health problem and a leading cause of chronic liver disease in the United States and Western countries. In humans, genetic factors greatly influence individual susceptibility to NAFLD; nonetheless, the effect of inter-individual differences in the normal liver epigenome with regard to the susceptibility to NAFLD has not been determined. Results In the present study, we investigated the association between the DNA methylation status in the livers of A/J and WSB/EiJ mice and the severity of NAFLD-associated liver injury. We demonstrate that A/J and WSB/EiJ mice, which are characterized by significant differences in the severity of liver injury induced by a choline- and folate-deficient (CFD) diet exhibit substantial differences in cytosine DNA methylation in their normal livers. Furthermore, feeding A/J and WSB/EiJ mice a CFD diet for 12 weeks resulted in different trends and changes in hepatic cytosine DNA methylation. Conclusion Our findings indicate a primary role of hepatic DNA methylation in the pathogenesis of NAFLD and suggest that individual variations in DNA methylation across the genome may be a factor determining and influencing the vulnerability to NAFLD. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-016-2617-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Volodymyr P Tryndyak
- Division of Biochemical Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, FDA, 3900 NCTR Rd, Jefferson, AR, 72079, USA
| | - Tao Han
- Division of Systems Biology, National Center for Toxicological Research, FDA, Jefferson, AR, USA
| | - James C Fuscoe
- Division of Systems Biology, National Center for Toxicological Research, FDA, Jefferson, AR, USA
| | - Sharon A Ross
- Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Frederick A Beland
- Division of Biochemical Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, FDA, 3900 NCTR Rd, Jefferson, AR, 72079, USA
| | - Igor P Pogribny
- Division of Biochemical Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, FDA, 3900 NCTR Rd, Jefferson, AR, 72079, USA.
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20
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Chatterjee A, Basu A, Chowdhury A, Das K, Sarkar-Roy N, Majumder PP, Basu P. Comparative analyses of genetic risk prediction methods reveal extreme diversity of genetic predisposition to nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) among ethnic populations of India. J Genet 2016; 94:105-13. [PMID: 25846882 DOI: 10.1007/s12041-015-0494-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a distinct pathologic condition characterized by a disease spectrum ranging from simple steatosis to steato-hepatitis, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Prevalence of NAFLD varies in different ethnic groups, ranging from 12% in Chinese to 45% in Hispanics. Among Indian populations, the diversity in prevalence is high, ranging from 9% in rural populations to 32% in urban populations, with geographic differences as well. Here, we wished to find out if this difference is reflected in their genetic makeup. To date, several candidate genes and a few genomewide association studies (GWAS) have been carried out, and many associations between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and NAFLD have been observed. In this study, the risk allele frequencies (RAFs) of NAFLD-associated SNPs in 20 Indian ethnic populations (376 individuals) were analysed. We used two different measures for calculating genetic risk scores and compared their performance. The correlation of additive risk scores of NAFLD for three Hapmap populations with their weighted mean prevalence was found to be high (R(2) = 0.93). Later we used this method to compare NAFLD risk among ethnic Indian populations. Based on our observation, the Indian caste populations have high risk scores compared to Caucasians, who are often used as surrogate and similar to Indian caste population in disease gene association studies, and is significantly higher than the Indian tribal populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankita Chatterjee
- National Institute of Biomedical Genomics, Netaji Subhas Sanatorium (T. B. Hospital), Kalyani 741 251, India.
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Lazo M, Bilal U, Perez-Escamilla R. Epidemiology of NAFLD and Type 2 Diabetes: Health Disparities Among Persons of Hispanic Origin. Curr Diab Rep 2015; 15:116. [PMID: 26468154 DOI: 10.1007/s11892-015-0674-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common chronic liver condition in the USA and worldwide and affects Hispanics disproportionally. In this review, we aim to document and contrast the epidemiology of NAFLD and type 2 diabetes, provide a framework to study health disparities in NAFLD in Hispanic populations, and identify points of action within the health care system to tackle these health disparities. NAFLD shares many common risk factors with type 2 diabetes, specially obesity and insulin resistance, but shows different prevalence patterns by ethnicity: while Hispanics are disproportionately affected by both NAFLD and type 2 diabetes, non-Hispanic black populations have a low prevalence of NAFLD. The current literature suggests a strong role of polymorphisms in the PNPLA3 gene and potential interactions with environmental factors in the pathogenesis of NAFLD. However, given potential interactions and the shared risk factors with type 2 diabetes, a health disparity approach that acknowledges upstream determinants is needed. Solutions to these determinants can also be found in the health system. The role of interventions that have shown efficacy in type 2 diabetes, like community health workers, may be implemented to prevent and control NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Lazo
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- The Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins University, 2024 E. Monument Street 2-615, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 N. Wolfe Street, W6604, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
| | - Usama Bilal
- The Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins University, 2024 E. Monument Street 2-615, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 N. Wolfe Street, W6604, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
| | - Rafael Perez-Escamilla
- Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, 135 College St. (Suite 200), New Haven, CT, 06510, USA.
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Zhou YJ, Zhang ZS, Nie YQ, Cao J, Cao CY, Li YY. Association of adiponectin gene variation with progression of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: A 4-year follow-up survey. J Dig Dis 2015; 16:601-9. [PMID: 26334200 DOI: 10.1111/1751-2980.12288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2015] [Revised: 08/17/2015] [Accepted: 09/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the role of tagging single nucleotide polymorphisms (tagSNPs) in the adiponectin gene in the natural course of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). METHODS The participants were chosen from our previous survey containing 3543 individuals. Finally, a total of 696 participants who had been followed up for a median of 4 years were included. Each participant was administered with an interview, physical examination, blood tests and ultrasonic examination at both baseline and end-point. Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism was applied to determine seven tagSNPs in the adiponectin gene, namely, rs182052, rs16861205, rs822396, rs7627128, rs1501299, rs2241767 and rs3774261. Ordinal logistic regression was used to screen risk factors of NAFLD progression as well as the susceptibility to the disease. Haplotypes analyses were performed to confirm the results. RESULTS After adjusting for age and gender, rs1501299 (G276T), rs2241767 (A45G) and rs3774261 (A712G) were found to be risk factors of both susceptibility (OR 5.040, 7.471 and 3.546, respectively) and progression (OR 3.83, 3.51 and 3.30, respectively) to NAFLD. Nevertheless, rs182052, rs16861205, rs822396 and rs7627128 had no impact on them. These findings were confirmed by haplotype analysis. CONCLUSION The tagSNPs rs2241767, rs1501299 and rs3774261 in the adiponectin gene are risk factors for the individuals' susceptibility to and progression of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Jian Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Guangzhou Digestive Diseases Center, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong, China
| | - Zong Sheng Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Guangzhou Digestive Diseases Center, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong, China
| | - Yu Qiang Nie
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Guangzhou Digestive Diseases Center, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong, China
| | - Jie Cao
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Guangzhou Digestive Diseases Center, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong, China
| | - Chuang Yu Cao
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Guangzhou Digestive Diseases Center, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong, China
| | - Yu Yuan Li
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Guangzhou Digestive Diseases Center, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong, China
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES Three genome-wide association studies were previously done for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) among individuals of Western countries and identified several genetic variants associated with NAFLD. The study aimed to identify whether 7 GWAS-identified common variants (GCKR rs780094, PDGFA rs343064, FDFT1 rs2645424, COL13A1 rs1227756, EHBP1L1 rs6591182, NCAN rs2228603, and PNPLA3 rs738409) were associated with NAFLD in Chinese children. METHODS This case-control study recruited 1027 Chinese children of age 7 to 18 years, including 162 children with NAFLD and 865 children without NAFLD. Anthropometric measurements, alanine transaminase (ALT) detection, liver ultrasound examination, and genotyping of 7 variants were performed. RESULTS The G-allele of PNPLA3 rs738409 was associated with NAFLD (odds ratio [OR] 1.55, 95% confidence interval 1.13-2.11, P = 0.006) and moderate-to-severe steatosis (OR 3.77, 95% confidence interval 1.78-7.98, P = 0.001) adjusted for age, sex, and BMI standard deviation score. In addition, we found each G-allele of rs738409 increased ALT level by 1.09 IU/L (P = 0.011). Subjects carrying 10 or more risk alleles of 7 variants had an OR of 4.76 (P = 0.025) for NAFLD compared with subjects carrying 3 or fewer risk alleles. CONCLUSIONS The PNPLA3 rs738409 G-allele was associated with NAFLD and ALT level in Chinese children. It had stronger association with moderate-to-severe steatosis. Children carrying 10 or more risk alleles of 7 variants were susceptible for NAFLD.
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Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most prevalent etiology of chronic liver disease in America. NAFLD can be broadly classified in two subtypes: nonalcoholic fatty liver (NAFL), which is generally considered a benign condition with negligible risk of progression to cirrhosis, and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), which is generally considered to be progressive with substantial risk of progression to cirrhosis. Additionally, recent studies suggest the odds of liver mortality increases amongst NASH patients with advanced fibrosis (bridging fibrosis ± cirrhosis). Liver biopsy examination is the current gold standard to accurately discriminate between NAFL vs. NASH as well as diagnose advanced fibrosis. However, due to its invasive nature, risk of bleeding (and even rarely death), prohibitive cost, and sampling error, liver biopsies are imperfect for diagnosis and monitoring of NAFLD. As a result, noninvasive biomarkers that can accurately detect NASH and advanced fibrosis without biopsy are needed. This article will discuss the most novel noninvasive biomarkers in diagnosing NASH and advanced fibrosis.
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Liu Z, Ning H, He X, Que S, Zhou L. Meta-analysis reveals a specific association of the PNPLA3 I148M polymorphism with ALT level in adolescents. Per Med 2015; 12:67-82. [PMID: 29754542 DOI: 10.2217/pme.14.72] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate potential link between the PNPLA3 rs738409 polymorphism and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels through an evidence-based study. MATERIALS & METHODS Electronic literature databases, including PubMed, Embase and the Institute for Scientific Information, were searched for relevant studies. Pooling standardized mean differences for quantitative variables and summary odds ratios (OR) were respectively calculated using per-allele comparison. RESULTS Although a genotype-phenotype association was inconsistent in adults, this genetic effect was stable in adolescents. There was an approximate increase of 23% in ALT value, and 1.99-fold higher ALT elevation per risk allele increase with low heterogeneity. CONCLUSION The PNPLA3 rs738409 polymorphism can have a differentiated influence on ALT level. Our meta-analysis provides reference data for the adjustment of diverse susceptibility due to the rs738409 polymorphism when evaluating liver injury in various populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengtao Liu
- Division of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, China.,Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health & Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis & Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, China
| | - Huaijun Ning
- Department of Pediatrics, Women & Children's Hospital of Guangxi, Nanning, China
| | - Xiaoyin He
- Department of Pediatrics, Women & Children's Hospital of Guangxi, Nanning, China
| | - Shuping Que
- Department of Pediatrics, Women & Children's Hospital of Guangxi, Nanning, China
| | - Lin Zhou
- Division of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, China.,Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health & Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis & Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, China
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Yilmaz Y, Ayyildiz T, Akin H, Colak Y, Ozturk O, Senates E, Tuncer I, Dolar E. Gallstone disease does not predict liver histology in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Gut Liver 2014; 8:313-7. [PMID: 24827629 PMCID: PMC4026650 DOI: 10.5009/gnl.2014.8.3.313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/Aims We sought to examine whether the presence of gallstone disease (GD) in patients with biopsy-proven nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is associated with liver fibrosis and histological nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) score. Methods We included 441 Turkish patients with biopsy-proven NAFLD. GD was diagnosed in the presence of sonographic evidence of gallstones, echogenic material within the gallbladder with constant shadowing and little or no visualization of the gallbladder or absence of gallbladder at ultrasonography, coupled with a history of cholecystectomy. Results Fifty-four patients (12.2%) had GD (GD+ subjects). Compared with the GD- subjects, GD+ patients were older, had a higher body mass index and were more likely to be female and have metabolic syndrome. However, GD+ patients did not have a higher risk of advanced fibrosis or definite NASH on histology. After adjustment for potential confounding variables, the prevalence of GD in NAFLD patients was not associated with significant fibrosis (≥2) (odds ratio [OR], 1.06; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.53 to 2.21; p=0.68) or definite NASH (OR, 1.03; 95% CI, 0.495 to 2.12; p=0.84). Conclusions The presence of GD is not independently associated with advanced fibrosis and definite NASH in adult Turkish patients with biopsy-proven NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuf Yilmaz
- Department of Gastroenterology, Marmara University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Talat Ayyildiz
- Department of Gastroenterology, Uludag University Medical School, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Hakan Akin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Marmara University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Yasar Colak
- Department of Gastroenterology, Istanbul Medeniyet University Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Oguzhan Ozturk
- Department of Gastroenterology, Istanbul Medeniyet University Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ebubekir Senates
- Department of Gastroenterology, Dicle University School of Medicine, Diyarbakir, Turkey
| | - Ilyas Tuncer
- Department of Gastroenterology, Istanbul Medeniyet University Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Enver Dolar
- Department of Gastroenterology, Uludag University Medical School, Bursa, Turkey
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Baran B, Akyüz F. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: What has changed in the treatment since the beginning? World J Gastroenterol 2014; 20:14219-14229. [PMID: 25339808 PMCID: PMC4202350 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i39.14219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2014] [Revised: 04/22/2014] [Accepted: 05/26/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is an umbrella term to describe the entire spectrum of this common liver disease. In patients with NAFLD, especially those with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), most often have one or more components of the metabolic syndrome, but this is not universal. Although most patients with NAFLD share many clinical features, only a subset of patients develops significant liver inflammation and progressive fibrosis. On the other hand, not all patients with NASH exhibit insulin resistance. NASH can be seen in patients who are lean and have no identifiable risk factors. Many clinical studies have tried numerous drugs and alternative medicine, however, investigators have failed to identify a safe and effective therapy for patients with NASH. As summarized, the heterogeneity of pathogenic pathways in individual patients with NASH may warrant the development of an individualized treatment according to the underlying pathogenic pathway. The differentiation of pathogenetic targets may require the development of diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers, and the identification of genetic susceptibilities. At present, evidence-based medicine provides only a few options including life-style modifications targeting weight loss, pioglitazone and vitamin E in non-diabetic patients with biopsy-proven NASH.
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Sex-specific prevalence of fatty liver disease and associated metabolic factors in Wuhan, south central China. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2014; 26:1015-21. [PMID: 25003744 DOI: 10.1097/meg.0000000000000151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to investigate the sex-specific prevalence and metabolic risk factors of fatty liver disease (FLD), and to predict the prevalence of steatohepatitis with liver fibrosis in Wuhan, south central China. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted among 25,032 participants who underwent health checkups from 2010 to 2011 in Zhongnan hospital. RESULTS The prevalence of FLD was higher among men than among women (31.8 vs. 12.9%, P<0.0001). However, it increased markedly with age among women, and in the age-groups above 60 years, the prevalence was similar between men and women (26.4 vs. 27.6%, P>0.05). FLD was associated with obesity, increased levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoproteins, serum uric acid, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and fasting blood sugar, an aspartate aminotransferase/alanine aminotransferase ratio of less than 1, and a decreased level of high-density lipoprotein in both sexes. Multiple regression analyses showed that obesity, elevated levels of fasting blood sugar, TG, total cholesterol, and alanine aminotransferase, an aspartate aminotransferase/alanine aminotransferase ratio of less than 1, serum uric acid levels, and decreased high-density lipoprotein levels were related to FLD in men, whereas age played a more prominent role in women. The prevalence of steatohepatitis with advanced fibrosis, estimated using the BMI, age, ALT, and TG index (BAAT index), was 2.5% in men and 1.4% in women; more women with FLD had a BAAT score of 3 or higher compared with men (9.0 vs. 6.6%). CONCLUSION The prevalence of FLD in China is high among men and elderly women and is mainly related to various metabolic parameters. The prevalence of steatohepatitis with advanced fibrosis is considerably high among individuals with FLD.
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Su YH, Lin SY, Song W, Jain S. DNA markers in molecular diagnostics for hepatocellular carcinoma. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2014; 14:803-17. [PMID: 25098554 DOI: 10.1586/14737159.2014.946908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the one of the leading causes of cancer mortality in the world, mainly due to the difficulty of early detection and limited therapeutic options. The implementation of HCC surveillance programs in well-defined, high-risk populations were only able to detect about 40-50% of HCC at curative stages (Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer stages 0 & 1) due to the low sensitivities of the current screening methods. The advance of sequencing technologies has identified numerous modifications as potential candidate DNA markers for diagnosis/surveillance. Here we aim to provide an overview of the DNA alterations that result in activation of cancer pathways known to potentially drive HCC carcinogenesis and to summarize performance characteristics of each DNA marker in the periphery (blood or urine) for HCC screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Hsiu Su
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine, 3805 Old Easton Road, Philadelphia, PA 18902, USA
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Zain SM, Mohamed R, Cooper DN, Razali R, Rampal S, Mahadeva S, Chan WK, Anwar A, Rosli NSM, Mahfudz AS, Cheah PL, Basu RC, Mohamed Z. Genome-wide analysis of copy number variation identifies candidate gene loci associated with the progression of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. PLoS One 2014; 9:e95604. [PMID: 24743702 PMCID: PMC3990722 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0095604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2013] [Accepted: 03/27/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Between 10 and 25% of individuals with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) develop hepatic fibrosis leading to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). To investigate the molecular basis of disease progression, we performed a genome-wide analysis of copy number variation (CNV) in a total of 49 patients with NAFLD [10 simple steatosis and 39 non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH)] and 49 matched controls using high-density comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) microarrays. A total of 11 CNVs were found to be unique to individuals with simple steatosis, whilst 22 were common between simple steatosis and NASH, and 224 were unique to NASH. We postulated that these CNVs could be involved in the pathogenesis of NAFLD progression. After stringent filtering, we identified four rare and/or novel CNVs that may influence the pathogenesis of NASH. Two of these CNVs, located at 13q12.11 and 12q13.2 respectively, harbour the exportin 4 (XPO4) and phosphodiesterase 1B (PDE1B) genes which are already known to be involved in the etiology of liver cirrhosis and HCC. Cross-comparison of the genes located at these four CNV loci with genes already known to be associated with NAFLD yielded a set of genes associated with shared biological processes including cell death, the key process involved in 'second hit' hepatic injury. To our knowledge, this pilot study is the first to provide CNV information of potential relevance to the NAFLD spectrum. These data could prove invaluable in predicting patients at risk of developing NAFLD and more importantly, those who will subsequently progress to NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shamsul Mohd Zain
- The Pharmacogenomics Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- * E-mail: (SMZ); (RM)
| | - Rosmawati Mohamed
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- * E-mail: (SMZ); (RM)
| | - David N. Cooper
- Institute of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Rozaimi Razali
- Sengenics Sdn Bhd, High Impact Reseach Building, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Sanjay Rampal
- Julius Centre University of Malaya, Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Sanjiv Mahadeva
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Wah-Kheong Chan
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Arif Anwar
- Sengenics Sdn Bhd, High Impact Reseach Building, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | - Anis Shafina Mahfudz
- Medical Imaging Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Technology MARA, Sungai Buloh Campus, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Phaik-Leng Cheah
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Roma Choudhury Basu
- Clinical Investigation Centre, University Malaya Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Zahurin Mohamed
- The Pharmacogenomics Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES An increasing number of people are at risk for developing nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Because obesity is a risk factor for NAFLD, the common variants of obesity-susceptible genes may be associated with NAFLD. Our aim was to identify whether the obesity-susceptible gene variants (rs9939609, rs9930506, and rs4783819 in fat mass and obesity-associated gene (FTO); rs12970134 and rs17782313 in melanocortin-4 receptor gene (MC4R); and rs7566605, rs13428113, and rs9308762 in insulin-induced gene 2 [INSIG2]) were associated with NAFLD. METHODS The case-control study recruited 1027 Chinese children ages 7 to 18 years, including 162 children with NAFLD and 865 children without NAFLD. Anthropometric measurements, alanine transaminase (ALT) detection, liver ultrasound examination, and genotyping of 8 gene variants were performed. RESULTS The A-allele of FTO rs9939609 was associated with increased NAFLD risk (P = 0.029, odds ratio 1.43), but was not significant after being adjusted for body mass index (BMI) (P = 0.268). We also found an association between the 2 variants (rs12970134 in MC4R and rs9308762 in INSIG2) and ALT level. For rs12970134, each additional A-allele increased ALT level by 1.87 IU/L (P = 0.032). For rs9308762, the homozygotes of the C-allele had a higher ALT level than the T-allele carriers (β = 3.19, P = 0.007). After adjustment for BMI, the former association did not exist, whereas the latter reminded significant (P = 0.003). CONCLUSIONS The FTO rs9939609 A-allele increased risk of NAFLD and MC4R rs12970134 was associated with ALT level through an effect on BMI. The association between INSIG2 rs9308762 and ALT level was independent of BMI. The results provided evidence for identifying genetic factors of NAFLD and may be useful for risk assessment and personalized medicine of NAFLD.
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Mehta R, Birerdinc A, Younossi ZM. Host genetic variants in obesity-related nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Clin Liver Dis 2014; 18:249-67. [PMID: 24274878 DOI: 10.1016/j.cld.2013.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a complex disease. The considerable variability in the natural history of the disease suggests an important role for genetic variants in the disease development and progression. There is evidence based on genome-wide association studies and/or candidate gene studies that genetic polymorphisms underlying insulin signaling, lipid metabolism, oxidative stress, fibrogenesis, and inflammation can predispose individuals to NAFLD. This review highlights some of the genetic variants in NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohini Mehta
- Betty and Guy Beatty Center for Integrated Research, Center for Liver Disease, Inova Health System, Claude Moore Building, 3300 Gallows Road, Falls Church, VA 22042, USA
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Holterman A, Gurria J, Tanpure S, DiSomma N. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and bariatric surgery in adolescents. Semin Pediatr Surg 2014; 23:49-57. [PMID: 24491369 DOI: 10.1053/j.sempedsurg.2013.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is a multi-organ system disease with underlying insulin resistance and systemic chronic inflammation. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a hepatic manifestation of the underlying metabolic dysfunction. This review provides a highlight of the current understanding of NAFLD pathogenesis and disease characteristics, with updates on the challenges of NAFLD management in obese and severely obese (SO) patients and recommendations for the pediatric surgeons' role in the care of SO adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- AiXuan Holterman
- Department of Surgery, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Peoria, Illinois; Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital of Illinois, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Peoria, Illinois.
| | - Juan Gurria
- Department of Surgery, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Peoria, Illinois
| | - Smita Tanpure
- Department of Surgery, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Peoria, Illinois; Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital of Illinois, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Peoria, Illinois
| | - Nerina DiSomma
- Department of Surgery, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Peoria, Illinois; Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital of Illinois, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Peoria, Illinois
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Siegert S, Yu Z, Wang-Sattler R, Illig T, Adamski J, Hampe J, Nikolaus S, Schreiber S, Krawczak M, Nothnagel M, Nöthlings U. Diagnosing fatty liver disease: a comparative evaluation of metabolic markers, phenotypes, genotypes and established biomarkers. PLoS One 2013; 8:e76813. [PMID: 24130792 PMCID: PMC3793954 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0076813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2013] [Accepted: 08/27/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To date, liver biopsy is the only means of reliable diagnosis for fatty liver disease (FLD). Owing to the inevitable biopsy-associated health risks, however, the development of valid noninvasive diagnostic tools for FLD is well warranted. AIM We evaluated a particular metabolic profile with regard to its ability to diagnose FLD and compared its performance to that of established phenotypes, conventional biomarkers and disease-associated genotypes. METHODS The study population comprised 115 patients with ultrasound-diagnosed FLD and 115 sex- and age-matched controls for whom the serum concentration was measured of 138 different metabolites, including acylcarnitines, amino acids, biogenic amines, hexose, phosphatidylcholines (PCs), lyso-PCs and sphingomyelins. Established phenotypes, biomarkers, disease-associated genotypes and metabolite data were included in diagnostic models for FLD using logistic regression and partial least-squares discriminant analysis. The discriminative power of the ensuing models was compared with respect to area under curve (AUC), integrated discrimination improvement (IDI) and by way of cross-validation (CV). RESULTS Use of metabolic markers for predicting FLD showed the best performance among all considered types of markers, yielding an AUC of 0.8993. Additional information on phenotypes, conventional biomarkers or genotypes did not significantly improve this performance. Phospholipids and branched-chain amino acids were most informative for predicting FLD. CONCLUSION We show that the inclusion of metabolite data may substantially increase the power to diagnose FLD over that of models based solely upon phenotypes and conventional biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Siegert
- Cologne Center for Genomics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Section of Epidemiology, Christian-Albrechts University Kiel, Kiel, Germany
- Institute of Epidemiology, Christian-Albrechts University Kiel, Kiel, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Zhonghao Yu
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz-Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Rui Wang-Sattler
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz-Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Illig
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz-Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- Hannover Unified Biobank, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Jerzy Adamski
- Genome Analysis Center, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz-Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Jochen Hampe
- Department of General Internal Medicine, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Susanna Nikolaus
- Department of General Internal Medicine, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Stefan Schreiber
- Department of General Internal Medicine, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts University Kiel, Kiel, Germany
- PopGen Biobank, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Michael Krawczak
- PopGen Biobank, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
- Institute of Medical Informatics and Statistics, Christian-Albrechts University Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Michael Nothnagel
- Cologne Center for Genomics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Institute of Medical Informatics and Statistics, Christian-Albrechts University Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Ute Nöthlings
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Section of Epidemiology, Christian-Albrechts University Kiel, Kiel, Germany
- PopGen Biobank, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Nutritional Epidemiology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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Sahebkar A. Does PPARγ2 gene Pro12Ala polymorphism affect nonalcoholic fatty liver disease risk? Evidence from a meta-analysis. DNA Cell Biol 2013; 32:188-98. [PMID: 23448101 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2012.1947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic factors can substantially contribute to the pathogenesis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). A missense Pro12Ala substitution in the PPARγ2 gene (rs1801282) has been studied in relation with NAFLD risk in different ethnic groups, but findings have been inconclusive. The aim of this was to evaluate the association between rs1801282 and NAFLD through meta-analysis of all relevant published evidence. A systematic search to find eligible studies was performed in Medline, HuGE Navigator, and SCOPUS databases. The strength of association was evaluated using odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals obtained from a random effect approach and under additive, dominant, co-dominant, recessive, and allelic contrast models. Seven studies comprising 1474 cases and 2259 controls met the eligibility criteria and included in the meta-analysis. Combined results did not indicate any predisposing or protective effect for rs1801282 under any of the assessed modes of inheritance. The rate of heterogeneity was generally high due to the inter-study variations in terms of age, gender, and ethnicity. Evidence from the current meta-analysis indicated that rs1801282 variants are not associated with NAFLD risk. Future large-scale studies are required to substantiate the present findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center and School of Pharmacy, Cardiovascular Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences (MUMS), Mashhad, Iran.
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36
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Li YY. Genetic and epigenetic variants influencing the development of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. World J Gastroenterol 2012; 18:6546-51. [PMID: 23236228 PMCID: PMC3516206 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v18.i45.6546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2012] [Revised: 07/24/2012] [Accepted: 08/14/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is common worldwide. The importance of genetic and epigenetic changes in etiology and pathogenesis of NAFLD has been increasingly recognized. However, the exact mechanism is largely unknown. A large number of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) related to NAFLD has been documented by candidate gene studies (CGSs). Among these genes, peroxisome proliferatoractivated receptor-γ, adiponectin, leptin and tumor necrosis factor-α were frequently reported. Since the introduction of genome-wide association studies (GWASs), there have been significant advances in our understanding of genomic variations of NAFLD. Patatin-like phospholipase domain containing family member A3 (PNPLA3, SNP rs738409, encoding I148M), also termed adiponutrin, has caught most attention. The evidence that PNPLA3 is associated with increased hepatic fat levels and hepatic inflammation has been validated by a series of studies. Epigenetic modification refers to phenotypic changes caused by an adaptive mechanism unrelated to alteration of primary DNA sequences. Epigenetic regulation mainly includes microRNAs (miRs), DNA methylation, histone modifications and ubiquitination, among which miRs are studied most extensively. miRs are small natural single stranded RNA molecules regulating mRNA degradation or translation inhibition, subsequently altering protein expression of target genes. The miR-122, a highly abundant miR accounting for nearly 70% of all miRs in the liver, is significantly under-expressed in NAFLD subjects. Inhibition of miR-122 with an antisense oligonucleotide results in decreased mRNA expression of lipogenic genes and improvement of liver steatosis. The investigation into epigenetic involvement in NAFLD pathogenesis is just at the beginning and needs to be refined. This review summarizes the roles of genetics and epigenetics in the development of NAFLD. The progress made in this field may provide novel diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets for NAFLD management.
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Li Y, Xing C, Tian Z, Ku HC. Genetic variant I148M in PNPLA3 is associated with the ultrasonography-determined steatosis degree in a Chinese population. BMC MEDICAL GENETICS 2012; 13:113. [PMID: 23176674 PMCID: PMC3523076 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2350-13-113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2012] [Accepted: 10/24/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Background Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is an escalating medical problem worldwide. A nonsynonymous single nucleotide polymorphism rs738409 (I148M) in patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing protein 3 (PNPLA3) predisposes susceptibility to NAFLD; however, its association with steatosis grade is inconsistent in the literature. In particular, there was no significant association found between I148M and steatosis grade in two East Asian-based studies. In this study we aim to investigate whether I148M is associated with the ultrasonography-determined steatosis degree in Chinese adults. Methods 203 NAFLD cases and 202 matched controls were recruited. Cases were classified into mild, moderate and severe fatty liver by ultrasonography. Association between I148M and the ultrasonography-determined steatosis degree as well as other clinical parameters was evaluated. Results The I148M variant was associated with the ultrasonography-determined steatosis degree with the M allele frequencies being 0.32, 0.54, and 0.87 in mild (n=105), moderate (n=83), and severe (n=15) cases, respectively (P–value = 7.6×10-8). We also confirmed the interaction between I148M variation and body mass index towards elevated plasma alanine aminotransferase levels in cases (P–value = 4.4×10-4). Conclusion The PNPLA3 I148M variant is associated with the ultrasonography-determined steatosis degree in Chinese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiling Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
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38
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Yilmaz Y. Review article: is non-alcoholic fatty liver disease a spectrum, or are steatosis and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis distinct conditions? Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2012; 36:815-23. [PMID: 22966992 DOI: 10.1111/apt.12046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2012] [Revised: 08/17/2012] [Accepted: 08/22/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is currently conceptualised as a clinical spectrum that results from a ‘multiple-hit’ process which begins with simple steatosis and subsequently renders the hepatocytes susceptible to a variety of insults. Ultimately, more serious liver injuries like non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and cirrhosis may develop. Although the metabolic syndrome is considered the crucial player in the pathogenesis of NAFLD, recent studies have highlighted novel pathophysiological mechanisms in this clinical entity. AIM To discuss the pathophysiology of NAFLD based on the hypothesis that simple steatosis and NASH are discrete entities rather than two points on a spectrum. METHODS A literature search was conducted in August 2012 on PubMed, Ovid Embase, Ovid Medline and Scopus using the following search terms: steatosis, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, pathophysiology, fatty liver, natural history and genetics. RESULTS Simple steatosis and NASH appear as two distinct pathophysiological entities and progression from pure fatty liver to NASH appears to be so rare as to warrant publication. The possible pathogenetic pathways specifically related to NASH are highlighted. CONCLUSIONS Although simple steatosis and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis are currently viewed as two histological subtypes of the unique spectrum of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, the two conditions are likely distinct not only from a histological but also from a pathophysiological standpoint. Efforts to distinguish simple steatosis from non-alcoholic steatohepatitis using non-invasive modalities should be informed by the current pathophysiology of these two clinical entities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Yilmaz
- Institute of Gastroenterology, Marmara University, Maltepe, Istanbul, Turkey.
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39
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Hu X, Huang Y, Bao Z, Wang Y, Shi D, Liu F, Gao Z, Yu X. Prevalence and factors associated with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in Shanghai work-units. BMC Gastroenterol 2012; 12:123. [PMID: 22978800 PMCID: PMC3499402 DOI: 10.1186/1471-230x-12-123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2012] [Accepted: 08/31/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Backgrounds Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become the most common chronic liver disease in Asians. However, data on prevalence and factors associated with NAFLD in Asians are lacking. The aim of this study is to investigate the prevalence of NAFLD in Shanghai employees to assess the relationship between NAFLD and age, gender, metabolic risk factors in this studied population. Methods We selected 7152 employees of Shanghai work-units. Each of them underwent detailed medical history-taking, physical examination, laboratory assessments and abdominal ultrasonography. The diagnosis of NAFLD was done according to established criteria. Receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curves were applied to detect areas under the ROC curves for each index. Nominal logistic regression analysis was used to estimate the odds ratio for risk factors of NAFLD. Results About 38.17% employees had NAFLD, more in men than in women. The prevalence of NAFLD increased with increasing age. In both genders, the prevalence of metabolic factors was higher in the NAFLD group. Body max index, waist circumference, weight-to-height ratio, blood pressure, blood glucose, total cholesterol, triglyceride, low density lipoprotein, high density lipoprotein and uric acid were found to have a diagnostic value for NAFLD. Body max index is a better index for diagnosing NAFLD. Uric acid is a new diagnosing index not inferior to lipid metabolic factors. Metabolic factors can increase the risk of NAFLD up to 1.5 ~ 3.8 times. Conclusions Older age, male gender, metabolic factors such as obesity, abdominal obesity, dyslipidemia, hypertension or type 2 diabetes are risk factors for NAFLD. Prevalence of NAFLD in Shanghai employees is high. Prevention is extremely important. Those achieve the critical point should have early intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaona Hu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
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40
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Tryndyak V, de Conti A, Kobets T, Kutanzi K, Koturbash I, Han T, Fuscoe JC, Latendresse JR, Melnyk S, Shymonyak S, Collins L, Ross SA, Rusyn I, Beland FA, Pogribny IP. Interstrain differences in the severity of liver injury induced by a choline- and folate-deficient diet in mice are associated with dysregulation of genes involved in lipid metabolism. FASEB J 2012; 26:4592-602. [PMID: 22872676 DOI: 10.1096/fj.12-209569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a major health problem and a leading cause of chronic liver disease in the United States and developed countries. In humans, genetic factors greatly influence individual susceptibility to NAFLD. The goals of this study were to compare the magnitude of interindividual differences in the severity of liver injury induced by methyl-donor deficiency among individual inbred strains of mice and to investigate the underlying mechanisms associated with the variability. Feeding mice a choline- and folate-deficient diet for 12 wk caused liver injury similar to NAFLD. The magnitude of liver injury varied among the strains, with the order of sensitivity being A/J ≈ C57BL/6J ≈ C3H/HeJ < 129S1/SvImJ ≈ CAST/EiJ < PWK/PhJ < WSB/EiJ. The interstrain variability in severity of NAFLD liver damage was associated with dysregulation of genes involved in lipid metabolism, primarily with a down-regulation of the peroxisome proliferator receptor α (PPARα)-regulated lipid catabolic pathway genes. Markers of oxidative stress and oxidative stress-induced DNA damage were also elevated in the livers but were not correlated with severity of liver damage. These findings suggest that the PPARα-regulated metabolism network is one of the key mechanisms determining interstrain susceptibility and severity of NAFLD in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Volodymyr Tryndyak
- Division of Biochemical Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079, USA
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Sookoian S, Pirola CJ. The genetic epidemiology of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: toward a personalized medicine. Clin Liver Dis 2012; 16:467-85. [PMID: 22824476 DOI: 10.1016/j.cld.2012.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The understanding of the genetic bases of complex diseases such as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease opens new opportunities and challenges. This article explores new tools designed toward moving genomic data into clinical medicine, providing putative answers to more practical questions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Sookoian
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Hepatology, Institute of Medical Research A Lanari-IDIM, University of Buenos Aires-National Council of Scientific and Technological Research, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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