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Lian S, Su J, Fatima I, Zhang Y, Kuang T, Hu H, Qu D, Si H, Sun W. Revealing the exceptional antioxidant activity of phosphorylated polysaccharides from medicinal Abrus cantoniensis Hance. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 278:134532. [PMID: 39142474 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.134532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Revised: 08/04/2024] [Accepted: 08/04/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024]
Abstract
Abrus cantoniensis Polysaccharides (ACP) exhibit antioxidant activity and immune-regulatory functions. Abrus cantoniensis Hance widely distributed in the Guangdong and Guangxi regions of China. In this study, this research investigated the impact of phosphorylation modification on the biological activity of ACP, aiming to provide theoretical insights for its development. This research modified ACP through phosphorylation and evaluated changes in its in vitro antioxidant capacity, including free radical scavenging and resistance to cellular oxidative damage. Additionally, this research administered both native ACP and phosphorylated ACP (P-ACP) to mice to assess their protective effects against acute ethanol-induced oxidative injury. This research explored whether these effects were mediated through the Keap1-Nrf2 signaling pathway and their influence on gut microbiota. Results revealed that phosphorylation significantly enhanced ACP's antioxidant capacity and protective effects (p < 0.05). P-ACP improved mice resistance to acute oxidative injury, mitigating the adverse effects of 50 % ethanol (p < 0.05). Moreover, both ACP and P-ACP are involved in modulating the expression of the Keap1-Nrf2 signaling pathway and, to some extent, alter the composition of the gut microbiota in mice. In summary, phosphorylation modification effectively enhances ACP's antioxidant capacity and provides better protection against acute oxidative injury in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuaitao Lian
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding, Disease Control and Prevention, Guangxi Grass Station, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, Guangxi, China
| | - Jie Su
- Center of Bioinformatics, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Israr Fatima
- Center of Bioinformatics, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding, Disease Control and Prevention, Guangxi Grass Station, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, Guangxi, China
| | - Tiantian Kuang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding, Disease Control and Prevention, Guangxi Grass Station, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, Guangxi, China
| | - Hongjie Hu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding, Disease Control and Prevention, Guangxi Grass Station, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, Guangxi, China
| | - Dongshuai Qu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding, Disease Control and Prevention, Guangxi Grass Station, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, Guangxi, China
| | - Hongbin Si
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding, Disease Control and Prevention, Guangxi Grass Station, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, Guangxi, China.
| | - Wenjing Sun
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources Chemistry and Biotechnology, College of Biology & Pharmacy, Yulin Normal University, No. 1303 Jiaoyu East Road, Yulin 537000, Guangxi, China.
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Klichkhanov NK, Suleimanova MN. Chemical Composition and Therapeutic Effects of Several Astragalus Species (Fabaceae). DOKLADY BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES : PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE USSR, BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES SECTIONS 2024:10.1134/S0012496624701096. [PMID: 39128957 DOI: 10.1134/s0012496624701096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2024] [Revised: 05/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024]
Abstract
The review integrates information on the component composition and biological activity of some Astragalus L. (Fabaceae) species from studies reported over the past 5-7 years. The aerial and underground parts of 34 Astragalus species contain triterpene saponins, flavonoids, polisaccharides, tannins, free organic acids, higher fatty acids, vitamins, trace elements, and other constituents. Among the Astragalus species, A. membranaceus (Fisch.) Bunge is the best studied in terms of component composition and biological activity. Anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, antioxidant, anticancer, cardioprotective, and hepathoprotective activities have been experimentally detected in total bioactive substances, fractions, and individual compounds extracted from various parsts of A. membranaceus and A. membranaceus var. mongholicus in vitro and in vivo. The composition and biological effects of other Astragalus species are still poorly understood. The review summarizes the recent advances in studying new compounds extracted from Astragalus species and their biological activities.
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Yang J, Sun Y, Wang Q, Yu S, Li Y, Yao B, Yang X. Astragalus polysaccharides-induced gut microbiota play a predominant role in enhancing of intestinal barrier function of broiler chickens. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2024; 15:106. [PMID: 39103958 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-024-01060-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The intestinal barrier is the first line of defense against intestinal invasion by pathogens and foreign antigens and is closely associated with the gut microbiota. Astragalus polysaccharides (APS) have a long history of use in traditional Chinese medicine owing to its protective properties against intestinal barrier function. The mechanism of APS-induced gut microbiota enhancing intestinal barrier function is urgently needed. RESULTS Dietary polysaccharide deprivation induced intestinal barrier dysfunction, decreased growth performance, altered microbial composition (Faecalibacterium, Dorea, and Coprobacillus), and reduced isobutyrate concentration. The results showed that APS facilitates intestinal barrier function in broiler chickens, including a thicker mucus layer, reduced crypt depth, and the growth of tight junction proteins. We studied the landscape of APS-induced gut microbiota and found that APS selectively promoted the growth of Parabacteroides, a commensal bacterium that plays a predominant role in enhancing intestinal barrier function. An in vitro growth assay further verified that APS selectively increased the abundance of Parabacteroides distasonis and Bacteroides uniformis. Dietary APS supplementation increased the concentrations of isobutyrate and bile acid (mainly chenodeoxycholic acid and deoxycholate acid) and activated signaling pathways related to intestinal barrier function (such as protein processing in the endoplasmic reticulum, tight junctions, and adherens junction signaling pathways). CONCLUSIONS APS intervention restored the dietary polysaccharide-induced dysfunction of the intestinal barrier by selectively promoting the abundance of Parabacteroides distasonis, and increasing the concentrations of isobutyrate and bile acids (mainly CDCA and DCA). These findings suggest that APS-induced gut microbiota and metabolic niches are promising strategies for enhancing intestinal barrier function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiantao Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yanpeng Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Science, Beijing, China
| | - Qianggang Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shanglin Yu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yanhe Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Bin Yao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Science, Beijing, China.
| | - Xiaojun Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.
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Corsetti G, Romano C, Codenotti S, Giugno L, Pasini E, Fanzani A, Scarabelli T, Dioguardi FS. Intake of Special Amino Acids Mixture Leads to Blunted Murine Colon Cancer Growth In Vitro and In Vivo. Cells 2024; 13:1210. [PMID: 39056792 PMCID: PMC11274386 DOI: 10.3390/cells13141210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2024] [Revised: 07/13/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells require substantial amounts of energy and substrates for their metabolic hyperactivity, enabling the synthesis of new cells at the expense of healthy ones. Preliminary in vitro data suggest that a mix of free essential amino acids (EAA-mix) can promote cancer cell apoptosis by enhancing autophagy. This study aimed to confirm, both in vitro and in vivo, whether EAA intake could influence the development of colon cancer in mice. We investigated changes in cancer proliferation in CT26 cells treated with EAA-mix and in mice fed with EAA-rich modified diets (EAARD) as compared to those on a standard laboratory diet (StD). CT26 cells were injected subcutaneously (s.c.) or intraperitoneally (i.p.). After 21 days, tumors were removed and measured. In vitro data corroborated that EAA-mix impairs cancer growth by inducing apoptosis. In vivo data revealed that mice on StD developed significantly larger (s.c.) and more numerous (i.p.) cancers than those on EAARD. EAA administration appears to influence cancer cell survival with notable antiproliferative properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Corsetti
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (C.R.); (L.G.); (E.P.)
| | - Claudia Romano
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (C.R.); (L.G.); (E.P.)
| | - Silvia Codenotti
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (S.C.); (A.F.)
| | - Lorena Giugno
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (C.R.); (L.G.); (E.P.)
| | - Evasio Pasini
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (C.R.); (L.G.); (E.P.)
- Italian Association of Functional Medicine, 20855 Lesmo, Italy
| | - Alessandro Fanzani
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (S.C.); (A.F.)
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Pezzali JG, Shoveller AK. Herbal paw-sibilities: potential use and challenges of Astragalus membranaceus and Panax species (ginseng) in diets intended for cats and dogs. Anim Front 2024; 14:17-27. [PMID: 38910952 PMCID: PMC11188985 DOI: 10.1093/af/vfae009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/25/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Júlia Guazzelli Pezzali
- Centre for Nutrition Modelling, Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Anna K Shoveller
- Centre for Nutrition Modelling, Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
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Huo Z, Li J, Li X, Xiao H, Lin Y, Ma Y, Li J, Yang H, Zhang C. Functional fractions of Astragalus polysaccharides as a potential prebiotic to alleviate ulcerative colitis. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 271:132580. [PMID: 38788871 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the intestine that is significantly influenced by an imbalance in the gut microbiota. Astragalus membranaceus, particularly its polysaccharide components, has shown therapeutic potential for the treatment of UC, although the specific active constituents and their mechanistic pathways remain to be fully elucidated. In this study, we investigated two molecular weight fractions of Astragalus polysaccharides (APS), APS1 (Mw < 10 kDa) and APS2 (10 kDa < Mw < 50 kDa), isolated by ultrafiltration, focusing on their prebiotic effects, effects on UC, and the underlying mechanism. Our results showed that both APS1 and APS2 exhibit prebiotic properties, with APS1 significantly outperforming APS2 in ameliorating UC symptoms. APS1 significantly attenuated weight loss and UC manifestations, reduced colonic pathology, and improved intestinal mucosal barrier integrity. In addition, APS1 significantly reduced the levels of inflammatory cytokines in the serum and colonic tissue, and downregulated colonic chemokines. Furthermore, APS1 ameliorated dextran sulfate sodium salt (DSS)-induced intestinal dysbiosis by promoting the growth of beneficial microbes and inhibiting the proliferation of potential pathogens, leading to a significant increase in short-chain fatty acids. In conclusion, this study highlights the potential of APS1 as a novel prebiotic for the prevention and treatment of UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeqi Huo
- School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, Ministry of Education, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; Gansu Key Laboratory of Biomonitoring and Bioremediation for Environmental Pollution, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Junxiang Li
- School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, Ministry of Education, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; Gansu Key Laboratory of Biomonitoring and Bioremediation for Environmental Pollution, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Xiaofeng Li
- School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, Ministry of Education, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; Gansu Key Laboratory of Biomonitoring and Bioremediation for Environmental Pollution, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Han Xiao
- Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu 730030, China
| | - Yang Lin
- School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, Ministry of Education, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; Gansu Key Laboratory of Biomonitoring and Bioremediation for Environmental Pollution, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yuchan Ma
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Jiaru Li
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Hui Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Chunjiang Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, Ministry of Education, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; Gansu Key Laboratory of Biomonitoring and Bioremediation for Environmental Pollution, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.
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7
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Long J, Li M, Yao C, Ma W, Liu H, Yan D. Structural characterization of Astragalus polysaccharide-D1 and its improvement of low-dose metformin effect by enriching Staphylococcus lentus. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 272:132860. [PMID: 38834117 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 04/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
To explore the adjuvant therapy drugs of low-dose metformin, one homogeneous polysaccharide named APS-D1 was purified from Astragalus membranaceus by DEAE-52 cellulose and Sephadex G-100 column chromatography. Its chemical structure was characterized by molecular weight distribution, monosaccharide composition, infrared spectrum, methylation analysis, and NMR. The results revealed that APS-D1 (7.36 kDa) consisted of glucose, galactose, and arabinose (97.51 %:1.56 %:0.93 %). It consisted of →4)-α-D-Glcp-(1→ residue backbone with →3)-β-D-Galp-(1→ residue and terminal-α/β-D-Glcp-(1→ side chains. APS-D1 could significantly improve inflammation (TNF-α, LPS, and IL-10) in vivo. Moreover, APS-D1 improved the curative effect of low-dose metformin without adverse events. APS-D1 combined with low-dose metformin regulated several gut bacteria, in which APS-D1 enriched Staphylococcus lentus to produce l-carnitine (one of 136 metabolites of S. lentus). S. lentus and l-carnitine could improve diabetes, and reduction of S. lentusl-carnitine production impaired diabetes improvement. The combination, S. lentus, and l-carnitine could promote fatty acid oxidation (CPT1) and inhibit gluconeogenesis (PCK and G6Pase). The results indicated that APS-D1 enhanced the curative effect of low-dose metformin to improve diabetes by enriching S. lentus, in which the effect of S. lentus was mediated by l-carnitine. Collectively, these findings support that low-dose metformin supplemented with APS-D1 may be a favorable therapeutic strategy for type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianglan Long
- Beijing Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, PR China
| | - Meng Li
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, PR China
| | - Chengcheng Yao
- Beijing Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, PR China
| | - Wenjuan Ma
- Beijing Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, PR China
| | - Hongtao Liu
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, PR China.
| | - Dan Yan
- Beijing Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, PR China.
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Huang Z, Ye Y, Kong L, Xu A, Liu L, Li Z. Regulatory effects of Astragalus membranaceus polysaccharides on lipid metabolism disorders induced by a high-fat diet in spotted sea bass (Lateolabrax maculatus). Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 271:132584. [PMID: 38795881 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/28/2024]
Abstract
This study evaluated the regulatory effects of Astragalus membranaceus polysaccharides (AMP) on lipid metabolism disorders induced by a high-fat diet (HFD) in spotted sea bass (Lateolabrax maculatus). Compared with the normal diets (10 % lipids), diets containing 15 % lipid levels were used as the high-fat diet (HFD). Three levels of the AMP (0.06 %, 0.08 %, 0.10 %) were added in the HFD and used as experimental diets. A total of 375 spotted sea bass (average weight 3.00 ± 0.01 g) were divided into 15 tanks and deemed as 5 groups, with each tank containing 25 fish. Fish in each group were fed with different diets for 56 days. After feeding, the HFD induced lipid metabolism disorders in fish, as evidenced by elevated serum lipids, malonaldehyde levels, and more severe liver damage. The AMP alleviated the HFD-induced liver damage, as evidenced by the reduced severity of liver histological lesions and malonaldehyde levels. The low-density lipoprotein cholesterol was reduced, and the expression of FAS and PPAR-α were down and up-regulated, respectively. However, the AMP had a limited ability to affect the serum lipids and abdominal fat percentage. These results reveal the potential of the AMP used in aquaculture to regulate lipid metabolism disorders induced by the HFD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhangfan Huang
- Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Fishery Resources and Eco-environment, Xiamen, China.
| | - Youling Ye
- Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Fishery Resources and Eco-environment, Xiamen, China
| | - Lumin Kong
- Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Fishery Resources and Eco-environment, Xiamen, China
| | - Anle Xu
- Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Fishery Resources and Eco-environment, Xiamen, China
| | - Longhui Liu
- Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Fishery Resources and Eco-environment, Xiamen, China
| | - Zhongbao Li
- Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Fishery Resources and Eco-environment, Xiamen, China.
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9
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Peng Z, Fujino M, Anand M, Uyeno Y. Feeding Astragalus membranaceus Root Improves the Rumen Fermentation Rate in Housed Goats through the Alteration of the Rumen Community Composition. Microorganisms 2024; 12:1067. [PMID: 38930452 PMCID: PMC11205705 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12061067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Although Astragalus membranaceus root (AMR) has been noted as an ingredient in ruminant feed, the impacts of AMR feeding on rumen fermentation and the microbial community structure within the rumen are yet to be evaluated. This study investigated the effects of AMR supplementation on rumen fermentation characteristics and microbial community structures in goats. In two sets of feeding experiments, four Japanese native goats were fed AMR (10 g/kg DM/day/head) for three weeks per experiment. The rumen fluid samples were analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography for fermentation products and next-generation sequencing for microbial analysis. The rumen fluid samples in the second experiment were also subject to an in vitro anaerobic fermentation test. The results indicated a significant modification, with a higher volatile fatty acid (VFA) content in the rumen fluid of goats in the feeding period than before feeding (p < 0.01). The microbial analysis revealed a significant increase in community diversity (p < 0.05) following AMR feeding, and the rumen bacterial community increased in two families belonging to the order Oscillospirales in Firmicutes (p < 0.05). The phylum Verrucomicrobiota was observed to be significantly less abundant after AMR feeding than during the control period (p < 0.05). Notably, the linear discriminant analysis revealed that the families with largely unknown functions in the rumen (Oscillospiraceae, Rikenellaceae, Muribaculaceae, and vadinBB97) were the determinants of the community split between control and AMR feeding. Increased fermentation rate by AMR feeding was also supported by an in vitro culture experiment, which resulted in faster VFA production without affecting methane production in total gas production. The study demonstrated that AMR can significantly facilitate change in the bacterial community structure in the goat rumen involving a shift of the favoring fibrolytic bacteria towards VFA production. The long-term effects of AMR supplementation and its applicability across different ruminant species, with potential benefits for animal health and productivity, should be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoyu Peng
- Graduate School of Medicine, Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Matsumoto 399-4598, Japan
| | - Mizuki Fujino
- Graduate School of Medicine, Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Matsumoto 399-4598, Japan
| | - Mukul Anand
- College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, DUVASU, Mathura 281001, India;
| | - Yutaka Uyeno
- Graduate School of Medicine, Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Matsumoto 399-4598, Japan
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He Z, Liu X, Qin S, Yang Q, Na J, Xue Z, Zhong L. Anticancer Mechanism of Astragalus Polysaccharide and Its Application in Cancer Immunotherapy. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:636. [PMID: 38794206 PMCID: PMC11124422 DOI: 10.3390/ph17050636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Astragalus polysaccharide (APS) derived from A. membranaceus plays a crucial role in traditional Chinese medicine. These polysaccharides have shown antitumor effects and are considered safe. Thus, they have become increasingly important in cancer immunotherapy. APS can limit the spread of cancer by influencing immune cells, promoting cell death, triggering cancer cell autophagy, and impacting the tumor microenvironment. When used in combination with other therapies, APS can enhance treatment outcomes and reduce toxicity and side effects. APS combined with immune checkpoint inhibitors, relay cellular immunotherapy, and cancer vaccines have broadened the application of cancer immunotherapy and enhanced treatment effectiveness. By summarizing the research on APS in cancer immunotherapy over the past two decades, this review elaborates on the anticancer mechanism of APS and its use in cancer immunotherapy and clinical trials. Considering the multiple roles of APS, this review emphasizes the importance of using APS as an adjunct to cancer immunotherapy and compares other polysaccharides with APS. This discussion provides insights into the specific mechanism of action of APS, reveals the molecular targets of APS for developing effective clinical strategies, and highlights the wide application of APS in clinical cancer therapy in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziqing He
- State Key Laboratory of Targeting Oncology, National Center for International Research of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China; (Z.H.); (X.L.); (S.Q.); (Q.Y.); (J.N.)
| | - Xiyu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Targeting Oncology, National Center for International Research of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China; (Z.H.); (X.L.); (S.Q.); (Q.Y.); (J.N.)
| | - Simin Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Targeting Oncology, National Center for International Research of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China; (Z.H.); (X.L.); (S.Q.); (Q.Y.); (J.N.)
| | - Qun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Targeting Oncology, National Center for International Research of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China; (Z.H.); (X.L.); (S.Q.); (Q.Y.); (J.N.)
| | - Jintong Na
- State Key Laboratory of Targeting Oncology, National Center for International Research of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China; (Z.H.); (X.L.); (S.Q.); (Q.Y.); (J.N.)
| | - Zhigang Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Targeting Oncology, National Center for International Research of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China; (Z.H.); (X.L.); (S.Q.); (Q.Y.); (J.N.)
| | - Liping Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Targeting Oncology, National Center for International Research of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China; (Z.H.); (X.L.); (S.Q.); (Q.Y.); (J.N.)
- School of Pharmacy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
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Guo Y, Wang L, Liu K, Li M, Jin Y, Gu L, Yu XA, Wang S, Wang P, Wang B, Wang T. A Rapid and Accurate UHPLC Method for Determination of Monosaccharides in Polysaccharides of Different Sources of Radix Astragali and Its Immune Activity Analysis. Molecules 2024; 29:2287. [PMID: 38792148 PMCID: PMC11124152 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29102287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
With the escalating demand for Astragalus polysaccharides products developed from Radix Astragali (RA), the necessity for quality control of polysaccharides in RA has become increasingly urgent. In this study, a specific method for the simultaneous determination of seven monosaccharides in polysaccharides extracted from Radix Astragali (RA) has been developed and validated using ultra-performance liquid chromatography equipped with an ultraviolet detector (UHPLC-UV) for the first time. The 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone (PMP) derivatizations were separated on a C18 column (Waters ACQUITYTM, Milfor, MA, USA, 1.8 µm, 2.1 × 100 mm) using gradient elution with a binary system of 5 mm ammonium formate (0.1% formic acid)-acetonitrile for 24 min. Additionally, seven monosaccharides showed good linear relationships (R2, 0.9971-0.9995), adequate precision (RSD < 4.21%), and high recoveries (RSD < 4.70%). The established method was used to analyze 109 batches of RA. Results showed that the Astragalus polysaccharides (APSs) mainly consist of mannose (Man), rhamnose (Rha), glucose (Glu), galactose (Gal), arabinose (Ara), xylose (Xyl); and fucose (Fuc); however, their composition was different among RA samples from different growth patterns, species, growth years, and origins, and the growth mode of RA and the age of wild-simulated RA can be accurately distinguished by principal component analysis (PCA). In addition, the immunological activity of APSs were also evaluated jointly by measurement of the NO release with RAW264.7, with the results showing that APSs have a promoting effect on the release of NO and exhibit a significant correlation with Man, Glu, Xyl, and Fuc contents. Accordingly, the new established monosaccharides analytical method and APS-immune activity determination in this study can provide a reference for quality evaluation and the establishment of quality standards for RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yali Guo
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen Institute for Drug Control, Shenzhen 518057, China; (Y.G.)
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Lijun Wang
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen Institute for Drug Control, Shenzhen 518057, China; (Y.G.)
| | - Kaishuang Liu
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen Institute for Drug Control, Shenzhen 518057, China; (Y.G.)
| | - Meifang Li
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen Institute for Drug Control, Shenzhen 518057, China; (Y.G.)
| | - Yibao Jin
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen Institute for Drug Control, Shenzhen 518057, China; (Y.G.)
| | - Lifei Gu
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen Institute for Drug Control, Shenzhen 518057, China; (Y.G.)
| | - Xie-An Yu
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen Institute for Drug Control, Shenzhen 518057, China; (Y.G.)
| | - Shuhong Wang
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen Institute for Drug Control, Shenzhen 518057, China; (Y.G.)
| | - Ping Wang
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen Institute for Drug Control, Shenzhen 518057, China; (Y.G.)
| | - Bing Wang
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen Institute for Drug Control, Shenzhen 518057, China; (Y.G.)
| | - Tiejie Wang
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen Institute for Drug Control, Shenzhen 518057, China; (Y.G.)
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
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Wang J, Wu X, Chen J, Gao T, Zhang Y, Yu N. Traditional Chinese medicine polysaccharide in nano-drug delivery systems: Current progress and future perspectives. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 173:116330. [PMID: 38422656 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Traditional Chinese medicine polysaccharides (TCMPs) have gained increasing attention in the field of nanomedicine due to their diverse biological activities and favorable characteristics as drug carriers, including biocompatibility, biodegradability, safety, and ease of modification. TCMPs-based nano-drug delivery systems (NDDSs) offer several advantages, such as evasion of reticuloendothelial system (RES) phagocytosis, protection against biomolecule degradation, enhanced drug bioavailability, and potent therapeutic effects. Therefore, a comprehensive review of the latest developments in TCMPs-based NDDSs and their applications in disease therapy is of great significance. This review provides an overview of the structural characteristics and biological activities of TCMPs relevant to carrier design, the strategies employed for constructing TCMPs-based NDDSs, and the versatile role of TCMPs in these systems. Additionally, current challenges and future prospects of TCMPs in NDDSs are discussed, aiming to provide valuable insights for future research and clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
| | - Xia Wu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Preparation, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
| | - Ting Gao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Preparation, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
| | - Yumei Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China; Department of Chemistry, School of Basic Medical Science, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China.
| | - Na Yu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Preparation, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China; Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China.
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Yang Q, Meng D, Zhang Q, Wang J. Advances in research on the anti-tumor mechanism of Astragalus polysaccharides. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1334915. [PMID: 38515577 PMCID: PMC10955345 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1334915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The dry root of the soybean plant Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch) Bge. var. mongholicus (Bge) Hsiao or A. membranaceus (Fisch) Bge, Astragali Radix (AR) has a long medicinal history. Astragalus polysaccharide (APS), the natural macromolecule that exhibits immune regulatory, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, and other pharmacological activities, is an important active ingredient extracted from AR. Recently, APS has been increasingly used in cancer therapy owing to its anti-tumor ability as it prevents the progression of prostate, liver, cervical, ovarian, and non-small-cell lung cancer by suppressing tumor cell growth and invasion and enhancing apoptosis. In addition, APS enhances the sensitivity of tumors to antineoplastic agents and improves the body's immunity. This macromolecule has prospects for broad application in tumor therapy through various pathways. In this article, we present the latest progress in the research on the anti-tumor effects of APS and its underlying mechanisms, aiming to provide novel theoretical support and reference for its use in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Qinyuan Zhang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Jin Wang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
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He X, Chen A, Liao Z, Zhong J, Cheng A, Xue X, Li F, Chen M, Yao R, Zhao W, Niu J. Dietary Supplementation of Astragalus membranaceus Extract Affects Growth Performance, Antioxidant Capacity, Immune Response, and Energy Metabolism of Largemouth Bass ( Micropterus salmoides). AQUACULTURE NUTRITION 2024; 2024:3893671. [PMID: 38464590 PMCID: PMC10923623 DOI: 10.1155/2024/3893671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
The present study investigated the effects of Astragalus membranaceus extract (AME) on growth performance, immune response, and energy metabolism of juvenile largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides). Seven diets containing 0%, 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3%, 0.4%, 0.5%, and 0.6% AME (Con, AME0.1, AME0.2, AME0.3, AME0.4, AME0.5, and AME0.6 groups) were formulated and fed to M. salmoides for 8 weeks. Final body weight (FBW), feed intake (FI), weight gain (WG), and specific growth rate (SGR) were all significantly higher in AME0.4 group than in Con group (P < 0.05). Feed conversion rate (FCR) was significantly improved in AME0.5 group compared with Con group (P < 0.05). Whole-body crude protein contents were significantly increased in AME0.2 group (P < 0.05). Whole-body crude lipid contents were significantly lower in AME0.2 and AME0.3 groups, while muscle lipid was upregulated by dietary AME (P < 0.05). Hepatic malondialdehyde (MDA) contents were significantly lowered in AME0.3 and AME0.4 groups, and catalase (CAT) activities were significantly increased in AME0.1 and AME0.2 groups (P < 0.05). Plasma aspartate aminotransferase (AST) level was significantly lowered in AME0.5, and AME0.6 groups, and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) level was lowered in AME0.5 groups (P < 0.05). Plasma triglyceride was declined in AME0.6 group, and glucose was decreased by 0.3%-0.5% AME (P < 0.05). Significantly higher hepatocyte diameter, lamina propria width, and submucosal layer thickness were recorded in AME0.6 groups, while the longest villi height was obtained in AME0.2 and AME0.3 groups (P < 0.05). The mRNA expression levels of insulin-like growth factor 1 (igf1) revealed the growth-promoting effect of AME. The anti-inflammatory and antiapoptotic effects of AME were demonstrated by transcription levels of interleukin 8 (il-8), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (tnf-a), caspase, B-cell lymphoma-xl (Bcl-xl), bcl-2 associated x (Bax), and bcl-2-associated death protein (Bad). The transcription levels of lipid metabolism and gluconeogenesis related genes, including acetyl-CoA carboxylase alpha (acc1), fatty acid synthase (fasn), fatty acid binding protein 1 (fabp1), phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 2 (pepck2), and glucose-6-phosphatase catalytic subunit 1a (g6pc), were reduced by AME treatment, while the levels of glycolysis-related genes, including glucokinase (gck) and pyruvate kinase (pk), were the highest in AME0.2 and AME0.3 groups (P < 0.05). According to polynomial regression analysis of SGR, WG, FCR, whole-body crude lipid, MDA, and ALT, the optimal AME supplementation level was estimated to be 0.320%-0.429% of the diet. These results provided insights into the roles of AME in regulating immunity and metabolism, which highly indicated its potential as immunostimulants and metabolic regulators in diverse aquatic animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuanshu He
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals and Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Anqi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals and Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhihong Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals and Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | | | - Anda Cheng
- Beijing Centre Biology Co. Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Xinghua Xue
- Beijing Centre Biology Co. Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Fuyuan Li
- Beijing Centre Biology Co. Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Mengdie Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals and Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rong Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals and Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals and Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jin Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals and Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Cao L, Zhao J, Wang M, Khan IA, Li XC. Rapid preparation and proton NMR fingerprinting of polysaccharides from Radix Astragali. Carbohydr Res 2024; 536:109053. [PMID: 38310807 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2024.109053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
The purity, content, and structure of the polysaccharides prepared from a specific medicinal plant are the fundamental basis to interpret the observed biological activities. An ultrafiltration-based method has been developed for rapid preparation of total and fractional polysaccharides from Radix Astragali in high yield and purity. This method involves extraction of plant material by hot water, treatment with Sevag reagent, and ultrafiltration using molecular weight cutoff concentrators. The prepared polysaccharides were assessed by 1H NMR spectroscopy, providing general purity, fingerprinting, and structural information. This method may be used to efficiently screen polysaccharides in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Cao
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, The University of Miscsissippi, University, Mississippi, 38677, USA; Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Dong Medicine, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua, 418000, PR China
| | - Jianping Zhao
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, The University of Miscsissippi, University, Mississippi, 38677, USA
| | - Mei Wang
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, The University of Miscsissippi, University, Mississippi, 38677, USA; Natural Products Utilization Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, University, Mississippi, 38677, USA
| | - Ikhlas A Khan
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, The University of Miscsissippi, University, Mississippi, 38677, USA; Department of BioMolecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi, 38677, USA
| | - Xing-Cong Li
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, The University of Miscsissippi, University, Mississippi, 38677, USA; Department of BioMolecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi, 38677, USA.
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Shi Y, Shi X, Zhao M, Ma S, Zhang Y. Pharmacological potential of Astragali Radix for the treatment of kidney diseases. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 123:155196. [PMID: 37952410 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.155196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND With the increasing prevalence of hypertension, diabetes, and obesity, the incidence of kidney diseases is also increasing, resulting in a serious public burden. Conventional treatments for kidney diseases have unsatisfactory effects and are associated with adverse reactions. Traditional Chinese medicines have good curative effects and advantages over conventional treatments for preventing and treating kidney diseases. Astragali Radix is a Chinese herbal medicine widely used to treat kidney diseases. PURPOSE To review the potential applications and molecular mechanisms underlying the renal protective effects of Astragali Radix and its components and to provide direction and reference for new therapeutic strategies and future research and development of Astragali Radix. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS PubMed, Google Scholar, and Web of Science were searched using keywords, including "Astragali Radix," "Astragalus," "Astragaloside IV" (AS-IV), "Astragali Radix polysaccharide" (APS), and "kidney diseases." Reports on the effects of Astragali Radix and its components on kidney diseases were identified and reviewed. RESULTS The main components of Astragali Radix with kidney-protective properties include AS-IV, APS, calycosin, formononetin, and hederagenin. Astragali Radix and its active components have potential pharmacological effects for the treatment of kidney diseases, including acute kidney injury, diabetic nephropathy, hypertensive renal damage, chronic glomerulonephritis, and kidney stones. The pharmacological effects of Astragali Radix are manifested through the inhibition of inflammation, oxidative stress, fibrosis, endoplasmic reticulum stress, apoptosis, and ferroptosis, as well as the regulation of autophagy. CONCLUSION Astragali Radix is a promising drug candidate for treating kidney diseases. However, current research is limited to animal and cell studies, underscoring the need for further verifications using high-quality clinical data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Shi
- Department of Nephrology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Xiujie Shi
- Department of Nephrology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Mingming Zhao
- Department of Nephrology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Sijia Ma
- Institute of Basic Theory for Chinese Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100091, China.
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Ahmmed MK, Carne A, Wu H, El-Din Ahmed Bekhit A. Navigating the depths of marine lipids: From extraction efficiency to flavour enhancement. Food Chem X 2023; 20:100958. [PMID: 38022736 PMCID: PMC10661498 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2023.100958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mirja Kaizer Ahmmed
- Department of Fishing and Post-harvest Technology, Faculty of Fisheries, Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Khulshi, Chattogram 4225, Bangladesh
- Department of Food Science, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
| | - Alan Carne
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
| | - Haizhou Wu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
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Zhang MQ, Sun KX, Guo X, Chen YY, Feng CY, Chen JS, Barreira JCM, Prieto MA, Sun JY, Zhang JD, Li NY, Liu C. The antihyperuricemia activity of Astragali Radix through regulating the expression of uric acid transporters via PI3K/Akt signalling pathway. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 317:116770. [PMID: 37308029 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Astragali Radix (AR) is the dry root of the leguminous plants Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch) Beg. var. mongholicus (Beg) Hsiao, and Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch) Bge., being used as a medicinal and edible resource. AR is used in traditional Chinese medicine prescriptions to treat hyperuricemia, but this particular effect is rarely reported, and the associated mechanism of action is still need to be elucidated. AIM OF THE STUDY To research the uric acid (UA)-lowering activity and mechanism of AR and the representative compounds through the constructed hyperuricemia mouse and cellular models. MATERIALS AND METHODS In our study, the chemical profile of AR was analysed by UHPLC-QE-MS, as well as the mechanism of action of AR and the representative compounds on hyperuricemia was studied through the constructed hyperuricemia mouse and cellular models. RESULTS The main compounds in AR were terpenoids, flavonoids and alkaloids. Mice group treated with the highest AR dosage showed significantly lower (p < 0.0001) serum uric acid (208 ± 9 μmol/L) than the control group (317 ± 11 μmol/L). Furthermore, UA increased in a dose-dependence manner in urine and faeces. Serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen standards, as well as xanthine oxidase in mice liver, decreased (p < 0.05) in all cases, indicating that AR could relieve acute hyperuricemia. UA reabsorption protein (URAT1 and GLUT9) was down-regulated in AR administration groups, while the secretory protein (ABCG2) was up-regulated, indicating that AR could promote the excretion of UA by regulating UA transporters via PI3K/Akt signalling pathway. CONCLUSION This study validated the activity, and revealed the mechanism of AR in reducing UA, which provided experimental and clinical basis for the treatment of hyperuricemia with it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Qi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Novel Food Resources Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing Technology of Shandong Province, Institute of Agro-Food Science and Technology, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 23788 Gongye North Road, Jinan, 250100, PR China
| | - Ke-Xin Sun
- Key Laboratory of Food Processing Technology and Quality Control in Shandong Province, College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, PR China
| | - Xu Guo
- Key Laboratory of Novel Food Resources Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing Technology of Shandong Province, Institute of Agro-Food Science and Technology, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 23788 Gongye North Road, Jinan, 250100, PR China
| | - Ying-Ying Chen
- Key Laboratory of Novel Food Resources Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing Technology of Shandong Province, Institute of Agro-Food Science and Technology, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 23788 Gongye North Road, Jinan, 250100, PR China
| | - Cai-Yun Feng
- Key Laboratory of Novel Food Resources Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing Technology of Shandong Province, Institute of Agro-Food Science and Technology, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 23788 Gongye North Road, Jinan, 250100, PR China
| | - Jia-Shu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Novel Food Resources Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing Technology of Shandong Province, Institute of Agro-Food Science and Technology, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 23788 Gongye North Road, Jinan, 250100, PR China
| | - Joao C M Barreira
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253, Bragança, Portugal
| | - Miguel A Prieto
- Universidade de Vigo, Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Science, Faculty of Science, E32004, Ourense, Spain
| | - Jin-Yue Sun
- Key Laboratory of Novel Food Resources Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing Technology of Shandong Province, Institute of Agro-Food Science and Technology, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 23788 Gongye North Road, Jinan, 250100, PR China.
| | - Jian-Dong Zhang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Key Laboratory of Rheumatic Disease and Translational Medicine, Jinan, 250014, PR China.
| | - Ning-Yang Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, PR China.
| | - Chao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Novel Food Resources Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing Technology of Shandong Province, Institute of Agro-Food Science and Technology, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 23788 Gongye North Road, Jinan, 250100, PR China.
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Xue H, Mei C, Wang F, Tang X. Relationship among Chinese herb polysaccharide (CHP), gut microbiota, and chronic diarrhea and impact of CHP on chronic diarrhea. Food Sci Nutr 2023; 11:5837-5855. [PMID: 37823142 PMCID: PMC10563694 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.3596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic diarrhea, including diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-D), osmotic diarrhea, bile acid diarrhea, and antibiotic-associated diarrhea, is a common problem which is highly associated with disorders of the gut microbiota composition such as small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) and so on. A growing number of studies have supported the view that Chinese herbal formula alleviates the symptoms of diarrhea by modulating the fecal microbiota. Chinese herbal polysaccharides (CHPs) are natural polymers composed of monosaccharides that are widely found in Chinese herbs and function as important active ingredients. Commensal gut microbiota has an extensive capacity to utilize CHPs and play a vital role in degrading polysaccharides into short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). Many CHPs, as prebiotics, have an antidiarrheal role to promote the growth of beneficial bacteria and inhibit the colonization of pathogenic bacteria. This review systematically summarizes the relationship among gut microbiota, chronic diarrhea, and CHPs as well as recent progress on the impacts of CHPs on the gut microbiota and recent advances on the possible role of CHPs in chronic diarrhea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Xue
- Digestive Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Research Institute of Spleen and Stomach DiseasesXiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Chun‐Feng Mei
- Digestive Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Research Institute of Spleen and Stomach DiseasesXiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Feng‐Yun Wang
- Digestive Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Research Institute of Spleen and Stomach DiseasesXiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Xu‐Dong Tang
- Digestive Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Research Institute of Spleen and Stomach DiseasesXiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical SciencesBeijingChina
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Chen H, Hu Y, Wu C, Liu K, Feng R, Yang M, Zhao M, Huang B, Li Y. Mesoporous Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles-Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) Hydrogel Prepared by Electron Beam Irradiation Inhibits the Proliferation and Migration of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cells. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3659. [PMID: 37765514 PMCID: PMC10535267 DOI: 10.3390/polym15183659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
An urgently needed approach for the treatment of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the development of novel drug delivery systems that offer targeted specificity and minimal toxic side effects. In this study, we developed an injectable and temperature-sensitive composite hydrogel by combining mesoporous titanium dioxide nanoparticles (MTNs) with Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAAM) hydrogel to serve as carriers for the model drug Astragalus polysaccharide (APS) using electron beam irradiation. The characteristics of MTNs, including specific surface area and pore size distribution, were analyzed, and the characteristics of MTNs-APS@Hyaluronic acid (HA), such as microscopic morphology, molecular structure, crystal structure, and loading efficiency, were examined. Additionally, the swelling ratio, gel fraction, and microscopic morphology of the composite hydrogel were observed. The in vitro cumulative release curve was plotted to investigate the sustained release of APS in the composite hydrogels. The effects on the proliferation, migration, and mitochondrial membrane potential of CAL-27 cells were evaluated using MTT assay, scratch test, and JC-1 staining. The results indicated successful preparation of MTNs with a specific surface area of 147.059 m2/g and an average pore diameter of 3.256 nm. The composite hydrogel displayed temperature-sensitive and porous characteristics, allowing for slow release of APS. Furthermore, it effectively suppressed CAL-27 cells proliferation, migration, and induced changes in mitochondrial membrane potential. The addition of autophagy inhibitors chloroquine (CQ) and 3-methyladenine (3-MA) attenuated the migration inhibition (p < 0.05).
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Affiliation(s)
- Huangqin Chen
- Department of Stomatology, School of Stomatology and Ophthalmology, Xianing Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning 437100, China; (H.C.)
| | - Yuzhu Hu
- Department of Stomatology, School of Stomatology and Ophthalmology, Xianing Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning 437100, China; (H.C.)
| | - Chizhou Wu
- Department of Stomatology, School of Stomatology and Ophthalmology, Xianing Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning 437100, China; (H.C.)
| | - Kun Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Radiation Chemistry and Functional Materials, Non-Power Nuclear Technology Collaborative Innovation Center, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning 437100, China
| | - Rui Feng
- Department of Stomatology, School of Stomatology and Ophthalmology, Xianing Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning 437100, China; (H.C.)
| | - Mingzhe Yang
- Department of Stomatology, School of Stomatology and Ophthalmology, Xianing Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning 437100, China; (H.C.)
| | - Mengyao Zhao
- Department of Stomatology, School of Stomatology and Ophthalmology, Xianing Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning 437100, China; (H.C.)
| | - Bin Huang
- Department of Stomatology, School of Stomatology and Ophthalmology, Xianing Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning 437100, China; (H.C.)
| | - Yuesheng Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Radiation Chemistry and Functional Materials, Non-Power Nuclear Technology Collaborative Innovation Center, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning 437100, China
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Xie L, Shen M, Huang R, Liu X, Yu Y, Lu H, Xie J. Apoptosis of colon cancer CT-26 cells induced polysaccharide from Cyclocarya paliurus and its phosphorylated derivative via intrinsic mitochondrial passway. FOOD SCIENCE AND HUMAN WELLNESS 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fshw.2023.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/28/2023]
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Ng CYJ, Bun HH, Zhao Y, Zhong LLD. TCM "medicine and food homology" in the management of post-COVID disorders. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1234307. [PMID: 37720220 PMCID: PMC10500073 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1234307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The World Health Organization declared that COVID-19 is no longer a public health emergency of global concern on May 5, 2023. Post-COVID disorders are, however, becoming more common. Hence, there lies a growing need to develop safe and effective treatment measures to manage post-COVID disorders. Investigating the use of TCM medicinal foods in the long-term therapy of post-COVID illnesses may be beneficial given contemporary research's emphasis on the development of medicinal foods. Scope and approach The use of medicinal foods for the long-term treatment of post-COVID disorders is highlighted in this review. Following a discussion of the history of the TCM "Medicine and Food Homology" theory, the pathophysiological effects of post-COVID disorders will be briefly reviewed. An analysis of TCM medicinal foods and their functions in treating post-COVID disorders will then be provided before offering some insight into potential directions for future research and application. Key findings and discussion TCM medicinal foods can manage different aspects of post-COVID disorders. The use of medicinal foods in the long-term management of post-COVID illnesses may be a safe and efficient therapy choice because they are typically milder in nature than chronic drug use. These findings may also be applied in the long-term post-disease treatment of similar respiratory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chester Yan Jie Ng
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hung Hung Bun
- The University of Hong Kong (HKU) School of Professional and Continuing Education, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Linda L. D. Zhong
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Lab on Chinese Medicine and Immune Disease Research, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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23
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Guo Y, Wang B, Gu L, Yin G, Wang S, Li M, Wang L, Yu XA, Wang T. Discrimination of Radix Astragali from Different Growth Patterns, Origins, Species, and Growth Years by an H 1-NMR Spectrogram of Polysaccharide Analysis Combined with Chemical Pattern Recognition and Determination of Its Polysaccharide Content and Immunological Activity. Molecules 2023; 28:6063. [PMID: 37630314 PMCID: PMC10458787 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28166063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The fraud phenomenon is currently widespread in the traditional Chinese medicine Radix Astragali (RA) market, especially where high-quality RA is substituted with low-quality RA. In this case, focused on polysaccharides from RA, the classification models were established for discrimination of RA from different growth patterns, origins, species, and growth years. 1H Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (H1-NMR) was used to establish the spectroscopy of polysaccharides from RA, which were used to distinguish RA via chemical pattern recognition methods. Specifically, orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) and linear discriminant analysis (LDA) were used to successfully establish the classification models for RA from different growth patterns, origins, species, and growth years. The satisfactory parameters and high accuracy of internal and external verification of each model exhibited the reliable and good prediction ability of the developed models. In addition, the polysaccharide content and immunological activity were also tested, which was evaluated by the phagocytic activity of RAW 264.7. And the result showed that growth patterns and origins significantly affected the quality of RA. However, there was no significant difference in the aspects of origins and growth years. Accordingly, the developed strategy combined with chemical information, biological activity, and multivariate statistical method can provide new insight for the quality evaluation of traditional Chinese medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yali Guo
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China;
| | - Bing Wang
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen Institute for Drug Control, Shenzhen 518057, China; (B.W.); (L.G.); (G.Y.); (M.L.)
| | - Lifei Gu
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen Institute for Drug Control, Shenzhen 518057, China; (B.W.); (L.G.); (G.Y.); (M.L.)
| | - Guo Yin
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen Institute for Drug Control, Shenzhen 518057, China; (B.W.); (L.G.); (G.Y.); (M.L.)
| | - Shuhong Wang
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen Institute for Drug Control, Shenzhen 518057, China; (B.W.); (L.G.); (G.Y.); (M.L.)
| | - Meifang Li
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen Institute for Drug Control, Shenzhen 518057, China; (B.W.); (L.G.); (G.Y.); (M.L.)
| | - Lijun Wang
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen Institute for Drug Control, Shenzhen 518057, China; (B.W.); (L.G.); (G.Y.); (M.L.)
| | - Xie-An Yu
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen Institute for Drug Control, Shenzhen 518057, China; (B.W.); (L.G.); (G.Y.); (M.L.)
| | - Tiejie Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China;
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen Institute for Drug Control, Shenzhen 518057, China; (B.W.); (L.G.); (G.Y.); (M.L.)
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Samii B, Jafarian A, Rabbani M, Zolfaghari B, Rahgozar S, Pouraboutaleb E. The effects of Astragalus polysaccharides, tragacanthin, and bassorin on methotrexate-resistant acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Res Pharm Sci 2023; 18:381-391. [PMID: 37614615 PMCID: PMC10443665 DOI: 10.4103/1735-5362.378085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and purpose One strategy to overcome methotrexate (MTX) resistance in acute lymphoblastic leukemia is suppressing MDR1 expression. It has been proved Astragalus polysaccharides (APS) exert their anticancer effect by reversing drug resistance. Due to the structural similarity of tragacanthin and bassorin with APS, we aimed to investigate the effects of the aforementioned polysaccharides on the expression of the MDR1 gene in the MTX-treated CCRF-CEM cells. Experimental approach Cytotoxicity of APS, bassorin, and tragacanthin on CCRF-CEM, CCRF-CEM/MTX (cells treated with MTX at IC50), and CCRF-CEM/R cells (CCRF-CEM cells resistant to MTX) was evaluated by MTT assay. The effect of all three compounds on MDR1 expression was evaluated using RT-PCR. Findings/Results All the concentrations of tragacanthin, bassorin, and APS (except at 0.8-100 μg/mL in CCRF-CEM) decreased the viability of all the cells compared to the negative control group; and against the positive control (MTX-treated cells), only bassorin at 20-100 μg/mL in CCRF-CEM/R and tragacanthin at 50 and 100 μg/mL in CCRF-CEM/MTX and at 2-100 μg/mL in CCRF-CEM/R decreased cell viability. Tragacanthin diminished MDR1 expression in CCRF-CEM/MTX and CCRF-CEM/R cells, which MTX had already induced. Conclusion and implication According to the results of this study, tragacanthin was a potent cytotoxic agent against CCRF-CEM cells and enhanced the chemosensitivity of CCRF-CEM/MTX and CCRF-CEM/R cells to MTX by down-regulation of MDR1 gene expression. Therefore, it could be a promising compound against cancer. Other possible mechanisms of action of tragacanthin should be evaluated and further in vitro and in vivo investigations are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahareh Samii
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, I.R. Iran
| | - Abbas Jafarian
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, I.R. Iran
- Isfahan Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Centre, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, I.R. Iran
| | - Mohamad Rabbani
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, I.R. Iran
- Isfahan Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Centre, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, I.R. Iran
| | - Behzad Zolfaghari
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, I.R. Iran
| | - Soheila Rahgozar
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, I.R. Iran
| | - Elnaz Pouraboutaleb
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, I.R. Iran
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Dong M, Li J, Yang D, Li M, Wei J. Biosynthesis and Pharmacological Activities of Flavonoids, Triterpene Saponins and Polysaccharides Derived from Astragalus membranaceus. Molecules 2023; 28:5018. [PMID: 37446680 PMCID: PMC10343288 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28135018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Astragalus membranaceus (A. membranaceus), a well-known traditional herbal medicine, has been widely used in ailments for more than 2000 years. The main bioactive compounds including flavonoids, triterpene saponins and polysaccharides obtained from A. membranaceus have shown a wide range of biological activities and pharmacological effects. These bioactive compounds have a significant role in protecting the liver, immunomodulation, anticancer, antidiabetic, antiviral, antiinflammatory, antioxidant and anti-cardiovascular activities. The flavonoids are initially synthesized through the phenylpropanoid pathway, followed by catalysis with corresponding enzymes, while the triterpenoid saponins, especially astragalosides, are synthesized through the universal upstream pathways of mevalonate (MVA) and methylerythritol phosphate (MEP), and the downstream pathway of triterpenoid skeleton formation and modification. Moreover, the Astragalus polysaccharide (APS) possesses multiple pharmacological activities. In this review, we comprehensively discussed the biosynthesis pathway of flavonoids and triterpenoid saponins, and the structural features of polysaccharides in A. membranaceus. We further systematically summarized the pharmacological effects of bioactive ingredients in A. membranaceus, which laid the foundation for the development of clinical candidate agents. Finally, we proposed potential strategies of heterologous biosynthesis to improve the industrialized production and sustainable supply of natural products with pharmacological activities from A. membranaceus, thereby providing an important guide for their future development trend.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaoyin Dong
- College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (M.D.); (D.Y.)
- State Key Laboratory of Arid Land Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Jinjuan Li
- Institute of Agricultural Quality Standards and Testing Technology, Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730070, China;
| | - Delong Yang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (M.D.); (D.Y.)
- State Key Laboratory of Arid Land Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Mengfei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Arid Land Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
- Agronomy College, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Jianhe Wei
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
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26
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Wang S, Peng Y, Zhuang Y, Wang N, Jin J, Zhan Z. Purification, Structural Analysis and Cardio-Protective Activity of Polysaccharides from Radix Astragali. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28104167. [PMID: 37241906 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28104167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Two polysaccharides, named APS2-I and APS3-I, were purified from the water extract of Radix Astragali. The average molecular weight of APS2-I was 1.96 × 106 Da and composed of Man, Rha, GlcA, GalA, Glc, Gal, Xyl, and Ara in a molar ratio of 2.3:4.8:1.7:14.0:5.8:11.7:2.8:12.6, while the average molecular weight of APS3-I was 3.91 × 106 Da and composed of Rha, GalA, Glc, Gal, and Ara in a molar ratio of 0.8:2.3:0.8:2.3:4.1. Biological evaluation showed APS2-I and APS3-I had significant antioxidant activity and myocardial protection activity. Furthermore, total polysaccharide treatment could significantly enhance hemodynamic parameters and improve cardiac function in rat ischemia and reperfusion isolated heart models. These results provided important information for the clinical application of APS in the field of cardiovascular disease and implied that Astragalus polysaccharides (APS) could be considered as a reference for the quality control of Radix Astragali.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilei Wang
- College of Biology and Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou 310015, China
| | - Yuan Peng
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Yixin Zhuang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Nan Wang
- College of Biology and Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou 310015, China
| | - Jianchang Jin
- College of Biology and Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou 310015, China
| | - Zhajun Zhan
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
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27
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Sun X, Zheng Y, Tian Y, Xu Q, Liu S, Li H, Cheng K, Yuan J, Liu H, Zhu P. Astragalus polysaccharide alleviates alcoholic-induced hepatic fibrosis by inhibiting polymerase I and transcript release factor and the TLR4/JNK/NF-κB/MyD88 pathway. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 314:116662. [PMID: 37207880 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Astragali Radix (AR), the root of Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch.) Bge. or Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch.) Bge. var. mongholicus (Bge.) Hsiao, known as Huangqi in traditional Chinese medicine, has been widely used in traditional Chinese medicine prescriptions for acute and chronic liver injury. AR was the most important medicine in a Chinese traditional prescription called Huangqi Decoction (HQD), has been used to treat chronic liver diseases since the 11th century. In particular, its major active ingredient, Astragalus polysaccharide (APS), has demonstrated promising effects on inhibiting hepatic fibrosis. However, to date, the effect of APS against alcohol-induced hepatic fibrosis and its underlying molecular mechanisms remains unknown. AIMS OF THE STUDY This study aimed to explore the effect and potential molecular mechanisms of APS against alcohol-induced hepatic fibrosis by using network pharmacology and experimental validation. MATERIALS AND METHODS The potential targets and underling mechanism of AR in alcoholic liver fibrosis was first predicted using network pharmacology, followed by experimental validation using SD rat model with alcohol-induced hepatic fibrosis. Further, the predicted candidate signaling pathways and potential target polymerase I and transcript release factor (PTRF) were combined to explore the multifaceted mechanism of APS against alcohol-induced hepatic fibrosis. Finally, overexpression of PTRF was explored to reveal the role of PTRF in the mechanism of APS against alcohol-induced hepatic fibrosis. RESULT APS exerted potent anti-hepatic fibrosis effects by downregulating genes involved in the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/JNK/NF-κB/MyD88 pathway. Notably, APS treatment ameliorated the hepatic damage by inhibiting the overexpression of PTRF and decreasing the co-localisation of TLR4/PTRF. Overexpression of PTRF induced reversal of the protective effects of APS on alcohol-induced hepatic fibrosis. CONCLUSION This study indicated that APS may alleviate alcohol-induced hepatic fibrosis by inhibiting the activation of PTRF/TLR4/JNK/NF-κB/MyD88 pathway, which provides a scientific elucidation for the mechanisms of APS on the anti-hepatic fibrosis activity and presents a promising therapeutic approach for treating hepatic fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Sun
- Department of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Henan Breast Cancer Centre, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University and Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450008, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongqiu Zheng
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, 241002, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yaqing Tian
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, 241002, People's Republic of China
| | - Qixiang Xu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, 241002, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuochuan Liu
- Department of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Henan Breast Cancer Centre, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University and Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450008, People's Republic of China
| | - Huahua Li
- Department of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Henan Breast Cancer Centre, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University and Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450008, People's Republic of China
| | - Kunming Cheng
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, 241002, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianan Yuan
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, 241002, People's Republic of China
| | - Huaimin Liu
- Department of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Henan Breast Cancer Centre, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University and Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450008, People's Republic of China.
| | - Peng Zhu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, 241002, People's Republic of China.
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Pei H, He Z, Chen W, Zhao Y, Li J, Wang R, Zong Y, Du R. Network pharmacology and molecular docking analysis on the mechanism of Cordyceps militaris polysaccharide regulating immunity through TLR4/TNF-α pathwayss. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2023:e23345. [PMID: 37050869 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.23345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
The role of polysaccharide components in the immune system, especially immunomodulatory effects, has received increasing attention. In this context, in this study, network pharmacology was adopted to explore the hypothesis of a multitarget mechanism for immune modulation by Chrysalis polysaccharides. A total of 174 common targets were screened by network pharmacology, with the main ones being TNF, MAPK3, CASP3, VEGFA, and STAT3, mostly enriched in the Toll pathway. The molecular docking results showed that the polysaccharide fraction of Chrysalis binds well to TNF proteins. Besides, in vitro cellular assays were performed to verify the ability of Chrysalis polysaccharides to regulate macrophage polarization and to screen for macrophage surface receptors. Furthermore, in vivo experiments were conducted to prove the activation of TLR4 and TNF-α protein expression in mice by Chrysalis polysaccharide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyan Pei
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Zhongmei He
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center for Efficient Breeding and Product Development of Sika Deer, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Weijia Chen
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center for Efficient Breeding and Product Development of Sika Deer, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center for Efficient Breeding and Product Development of Sika Deer, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Jianming Li
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center for Efficient Breeding and Product Development of Sika Deer, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Ruibing Wang
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center for Efficient Breeding and Product Development of Sika Deer, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Ying Zong
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center for Efficient Breeding and Product Development of Sika Deer, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Rui Du
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center for Efficient Breeding and Product Development of Sika Deer, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality and Safety, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
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Chen G, Jiang N, Zheng J, Hu H, Yang H, Lin A, Hu B, Liu H. Structural characterization and anti-inflammatory activity of polysaccharides from Astragalus membranaceus. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 241:124386. [PMID: 37054858 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.124386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
In this study, two homogeneous polysaccharides (APS-A1 and APS-B1) were isolated from Astragalus membranaceus by DEAE-52 cellulose and Sephadex G-100 column chromatography. Their chemical structures were characterized by molecular weight distribution, monosaccharide composition, infrared spectrum, methylation analysis, and NMR. The results revealed that APS-A1 (2.62 × 106 Da) was a 1,4-α-D-Glcp backbone with a 1,4,6-α-D-Glcp branch every ten residues. APS-B1 (4.95 × 106 Da) was a heteropolysaccharide composed of glucose, galactose, and arabinose (75.24:17.27:19.35). Its backbone consisted of 1,4-α-D-Glcp, 1,4,6-α-D-Glcp, 1,5-α-L-Araf and the sidechains composed of 1,6-α-D-Galp and T-α/β-Glcp. Bioactivity assays showed that APS-A1 and APS-B1 had potential anti-inflammatory activity. They could inhibit the production of inflammatory factors (TNF-α, IL-6, and MCP-1) in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages via NF-κB and MAPK (ERK, JNK) pathways. These results suggested that the two polysaccharides could be potential anti-inflammatory supplements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangming Chen
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Huangjiahu West Road 16, Wuhan 430065, PR China
| | - Nan Jiang
- Hubei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430061, PR China; Hubei Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430074, PR China
| | - Junping Zheng
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Huangjiahu West Road 16, Wuhan 430065, PR China
| | - Haiming Hu
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Huangjiahu West Road 16, Wuhan 430065, PR China
| | - Huabing Yang
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Huangjiahu West Road 16, Wuhan 430065, PR China
| | - Aizhen Lin
- Hubei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430061, PR China; Hubei Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430074, PR China
| | - Baifei Hu
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Huangjiahu West Road 16, Wuhan 430065, PR China.
| | - Hongtao Liu
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Huangjiahu West Road 16, Wuhan 430065, PR China.
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30
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Su Y, Gao X, Wang Y, Li X, Zhang W, Zhao J. Astragalus polysaccharide promotes sheep satellite cell differentiation by regulating miR-133a through the MAPK/ERK signaling pathway. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 239:124351. [PMID: 37023880 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.124351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
Astragalus polysaccharide (APS) possesses extensive biological activities, pharmacological effects, and anti-fatigue function. MiR-133a is a specifically expressed miRNA in skeletal muscle that participates in the regulation of myoblast proliferation and differentiation. However, little is known about the role of APS in the development of sheep skeletal muscle. In this study, we aimed to investigate the underlying mechanism of APS and miR-133a on the differentiation of sheep skeletal muscle satellite cells (SMSCs) and the regulatory relationship between APS and miR-133a. The results suggested that APS plays a positive regulatory role in the proliferation and differentiation of sheep SMSCs. Moreover, miR-133a significantly promotes SMSC differentiation and the activity of the MAPK/ERK signaling pathway. Importantly, we found that APS function requires the mediation of miR-133a in the differentiation of sheep SMSCs. Taken together, our results indicate that APS accelerates SMSC differentiation by regulating miR-133a via the MAPK/ERK signaling pathway in sheep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Su
- College of Animal Sciences, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, PR China
| | - Xuyang Gao
- College of Animal Sciences, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, PR China
| | - Yu Wang
- College of Animal Sciences, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, PR China
| | - Xuying Li
- College of Animal Sciences, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, PR China
| | - Weipeng Zhang
- College of Animal Sciences, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, PR China
| | - Junxing Zhao
- College of Animal Sciences, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, PR China.
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31
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Kang R, Song M, Fang Z, Liu K. Nano-composite hydrogels of Cu-Apa micelles for anti-vasculogenic mimicry. J Drug Target 2023; 31:166-178. [PMID: 35993258 DOI: 10.1080/1061186x.2022.2115047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Vasculogenic mimicry (VM) describes the phenomenon whereby fluid-conducting vessels are formed by highly invasive tumour cells, which supply blood to tumours during their early growth stages. Single antiangiogenic agents have limited inhibitory effects on VM, therefore, a multi-pathway anti-VM strategy is required. In this study, Apatinib (Apa) was coordinated with Cu2+ to form a Cu-Apa copper complex. The latter was loaded into oligo-hyaluronic acid (HA) polymeric micelles (HA-Chol) and subsequently embedded in Astragalus polysaccharide-based in situ hydrogels (APsGels) to generate Cu-Apa/HA-Chol@APsGels. In this system, Cu-Apa exerts the combined effects of Cu2+ and Apa to inhibit VM; HA-Chol micelles achieve targeted drug delivery and enhance endocytosis efficiency; APsGels realise sustained release of the drugs to ensure an anti-VM effect. This system demonstrated improved VM inhibition with low cytotoxicity and high biocompatibility, wound healing, and transwell invasion in three-dimensional cell cultured VM. Moreover, this system significantly inhibited VM formation and melanoma growth in a mouse tumour transplantation model. This study provides an effective strategy for inhibiting VM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Kang
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Mengdi Song
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Zhou Fang
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Kehai Liu
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, PR China
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32
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Zhi W, Liu Y, Wang X, Zhang H. Recent advances of traditional Chinese medicine for the prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 301:115749. [PMID: 36181983 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Atherosclerosis (AS) is a common systemic disease with increasing morbidity and mortality worldwide. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) with characteristics of multiple pathways and targets, presents advantages in the diagnosis and treatment of atherosclerosis. AIM OF THE STUDY With the modernization of TCM, the active ingredients and molecular mechanisms of TCM for AS treatment have been gradually revealed. Therefore, it is necessary to examine the existing studies on TCM therapies aimed at regulating AS over the past two decades. MATERIALS AND METHODS Using "atherosclerosis" and "Traditional Chinese medicine" as keywords, all relevant TCM literature published in the last 10 years was collected from electronic databases (such as Elsevier, Springer, PubMed, CNKI, and Web of Science), books and papers until March 2022, and the critical information was statistically analyzed. RESULTS In this review, we highlighted extracts of 8 single herbs, a total of 41 single active ingredients, 20 TCM formulae, and 25 patented drugs, which were described with chemical structure, source, model, efficacy and potential mechanism. CONCLUSION We summarized the cytopathological basis for the development of atherosclerosis involving vascular endothelial cells, macrophages and vascular smooth muscle cells, and categorically elaborated the medicinal TCM used for AS, all of which provide the current evidence on the better management of atherosclerosis by TCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbing Zhi
- Shaanxi Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Shaanxi Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital), Xi'an, 710003, PR China.
| | - Yang Liu
- Shaanxi Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Shaanxi Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital), Xi'an, 710003, PR China
| | - Xiumei Wang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Hong Zhang
- Shaanxi Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Shaanxi Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital), Xi'an, 710003, PR China.
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33
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An Alkali-extracted Polysaccharide from Poria cocos Activates RAW264.7 Macrophages via NF-κB Signaling Pathway. ARAB J CHEM 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2023.104592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
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34
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Wang Y, Wu Z, Chen H, Liu R, Zhang W, Chen X. Astragalus polysaccharides protect against inactivated Vibrio alginolyticus-induced inflammatory injury in macrophages of large yellow croaker. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 131:95-104. [PMID: 36206995 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.09.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
As an effective immunostimulant, Astragalus polysaccharides (APS) have been widely used in fish aquaculture, however, their action mechanisms remain poorly understood. In the present paper, the inflammatory macrophage model of large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea) was constructed by using formalin-inactivated Vibrio alginolyticus. Inactivated V. alginolyticus could cause cellular damage of primary head kidney macrophages (PKM) by decreasing cell activity and inducing reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and cell apoptosis. When PKM were pretreated with APS, the depressed cell activity induced by inactivated V. alginolyticus was significantly improved, and ROS overproduction and cell apoptosis were inhibited. Then the protection mechanism of APS was investigated by transcriptome analysis. After treated with inactivated V. alginolyticus, the expression of immune-related genes (TLR5s, TLR13, Clec4e, IKK, IκB, BCL-3, NF-κB2, REL, IL-1β, and IL-6) and pyroptosis-related genes (caspase-1, NLRP3, and NLRC3) in PKM were significantly up-regulated. However, APS pretreatment reversed the up-regulation of most of the above-mentioned genes, where TLR5s, BCL-3, REL, caspase-1, NLRP12, IL-1β, and IL-6 were significantly down-regulated compared with inactivated V. alginolyticus-treated group. These results suggested that APS could protect large yellow croaker PKM against inactivated V. alginolyticus-induced inflammatory injury, and may exert their protection effects by activating NF-κB and pyroptosis signaling pathways. These findings therefore advance our understanding of the immune regulation mechanism of APS in fish, and facilitate the application of APS in prevention and control of fish bacteriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongyang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, Institute of Oceanology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, PR China
| | - Ziliang Wu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, Institute of Oceanology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, PR China
| | - Hui Chen
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, Institute of Oceanology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, PR China
| | - Ruoyu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, Institute of Oceanology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, PR China
| | - Weini Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, Institute of Oceanology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, PR China; University Key Lab for Integrated Chinese Traditional and Western Veterinary Medicine and Animal Healthcare in Fujian Province, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, PR China.
| | - Xinhua Chen
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, Institute of Oceanology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, PR China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, 519000, PR China.
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35
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Zhang C, Shu Y, Li Y, Guo M. Extraction and immunomodulatory activity of the polysaccharide obtained from Craterellus cornucopioides. Front Nutr 2022; 9:1017431. [PMID: 36424922 PMCID: PMC9678937 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1017431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the structural features of the polysaccharide obtained from Craterellus cornucopioides (CCP2) by high-performance liquid chromatography, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and ion chromatography. The results showed that CCP2 was a catenarian pyranose that principally comprised of mannose, galactose, glucose, and xylose in the ratio of 1.86: 1.57: 1.00: 1.14, with a molecular weight of 8.28 × 104 Da. Moreover, the immunoregulation effect of CCP2 was evaluated both in vitro and in vivo. It displayed a remarkable immunological activity and activation in RAW264.7 cells by enhancing the phagocytosis of macrophages in a dose-dependent manner without showing cytotoxicity at the concentrations of 10–200 μg/mL in vitro. Additionally, Histopathological analysis indicated the protective function of CCP2 against immunosuppression induced by cyclophosphamide (Cy). Meanwhile, the intake of CCP2 had better immunoregulatory activity for immunosuppression BALB/c mice model. After prevention by CCP2, the spleen and thymus weight indexes of BALB/c mice model were significantly increased. The RT-qPCR and Western Blot results provided comprehensive evidence that the CCP2 could activate macrophages by enhancing the production of cytokines (IL-2, IL-6, and IL-8) and upregulating the protein expression of cell membrane receptor TLR4 and its downstream protein kinase (TRAF6, TRIF, and NF-κB p65) production of immunosuppressive mice through TLR4-NFκB p65 pathway. The results demonstrated that CCP2 could be a potential prebiotic and might provide meaningful information for further research on the immune mechanism.
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36
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Jiang LY, Kan YN, Yu ZP, Jian BY, Yao SJ, Lv LY, Liu JC. Prebiotic Effects of Chinese Herbal Polysaccharides on NAFLD Amelioration: The Preclinical Progress. Nat Prod Commun 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x221124751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is caused by fatty degeneration of liver cells, and there are currently no effective treatments. Numerous investigations have demonstrated that Chinese herbal medicines (CHMs) are effective against NAFLD. Polysaccharides (PS), the major components of most CHM, are primarily taken orally to be degraded and fermented by gut microbiota, which makes them a promising multivalent and multifunctional prebiotic candidate for NAFLD. In this review, the experimental evidence to prevent and treat NAFLD using the unique prebiotic effects of PS isolated from CHM are summarized to discuss additional treatment options for NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Yan Jiang
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Medical Technology College of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, China
| | - Yu-Na Kan
- Department of Polygenic Diseases, Research Institute of Medicine and Pharmacy, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, China
| | - Zhi-Pu Yu
- Department of Equipment, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, China
| | - Bai-Yu Jian
- Department of Polygenic Diseases, Research Institute of Medicine and Pharmacy, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, China
| | - Shu-Juan Yao
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Medical Technology College of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, China
| | - Li-Yan Lv
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Medical Technology College of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, China
| | - Ji-Cheng Liu
- Department of Polygenic Diseases, Research Institute of Medicine and Pharmacy, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, China
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37
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Chen X, Chen C, Fu X. Hypoglycemic activity in vitro and vivo of a water-soluble polysaccharide from Astragalus membranaceus. Food Funct 2022; 13:11210-11222. [PMID: 36222262 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo02298b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The polysaccharide AMP as one main bioactive component of Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch.) Bunge was separated and characterized. The results showed that AMP was a typical acidic heteropolysaccharide dominated by glucose, galacturonic acid and arabinose with typical shear-thinning and fluid-like behavior. Scanning electron microscopy images showed that AMP existed in the state of lamellar aggregates with a smooth compact surface. In addition, AMP exhibited strong antioxidant activity with an oxygen radical absorption capacity value of 278.68 ± 9.31 μM TE per g, and excellent α-glucosidase inhibitory activity and cholate binding ability. Furthermore, in vivo, AMP treatment significantly decreased blood glucose and serum insulin levels, improved glucose intolerance and insulin resistance, regulated the blood lipid profile, alleviated oxidative stress, and relieved liver damage in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) mice. Pearson correlation analysis suggested that the mitigation of oxidative stress contributed to the hypoglycemic effect of AMP, indicating that it is a beneficial functional food ingredient for T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxia Chen
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, South China University of Technology, 381 Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | - Chun Chen
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, South China University of Technology, 381 Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510640, China. .,SCUT-Zhuhai Institute of Modern Industrial Innovation, Zhuhai, 510641, China.,Guangzhou Institute of Modern Industrial Technology, Nansha, 511458, China.,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Xiong Fu
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, South China University of Technology, 381 Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510640, China. .,SCUT-Zhuhai Institute of Modern Industrial Innovation, Zhuhai, 510641, China.,Guangzhou Institute of Modern Industrial Technology, Nansha, 511458, China.,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, Guangzhou 510640, China.,Overseas Expertise Introduction Center for Discipline Innovation of Food Nutrition and Human Health (111 Center), Guangzhou 510640, China
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38
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Wang XF, Chen X, Tang Y, Wu JM, Qin DL, Yu L, Yu CL, Zhou XG, Wu AG. The Therapeutic Potential of Plant Polysaccharides in Metabolic Diseases. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:1329. [PMID: 36355500 PMCID: PMC9695998 DOI: 10.3390/ph15111329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant polysaccharides (PPS) composed of more than 10 monosaccharides show high safety and various pharmacological activities, including immunoregulatory, antitumor, antioxidative, antiaging, and other effects. In recent years, emerging evidence has indicated that many PPS are beneficial for metabolic diseases, such as cardiovascular disease (CVD), diabetes, obesity, and neurological diseases, which are usually caused by the metabolic disorder of fat, sugar, and protein. In this review, we introduce the common characteristics and functional activity of many representative PPS, emphasize the common risks and molecular mechanism of metabolic diseases, and discuss the pharmacological activity and mechanism of action of representative PPS obtained from plants including Aloe vera, Angelica sinensis, pumpkin, Lycium barbarum, Ginseng, Schisandra chinensis, Dioscorea pposite, Poria cocos, and tea in metabolic diseases. Finally, this review will provide directions and a reference for future research and for the development of PPS into potential drugs for the treatment of metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Fang Wang
- Sichuan Key Medical Laboratory of New Drug Discovery and Druggability Evaluation, Luzhou Key Laboratory of Activity Screening and Druggability Evaluation for Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Xue Chen
- Sichuan Key Medical Laboratory of New Drug Discovery and Druggability Evaluation, Luzhou Key Laboratory of Activity Screening and Druggability Evaluation for Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Yong Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau 999078, China
| | - Jian-Ming Wu
- Sichuan Key Medical Laboratory of New Drug Discovery and Druggability Evaluation, Luzhou Key Laboratory of Activity Screening and Druggability Evaluation for Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Da-Lian Qin
- Sichuan Key Medical Laboratory of New Drug Discovery and Druggability Evaluation, Luzhou Key Laboratory of Activity Screening and Druggability Evaluation for Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Lu Yu
- Sichuan Key Medical Laboratory of New Drug Discovery and Druggability Evaluation, Luzhou Key Laboratory of Activity Screening and Druggability Evaluation for Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Chong-Lin Yu
- Sichuan Key Medical Laboratory of New Drug Discovery and Druggability Evaluation, Luzhou Key Laboratory of Activity Screening and Druggability Evaluation for Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Xiao-Gang Zhou
- Sichuan Key Medical Laboratory of New Drug Discovery and Druggability Evaluation, Luzhou Key Laboratory of Activity Screening and Druggability Evaluation for Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - An-Guo Wu
- Sichuan Key Medical Laboratory of New Drug Discovery and Druggability Evaluation, Luzhou Key Laboratory of Activity Screening and Druggability Evaluation for Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of the Research and Development of Novel Pharmaceutical Preparations, College of Pharmacy, Changsha Medical University, Changsha 410219, China
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39
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Linghu KG, Ma Q, Xiong SH, Zhao M, Chen Q, Xu W, Chen M, Zhang JY, Hu Y, Xu W, Yu H. The “whole ingredients extract” of Astragali Radix improves the symptoms of dextran sulfate sodium-induced ulcerative colitis in mice through systemic immunomodulation. Chin Med 2022; 17:109. [PMID: 36109750 PMCID: PMC9479389 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-022-00661-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a common inflammatory intestinal disease. Astragali Radix (AR) is one of the traditional Chinese medicines used in clinic for UC treatment. In our previous study, the whole ingredient extract (WIE) from AR have been proved to possess better immunomodulatory effects on immunosuppressed mice compared with the conventional water extraction (WAE). In the present study, we further evaluated the therapeutic effects of WIE against dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced UC in mice through systemic immune regulation. Methods Gradient solvent extraction has been used to prepare the WIE of AR. The HPLC–MS analysis approach has been employed to analyze and compare the chemical differences between WAE and WIE. UC model was reproduced in 3% DSS-induced C57BL/6 mice for 6 days. Flow cytometric analysis for splenic lymphocyte subset. ELISA kits were used to determine the cytokines in the serum and colon tissues. The histopathological characteristics of colon were evaluated by hematoxylin–eosin staining and immunohistochemistry. Results The chemical compositions and the contents of main active ingredients were more abundant and higher in WIE than those in WAE. The WIE treatment altered a better action on reducing colitis disease activity index (DAI) and histological scores, as well as the recovered body weight and increased colon length in mice compared to the WAE group. Additionally, WIE showed better effects in recovering the levels of peripheral white blood cells in blood and cytokines (IL-2, IL-6 and MCP-1) in serum or colon tissues, improving the percentage of CD3+ and the ratio of CD4+/CD8+ in the spleen, and inhibiting the spleen enlargement in DSS-induced UC mice. Conclusions WIE has a more complete chemical composition than WAE. Meanwhile, WIE possesses better therapeutic effects on UC through resuming dysfunctional immunity in mice.
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40
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Bagalagel A, Diri R, Noor A, Almasri D, Bakhsh HT, Kutbi HI, Al-Gayyar MMH. The therapeutic effects of cycloastragenol in ulcerative colitis by modulating SphK/MIP-1α/miR-143 signalling. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2022; 131:406-419. [PMID: 36029292 DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.13788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) experience diarrhoea, hematochezia, and abdominal pain. UC is a well-known health challenge affecting 200-250 per 100,000 individuals worldwide, with a similar prevalence in both sexes and elevated upon activation of gut immune responses. We evaluated the potential therapeutic effects of cycloastragenol in experimentally-induced UC rats and examined the modulation of sphingosine kinase (SphK), macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1α, and miR-143. We treated UC rats with 30 mg/kg cycloastragenol and assessed gene and protein expression levels of SphK, MIP-1α, B-cell lymphoma 2 (BCL2), BCL2-associated X (BAX), miR-143, NF-κB, tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and active caspase-3. Colon sections were examined using electron microscopy; additional sections were stained with hematoxylin-eosin or immunostained with anti-TNF-α and anti-caspase-3 antibodies. Electron microscopy of UC specimens revealed dark distorted goblet cell nuclei with disarranged mucus granules and a non-distinct brush border with atypical microvilli. Hematoxylin-eosin staining showed damaged intestinal glands, severe hemorrhage, and inflammatory cell infiltration. Cycloastragenol treatment improved the induced morphological changes. In UC rats, cycloastragenol significantly reduced expression levels of SphK, MIP-1α, BAX, NF-κB, TNF-α, and active caspase-3, associated with BCL2 and miR-143 overexpression. Therefore, cycloastragenol protects against UC by modulating SphK/MIP-1α/miR-143, subsequently deactivating inflammatory and apoptotic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaa Bagalagel
- Dept. of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Reem Diri
- Dept. of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad Noor
- Dept. of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Deina Almasri
- Dept. of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hussain T Bakhsh
- Dept. of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hussam I Kutbi
- Dept. of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed M H Al-Gayyar
- Dept. of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.,Dept. of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
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41
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Jiang CL, Li XY, Shen WD, Pan LH, Li QM, Luo JP, Zha XQ. Bioactive polysaccharides and their potential health benefits in reducing the risks of atherosclerosis: A review. J Food Biochem 2022; 46:e14337. [PMID: 35945814 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.14337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a kind of lipid-driven chronic inflammatory disease of arteries and is the principal pathological basis of life-threatening cardiovascular disease events, such as strokes and heart attacks. Clinically, statins are the most commonly prescribed drugs for the treatment of atherosclerosis, but prolonged use of these drugs exhibit many adverse reactions and have limited efficacy. Polysaccharides are important natural biomacromolecules widely existing in plants, animals, microorganisms and algae. They have drawn considerable attention worldwide due to their multiple healthy functions, along with their non-toxic property. Importantly, a growing number of studies have demonstrated that bioactive polysaccharides exhibit prominent efficiency in controlling atherosclerotic risk factors like hyperlipemia, hypertension, oxidative stress, and inflammation. In recent decades, various bioactive polysaccharides with different structural features and anti-atherosclerotic potential from natural sources have been isolated, purified, and characterized. The aim of this review is to focus on the research progress of natural polysaccharides in reducing the risks of atherosclerosis based on evidence of in vitro and in vivo studies from 1966 to 2022. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: In the future, it is still necessary to strengthen the research on the development and mechanism of polysaccharides with anti-atherosclerotic potential. These anti-atherosclerotic polysaccharides with different structural characteristics and physiochemical properties from different sources will constitute a huge source of materials for future applications, especially in functional foods and drugs. The information summarized here may serve as useful reference materials for further investigation, production, and application of these polysaccharides in functional foods and therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Li Jiang
- Engineering Research Centre of Bioprocess of Ministry of Education, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, People's Republic of China.,School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue-Ying Li
- Engineering Research Centre of Bioprocess of Ministry of Education, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, People's Republic of China.,School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Di Shen
- Engineering Research Centre of Bioprocess of Ministry of Education, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Hua Pan
- Engineering Research Centre of Bioprocess of Ministry of Education, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang-Ming Li
- Engineering Research Centre of Bioprocess of Ministry of Education, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Ping Luo
- Engineering Research Centre of Bioprocess of Ministry of Education, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, People's Republic of China.,School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue-Qiang Zha
- Engineering Research Centre of Bioprocess of Ministry of Education, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, People's Republic of China.,School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Regulation for Major Disease of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, People's Republic of China
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42
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Yuan S, Li Y, Li J, Xue JC, Wang Q, Hou XT, Meng H, Nan JX, Zhang QG. Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products: Potential Approaches for Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:892790. [PMID: 35873579 PMCID: PMC9301246 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.892790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a rare, recurrent, and intractable inflammation obstruction of the stomach tract, usually accompanied by inflammation of cell proliferation and inflammation of the colon and carries a particular cause of inflammation. The clinical use of drugs in western countries affects IBD treatment, but various adverse effects and high prices limit their application. For these reasons, Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) is more advantageous in treating IBD. This paper reviews the mechanism and research status of TCM and natural products in IBD treatment by analyzing the relevant literature to provide a scientific and theoretical basis for IBD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, China.,Chronic Disease Research Center, Medical College, Dalian University, Dalian, China
| | - You Li
- Chronic Disease Research Center, Medical College, Dalian University, Dalian, China
| | - Jiao Li
- Chronic Disease Research Center, Medical College, Dalian University, Dalian, China.,Department of Immunology and Pathogenic Biology, Yanbian University College of Basic Medicine, Yanji, China
| | - Jia-Chen Xue
- Chronic Disease Research Center, Medical College, Dalian University, Dalian, China.,Department of Immunology and Pathogenic Biology, Yanbian University College of Basic Medicine, Yanji, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Chronic Disease Research Center, Medical College, Dalian University, Dalian, China
| | - Xiao-Ting Hou
- Chronic Disease Research Center, Medical College, Dalian University, Dalian, China
| | - Huan Meng
- Chronic Disease Research Center, Medical College, Dalian University, Dalian, China
| | - Ji-Xing Nan
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, China
| | - Qing-Gao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, China.,Chronic Disease Research Center, Medical College, Dalian University, Dalian, China.,Department of Immunology and Pathogenic Biology, Yanbian University College of Basic Medicine, Yanji, China
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43
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Wang D, Zhang Y, Xu M, Sun X, Cui X, Wang X, Liu D. Dietary Bacillus licheniformis improves the effect of Astragalus membranaceus extract on blood glucose by regulating antioxidation activity and intestinal microbiota in InR[E19]/TM2 Drosophila melanogaster. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0271177. [PMID: 35830425 PMCID: PMC9278782 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0271177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The diabetes mellitus prevalence is rapidly increasing in most parts of the world and has become a vital health problem. Probiotic and herbal foods are valuable in the treatment of diabetes. Methods and performance In this study, Bacillus licheniformis (BL) and Astragalus membranaceus extract (AE) were given with food to InR[E19]/TM2 Drosophila melanogaster, and the blood glucose, antioxidation activity and intestinal microbiota were investigated. The obtained results showed that BA (BL and AE combination) supplementation markedly decreased the blood glucose concentration compared with the standard diet control group, accompanied by significantly increased enzymatic activities of catalase (CAT), decreased MDA levels and prolonged lifespan of InR[E19]/TM2 D. melanogaster. The treatments with BL, AE and BA also ameliorated intestinal microbiota equilibrium by increasing the population of Lactobacillus and significantly decreasing the abundance of Wolbachia. In addition, clearly different evolutionary clusters were found among the control, BL, AE and BA-supplemented diets, and the beneficial microbiota, Lactobacillaceae and Acetobacter, were found to be significantly increased in male flies that were fed BA. These results indicated that dietary supplementation with AE combined with BL not only decreased blood glucose but also extended the lifespan, with CAT increasing, MDA decreasing, and intestinal microbiota improving in InR[E19]/TM2 D. melanogaster. Conclusion The obtained results showed that dietary supplementation with BL and AE, under the synergistic effect of BL and AE, not only prolonged the lifespan of InR[E19]/TM2 D. melanogaster, increased body weight, and improved the body’s antiaging enzyme activity but also effectively improved the types and quantities of beneficial bacteria in the intestinal flora of InR[E19]/TM2 D. melanogaster to improve the characteristics of diabetes symptoms. This study provides scientific evidence for a safe and effective dietary therapeutic method for diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denghui Wang
- School of Life Science, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, PR China
| | - Yaxin Zhang
- School of Life Science, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, PR China
| | - Meiling Xu
- School of Life Science, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, PR China
| | - Xiaoling Sun
- School of Food Technology and Biotechnology, Changchun Vocational Institute of Technology, Changchun, PR China
| | - Xiulin Cui
- School of Life Science, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, PR China
| | - Xiuran Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Bioreactor and Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, PR China
- * E-mail: (XW); (DL)
| | - Dongbo Liu
- School of Life Science, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, PR China
- * E-mail: (XW); (DL)
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44
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Farag MR, Alagawany M, Khalil SR, El-Hady EW, Elhady WM, Ismail TA, Marini C, Di Cerbo A, Abdel-Latif HMR. Immunosuppressive Effects of Thallium Toxicity in Nile Tilapia Fingerlings: Elucidating the Rescue Role of Astragalus membranaceus Polysaccharides. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:843031. [PMID: 35754552 PMCID: PMC9218348 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.843031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the immunotoxic effects of thallium (Tl) in Nile tilapia fingerlings and the recovery role of dietary Astragalus membranaceus polysaccharides (ASs). An 8-week experiment was designed where 180 fishes were randomly and equally assigned in triplicates into the six groups: the control group (CNT) was reared in unpolluted water and fed a commercial diet, two groups were fed a well-balanced commercial diet plus 1.5 and 3.0 g AS/kg diet (AS0.15 and AS0.30), respectively, the fourth group was exposed to a sublethal dose of Tl (41.9 μg l-1) [equal to 1/10 of 96-h lethal concentration 50 (LC50)], and the last two groups were fed 0.15 and 0.3% AS, respectively, and concurrently exposed to Tl (41.9 μg l-1) (AS0.15+Tl and AS0.30+Tl). Fish hematobiochemical parameters, serum immunity [nitric oxide, total immunoglobulin M (IgM) levels, and lysozyme activity], transcription of hepatic interferon-γ (IFN-γ), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and resistance to Aeromonas hydrophila (A. hydrophila) were assessed. Hematobiochemical parameters and serum immune indices were significantly decreased in the fish group exposed to sublethal Tl concentration compared to the CNT group. Furthermore, Tl exposure significantly induced overexpression of IL-1β, TNF-α, and IFN-γ genes (4.22-, 5.45-, and 4.57-fold higher, respectively) compared to CNT values. Tl exposure also increased the cumulative mortality (%) in Nile tilapia challenged with A. hydrophila. Remarkably, the groups fed AS0.15+Tl and AS0.30+Tl significantly ameliorated all the aforementioned parameters, but did not reach CNT values. Our findings suggest the possible immunomodulating roles of dietary AS in recovering the immunotoxic effects of Tl in Nile tilapia. We can conclude that dietary AS would be useful for maintaining the immunity of Nile tilapia fingerlings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayada R Farag
- Forensic Medicine and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud Alagawany
- Poultry Department, Agriculture Faculty, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Samah R Khalil
- Forensic Medicine and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Eman W El-Hady
- Forensic Medicine and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Walaa M Elhady
- Forensic Medicine and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Tamer Ahmed Ismail
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Turabah University College, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Carlotta Marini
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Matelica, Italy
| | - Alessandro Di Cerbo
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Matelica, Italy
| | - Hany M R Abdel-Latif
- Department of Poultry and Fish Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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45
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Li CX, Liu Y, Zhang YZ, Li JC, Lai J. Astragalus polysaccharide: a review of its immunomodulatory effect. Arch Pharm Res 2022; 45:367-389. [PMID: 35713852 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-022-01393-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The Astragalus polysaccharide is an important bioactive component derived from the dry root of Astragalus membranaceus. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the research progress on the immunomodulatory effect of Astragalus polysaccharide and provide valuable reference information. We review the immunomodulatory effect of Astragalus polysaccharide on central and peripheral immune organs, including bone marrow, thymus, lymph nodes, spleen, and mucosal tissues. Furthermore, the immunomodulatory effect of Astragalus polysaccharide on a variety of immune cells is summarized. Studies have shown that Astragalus polysaccharide can promote the activities of macrophages, natural killer cells, dendritic cells, T lymphocytes, B lymphocytes and microglia and induce the expression of a variety of cytokines and chemokines. The immunomodulatory effect of Astragalus polysaccharide makes it promising for the treatment of many diseases, including cancer, infection, type 1 diabetes, asthma, and autoimmune disease. Among them, the anticancer effect is the most prominent. In short, Astragalus polysaccharide is a valuable immunomodulatory medicine, but further high-quality studies are warranted to corroborate its clinical efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Xiao Li
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yu-Zhen Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jing-Chun Li
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.
| | - Jiang Lai
- Department of Anorectal Surgery, Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, China.
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46
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Rao S, Lin Y, Lin R, Liu J, Wang H, Hu W, Chen B, Chen T. Traditional Chinese medicine active ingredients-based selenium nanoparticles regulate antioxidant selenoproteins for spinal cord injury treatment. J Nanobiotechnology 2022; 20:278. [PMID: 35701758 PMCID: PMC9195429 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-022-01490-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background As Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) drugs, Huangqi and Danshen are always applied in combination for spinal cord injury (SCI) treatment based on the compatibility theory of TCM. Astragalus Polysaccharidesis (APS) and Tanshinone IIA (TSIIA) are the main active ingredients of Huangqi and Danshen, and they both possess neuroprotective effects through antioxidant activities. However, low solubility and poor bioavailability have greatly limited their application. In recent years, selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) have drawn enormous attention as potential delivery carrier for antioxidant drugs. Results In this study, TCM active ingredients-based SeNPs surface decorated with APS and loaded with TSIIA (TSIIA@SeNPs-APS) were successfully synthesized under the guidance of the compatibility theory of TCM. Such design improved the bioavailability of APS and TSIIA with the benefits of high stability, efficient delivery and highly therapeutic efficacy for SCI treatment illustrated by an improvement of the antioxidant protective effects of APS and TSIIA. The in vivo experiments indicated that TSIIA@SeNPs-APS displayed high efficiency of cellular uptake and long retention time in PC12 cells. Furthermore, TSIIA@SeNPs-APS had a satisfactory protective effect against oxidative stress-induced cytotoxicity in PC12 cells by inhibiting excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, so as to alleviate mitochondrial dysfunction to reduce cell apoptosis and S phase cell cycle arrest, and finally promote cell survival. The in vivo experiments indicated that TSIIA@SeNPs-APS can protect spinal cord neurons of SCI rats by enhancing GSH-Px activity and decreasing MDA content, which was possibly via the metabolism of TSIIA@SeNPs-APS to SeCys2 and regulating antioxidant selenoproteins to resist oxidative stress-induced damage. Conclusions TSIIA@SeNPs-APS exhibited promising therapeutic effects in the anti-oxidation therapy of SCI, which paved the way for developing the synergistic effect of TCM active ingredients by nanotechnology to improve the efficacy as well as establishing novel treatments for oxidative stress-related diseases associated with Se metabolism and selenoproteins regulation. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12951-022-01490-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyuan Rao
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China.,Division of Spine Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Yongpeng Lin
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China.,Division of Spine Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Rui Lin
- Division of Spine Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Jinggong Liu
- Division of Spine Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Hongshen Wang
- Division of Spine Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Weixiong Hu
- Division of Spine Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Bolai Chen
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China. .,Division of Spine Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510120, China.
| | - Tianfeng Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
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47
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Bo S, Dan M, Han W, Ochir S, Bao L, Liu L, Muschin T, Baigude H. Physicochemical properties, immunostimulatory and antioxidant activities of a novel polysaccharide isolated from Mirabilis himalaica (Edgew) Heim. RSC Adv 2022; 12:17264-17275. [PMID: 35765428 PMCID: PMC9185703 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra00060a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Herbal medicines often contain bioactive polysaccharides. However, many medicinal herbs have not been explored for any active saccharides that may play key roles in their bioactivities. Herein, we extracted a novel polysaccharide from Mirabilis himalaica (Edgew) heim (denoted MHHP), a popular medicinal ingredient in traditional medicines. The structural and morphological characteristics of MHHP were measured and elucidated by high-performance gel permeation chromatography, gas chromatography connected with mass spectrometry, Fourier transform infrared and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy as well as scanning electron microscopy. MHHP was homogeneous with a molecular weight of 16.1 kDa, M w/M n = 1.33, containing mainly α-d-glucan residues with (1→4)-linkage. The biological activities of MHHP upon proliferation of splenic lymphocyte, activation of related cytokine and production of nitric oxide (NO) in RAW264.7 cells were investigated in vitro. MHHP induced proliferation of mouse spleen lymphocytes and significantly promoted the secretion in TNF-α, IL-6 and NO production in RAW264.7 cells. Meanwhile, MHHP exhibited relatively low antioxidant abilities. Our data suggested that MHHP may have potential immunoregulatory and anti-inflammatory activity, with a moderate antioxidant activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surina Bo
- College of Pharmacy, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Jinshan Development Zone Hohhot Inner Mongolia 010110 P. R. China
| | - Mu Dan
- College of Pharmacy, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Jinshan Development Zone Hohhot Inner Mongolia 010110 P. R. China
| | - Wenjie Han
- College of Pharmacy, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Jinshan Development Zone Hohhot Inner Mongolia 010110 P. R. China
| | - Sarangua Ochir
- Academy of Mongolian Medicine, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Jinshan Development Zone Hohhot Inner Mongolia 010110 P. R. China +86-0471-6653165
| | - Liang Bao
- Academy of Mongolian Medicine, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Jinshan Development Zone Hohhot Inner Mongolia 010110 P. R. China +86-0471-6653165
| | - Lingwei Liu
- Academy of Mongolian Medicine, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Jinshan Development Zone Hohhot Inner Mongolia 010110 P. R. China +86-0471-6653165
| | - Tegshi Muschin
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Green Catalysis, College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Inner Mongolia Normal University Inner Mongolia 010022 P. R. China +86-0471-6990751
| | - Huricha Baigude
- Institute of Mongolian Medicinal Chemistry, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University Hohhot Inner Mongolia 010020 P. R. China +86 471 4992511 +86 471 4992511
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Astragalus Shiitake—A Novel Functional Food with High Polysaccharide Content and Anti-Proliferative Activity in a Colorectal Carcinoma Cell Line. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14112333. [PMID: 35684133 PMCID: PMC9182587 DOI: 10.3390/nu14112333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The chemical and nutritional constituents of mushrooms can alter significantly when grown on different substrates. Based on this fact, an approach was made to cultivate a new type of mushroom, Hengshan Astragalus Shiitake, by growing Shiitake mushrooms on beds supplemented with the roots of an edible herbal plant, Astragalus membranaceus. In this study, three green extraction techniques, including microwave-enzyme assisted (MEA), ultrasound-enzyme assisted (UEA) and microwave-ultrasound-enzyme assisted (MUEA) extractions, were used to compare both the yield and antiproliferative activity of the polysaccharide-rich extracts (PREs) from HAS in human colorectal carcinoma cells (HCT 116). Both HAS-A and HAS-B extracts contain significantly higher amounts of polysaccharides when compared to the control (Shiitake extract), regardless of the extraction methods. The PREs from HAS-B have significantly higher anti-proliferative activity in HCT 116 compared to the control when using the UEA extraction method. Our findings demonstrate that HAS-B can become a novel functional food with anti-proliferative activities and the optimization of UEA extraction would help to develop new active extract-based health products.
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49
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Tang Z, Huang G. Extraction, structure, and activity of polysaccharide from Radix astragali. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 150:113015. [PMID: 35468585 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Radix astragali polysaccharide (RAP) is a water-soluble heteropolysaccharide. It is an immune promoter and regulator, and has antivirus, antitumor, anti-aging, anti-radiation, anti-stress, anti-oxidation and other activitys. The extraction, separation, purification, structure, activity and modification of RAP were summarized. Some extraction methods of RAP had been introduced, and the separation and purification methods of RAP were reviewed, and the structure and activity of RAP were highly discussed. Current derivatization of RAP was outlined. Through the above discussion that the yield of crude polysaccharides from Radix astragali by enzyme-assisted extraction was significantly higher than that by other extraction methods, but each extraction method had different extraction effects under certain conditions, and the activity efficiency of RAP was also different. Therefore, it is particularly important to optimize the extraction method with known better yield for the study of RAP. In addition, the purification and separation of RAP are the key factors affecting the yield and activity of RAP. At the same time, there are still few studies on the derivatiration of Radix astragali polysaccharide, but the researches in this area are very important. RAP also has many important pharmacological effects on human body, but its practical application needs further study. Finally, studies on the structure-activity relationship of RAP still need to be carried out by many scholars. This review would provide some help for further researches on various important applications of RAP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenjie Tang
- Laboratory of Carbohydrate Science and Engineering, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Inorganic Functional Materials, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Gangliang Huang
- Laboratory of Carbohydrate Science and Engineering, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Inorganic Functional Materials, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing 401331, China.
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50
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Kozhevnikova OS, Devyatkin VA, Tyumentsev MA, Rudnitskaya EA, Fursova AZ, Kolosova NG. Astragalus membranaceus Increases Leukocyte Telomere Length, but Does Not Suppress Development of Accelerated Senescence Signs in OXYS Rats. ADVANCES IN GERONTOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s2079057022020114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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