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Ao Y, Ye H, Liu X, Li Y, Liu H, Ye S, Hu Y, Zhuang P, Zhang Y, Zheng C, Jiao J. Fish oil supplementation in relation to the risk of chronic kidney disease among patients with diabetes. Diabetes Obes Metab 2024; 26:5283-5292. [PMID: 39192528 DOI: 10.1111/dom.15880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2024] [Revised: 07/29/2024] [Accepted: 08/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024]
Abstract
AIM To investigate the association between fish oil supplementation and subsequent risk of chronic kidney disease (CKD) among patients with diabetes, and further evaluate the mediation effect of typical glycolipid and inflammatory biomarkers. METHODS In total, 24 497 patients with diabetes from the UK Biobank were included. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to estimate the hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for CKD risk, and the rate advancement period was calculated to quantify and communicate the impact of fish oil upon that risk. In addition, we also used mediation analysis to assess the mediating role of plasma biomarkers. RESULTS Overall, 7122 patients reported taking fish oil supplements. During a mean of 11.3 years of follow-up, 3533 CKD cases occurred. In the fully adjusted model, fish oil use was inversely associated with the incidence of CKD (HR 0.90; 95% CI: 0.83, 0.97), which was mediated by serum levels of HbA1c (4.7%), C-reactive protein (CRP) (3.4%) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (2.3%). Participants who took fish oil supplements displayed the same risk of CKD events, but that risk was delayed by approximately 2.79 years compared with non-users of fish oil. CONCLUSIONS Our findings advocate the beneficial role of fish oil use in preventing CKD among patients with diabetes, which may be mediated by serum levels of HbA1c, CRP and HDL-C, and support public health policies aiming to promote fish oil supplementation for the prevention of diabetes complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Ao
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hao Ye
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaohui Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yin Li
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Haoyin Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shu Ye
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yepeng Hu
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Pan Zhuang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chao Zheng
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jingjing Jiao
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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Grasso F, Martínez MMA, Turrini F, Méndez Paz D, Vázquez Sobrado R, Orlandi V, Jenssen M, Lian K, Rombi J, Tiso M, Razzuoli E, Costas C, Boggia R. Antioxidant Marine Hydrolysates Isolated from Tuna Mixed Byproducts: An Example of Fishery Side Streams Upcycling. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:1011. [PMID: 39199255 PMCID: PMC11351660 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13081011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2024] [Revised: 08/13/2024] [Accepted: 08/16/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024] Open
Abstract
The aim of this research is to propose simple and scalable processes to obtain bioactive peptides extensively hydrolyzed starting from a tuna mixed biomass. The upcycling of this powdered biomass is challenging since it comes from the unsorted industrial side streams of the tuna canning process (cooked residues from fillet trimming) after a patented mild dehydration useful for preventing its degradation until its exploitation. Two different protocols were proposed, with and without the inclusion of an exogenous enzyme (Enzymatic-Assisted Extraction, EAE), with no relevant differences in yields (24% vs. 22%) and a comparable amino acid composition. Nevertheless, the former protocol (with EAE) provided peptides with an average molecular weight of 1.3 kDa, and the second one (without EAE) provided peptides with an average molecular weight of 2.2 kDa. The two corresponding types of tuna protein hydrolysates (Enzymatic Hydrolysates (EH) and Non-Enzymatic Hydrolysates (NEH)) were characterized by proximate compositions, pH, color profile, amino acid analysis, FTIR spectra, and molecular weight distribution. In addition, several biological analyses were performed to assess their potential use as nutraceutical supplements: special attention has been paid to antioxidant activity using three different methods to quantify it. EH showed the most promising antioxidant activity which could be exploited also in other fields (e.g., biomaterials, cosmetics).
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Grasso
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Genova, Viale Cembrano 4, 16148 Genova, Italy; (F.G.); (V.O.); (R.B.)
| | - María Mercedes Alonso Martínez
- ANFACO-CECOPESCA, Department of Circular Economy, Colexio Universitario, 36310 Vigo, Spain; (M.M.A.M.); (D.M.P.); (R.V.S.); (C.C.)
| | - Federica Turrini
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Genova, Viale Cembrano 4, 16148 Genova, Italy; (F.G.); (V.O.); (R.B.)
- National Center for the Development of New Technologies in Agriculture (Agritech), 80121 Napoli, Italy
| | - Diego Méndez Paz
- ANFACO-CECOPESCA, Department of Circular Economy, Colexio Universitario, 36310 Vigo, Spain; (M.M.A.M.); (D.M.P.); (R.V.S.); (C.C.)
| | - Rebeca Vázquez Sobrado
- ANFACO-CECOPESCA, Department of Circular Economy, Colexio Universitario, 36310 Vigo, Spain; (M.M.A.M.); (D.M.P.); (R.V.S.); (C.C.)
| | - Valentina Orlandi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Genova, Viale Cembrano 4, 16148 Genova, Italy; (F.G.); (V.O.); (R.B.)
| | - Marte Jenssen
- Nofima, Muninbakken, 9-13, 9019 Tromsø, Norway; (M.J.); (K.L.)
| | - Kjersti Lian
- Nofima, Muninbakken, 9-13, 9019 Tromsø, Norway; (M.J.); (K.L.)
| | - Junio Rombi
- MICAMO LAB, Via XX Settembre 33/10, 16121 Genova, Italy; (J.R.); (M.T.)
| | - Micaela Tiso
- MICAMO LAB, Via XX Settembre 33/10, 16121 Genova, Italy; (J.R.); (M.T.)
| | - Elisabetta Razzuoli
- Sezione di Genova Portualità Marittima, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, 16129 Genova, Italy;
| | - Celina Costas
- ANFACO-CECOPESCA, Department of Circular Economy, Colexio Universitario, 36310 Vigo, Spain; (M.M.A.M.); (D.M.P.); (R.V.S.); (C.C.)
| | - Raffaella Boggia
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Genova, Viale Cembrano 4, 16148 Genova, Italy; (F.G.); (V.O.); (R.B.)
- National Biodiversity Future Center (NBFC), 90133 Palermo, Italy
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3
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Lu J, Liu R, Ren H, Wang S, Hu C, Shi Z, Li M, Liu W, Wan Q, Su Q, Li Q, Zheng H, Qu S, Yang F, Ji H, Lin H, Qi H, Wu X, Wu K, Chen Y, Xu Y, Xu M, Wang T, Zheng J, Ning G, Zheng R, Bi Y, Zhong H, Wang W. Impact of omega-3 fatty acids on hypertriglyceridemia, lipidomics, and gut microbiome in patients with type 2 diabetes. MED 2024:S2666-6340(24)00306-4. [PMID: 39163858 DOI: 10.1016/j.medj.2024.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/22/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fish oil (FO), a mixture of omega-3 fatty acids mainly comprising docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), has been recommended for patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and hypertriglyceridemia. However, its effects on lipidomic profiles and gut microbiota and the factors influencing triglyceride (TG) reduction remain unclear. METHODS We conducted a 12-week, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in 309 Chinese patients with T2D with hypertriglyceridemia (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT03120299). Participants were randomly assigned (1:1) to receive either 4 g FO or corn oil for 12 weeks. The primary outcome was changes in serum TGs and the lipidomic profile, and the secondary outcome included changes in the gut microbiome and other metabolic variables. FINDINGS The FO group had significantly better TG reduction (mean [95% confidence interval (CI)]: -1.51 [-2.01, -1.01] mmol/L) compared to the corn oil group (-0.66 [-1.15, -0.16] mmol/L, p = 0.02). FO significantly altered the serum lipid profile by reducing low-unsaturated TG species and increasing those containing DHA or EPA. FO had minor effects on gut microbiota, while baseline microbial features predicted the TG response to FO better than phenotypic or lipidomic features, potentially mediated by specific lipid metabolites. A total of 9 lipid metabolites significantly mediated the link between 4 baseline microbial variables and the TG response to FO supplementation. CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrate differential impacts of omega-3 fatty acids on lipidomic and microbial profiles in T2D and highlight the importance of baseline gut microbiota characteristics in predicting the TG-lowering efficacy of FO. FUNDING This study was funded by the National Nature Science Foundation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieli Lu
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumor, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruixin Liu
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumor, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Huahui Ren
- BGI Research, Shenzhen, China; Institute of Intelligent Medical Research (IIMR), BGI Genomics, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shuangyuan Wang
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumor, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunyan Hu
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumor, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhun Shi
- BGI Research, Shenzhen, China; Institute of Intelligent Medical Research (IIMR), BGI Genomics, Shenzhen, China
| | - Mian Li
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumor, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qin Wan
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Qing Su
- Department of Endocrinology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qifu Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hongting Zheng
- Department of Endocrinology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shen Qu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tenth People's Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fangming Yang
- BGI Research, Shenzhen, China; Institute of Intelligent Medical Research (IIMR), BGI Genomics, Shenzhen, China
| | | | - Hong Lin
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumor, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongyan Qi
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumor, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xueyan Wu
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumor, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Kui Wu
- BGI Research, Shenzhen, China; Institute of Intelligent Medical Research (IIMR), BGI Genomics, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yuhong Chen
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumor, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Xu
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumor, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Xu
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumor, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Tiange Wang
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumor, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Zheng
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumor, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Guang Ning
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumor, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruizhi Zheng
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumor, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yufang Bi
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumor, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Huanzi Zhong
- BGI Research, Shenzhen, China; Institute of Intelligent Medical Research (IIMR), BGI Genomics, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Weiqing Wang
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumor, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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4
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Knapik JJ, Trone DW, Steelman RA, Lieberman HR. Associations between Chronic Medical Conditions and Persistent Dietary Supplement Use: The US Military Dietary Supplement Use Study. Nutrients 2024; 16:2253. [PMID: 39064696 PMCID: PMC11279933 DOI: 10.3390/nu16142253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2024] [Revised: 07/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
This longitudinal study examined associations between chronic medical conditions (CMCs) and persistent dietary supplement (DS) use. On two separate occasions, 1.3 ± 0.2 years apart, military service members (SMs) (n = 5778) completed identical questionnaires concerning their DS use in the past 6 months and their demographic and lifestyle characteristics. Medical conditions were obtained from a medical surveillance system six months before the first questionnaire and during the period between questionnaires. Diagnoses were grouped into 19 major (largely systemic) and 9 specific CMCs. Conditions diagnosed in both periods (CMCs) were examined in relation to DS use reported on both questionnaires (persistent DS use). After adjustment for demographic and lifestyle factors, higher odds of persistent DS use were found in 7 of the 19 major CMCs and 5 of the 9 specific CMCs. SMs with a CMC had 1.25 (95% confidence interval [95%CI] = 1.10-1.41) higher adjusted odds of persistent DS use. The three specific CMCs with the highest adjusted odds of persistent DS use were anxiety (odds ratio [OR] = 2.30, 95%CI = 1.36-3.89), depression (OR = 2.12, 95%CI = 1.20-3.73), and gastroesophageal reflux disease (OR = 2.02, 95%CI = 1.02-4.04). Among DS categories, participants with a CMC had higher adjusted odds of persistent vitamins or mineral use (OR = 1.31, 95% CI = 1.12-1.53). Participants with CMCs had a higher prevalence of persistent DS use, especially individual vitamin and mineral use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph J. Knapik
- Military Nutrition Division, US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, 10 General Greene Ave., Building 42, Natick, MA 01760, USA;
| | - Daniel W. Trone
- Deployment Health Research Department, Naval Health Research Center, Ryne Rd., Building 329, San Diego, CA 92152, USA;
| | - Ryan A. Steelman
- Defense Centers for Public Health–Aberdeen, 8300 Ricketts Point Rd., Building E-2850, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010, USA
| | - Harris R. Lieberman
- Military Nutrition Division, US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, 10 General Greene Ave., Building 42, Natick, MA 01760, USA;
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Okamura T, Tsukamoto K, Arai H, Fujioka Y, Ishigaki Y, Koba S, Ohmura H, Shoji T, Yokote K, Yoshida H, Yoshida M, Deguchi J, Dobashi K, Fujiyoshi A, Hamaguchi H, Hara M, Harada-Shiba M, Hirata T, Iida M, Ikeda Y, Ishibashi S, Kanda H, Kihara S, Kitagawa K, Kodama S, Koseki M, Maezawa Y, Masuda D, Miida T, Miyamoto Y, Nishimura R, Node K, Noguchi M, Ohishi M, Saito I, Sawada S, Sone H, Takemoto M, Wakatsuki A, Yanai H. Japan Atherosclerosis Society (JAS) Guidelines for Prevention of Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Diseases 2022. J Atheroscler Thromb 2024; 31:641-853. [PMID: 38123343 DOI: 10.5551/jat.gl2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tomonori Okamura
- Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Keio University School of Medicine
| | | | | | - Yoshio Fujioka
- Faculty of Nutrition, Division of Clinical Nutrition, Kobe Gakuin University
| | - Yasushi Ishigaki
- Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Iwate Medical University
| | - Shinji Koba
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine
| | - Hirotoshi Ohmura
- Department of Cardiovascular Biology and Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Tetsuo Shoji
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate school of Medicine
| | - Koutaro Yokote
- Department of Endocrinology, Hematology and Gerontology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Hiroshi Yoshida
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Jikei University Kashiwa Hospital
| | | | - Juno Deguchi
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Saitama Medical Center, Saitama Medical University
| | - Kazushige Dobashi
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi
| | | | | | - Masumi Hara
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mizonokuchi Hospital, Teikyo University School of Medicine
| | - Mariko Harada-Shiba
- Cardiovascular Center, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University
- Department of Molecular Pathogenesis, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute
| | - Takumi Hirata
- Institute for Clinical and Translational Science, Nara Medical University
| | - Mami Iida
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Gifu Prefectural General Medical Center
| | - Yoshiyuki Ikeda
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine and Hypertension, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University
| | - Shun Ishibashi
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Jichi Medical University, School of Medicine
- Current affiliation: Ishibashi Diabetes and Endocrine Clinic
| | - Hideyuki Kanda
- Department of Public Health, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University
| | - Shinji Kihara
- Medical Laboratory Science and Technology, Division of Health Sciences, Osaka University graduate School of medicine
| | - Kazuo Kitagawa
- Department of Neurology, Tokyo Women's Medical University Hospital
| | - Satoru Kodama
- Department of Prevention of Noncommunicable Diseases and Promotion of Health Checkup, Department of Hematology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Niigata University Faculty of Medicine
| | - Masahiro Koseki
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Yoshiro Maezawa
- Department of Endocrinology, Hematology and Gerontology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Daisaku Masuda
- Department of Cardiology, Center for Innovative Medicine and Therapeutics, Dementia Care Center, Doctor's Support Center, Health Care Center, Rinku General Medical Center
| | - Takashi Miida
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine
| | | | - Rimei Nishimura
- Department of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Jikei University School of Medicine
| | - Koichi Node
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Saga University
| | - Midori Noguchi
- Division of Public Health, Department of Social Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University
| | - Mitsuru Ohishi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine and Hypertension, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University
| | - Isao Saito
- Department of Public Health and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University
| | - Shojiro Sawada
- Division of Metabolism and Diabetes, Faculty of Medicine, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University
| | - Hirohito Sone
- Department of Hematology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Niigata University Faculty of Medicine
| | - Minoru Takemoto
- Department of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, International University of Health and Welfare
| | | | - Hidekatsu Yanai
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, National Center for Global Health and Medicine Kohnodai Hospital
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6
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Wimalasena ST, Ramírez Silva CI, Gonzalez Casanova I, Rivera JA, Sun YV, Stein AD, Ferranti EP, Alvarez JA, Demmelmair H, Koletzko B, Ramakrishnan U. Maternal and Offspring Fatty Acid Desaturase Variants, Prenatal DHA Supplementation, and Dietary n-6:n-3 Fatty Acid Ratio in Relation to Cardiometabolic Health in Mexican Children. J Nutr 2024; 154:1540-1548. [PMID: 38453026 PMCID: PMC11347803 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in fatty acid desaturase (FADS) genes may modify dietary fatty acid requirements and influence cardiometabolic health (CMH). OBJECTIVES We evaluated the role of selected variants in maternal and offspring FADS genes on offspring CMH at the age of 11 y and assessed interactions of genotype with diet quality and prenatal docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) supplementation. METHODS We used data from offspring (n = 203) born to females who participated in a randomized controlled trial of DHA supplementation (400 mg/d) from midgestation to delivery. We generated a metabolic syndrome (MetS) score from body mass index, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, systolic blood pressure, and fasting glucose and identified 6 distinct haplotypes from 5 offspring FADS SNPs. Dietary n-6 (ω-6):n-3 fatty acid ratios were derived from 24-h recall data (n = 141). We used generalized linear models to test associations of offspring diet and FADS haplotypes with MetS score and interactions of maternal and offspring FADS SNP rs174602 with prenatal treatment group and dietary n-6:n-3 ratio on MetS score. RESULTS Associations between FADS haplotypes and MetS score were null. Offspring SNP rs174602 did not modify the association of prenatal DHA supplementation with MetS score. Among children with TT or TC genotype for SNP rs174602 (n = 88), those in the highest n-6:n-3 ratio tertile (>8.61) had higher MetS score relative to the lowest tertile [<6.67) (Δ= 0.36; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.03, 0.69]. Among children with CC genotype (n = 53), those in the highest n-6:n-3 ratio tertile had a lower MetS score relative to the lowest tertile (Δ= -0.23; 95% CI: -0.61, 0.16). CONCLUSIONS There was evidence of an interaction of offspring FADS SNP rs174602 with current dietary polyunsaturated fatty acid intake, but not with prenatal DHA supplementation, on MetS score. Further studies may help to determine the utility of targeted supplementation strategies and dietary recommendations based on genetic profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Tandon Wimalasena
- Doctoral Program in Nutrition and Health Sciences, Laney Graduate School, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | | | | | - Juan A Rivera
- Center for Nutrition and Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Yan V Sun
- Department of Epidemiology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Aryeh D Stein
- Hubert Department of Global Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Erin P Ferranti
- Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Jessica A Alvarez
- Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Hans Demmelmair
- LMU - Ludwig Maximilians Universität Munich, Department of Pediatrics, LMU University Hospitals, Munich, Germany
| | - Berthold Koletzko
- LMU - Ludwig Maximilians Universität Munich, Department of Pediatrics, LMU University Hospitals, Munich, Germany
| | - Usha Ramakrishnan
- Hubert Department of Global Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States.
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7
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Mjaatveit M, Oldernes H, Gudbrandsen OA. Effects of diets containing fish oils or fish oil concentrates with high cetoleic acid content on the circulating cholesterol concentration in rodents. A systematic review and meta-analysis. Br J Nutr 2024; 131:606-621. [PMID: 37737066 PMCID: PMC10803824 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114523002118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
Hypercholesterolaemia is a major risk factor for CVD. Fish intake is associated with lower risk of CVD, whereas supplementation with n-3 long-chain PUFA (LC-PUFA) has little effect on the cholesterol concentration. We therefore investigated if cetoleic acid (CA), a long-chain MUFA (LC-MUFA) found especially in pelagic fish species, could lower the circulating total cholesterol (TC) concentration in rodents. A systematic literature search was performed using the databases PubMed, Web of Science and Embase, structured around the population (rodents), intervention (CA-rich fish oils or concentrates), comparator (diets not containing CA) and the primary outcome (circulating TC). Articles were assessed for risk of bias using the SYRCLE's tool. A meta-analysis was conducted in Review Manager v. 5.4.1 (the Cochrane Collaboration) to determine the effectiveness of consuming diets containing CA-rich fish oils or concentrates on the circulating TC concentration. Twelve articles were included in the systematic review and meta-analysis, with data from 288 rodents. Consumption of CA-rich fish oils and concentrates resulted in a significantly lower circulating TC concentration relative to comparator groups (mean difference -0·65 mmol/l, 95 % CI (-0·93, -0·37), P < 0·00001), with high statistical heterogeneity (I2 = 87 %). The risk of bias is unclear since few of the entries in the SYRCLE's tool were addressed. To conclude, intake of CA-rich fish oils and concentrates prevents high cholesterol concentration in rodents and should be further investigated as functional dietary ingredients or supplements to reduce the risk for developing CVD in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margrete Mjaatveit
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, 5021, Norway
| | - Helle Oldernes
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, 5021, Norway
| | - Oddrun Anita Gudbrandsen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, 5021, Norway
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8
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Erbay MI, Gamarra Valverde NN, Patel P, Ozkan HS, Wilson A, Banerjee S, Babazade A, Londono V, Sood A, Gupta R. Fish Oil Derivatives in Hypertriglyceridemia: Mechanism and Cardiovascular Prevention: What Do Studies Say? Curr Probl Cardiol 2024; 49:102066. [PMID: 37657524 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2023.102066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
Abstract
Hypertriglyceridemia is a type of dyslipidemia characterized by high triglyceride levels in the blood and increases the risk of cardiovascular disease. Conventional management includes antilipidemic medications such as statins, lowering LDL and triglyceride levels as well as raising HDL levels. However, the treatment may be stratified using omega-3 fatty acid supplements such as eicosatetraenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), aka fish oil derivatives. Studies have shown that fish oil supplements reduce the risk of cardiovascular diseases; however, the underlying mechanism and the extent of reduction in CVD need more clarification. Our paper aims to review the clinical trials and observational studies in the current literature, investigating the use of fish oil and its benefits on the cardiovascular system as well as the proposed underlying mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammed Ibrahim Erbay
- Department of Medicine, Istanbul University Cerrahpasa, Cerrahpasa School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Norma Nicole Gamarra Valverde
- Department of Medicine, Alberto Hurtado Faculty of Human Medicine, Facultad de Medicina Alberto Hurtado, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Perú
| | - Parth Patel
- Department of Medicine, University of Missouri Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, MI
| | - Hasan Selcuk Ozkan
- Department of Medicine, Ege University, School of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Andre Wilson
- Department of Medicine, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, D.C
| | - Suvam Banerjee
- Department of Health and Family Welfare, Burdwan Medical College and Hospital, The West Bengal University of Health Sciences, Government of West Bengal, India
| | - Aydan Babazade
- Department of Medicine, Azerbaijan Medical University, School of Medicine, Baku, Azerbaijan
| | - Valeria Londono
- Department of Medicine, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, D.C
| | - Aayushi Sood
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Wright Center for Graduate Medical Education, Scranton, PA
| | - Rahul Gupta
- Department of Cardiology, Lehigh Valley Health Network, Allentown, PA.
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9
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Pokushalov E, Ponomarenko A, Bayramova S, Garcia C, Pak I, Shrainer E, Voronina E, Sokolova E, Johnson M, Miller R. Evaluating the Impact of Omega-3 Fatty Acid (Soloways TM) Supplementation on Lipid Profiles in Adults with PPARG Polymorphisms: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial. Nutrients 2023; 16:97. [PMID: 38201926 PMCID: PMC10780403 DOI: 10.3390/nu16010097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence suggests that PPARG gene polymorphisms may influence lipid metabolism and cardiovascular risk, with omega-3 fatty acids proposed to modulate these effects. This study aims to assess the effects of fish oil supplementation on cardiovascular markers among adults with PPARG gene polymorphisms in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. A cohort of 102 patients with LDL-C 70-190 mg/dL was randomized to receive either 2000 mg of omega-3 fatty acids or a placebo daily for 90 days. In the omega-3 group with PPARG polymorphisms, LDL-C was reduced by 15.4% (95% CI: -19.8% to -11.0%), compared with a 2.6% decrease in the placebo group (95% CI: -4.1% to -1.1%; p < 0.01). In the omega-3 group without PPARG polymorphisms, LDL-C was reduced by 3.7% (95% CI: -6.9% to -0.6%), not significantly different from the placebo group's reduction of 2.9% (95% CI: -5.1% to -0.8%; p = 0.28). The reduction in LDL-C was notably 11.7% greater in those with PPARG polymorphisms than in those without (95% CI: -19.3% to -4.0%; p < 0.01). Triglycerides decreased by 21.3% in omega-3 recipients with PPARG polymorphisms (95% CI: -26.5% to -16.2%; p < 0.01), with no significant changes in HDL-C, total cholesterol, or hsCRP levels in any groups. Minor allele frequencies and baseline characteristics were comparable, ensuring a balanced genetic representation. Omega-3 fatty acids significantly reduce LDL-C and triglycerides in carriers of PPARG polymorphisms, underlining the potential for genetic-driven personalization of cardiovascular interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgeny Pokushalov
- Center for New Medical Technologies, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (A.P.); (S.B.); (I.P.); (E.S.)
- Scientific Research Laboratory, Triangel Scientific, San Francisco, CA 94101, USA; (C.G.)
| | - Andrey Ponomarenko
- Center for New Medical Technologies, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (A.P.); (S.B.); (I.P.); (E.S.)
| | - Sevda Bayramova
- Center for New Medical Technologies, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (A.P.); (S.B.); (I.P.); (E.S.)
| | - Claire Garcia
- Scientific Research Laboratory, Triangel Scientific, San Francisco, CA 94101, USA; (C.G.)
| | - Inessa Pak
- Center for New Medical Technologies, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (A.P.); (S.B.); (I.P.); (E.S.)
| | - Evgenya Shrainer
- Center for New Medical Technologies, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (A.P.); (S.B.); (I.P.); (E.S.)
| | - Elena Voronina
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (E.V.); (E.S.)
| | - Ekaterina Sokolova
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (E.V.); (E.S.)
| | - Michael Johnson
- Scientific Research Laboratory, Triangel Scientific, San Francisco, CA 94101, USA; (C.G.)
| | - Richard Miller
- Scientific Research Laboratory, Triangel Scientific, San Francisco, CA 94101, USA; (C.G.)
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10
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Michaeloudes C, Christodoulides S, Christodoulou P, Kyriakou TC, Patrikios I, Stephanou A. Variability in the Clinical Effects of the Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids DHA and EPA in Cardiovascular Disease-Possible Causes and Future Considerations. Nutrients 2023; 15:4830. [PMID: 38004225 PMCID: PMC10675410 DOI: 10.3390/nu15224830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) that includes myocardial infarction and stroke, is the leading cause of mortality worldwide. Atherosclerosis, the primary underlying cause of CVD, can be controlled by pharmacological and dietary interventions, including n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) supplementation. n-3 PUFA supplementation, primarily consisting of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), has shown promise in reducing atherosclerosis by modulating risk factors, including triglyceride levels and vascular inflammation. n-3 PUFAs act by replacing pro-inflammatory fatty acid types in cell membranes and plasma lipids, by regulating transcription factor activity, and by inducing epigenetic changes. EPA and DHA regulate cellular function through shared and differential molecular mechanisms. Large clinical studies on n-3 PUFAs have reported conflicting findings, causing confusion among the public and health professionals. In this review, we discuss important factors leading to these inconsistencies, in the context of atherosclerosis, including clinical study design and the differential effects of EPA and DHA on cell function. We propose steps to improve clinical and basic experimental study design in order to improve supplement composition optimization. Finally, we propose that understanding the factors underlying the poor response to n-3 PUFAs, and the development of molecular biomarkers for predicting response may help towards a more personalized treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charalambos Michaeloudes
- School of Medicine, European University Cyprus, Nicosia 2404, Cyprus; (S.C.); (P.C.); (T.-C.K.); (I.P.); (A.S.)
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11
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Gesner M, Frishman WH. Drug Therapy for Hypertriglyceridemia and Familial Chylomicronemia Syndrome: Focus on Volnesorsen. Cardiol Rev 2023; 31:325-329. [PMID: 36129324 DOI: 10.1097/crd.0000000000000468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Volanesorsen is a new medication that may soon be used in the treatment of hypertriglyceridemia and familial chylomicronemia syndrome (FCS). Volanesorsen works via binding to Apo C-III mRNA and degrading that mRNA, thus decreasing the synthesis of Apo C-III. This decreased synthesis of Apo C-III will increase the binding of triglycerides to LDL receptors and decrease triglyceride plasma levels. It is important to note that currently there are 3 other medication classes available for the treatment of hypertriglyceridemia, including niacin, fish oil/omega-3-fatty acids, and fibrates. However, there are no Food and Drug Administration-approved medications to treat FCS. Recently, volanesorsen was approved in the European Union for the treatment of FCS, but that indication was denied in the United States by the Food and Drug Administration. This was due to the side effects of the drug. Volanesorsen may cause a decrease in platelet count, renal toxicity, and elevate liver enzymes. The current drug regimen for volanesorsen consists of 285 mg once a week by subcutaneous injection, with a recommendation to immediately stop the medication if any of these side effects are noted, to prevent long-term complications. With these side effects reported, fish oil/omega-3-fatty acids seem likely the best choice when it comes to treating hypertriglyceridemia. If FCS is debilitating or greatly affecting the patient's life, then one could recommend volanesorsen. Otherwise, at this time, the side effects of volanesorsen may be too severe to justify its use for mild episodes of FCS or hypertriglyceridemia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - William H Frishman
- Departments of Medicine and Cardiology, New York Medical College/Westchester Medical Center, Valhalla, NY
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12
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Arimoto M, Yamamoto Y, Imaoka W, Kuroshima T, Toragai R, Nakamura M, Ito Y, Ai M. Small Dense Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Levels in Breakfast Skippers and Staple Foods Skippers. J Atheroscler Thromb 2023; 30:1376-1388. [PMID: 36878535 PMCID: PMC10564629 DOI: 10.5551/jat.64024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Skipping breakfast is known as a cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. Recently, eating and dietary patterns have been varied in many countries, however, the mechanisms of promoting CVD are still unclear. Our goal was to assess the effects of eating and dietary patterns on CVD risk factors, with a focus on lipid parameters including serum concentration of small dense low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (sdLDL-C). METHODS Subjects consisted of 27,997 Japanese men and women, who had medical check-up. Lipid parameters including sdLDL-C levels in breakfast skippers were compared with those in breakfast eaters. Lipid parameters in staple foods skippers were also compared with those in staple foods eaters. RESULTS Breakfast skippers had significantly (p<0.01) higher serum levels of median sdLDL-C than breakfast eaters in both genders (34.7 versus 32.0 mg/dL in men, 25.4 versus 24.9 mg/dL in women, respectively), and the same was true for sdLDL-C/LDL-C ratio (0.276 versus 0.260 in men, 0.218 versus 0.209 in women, respectively). Similarly, staple foods skippers had significantly higher sdLDL-C level than staple foods eaters in both genders (34.1 versus 31.6 mg/dL in men, 25.8 versus 24.7 mg/dL in women), and the same went for sdLDL-C/LDL-C ratio (0.278 versus 0.256 in men, 0.215 versus 0.208 mg/dL in women, respectively). CONCLUSION Our data indicate that both skipping breakfast and having meals without staple foods increase serum sdLDL-C concentration and cause unfavorable lipid profiles, and then may promote CVD. These finding provide evidence for the importance of having breakfast and meals with staple foods for preventing CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masako Arimoto
- Department of Insured Medical Care Management, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasushi Yamamoto
- Kansai Occupational Health Association, ACTY Health Evaluation Center, Osaka, Japan
| | - Wataru Imaoka
- Kansai Occupational Health Association, ACTY Health Evaluation Center, Osaka, Japan
| | - Toshio Kuroshima
- Kansai Occupational Health Association, Senri LC Health Evaluation Center, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ryoko Toragai
- Kansai Occupational Health Association, Senri LC Health Evaluation Center, Osaka, Japan
| | - Marie Nakamura
- Department of Insured Medical Care Management, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
- Koshigaya Laketown Clinic, Saitama, Japan
| | - Yasuki Ito
- Vaccine & Diagnostics R&D department, Denka Company Ltd., Niigata, Japan
| | - Masumi Ai
- Department of Insured Medical Care Management, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
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13
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Mititelu M, Licu M, Lupu CE, Neacșu SM, Olteanu G, Gabriela S, Drăgănescu D, Oancea CN, Busnatu ȘS, Hîncu L, Ciocîlteu MV, Lupuleasa D. Characterization of Some Dermato-Cosmetic Preparations with Marine Lipids from Black Sea Wild Stingray. Mar Drugs 2023; 21:408. [PMID: 37504939 PMCID: PMC10381174 DOI: 10.3390/md21070408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The traditional knowledge about the therapeutic and nutritional value of fish has been unanimously recognized among the population since ancient times. So, thanks to the therapeutic virtues of these marine animals, it was possible to develop therapies for certain pathologies as well as the use of bioactive compounds as adjunctive therapies incorporated into the treatment regimen of patients. In the present study, stingray liver oil from wild species collected from the Romanian coast of the Black Sea was isolated and analyzed. Fatty acid analysis was performed by gas chromatography. The analysis of the distribution of fatty acids in the composition of stingray liver oil indicates a ratio of 2.83 of omega 3 fatty acids to omega 6, a ratio of 1.33 of polyunsaturated fatty acids to monounsaturated fatty acids, an iodine index of 111.85, and a total percentage of 68.98% of unsaturated fatty acids. Stingray liver oil was used to evaluate the healing action after preparing a fatty ointment. According to the experimental data, a complete regeneration capacity of the wounds was noted in 12 days without visible signs. Four emulgels with stingray liver oil were formulated and analyzed from a rheological and structural point of view in order to select the optimal composition, after which the anti-inflammatory effect on inflammation caused in laboratory rats was studied and an anti-inflammatory effect was found significant (a maximum inhibitory effect of 66.47% on the edemas induced by the 10% kaolin suspension and 65.64% on the edemas induced by the 6% dextran solution).
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Mititelu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory and Food Safety, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Carol Davila, 020956 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Monica Licu
- Department of Medical Psychology, Faculty of Medicine, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Carmen Elena Lupu
- Department of Mathematics and Informatics, Faculty of Pharmacy, "Ovidius" University of Constanta, 6 Capitan Aviator Al. Serbanescu Street, Campus, C Block, 900001 Constanta, Romania
| | - Sorinel Marius Neacșu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Bio-pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020945 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Gabriel Olteanu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory and Food Safety, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Carol Davila, 020956 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Stanciu Gabriela
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ovidius University of Constanta, 900527 Constanta, Romania
| | - Doina Drăgănescu
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Computer Physics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020956 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Carmen-Nicoleta Oancea
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy from Craiova, 200345 Craiova, Romania
| | - Ștefan Sebastian Busnatu
- Department of Cardio-Thoracic Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Lucian Hîncu
- Department of Drug Industry and Pharmaceutical Biotechnologies Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Carol Davila, 020956 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Maria Viorica Ciocîlteu
- Department of Analytical and Instrumental Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Petru Rares Street, no. 2-4, 200638 Craiova, Romania
| | - Dumitru Lupuleasa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Bio-pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020945 Bucharest, Romania
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14
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Wang T, Zhang X, Zhou N, Shen Y, Li B, Chen BE, Li X. Association Between Omega-3 Fatty Acid Intake and Dyslipidemia: A Continuous Dose-Response Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. J Am Heart Assoc 2023; 12:e029512. [PMID: 37264945 PMCID: PMC10381976 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.123.029512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Background Previous results provide supportive but not conclusive evidence for the use of omega-3 fatty acids to reduce blood lipids and prevent events of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, but the strength and shape of dose-response relationships remain elusive. Methods and Results This study included 90 randomized controlled trials, reported an overall sample size of 72 598 participants, and examined the association between omega-3 fatty acid (docosahexaenoic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, or both) intake and blood lipid changes. Random-effects 1-stage cubic spline regression models were used to study the mean dose-response association between daily omega-3 fatty acid intake and changes in blood lipids. Nonlinear associations were found in general and in most subgroups, depicted as J-shaped dose-response curves for low-/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. However, we found evidence of an approximately linear dose-response relationship for triglyceride and non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol among the general population and more evidently in populations with hyperlipidemia and overweight/obesity who were given medium to high doses (>2 g/d). Conclusions This dose-response meta-analysis demonstrates that combined intake of omega-3 fatty acids near linearly lowers triglyceride and non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Triglyceride-lowering effects might provide supportive evidence for omega-3 fatty acid intake to prevent cardiovascular events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianjiao Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of MedicineMacau University of Science and TechnologyMacauChina
| | - Xin Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of MedicineMacau University of Science and TechnologyMacauChina
| | - Na Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of MedicineMacau University of Science and TechnologyMacauChina
| | - Yuxuan Shen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public HealthJilin UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Biao Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public HealthJilin UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Bingshu E. Chen
- Department of Public Health Sciences and Canadian Cancer Trials GroupQueen’s UniversityOntarioKingstonCanada
| | - Xinzhi Li
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of MedicineMacau University of Science and TechnologyMacauChina
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Rizzo M, Colletti A, Penson PE, Katsiki N, Mikhailidis DP, Toth PP, Gouni-Berthold I, Mancini J, Marais D, Moriarty P, Ruscica M, Sahebkar A, Vinereanu D, Cicero AFG, Banach M, Al-Khnifsawi M, Alnouri F, Amar F, Atanasov AG, Bajraktari G, Banach M, Gouni-Berthold I, Bhaskar S, Bielecka-Dąbrowa A, Bjelakovic B, Bruckert E, Bytyçi I, Cafferata A, Ceska R, Cicero AF, Chlebus K, Collet X, Daccord M, Descamps O, Djuric D, Durst R, Ezhov MV, Fras Z, Gaita D, Gouni-Berthold I, Hernandez AV, Jones SR, Jozwiak J, Kakauridze N, Kallel A, Katsiki N, Khera A, Kostner K, Kubilius R, Latkovskis G, John Mancini G, David Marais A, Martin SS, Martinez JA, Mazidi M, Mikhailidis DP, Mirrakhimov E, Miserez AR, Mitchenko O, Mitkovskaya NP, Moriarty PM, Mohammad Nabavi S, Nair D, Panagiotakos DB, Paragh G, Pella D, Penson PE, Petrulioniene Z, Pirro M, Postadzhiyan A, Puri R, Reda A, Reiner Ž, Radenkovic D, Rakowski M, Riadh J, Richter D, Rizzo M, Ruscica M, Sahebkar A, Serban MC, Shehab AM, Shek AB, Sirtori CR, Stefanutti C, Tomasik T, Toth PP, Viigimaa M, Valdivielso P, Vinereanu D, Vohnout B, von Haehling S, Vrablik M, Wong ND, Yeh HI, Zhisheng J, Zirlik A. Nutraceutical approaches to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD): A position paper from the International Lipid Expert Panel (ILEP). Pharmacol Res 2023; 189:106679. [PMID: 36764041 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2023.106679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) is a common condition affecting around 10-25% of the general adult population, 15% of children, and even > 50% of individuals who have type 2 diabetes mellitus. It is a major cause of liver-related morbidity, and cardiovascular (CV) mortality is a common cause of death. In addition to being the initial step of irreversible alterations of the liver parenchyma causing cirrhosis, about 1/6 of those who develop NASH are at risk also developing CV disease (CVD). More recently the acronym MAFLD (Metabolic Associated Fatty Liver Disease) has been preferred by many European and US specialists, providing a clearer message on the metabolic etiology of the disease. The suggestions for the management of NAFLD are like those recommended by guidelines for CVD prevention. In this context, the general approach is to prescribe physical activity and dietary changes the effect weight loss. Lifestyle change in the NAFLD patient has been supplemented in some by the use of nutraceuticals, but the evidence based for these remains uncertain. The aim of this Position Paper was to summarize the clinical evidence relating to the effect of nutraceuticals on NAFLD-related parameters. Our reading of the data is that whilst many nutraceuticals have been studied in relation to NAFLD, none have sufficient evidence to recommend their routine use; robust trials are required to appropriately address efficacy and safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manfredi Rizzo
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (Promise), University of Palermo, Via del Vespro 141, 90127 Palermo, Italy.
| | - Alessandro Colletti
- Department of Science and Drug Technology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Peter E Penson
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK; Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Liverpool, UK
| | - Niki Katsiki
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, International Hellenic University, Thessaloniki, Greece; School of Medicine, European University Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Dimitri P Mikhailidis
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Royal Free Campus, Medical School, University College London (UCL), London, UK
| | - Peter P Toth
- The Johns Hopkins Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Heart Disease, Baltimore, MD, USA; Preventive Cardiology, CGH Medical Center, Sterling, IL, USA
| | - Ioanna Gouni-Berthold
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Preventive Medicine, University of Cologne, Germany
| | - John Mancini
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - David Marais
- Chemical Pathology Division of the Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town Health Science Faculty, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Patrick Moriarty
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Division of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Massimiliano Ruscica
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Dragos Vinereanu
- Cardiology Department, University and Emergency Hospital, Bucharest, Romania, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Carol Davila, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Arrigo Francesco Giuseppe Cicero
- Hypertension and Cardiovascular disease risk research center, Medical and Surgical Sciences Department, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; IRCCS Policlinico S. Orsola-Malpighi, Bologna, Italy
| | - Maciej Banach
- Department of Preventive Cardiology and Lipidology, Medical University of Lodz (MUL), Poland; Polish Mother's Memorial Hospital Research Institute (PMMHRI), Lodz, Poland; Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Zielona Gora, Zielona Gora, Poland.
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Huang N, Wang F, Li S, Zhai X, Ma W, Liu K, Sheerah HA, Cao J, Eshak ES. Associations of eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid intakes with cardiovascular and all-cause mortality in patients with diabetes: Result from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999-2008. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 9:1031168. [PMID: 36698925 PMCID: PMC9868810 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.1031168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The evidence on eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) intake status and long-term mortality among people with diabetes is scarce. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between EPA and DHA intakes with all-cause and cause-specific mortality in adults with diabetes. Methods This study included 2,991 adults with diabetes from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999-2008. Death outcomes were ascertained by linkage to the database records through 31 December 2015. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for mortality from all causes, cardiovascular disease (CVD), and coronary heart disease (CHD) in patients with diabetes. Results Among 2,991 patients with diabetes, the mean age was 61.9 years (55.2% males). During the mean follow-up duration of 9.4 years, a total of 1,091 deaths were documented, of which 273 were due to CVD, including 227 CHD deaths. EPA and DHA intakes were associated with lower mortality risks, especially that of CVD. After adjusting for demographic, major lifestyle factors, overall dietary intake patterns, and history of hypertension and dyslipidemia, the multivariable HRs (95% CIs) of mortality risk comparing Q4 to Q1 of EPA intake were 0.55 (0.33-0.92; P-trend = 0.019) for CHD, 0.55 (0.36-0.83; P-trend = 0.005) for CVD, and 0.91 (0.70-1.18; P-trend = 0.264) for all-cause. The respective HRs (95% CIs) comparing Q4 to Q1 of DHA were 0.60 (0.37-0.98; P-trend = 0.051) for CHD, 0.58 (0.38-0.89; P-trend = 0.014) for CVD, and 0.92 (0.72-1.18; P-trend = 0.481) for all-cause. In subgroup analysis, we found that the association trends of EPA and DHA intakes with death risk remained robust among patients with diabetes, especially among those who are old, female, those with higher BMI, and dyslipidemia patients with CVD and CHD. Discussion In the USA, higher EPA and DHA intakes were associated with a lower risk of CHD and CVD mortality in patients with diabetes. Our study supports the benefits of adequate EPA and DHA intakes in promoting the health of patients with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nian Huang
- School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China,Center for Medical Statistics and Data Analysis, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shiyang Li
- School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaobing Zhai
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, Center for Artificial Intelligence Driven Drug Discovery, Macao Polytechnic University, Macao, Macau SAR, China
| | - Wenzhi Ma
- School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Keyang Liu
- Public Health, Department of Social Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Haytham A. Sheerah
- Health Promotion and Health Education Research Chair, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia,Health Promotion Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jinhong Cao
- School of Management, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China,Research Center for the Development of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hubei Province Project of Key Research Institute of Humanities and Social Sciences at Universities, Wuhan, China,*Correspondence: Jinhong Cao,
| | - Ehab S. Eshak
- Public Health and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minya, Egypt,Advanced Clinical Epidemiology, Medical Data Science Unit, Public Health, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan,Public Health, School of Health, Calvin University, Grand Rapids, MI, United States
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Gholipur-Shahraki T, Vahdat S, Seirafian S, Pourfarzam M, Badri S. Effect of Omega-3 Fatty Acids Supplementation on Homocysteine Level in Patients Undergoing Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis. J Res Pharm Pract 2022; 11:80-86. [PMID: 36798100 PMCID: PMC9926915 DOI: 10.4103/jrpp.jrpp_67_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective One of the most common diseases with high morbidity and mortality rates is chronic kidney disease. Cardiovascular disease affects most patients with chronic kidney disorders, particularly patients undergoing dialysis; hence, appropriate prevention and management approaches are essential. This study aimed to evaluate the reduction of inflammatory biomarkers, especially homocysteine, by omega-3 fatty acids in peritoneal dialysis patients. Methods This study enrolled 60 peritoneal dialysis patients who met specified inclusion and exclusion criteria and were randomized to intervention or placebo groups. Omega-3 capsules were given at a dose of 3 g/d for 8 weeks. Inflammatory markers, including high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), homocysteine, albumin, and lipid profile measured before and after the study. Findings Results of this trial revealed that the levels of homocysteine, hs-CRP, and albumin did not change significantly during the study. Analysis of lipid profiles before and after intervention showed omega-3 has no significant effect on the level of total cholesterol or low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; However, the level of triglyceride reduced remarkably (P = 0.002). In addition, serum levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol increased at the end of the study (P < 0.001). Conclusion Omega-3 does not seem to be able to change the inflammatory markers significantly, particularly homocysteine. More extensive trials must be conducted to better understand the impact of omega-3 on inflammatory and nutritional markers, particularly in peritoneal dialysis patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahereh Gholipur-Shahraki
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Sahar Vahdat
- Isfahan Kidney Diseases Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Shiva Seirafian
- Isfahan Kidney Diseases Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Morteza Pourfarzam
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Shirinsadat Badri
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran,Isfahan Kidney Diseases Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran,Address for correspondence: Dr. Shirinsadat Badri, E-mail:
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Huang PH, Lu YW, Tsai YL, Wu YW, Li HY, Chang HY, Wu CH, Yang CY, Tarng DC, Huang CC, Ho LT, Lin CF, Chien SC, Wu YJ, Yeh HI, Pan WH, Li YH. 2022 Taiwan lipid guidelines for primary prevention. J Formos Med Assoc 2022; 121:2393-2407. [PMID: 35715290 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfma.2022.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Elevated circulating low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) is a major risk factor of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). Early control of LDL-C to prevent ASCVD later in life is important. The Taiwan Society of Lipids and Atherosclerosis in association with the other seven societies developed this new lipid guideline focusing on subjects without clinically significant ASCVD. In this guideline for primary prevention, the recommended LDL-C target is based on risk stratification. A healthy lifestyle with recommendations for foods, dietary supplements and alcohol drinking are described. The pharmacological therapies for LDL-C reduction are recommended. The aim of this guideline is to decrease the risk of ASCVD through adequate control of dyslipidemia in Taiwan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Hsun Huang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Clinical Medicine and Cardiovascular Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Wen Lu
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Clinical Medicine and Cardiovascular Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Lin Tsai
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Clinical Medicine and Cardiovascular Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Wen Wu
- Division of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Medical Center, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan; Department of Nuclear Medicine, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan; School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Yuan Li
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Yun Chang
- Department of Family Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Institute of Allied Health Science, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hsing Wu
- Department of Family Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Institute of Gerontology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yu Yang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Der-Cherng Tarng
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department and Institute of Physiology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Chou Huang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Li-Ting Ho
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine and Hospital, Taiwan; Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Feng Lin
- Cardiovascular Center, Department of Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan; Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Chieh Chien
- Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan; Department of Critical Care Medicine, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yih-Jer Wu
- Cardiovascular Center, Department of Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan; Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Hung-I Yeh
- Cardiovascular Center, Department of Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan; Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Harn Pan
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Heng Li
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
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Je S, Yamaoka Y. Biotechnological Approaches for Biomass and Lipid Production Using Microalgae Chlorella and Its Future Perspectives. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 32:1357-1372. [PMID: 36310359 PMCID: PMC9720082 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2209.09012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Heavy reliance on fossil fuels has been associated with increased climate disasters. As an alternative, microalgae have been proposed as an effective agent for biomass production. Several advantages of microalgae include faster growth, usage of non-arable land, recovery of nutrients from wastewater, efficient CO2 capture, and high amount of biomolecules that are valuable for humans. Microalgae Chlorella spp. are a large group of eukaryotic, photosynthetic, unicellular microorganisms with high adaptability to environmental variations. Over the past decades, Chlorella has been used for the large-scale production of biomass. In addition, Chlorella has been actively used in various food industries for improving human health because of its antioxidant, antidiabetic, and immunomodulatory functions. However, the major restrictions in microalgal biofuel technology are the cost-consuming cultivation, processing, and lipid extraction processes. Therefore, various trials have been performed to enhance the biomass productivity and the lipid contents of Chlorella cells. This study provides a comprehensive review of lipid enhancement strategies mainly published in the last five years and aimed at regulating carbon sources, nutrients, stresses, and expression of exogenous genes to improve biomass production and lipid synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujeong Je
- Division of Biotechnology, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon 14662, Republic of Korea
| | - Yasuyo Yamaoka
- Division of Biotechnology, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon 14662, Republic of Korea,Corresponding author Phone: +82-2-2164-4034 Fax: +82-2-2164-4778 E-mail:
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20
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Effects of diets containing proteins from fish muscles or fish by-products on the circulating cholesterol concentration in rodents: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Br J Nutr 2022:1-22. [PMID: 36268726 DOI: 10.1017/s000711452200349x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
A high circulating cholesterol concentration is considered an important risk factor for the development of CVD. Since lean fish intake and fish protein supplementation have been associated with lower cholesterol concentration in some but not all clinical studies, the main aim of this study was to investigate the effect of diets containing proteins from fish muscles and fish by-products on the serum/plasma total cholesterol (TC) concentration in rodents. A systematic literature search was performed using the databases PubMed, Web of Science and Embase, structured around the population (rodents), intervention (type of fish and fraction, protein dose and duration), comparator (casein) and the primary outcome (circulating TC). Articles were assessed for risk of bias using the SYRCLE's tool. A meta-analysis was conducted in Review Manager v. 5·4·1 (the Cochrane Collaboration) to determine the effectiveness of proteins from fish on the circulating TC concentration. Thirty-nine articles were included in the systematic review and meta-analysis, with data from 935 rodents. The risk of bias is unclear since few of the entries in the SYRCLE's tool were addressed. Consumption of proteins from fish resulted in a significantly lower circulating TC concentration when compared with control groups (mean difference -0·24 mmol/l, 95 % CI - 0·34, -0·15, P < 0·00001), with high statistical heterogeneity (I2 = 71 %). To conclude, proteins from fish muscles and by-products show promise as a functional dietary ingredient or supplement by preventing high cholesterol concentration in rodents, thus reducing one of the most important risk factors for developing CVD.
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Tompkins YH, Chen C, Sweeney KM, Kim M, Voy BH, Wilson JL, Kim WK. The effects of maternal fish oil supplementation rich in n-3 PUFA on offspring-broiler growth performance, body composition and bone microstructure. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0273025. [PMID: 35972954 PMCID: PMC9380956 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0273025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the effects of maternal fish oil supplementation rich in n-3 PUFA on the performance and bone health of offspring broilers at embryonic development stage and at market age. Ross 708 broiler breeder hens were fed standard diets containing either 2.3% soybean oil (SO) or fish oil (FO) for 28 days. Their fertilized eggs were collected and hatched. For a pre-hatch study, left tibia samples were collected at 18 days of incubation. For a post-hatch study, a total of 240 male chicks from each maternal treatment were randomly selected and assigned to 12 floor pens and provided with the same broiler diets. At 42 days of age, growth performance, body composition, bone microstructure, and expression of key bone marrow osteogenic and adipogenic genes were evaluated. One-way ANOVA was performed, and means were compared by student’s t-test. Maternal use of FO in breeder hen diet increased bone mineral content (p < 0.01), bone tissue volume (p < 0.05), and bone surface area (p < 0.05), but decreased total porosity volume (p < 0.01) during the embryonic development period. The FO group showed higher body weight gain and feed intake at the finisher stage than the SO group. Body composition analyses by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry showed that the FO group had higher fat percentage and higher fat mass at day 1, but higher lean mass and total body mass at market age. The decreased expression of key adipogenic genes in the FO group suggested that prenatal FO supplementation in breeder hen diet suppressed adipogenesis in offspring bone marrow. Furthermore, no major differences were observed in expression of osteogenesis marker genes, microstructure change in trabecular bone, or bone mineral density. However, a significant higher close pores/open pores ratio suggested an improvement on bone health of the FO group. Thus, this study indicates that maternal fish oil diet rich in n-3 PUFA could have a favorable impact on fat mass and skeletal integrity in broiler offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuguo H. Tompkins
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Chongxiao Chen
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Kelly M. Sweeney
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Minjeong Kim
- Department of Animal Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Brynn H. Voy
- Department of Animal Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Jeanna L. Wilson
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Woo Kyun Kim
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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22
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Stonehouse W, Benassi-Evans B, Bednarz J, Vincent AD, Hall S, Hill CL. Krill oil improved osteoarthritic knee pain in adults with mild to moderate knee osteoarthritis: a 6-month multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Am J Clin Nutr 2022; 116:672-685. [PMID: 35880828 PMCID: PMC9437987 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqac125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteoarthritis (OA) is a major cause of chronic pain and disability worldwide. Treatment generally focuses on symptom relief through nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and analgesics, which may incur side effects. Krill oil, rich in anti-inflammatory long-chain (LC) omega-3 ( ω-3) PUFAs and astaxanthin, may be a safe and effective alternative treatment. OBJECTIVES This study sought to investigate the effects of a commercially available krill oil supplement on knee pain in adults with mild to moderate knee OA. Secondary outcomes were knee stiffness; physical function; NSAID use; Omega-3 Index; and lipid, inflammatory, and safety markers. METHODS Healthy adults (n = 235, 40-65 y old, BMI >18.5 to <35 kg/m2), clinically diagnosed with mild to moderate knee OA, regular knee pain, and consuming <0.5 g/d LC ω-3 PUFAs, participated in a 6-mo double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, multicenter trial. Participants consumed either 4 g krill oil/d (0.60 g EPA/d, 0.28 g DHA/d, 0.45 g astaxanthin/d) or placebo (mixed vegetable oil). Knee outcomes were assessed using the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) numeric scale (normalized to scores of 0-100). Outcomes were assessed at baseline, 3 mo, and 6 mo. RESULTS Omega-3 Index increased with the krill oil supplement compared with placebo (from 6.0% to 8.9% compared with from 5.5% to 5.4%, P < 0.001). Knee pain score improved in both groups with greater improvements for krill oil than for placebo (difference in adjusted mean change between groups at 6 mo: -5.18; 95% CI: -10.0, -0.32; P = 0.04). Knee stiffness and physical function also had greater improvements with krill oil than with placebo (difference in adjusted mean change between groups at 6 mo: -6.45; 95% CI: -12.1, -0.9 and -4.67; 95% CI: -9.26, -0.05, respectively; P < 0.05). NSAID use, serum lipids, and inflammatory and safety markers did not differ between groups. CONCLUSIONS Krill oil was safe to consume and resulted in modest improvements in knee pain, stiffness, and physical function in adults with mild to moderate knee OA.This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03483090.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bianca Benassi-Evans
- Health and Biosecurity, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Jana Bednarz
- Adelaide Health Technology Assessment, School of Public Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Andrew D Vincent
- Freemasons Centre for Male Health & Wellbeing, School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Stephen Hall
- Emeritus Research Pty Ltd, Camberwell, Victoria, Australia,Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Catherine L Hill
- Rheumatology Unit, The Queen Elizabeth and Royal Adelaide Hospitals, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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Jiang X, Yang Z, Wang S, Deng S. “Big Data” Approaches for Prevention of the Metabolic Syndrome. Front Genet 2022; 13:810152. [PMID: 35571045 PMCID: PMC9095427 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.810152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is characterized by the concurrence of multiple metabolic disorders resulting in the increased risk of a variety of diseases related to disrupted metabolism homeostasis. The prevalence of MetS has reached a pandemic level worldwide. In recent years, extensive amount of data have been generated throughout the research targeted or related to the condition with techniques including high-throughput screening and artificial intelligence, and with these “big data”, the prevention of MetS could be pushed to an earlier stage with different data source, data mining tools and analytic tools at different levels. In this review we briefly summarize the recent advances in the study of “big data” applications in the three-level disease prevention for MetS, and illustrate how these technologies could contribute tobetter preventive strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinping Jiang
- Department of United Ultrasound, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zhang Yang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Shuai Wang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Shuanglin Deng
- Department of Oncological Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- *Correspondence: Shuanglin Deng,
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Chen J, Jayachandran M, Bai W, Xu B. A critical review on the health benefits of fish consumption and its bioactive constituents. Food Chem 2022; 369:130874. [PMID: 34455321 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.130874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
As one of food sources, fish provides sufficient nutrition to human. Diverse nutrients in fish make fish an important nutrient source available easily across the globe. Fish is proven to possess several health benefits, such as anti-oxidation, anti-inflammation, wound healing, neuroprotection, cardioprotection, and hepatoprotection properties. Fish proteins, such as immunoglobins, act as defense agents against viral and bacterial infections and prevent protein-calorie malnutrition. Besides, fish oil constituents, such as polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), regulate various signaling pathways, such as nuclear factor kappa B pathway, Toll-like receptor pathway, transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) pathway, and peroxisome proliferators activated receptor (PPAR) pathways. In this review, the literature about health benefits of fish consumption are accumulated from PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, and the mechanistic action of health benefits are summarized. Fish consumption at least twice per week as part of a healthy diet is beneficial for a healthy heart. More advances in this field could pose fish as a major nutrients source of foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiali Chen
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Guangdong Engineering Technology Center of Food Safety Molecular Rapid Detection, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Muthukumaran Jayachandran
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Weibin Bai
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Guangdong Engineering Technology Center of Food Safety Molecular Rapid Detection, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Baojun Xu
- Programme of Food Science and Technology, BNU-HKBU United International College, Zhuhai, China.
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Mendes Furtado M, Lima Rocha JÉ, da Silva Mendes AV, Mello Neto RS, Brito AKDS, Sena de Almeida JOC, Rodrigues Queiroz EI, de Sousa França JV, Cunha Sales ALDC, Gomes Vasconcelos A, Felix Cabral W, de Oliveira Lopes L, Souza do Carmo I, Souza Kückelhaus SA, de Souza de Almeida Leite JR, Nunes AMV, Rizzo MDS, Citó AMDGL, Fortes Lustosa AKM, Lucarini M, Durazzo A, Martins MDCDCE, Arcanjo DDR. Effects of ω-3 PUFA-Rich Oil Supplementation on Cardiovascular Morphology and Aortic Vascular Reactivity of Adult Male Rats Submitted to an Hypercholesterolemic Diet. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11020202. [PMID: 35205069 PMCID: PMC8869584 DOI: 10.3390/biology11020202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Simple Summary Currently, processed and ultraprocessed foods represent a significant component of the diet of modern societies, increasing the risk of developing obesity, diabetes and atherosclerosis. Therefore, replacing saturated fats with mono- and polyunsaturated fats, such as omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3 PUFAs), has been considered as a dietary strategy to reduce clinical events related to atherosclerosis. In the present study, the effects of 56-day ω-3 PUFA-rich oil supplementation on liver function, lipid profile, and oxidative stress in hypercholesterolemic rats were investigated, as well as its impact on cardiovascular health. Interestingly, we observed a positive effect in reducing hepatic markers, preserving cardiovascular morphology, and increasing vasodilator responsiveness. These findings contribute to the generation of consistent recommendations for the therapeutic use of ω-3 PUFAs in the treatment of atherosclerosis, leading to a consequent reduction in related morbidity and mortality. Abstract Atherosclerosis is a cardiovascular disease associated with abnormalities of vascular functions. The consumption of mono- and polyunsaturated fatty acids can be considered a strategy to reduce clinical events related to atherosclerosis. In the present study, we investigated the effects of supplementation with 310 mg of ω-3 PUFAs (2:1 eicosapentaenoic/docosahexaenoic acids) for 56 days on rats with hypercholesterolemia induced by a diet containing cholesterol (0.1%), cholic acid (0.5%), and egg yolk. Serum biochemical parameters were determined by the enzymatic colorimetric method. Assessment of vascular effects was performed by analysis of histological sections of the heart and aortic arch stained with hematoxylin and eosin and vascular reactivity of the aorta artery. We observed that treatment with ω-3 PUFAs did not promote alterations in lipid profile. On the other hand, we documented a favorable reduction in liver biomarkers, as well as contributions to the preservation of heart and aortic arch morphologies. Interestingly, the vascular reactivity of rat thoracic aortic preparations was improved after treatment with ω-3 PUFAs, with a decrease in hyperreactivity to phenylephrine and increased vasorelaxation promoted by acetylcholine. Our findings suggest that the supplementation of hypercholesterolemic rats with ω-3 PUFAs promoted improvement in liver and vascular endothelial function as well as preserving heart and aortic tissue, reinforcing the early health benefits of ω-3 PUFAs in the development of atherosclerotic plaque and further related events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariely Mendes Furtado
- Department of Biophysics and Physiology, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina 64049-550, PI, Brazil
| | - Joana Érica Lima Rocha
- Department of Biophysics and Physiology, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina 64049-550, PI, Brazil
| | | | - Renato Sampaio Mello Neto
- Department of Biophysics and Physiology, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina 64049-550, PI, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Ana Lina de Carvalho Cunha Sales
- Department of Biophysics and Physiology, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina 64049-550, PI, Brazil
- University Hospital, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina 64049-550, PI, Brazil
| | - Andreanne Gomes Vasconcelos
- Research Center in Morphology and Applied Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Brasília, Brasília 70910-900, DF, Brazil
| | - Wanessa Felix Cabral
- Research Center in Morphology and Applied Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Brasília, Brasília 70910-900, DF, Brazil
| | - Luana de Oliveira Lopes
- Research Center in Morphology and Applied Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Brasília, Brasília 70910-900, DF, Brazil
| | | | - Selma Aparecida Souza Kückelhaus
- Research Center in Morphology and Applied Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Brasília, Brasília 70910-900, DF, Brazil
| | | | - Adriana Maria Viana Nunes
- Department of Biophysics and Physiology, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina 64049-550, PI, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Massimo Lucarini
- CREA-Research Centre for Food and Nutrition, Via Ardeatina 546, 00178 Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Durazzo
- CREA-Research Centre for Food and Nutrition, Via Ardeatina 546, 00178 Rome, Italy
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26
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Nutraceuticals in Paediatric Patients with Dyslipidaemia. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14030569. [PMID: 35276928 PMCID: PMC8840379 DOI: 10.3390/nu14030569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronary heart disease (CHD) is the main cause of death and morbidity in the world. Childhood is a critical period during which atherosclerosis may begin to develop; in the presence of familial hypercholesterolaemia (FH), the lifelong elevation of LDL cholesterol levels greatly accelerates atherosclerosis. Lowering LDL-C levels is associated with a well-documented reduction in cardiovascular disease risk. Current guidelines support the dietary and lifestyle approach as the primary strategy of intervention in children and adolescents with FH. Nutraceuticals (functional foods or dietary supplements of plant or microbial origin) are included in the EU guidelines as lifestyle interventions and may provide an additional contribution in reducing LDL levels when pharmacological therapy is not yet indicated. Meta-analyses of randomised clinical trials have demonstrated that the same nutraceuticals improve lipid profile, including lowering LDL-C, total cholesterol and triglyceride levels. In this narrative review, starting from current scientific evidence, we analyse the benefits and limitations of the nutraceuticals in children and adolescents with dyslipidaemia, and we try to evaluate their use and safety in clinical practice.
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Tanisawa K, Ito T, Kawakami R, Usui C, Kawamura T, Suzuki K, Sakamoto S, Ishii K, Muraoka I, Oka K, Higuchi M. Association Between Dietary Patterns and Different Metabolic Phenotypes in Japanese Adults: WASEDA'S Health Study. Front Nutr 2022; 9:779967. [PMID: 35155537 PMCID: PMC8829333 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.779967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Although many studies have reported that a posteriori dietary pattern is associated with metabolic health, there is little evidence of an association between dietary patterns and different metabolic phenotypes. The present study aimed to examine the association between major dietary patterns and different metabolic phenotypes (metabolically healthy non-obese [MHNO], metabolically unhealthy non-obese [MUNO], metabolically healthy obese [MHO], and metabolically unhealthy obese [MUO]) in middle-aged and elderly Japanese adults. This cross-sectional study enrolled 2,170 Japanese adults aged ≥40 years. The four different metabolic phenotypes were determined based on the presence of obesity, abdominal obesity, hypertension, hyperglycemia, and dyslipidemia. The major dietary patterns were determined using principal component analysis based on energy-adjusted food intake. Two dietary patterns were identified: the healthy dietary pattern, which was characterized by a high intake of vegetables, fruits, potatoes, soy products, mushrooms, seaweeds, and fish; and the alcohol dietary pattern, which was characterized by a high intake of alcoholic beverages, liver, chicken, and fish. The healthy dietary pattern was associated with the MHNO and MHO phenotypes (MUNO and MUO as reference groups, respectively), and the multivariate-adjusted odds ratios (ORs) (95% confidence intervals [CIs]) in the highest quartile of healthy dietary pattern score with the lowest quartile as the reference category were 2.10 (1.40–3.15) and 1.86 (1.06–3.25), respectively. Conversely, the alcohol dietary pattern was inversely associated with the MHNO and MHO phenotypes, while the multivariate-adjusted ORs (95% CIs) in the highest quartile of the alcohol dietary pattern score with the lowest quartile as the reference category were 0.63 (0.42–0.94) and 0.45 (0.26–0.76), respectively. There were no significant interactions between sex and healthy/alcohol dietary patterns in the prevalence of the MHNO and MHO phenotypes. In conclusion, the present study's findings suggest that major dietary patterns are associated with different metabolic phenotypes in middle-aged and elderly Japanese adults. These findings provide useful evidence for maintaining metabolic health through diet regardless of obesity status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumpei Tanisawa
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Tokorozawa, Japan
- *Correspondence: Kumpei Tanisawa
| | - Tomoko Ito
- Waseda Institute for Sport Sciences, Tokorozawa, Japan
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Tokyo Kasei University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryoko Kawakami
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Tokorozawa, Japan
| | - Chiyoko Usui
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Tokorozawa, Japan
| | - Takuji Kawamura
- Waseda Institute for Sport Sciences, Tokorozawa, Japan
- Research Center for Molecular Exercise Science, University of Physical Education, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - Shizuo Sakamoto
- Faculty of Sport Science, Surugadai University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Kaori Ishii
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Tokorozawa, Japan
| | - Isao Muraoka
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Tokorozawa, Japan
| | - Koichiro Oka
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Tokorozawa, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Higuchi
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Tokorozawa, Japan
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Storage stability and in-vitro release behavior of microcapsules incorporating fish oil by spray drying. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2021.127234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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29
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Hosomi R, Matsudo A, Sugimoto K, Shimono T, Kanda S, Nishiyama T, Yoshida M, Fukunaga K. Dietary Eicosapentaenoic Acid and Docosahexaenoic Acid Ethyl Esters Influence the Gut Microbiota and Bacterial Metabolites in Rats. J Oleo Sci 2021; 70:1469-1480. [PMID: 34497184 DOI: 10.5650/jos.ess21189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary fish oil containing eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) has been reported to affect the diversity and composition of gut microbiota and bacterial metabolites. However, few reports have focused on the effects of EPA and DHA on gut microbiota diversity and bacterial metabolites. This study evaluated the effects of dietary EPA-ethyl ester (EE) and DHA-EE on steroid metabolism, gut microbiota, and bacterial metabolites in Wistar rats. Male rats were fed the experimental diets containing 5% (w/w) soybean oil-EE (SOY diet), EPA-EE (EPA diet), and DHA-EE (DHA diet) for four weeks. The lipid contents in the serum and liver, mRNA expression levels in the liver, and the diversity, composition, and metabolites of the gut microbiota were evaluated. The EPA and DHA diets decreased serum and liver cholesterol contents compared to the SOY diet. In addition, there were no significant changes in gene expression levels related to steroid metabolism in the liver between the EPA and DHA groups. Rats fed the DHA diet had lower microbiota diversity indices, such as Simpson and Shannon indices, than rats fed the SOY and EPA diets. In addition, rats fed EPA and DHA had significant differences in the relative abundance of microbiota at the genus level, such as Phascolarctobacterium, Turicibacter, and [Eubacterium]. Therefore, it was concluded that EPA and DHA have different effects on the diversity and composition of gut microbiota under the experimental conditions employed herein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryota Hosomi
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, Kansai University
| | - Anna Matsudo
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, Kansai University
| | - Koki Sugimoto
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, Kansai University
| | - Takaki Shimono
- Department of Hygiene and Public Health, Kansai Medical University
| | - Seiji Kanda
- Department of Hygiene and Public Health, Kansai Medical University
| | | | | | - Kenji Fukunaga
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, Kansai University
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Herrera Vielma F, Valenzuela R, Videla LA, Zúñiga-Hernández J. N-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Their Lipid Mediators as A Potential Immune-Nutritional Intervention: A Molecular and Clinical View in Hepatic Disease and Other Non-Communicable Illnesses. Nutrients 2021; 13:3384. [PMID: 34684386 PMCID: PMC8539469 DOI: 10.3390/nu13103384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2021] [Revised: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the beneficial effect of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) intake on human health has been widely accepted in the field of immunonutrition. Today, we find a diversity of supplements based on n-3 PUFAs and/or minerals, vitamins and other substances. The main objective of this review is to discuss the importance of n-3 PUFAs and their derivatives on immunity and inflammatory status related to liver disease and other non-communicable illnesses. Based on the burden of liver diseases in 2019, more than two million people die from liver pathologies per year worldwide, because it is the organ most exposed to agents such as viruses, toxins and medications. Consequently, research conducted on n-3 PUFAs for liver disease has been gaining prominence with encouraging results, given that these fatty acids have anti-inflammatory and cytoprotective effects. In addition, it has been described that n-3 PUFAs are converted into a novel species of lipid intermediaries, specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs). At specific levels, SPMs improve the termination of inflammation as well as the repairing and regeneration of tissues, but they are deregulated in liver disease. Since evidence is still insufficient to carry out pharmacological trials to benefit the resolution of acute inflammation in non-communicable diseases, there remains a call for continuing preclinical and clinical research to better understand SPM actions and outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisca Herrera Vielma
- Department of Biomedical Basic Sciences, School of Health Sciences, University of Talca, Talca 3460000, Chile;
| | - Rodrigo Valenzuela
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 8380000, Chile;
| | - Luis A. Videla
- Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Program, Institute of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 8380000, Chile;
| | - Jessica Zúñiga-Hernández
- Department of Biomedical Basic Sciences, School of Health Sciences, University of Talca, Talca 3460000, Chile;
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Cicero AFG, Fogacci F, Stoian AP, Vrablik M, Al Rasadi K, Banach M, Toth PP, Rizzo M. Nutraceuticals in the Management of Dyslipidemia: Which, When, and for Whom? Could Nutraceuticals Help Low-Risk Individuals with Non-optimal Lipid Levels? Curr Atheroscler Rep 2021; 23:57. [PMID: 34345932 PMCID: PMC8332568 DOI: 10.1007/s11883-021-00955-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Purpose of Review The aim of this review is to summarize the available clinical efficacy and safety data related to the most studied and used lipid-lowering nutraceuticals. Recent Findings A growing number of meta-analyses of randomized clinical trials supports the effectiveness and tolerability of some lipid-lowering nutraceuticals such as red yeast rice, plant sterols and stanols, soluble fibers, berberine, artichoke extracts, bergamot polyphenol fraction, garlic, green tea, and spiruline. No significant safety concern has been raised for the use of such products. Association of more lipid-lowering nutraceuticals and of some nutraceuticals with lipid-lowering drugs has been tested as well. Summary Current evidence suggests that some clinically tested lipid-lowering nutraceuticals could be safely used to improve plasma lipid levels in subjects affected by mild-to-moderate dyslipidaemia with low cardiovascular risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arrigo F G Cicero
- Department of Medicine and Surgery Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy. .,Italian Society of Nutraceuticals (SINut), Bologna, Italy. .,IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Di Bologna, Bologna, Italy. .,Atherosclerosis Research Center, University of Bologna, Via Albertoni, 15, 40138, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Federica Fogacci
- Department of Medicine and Surgery Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,Italian Society of Nutraceuticals (SINut), Bologna, Italy.,IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Anca Pantea Stoian
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Michal Vrablik
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, General University Hospital and First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | | | - Maciej Banach
- Department of Hypertension, Chair of Nephrology and Hypertension, Medical University of Lodz, Łódź, Poland
| | - Peter P Toth
- CGH Medical Center, Sterling, IL, USA.,Cicarrone Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Manfredi Rizzo
- Italian Society of Nutraceuticals (SINut), Bologna, Italy.,Faculty of Medicine, Department of Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania.,Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (Promise), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
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Chou CL, Chen JS, Kang YN, Chen YJ, Fang TC. Association of polyunsaturated fatty acids with improved heart rate variability and cardiovascular events in patients with end-stage renal disease receiving maintenance dialysis: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Food Funct 2021; 12:8090-8099. [PMID: 34286806 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo00510c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Apart from dietary restriction and medical therapy, the benefits of cardiovascular protection offered by polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) supplements in patients with ESRD receiving maintenance dialysis remain unclear. This systematic review and meta-analysis examined the effects of PUFAs on blood pressure, heart rate (HR), HR variability (HRV), and cardiovascular disease (CVD) prognosis. METHODS We identified randomized controlled trials (RCTs) from Embase, PubMed (including MEDLINE), and Web of Science. We included seven RCTs that involved 724 patients with ESRD receiving dialysis and PUFA supplements. RESULTS The data indicated that compared with the control group, the PUFA group demonstrated decreased cardiovascular events (Peto odds ratio = 0.52, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.32 to 0.85, P = 0.009) and HRV (changes in the mean HR [mean difference = -2.59, 95% CI = -4.91 to -0.26, P = 0.03, I2 = 0%]; mean RR interval [MD = 29.03, 95% CI = 5.43 to 52.63, P = 0.02, I2 = 0%]; mean of the standard deviation of all normal RR intervals for all 5 min segments [MD = 2.73, 95% CI = 0.48 to 4.99, P = 0.02, I2 = 0%], and square root of the mean of the sum of the squares of differences between adjacent intervals [MD = 2.03, 95% CI = 0.04 to 4.03, P = 0.05, I2 = 0%]). CONCLUSION PUFA supplements appeared to improve CVD prognosis in patients receiving dialysis. Additional RCTs with longer follow-up periods need to clarify the benefits of PUFA supplements in this patient population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chu-Lin Chou
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Mehta S, Ruth Dugas L, Choo-Kang C, Bovet P, Forrester T, Bedu-Addo K, Lambert EV, Plange-Rhule J, Riesen W, Korte W, Luke A. Consumption of Monounsaturated Fatty Acids Is Associated with Improved Cardiometabolic Outcomes in Four African-Origin Populations Spanning the Epidemiologic Transition. Nutrients 2021; 13:2442. [PMID: 34371950 PMCID: PMC8308507 DOI: 10.3390/nu13072442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Long-chain omega-3 PUFAs, specifically eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), are of increasing interest because of their favorable effect on cardiometabolic risk. This study explores the association between omega 6 and 3 fatty acids intake and cardiometabolic risk in four African-origin populations spanning the epidemiological transition. Data are obtained from a cohort of 2500 adults aged 25-45 enrolled in the Modeling the Epidemiologic Transition Study (METS), from the US, Ghana, Jamaica, and the Seychelles. Dietary intake was measured using two 24 h recalls from the Nutrient Data System for Research (NDSR). The prevalence of cardiometabolic risk was analyzed by comparing the lowest and highest quartile of omega-3 (EPA+ DHA) consumption and by comparing participants who consumed a ratio of arachidonic acid (AA)/EPA + DHA ≤4:1 and >4:1. Data were analyzed using multiple variable logistic regression adjusted for age, gender, activity, calorie intake, alcohol intake, and smoking status. The lowest quartile of EPA + DHA intake is associated with cardiometabolic risk 2.16 (1.45, 3.2), inflammation 1.59 (1.17, 2.16), and obesity 2.06 (1.50, 2.82). Additionally, consuming an AA/EPA + DHA ratio of >4:1 is also associated with cardiometabolic risk 1.80 (1.24, 2.60), inflammation 1.47 (1.06, 2.03), and obesity 1.72 (1.25, 2.39). Our findings corroborate previous research supporting a beneficial role for monounsaturated fatty acids in reducing cardiometabolic risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supal Mehta
- Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL 60153, USA;
| | - Lara Ruth Dugas
- Public Health Sciences, Parkinson School of Health Sciences and Public Health, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL 60153, USA; (C.C.-K.); (A.L.)
| | - Candice Choo-Kang
- Public Health Sciences, Parkinson School of Health Sciences and Public Health, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL 60153, USA; (C.C.-K.); (A.L.)
| | - Pascal Bovet
- University Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), 1010 Lausanne, Switzerland;
- Unit for Prevention and Control of Cardiovascular Diseases, Ministry of Health, Victoria P.O. Box 52, Seychelles
| | - Terrence Forrester
- Solutions for Developing Countries, University of the West Indies, Mona, Kingston 7, Jamaica;
| | - Kweku Bedu-Addo
- Department of Physiology, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana; (K.B.-A.); (J.P.-R.)
| | - Estelle Vicki Lambert
- Research Centre for Health through Physical Activity, Lifestyle and Sport, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7700, South Africa;
| | - Jacob Plange-Rhule
- Department of Physiology, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana; (K.B.-A.); (J.P.-R.)
| | - Walter Riesen
- Center for Laboratory Medicine St. Gallen, 9000 St. Gallen, Switzerland; (W.R.); (W.K.)
| | - Wolfgang Korte
- Center for Laboratory Medicine St. Gallen, 9000 St. Gallen, Switzerland; (W.R.); (W.K.)
| | - Amy Luke
- Public Health Sciences, Parkinson School of Health Sciences and Public Health, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL 60153, USA; (C.C.-K.); (A.L.)
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Derosa G, Colletti A, Maffioli P, D'Angelo A, Lupi A, Zito GB, Mureddu GF, Raddino R, Fedele F, Cicero AFG. Lipid-lowering nutraceuticals update on scientific evidence. J Cardiovasc Med (Hagerstown) 2021; 21:845-859. [PMID: 32639326 DOI: 10.2459/jcm.0000000000000970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
: Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the main cause of mortality worldwide. Risk factors of CVD can be classified into modifiable (smoking, hypertension, diabetes, hypercholesterolemia) through lifestyle changes or taking drug therapy and not modifiable (age, ethnicity, sex and family history). Elevated total cholesterol (TC) and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) levels have a lead role in the development of coronary heart disease (CHD), while high levels of high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) seem to have a protective role.The current treatment for dyslipidemia consists of lifestyle modification or drug therapy even if not pharmacological treatment should be always considered in addition to lipid-lowering medications.The use of lipid-lowering nutraceuticals alone or in association with drug therapy may be considered when the atherogenic cholesterol goal was not achieved.These substances can be classified according to their mechanisms of action into natural inhibitors of intestinal cholesterol absorption, inhibitors of hepatic cholesterol synthesis and enhancers of the excretion of LDL-C. Nevertheless, many of them are characterized by mixed or unclear mechanisms of action.The use of these nutraceuticals is suggested in individuals with borderline lipid profile levels or with drug intolerance, but cannot replace standard lipid-lowering treatment in patients at high, or very high CVD risk.Nutraceuticals can also have vascular effects, including improvement in endothelial dysfunction and arterial stiffness, as well as antioxidative properties. Moreover, epidemiological and clinical studies reported that in patients intolerant of statins, many nutraceuticals with demonstrated hypolipidemic effect are well tolerated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Derosa
- Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pavia, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, PAVIA; SINut (Italian Society of Nutraceuticals)
| | - Alessandro Colletti
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, BOLOGNA; SINut (Italian Society of Nutraceuticals)
| | - Pamela Maffioli
- Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pavia, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, PAVIA; SINut (Italian Society of Nutraceuticals)
| | - Angela D'Angelo
- Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pavia, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, PAVIA; SINut (Italian Society of Nutraceuticals)
| | - Alessandro Lupi
- Cardiology Unit, Ospedali Riuniti di Domodossola e Verbania, OMEGNA; CFC (Federative College of Cardiology)
| | - Giovanni B Zito
- ASL Naples 3 SOUTH, NAPLES; ARCA (Regional Association of Ambulatorial Cardiologists)
| | - Gian Francesco Mureddu
- Cardiology Unit - San Giovanni Addolorata Hospital, ROME; AICPR (Italian Association of Clinical, Preventive and Rehabilitative Cardiology)
| | - Riccardo Raddino
- Cardiology Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health University, Cardiothoracic Department, Spedali Civili of Brescia, BRESCIA; SIRC (Italian Society of Cardiovascular Research)
| | - Francesco Fedele
- Department of Cardiovascular, Respiratory, Anesthesiology, Nephrology and Geriatric Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, ROME; INCRC (Cardiovascular Research Consortium)
| | - Arrigo F G Cicero
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, BOLOGNA; SINut (Italian Society of Nutraceuticals)
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Gonçalinho GHF, Sampaio GR, Soares-Freitas RAM, Damasceno NRT. Omega-3 Fatty Acids in Erythrocyte Membranes as Predictors of Lower Cardiovascular Risk in Adults without Previous Cardiovascular Events. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13061919. [PMID: 34204898 PMCID: PMC8227633 DOI: 10.3390/nu13061919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: This study investigated the association of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) within erythrocyte membranes and cardiovascular risk assessed by three different estimates. Methods: Inclusion criteria were individuals of both sexes, 30 to 74 years, with at least one cardiovascular risk factor, and no previous cardiovascular events (n = 356). Exclusion criteria were individuals with acute or chronic severe diseases, infectious diseases, pregnant, and/or lactating women. Plasma biomarkers (lipids, glucose, and C-reactive protein) were analyzed, and nineteen erythrocyte membrane fatty acids (FA) were identified. The cardiovascular risk was estimated by Framingham (FRS), Reynolds (RRS), and ACC/AHA-2013 Risk Scores. Three patterns of FA were identified (Factor 1, poor in n-3 PUFA), (Factor 2, poor in PUFA), and (Factor 3, rich in n-3 PUFA). Results: Total cholesterol was inversely correlated with erythrocyte membranes C18:3 n-3 (r = −0.155; p = 0.004), C22:6 n-3 (r = −0.112; p = 0.041), and total n-3 (r = −0.211; p < 0.001). Total n-3 PUFA was associated with lower cardiovascular risk by FRS (OR = 0.811; 95% CI= 0.675–0.976). Regarding RRS, Factor 3 was associated with 25.3% lower odds to have moderate and high cardiovascular risk (OR = 0.747; 95% CI = 0.589–0.948). The ACC/AHA-2013 risk score was not associated with isolated and pooled FA. Conclusions:n-3 PUFA in erythrocyte membranes are independent predictors of low-risk classification estimated by FRS and RRS, which could be explained by cholesterol-lowering effects of n-3 PUFA.
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Fazelian S, Moradi F, Agah S, Hoseini A, Heydari H, Morvaridzadeh M, Omidi A, Pizarro AB, Ghafouri A, Heshmati J. Effect of omega-3 fatty acids supplementation on cardio-metabolic and oxidative stress parameters in patients with chronic kidney disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Nephrol 2021; 22:160. [PMID: 33933009 PMCID: PMC8088683 DOI: 10.1186/s12882-021-02351-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Omega-3 fatty acids (FAs) have been suggested as a beneficial supplement in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients, but the results of randomized clinical trials (RCTs) are controversial. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate all the RCTs about the impact of omega-3 FAs supplementation on cardiometabolic outcomes and oxidative stress parameters in patients with CKD. Methods We performed a systematic database search in PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane Central, up to May 2020. We included all placebo-controlled randomized trials that assessed the effect of omega-3 FAs supplementation on any cardiometabolic outcomes: blood pressure, total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) or triglycerides (TG) and oxidative stress parameters. Data were pooled using DerSimonian–Laird’s random-effects model. Results Finally, thirteen articles met the inclusion criteria for this review omega-3 FAs supplementation significantly decrease TC (SMD: -0.26; 95% CI: − 0.51, − 0.02; I2 = 52.7%), TG (SMD: -0.22; 95% CI: − 0.43, − 0.02; I2 = 36.0%) and Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels (SMD: -0.91; 95% CI: − 1.29, − 0.54; I2 = 00.0%) and also significantly increase superoxide dismutase (SOD) (SMD: 0.58; 95% CI: 0.27, 0.90; I2 = 00.0%) and Glutathione peroxidase (GPx) (SMD: 0.50; 95% CI: 0.14, 0.86; I2 = 00.0%) activities. However our results show that omega-3 FAs supplementation have no significant effects on HDL, LDL and blood pressure. Conclusion This systematic review and meta-analysis supports current evidence for the clinical benefit of omega-3 FAs intake to improve cardiometabolic parameters in CKD patients. However, well-designed RCTs still needed to provide a conclusive picture in this field. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12882-021-02351-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siavash Fazelian
- Clinical Research Development Unit, Ayatollah Kashani Hospital, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Moradi
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Shahram Agah
- Colorectal Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Akramsadat Hoseini
- Department of Education and Health Promotion,School of Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hafez Heydari
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
| | - Mojgan Morvaridzadeh
- Department of Nutritional Science, School of Nutritional Science and Food Technology, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Farabi Hospital, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Postal Code: 6715847141, Isar Square, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Amirhosein Omidi
- Department of Nutritional Science, School of Nutritional Science and Food Technology, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Farabi Hospital, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Postal Code: 6715847141, Isar Square, Kermanshah, Iran
| | | | - Atie Ghafouri
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Javad Heshmati
- Department of Nutritional Science, School of Nutritional Science and Food Technology, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Farabi Hospital, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Postal Code: 6715847141, Isar Square, Kermanshah, Iran.
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Pearson GJ, Thanassoulis G, Anderson TJ, Barry AR, Couture P, Dayan N, Francis GA, Genest J, Grégoire J, Grover SA, Gupta M, Hegele RA, Lau D, Leiter LA, Leung AA, Lonn E, Mancini GBJ, Manjoo P, McPherson R, Ngui D, Piché ME, Poirier P, Sievenpiper J, Stone J, Ward R, Wray W. 2021 Canadian Cardiovascular Society Guidelines for the Management of Dyslipidemia for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease in Adults. Can J Cardiol 2021; 37:1129-1150. [PMID: 33781847 DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2021.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 383] [Impact Index Per Article: 127.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The 2021 guidelines primary panel selected clinically relevant questions and produced updated recommendations, on the basis of important new findings that have emerged since the 2016 guidelines. In patients with clinical atherosclerosis, abdominal aortic aneurysm, most patients with diabetes or chronic kidney disease, and those with low-density lipoprotein cholesterol ≥ 5 mmol/L, statin therapy continues to be recommended. We have introduced the concept of lipid/lipoprotein treatment thresholds for intensifying lipid-lowering therapy with nonstatin agents, and have identified the secondary prevention patients who have been shown to derive the largest benefit from intensification of therapy with these agents. For all other patients, we emphasize risk assessment linked to lipid/lipoprotein evaluation to optimize clinical decision-making. Lipoprotein(a) measurement is now recommended once in a patient's lifetime, as part of initial lipid screening to assess cardiovascular risk. For any patient with triglycerides ˃ 1.5 mmol/L, either non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol or apolipoprotein B are the preferred lipid parameter for screening, rather than low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. We provide updated recommendations regarding the role of coronary artery calcium scoring as a clinical decision tool to aid the decision to initiate statin therapy. There are new recommendations on the preventative care of women with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. Health behaviour modification, including regular exercise and a heart-healthy diet, remain the cornerstone of cardiovascular disease prevention. These guidelines are intended to provide a platform for meaningful conversation and shared-decision making between patient and care provider, so that individual decisions can be made for risk screening, assessment, and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glen J Pearson
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
| | - George Thanassoulis
- McGill University Health Center, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Todd J Anderson
- Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Libin Cardiovascular Institute, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Arden R Barry
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Patrick Couture
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada
| | | | - Gordon A Francis
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, Providence Health Care Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Jacques Genest
- McGill University Health Center, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Jean Grégoire
- Institut de Cardiologie de Montréal, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | | | - Milan Gupta
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, and Canadian Collaborative Research Network, Brampton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Robert A Hegele
- Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - David Lau
- Department of Medicine, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Lawrence A Leiter
- Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alexander A Leung
- Departments of Medicine and Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Eva Lonn
- Department of Medicine and Population Health Research Institute, McMaster University and Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - G B John Mancini
- University of British Columbia; Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Priya Manjoo
- University of British Columbia, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Ruth McPherson
- University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Daniel Ngui
- University of British Columbia, St Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Marie-Eve Piché
- Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec-Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Paul Poirier
- Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec-Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - John Sievenpiper
- Department of Medicine and Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St Michael's Hospital and Departments of Nutritional Sciences and Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - James Stone
- University of Calgary, Libin Cardiovascular Institute, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Rick Ward
- Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Wendy Wray
- McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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Francis M, Li C, Sun Y, Zhou J, Li X, Brenna JT, Ye K. Genome-wide association study of fish oil supplementation on lipid traits in 81,246 individuals reveals new gene-diet interaction loci. PLoS Genet 2021; 17:e1009431. [PMID: 33760818 PMCID: PMC8021161 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1009431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Fish oil supplementation is widely used for reducing serum triglycerides (TAGs) but has mixed effects on other circulating cardiovascular biomarkers. Many genetic polymorphisms have been associated with blood lipids, including high- and low-density-lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C, LDL-C), total cholesterol, and TAGs. Here, the gene-diet interaction effects of fish oil supplementation on these lipids were analyzed in a discovery cohort of up to 73,962 UK Biobank participants, using a 1-degree-of-freedom (1df) test for interaction effects and a 2-degrees-of-freedom (2df) test to jointly analyze interaction and main effects. Associations with P < 1×10-6 in either test (26,157; 18,300 unique variants) were advanced to replication in up to 7,284 participants from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study. Replicated associations reaching 1df P < 0.05 (2,175; 1,763 unique variants) were used in meta-analyses. We found 13 replicated and 159 non-replicated (UK Biobank only) loci with significant 2df joint tests that were predominantly driven by main effects and have been previously reported. Four novel interaction loci were identified with 1df P < 5×10-8 in meta-analysis. The lead variant in the GJB6-GJB2-GJA3 gene cluster, rs112803755 (A>G; minor allele frequency = 0.041), shows exclusively interaction effects. The minor allele is significantly associated with decreased TAGs in individuals with fish oil supplementation, but with increased TAGs in those without supplementation. This locus is significantly associated with higher GJB2 expression of connexin 26 in adipose tissue; connexin activity is known to change upon exposure to omega-3 fatty acids. Significant interaction effects were also found in three other loci in the genes SLC12A3 (HDL-C), ABCA6 (LDL-C), and MLXIPL (LDL-C), but highly significant main effects are also present. Our study identifies novel gene-diet interaction effects for four genetic loci, whose effects on blood lipids are modified by fish oil supplementation. These findings highlight the need and possibility for personalized nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Francis
- Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Changwei Li
- Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Yitang Sun
- Department of Genetics, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Jingqi Zhou
- Department of Genetics, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - J. Thomas Brenna
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, Dell Pediatric Research Institute, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, United States of America
- Departments of Nutrition and Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, United States of America
| | - Kaixiong Ye
- Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
- Department of Genetics, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
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Luvián-Morales J, Varela-Castillo FO, Flores-Cisneros L, Cetina-Pérez L, Castro-Eguiluz D. Functional foods modulating inflammation and metabolism in chronic diseases: a systematic review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 62:4371-4392. [PMID: 33506690 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1875189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Chronic diseases are responsible for approximately 71% global deaths. These are characterized by chronic low-grade inflammation and metabolic alterations. "Functional foods" have been attributed with anti-inflammatory properties, demonstrated in cell lines and murine models; however, studies in humans are inconclusive. The purpose of this systematic review is to identify clinical trials that analyzed changes in inflammatory and metabolic mediators, in response to consumption of specific functional foods. A total of 3581 trials were screened and 88 were included for this review. Foods identified to regulate inflammation included cranberries, grapes, pomegranate, strawberries, wheat, whole grain products, low fat dairy products, yogurt, green tea, cardamom, turmeric, soy foods, almonds, chia seeds, flaxseed, pistachios, algae oil, flaxseed oil and grape seed oil. Clinical trials that focus on a dietary pattern rich in functional foods are necessary to explore if the additive effect of these foods lead to more clinically relevant outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julissa Luvián-Morales
- Department of Clinical Research, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Mexico City, Mexico.,Department of Postgraduate Unit, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Laura Flores-Cisneros
- Department of Clinical Research, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Mexico City, Mexico.,Department of Postgraduate Unit, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Lucely Cetina-Pérez
- Department of Clinical Research, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Denisse Castro-Eguiluz
- Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACyT) - Department of Clinical Research, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Mexico City, Mexico
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AbuMweis S, Abu Omran D, Al-Shami I, Jew S. The ratio of eicosapentaenoic acid to docosahexaenoic acid as a modulator for the cardio-metabolic effects of omega-3 supplements: A meta-regression of randomized clinical trials. Complement Ther Med 2021; 57:102662. [PMID: 33418065 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctim.2021.102662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A large number of studies have demonstrated the effects of omega- 3 supplements containing mixtures of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), known to favorably affect many modifiable risk factors of coronary heart disease (CHD). These studies have used diverse ratios and doses of EPA and DHA. However, it is not known whether the ratio of EPA to DHA in omega-3 supplements affect their efficacy as modulators for cardiovascular risk factors. This meta-regression aimed to investigate the effect of different ratios of EPA to DHA on risk factors associated with CHD including lipid profile, blood pressure, heart rate, and inflammation. METHOD A regression analysis was carried out on 92 clinical trials with acceptable quality (Jadad score ≥ 3) that were previously identified from two databases (PubMed and Cochrane Library). RESULTS Data from studies that met the inclusion criteria for this analysis showed that the ratio of EPA to DHA was not associated with lipid profile, diastolic blood pressure, or heart rate. With all studies, the ratio of EPA to DHA was associated with C-reactive protein (CRP) (β = -1.3121 (95 % CI: -1.6610 to -0.9543), that is, the higher the EPA to DHA ratio, the greater the reduction. Using only studies that supplied EPA and DHA in the range of 2 g-6 g, the ratio of EPA to DHA was also associated with CRP (β = -2.10429 and 95 % CI: -3.89963 to -0.30895); that is, an even more pronounced reduction in CRP with a higher EPA to DHA ratio. Systolic blood pressure was only associated with an increasing EPA to DHA ratio in the 2 g-6 g range (β = 5.47129 and 95 % CI: 0.40677-10.53580), that is, a higher EPA to DHA ratio within this dose range, the greater the increase in SBP. CONCLUSION Current data suggest that the EPA to DHA ratio only correlates to the modulation of CRP by omega-3 supplementation of EPA and DHA, and SBP in studies that supplemented EPA and DHA in the range of 2 g-6 g, shedding light on potential differential effects of EPA vs. DHA on inflammation and systolic blood pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suhad AbuMweis
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, The Hashemite University, P.O. Box 330127, Zarqa, 13133, Jordan; College of Pharmacy, Al Ain University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
| | | | - Islam Al-Shami
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, The Hashemite University, P.O. Box 330127, Zarqa, 13133, Jordan
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Wang DD, Wu F, Zhang LY, Zhao YC, Wang CC, Xue CH, Yanagita T, Zhang TT, Wang YM. Effects of dietary n-3 PUFA levels in early life on susceptibility to high-fat-diet-induced metabolic syndrome in adult mice. J Nutr Biochem 2020; 89:108578. [PMID: 33388352 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2020.108578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
The maternal nutritional status during pregnancy and lactation was closely related to the growth and development of the fetus and infants, which had a profound impact on the health of the offspring. N-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) had been proved to have beneficial effects on glucolipid metabolism. However, the effects of dietary different n-3 PUFA levels for mother during pregnancy and lactation on susceptibility to high-fat-diet-induced metabolic syndrome for offspring in adulthood are still unclear. The maternal mice were fed with control, n-3 PUFA-deficient or fish oil-contained n-3 PUFA-rich diets during pregnancy and lactation, and the weaned offspring were fed with high-fat or low-fat diet for 13 weeks, then were subjected to oral glucose tolerance tests. The results showed that dietary n-3 PUFA-deficiency in early life could aggravate the high-fat-diet-induced glucolipid metabolism disorders, including glucose intolerance, insulin resistance, obesity, and dyslipidemia, thus increased the susceptibility to metabolic syndrome of adult mice. Notably, nutritional supplementation with n-3 PUFA in early life could significantly alleviate the glucose metabolism disorders by increasing insulin sensitivity, inhibiting gluconeogenesis and promoting glycogenesis. In addition, administration with n-3 PUFA in early life remarkably reduced serum and hepatic lipid profiles by mediating the expression of genes related to lipogenesis and β-oxidation of fatty acids. Dietary n-3 PUFA-deficiency in early life increases the susceptibility to metabolic syndrome of adult offspring, and nutritional supplementation with n-3 PUFA enhances the tolerance to a high-fat diet of adult offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan-Dan Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Fang Wu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Ling-Yu Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Ying-Cai Zhao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Cheng-Cheng Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Chang-Hu Xue
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Teruyoshi Yanagita
- Laboratory of Nutrition Biochemistry, Department of Applied Biochemistry and Food Science, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Tian-Tian Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, China.
| | - Yu-Ming Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, Shandong, China.
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Sachinidis AG, Nikolic D, Stoian AP, Toth PP, Rizzo M. Nutraceuticals and Lipid Management. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-56514-5_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Laumann RD, Iversen T, Mogensen PR, Lauritzen L, Mølgaard C, Frandsen TL. Effect of Fish Oil Supplementation on Hyperlipidemia during Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Treatment - A Pilot Study. Nutr Cancer 2020; 73:1816-1820. [PMID: 32791015 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2020.1803934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Hyperlipidemia is common during contemporary treatment of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia and may increase risk of osteonecrosis, thrombosis, and possibly acute pancreatitis. Marine fatty acids found in fish oil decrease levels of triglycerides and possibly total cholesterol in hyperlipidemic patients. This prospective pilot study provided fish oil for 83 days to seven children undergoing acute lymphoblastic leukemia treatment. On average fish oil was consumed 74% of the intervention period. Further, we found significant lower levels of triglycerides (P = 0.016) and total cholesterol (P = 0.027) compared to 22 historical controls, although correction for one extra PEG-asparaginase dose reduced the level of significance. However, the findings indicate that fish oil may alleviate development of hyperlipidemia during acute lymphoblastic leukemia treatment. Randomized controlled trials are warranted to confirm these findings and to investigate the potential effect of fish oil supplements on development of severe adverse events, including osteonecrosis, thrombosis, and acute pancreatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renate D Laumann
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Turid Iversen
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Pernille R Mogensen
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Diabetes and Bone-metabolic Research Unit, University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lotte Lauritzen
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christian Mølgaard
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Pediatric Nutrition Unit, University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas L Frandsen
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Wang S, Dong D, Li P, Hua X, Zheng N, Sun S, Hou S, An Q, Li P, Li Y, Song X, Li X. Mercury concentration and fatty acid composition in muscle tissue of marine fish species harvested from Liaodong Gulf: An intelligence quotient and coronary heart disease risk assessment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 726:138586. [PMID: 32481211 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Marine fish species are an important source of biologically valuable proteins, fats, fat-soluble vitamins, and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, but they are also susceptible to pollutants. Mercury is liable to bioamplify in the aquatic food chain, and the health risks posed by methylmercury (MeHg) could undermine the benefits of eating fish, so risk-benefit assessments are needed for those fish species regularly consumed. The purpose of this study was to analyze the concentrations of mercury and characteristics of fatty acids in marine fish harvested from Liaodong Gulf, China, so as to better understand the risk-benefit effects of marine fish consumption. We found that the ratio of MeHg to total Hg (THg) was normally distributed. The concentrations of THg and MeHg in marine fish muscles (14 species, a total of 239) ranged from 0.920 to 0.288 μg/g and 0.050 to 0.192 μg/g, respectively. There were no significant interannual differences in the muscles' concentrations of MeHg and THg, or of their fatty acids (p > 0.05). The proportion of total saturated fatty acids (SFAs) and monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) varied significantly among different marine fish-feeding habits (predacious, omnivorous, benthivorous and planktivorous), but the differences between polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) were not significant, which may be due to the undistinguished fatty acids (p < 0.05). The risk-benefit assessment using the intelligence quotient (IQ) scoring model revealed that all the studied marine fish had positive effects on child IQ under different consumption scenarios. Additionally, the integrated risk-benefit analysis for adult cardiovascular health showed that all the studied marine fish, but especially Ditrema temmincki Bleeker, are capable of reducing the relative cardiovascular risk posed by the MeHg in the fish. We conclude the positive effects of eating common marine fish from the Liaodong Gulf far outweigh their negative ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment of the Ministry of Education, College of Environment and Resources, Jilin University, China
| | - Deming Dong
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment of the Ministry of Education, College of Environment and Resources, Jilin University, China
| | - Ping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, China
| | - Xiuyi Hua
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment of the Ministry of Education, College of Environment and Resources, Jilin University, China
| | - Na Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment of the Ministry of Education, College of Environment and Resources, Jilin University, China; Northeast Institute of Geography and Agricultural Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, China.
| | - Siyu Sun
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment of the Ministry of Education, College of Environment and Resources, Jilin University, China
| | - Shengnan Hou
- Northeast Institute of Geography and Agricultural Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, China; Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qirui An
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment of the Ministry of Education, College of Environment and Resources, Jilin University, China
| | - Pengyang Li
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment of the Ministry of Education, College of Environment and Resources, Jilin University, China
| | - Yunyang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, China
| | - Xue Song
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, China
| | - Xiaoqian Li
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment of the Ministry of Education, College of Environment and Resources, Jilin University, China
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45
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Yuan T, Si S, Li Y, Li W, Chen X, Liu C, Li J, Wang B, Hou L, Liu Y, Xue F. Roles for circulating polyunsaturated fatty acids in ischemic stroke and modifiable factors: a Mendelian randomization study. Nutr J 2020; 19:70. [PMID: 32652993 PMCID: PMC7354684 DOI: 10.1186/s12937-020-00582-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Available data about the effects of circulating polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) on ischemic stroke (IS) and its main risk factors remains limited and conflicting. Therefore, we conducted Mendelian randomization (MR) to assess whether genetically predicted PUFA affected IS, lipids and blood pressure (BP). Methods Genetic instruments associated with IS were derived from ISGC Consortium (n = 29,633), with lipids were derived from GLGC(n = 188,577), with BP were derived from Neale Lab(n = 337,000). The inverse-variance weighted method was the main analysis to estimate the effect of exposure on outcome. Sensitivity analyses included principal components analysis, MR-Egger, weighted median, and weighted mode. Results Per SD increases in serum α-linolenic acid (ALA) were associated with lower IS risk, with odd ratio (OR) of 0.867(0.782,0.961), arachidonic acid (AA) were associated with higher IS risk (OR: 1.053(1.014,1.094)). Likewise, Per SD increases in ALA were associated with the lower-level low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), total cholesterol (TC) (β:-0.122(− 0.144, − 0.101), − 0.159(− 0.182, − 0.135), − 0.148(− 0.171, − 0.126), respectively), AA were associated with the higher-level of LDL-C, HDL-C and TC (β:0.045(0.034,0.056), 0.059(0.050,0.067), 0.055(0.046,0.063), respectively). Linoleic acid (LA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and docosapentaenoic acid (DPA) had little or no association with IS, lipids or BP at Bonferroni-corrected significance. Different analytic methods supported these findings. The intercept test of MR-Egger implied no pleiotropy. Conclusions High-level plasma ALA was protective for IS but AA was the opposite. LA, EPA, DHA, and DPA had no effects on IS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tonghui Yuan
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong province, China.,Institute for Medical Dataology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong province, China
| | - Shucheng Si
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong province, China.,Institute for Medical Dataology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong province, China
| | - Yunxia Li
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong province, China.,Institute for Medical Dataology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong province, China
| | - Wenchao Li
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong province, China.,Institute for Medical Dataology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong province, China
| | - Xiaolu Chen
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong province, China.,Institute for Medical Dataology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong province, China
| | - Congcong Liu
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong province, China.,Institute for Medical Dataology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong province, China
| | - Jiqing Li
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong province, China.,Institute for Medical Dataology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong province, China
| | - Bojie Wang
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong province, China.,Institute for Medical Dataology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong province, China
| | - Lei Hou
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong province, China.,Institute for Medical Dataology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong province, China
| | - Yanxun Liu
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong province, China. .,Institute for Medical Dataology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong province, China.
| | - Fuzhong Xue
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong province, China. .,Institute for Medical Dataology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong province, China.
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Pasta A, Formisano E, Cremonini AL, Maganza E, Parodi E, Piras S, Pisciotta L. Diet and Nutraceutical Supplementation in Dyslipidemic Patients: First Results of an Italian Single Center Real-World Retrospective Analysis. Nutrients 2020; 12:E2056. [PMID: 32664400 PMCID: PMC7400882 DOI: 10.3390/nu12072056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dyslipidemias are a heterogeneous group of metabolic disorders mainly characterized by an increased risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) or other conditions, such as acute pancreatitis in hypertriglyceridemia. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of diet treatment and nutraceutical (NUTs) supplementation on the plasma lipid profile in outpatient dyslipidemic subjects, considering the influence of several factors (i.e., gender, age, body mass index, alcohol consumption, and smoking habits). METHODS 487 dyslipidemic patients spanning from 2015 to 2019 were treated with a Mediterranean diet or NUTs in a real-word setting and were retrospectively analyzed. General characteristics and lipid profile at baseline and after the follow-up period were evaluated. RESULTS Diet alone reduced total cholesterol (-19 mg/dL, -7.7%), LDL cholesterol (-18 mg/dL, -10.1%), and triglycerides (-20 mg/dL, -16.7%). Triglycerides (TG) decreased more in men, while women were associated with higher reduction of LDL cholesterol (LDL-C). Different types of NUTs further ameliorate lipid profiles when associated with diet. Nevertheless, most patients at low ASCVD risk (222 out of 262, 81.6%) did not achieve the 2019 ESC/EAS guidelines recommended LDL-C goals (i.e., LDL-C < 116 mg/dL). CONCLUSION Lipid-lowering diet improves lipid profile, and NUTs can boost its efficacy, but taken together they are mainly unsatisfactory with respect to the targets imposed by 2019 EAS/ESC guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Pasta
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (A.P.); (A.L.C.); (E.M.); (E.P.); (S.P.)
| | - Elena Formisano
- Nutritional Unit ASL-1 Imperiese, Giovanni Borea Civil Hospital, 18038 Sanremo, Italy;
| | - Anna Laura Cremonini
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (A.P.); (A.L.C.); (E.M.); (E.P.); (S.P.)
| | - Elio Maganza
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (A.P.); (A.L.C.); (E.M.); (E.P.); (S.P.)
| | - Erika Parodi
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (A.P.); (A.L.C.); (E.M.); (E.P.); (S.P.)
| | - Sabrina Piras
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (A.P.); (A.L.C.); (E.M.); (E.P.); (S.P.)
| | - Livia Pisciotta
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (A.P.); (A.L.C.); (E.M.); (E.P.); (S.P.)
- Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition Unit, IRCCS Policlinic Hospital San Martino, 16132 Genoa, Italy
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Gu X, Li C, He J, Li S, Bazzano LA, Kinchen JM, Chen W, He H, Gu D, Kelly TN. Serum metabolites associate with lipid phenotypes among Bogalusa Heart Study participants. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2020; 30:777-787. [PMID: 32131987 PMCID: PMC7524581 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2020.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Dyslipidemia has been identified as a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease. We aimed to identify metabolites and metabolite modules showing novel association with lipids among Bogalusa Heart Study (BHS) participants using untargeted metabolomics. METHODS AND RESULTS Untargeted ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectroscopy was used to quantify serum metabolites of 1 243 BHS participants (816 whites and 427 African-Americans). The association of single metabolites with lipids was assessed using multiple linear regression models to adjust for covariables. Weighted correlation network analysis was utilized to identify modules of co-abundant metabolites and examine their covariable adjusted correlations with lipids. All analyses were conducted according to race and using Bonferroni-corrected α-thresholds to determine statistical significance. Thirteen metabolites with known biochemical identities showing novel association achieved Bonferroni-significance, p < 1.04 × 10-5, and showed consistent effect directions in both whites and African-Americans. Twelve were from lipid sub-pathways including fatty acid metabolism (arachidonoylcholine, dihomo-linolenoyl-choline, docosahexaenoylcholine, linoleoylcholine, oleoylcholine, palmitoylcholine, and stearoylcholine), monohydroxy fatty acids (2-hydroxybehenate, 2-hydroxypalmitate, and 2-hydroxystearate), and lysoplasmalogens [1-(1-enyl-oleoyl)-GPE (P-18:1) and 1-(1-enyl-stearoyl)-GPE (P-18:0)]. The gamma-glutamylglutamine, peptide from the gamma-glutamyl amino acid sub-pathway, were also identified. In addition, four metabolite modules achieved Bonferroni-significance, p < 1.39 × 10-3, in both whites and African-Americans. These four modules were largely comprised of metabolites from lipid sub-pathways, with one module comprised of metabolites which were not identified in the single metabolite analyses. CONCLUSION The current study identified 13 metabolites and 4 metabolite modules showing novel association with lipids, providing new insights into the physiological mechanisms regulating lipid levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoying Gu
- Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Fuwai Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Changwei Li
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of Georgia, Athens, GE, USA
| | - Jiang He
- Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Shengxu Li
- Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Lydia A Bazzano
- Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | | | - Wei Chen
- Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Hua He
- Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Dongfeng Gu
- Department of Epidemiology, Fuwai Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Tanika N Kelly
- Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA.
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Orozco Colonia BS, Vinícius de Melo Pereira G, Soccol CR. Omega-3 microbial oils from marine thraustochytrids as a sustainable and technological solution: A review and patent landscape. Trends Food Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2020.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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49
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Jannas‐Vela S, Klingel SL, Cervone DT, Wickham KA, Heigenhauser GJF, Mutch DM, Holloway GP, Spriet LL. Resting metabolic rate and skeletal muscle SERCA and Na + /K + ATPase activities are not affected by fish oil supplementation in healthy older adults. Physiol Rep 2020; 8:e14408. [PMID: 32342642 PMCID: PMC7186565 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) have unique properties purported to influence several aspects of metabolism, including energy expenditure and protein function. Supplementing with n-3 PUFAs may increase whole-body resting metabolic rate (RMR), by enhancing Na+ /K+ ATPase (NKA) activity and reducing the efficiency of sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca2+ ATPase (SERCA) activity by inducing a Ca2+ leak-pump cycle. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of fish oil (FO) on RMR, substrate oxidation, and skeletal muscle SERCA and NKA pump function in healthy older individuals. Subjects (n = 16 females; n = 8 males; 65 ± 1 years) were randomly assigned into groups supplemented with either olive oil (OO) (5 g/day) or FO (5 g/day) containing 2 g/day eicosapentaenoic acid and 1 g/day docosahexaenoic acid for 12 weeks. Participants visited the laboratory for RMR and substrate oxidation measurements after an overnight fast at weeks 0 and 12. Skeletal muscle biopsies were taken during weeks 0 and 12 for analysis of NKA and SERCA function and protein content. There was a main effect of time with decrease in RMR (5%) and fat oxidation (18%) in both the supplementation groups. The kinetic parameters of SERCA and NKA maximal activity, as well as the expression of SR and NKA proteins, were not affected after OO and FO supplementation. In conclusion, these results suggest that FO supplementation is not effective in altering RMR, substrate oxidation, and skeletal muscle SERCA and NKA protein levels and activities, in healthy older men and women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Jannas‐Vela
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional SciencesUniversity of GuelphGuelphONCanada
- Exercise Science LaboratorySchool of KinesiologyFaculty of MedicineUniversidad Finis TerraeSantiagoChile
| | - Shannon L. Klingel
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional SciencesUniversity of GuelphGuelphONCanada
| | - Daniel T. Cervone
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional SciencesUniversity of GuelphGuelphONCanada
| | - Kate A. Wickham
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional SciencesUniversity of GuelphGuelphONCanada
| | | | - David M. Mutch
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional SciencesUniversity of GuelphGuelphONCanada
| | - Graham P. Holloway
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional SciencesUniversity of GuelphGuelphONCanada
| | - Lawrence L. Spriet
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional SciencesUniversity of GuelphGuelphONCanada
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50
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Chen H, Deng G, Zhou Q, Chu X, Su M, Wei Y, Li L, Zhang Z. Effects of eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid versus α-linolenic acid supplementation on cardiometabolic risk factors: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Food Funct 2020; 11:1919-1932. [PMID: 32175534 DOI: 10.1039/c9fo03052b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Previous randomized controlled trials (RCTs) made direct comparisons between EPA/DHA versus ALA on improving cardiovascular risk factors and have reached inconsistent findings. The aim of this meta-analysis was to compare the effects of EPA/DHA vs. ALA supplementation on cardiometabolic disturbances. Databases including MEDLINE, Embase, PubMed and Cochrane Trials were searched until December 2019. The pooled effects (weighted mean difference, WMD) of outcomes with moderate and high heterogeneity were calculated with a random-effects model, while low heterogeneity was calculated with a fixed-effect model. Fourteen RCTs with 1137 participants who met the eligibility criteria were pooled. Compared with participants supplemented with ALA, those who received EPA/DHA supplementation experienced a greater reduction in triglycerides (TG) (WMD -0.191 mmol l-1; 95% CI -0.249, -0.133) but a greater increase in high-density lipoprotein (HDL) (WMD 0.033 mmol l-1; 95% CI 0.004, 0.062), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) (WMD 0.130 mmol l-1; 95% CI 0.006, 0.253) and total cholesterol (TC) (WMD 0.179 mmol l-1; 95% CI 0.006, 0.352). In subgroup analyses, the WMD for TG was much lower in trials with participants >40 years old (-0.246 mmol l-1; 95% CI -0.325, -0.167). When DHA and EPA were separately administered, modest increases in HDL were observed in trials that used DHA as a supplement (0.161 mmol l-1; 95% CI 0.017, 0.304), but not in trials using EPA (0.040 mmol l-1; 95% CI -0.132, 0.212). In conclusion, dietary EPA/DHA supplementation improved the TG and HDL status but increased LDL levels in comparison with ALA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hengying Chen
- Injury Prevention Research Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China.
| | - Guifang Deng
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Quan Zhou
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinwei Chu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Mengyang Su
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Yuanhuan Wei
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Liping Li
- Injury Prevention Research Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China.
| | - Zheqing Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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