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Adlard B, Bonefeld-Jørgensen EC, Dudarev AA, Olafsdottir K, Abass K, Ayotte P, Caron-Beaudoin É, Drysdale M, Garcia-Barrios J, Gyllenhammar I, Laird B, Lemire M, Lignell S, Long M, Norström K, Packull-McCormick S, Petersen MS, Ratelle M, Rautio A, Timmerman A, Weihe P, Wennberg M. Levels and trends of metals in human populations living in the Arctic. Int J Circumpolar Health 2024; 83:2386140. [PMID: 39169885 PMCID: PMC11342813 DOI: 10.1080/22423982.2024.2386140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 07/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The 2021 Arctic Monitoring Assessment Program (AMAP)'s Human Health Assessment report presents a summary of the presence of contaminants in human populations across the circumpolar Arctic and provides an update to the previous assessment released in 2015. The primary objective of this paper is to summarise some of these findings by describing the current levels of metals across the Arctic, including key regional and temporal trends based on available national data and literature, and highlight knowledge gaps. Many Arctic populations continue to have elevated levels of these contaminants, and the highest levels of mercury (Hg) were observed in populations from Greenland, Faroe Islands, and Nunavik (Canada). Still, concentrations of several metals are declining in Arctic populations in regions where time trends data exist, although the declines are not consistent across all regions. The 2021 AMAP human health assessment report and this paper provide an extensive summary of levels of metals and trace elements in adults, pregnant women, and children across the Arctic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan Adlard
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Eva C. Bonefeld-Jørgensen
- Centre for Arctic Health & Molecular Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Greenland Center for Health Research, University of Greenland, Nuussuaq, Greenland
| | - Alexey A. Dudarev
- Arctic Environmental Health Department, Northwest Public Health Research Center, St-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Kristin Olafsdottir
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Khaled Abass
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Biomedicine and Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine University of Oulu, Finland
| | - Pierre Ayotte
- Département de médecine sociale et préventive, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval and INSPQ, QuébecCity, Canada
| | - Élyse Caron-Beaudoin
- Deptartment of Health and Society, University of Toronto Scarborough, Scarborough, ON, Canada
| | - Mallory Drysdale
- School of Public Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada
| | | | - Irina Gyllenhammar
- Swedish Food Agency, Deptartment of Risk & Benefit Assessment, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Brian Laird
- School of Public Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada
| | - Melanie Lemire
- Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval; Département de médecine sociale et préventive, Institut de biologie intégrative et des systèmes, Université Laval, Québec City, Canada
| | - Sanna Lignell
- Swedish Food Agency, Deptartment of Risk & Benefit Assessment, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Manhai Long
- Centre for Arctic Health & Molecular Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Karin Norström
- Swedish Environmental Protection Agency, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | | | - Mylene Ratelle
- School of Public Health, University of Montreal, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Arja Rautio
- Biomedicine and Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine University of Oulu, Finland
| | - Amalie Timmerman
- National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Pal Weihe
- Department of Research, National Hospital of the Faroe Islands, Torshavn, Faroe Islands
| | - Maria Wennberg
- Section of Sustainable Health, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
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Al-Saleh I, Elkhatib R, Alghamdi R, Alrushud N, Alnuwaysir H, Alnemer M, Aldhalaan H, Shoukri M. Assessment of maternal phthalate exposure in urine across three trimesters and at delivery (umbilical cord blood and placenta) and its influence on birth anthropometric measures. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 949:174910. [PMID: 39053554 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.174910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2024] [Revised: 07/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Phthalates, commonly used in plastic manufacturing, have been linked to adverse reproductive effects. Our research from the Saudi Early Autism and Environment Study (2019-2022), involving 672 participants, focused on the impacts of maternal phthalate exposure on birth anthropometric measures. We measured urinary phthalate metabolites in 390 maternal samples collected during each of the three trimesters of pregnancy and in cord serum and placental samples obtained at delivery. We employed various statistical methods to analyze our data. Intraclass correlation coefficients were used to assess the consistency of phthalate measurements, generalized estimating equations were used to explore temporal variations across the trimesters, and linear regression models, adjusted for significant confounders and Bonferroni correction, were used for each birth outcome. Exposure to six phthalates was consistently high across trimesters, with 82 %-100 % of samples containing significant levels of all metabolites, except for mono-benzyl phthalate. We found a 3.15 %-3.73 % reduction in birth weight (BWT), 1.39 %-1.69 % reduction in head circumference (HC), and 3.63 %-5.45 % reduction in placental weight (PWT) associated with a one-unit increase in certain urinary di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) metabolites during the first trimester. In the second trimester, exposure to MEP, ∑7PAE, and ∑LMW correlated with a 3.15 %-4.5 % increase in the APGAR 5-min score and increases in PWT by 8.98 % for ∑7PAE and 9.09 % for ∑LMW. Our study also highlighted the maternal-to-fetal transfer of DEHP metabolites, indicating diverse impacts on birth outcomes and potential effects on developmental processes. Our study further confirmed the transfer of DEHP metabolites from mothers to fetuses, evidenced by variable rates in the placenta and cord serum, with an inverse relationship suggesting a passive transfer mechanism. Additionally, we observed distinct phthalate profiles across these matrices, adversely impacting birth outcomes. In serum, we noticed increases associated with DEHP metabolites, with birth gestational age rising by 1.01 % to 1.11 %, HC by 2.84 % to 3.67 %, and APGAR 5-min scores by 3.77 % to 3.87 %. Conversely, placental analysis revealed a different impact: BWT decreased by 3.54 % to 4.69 %, HC reductions ranged from 2.57 % to 4.69 %, and chest circumference decreased by 7.13 %. However, the cephalization index increased by 3.67 %-5.87 %. These results highlight the complex effects of phthalates on fetal development, indicating their potential influence on crucial developmental processes like sexual maturation and brain development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iman Al-Saleh
- Environmental Health Program, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Rola Elkhatib
- Environmental Health Program, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Reem Alghamdi
- Environmental Health Program, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nujud Alrushud
- Environmental Health Program, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hissah Alnuwaysir
- Environmental Health Program, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maha Alnemer
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hesham Aldhalaan
- Center for Autism Research, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Shoukri
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
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Al-Saleh I, Elkhatib R, Alghamdi R, Alrushud N, Alnuwaysir H, Alnemer M, Aldhalaan H, Shoukri M. Phthalate exposure during pregnancy and its association with thyroid hormones: A prospective cohort study. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2024; 261:114421. [PMID: 39002474 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2024.114421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 06/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/15/2024]
Abstract
Phthalate esters (PAEs) possess endocrine-disrupting properties. Studies in humans have indicated that in utero phthalate exposure affects maternal thyroid hormones, which are essential for fetal growth and development. However, these studies also reported inconsistent results on the relationship between phthalates and thyroid hormones. This prospective cohort study aimed to assess phthalate exposure across the three trimesters of pregnancy and its association with thyroid hormone levels. From 2019 to 2022, we recruited 672 pregnant women, and two urine samples and one blood sample were collected from each participant during the pregnancy. We examined the urine samples from 663, 335, and 294 women in the first, second, and third trimester, respectively, for the following seven phthalate metabolites: monoethyl phthalate (MEP) from diethyl phthalate (DEP); mono-n-butyl phthalate (MnBP) and mono-iso-butyl phthalate (MiBP) from dibutyl phthalate (DBP); monobenzyl phthalate (MBzP) from butyl benzyl phthalate; and three di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) metabolites, mono-(2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl) phthalate (MEHHP), mono-(2-ethyl-5-oxohexyl) phthalate (MEOHP), and mono-(2-ethyl-5-carboxypentyl) phthalate (MECPP). Additionally, we examined the levels of free thyroxine (FT4), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), and total triiodothyronine (TT3) in the serum samples of the following participants: 596, 627, and 576 in the first trimester; 292, 293, and 282 in the second trimester; and 250, 250, and 248 in the third trimester, respectively. Other than MBzP, which was detected in 25%-33% of the samples, other metabolites were detectable in >86% of urine samples, indicating widespread exposure to DEP, DBP, and DEHP. The detected phthalate exposure levels in our cohort were significantly higher than those reported in other countries. Metabolite levels varied across the trimesters, implying changes in exposure and metabolism throughout pregnancy. The observed variability in urinary concentrations of phthalate metabolites, which ranged from poor to moderate, underscores the importance of taking multiple measurements during pregnancy for precise exposure assessment. Using a linear mixed model, we analyzed the effects of repeated phthalate exposure on thyroid hormone levels while adjusting for potential confounders. We observed significant linear trends in FT4, TSH, and, to a lesser extent, TT3 across quartiles of specific phthalate metabolites. Comparing the highest to the lowest quartiles, we found a significant increase in FT4 levels, ranging from 2 to 3.7%, associated with MEP; MECPP; MEHHP; and the sum of seven metabolites (∑7PAE), three DEHP metabolites (∑3DEHP), two DBP metabolites (∑DBP), and both low molecular weight (∑LMW) and high molecular weight metabolites. Increased TSH levels (5%-16%) were observed for all phthalate metabolites (except MEHHP) and their molar sums, including ∑7PAE. For TT3, a significant increase was observed with MEP (2.2%) and a decrease was observed with ∑DBP (-2.7%). A higher TSH/FT4 ratio was observed with the highest quartiles (third or fourth) of several phthalate metabolites: MEP (8.8%), MiBP (8.7%), MnBP (22.2%), ∑7PAE (15.3%), ∑DBP (16.4%), and ∑LMW (18.6%). These hormonal alterations, most notably in the second and third trimesters, suggest that phthalate exposure may impact fetal growth and development by affecting maternal thyroid function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iman Al-Saleh
- Environmental Health Program, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Rola Elkhatib
- Environmental Health Program, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Reem Alghamdi
- Environmental Health Program, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nujud Alrushud
- Environmental Health Program, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hissah Alnuwaysir
- Environmental Health Program, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maha Alnemer
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hesham Aldhalaan
- Center for Autism Research, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Shoukri
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
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Shi T, Zhang Q, Chen X, Mao G, Feng W, Yang L, Zhao T, Wu X, Chen Y. Overview of deltamethrin residues and toxic effects in the global environment. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2024; 46:271. [PMID: 38954040 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-024-02043-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
Pyrethroids are synthetic organic insecticides. Deltamethrin, as one of the pyrethroids, has high insecticidal activity against pests and parasites and is less toxic to mammals, and is widely used in cities and urban areas worldwide. After entering the natural environment, deltamethrin circulates between solid, liquid and gas phases and enters organisms through the food chain, posing significant health risks. Increasing evidence has shown that deltamethrin has varying degrees of toxicity to a variety of organisms. This review summarized worldwide studies of deltamethrin residues in different media and found that deltamethrin is widely detected in a range of environments (including soil, water, sediment, and air) and organisms. In addition, the metabolism of deltamethrin, including metabolites and enzymes, was discussed. This review shed the mechanism of toxicity of deltamethrin and its metabolites, including neurotoxicity, immunotoxicity, endocrine disruption toxicity, reproductive toxicity, hepatorenal toxicity. This review is aim to provide reference for the ecological security and human health risk assessment of deltamethrin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianli Shi
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, School of the Emergency Management, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Rd, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Qinwen Zhang
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, School of the Emergency Management, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Rd, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Xiangyu Chen
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, School of the Emergency Management, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Rd, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Guanghua Mao
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, School of the Emergency Management, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Rd, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Weiwei Feng
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, School of the Emergency Management, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Rd, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
- Institute of Environmental Health and Ecological Safety, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Rd, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Liuqing Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Rd, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Ting Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Rd, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Xiangyang Wu
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, School of the Emergency Management, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Rd, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Yao Chen
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, School of the Emergency Management, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Rd, Zhenjiang, 212013, China.
- Institute of Environmental Health and Ecological Safety, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Rd, Zhenjiang, 212013, China.
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Oleko A, Saoudi A, Zeghnoun A, Pecheux M, Cirimele V, Mihai Cirtiu C, Berail G, Szego E, Denys S, Fillol C. Exposure of the general French population to metals and metalloids in 2014-2016: Results from the Esteban study. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 252:118744. [PMID: 38579993 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.118744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of the Esteban study was to describe levels of various biomarkers of exposure to several environmental pollutants, including metals and metalloids, among the French population. This paper describes the distribution of concentrations of 28 metals and metalloids in two different populations, and estimates the main determinants of exposure to total arsenic, the sum of inorganic arsenic (iAs) and its two metabolites monomethylarsonic acid (MMA) and dimethylarsinic acid (DMA), cadmium, chromium, copper, mercury and nickel. METHODS Esteban is a cross-sectional study conducted between 2014 and 2016 on a random sample of 2503 adults (18-74 years old) and 1104 children (6-17 years old) from the general population. The data collected included biological samples (blood, hair, and urines), socio-demographic characteristics, environmental and occupational exposure, and information on dietary factors and lifestyle. The geometric mean and percentiles of the distribution were estimated for each metal. Multivariate analyses were performed to identify the determinants of exposure using a generalized linear model. RESULTS Only four metals had a quantification rate below 90% in adults (beryllium, iridium, palladium, and platinum), and three metals in children (beryllium, iridium, and platinum). The concentrations of total arsenic, cadmium, chromium and mercury were higher than those found in most international studies. The determinants significantly associated with exposure were mainly diet and smoking. CONCLUSIONS Esteban provided a nationwide description of 28 metal and metalloid exposure levels for adults (some never measured before) and for the first time in children. The study results highlighted widespread exposure to several metals and metalloids. These results could be used to advocate public health decisions for continued efforts to reduce harmful exposure to toxic metals. The Reference values (RV95) built from Esteban could also be used to support future government strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amivi Oleko
- Santé Publique France, French Public Health Agency, 12 Rue Du Val D'Osne, 94415, Saint Maurice Cedex, France.
| | - Abdessattar Saoudi
- Santé Publique France, French Public Health Agency, 12 Rue Du Val D'Osne, 94415, Saint Maurice Cedex, France
| | - Abdelkrim Zeghnoun
- Santé Publique France, French Public Health Agency, 12 Rue Du Val D'Osne, 94415, Saint Maurice Cedex, France
| | - Marie Pecheux
- Santé Publique France, French Public Health Agency, 12 Rue Du Val D'Osne, 94415, Saint Maurice Cedex, France
| | - Vincent Cirimele
- ChemTox 3 Rue Grüninger, Parc D'Innovation F, Illkirch Graffenstaden, 67400, France
| | - Ciprian Mihai Cirtiu
- Centre de Toxicologie Du Québec (CTQ), Institut National de Santé Publique Du Québec (INSPQ), 945 Av., Wolfe, Québec, G1V 5B3, Canada
| | - Géraldine Berail
- Laboratoire de l'Environnement et de l'Alimentation de la Vendée (LEA Vendée), La Roche sur Yon, France
| | - Emmanuelle Szego
- Santé Publique France, French Public Health Agency, 12 Rue Du Val D'Osne, 94415, Saint Maurice Cedex, France
| | - Sébastien Denys
- Santé Publique France, French Public Health Agency, 12 Rue Du Val D'Osne, 94415, Saint Maurice Cedex, France
| | - Clémence Fillol
- Santé Publique France, French Public Health Agency, 12 Rue Du Val D'Osne, 94415, Saint Maurice Cedex, France
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Kang H, Kim SH. Associations between serum perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl concentrations and diabetes mellitus in the Korean general population: Insights from the Korean National Environmental Health Survey 2018-2020. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2024; 259:114385. [PMID: 38676994 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2024.114385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
AIMS Recent epidemiologic research has examined the relationship between perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) and diabetes mellitus with inconclusive findings. In this cross-sectional study, we aimed to explore the association between serum PFAS concentrations and the prevalence of prediabetes and pre-diagnostic diabetes in the general Korean population as well as the combined effects of exposure to mixed PFAS compounds. METHODS We analyzed data from participants aged ≥19 years enrolled in the Korean National Environmental Health Survey Cycle 4 (2018-2020). Individuals diagnosed with diabetes were excluded to minimize potential bias. We identified cases of pre-diagnostic diabetes based on the HbA1c level ≥6.5% and prediabetes as HbA1c levels of 5.7-6.49%. Serum concentrations of PFAS, including perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA), perfluorodecanoic acid (PFDeA), perfluorohexane sulfonic acid (PFHxS), and perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS), were quantified using high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Survey-weighted logistic regression models were used to assess the relationships between PFAS levels and diabetes risk, adjusting for covariates. Additionally, Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) was used to investigate the combined effects of exposure to mixed PFAS compounds. RESULTS In the study population excluding participants with diagnosed diabetes (n = 2709), the prevalence of pre-diagnostic diabetes and prediabetes was 4.8% and 30.1%, respectively. Significant positive associations were found between serum PFHxS and PFOS quartiles and pre-diagnostic diabetes risk. Likewise, among those without diagnosed or pre-diagnostic diabetes (n = 2579), the highest quartiles of PFDeA, PFHxS, and PFOS and the overall PFAS level were associated with an increased risk of prediabetes compared with the lowest quartiles. BKMR analysis revealed a significant positive association between overall serum PFAS level and prediabetes risk, which was most marked for PFOS. CONCLUSIONS These findings highlight the potential health implications of PFAS exposure and prediabetes risk. Further research is needed to validate these associations and identify potential mechanistic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Habyeong Kang
- Institute of Health Sciences, College of Health Science, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Shin-Hye Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Inje University Sanggye Paik Hospital, Seoul, South Korea.
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France Štiglic A, Falnoga I, Briški AS, Žavbi M, Osredkar J, Skitek M, Marc J. Reference intervals of 24 trace elements in blood, plasma and erythrocytes for the Slovenian adult population. Clin Chem Lab Med 2024; 62:946-957. [PMID: 38008765 DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2023-0731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of the present study was to establish the population- and laboratory-specific reference intervals (RIs) for the Slovenian adult population for 24 trace elements (TEs) in blood, plasma and erythrocytes and to evaluate the impact of gender, age, seafood consumption, smoking habits and amalgam fillings on TEs levels. METHODS TEs (Mn, Co, Cu, Zn, Se and Mo, Li, Be, V, Cr, Ni, Ga, As, Rb, Sr, Ag, Cd, Sn, Cs, Au, Hg, Tl, Pb and U) were determined in 192 a priori selected blood donors (107 women and 85 men, aged 18-65 years), using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) with the Octopole Reaction System. Participants filled out a questionnaire, and RIs were established according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines for TEs. RESULTS Uniform RIs for non-essential and gender-specific for essential TEs in blood, plasma and erythrocytes were established. In our population, higher blood and plasma Cu, and erythrocyte Mn levels in women were found. In men, blood Zn, plasma Zn, Mn and Se, and erythrocyte Cu levels were higher. Zn levels were higher in 30-39 years age group. Pb and Sr increased with age. Smoking positively affected Cd, Pb, Cs and Rb; seafood consumption increased As, Hg and Zn; and amalgam increased Hg, Ag and Cu levels. CONCLUSIONS Essential TEs were inside recommended levels, and the non-essential ones were far below critical levels. Established RIs will provide an important foundation for clinical diagnostics, safety erythrocyte transfusions assessment, toxicology and epidemiological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alenka France Štiglic
- Clinical Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Biochemistry, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Ingrid Falnoga
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Alenka Sešek Briški
- Clinical Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Biochemistry, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Marko Žavbi
- Clinical Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Biochemistry, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Joško Osredkar
- Clinical Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Biochemistry, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Milan Skitek
- Clinical Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Biochemistry, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Janja Marc
- Clinical Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Biochemistry, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Ryu JY, Hong DH. Association of mixed polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons exposure with oxidative stress in Korean adults. Sci Rep 2024; 14:7511. [PMID: 38553533 PMCID: PMC10980696 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-58263-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are widespread pollutants associated with several adverse health effects and PAH-induced oxidative stress has been proposed as a potential mechanism. This study evaluated the associations of single and multiple PAHs exposure with oxidative stress within the Korean adult population, using serum gamma glutamyltransferase (GGT) as an oxidative stress marker. Data from the Second Korean National Environmental Health Survey (2012-2014) were analyzed. For analysis, 5225 individuals were included. PAH exposure was assessed with four urinary PAH metabolites: 1-hydroxyphenanthrene, 1-hydroxypyrene, 2-hydroxyfluorene, and 2-naphthol. After adjusting for age, sex, body mass index, drinking, passive smoking, and current smoking (model 1), as well as the presence of diabetes and hepatobiliary diseases (model 2), complex samples general linear model regression analyses for each metabolite revealed a significant positive association between Ln(1-hydroxyphenanthrene) and Ln(GGT) (model 1: β = 0.040, p < 0.01 and model 2: β = 0.044, p < 0.05). For the complete dataset (n = 4378), a significant positive association was observed between mixture of four urinary PAH metabolites and serum GGT in both the quantile g-computation and the Bayesian kernel machine regression analysis. Our study provides evidence for the association between mixed PAH exposure and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Young Ryu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Inje University Haeundae Paik Hospital, 875 Haeun-daero, Haeundae-gu, Busan, 48108, South Korea.
| | - Dong Hyun Hong
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Inje University Haeundae Paik Hospital, 875 Haeun-daero, Haeundae-gu, Busan, 48108, South Korea
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Peris-Camarasa B, Pardo O, Fernández SF, Dualde P, Coscollà C. Risk assessment and predictors of the exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in Spanish adults by urinary human biomonitoring. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 352:141330. [PMID: 38301841 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are produced primarily during incomplete combustion of organic matter and in various industrial processes. They are widespread environmental pollutants that are of significant interest due to their potential toxicity. Humans can be exposed to PAHs through ingestion, inhalation and dermal contact. In the present study, ten urinary PAH biomarkers were determined in first-morning urine samples (n = 504) from the adult population (aged 18-65 years) residing in the Valencian Region of Spain. These samples were analysed using liquid-liquid extraction followed by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS). All PAH biomarkers were quantified in more than 65 % of the urine samples. Naphthalene biomarkers, 1-hydroxynaphthalene (1OHNAP) and 2-hydroxynaphthalene (2OHNAP), exhibited the highest levels with geometric means (GMs) of 0.7 and 11.9 μg L-1, respectively. The 95th percentile of all PAH biomarkers ranged from 0.22 to 64.8 μg L-1. Estimated daily intakes (EDIs) for the analysed PAH families in the studied population ranged from 17 (pyrene) to 18581 (naphthalene) ng·kg-bw-1·day-1 (GM). Significant associations were observed between the quantified urinary metabolites of PAHs and smoking status, home location, annual household incomes, BMI, and the consumption of grilled food in the last 24 h. Hazard quotients (HQs) of naphthalene and consequently, hazard indexes (HIs) were above 1, especially for smokers. Therefore, potential health risks associated with PAH exposure in the target population could not be discarded.
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Affiliation(s)
- Borja Peris-Camarasa
- Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region, FISABIO-Public Health, Avda. Cataluña, 21, 46020, Valencia, Spain; Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Valencia, Doctor Moliner, 50, 46100, Burjassot, Spain
| | - Olga Pardo
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Valencia, Doctor Moliner, 50, 46100, Burjassot, Spain.
| | - Sandra F Fernández
- Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region, FISABIO-Public Health, Avda. Cataluña, 21, 46020, Valencia, Spain; Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Valencia, Doctor Moliner, 50, 46100, Burjassot, Spain
| | - Pablo Dualde
- Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region, FISABIO-Public Health, Avda. Cataluña, 21, 46020, Valencia, Spain
| | - Clara Coscollà
- Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region, FISABIO-Public Health, Avda. Cataluña, 21, 46020, Valencia, Spain
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10
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Zhang M, Chen Y, Lai J, Wang X, Hu K, Li J, Li Q, He L, Chen S, Liu A, Ao X, Yang Y, Liu S. Cypermethrin adsorption by Lactiplantibacillus plantarum and its behavior in a simulated fecal fermentation model. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 107:6985-6998. [PMID: 37702791 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12764-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
The presence of cypermethrin in the environment and food poses a significant threat to human health. Lactic acid bacteria have shown promise as effective absorbents for xenobiotics and well behaved in wide range of applications. This study aimed to characterize the biosorption behavior of cypermethrin by Lactiplantibacillus plantarum RS60, focusing on cellular components, functional groups, kinetics, and isotherms. Results indicated that RS60 exopolysaccharides played a crucial role removing cypermethrin, with the cell wall and protoplast contributing 71.50% and 30.29% to the overall removal, respectively. Notably, peptidoglycans exhibited a high affinity for cypermethrin binding. The presence of various cellular surface groups including -OH, -NH, -CH3, -CH2, -CH, -P = O, and -CO was responsible for the efficient removal of pollutants. Additionally, the biosorption process demonstrated a good fit with pseudo-second-order and Langmuir-Freundlich isotherm. The biosorption of cypermethrin by L. plantarum RS60 involved complex chemical and physical interactions, as well as intraparticle diffusion and film diffusion. RS60 also effectively reduced cypermethrin residues in a fecal fermentation model, highlighting its potential in mitigating cypermethrin exposure in humans and animals. These findings provided valuable insights into the mechanisms underlying cypermethrin biosorption by lactic acid bacteria and supported the advancement of their application in environmental and health-related contexts. KEY POINTS: • Cypermethrin adsorption by L. plantarum was clarified. • Cell wall and protoplast showed cypermethrin binding ability. • L. plantarum can reduce cypermethrin in a fecal fermentation model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengmei Zhang
- College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan, 625014, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Chen
- College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan, 625014, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinghui Lai
- College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan, 625014, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingjie Wang
- College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan, 625014, People's Republic of China
| | - Kaidi Hu
- College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan, 625014, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianlong Li
- College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan, 625014, People's Republic of China
| | - Qin Li
- College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan, 625014, People's Republic of China
| | - Li He
- College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan, 625014, People's Republic of China
| | - Shujuan Chen
- College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan, 625014, People's Republic of China
| | - Aiping Liu
- College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan, 625014, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaolin Ao
- College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan, 625014, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Food Processing and Safety, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan, 625014, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Yang
- College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan, 625014, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Food Processing and Safety, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan, 625014, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuliang Liu
- College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan, 625014, People's Republic of China.
- Institute of Food Processing and Safety, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan, 625014, People's Republic of China.
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11
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Styszko K, Pamuła J, Pac A, Sochacka-Tatara E. Biomarkers for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in human excreta: recent advances in analytical techniques-a review. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2023; 45:7099-7113. [PMID: 37530922 PMCID: PMC10517897 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-023-01699-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are widespread environmental pollutants that are generated by the incomplete combustion of organic materials. The main anthropogenic sources of PAHs are the combustion of solid fuels for heating purposes, illegal waste incineration, road transport and industries based on fossil fuels. PAHs can easily enter the body because they are present in all elements of the environment, including water, soil, air, and food. Due to their ubiquitous presence, PAHs, may exert a harmful effect on human health. Assessing PAH exposure through biomonitoring mostly involve techniques to measure the concentration of 1-hydroxypyrene in human urine. Nevertheless, through recent progress in analytical techniques, other common metabolites of PAHs in human biospecimens can be detected. A scientific literature search was conducted to determine which hydroxy derivatives of PAHs are markers of PAHs exposure and to reveal the leading sources of these compounds. Techniques for analyzing biological samples to identify OH-PAHs are also discussed. The most frequently determined OH-PAH in human urine is 1-hydroxypyrene, the concentration of which reaches up to a dozen ng/L in urine. Apart from this compound, the most frequently determined biomarkers were naphthalene and fluorene metabolites. The highest concentrations of 1- and 2-hydroxynaphthalene, as well as 2-hydroxyfluorene, are associated with occupational exposure and reach approximately 30 ng/L in urine. High molecular weight PAH metabolites have been identified in only a few studies. To date, PAH metabolites in feces have been analyzed only in animal models for PAH exposure. The most frequently used analytical method is HPLC-FLD. However, compared to liquid chromatography, the LOD for gas chromatography methods is at least one order of magnitude lower. The hydroxy derivatives naphthalene and fluorene may also serve as indicators of PAH exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Styszko
- Department of Coal Chemistry and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Energy and Fuels, AGH University of Science and Technology, al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059, Kraków, Poland.
| | - Justyna Pamuła
- Department of Geoengineering and Water Management, Faculty of Environmental Engineering and Energy, Cracow University of Technology, Kraków, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Pac
- Chair of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Sochacka-Tatara
- Chair of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
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12
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Nguyen HD. Exposure to mixed chemicals elevated triiodothyronine (T3) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) levels: epidemiology and in silico toxicogenomic involvement. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:88803-88823. [PMID: 37442928 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-28704-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
There is a dearth of evidence on the effects of a mixture of numerous different types of chemicals on hormone functions. We hypothesized that exposure to mixed chemicals may alter hormone levels. Thus, this study was to identify an association between the mixed chemicals (25 chemicals) and hormone levels (thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)) among 5687 Korean adults using four different statistical approaches. Furthermore, we elucidate the effects of the key chemicals on thyroid disease and infertility based on the findings from epidemiology data. The positive associations between mixed chemicals and T3 and between mixed chemicals and FSH were observed across different methods after adjusting for all possible confounders. In the weighted quantile sum regression models, there were positive associations between mixed chemicals and T3 (β = 4.43, 95%CI: 2.81-5.88) and ln-transformed FSH (lnFSH) (β = 0.15, 95%CI: 0.10-0.20). In the quantile g-computation models, positive associations were found between mixed chemicals and T3 (β=2.15, 95%CI: 0.17-4.14) and lnFSH (β=0.15, 95%CI: 0.07-0.22). In the Bayesian kernel machine regression models, culminative effects of mixed chemicals showed positive associations with T3 and lnFSH; mercury (group posterior inclusion probabilities (PIPs) = 0.557 and conditional PPI = 0.556) and lead (group PIP group = 0.815 and conditional PPI = 0.951) were the most important chemicals for T3 and FSH, respectively. The results obtained were partially robust when subjected to in silico toxicogenomic data. We identified several molecular mechanisms that were implicated in Hg-induced thyroid disease, including the selenium micronutrient network, oxidative stress response, IL-17 signaling pathway, poorly differentiated thyroid carcinoma, and primary hyperthyroidism. The molecular processes implicated in Pb-induced infertility were "response to nutrient levels," "gonad development," "male infertility," "female infertility," and "intrinsic pathway for apoptosis," with a particular focus on FSH. The present study investigated the threshold levels of the studied chemicals and their potential impact on the disruption of T3 and FSH hormones. Future research is warranted to determine the effects of mixed chemicals on various hormones because there have been few studies on the disruption of hormones caused by such mixed chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Duc Nguyen
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sunchon National University, Sunchon, 57922, Jeonnam, Republic of Korea.
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13
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Tang W, Zhan W, Chen Q. The mediating role of telomere length in multi-pollutant exposure associated with metabolic syndrome in adults. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:82068-82082. [PMID: 37322399 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-28017-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome is a chronic and complex disease characterized by environmental and genetic factors. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. This study assessed the relationship between exposure to a mixture of environmental chemicals and metabolic syndrome (MetS) and further examined whether telomere length (TL) moderated these relationships. A total of 1265 adults aged > 20 years participated in the study. Data on multiple pollutants (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, phthalates, and metals), MetS, leukocyte telomere length (LTL), and confounders were provided in the 2001-2002 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. The correlations between multi-pollutant exposure, TL, and MetS in the males and females were separately assessed using principal component analysis (PCA), logistic and extended linear regression models, Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR), and mediation analysis. Four factors were generated in PCA that accounted for 76.2% and 77.5% of the total environmental pollutants in males and females, respectively. The highest quantiles of PC2 and PC4 were associated with the risk of TL shortening (P < 0.05). We observed that the relationship between PC2, PC4, and MetS risk was significant in the participants with median TL levels (P for trend = 0.04 for PC2, and P for trend = 0.01 for PC4). Furthermore, mediation analysis revealed that TL could explain 26.1% and 17.1% of the effects of PC2 and PC4 associated with MetS in males, respectively. The results of BKMR model revealed that these associations were mainly driven by 1-PYE (cPIP = 0.65) and Cd (cPIP = 0.29) in PC2. Meanwhile, TL could explain 17.7% of the mediation effects of PC2 associated with MetS in the females. However, the relationships between pollutants and MetS were sparse and inconsistent in the females. Our findings suggest that the effects of the risk of MetS associated with mixed exposure to multiple pollutants are mediated by TL, and this mediating effect in the males is more pronounced than that in the females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weifeng Tang
- Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenqiang Zhan
- Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qian Chen
- Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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14
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Nguyen HD. An evaluation of the effects of mixed heavy metals on prediabetes and type 2 diabetes: epidemiological and toxicogenomic analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023:10.1007/s11356-023-28037-3. [PMID: 37326729 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-28037-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The link between mixed heavy metals (mercury, lead, and cadmium), prediabetes, and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), especially molecular mechanisms, is poorly understood. Thus, we aimed to identify the association between mixed heavy metals and T2DM and its components using a data set from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. We further analyzed the main molecular mechanisms implicated in T2DM development induced by mixed heavy metals using in-silico analysis. Our findings observed that serum mercury was associated with prediabetes, elevated glucose, and ln2-transformed glucose when using different statistical methods. "AGE-RAGE signaling pathway in diabetic complications", "non-alcoholic fatty liver disease", "metabolic Syndrome X", and three miRNAs (hsa-miR-98-5p, hsa-let-7a-5p, and hsa-miR-34a-5p) were listed as the most important molecular mechanisms related to T2DM development caused by mixed heavy metals. These miRNA sponge structures were created and examined, and they may be beneficial in the treatment of T2DM. The predicted cutoff values for three heavy metal levels linked to T2DM and its components were specifically identified. Our results imply that chronic exposure to heavy metals, particularly mercury, may contribute to the development of T2DM. To understand the changes in the pathophysiology of T2DM brought on by a combination of heavy metals, more research is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Duc Nguyen
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sunchon National University, Sunchon, 57922, Jeonnam, Republic of Korea.
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15
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Barbosa F, Devoz PP, Cavalcante MRN, Gallimberti M, Cruz JC, Domingo JL, Simões EJ, Lotufo P, Liu S, Bensenor I. Urinary levels of 30 metal/metalloids in the Brazilian southeast population: Findings from the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil). ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 225:115624. [PMID: 36878270 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.115624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The assessment of risks associated with environmental exposure to metals/metalloids requires well-established reference values for each population since it varies considerably according to distinct local/regional characteristics. However, very few studies establish baseline values for these elements (essential and toxic) in large population groups, especially in Latin American countries. This study was aimed at establishing urinary reference levels of 30 metals/metalloids: aluminum (Al), antimony (Sb), arsenic (As), barium (Ba), beryllium (Be), cadmium (Cd), cerium (Ce), cesium (Cs), chromium (Cr), cobalt (Co), copper (Cu), lanthanum (La), lead (Pb), lithium (Li), strontium (Sr), manganese (Mn), mercury (Hg), molybdenum (Mo), nickel (Ni), platinum (Pt), rubidium (Rb), selenium (Se), silver (Ag), tin (Sn), tellurium (Te), thallium (Tl), thorium (Th), tungsten (W), uranium (U) and zinc (Zn) in a Brazilian southeast adult population. This pilot study is a cross-sectional analysis conducted with the first wave of the ELSA-Brasil cohort (baseline examination). A total of 996 adults (45.5% men, N = 453, mean age: 50.5, and 54.5% women, N = 543, mean age: 50.6) were included in the study. Sample analyses were performed by Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS). Percentiles (2.5, 10, 25, 50, 75, 95 (CI95%), and 97.5) of each element (μg/g of creatinine) in the study are presented according to sex. Moreover, differences in the mean metal/metalloid urinary levels according to age, education, smoking, and alcohol intake are also presented. Finally, median found values were compared to established values of large human biomonitoring surveys previously conducted in North America and France. This is the first comprehensive and systematic human biomonitoring study that established population reference ranges for 30 (essential and/or toxic elements) in a Brazilian population group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Barbosa
- Laboratório de Toxicologia Analítica e de Sistemas (ASTOx). Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
| | - Paula Picoli Devoz
- Laboratório de Toxicologia Analítica e de Sistemas (ASTOx). Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Matheus Gallimberti
- Laboratório de Toxicologia Analítica e de Sistemas (ASTOx). Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Jonas Carneiro Cruz
- Laboratório de Toxicologia Analítica e de Sistemas (ASTOx). Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - José Luis Domingo
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, School of Medicine, Reus, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Eduardo J Simões
- University of Missouri School of Medicine and Institute for Data Science and informatics, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Paulo Lotufo
- Centro de Pesquisa Clínica e Epidemiológica, Hospital Universitário, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Simin Liu
- Departments of Epidemiology, Medicine, and Surgery, and Center for Global Cardiometabolic Health, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.
| | - Isabela Bensenor
- Centro de Pesquisa Clínica e Epidemiológica, Hospital Universitário, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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16
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Kim OJ, Kim S, Park EY, Oh JK, Jung SK, Park S, Hong S, Jeon HL, Kim HJ, Park B, Park B, Kim S, Kim B. Exposure to serum perfluoroalkyl substances and biomarkers of liver function: The Korean national environmental health survey 2015-2017. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 322:138208. [PMID: 36822523 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) may increase the risk of liver disease by disrupting cholesterol and lipid synthesis/metabolism, leading to higher liver-enzyme concentrations. However, most studies assessing association between PFAS and liver enzymes focused on individual PFAS. Moreover, PFAS concentrations differ based on sex and obesity status, and it remains unclear whether these factors affect associations with liver function. Therefore, we examined the association between exposure to both individual and combined PFAS and liver-function biomarkers and assessed sex and obesity as effect modifiers in Korean adults. METHODS We measured serum concentrations of the five most abundant PFAS (PFOA, PFOS, PFHxS, PFDA, PFNA) and three liver enzymes (alanine transaminase [ALT], aspartate aminotransferase [AST], γ-glutamyl transferase [GGT]) in 1404 adults from the Korean National Environmental Health Survey Cycle 3, 2015-2017. We used linear regression to evaluate associations between individual PFAS and liver-function biomarkers, assessing sex and obesity as possible effect modifiers, and performed Bayesian kernel machine regression and quantile g-computation to evaluate the overall effect of PFAS mixture on biomarkers of liver function. RESULTS Among 1404 Korean adults, all five PFAS were detected. Geometric mean concentration was highest for PFOS (16.11 μg/L), followed by PFOA (5.83 μg/L), PFHxS (2.21 μg/L), PFNA (2.03 μg/L), and PFDA (1.06 μg/L). In multivariable linear regression, all PFAS were positively associated with ALT, AST, and GGT; 2-fold increase in each PFAS was associated with 3.4-8.6% higher ALT, 2.4-4.6% higher AST, and 4.6-11.1% higher GGT (all p < 0.05). Positive associations for PFOA, PFDA, and PFNA with AST were stronger in men, and positive associations for PFOS with ALT and GGT were stronger in women. Compared to obese participants, nonobese participants had higher average percent changes in each enzyme, particularly GGT, when individual PFAS concentration doubled. Additionally, increased exposure to PFAS mixtures was associated with higher ALT, AST, and GGT. In quantile g-computations, simultaneous quartile increase in all PFAS was significantly associated with 6.9% (95%CI: 3.7, 10.2) higher ALT, 4.5% (95%CI: 2.4, 6.6) higher AST, and 8.3% (95%CI: 3.7, 13.1) higher GGT levels, on average. CONCLUSIONS Exposure to individual and combined PFAS is associated with higher liver enzymes in Korean adults, providing additional evidence for the association between PFAS exposure and risk of liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ok-Jin Kim
- Environmental Health Research Department, National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon, 22689, Republic of Korea
| | - Seyoung Kim
- National Cancer Control Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, 10408, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Young Park
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Kyoung Oh
- National Cancer Control Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, 10408, Republic of Korea; Department of Cancer Control and Population Health, Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center, Goyang, 10408, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Kyoung Jung
- Environmental Health Research Department, National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon, 22689, Republic of Korea
| | - Soyoung Park
- Environmental Health Research Department, National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon, 22689, Republic of Korea
| | - Sooyeon Hong
- Environmental Health Research Department, National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon, 22689, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Li Jeon
- Environmental Health Research Department, National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon, 22689, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Jin Kim
- National Cancer Control Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, 10408, Republic of Korea; Department of Cancer Control and Population Health, Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center, Goyang, 10408, Republic of Korea
| | - Bohyun Park
- National Cancer Control Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, 10408, Republic of Korea
| | - Bomi Park
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Suejin Kim
- Environmental Health Research Department, National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon, 22689, Republic of Korea.
| | - Byungmi Kim
- National Cancer Control Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, 10408, Republic of Korea; Department of Cancer Control and Population Health, Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center, Goyang, 10408, Republic of Korea.
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17
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Harmonized human biomonitoring in European children, teenagers and adults: EU-wide exposure data of 11 chemical substance groups from the HBM4EU Aligned Studies (2014-2021). Int J Hyg Environ Health 2023; 249:114119. [PMID: 36773580 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2023.114119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
As one of the core elements of the European Human Biomonitoring Initiative (HBM4EU) a human biomonitoring (HBM) survey was conducted in 23 countries to generate EU-wide comparable HBM data. This survey has built on existing HBM capacity in Europe by aligning national or regional HBM studies, referred to as the HBM4EU Aligned Studies. The HBM4EU Aligned Studies included a total of 10,795 participants of three age groups: (i) 3,576 children aged 6-12 years, (ii) 3,117 teenagers aged 12-18 years and (iii) 4,102 young adults aged 20-39 years. The participants were recruited between 2014 and 2021 in 11-12 countries per age group, geographically distributed across Europe. Depending on the age group, internal exposure to phthalates and the substitute DINCH, halogenated and organophosphorus flame retardants, per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs), cadmium, bisphenols, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), arsenic species, acrylamide, mycotoxins (deoxynivalenol (total DON)), benzophenones and selected pesticides was assessed by measuring substance specific biomarkers subjected to stringent quality control programs for chemical analysis. For substance groups analyzed in different age groups higher average exposure levels were observed in the youngest age group, i.e., phthalates/DINCH in children versus teenagers, acrylamide and pesticides in children versus adults, benzophenones in teenagers versus adults. Many biomarkers in teenagers and adults varied significantly according to educational attainment, with higher exposure levels of bisphenols, phthalates, benzophenones, PAHs and acrylamide in participants (from households) with lower educational attainment, while teenagers from households with higher educational attainment have higher exposure levels for PFASs and arsenic. In children, a social gradient was only observed for the non-specific pyrethroid metabolite 3-PBA and di-isodecyl phthalate (DiDP), with higher levels in children from households with higher educational attainment. Geographical variations were seen for all exposure biomarkers. For 15 biomarkers, the available health-based HBM guidance values were exceeded with highest exceedance rates for toxicologically relevant arsenic in teenagers (40%), 3-PBA in children (36%), and between 11 and 14% for total DON, Σ (PFOA + PFNA + PFHxS + PFOS), bisphenol S and cadmium. The infrastructure and harmonized approach succeeded in obtaining comparable European wide internal exposure data for a prioritized set of 11 chemical groups. These data serve as a reference for comparison at the global level, provide a baseline to compare the efficacy of the European Commission's chemical strategy for sustainability and will give leverage to national policy makers for the implementation of targeted measures.
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Kim S, Min HS, Lee WJ, Choe SA. Occupational differences in personal care product use and urinary concentration of endocrine disrupting chemicals by gender. JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE & ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY 2023; 33:312-318. [PMID: 35414680 DOI: 10.1038/s41370-022-00436-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In most societies, women and men systematically differ in consumption of cosmetics and household products, which are interlinked with gendered norms and occupational segregation. We investigated the differences in personal care product (PCP) use and exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) based on occupation and gender. METHODS We utilized data from the first to third Korean National Environmental Health Survey analyzing 9218 participants aged 20-59 years engaged in their current occupation for ≥3 months. Frequent PCP use (≥once/week) and exposure to EDCs were analyzed by gender and occupation. We used least-square geometric means (LSGMs) of urinary concentrations of the five EDCs adjusted for covariates. RESULTS Manual occupation was most common in men and no paid occupation was most frequent in women. In general, clerical, service, and sales workers showed the highest prevalence of frequent use of hair and body products. Women used body and makeup products more frequently than men. For all five EDCs, similarly, women showed higher urinary levels in all occupation groups. When stratified by gender, the differences in urinary concentration of EDCs across occupation groups were not observed in men. Among women, clerical, service, and sales workers showed higher bisphenol A (BPA) and mono-n-butyl phthalate (MnBP) levels than manual workers. CONCLUSIONS Differentials in exposure to EDCs by occupation groups were not evident for men. Given the higher urinary concentration of EDCs in women compared to men, interventions to reduce the exposure to EDCs would need to focus on women, especially in clerical, service, and sales occupations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saerom Kim
- People's Health Institute, Seoul, Korea
- Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hye Sook Min
- Research Institute of Public Healthcare, National Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Won Jin Lee
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung-Ah Choe
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
- Division of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, Korea.
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Lyu Z, Harada KH, Kim S, Fujitani T, Hitomi T, Pan R, Park N, Fujii Y, Kho Y, Choi K. Temporal trends in bisphenol exposures and associated health risk among Japanese women living in the Kyoto area from 1993 to 2016. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 316:137867. [PMID: 36642136 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.137867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bisphenols, and especially bisphenol A, are widely used as components of epoxy resins and polycarbonate. Widespread detection and potential health risks have led to bisphenol A being replaced by other alternatives, including structurally similar bisphenol analogs. Several bisphenol analogs are suspected to have similar adverse health consequences. This study examined the temporal trends in bisphenol exposure among a group of Japanese women from 1993 to 2016, and assessed the associated health risks. METHODS We used archived single spot urine samples of healthy Japanese women living in the Kyoto area (n = 133) collected in 1993, 2000, 2003, 2009, 2011, and 2016. We measured the concentrations of 10 bisphenols in these samples. RESULTS A sharp increase in the detection rates of bisphenol F was observed after 2000. There was a distinct downward trend in urinary bisphenol A concentrations and an upward trend in bisphenol E concentrations after 2009. While the hazard index for all measured bisphenols was below 1 in all subjects, bisphenol F was determined as the most important risk driver after 2000, rather than bisphenol A. DISCUSSION Trends of decreasing bisphenol A and increasing bisphenol E exposure especially after 2011, along with no significant change in the sum of all bisphenol analogs in urine, provide clear evidence that bisphenol A has been replaced by other bisphenols in the study population. We found no significant change in the total exposure to bisphenols during the study period. Bisphenol F might become the most important bisphenol in terms of risk, while cumulative risks due to all bisphenol exposure were deemed insignificant. Considering the accumulating evidence indicating adverse effects at lower exposure levels, further studies are warranted to assess exposure and risk from bisphenol A analogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoqing Lyu
- Department of Health and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Yoshida, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Kouji H Harada
- Department of Health and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Yoshida, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan.
| | - Sungmin Kim
- Department of Health, Environment & Safety, Eulji University, Seongnam, 13135, Republic of Korea
| | - Tomoko Fujitani
- Department of Health and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Yoshida, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Hitomi
- Department of Preventive Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, 216-8511, Japan
| | - Rui Pan
- Department of Health and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Yoshida, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan; Department of Global Environmental Health, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Nayoun Park
- Department of Health, Environment & Safety, Eulji University, Seongnam, 13135, Republic of Korea
| | - Yukiko Fujii
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Daiichi University of Pharmacy, Fukuoka, 815-8511, Japan
| | - Younglim Kho
- Department of Health, Environment & Safety, Eulji University, Seongnam, 13135, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungho Choi
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
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Abdo N, Al-Khalaileh H, Alajlouni M, Hamadneh J, Alajlouni AM. Screening for phthalates biomarkers and its potential role in infertility outcomes in Jordan. JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE & ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY 2023; 33:273-282. [PMID: 36593351 PMCID: PMC9807094 DOI: 10.1038/s41370-022-00517-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phthalates are endocrine disrupting chemicals that are used in plastic and personal care products. Phthalate exposure has been linked to reproductive and fertility outcomes. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to assess the phthalate exposures using both urinary level of two DEHP metabolites in females and questionnaires. It also aimed to investigate the association between phthalate levels and reproductive and fertility outcomes. METHODS 325 females with and without fertility problems at gynaecology clinics filled out a questionnaire and provided a urine sample. Urine samples were analyzed for two DEHP metabolites: MEHHP, mono (2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl) phthalate; MEOHP, mono (2-ethyl-5-oxohexyl) phthalate, using an HPLC/MS/MS analytical method. RESULTS We observed a significant difference between cases and controls in terms of heating plastic in the microwave and use of skin and eye make-up, sunscreen, and nail polish. Our findings showed that MEOHP exposure is significantly associated with infertility among Jordanian women (Adjusted OR = 1.66, 95% CI: 1.14, 2.40, p-value = 0.002). SIGNIFICANCE To the best of our knowledge, our study is the first of its kind done in Jordan to screen for phthalate exposure and investigate its association with infertility. Our study demonstrated high exposure of the Jordanian population to DEHP. It confirms the association between DEHP exposure and infertility. IMPACT STATEMENT We measured phthalates in infertile and fertile women, in a community unaware of phthalate sources or its impacts, and with no regulation limits set. We aimed to increase awareness to environmental exposure to phthalates, emphasize the importance of implementation of public health interventions to control and minimize the effects of phthalate exposure and provide a base for further studies and future research to aid in the formation of policies and guidelines for the manufacturing and use of phthalates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nour Abdo
- Department of Public Health and Family Medicine, College of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box, 3030, Irbid, 22110, Jordan.
| | - Hana Al-Khalaileh
- Department of Public Health and Family Medicine, College of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box, 3030, Irbid, 22110, Jordan
| | - Marwan Alajlouni
- Department of Public Health and Family Medicine, College of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box, 3030, Irbid, 22110, Jordan
| | - Jehan Hamadneh
- Department of Obstetrics and Genecology, College of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box, 3030, Irbid, 22110, Jordan
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Aslam R, Sharif F, Baqar M, Nizami AS. Association of human cohorts exposed to blood and urinary biomarkers of PAHs with adult asthma in a South Asian metropolitan city. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:35945-35957. [PMID: 36538227 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-24445-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOCs) are a major global problem that causes the greatest impact on urban settings and have been linked to bronchial asthma in both children and adults in Pakistan. The association between exposure of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and asthma in the adult population is less clear. The current study aimed to assess the clinico-chemical parameters and blood levels of naphthalene phenanthrene, pyrene, and 1,2-benzanthracene and urinary levels of 1-OH pyrene and 1-OH phenanthrene as well as asthma-related biomarkers immunoglobulin E (IgE), resistin, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) of oxidative stress and other hematologic parameters in adults and their relationship with bronchial asthma. The GC/MS analysis showed higher mean concentrations of blood PAHs in asthma respondents (4.48 ± 1.34, 3.46 ± 1.04, 0.10 ± 0.03, and 0.29 ± 0.09) (ng/mL) as compared to controls (3.07 ± 0.92, 1.71 ± 0.51, 0.06 ± 0.02, and 0.11 ± 0.03) (ng/mL), with p = .006, p = .001, p = .050, and p = .001. Similarly, urinary levels of 1-OHpyr and 1-OHphe were significantly increased in adults with bronchial asthma (0.54 ± 0.16; 0.13 ± 0.04) (μmol/mol-Cr) than in controls (0.30 ± 0.09; 0.05 ± 0.02) (μmol/mol-Cr), with p = .002 and p = .0001, respectively, with a significant positive correlation to asthma severity. The asthma-related biomarkers IgE, resistin, and SOD were significantly higher (p 0.0001, 0.0001, and 0.0001) in people with asthma than in control persons. The findings showed that higher blood and urine PAHs levels were linked to higher asthma risk in adults and significant interaction with participants who smoked, had allergies, had a family history of asthma, and were exposed to dust. The current study's findings will be useful to local regulatory agencies in Lahore in terms of managing exposure and advocating efforts to minimize PAH pollution and manage health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabia Aslam
- Sustainable Development Study Centre (SDSC), Government College University, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan.
| | - Faiza Sharif
- Sustainable Development Study Centre (SDSC), Government College University, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Mujtaba Baqar
- Sustainable Development Study Centre (SDSC), Government College University, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan.
| | - Abdul-Sattar Nizami
- Sustainable Development Study Centre (SDSC), Government College University, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
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Domínguez-Romero E, Komprdová K, Kalina J, Bessems J, Karakitsios S, Sarigiannis DA, Scheringer M. Time-trends in human urinary concentrations of phthalates and substitutes DEHT and DINCH in Asian and North American countries (2009-2019). JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE & ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY 2023; 33:244-254. [PMID: 35513587 PMCID: PMC10005949 DOI: 10.1038/s41370-022-00441-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many phthalates are environmental pollutants and toxic to humans. Following phthalate regulations, human exposure to phthalates has globally decreased with time in European countries, the US and Korea. Conversely, exposure to their substitutes DEHT and/or DINCH has increased. In other countries, including China, little is known on the time-trends in human exposure to these plasticizers. OBJECTIVE We aimed to estimate time-trends in the urinary concentrations of phthalates, DEHT, and DINCH metabolites, in general population from non-European countries, in the last decade. METHODS We compiled human biomonitoring (HBM) data from 123 studies worldwide in a database termed "PhthaLit". We analyzed time-trends in the urinary concentrations of the excreted metabolites of various phthalates as well as DEHT and DINCH per metabolite, age group, and country/region, in 2009-2019. Additionally, we compared urinary metabolites levels between continents. RESULTS We found solid time-trends in adults and/or children from the US, Canada, China and Taiwan. DEHP metabolites decreased in the US and Canada. Conversely in Asia, 5oxo- and 5OH-MEHP (DEHP metabolites) increased in Chinese children. For low-weight phthalates, the trends showed a mixed picture between metabolites and countries. Notably, MnBP (a DnBP metabolite) increased in China. The phthalate substitutes DEHT and DINCH markedly increased in the US. SIGNIFICANCE We addressed the major question of time-trends in human exposure to phthalates and their substitutes and compared the results in different countries worldwide. IMPACT Phthalates account for more than 50% of the plasticizer world market. Because of their toxicity, some phthalates have been regulated. In turn, the consumption of non-phthalate substitutes, such as DEHT and DINCH, is growing. Currently, phthalates and their substitutes show high detection percentages in human urine. Concerning time-trends, several studies, mainly in Europe, show a global decrease in phthalate exposure, and an increase in the exposure to phthalate substitutes in the last decade. In this study, we address the important question of time-trends in human exposure to phthalates and their substitutes and compare the results in different countries worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Domínguez-Romero
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, Brno, 611 37, Czech Republic.
| | - Klára Komprdová
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, Brno, 611 37, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Kalina
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, Brno, 611 37, Czech Republic
| | - Jos Bessems
- VITO (Flemish Institute for Technological Research), BE-2400, Mol, Belgium
| | - Spyros Karakitsios
- Aristotle Univ Thessaloniki, Dept Chem Engn, Environm Engn Lab, Univ Campus,Bldg D,Rm 201, Thessaloniki, 54124, Greece
- HERACLES Res Ctr Exposome & Hlth, Ctr Interdisciplinary Res & Innovat, Balkan Ctr, Bldg B,10thkm Thessaloniki Thermi Rd, Thessaloniki, 57001, Greece
| | - Dimosthenis A Sarigiannis
- Aristotle Univ Thessaloniki, Dept Chem Engn, Environm Engn Lab, Univ Campus,Bldg D,Rm 201, Thessaloniki, 54124, Greece
- HERACLES Res Ctr Exposome & Hlth, Ctr Interdisciplinary Res & Innovat, Balkan Ctr, Bldg B,10thkm Thessaloniki Thermi Rd, Thessaloniki, 57001, Greece
- Sch Adv Study IUSS, Sci Technol & Soc Dept, Environm Hlth Engn, Piazza Vittoria 15, I-27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Martin Scheringer
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, Brno, 611 37, Czech Republic
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Grau-Perez M, Domingo-Relloso A, Garcia-Barrera T, Gomez-Ariza JL, Leon-Latre M, Casasnovas JA, Moreno-Franco B, Laclaustra M, Guallar E, Navas-Acien A, Pastor-Barriuso R, Redon J, Tellez-Plaza M. Association of single and joint metals with albuminuria and estimated glomerular filtration longitudinal change in middle-aged adults from Spain: The Aragon workers health study. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 318:120851. [PMID: 36509352 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The nephrotoxicity of low-chronic metal exposures is unclear, especially considering several metals simultaneously. We assessed the individual and joint association of metals with longitudinal change in renal endpoints in Aragon Workers Health Study participants with available measures of essential (cobalt [Co], copper [Cu], molybdenum [Mo] and zinc [Zn]) and non-essential (As, barium [Ba], Cd, chromium [Cr], antimony [Sb], titanium [Ti], uranium [U], vanadium [V] and tungsten [W]) urine metals and albumin-to-creatinine ratio (ACR) (N = 707) and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) (N = 1493) change. Median levels were 0.24, 7.0, 18.6, 295, 3.1, 1.9, 0.28, 1.16, 9.7, 0.66, 0.22 μg/g for Co, Cu, Mo, Zn, As, Ba, Cd, Cr, Sb, Ti, V and W, respectively, and 52.5 and 27.2 ng/g for Sb and U, respectively. In single metal analysis, higher As, Cr and W concentrations were associated with increasing ACR annual change. Higher Zn, As and Cr concentrations were associated with decreasing eGFR annual change. The shape of the longitudinal dose-responses, however, was compatible with a nephrotoxic role for all metals, both in ACR and eGFR models. In joint metal analysis, both higher mixtures of Cu-Zn-As-Ba-Ti-U-V-W and Co-Cd-Cr-Sb-V-W showed associations with increasing ACR and decreasing eGFR annual change. As and Cr were main drivers of the ACR change joint metal association. For the eGFR change joint metal association, while Zn and Cr were main drivers, other metals also contributed substantially. We identified potential interactions for As, Zn and W by other metals with ACR change, but not with eGFR change. Our findings support that Zn, As, Cr and W and suggestively other metals, are nephrotoxic at relatively low exposure levels. Metal exposure reduction and mitigation interventions may improve prevention and decrease the burden of renal disease in the population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Grau-Perez
- Cardiometabolic and Renal Risk Unit, Biomedical Research Institute INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain; Department of Preventive Medicine and Microbiology, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Department of Statistics and Operations Research, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Arce Domingo-Relloso
- Department of Statistics and Operations Research, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain; Department of Chronic Diseases Epidemiology, National Center for Epidemiology, Carlos III Health Institutes, Madrid, Spain; Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Tamara Garcia-Barrera
- Research Center for Natural Resources, Health and the Environment (RENSMA), University of Huelva, Spain
| | - Jose L Gomez-Ariza
- Research Center for Natural Resources, Health and the Environment (RENSMA), University of Huelva, Spain
| | - Montserrat Leon-Latre
- Universidad de Zaragoza, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón e Instituto Aragonés de Ciencias de la Salud, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - J Antonio Casasnovas
- Universidad de Zaragoza, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón e Instituto Aragonés de Ciencias de la Salud, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Belen Moreno-Franco
- Universidad de Zaragoza, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón e Instituto Aragonés de Ciencias de la Salud, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Martin Laclaustra
- Universidad de Zaragoza, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón e Instituto Aragonés de Ciencias de la Salud, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Eliseo Guallar
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ana Navas-Acien
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Roberto Pastor-Barriuso
- Department of Chronic Diseases Epidemiology, National Center for Epidemiology, Carlos III Health Institutes, Madrid, Spain
| | - Josep Redon
- Cardiometabolic and Renal Risk Unit, Biomedical Research Institute INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain; CIBERObn, Carlos III Health Institutes, Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria Tellez-Plaza
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Microbiology, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Department of Chronic Diseases Epidemiology, National Center for Epidemiology, Carlos III Health Institutes, Madrid, Spain
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Mohanto NC, Ito Y, Kato S, Ebara T, Kaneko K, Tsuchiyama T, Sugiura-Ogasawara M, Saitoh S, Kamijima M. Quantitative Measurement of Phthalate Exposure Biomarker Levels in Diaper-Extracted Urine of Japanese Toddlers and Cumulative Risk Assessment: An Adjunct Study of JECS Birth Cohort. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:395-404. [PMID: 36508278 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c04816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Phthalate exposure monitoring and risk assessment in non-toilet-trained children are rarely reported. This adjunct study of the Japan Environment and Children's Study assessed cumulative health risks in 1.5-year-old toddlers in the Aichi regional subcohort by biomonitoring 16 urinary metabolites of eight phthalate plasticizers. Overnight urine was extracted from toddlers' diapers (n = 1077), and metabolites were quantified using ultraperformance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. The analyses' quality was assured by running quality control samples. The highest geometric mean concentration was found for mono-(2-ethyl-5-carboxypentyl) phthalate, followed by mono-isobutyl phthalate (23 and 21 μg/L, respectively). Di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) and di-butyl phthalate exhibited higher risks [hazard quotient (HQ) > 1] than the cutoff level in a small proportion of toddlers; 8 and 14% of toddlers were at cumulative risk of multiple phthalates beyond the cutoff level [hazard index, (HI) > 1], based on the tolerable daily intake of the European Food Safety Authority and the United States Environmental Protection Agency Reference Dose. HI > 1 for antiandrogenicity in creatinine-unadjusted and -adjusted estimations were exhibited by 36 and 23% of the children, respectively. Thus, identifying exposure sources and mitigating exposure are necessary for risk management. Additionally, continuous exposure assessment and evaluation of health outcomes, especially antiandrogenic effects, are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nayan C Mohanto
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 1 Kawasumi, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya467-8601, Japan
| | - Yuki Ito
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 1 Kawasumi, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya467-8601, Japan
| | - Sayaka Kato
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 1 Kawasumi, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya467-8601, Japan
| | - Takeshi Ebara
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 1 Kawasumi, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya467-8601, Japan
| | - Kayo Kaneko
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 1 Kawasumi, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya467-8601, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Tsuchiyama
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 1 Kawasumi, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya467-8601, Japan
| | - Mayumi Sugiura-Ogasawara
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 1 Kawasumi, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya467-8601, Japan
| | - Shinji Saitoh
- Department of Pediatrics and Neonatology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 1 Kawasumi, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya467-8601, Japan
| | - Michihiro Kamijima
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 1 Kawasumi, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya467-8601, Japan
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The health effects of low blood lead level in oxidative stress as a marker, serum gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase level, in male steelworkers. Ann Occup Environ Med 2022; 34:e34. [PMID: 36544886 PMCID: PMC9748142 DOI: 10.35371/aoem.2022.34.e34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study aimed to investigate the association between lead exposure and serum gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (γGT) levels as an oxidative stress marker in male steelworkers. Methods Data were collected during the annual health examination of workers in 2020. A total of 1,654 steelworkers were selected, and the variables for adjustment included the workers' general characteristics, lifestyle, and occupational characteristics. The association between the blood lead level (BLL) and serum γGT level was investigated by multiple linear and logistic regression analyses. The BLL and serum γGT values that were transformed into natural logarithms were used in multiple linear regression analysis, and the tertile of BLL was used in logistic regression analysis. Results The geometric mean of the participants' BLLs and serum γGT level was 1.36 μg/dL and 27.72 IU/L, respectively. Their BLLs differed depending on age, body mass index (BMI), smoking status, drinking status, shift work, and working period, while their serum γGT levels differed depending on age, BMI, smoking status, drinking status, physical activity, and working period. In multiple linear regression analysis, the difference in models 1, 2, and 3 was significant, obtaining 0.326, 0.176, and 0.172 (all: p < 0.001), respectively. In the multiple linear regression analysis stratified according to drinking status, BMI, and age, BLLs were positively associated with serum γGT levels. Regarding the logistic regression analysis, the odds ratio of the third BLL tertile in models 1, 2, and 3 (for having an elevated serum γGT level within the first tertile reference) was 2.74, 1.83, and 1.81, respectively. Conclusions BLL was positively associated with serum γGT levels in male steelworkers even at low lead concentrations (< 5 μg/dL).
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Sabbioni G, Castaño A, Esteban López M, Göen T, Mol H, Riou M, Tagne-Fotso R. Literature review and evaluation of biomarkers, matrices and analytical methods for chemicals selected in the research program Human Biomonitoring for the European Union (HBM4EU). ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2022; 169:107458. [PMID: 36179646 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2022.107458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Humans are potentially exposed to a large amount of chemicals present in the environment and in the workplace. In the European Human Biomonitoring initiative (Human Biomonitoring for the European Union = HBM4EU), acrylamide, mycotoxins (aflatoxin B1, deoxynivalenol, fumonisin B1), diisocyanates (4,4'-methylenediphenyl diisocyanate, 2,4- and 2,6-toluene diisocyanate), and pyrethroids were included among the prioritized chemicals of concern for human health. For the present literature review, the analytical methods used in worldwide biomonitoring studies for these compounds were collected and presented in comprehensive tables, including the following parameter: determined biomarker, matrix, sample amount, work-up procedure, available laboratory quality assurance and quality assessment information, analytical techniques, and limit of detection. Based on the data presented in these tables, the most suitable methods were recommended. According to the paradigm of biomonitoring, the information about two different biomarkers of exposure was evaluated: a) internal dose = parent compounds and metabolites in urine and blood; and b) the biologically effective = dose measured as blood protein adducts. Urine was the preferred matrix used for deoxynivalenol, fumonisin B1, and pyrethroids (biomarkers of internal dose). Markers of the biological effective dose were determined as hemoglobin adducts for diisocyanates and acrylamide, and as serum-albumin-adducts of aflatoxin B1 and diisocyanates. The analyses and quantitation of the protein adducts in blood or the metabolites in urine were mostly performed with LC-MS/MS or GC-MS in the presence of isotope-labeled internal standards. This review also addresses the critical aspects of the application, use and selection of biomarkers. For future biomonitoring studies, a more comprehensive approach is discussed to broaden the selection of compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Sabbioni
- Università della Svizzera Italiana (USI), Research and Transfer Service, Lugano, Switzerland; Institute of Environmental and Occupational Toxicology, Airolo, Switzerland; Walther-Straub-Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany.
| | - Argelia Castaño
- National Centre for Environmental Health, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Majadahonda, Spain.
| | - Marta Esteban López
- National Centre for Environmental Health, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Majadahonda, Spain.
| | - Thomas Göen
- Institute and Outpatient Clinic of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (IPASUM), Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Hans Mol
- Wageningen Food Safety Research, Part of Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Margaux Riou
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Santé publique France, The National Public Health Agency, Saint-Maurice, France.
| | - Romuald Tagne-Fotso
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Santé publique France, The National Public Health Agency, Saint-Maurice, France.
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Wu B, Qu Y, Lu Y, Ji S, Ding L, Li Z, Zhang M, Gu H, Sun Q, Ying B, Zhao F, Zheng X, Qiu Y, Zhang Z, Zhu Y, Cao Z, Lv Y, Shi X. Mercury may reduce the protective effect of sea fish consumption on serum triglycerides levels in Chinese adults: Evidence from China National Human Biomonitoring. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 311:119904. [PMID: 35961572 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Sea fish contain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (omega-3 PUFAs) which have been found to reduce triglyceride (TG) levels. However, sea fish may contain pollutants such as mercury which cause oxidative stress and increase TG levels. Therefore, the relationship between sea fish and TG remains unclear. We aimed to explore whether blood mercury (BHg) can affect the effect of sea fish consumption frequency on TG level among Chinese adults. A total of 10,780 participants were included in this study. BHg levels were measured using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The associations of sea fish consumption frequency with BHg and TG levels as well as the association of BHg with TG levels were evaluated using multiple linear regression. Causal mediation analysis was used to evaluate the mediation effect of BHg levels on the association of sea fish consumption frequency with TG levels. The frequency of sea fish consumption showed a negative association with TG level. Compared with the participants who never ate sea fish, the TG level decreased by 0.193 mmol/L in those who ate sea fish once a week or more [β (95%CI): -0.193 (-0.370, -0.015)]. Significant positive associations were observed of BHg with TG levels. With one unit increase of log2-transformed BHg, the change of TG level was 0.030 mmol/L [0.030 (0.009, 0.051)]. The association between sea fish consumption and TG was mediated by log2-transformed BHg [total effect = -0.037 (-0.074, -0.001); indirect effect = 0.009 (0.004, 0.015)], and the proportion mediated by log2-transformed BHg was 24.25%. BHg may reduce the beneficial effect of sea fish consumption frequency on TG levels among Chinese adults. Overall, sea fish consumption has more benefits than harms to TG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Wu
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China; Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yingli Qu
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Yifu Lu
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Saisai Ji
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Liang Ding
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Zheng Li
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Miao Zhang
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Heng Gu
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Sun
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Ying
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Zhao
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Xulin Zheng
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China; Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yidan Qiu
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China; Department of Big Data in Health Science, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zheng Zhang
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China; Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ying Zhu
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Zhaojin Cao
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Yuebin Lv
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoming Shi
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China; Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
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Oleko A, Pecheux M, Saoudi A, Zeghnoun A, Hulin M, Le Barbier M, Menard C, Denys S, Fillol C. Estimation of blood lead levels in the French population using two complementary approaches: Esteban (2014-2016) as part of the human biomonitoring program and the national surveillance system for childhood lead poisoning (2015-2018). ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 213:113630. [PMID: 35679905 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.113630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Used widely for centuries, lead is a common environmental pollutant. As a cumulative toxic, its presence in the body is always evidence of exposure, and health effects occur without threshold. Though regulated by European directives, lead requires close monitoring due to its environmental persistence and toxicity. METHODS The first data source was the French surveillance system for monitoring childhood lead poisoning, which records the screening results of children (-18 years), providing data on their temporal and geographical distribution, characteristics, and risk factors. The second data source was Esteban, a cross-sectional study conducted in 2014-2016 on a random sample of the French population as part of the human biomonitoring program. The Esteban lead study concerns 904 children (6-17 years) and 999 adults (18-74 years), providing data on biological samples, sociodemographic characteristics, occupational exposure, environmental and dietary factors. RESULTS The surveillance system highlighted that lead poisoning affected 10% of children screened between 2015 and 2018. The main risk factor remains housing. Esteban confirmed this observation, finding a general mean of blood lead level (BLL) at 9.9 and 18.5 μg/L for children and adults, respectively. In children, parents' occupation increased BLLs. In adults, the greatest exposure factors were smoking, age, place of residence, alcohol, bread-based products, and homegrown livestock products. In both, drinking tap water and year of housing construction increased BLLs. CONCLUSIONS The surveillance system showed a high number of children with lead poisoning despite the implementation of prevention measures, which mainly concern lead paints in old and degraded homes. To help identify children at risk, healthcare providers need to know about exposure from housing and the emerging sources identified in the Esteban survey. Despite lower BLLs, the well-known risk factors of lead exposure persist, meaning prevention efforts must continue in order to limit their impact on the population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amivi Oleko
- Santé Publique France, French Public Health Agency, 12 Rue du Val d'Osne, 94415, Saint Maurice Cedex, France.
| | - Marie Pecheux
- Santé Publique France, French Public Health Agency, 12 Rue du Val d'Osne, 94415, Saint Maurice Cedex, France
| | - Abdesattar Saoudi
- Santé Publique France, French Public Health Agency, 12 Rue du Val d'Osne, 94415, Saint Maurice Cedex, France
| | - Abdelkrim Zeghnoun
- Santé Publique France, French Public Health Agency, 12 Rue du Val d'Osne, 94415, Saint Maurice Cedex, France
| | - Marion Hulin
- Santé Publique France, French Public Health Agency, 12 Rue du Val d'Osne, 94415, Saint Maurice Cedex, France
| | - Mélina Le Barbier
- Santé Publique France, French Public Health Agency, 12 Rue du Val d'Osne, 94415, Saint Maurice Cedex, France
| | - Céline Menard
- Santé Publique France, French Public Health Agency, 12 Rue du Val d'Osne, 94415, Saint Maurice Cedex, France
| | - Sébastien Denys
- Santé Publique France, French Public Health Agency, 12 Rue du Val d'Osne, 94415, Saint Maurice Cedex, France
| | - Clémence Fillol
- Santé Publique France, French Public Health Agency, 12 Rue du Val d'Osne, 94415, Saint Maurice Cedex, France
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Liu S, Yang R, Yang Q, He G, Chen B, Dong R. The independent and interactive effects of phthalates exposure and hypertension on the indicators of early renal injury in US adults: Evidence from NHANES 2001-2004. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 213:113733. [PMID: 35750123 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.113733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The association between phthalates and early renal injury is largely unknown in adults. We aim to explore the associations of phthalates and hypertension with early renal injury, and the interactive effects of phthalate and hypertension on the early renal injury. This study enrolled 3283 U.S. adults from NHANES 2001-2004. We detected nine phthalate metabolites in spot urine. We also measured the multiple indicators of early renal injury, including albumin-to-creatinine (Cr) ratio (ACR), β2-microglobulin (B2M), cystatin C (CYST), and calculated the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), including Cr-based eGFR, CYST-based eGFR, and Cr-CYST-based eGFR. Multiple linear regression and multivariable logistic regression were used to explore the associations among urinary phthalate metabolites, hypertension, and the indicators of early renal injury. The results showed that monobenzyl phthalate (MBzP), mono (3-carboxypropyl) phthalate (MCPP), and mono (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP) were positively associated with ACR, B2M, CYST and negatively associated with three eGFR. Mono(2-ethyl-5-oxohexyl) phthalate (MEOHP) was positively associated with ACR, with a β value of 0.099 (95% CI: 0.046, 0.152). Meanwhile, MEHP was associated with a higher risk of ACR abnormality, with an OR value of 1.258 (95% CI: 1.067, 1.482). MBzP, MCPP, and MEOHP increased the risks of ACR, B2M, CYST, and eGFR abnormality. Hypertension was positively associated with ACR, with a β value of 0.460 (95% CI: 0.360, 0.561). We also found interactive effects of monoethyl phthalate (MEP), MCPP, MBzP, monobutyl phthalate (MnBP), and hypertension on B2M, CYST, and three kinds of eGFR. Our results indicated that certain phthalate metabolites might contribute to increased risks of early renal injury. The hypertension population may be more sensitive to the early renal injury caused by phthalates exposure than the non-hypertension population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaojie Liu
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Ruoru Yang
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Qifan Yang
- Chemical Laboratory, Jing'an District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, 200041, China
| | - Gengsheng He
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Bo Chen
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Ruihua Dong
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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Nguyen HD, Kim MS. Cadmium, lead, and mercury mixtures interact with non-alcoholic fatty liver diseases. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 309:119780. [PMID: 35841990 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 06/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
There is a scarcity of studies on the interactions between heavy metals and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Using a variety of statistical approaches, we investigated the impact of three common heavy metals on liver enzymes and NAFLD markers in a Korean adult population. We observed that cadmium, mercury, and lead all demonstrated positive correlations with liver enzymes and NAFLD indices. Our findings were mostly robust in secondary analysis, which included three novel mixture modeling approaches (WQS, qgcomp, and BKMR) as well as in silico investigation of molecular mechanisms (genes, miRNAs, biological processes, pathways, and illnesses). The 16 genes interacted with a mixture of heavy metals, which was linked to the development of NAFLD. Co-expression was discovered in nearly half of the interactions between the 18 NAFLD-linked genes. Key molecular pathways implicated in the pathogenesis of NAFLD generated by the heavy metal combination include activated oxidative stress, altered lipid metabolism, and increased cytokines and inflammatory response. Heavy metal exposure levels were related to liver enzymes and NAFLD indices, and cutoff criteria were revealed. More studies are needed to validate our findings and gain knowledge about the effects of chronic combined heavy metal exposure on adult and child liver function and the likelihood of developing NAFLD. To reduce the occurrence of NAFLD, early preventative and regulatory actions (half-yearly screening of workers at high-risk facilities; water filtration; avoiding excessive amounts of seafood, etc.) should be taken.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Duc Nguyen
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sunchon National University, Sunchon, Jeonnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Sun Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sunchon National University, Sunchon, Jeonnam, Republic of Korea.
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Kim MJ, Choi S, Kim S, Lee I, Moon MK, Choi K, Park J, Cho YH, Kwon YM, Yoo J, Cheon GJ, Park YJ. Sex, menopause, and age differences in the associations of persistent organic pollutants with thyroid hormones, thyroxine-binding globulin, and peripheral deiodinase activity: A cross-sectional study of the general Korean adult population. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 212:113143. [PMID: 35364044 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.113143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) can disrupt the thyroid hormone system in humans. We assessed the associations of several POPs with serum thyroid hormones (T3 and T4) and thyroid-stimulating hormone, and investigated the modulating effects of sex, menopausal status, and age on these associations, in a subgroup of the adult population (n = 1250) from the Korean National Environmental Health Survey. PCB105 and PCB118 were negatively associated with total T4 in premenopausal females and males aged <50, whereas the associations were insignificant in other groups. PCB180, p,p'-DDE, and p,p'-DDT showed positive associations with total T3 in postmenopausal females; however, among males aged ≥50, PCB118, PCB138, and p,p'-DDE showed negative associations with total T3. The effects of exposure to multiple POPs were examined in multi-factor analyses. Factor 2 comprised PCB52, hexachlorobenzene, and BDE-47 was associated with an increase in free T4 in premenopausal females (β = 0.015, p = 0.024), while Factor 1, which contained most POPs, was associated with a change in total T3 in postmenopausal females (β = 0.032, p = 0.040) and males aged ≥50 (β = -0.039, p = 0.023). Changes in total T4 or total T3 could be explained by differences in thyroxine-binding globulin (TBG) and peripheral deiodinase activity (GD). Negative associations of TBG with PCB105 in premenopausal females and PCB153 in males aged <50 may mediate the effect of decreasing total T4. PCB180, p,p'-DDE, p,p'-DDT, and Factor 1 were positively associated with GD, which is consistent with an increased total T3 in postmenopausal females. PCB118 was negatively associated with GD and total T3 in males aged ≥50. BDE-47 and β-hexachlorocyclohexane were associated with thyroid autoantibodies in premenopausal females and males aged <50. Our observations suggest that the thyroid-disrupting effects of POPs may differ by sex, sex hormonal status, and age, and may be mediated by TBG and GD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Joo Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Seoul National University Hospital Healthcare System Gangnam Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sohyeon Choi
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunmi Kim
- Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Chemical Safety Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Inae Lee
- Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Kyong Moon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungho Choi
- Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeongim Park
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Hee Cho
- Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, USA
| | - Young Min Kwon
- Environmental Health Research Division, National Institute of Environmental Research, Ministry of Environment, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiyoung Yoo
- Environmental Health Research Division, National Institute of Environmental Research, Ministry of Environment, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Gi Jeong Cheon
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Joo Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Republic of Korea.
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Zhong Q, Li Y, Mei X, Li J, Huang Y. Assessment of passive human exposure to tobacco smoke by environmental and biological monitoring in different public places in Wuhan, central China. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2022; 244:114008. [PMID: 35870316 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2022.114008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Passive exposure to tobacco smoke is a global public health problem, while there are few data on public place monitoring and general population exposure assessment in central China. This study aimed to examine the levels of airborne nicotine (n = 256) in ten kinds of different public places in Wuhan, central China, and assess short-term and long-term smoke exposure in 340 non-smokers aged 18-67 who worked in these public places using tobacco biomarkers [i.e., cotinine and 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol (NNAL), respectively]. The highest median concentration of airborne nicotine (17.0 μg/m3) was observed in internet cafes, approximately 304-fold of the lowest value found in nurseries (55.9 ng/m3). Among the other studied public places, restaurants had the highest median concentrations (ng/m3) of airborne nicotine (3,120), followed by subway stations (810), hotels (624), government officess (286), middle schools (269), health institutions (268), public institutions (190), and primary schools (140). Urinary cotinine and NNAL were found in almost all the participants, and the highest concentrations were found in non-smokers from the internet cafes [specific gravity (SG)-corrected urinary median concentrations: 23.1 ng/mL, geometric mean (GM): 24.1 ng/mL, range: 0.62-1679 ng/mL] for cotinine and 104 pg/mL (GM: 97.6 pg/mL, range: 32.3-236 pg/mL) for NNAL, respectively]. Urinary cotinine concentrations in male non-smokers (median: 2.02 ng/mL) were significantly higher than those in female non-smokers (1.44) (P < 0.01). Participants aged 18-27 were detected with the highest urinary cotinine and NNAL concentrations. Urinary cotinine and NNAL concentrations were significantly correlated with daily and monthly working hours, respectively. Besides, a positive correlation was observed between log-transformed urinary concentrations of cotinine and NNAL (r = 0.32, P < 0.001). This is the first time to report matched data on airborne nicotine and urinary cotinine/NNAL among employees in different public places. This study demonstrated ubiquitous exposure to environmental tobacco smoke in the studied public places.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Zhong
- Institute of Health Education, Wuhan Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan, Hubei, 430024, PR China
| | - Yilin Li
- Institute of Health Education, Wuhan Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan, Hubei, 430024, PR China
| | - Xin Mei
- Institute of Health Education, Wuhan Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan, Hubei, 430024, PR China
| | - Junlin Li
- Institute of Health Education, Wuhan Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan, Hubei, 430024, PR China.
| | - Yuanxia Huang
- Institute of Health Education, Wuhan Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan, Hubei, 430024, PR China.
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Bartel-Steinbach M, Lermen D, Gwinner F, Schäfer M, Göen T, Conrad A, Weber T, von Briesen H, Kolossa-Gehring M. Long-term monitoring of mercury in young German adults: Time trend analyses from the German Environmental Specimen Bank, 1995-2018. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 207:112592. [PMID: 34973943 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.112592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
As highlighted in the Minamata Convention, Mercury (Hg) in its various forms poses a substantial risk to human health and the environment. The health relevance of Hg is also recognized by the European Human Biomonitoring Initiative (HBM4EU), which classifies Hg as a priority substance, since considerable knowledge and data gaps on Hg exposure levels and their changes over time still exist in Europe. The German Environmental Specimen Bank (German ESB) provides valuable policy relevant data and long-term trends of substance exposure on a national level for international comparison and evaluation. In this study we analysed data of the German ESB on Hg exposure of young adults aged 20 to 29 including data on urinary Hg levels from 1995 to 2018 and whole blood Hg levels from 2001 to 2010. Results show a clear decrease in both, about 86% in urine total daily Hg excretion from 1995 (0.76 μg/L) to 2018 (0.11 μg/L) (n = 10,069) and about 57% in blood concentrations of Hg from 2001 (1.76 μg/L) to 2010 (0.77 μg/L) (n = 4085). Over the investigated timeframe only a few values exceeded the toxicologically derived health based guidance value HBM I for blood and urine, with these exceedances decreasing over time in line with the general trend. The factors mostly influencing Hg excretion identified in this study are dental amalgam as well as fish and seafood consumption. Besides other factors (e.g. age and sex), also airborne Hg exposure appears to be a low but evident influencing factor in Germany. Although a considerable decrease in internal Hg exposure is recognized in the last decades, the current low-level exposure may cause adverse health effects especially to vulnerable groups such as pregnant women and children. To further elucidate and evaluate current exposure sources and to reduce human exposure to Hg, continuous environmental and human biomonitoring is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dominik Lermen
- Fraunhofer Institute for Biomedical Engineering IBMT, Sulzbach, Germany
| | - Frederik Gwinner
- Fraunhofer Institute for Biomedical Engineering IBMT, Sulzbach, Germany
| | - Moritz Schäfer
- Institute and Outpatient Clinic of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Thomas Göen
- Institute and Outpatient Clinic of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - André Conrad
- German Environment Agency (Umweltbundesamt), Berlin, Germany
| | - Till Weber
- German Environment Agency (Umweltbundesamt), Berlin, Germany
| | - Hagen von Briesen
- Fraunhofer Institute for Biomedical Engineering IBMT, Sulzbach, Germany
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Yoon H, Kim TH, Lee BC, Lee B, Kim P, Shin BS, Choi J. Comparison of the exposure assessment of di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate between the PBPK model-based reverse dosimetry and scenario-based analysis: A Korean general population study. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 294:133549. [PMID: 35066077 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.133549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), classified as a reproductive toxicant, is a ubiquitous pollutant in foodstuffs, dust, and commercial products. In this study, to provide a useful cross-check on the accuracy of the exposure assessment, the estimated daily intake of DEHP was compared using reverse dosimetry with a physiologically-based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model and a scenario-based probabilistic estimation model for six subpopulations in Korea. For reverse dosimetry analysis, the concentrations of urinary DEHP metabolites, namely mono (2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl) phthalate (MEHHP) and mono (2-ethyl-5-oxohexyl)phthalate (MEOHP), from three human biomonitoring program datasets were used. For the scenario-based model, we evaluated the various exposure sources of DEHP, including diet, air, indoor dust, soil, and personal care products (PCPs), and also determined its levels based on the literature review and measurements of indoor dust. The DEHP exposure doses using both exposure assessment approaches were similar in all cases, except for the 95th percentile exposure doses in toddlers (1-2 years) and young children (3-6 years). The PBPK-reverse dosimetry estimated daily intakes at the 95th percentile ranged between 22.53 and 29.90 μg/kg/day for toddlers and young children. These exceeded the reference dose (RfD) of 20 μg/kg bw/day of the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) based on the increased relative liver weight. Although, food was considered the primary source of DEHP, contributing to a total exposure of 50.8-75.1%, the effect of exposure to indoor dust should not be overlooked. The occurrence of high levels of DEHP in indoor dust collected from Korean homes suggests the use of a wide variety of consumer products containing DEHP. Furthermore, more attention should be paid to the high exposure levels of DEHP, especially in young children. Therefore, it is necessary to perform continuous monitoring of the indoor dust, consumer products, and the body burden of children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyojung Yoon
- Environmental Health Research Division, National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon, Republic of Korea; School of Environmental Engineering, University of Seoul, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Hwan Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Catholic University of Daegu, Gyeongsan-si, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Byoung-Cheun Lee
- Environmental Health Research Division, National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Byeongwoo Lee
- Environmental Health Research Division, National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Pilje Kim
- Environmental Health Research Division, National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Beom Soo Shin
- College of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinhee Choi
- School of Environmental Engineering, University of Seoul, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Hwang M, Choi K, Park C. Urinary levels of phthalate, bisphenol, and paraben and allergic outcomes in children: Korean National Environmental Health Survey 2015-2017. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 818:151703. [PMID: 34798094 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phthalates, bisphenols and parabens have been widely used in household and personal-care products. Their endocrine disrupting, sensitizing and antimicrobial properties might play a role in the occurrence of allergic diseases. However, the effects of these chemicals, particularly on humans, are relatively underexplored. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to report the concentrations of phthalate, bisphenol and paraben in urine of Korean children, and assess their relationship with allergic outcomes. METHODS Data obtained from nationally representative Korean children, a total of 1458 children between 3 and 11 years of age recruited in the Korean National Environmental Health Survey (3 rd round of KoNEHS 2015-2017), were analyzed. Associations of urinary phthalate metabolites, bisphenols, and parabens levels with atopic dermatitis and allergic rhinitis was examined by grouped into preschool (aged 3-5 years) and school children (aged 6-11 years). Allergic outcomes were obtained through questionnaires answered by their caregivers. RESULTS Atopic dermatitis was associated with urinary metabolites of DEHP, BzBP, DINP, and DIDP, and MeP and PrP in preschool children, BPA and PrP in school children. Allergic rhinitis was associated with MeP and PrP in preschool children, and metabolites of DEHP, MeP and PrP in school children. The association of urinary chemicals with atopic dermatitis and allergic rhinitis were different by gender, especially in preschool children. CONCLUSION Urinary phthalates, BPA and parabens levels in the Korean children were related with atopic dermatitis and allergic rhinitis. Considering the importance of allergic diseases in children, the public health implications of exposure to these chemicals warrant further studies. Given the cross-sectional design and confounding variables, the results of this study should be interpreted with caution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moonyoung Hwang
- Environmental Health Research Division, National Institute of Environmental Research, Ministry of Environment, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Kyungho Choi
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Choonghee Park
- Environmental Health Research Division, National Institute of Environmental Research, Ministry of Environment, Incheon, South Korea.
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Moon MK, Lee I, Lee A, Park H, Kim MJ, Kim S, Cho YH, Hong S, Yoo J, Cheon GJ, Choi K, Park YJ, Park J. Lead, mercury, and cadmium exposures are associated with obesity but not with diabetes mellitus: Korean National Environmental Health Survey (KoNEHS) 2015-2017. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 204:111888. [PMID: 34403664 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Associations of heavy metal exposures with obesity and obesity-related traits have been suggested, while those with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and diabetes mellitus (DM) are often inconsistent. METHODS This study included 3787 adults aged ≥19 years who participated in the Korean National Environmental Health Survey 2015-2017, and investigated the association of toxic heavy metals with metabolic diseases. Lead (Pb), mercury (Hg), and cadmium (Cd) were measured either in urine (uHg, uCd) or total blood (bPb, bHg). Body mass index (BMI) was calculated, and DM cases were identified through a self-answered medication history. Hepatic Steatosis Index (HSI) as a surrogating index of NAFLD, was calculated using hepatic enzyme measurements, including aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT). RESULTS Adults in the highest quartile of bPb, bHg, and uHg showed significantly elevated odds of obesity (BMI ≥25 kg/m2), compared to the lowest quartile (OR 1.58 for bPb, 1.92 for bHg, and 1.81 for uHg). HSI was positively correlated with bHg, uHg, and uCd concentrations. The odds of NAFLD (HSI ≥36) were also increased with increasing quartile of bHg, uHg, and uCd concentrations. For DM, bPb showed a significant negative association, while bHg and uCd exhibited non-monotonic and inconclusive associations. CONCLUSIONS Among the general adult population of Korea, both Pb and Hg exposures were associated with an increased risk of obesity. In addition, both Hg and Cd exposures were associated with increased odds of NAFLD. These metals, however, were not associated with an increased risk of DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Kyong Moon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Inae Lee
- School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Aram Lee
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, South Korea
| | - Hyunwoong Park
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Joo Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Seoul National University Hospital Healthcare System Gangnam Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunmi Kim
- School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea; Chemical Safety Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Yoon Hee Cho
- Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, USA
| | - Sooyeon Hong
- Environmental Health Research Division, National Institute of Environmental Research, Ministry of Environment, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiyoung Yoo
- Environmental Health Research Division, National Institute of Environmental Research, Ministry of Environment, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Gi Jeong Cheon
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kyungho Choi
- School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Young Joo Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jeongim Park
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, South Korea.
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Ha EK, Kim JH, Park D, Lee E, Lee SW, Jee HM, Shin YH, Han MY. Personal Exposure to Total VOC Is Associated With Symptoms of Atopic Dermatitis in Schoolchildren. J Korean Med Sci 2022; 37:e63. [PMID: 35226421 PMCID: PMC8885456 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2022.37.e63] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The urinary levels of volatile organic compound (VOC) metabolites provide individual exposure levels compared to data obtained by measuring these compounds in ambient air. We aimed to investigate the association between personal urinary concentrations of VOC metabolites and symptoms of atopic dermatitis in schoolchildren. METHODS Nine urinary VOC metabolites were analyzed from urine samples of 149 children. Diagnosis of atopic dermatitis was determined using standardized questionnaires. Pediatricians visited the schools and rated the severity of symptoms using the SCORing Atopic Dermatitis (SCORAD) in all children. RESULTS Forty-five children (30.2%) had atopic dermatitis based on the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) results and 35 children (23.8%) had symptoms of atopic dermatitis with positive SCORAD index values (defined as SCORAD ≥ 5). Children with benzylmercapturic acid detected in personal urines were associated with presence of atopic dermatitis and positive SCORAD index values. Children in the highest quartile of mandelic acid concentration were associated with presence of atopic dermatitis and positive SCORAD results. CONCLUSION Personal exposure to VOCs, as indicated by urinary levels of VOC metabolites, was associated with presence of atopic dermatitis and the SCORAD index value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Kyo Ha
- Department of Pediatrics, Hallym University Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ju Hee Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Hallym University Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dawon Park
- Department of Pediatrics, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Eun Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Chonnam National University Hospital, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Seung Won Lee
- Department of Data Science, Sejong University College of Software Convergence, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Precision Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University School of medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Hye Mi Jee
- Department of Pediatrics, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Youn Ho Shin
- Department of Pediatrics, CHA Gangnam Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Man Yong Han
- Department of Pediatrics, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea.
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Jung SK, Choi W, Kim SY, Hong S, Jeon HL, Joo Y, Lee C, Choi K, Kim S, Lee KJ, Yoo J. Profile of Environmental Chemicals in the Korean Population-Results of the Korean National Environmental Health Survey (KoNEHS) Cycle 3, 2015-2017. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19020626. [PMID: 35055445 PMCID: PMC8776061 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19020626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The Korean National Environmental Health Survey (KoNEHS) program provides useful information on chemical exposure, serves as the basis for environmental health policies, and suggests appropriate measures to protect public health. Initiated on a three-year cycle in 2009, it reports the concentrations of major environmental chemicals among the representative Korean population. KoNEHS Cycle 3 introduced children and adolescents into the analysis, where the blood and urine samples of 6167 participants were measured for major metals, phthalates, phenolics, and other organic compounds. Lead, mercury, cadmium, metabolites of DEHP and DnBP, and 3-phenoxybenzoic acid levels of the Korean adult population tended to decrease compared to previous survey cycles but remained higher than those observed in the US or Canada. Both bisphenol A (BPA) and trans,trans-muconic acid concentrations have increased over time. Heavy metal concentrations (blood lead, and cadmium) in children and adolescents were approximately half that of adults, while some organic substances (e.g., phthalates and BPA) were high. BPA showed higher levels than in the US or Canada, whereas BPF and BPS showed lower detection rates in this cycle; however, as these are increasingly used as a substitute for BPA, further research is necessary. As environmental chemicals may affect childhood health and development, additional analyses should assess exposure sources and routes through continuous observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun Kyoung Jung
- Environmental Health Research Division, National Institute of Environmental Research, Ministry of Environment, Incheon 22689, Korea; (S.K.J.); (S.Y.K.); (S.H.); (H.L.J.); (Y.J.); (C.L.)
- Graduate School of Urban Public Health, University of Seoul, Seoul 02504, Korea
| | - Wookhee Choi
- Monitoring and Analysis Division, Wonju Regional Environmental Office, Ministry of Environment, Wonju 26461, Korea;
| | - Sung Yeon Kim
- Environmental Health Research Division, National Institute of Environmental Research, Ministry of Environment, Incheon 22689, Korea; (S.K.J.); (S.Y.K.); (S.H.); (H.L.J.); (Y.J.); (C.L.)
| | - Sooyeon Hong
- Environmental Health Research Division, National Institute of Environmental Research, Ministry of Environment, Incheon 22689, Korea; (S.K.J.); (S.Y.K.); (S.H.); (H.L.J.); (Y.J.); (C.L.)
| | - Hye Li Jeon
- Environmental Health Research Division, National Institute of Environmental Research, Ministry of Environment, Incheon 22689, Korea; (S.K.J.); (S.Y.K.); (S.H.); (H.L.J.); (Y.J.); (C.L.)
| | - Youngkyung Joo
- Environmental Health Research Division, National Institute of Environmental Research, Ministry of Environment, Incheon 22689, Korea; (S.K.J.); (S.Y.K.); (S.H.); (H.L.J.); (Y.J.); (C.L.)
| | - Chulwoo Lee
- Environmental Health Research Division, National Institute of Environmental Research, Ministry of Environment, Incheon 22689, Korea; (S.K.J.); (S.Y.K.); (S.H.); (H.L.J.); (Y.J.); (C.L.)
| | - Kyungho Choi
- Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (K.C.); (S.K.)
| | - Sungkyoon Kim
- Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (K.C.); (S.K.)
| | - Kee-Jae Lee
- Department of Information Statistics and Data Science, College of Natural Science, Korea National Open University, Seoul 03087, Korea;
| | - Jiyoung Yoo
- Environmental Health Research Division, National Institute of Environmental Research, Ministry of Environment, Incheon 22689, Korea; (S.K.J.); (S.Y.K.); (S.H.); (H.L.J.); (Y.J.); (C.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-32-560-7103
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Al-Saleh I. The relationship between urinary phthalate metabolites and polycystic ovary syndrome in women undergoing in vitro fertilization: Nested case-control study. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 286:131495. [PMID: 34293567 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Certain endocrine disruptor chemicals are involved in the pathogenesis of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), a hormonal disease related to infertility in women. Phthalates are the most common plasticizers found in several consumer products. Experimental and epidemiologic evidence suggests that some phthalates disrupt endocrine functions in reproductive mechanisms and development. We previously measured the levels of eight phthalate metabolites in the urine of 599 Saudi women who underwent in vitro fertilization (IVF) treatment and were enrolled in a prospective study (2015-2017). The current nested case-control study aimed to determine the association between urinary levels of phthalate metabolites and PCOS. Overall, 441 women from the IVF study were identified as eligible for this study. Women in the case group included those diagnosed with PCOS (N = 82). The control group comprised those unable to conceive due to male azoospermia or who underwent preimplantation genetic diagnosis (N = 359). Most urinary phthalate metabolite levels were several-fold higher than those reported in national surveys from other countries. The ratio of luteinizing hormone to follicle-stimulating hormone, an index of PCOS, was significantly higher in the case than in the control group, with no indication of its association with phthalate metabolites. The logistic regression model was applied after adjusting for confounders to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for each metabolite modeled as a natural logarithm (ln). For each ln-unit increase in the sum of the four di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (∑4DEHP) metabolites as well as two individual metabolites, mono-(2-ethyl-5-oxohexyl) phthalate and mono-(2-ethyl-5-carboxypentyl) phthalate, the odds of PCOS increased by 40.5% [OR = 1.405 (95% CI: 1.025, 1.925)], 41.1% [OR = 1.055 (95% CI: 1.055, 1.885)], and 38.6% [OR = 1.386 (95% CI: 1.033, 1.86)], respectively. In contrast, the % odds of PCOS decreased marginally significantly by 44% [OR = 0.560 (95% CI: 0.313, 1.002)] with an ln-unit increase of %MEHP4, the ratio of mono-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate to ∑4DEHP. These findings suggest that DEHP may contribute to PCOS, and further investigation is required to understand the underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iman Al-Saleh
- Environmental Health Program, Research Centre, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, PO Box: 3354, Riyadh, 11211, Saudi Arabia.
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Zhang YJ, Guo JL, Xue JC, Bai CL, Guo Y. Phthalate metabolites: Characterization, toxicities, global distribution, and exposure assessment. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 291:118106. [PMID: 34520948 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.118106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Phthalates are plasticizers in various products and regarded as endocrine disruptors due to their anti-androgen effects. Environmental occurrence and toxicities of parent phthalates have been widely reported, while the current state of knowledge on their metabolites is rarely summarized. Based on the available literature, the present review mainly aims to 1) characterize the potential metabolites of phthalates (mPAEs) using the pharmacokinetics evidences acquired via animal or human models; 2) examine the molecular and cellular mechanism involved in toxicity for mPAEs; 3) investigate the exposure levels of mPAEs in different human specimens (e.g., urine, blood, seminal fluid, breast milk, amniotic fluid and others) across the globe; 4) discuss the models and related parameters for phthalate exposure assessment. We suggest there is subtle difference in toxic mechanisms for mPAEs compared to their parent phthalates due to their alternative chemical structures. Human monitoring studies performed in Asia, America and Europe have provided the population exposure baseline levels for typical phthalates in different regions. Urine is the preferred matrix than other specimens for phthalate exposure study. Among ten urinary mPAEs, the largest proportions of di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) metabolites (40%), monoethyl phthalate (mEP) (43%) and DEHP metabolites/mEP (both 29%) were observed in Asia, America and Europe respectively, and mono-5-carboxy-2-ethypentyl phthalate was the most abundant compounds among DEHP metabolites. Daily intakes of phthalates can be accurately calculated via urinary mPAEs if the proper exposure parameters were determined. Further work should focus on combining epidemiological and biological evidences to establish links between phthalates exposure and biological phenotypes. More accurate molar fractions (FUE) of the urinary excreted monoester related to the ingested diesters should be collected in epidemiological or pharmacokinetic studies for different population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Jie Zhang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Jia-Liang Guo
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Jing-Chuan Xue
- Key Laboratory for City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Environmental and Ecological Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Cui-Lan Bai
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Ying Guo
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
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Exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and volatile organic compounds is associated with a risk of obesity and diabetes mellitus among Korean adults: Korean National Environmental Health Survey (KoNEHS) 2015-2017. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2021; 240:113886. [PMID: 34864598 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2021.113886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Environmental pollutants have been known to increase the risks of not only respiratory and cardiovascular disease but also metabolic diseases such as obesity and diabetes mellitus (DM). Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) such as benzene and toluene are major constituents of environmental pollution. In the present study, we employed the population of the Korean National Environmental Health Survey (KoNEHS) Cycle 3 conducted between 2015 and 2017, and assessed the associations of urinary biomarkers for PAHs and VOCs exposure with obesity and DM. A total of 3787 adult participants were included and the urinary concentrations of four PAH metabolites and two VOC metabolites were measured. For correcting urine dilution, a covariate-adjusted standardization method was used. The highest quartiles of urinary 2-hydroxynaphthalene (2-NAP) [OR (95% confidence interval (CI)) = 1.46 (1.13, 1.87)] and sum of PAH metabolites [OR (95% CI) = 1.45 (1.13, 1.87)] concentrations were associated with a higher risk of obesity [body mass index (BMI)≥25 kg/m2]. BMI was positively associated with urinary 2-NAP [β (95% CI) = 0.25 (0.09, 0.41), p = 0.003] and sum of PAH metabolites [β (95% CI) = 0.29 (0.08, 0.49), p = 0.006] concentrations. The risk of DM was increased with increasing quartile of 2-hydroxyfluorene (2-OHFlu) and trans, trans-muconic acid (t,t-MA) (p for trend<0.05 and < 0.001, respectively). The highest quartile of t,t-MA showed a significantly higher risk of DM [OR (95% CI) = 2.77 (1.74, 4.42)] and obesity [OR (95% CI) = 1.42 (1.06, 1.90)]. Urinary t,t,-MA level was positively associated with BMI [(β (95% CI) = 0.51 (0.31, 0.71), p < 0.001] and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease index [(β (95% CI) = 0.09 (0.06, 0.12), p < 0.001]. In conclusion, the benzene metabolites t,t-MA and PAH metabolite 2-OHFlu were associated with an increased risk of DM. Urinary biomarkers for PAHs and VOCs were positively associated with BMI in the Korean adult population. Further studies to validate these observations in other populations are warranted.
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't Mannetje A, Coakley J, Douwes J. Levels and determinants of urinary phthalate metabolites in New Zealand children and adults. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2021; 238:113853. [PMID: 34634755 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2021.113853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This first national biomonitoring survey of urinary phthalate metabolites in the New Zealand population aimed to provide baseline data, identify exposure determinants, and make comparisons with health-based exposure guidance values. METHODS The survey conducted in 2014-2016 involved the collection of morning-void urine from 298 children (5-18 years) and 302 adults (20-65 years), 33% of Māori ethnicity. A questionnaire collected information on demographic factors and diet. Urine was analysed for creatinine, specific gravity, and 10 phthalate metabolites through liquid chromatography tandem-mass spectrometry (MMP; MEP; MBP iso+n; MBzP; MCHP; MEHP; MEOHP; MEHHP; MCPP; and MiNP). Determinants of exposure were assessed using multivariable linear regression. RESULTS Detection frequencies exceeded 95% for metabolites of DEP, DEHP and DBP. The highest GM was observed for the DBP metabolite MBP iso+n (36.1 μg/L adults; 60.5 μg/L children), followed by the sum of three DEHP metabolites (MEHP+MEOHP+MEHHP: 19.0 μg/L adults; 37.0 μg/L children), and the DEP metabolite MEP (19.1 μg/L adults; 12.0 μg/L children). For most phthalate metabolites New Zealand levels were in the mid-range of internationally reported levels, while for DEP they were in the low range. Māori and non-Māori had similar levels. Children had higher GMs than adults for most metabolites, except for MEP. A proportion of children and adults exceeded the biomonitoring equivalents of health-based guidance values for DBP (0-16% and 0-3% respectively), and DEHP (0-0.7% and 0-0.3% respectively). Eating warm meals from plastic containers ≥2 times/week was associated with higher levels of DEHP metabolites, MBP iso+n, and MBzP. CONCLUSION Phthalate exposure is omnipresent in both children and adults in New Zealand. Exceedances of the biomonitoring equivalents for DBP and DEHP indicate that potential health effects from exposure to these phthalates cannot be excluded with sufficient certainty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea 't Mannetje
- Research Centre for Hauora and Health, Massey University, Wellington, New Zealand.
| | - Jonathan Coakley
- Research Centre for Hauora and Health, Massey University, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Jeroen Douwes
- Research Centre for Hauora and Health, Massey University, Wellington, New Zealand
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Zare Jeddi M, Virgolino A, Fantke P, Hopf NB, Galea KS, Remy S, Viegas S, Mustieles V, Fernandez MF, von Goetz N, Vicente JL, Slobodnik J, Rambaud L, Denys S, St-Amand A, Nakayama SF, Santonen T, Barouki R, Pasanen-Kase R, Mol HGJ, Vermeire T, Jones K, Silva MJ, Louro H, van der Voet H, Duca RC, Verhagen H, Canova C, van Klaveren J, Kolossa-Gehring M, Bessems J. A human biomonitoring (HBM) Global Registry Framework: Further advancement of HBM research following the FAIR principles. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2021; 238:113826. [PMID: 34583227 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2021.113826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Data generated by the rapidly evolving human biomonitoring (HBM) programmes are providing invaluable opportunities to support and advance regulatory risk assessment and management of chemicals in occupational and environmental health domains. However, heterogeneity across studies, in terms of design, terminology, biomarker nomenclature, and data formats, limits our capacity to compare and integrate data sets retrospectively (reuse). Registration of HBM studies is common for clinical trials; however, the study designs and resulting data collections cannot be traced easily. We argue that an HBM Global Registry Framework (HBM GRF) could be the solution to several of challenges hampering the (re)use of HBM (meta)data. The aim is to develop a global, host-independent HBM registry framework based on the use of harmonised open-access protocol templates from designing, undertaking of an HBM study to the use and possible reuse of the resulting HBM (meta)data. This framework should apply FAIR (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable and Reusable) principles as a core data management strategy to enable the (re)use of HBM (meta)data to its full potential through the data value chain. Moreover, we believe that implementation of FAIR principles is a fundamental enabler for digital transformation within environmental health. The HBM GRF would encompass internationally harmonised and agreed open access templates for HBM study protocols, structured web-based functionalities to deposit, find, and access harmonised protocols of HBM studies. Registration of HBM studies using the HBM GRF is anticipated to increase FAIRness of the resulting (meta)data. It is also considered that harmonisation of existing data sets could be performed retrospectively. As a consequence, data wrangling activities to make data ready for analysis will be minimised. In addition, this framework would enable the HBM (inter)national community to trace new HBM studies already in the planning phase and their results once finalised. The HBM GRF could also serve as a platform enhancing communication between scientists, risk assessors, and risk managers/policy makers. The planned European Partnership for the Assessment of Risk from Chemicals (PARC) work along these lines, based on the experience obtained in previous joint European initiatives. Therefore, PARC could very well bring a first demonstration of first essential functionalities within the development of the HBM GRF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Zare Jeddi
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands.
| | - Ana Virgolino
- Environmental Health Behaviour Lab, Instituto de Saúde Ambiental, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Peter Fantke
- Quantitative Sustainability Assessment, Department of Technology, Management and Economics, Technical University of Denmark, Produktionstorvet 424, 2800, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Nancy B Hopf
- Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Karen S Galea
- IOM - Institute of Occupational Medicine, Edinburgh, EH14 4AP, UK
| | - Sylvie Remy
- VITO - Flemish Institute for Technological Research, Health Unit, Mol, Belgium
| | - Susana Viegas
- NOVA National School of Public Health, Public Health Research Centre, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 1600-560, Lisbon, Portugal; Comprehensive Health Research Center (CHRC), 1169-056, Lisbon, Portugal; H&TRC-Health & Technology Research Center, ESTeSL-Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde, Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa, 1500-310, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Vicente Mustieles
- University of Granada, Center for Biomedical Research (CIBM), Granada, Spain; Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Mariana F Fernandez
- University of Granada, Center for Biomedical Research (CIBM), Granada, Spain; Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Joana Lobo Vicente
- EEA - European Environment Agency, Kongens Nytorv 6, 1050, Copenhagen K, Denmark
| | - Jaroslav Slobodnik
- NORMAN Association, Rue Jacques Taffanel - Parc Technologique ALATA, 60550 Verneuil-en-Halatte, France
| | - Loïc Rambaud
- SPF - Santé Publique France, Environmental and Occupational Health Division, France
| | - Sébastien Denys
- SPF - Santé Publique France, Environmental and Occupational Health Division, France
| | - Annie St-Amand
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shoji F Nakayama
- Japan Environment and Children's Study Programme Office, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Japan
| | - Tiina Santonen
- FIOH-Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, P.O. Box 40, FI-00032, Työterveyslaitos, Finland
| | - Robert Barouki
- Université de Paris, Inserm Unit 1124, 45 rue des Saints Pères, 75006, Paris, France
| | - Robert Pasanen-Kase
- SECO - State Secretariat for Economic Affairs, Labour Directorate Section Chemicals and Work (ABCH), Switzerland
| | - Hans G J Mol
- Wageningen Food Safety Research (WFSR) - part of Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Theo Vermeire
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Kate Jones
- HSE - Health and Safety Executive, Harpur Hill, Buxton, SK17 9JN, UK
| | - Maria João Silva
- INSA - National Institute of Health Dr. Ricardo Jorge, Portugal; TOXOMICS - Centre for Toxicogenomics and Human Health, NOVA Medical School, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Henriqueta Louro
- INSA - National Institute of Health Dr. Ricardo Jorge, Portugal; TOXOMICS - Centre for Toxicogenomics and Human Health, NOVA Medical School, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Hilko van der Voet
- Wageningen University & Research, Biometris, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Radu-Corneliu Duca
- Unit Environmental Hygiene and Human Biological Monitoring, Department of Health Protection, National Health Laboratory, Dudelange, Luxembourg; Centre Environment and Health, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Hans Verhagen
- University of Ulster, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, UK; Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Cristina Canova
- Unit of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Public Health-University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Jacob van Klaveren
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | | | - Jos Bessems
- VITO - Flemish Institute for Technological Research, Health Unit, Mol, Belgium
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Kim DW, Ock J, Moon KW, Park CH. Association between Pb, Cd, and Hg Exposure and Liver Injury among Korean Adults. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:6783. [PMID: 34202682 PMCID: PMC8297092 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18136783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), and mercury (Hg) has been reported to be associated with liver-related diseases. However, studies examining the association between heavy metal exposure and liver injury in a large population are scant and characterized by inconsistent results. This study aimed to evaluate the association between levels of heavy metal exposure and liver injury in the general population. METHODS Data for 2953 participants aged 19 years or more obtained from the Korean National Environmental Health Survey (KoNEHS) Cycle 3 (2015-2017) were used. The associations between levels of blood or urine heavy metals (Pb, Cd, and Hg) and liver function biomarkers [aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT)] were evaluated using multiple linear regression analysis. RESULTS Regarding the blood Pb (BPb), AST was higher in those of the 4th quartile, ALT was higher in those of the 2nd and 4th quartiles, and GGT was higher in those of the 3rd and 4th quartiles than in the 1st quartile. For urinary Cd (UCd), AST was higher in those of the 4th quartile; ALT was higher in those of the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th quartiles; and GGT was higher in the 4th quartile than in the 1st quartile. For the blood Hg (BHg), AST was higher in those of the 2nd and 4th quartile, ALT was higher in those of the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th quartiles; and GGT was higher in those of the 3rd and 4th quartiles than in the 1st quartile. There was no significant difference between urinary Hg (UHg) and liver function markers. CONCLUSION Heavy metal exposure showed an association with liver injury among the general adult population in Korea. Further studies are required to clarify the relationship between heavy metals and liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Do-Won Kim
- Environmental Health Research Division, National institute of Environmental Research, Ministry of Environment, Incheon 22689, Korea; (D.-W.K.); (J.O.)
- BK21 FOUR R & E Center for Learning Health System, Department of Health and Environmental Science, Korea University, Anam-ro 145, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Korea;
| | - Jeongwon Ock
- Environmental Health Research Division, National institute of Environmental Research, Ministry of Environment, Incheon 22689, Korea; (D.-W.K.); (J.O.)
| | - Kyong-Whan Moon
- BK21 FOUR R & E Center for Learning Health System, Department of Health and Environmental Science, Korea University, Anam-ro 145, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Korea;
| | - Choong-Hee Park
- Environmental Health Research Division, National institute of Environmental Research, Ministry of Environment, Incheon 22689, Korea; (D.-W.K.); (J.O.)
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Rodzaj W, Wileńska M, Klimowska A, Dziewirska E, Jurewicz J, Walczak-Jędrzejowska R, Słowikowska-Hilczer J, Hanke W, Wielgomas B. Concentrations of urinary biomarkers and predictors of exposure to pyrethroid insecticides in young, Polish, urban-dwelling men. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 773:145666. [PMID: 33596511 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Pyrethroid insecticides are a class of pesticides with multiple agricultural and residential applications. However, widespread use of these chemicals may pose a threat to human health. Biomarkers of pyrethroid exposure are frequently detected in populations around the world, but some groups may be underrepresented. Moreover, there is an ongoing debate on factors contributing to pyrethroid burden in humans. To address these problems, we measured urinary biomarkers of pyrethroid exposure in urine samples from 306 young men living in urban area of Łódź, Poland, and gathered questionnaire data to identify predictors of exposure. Limit of detection (LOD) of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) method was 0.1 ng/mL for all quantified pyrethroid metabolites, namely cis-3-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropane carboxylic acid (cis-DCCA), trans-3-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropane carboxylic acid (trans-DCCA), cis-3-(2,2-dibromovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropane carboxylic acid (cis-DBCA), and 3-phenoxybenzoic acid (3-PBA). Detection rate ranged from 32% (cis-DBCA) to 76% (trans-DCCA). Concentrations of urinary biomarkers in studied sample were in lower range of these observed in similar studies, with unadjusted geometric means (GMs) of most prevalent biomarkers, trans-DCCA and 3-PBA, equal to 0.268 and 0.228 ng/mL, respectively. As for questionnaire data, the statistical analysis revealed that non-dietary factors, especially dog ownership and pesticide use on household pets, contribute significantly to urinary trans-DCCA and 3-PBA concentrations (p ≤ 0.009). Moreover, a few dietary sources of exposure were identified, such as seeds and nuts consumption for 3-PBA (p < 0.001) and vegetable juice intake for trans-DCCA (p = 0.015). Multivariate analyses further highlighted the importance of non-dietary factors in pyrethroid exposure. Compared to other works, our results confirm widespread exposure to pyrethroids observed in other studies and stress the role of residential pyrethroid use in pyrethroid burden in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech Rodzaj
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdańsk, 107 Hallera Street, 80-416 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Malwina Wileńska
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdańsk, 107 Hallera Street, 80-416 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Anna Klimowska
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdańsk, 107 Hallera Street, 80-416 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Emila Dziewirska
- Departament of Chemical Safety, Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, 8 Teresy Street, 91-348 Łódź, Poland
| | - Joanna Jurewicz
- Departament of Chemical Safety, Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, 8 Teresy Street, 91-348 Łódź, Poland
| | - Renata Walczak-Jędrzejowska
- Department of Andrology and Reproductive Endocrinology, Medical University of Łódź, 251 Pomorska Street, 92-213 Łódź, Poland
| | - Jolanta Słowikowska-Hilczer
- Department of Andrology and Reproductive Endocrinology, Medical University of Łódź, 251 Pomorska Street, 92-213 Łódź, Poland
| | - Wojciech Hanke
- Department of Environmental Epidemiology, Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, 8 Teresy Street, 91-348 Łódź, Poland
| | - Bartosz Wielgomas
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdańsk, 107 Hallera Street, 80-416 Gdańsk, Poland.
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Hong S, Jeon HL, Lee J, Kim S, Lee C, Lee S, Cho YH, Choi K, Yoo J. Urinary parabens and their potential sources of exposure among Korean children and adolescents: Korean National Environmental Health Survey 2015-2017. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2021; 236:113781. [PMID: 34119851 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2021.113781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Parabens are used as a preservative in several consumer products including cosmetics, personal care products, and medicinal products. These chemicals have been suspected for estrogenicity and potential adverse endocrine outcomes in humans. For the first time, exposure profiles and potential sources of major parabens are investigated for a nationally representative population of children and adolescents of Korea. In addition, major determinants of urinary paraben levels were identified. For this purpose, the children, and adolescents (n = 2355, 3-18 years of age) who participated in the Korean National Environmental Health Survey cycle 3 (2015-2017) were studied. Adjusted multiple linear regression models were employed to investigate the relationships of several potential demographic and behavioral determinants of exposure, with the urinary levels of three parabens; methyl, ethyl, and propyl paraben. Methyl and propyl paraben levels of the Korean children and adolescents were comparable to those of the US, but the high exposure group (95th percentile) showed much higher levels of exposure. Moreover, urinary ethyl paraben levels are always higher than those of other countries. The uses of personal care products including liquid soaps, fragrance products, nail polish, or antiseptic products were significantly associated with urinary paraben levels. In addition, dietary sources such as fast food and canned food consumption were identified as major contributors to ethyl paraben levels. For methyl and propyl parabens, the use of fever medications and ointments were identified as major determinants of the exposure, especially among the younger children of 3-5 years of age. These observations are related to the Korean regulations that permit the use of the parabens as preservatives in foods and medications. The findings demonstrate that the exposure profile of parabens among Korean children are unique, and mitigation efforts for some parabens are required in Korea. Further studies are warranted to confirm the exposure sources of parabens and to develop mitigation measures among Korean children and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sooyeon Hong
- Environmental Health Research Division, National Institute of Environmental Research, Ministry of Environment, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Li Jeon
- Environmental Health Research Division, National Institute of Environmental Research, Ministry of Environment, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jueun Lee
- Environmental Health Research Division, National Institute of Environmental Research, Ministry of Environment, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Suejin Kim
- Environmental Health Research Division, National Institute of Environmental Research, Ministry of Environment, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Chulwoo Lee
- Environmental Health Research Division, National Institute of Environmental Research, Ministry of Environment, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungho Lee
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Hee Cho
- Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, USA
| | - Kyungho Choi
- Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiyoung Yoo
- Environmental Health Research Division, National Institute of Environmental Research, Ministry of Environment, Incheon, Republic of Korea.
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Jeon HL, Hong S, Choi K, Lee C, Yoo J. First nationwide exposure profile of major persistent organic pollutants among Korean adults and their determinants: Korean National Environmental Health Survey Cycle 3 (2015-2017). Int J Hyg Environ Health 2021; 236:113779. [PMID: 34119853 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2021.113779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Since 2009, Korea has measured the exposure levels of major environmental chemicals and heavy metals among representative adult populations through the Korean National Environmental Health Survey (KoNEHS). However, exposure to persistent organic pollutants (POPs) has never been assessed. This study reports the serum concentrations of twenty-four POPs and their influencing factors for Korean adults (n = 1295) who participated in the KoNEHS Cycle 3 (2015-2017). The POPs included seven organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), eleven polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and six polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs). Among them, three OCPs (i.e., hexachlorobenzene (HCB), p,p'-dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (p,p'-DDT), and p,p'-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (p,p'-DDE)) and five PCBs (i.e., PCB52, PCB118, PCB138, PCB153, and PCB180) were detected in over 60% of the samples. PBDEs were not detected at a detection frequency of 60% or above. The most frequently detected POPs were p,p'-DDE (99.8%, geometric mean of 128.47 ng/g lipid), followed by PCB180 (98.8%, 8.49 ng/g lipid), PCB153 (98.8%, 13.14 ng/g lipid), HCB (96.2%, 67.08 ng/g lipid), PCB138 (95.2%, 8.84 ng/g lipid), PCB118 (89.6%, 2.66 ng/g lipid), p,p'-DDT (80.5%, 6.68 ng/g lipid), and PCB52 (71.2%, 1.57 ng/g lipid). The concentrations of most POPs were lower than or similar to concentrations reported in national-scale biomonitoring surveys. The only exception was HCB, whose concentration was up to seven-fold higher than the concentration reported by the Canadian Health Measures Survey. Excluding HCB and PCB52, most POPs showed increasing serum levels among older adults, adults with higher body mass index, adults living in coastal areas, and more frequent fish consumption. Relatively higher POP concentrations were observed in menopausal women. This study provides the first data on POP exposure levels among the representative adult population in Korea, and the results highlight the need to integrate POPs in the national biomonitoring program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Li Jeon
- Environmental Health Research Division, National Institute of Environmental Research, Ministry of Environment, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sooyeon Hong
- Environmental Health Research Division, National Institute of Environmental Research, Ministry of Environment, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungho Choi
- Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chulwoo Lee
- Environmental Health Research Division, National Institute of Environmental Research, Ministry of Environment, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiyoung Yoo
- Environmental Health Research Division, National Institute of Environmental Research, Ministry of Environment, Incheon, Republic of Korea.
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Allotey JA, Boyle M, Sapkota A, Zhu L, Peng RD, Garza MA, Quirós-Alcalá L. Determinants of phthalate exposure among a U.S.-based group of Latino workers. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2021; 234:113739. [PMID: 33836349 PMCID: PMC8096699 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2021.113739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phthalates are endocrine disrupting compounds linked to various adverse health effects. U.S. national biomonitoring data indicate that select minority subgroups may suffer disparate exposures to phthalates. Still, exposures and their respective determinants among these subgroups are not well characterized. OBJECTIVE We sought to examine determinants of phthalate exposure in a subsample of US-based Latino adults. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional study on 94 Latino immigrant adults in Maryland. Participants were >18 years of age and working in a service-based industry. We administered an interviewer-administered questionnaire to capture information on potential exposure determinants (e.g., demographic characteristics, consumer product use, and workplace exposures and behaviors) and using HPLC/MS-MS we quantified concentrations of 9 urinary phthalate metabolites: monoethyl phthalate (MEP, diethyl phthalate metabolite); mono-n-butyl phthalate (MBP, di-n-butyl phthalate metabolite); mono-isobutyl phthalate (MiBP, di-isobutyl phthalate metabolite; monobenzyl phthalate (MBzP, benzylbutyl phthalate metabolite); molar sum of di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate or DEHP metabolites [mono-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (MEHP), mono-(2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl) phthalate (MEHHP), mono-(2-ethyl-5-oxohexyl) phthalate (MEOHP), and mono-(2-ethyl-5-carboxypentyl) phthalate (MECCP)]; and mono(3-carboxypropyl) phthalate (MCPP, a non-specific metabolite of several phthalates including di-n-butyl phthalate and di-n-octyl phthalate). DEHP was analyzed as the molar sum of four metabolites (ΣDEHP = MEHP + MEHHP + MECPP + MEOHP). Spearman correlations, Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney, and Kruskal-Wallis tests were conducted to assess bivariate associations between metabolite concentrations and potential exposure determinants. Covariates associated with metabolites at p < 0.10 in bivariate analyses were included in multivariable linear regression models to assess the independent effects of predictors on metabolite concentrations. RESULTS Uncorrected median phthalate metabolite concentrations were lower in our study population (50% of samples ranged between 1.4 and 23.6 μg/L. While we observed some significant associations with select predictors in our bivariate analysis, select associations were attenuated in multivariable regression models. In our final multivariable linear regression models, we found that use of bleach (β = 1.15, 95%CI:0.30, 2.00) and consumption pasta/rice/noodles (β = 0.87, 95%CI: 0.27, 1.46) was positively associated with MBzP concentrations. MEP concentrations were inversely associated with use of furniture polish (β = -1.17, 95%CI: 2.21, -0.12) and use of scented dryer sheets (β = -1.08, 95%CI: 2.01, -0.14). Lastly, ΣDEHP concentrations were inversely associated with use of degreaser (ßDEHP = -0.65, 95%CI: 1.25, -0.05). CONCLUSIONS In this predominantly U.S.-based Central American subsample of adults, we observed lower metabolite concentrations than those previously reported in other U.S. studies and other countries. Our findings could be due, in part, to temporal trends in phthalate exposures and cultural differences related to exposure-related behaviors. While some exposure determinants were identified in our bivariate analyses, results from multivariable regression models did not provide clear results as many associations were attenuated. Environmental exposures may vary within minority subgroups and should be explored further in future studies to further inform exposure mitigation strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janice A Allotey
- Johns Hopkins University, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Department of Environmental Health & Engineering, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Meleah Boyle
- Maryland Institute of Applied Environmental Health, School of Public Health, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Amir Sapkota
- Maryland Institute of Applied Environmental Health, School of Public Health, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Linyan Zhu
- Maryland Institute of Applied Environmental Health, School of Public Health, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Roger D Peng
- Johns Hopkins University, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Department of Biostatistics, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Mary A Garza
- California State University, Fresno, College of Health and Human Services, Department of Public Health, Fresno, CA, USA
| | - Lesliam Quirós-Alcalá
- Johns Hopkins University, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Department of Environmental Health & Engineering, Baltimore, MD, USA; Maryland Institute of Applied Environmental Health, School of Public Health, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA.
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Iwai-Shimada M, Kobayashi Y, Isobe T, Nakayama SF, Sekiyama M, Taniguchi Y, Yamazaki S, Michikawa T, Oda M, Mitsubuchi H, Sanefuji M, Ohga S, Mise N, Ikegami A, Suga R, Shimono M. Comparison of Simultaneous Quantitative Analysis of Methylmercury and Inorganic Mercury in Cord Blood Using LC-ICP-MS and LC-CVAFS: The Pilot Study of the Japan Environment and Children's Study. TOXICS 2021; 9:toxics9040082. [PMID: 33918897 PMCID: PMC8069649 DOI: 10.3390/toxics9040082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Prenatal exposure to methylmercury (MeHg) affects child development after birth. However, many epidemiological studies have evaluated total mercury levels without analyzing speciation. Biomonitoring of MeHg and inorganic mercury (IHg) is essential to reveal each exposure level. In this study, we compared a high-throughput analysis for mercury speciation in blood using liquid chromatography-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (LC-ICP-MS) and liquid chromatography-cold vapor atomic fluorescence spectrometry (LC-CVAFS). The validated LC-ICP-MS method was applied to 101 maternal blood and 366 cord blood samples in the pilot study of the Japan Environment and Children’s Study (JECS). The accuracy of the LC-CVAFS method ranged 90–115% determined by reference material analysis. To evaluate the reliability of 366 cord blood samples, fifty cord blood samples were randomly selected and analyzed using LC-CVAFS. The median (5th–95th percentile) concentrations of MeHg and IHg were 5.4 (1.9–15) and 0.33 (0.12–0.86) ng/mL, respectively, in maternal blood, and 6.3 (2.5–15) and 0.21 (0.08–0.49) ng/mL, respectively, in cord blood. Inter-laboratory comparison showed a relatively good agreement between LC-ICP-MS and LC-CVAFS. The median cord blood:maternal blood ratios of MeHg and IHg were 1.3 and 0.5, respectively. By analyzing speciation, we could focus on the health effects of each chemical form.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miyuki Iwai-Shimada
- Japan Environment and Children’s Study Programme Office, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba 305-8506, Japan; (M.I.-S.); (Y.K.); (T.I.); (M.S.); (Y.T.); (S.Y.)
| | - Yayoi Kobayashi
- Japan Environment and Children’s Study Programme Office, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba 305-8506, Japan; (M.I.-S.); (Y.K.); (T.I.); (M.S.); (Y.T.); (S.Y.)
| | - Tomohiko Isobe
- Japan Environment and Children’s Study Programme Office, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba 305-8506, Japan; (M.I.-S.); (Y.K.); (T.I.); (M.S.); (Y.T.); (S.Y.)
| | - Shoji F. Nakayama
- Japan Environment and Children’s Study Programme Office, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba 305-8506, Japan; (M.I.-S.); (Y.K.); (T.I.); (M.S.); (Y.T.); (S.Y.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Makiko Sekiyama
- Japan Environment and Children’s Study Programme Office, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba 305-8506, Japan; (M.I.-S.); (Y.K.); (T.I.); (M.S.); (Y.T.); (S.Y.)
| | - Yu Taniguchi
- Japan Environment and Children’s Study Programme Office, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba 305-8506, Japan; (M.I.-S.); (Y.K.); (T.I.); (M.S.); (Y.T.); (S.Y.)
| | - Shin Yamazaki
- Japan Environment and Children’s Study Programme Office, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba 305-8506, Japan; (M.I.-S.); (Y.K.); (T.I.); (M.S.); (Y.T.); (S.Y.)
| | - Takehiro Michikawa
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Medicine, Toho University, Tokyo 143-8540, Japan;
| | - Masako Oda
- The Southern Kyusyu and Okinawa Regional Centre, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan;
| | - Hiroshi Mitsubuchi
- Department of Neonatology, Kumamoto University Hospital, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan;
| | - Masafumi Sanefuji
- Research Center for Environment and Developmental Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; (M.S.); (S.O.)
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Shouichi Ohga
- Research Center for Environment and Developmental Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; (M.S.); (S.O.)
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Nathan Mise
- Department of Environmental and Preventive Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan; (N.M.); (A.I.)
| | - Akihiko Ikegami
- Department of Environmental and Preventive Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan; (N.M.); (A.I.)
| | - Reiko Suga
- Regional Center for Japan Environment and Children’s Study, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu 807-8555, Japan; (R.S.); (M.S.)
| | - Masayuki Shimono
- Regional Center for Japan Environment and Children’s Study, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu 807-8555, Japan; (R.S.); (M.S.)
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Al-Saleh I, Elkhatib R, Alrushud N, Alnuwaysir H, Alnemer M, Aldhalaan H, Shoukri M, McWalter P, Alkhenizan A. Potential health risks of maternal phthalate exposure during the first trimester - The Saudi Early Autism and Environment Study (SEAES). ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 195:110882. [PMID: 33621597 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.110882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Phthalates are the most ubiquitous contaminants that we are exposed to daily due to their wide use as plasticizers in various consumer products. A few studies have suggested that in utero exposure to phthalates can disturb fetal growth and development in humans, because phthalates can interfere with endocrine function. We collected spot urine samples from 291 pregnant women in their first trimester (9.8 ± 2.3 gestational weeks) recruited in an ongoing prospective cohort study in Saudi Arabia. A second urine sample was collected within 1-7 d after enrollment. The aims of this study were to: (1) assess the extent of exposure to phthalates during the first trimester and (2) estimate the risk from single and cumulative exposures to phthalates. Most phthalate metabolites' urinary levels were high, several-fold higher than those reported in relevant studies from other countries. The highest median levels of monoethyl phthalate, mono-n-butyl phthalate (MnBP), mono-iso-butyl phthalate (MiBP), and mono-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP) in μg/l (μg/g creatinine) were 245.62 (197.23), 114.26 (99.45), 39.59 (34.02), and 23.51 (19.92), respectively. The MEHP levels were highest among three di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) metabolites. %MEHP4, the ratio of MEHP to four di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate metabolites (∑4DEHP), was 44%, indicating interindividual differences in metabolism and excretion. The hazard quotient (HQ) of individual phthalates estimated based on the reference dose (RfD) of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency indicated that 58% (volume-based) and 37% (creatinine-based) of the women were at risk of exposure to ∑4DEHP (HQ > 1). Based on the tolerable daily intake (TDI) from the European Food Safety Authority, 35/12% (volume-/creatinine-based data) of the women were at risk of exposure to two dibutyl phthalate (∑DBP) metabolites (MiBP and MnBP). The cumulative risk was assessed using the hazard index (HI), the sum of HQs of all phthalates. The percentages of women (volume-/creatinine-based data) at health risks with an HI > 1 were 64/40% and 42/22% based on RfD and TDI, respectively. In view of these indices for assessing risk, our results for the anti-androgenic effects of exposing pregnant women to ∑4DEHP and ∑DBP early during pregnancy are alarming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iman Al-Saleh
- Environmental Health Program, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, P.O.Box: 3354, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Rola Elkhatib
- Environmental Health Program, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, P.O.Box: 3354, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nujud Alrushud
- Environmental Health Program, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, P.O.Box: 3354, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hissah Alnuwaysir
- Environmental Health Program, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, P.O.Box: 3354, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maha Alnemer
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, P.O.Box: 3354, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hesham Aldhalaan
- Center for Autism Research, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, P.O.Box: 3354, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Shoukri
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Patricia McWalter
- Family Medicine and Polyclinics Department, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, P.O.Box: 3354, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah Alkhenizan
- Family Medicine and Polyclinics Department, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, P.O.Box: 3354, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia
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