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Zhang X, Ding G, Yang X, Lu H, Xu Y, Hu Y, Liu S, Zhang H, Huang K, Deng G, Ye T, Yu Q, Cai Y, Xie S, Wang W, Chen X. Myriocin enhances the clearance of M. tuberculosis by macrophages through the activation of PLIN2. mSphere 2024; 9:e0025724. [PMID: 38920406 PMCID: PMC11288015 DOI: 10.1128/msphere.00257-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Myriocin is an inhibitor of de novo synthesis of sphingolipids and ceramides. In this research, we showed myriocin could significantly reduce Mtb burden and histopathological inflammation in mice. However, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. RNA-seq analysis revealed a significant increase in gene expression of PLIN2/CD36/CERT1 after myriocin treatment. The reduced bactericidal burden was only reversed after silencing the lipid droplets (LDs) surface protein PLIN2. This suggests that myriocin enhances the ability of macrophages to clear Mtb depending on the PLIN2 gene, which is part of the PPARγ pathway. Indeed, we observed a significant increase in the number of LDs following myriocin treatment.IMPORTANCEMycobacterium tuberculosis has the ability to reprogram host cell lipid metabolism and alter the antimicrobial functions of infected macrophages. The sphingolipids, such as ceramides, are the primary host lipids utilized by the bacteria, making the sphingomyelinase/ceramide system critical in Mtb infections. Surprisingly, the antimicrobial effect of myriocin was found to be independent of its role in reducing ceramides, but instead, it depends on the lipid droplets surface protein PLIN2. Our findings provide a novel mechanism for how myriocin enhances Mtb clearance in macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ximeng Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Diseases, Department of Pathogen Biology, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen, China
| | - Guanggui Ding
- Shenzhen People’s Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Xirui Yang
- Dornsife College of Letters, Arts and Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Hailin Lu
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Yuzhong Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shenzhen Baoan Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yunlong Hu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Diseases, Department of Pathogen Biology, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen, China
| | - Song Liu
- Shenzhen People’s Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Huihua Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Diseases, Department of Pathogen Biology, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen, China
| | - Kaisong Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Guofang Deng
- National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People’s Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Taosheng Ye
- National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People’s Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qing Yu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Diseases, Department of Pathogen Biology, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yi Cai
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Diseases, Department of Pathogen Biology, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shuixiang Xie
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Wenfei Wang
- National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People’s Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xinchun Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Diseases, Department of Pathogen Biology, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People’s Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
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Wu Y, Riehle A, Pollmeier B, Kadow S, Schumacher F, Drab M, Kleuser B, Gulbins E, Grassmé H. Caveolin-1 affects early mycobacterial infection and apoptosis in macrophages and mice. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2024; 147:102493. [PMID: 38547568 DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2024.102493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
Tuberculosis, caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, remains one of the deadliest infections in humans. Because Mycobacterium bovis Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) share genetic similarities with Mycobacterium tuberculosis, it is often used as a model to elucidate the molecular mechanisms of more severe tuberculosis infection. Caveolin-1 has been implied in many physiological processes and diseases, but it's role in mycobacterial infections has barely been studied. We isolated macrophages from Wildtype or Caveolin-1 deficient mice and analyzed hallmarks of infection, such as internalization, induction of autophagy and apoptosis. For in vivo assays we intravenously injected mice with BCG and investigated tissues for bacterial load with colony-forming unit assays, bioactive lipids with mass spectrometry and changes of protein expressions by Western blotting. Our results revealed that Caveolin-1 was important for early killing of BCG infection in vivo and in vitro, controlled acid sphingomyelinase (Asm)-dependent ceramide formation, apoptosis and inflammatory cytokines upon infection with BCG. In accordance, Caveolin-1 deficient mice and macrophages showed higher bacterial burdens in the livers. The findings indicate that Caveolin-1 plays a role in infection of mice and murine macrophages with BCG, by controlling cellular apoptosis and inflammatory host response. These clues might be useful in the fight against tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Wu
- Institute of Molecular Biology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45122, Essen, Germany
| | - Andrea Riehle
- Institute of Molecular Biology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45122, Essen, Germany
| | - Barbara Pollmeier
- Institute of Molecular Biology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45122, Essen, Germany
| | - Stephanie Kadow
- Institute of Molecular Biology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45122, Essen, Germany
| | | | - Marek Drab
- Unit of Nanostructural Biointeractions, Department of Immunology of Infectious Diseases, Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 Weigla Street, 53-114, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Burkhard Kleuser
- Institute of Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Erich Gulbins
- Institute of Molecular Biology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45122, Essen, Germany
| | - Heike Grassmé
- Institute of Molecular Biology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45122, Essen, Germany.
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3
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Seal A, Hughes M, Wei F, Pugazhendhi AS, Ngo C, Ruiz J, Schwartzman JD, Coathup MJ. Sphingolipid-Induced Bone Regulation and Its Emerging Role in Dysfunction Due to Disease and Infection. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3024. [PMID: 38474268 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25053024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Revised: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The human skeleton is a metabolically active system that is constantly regenerating via the tightly regulated and highly coordinated processes of bone resorption and formation. Emerging evidence reveals fascinating new insights into the role of sphingolipids, including sphingomyelin, sphingosine, ceramide, and sphingosine-1-phosphate, in bone homeostasis. Sphingolipids are a major class of highly bioactive lipids able to activate distinct protein targets including, lipases, phosphatases, and kinases, thereby conferring distinct cellular functions beyond energy metabolism. Lipids are known to contribute to the progression of chronic inflammation, and notably, an increase in bone marrow adiposity parallel to elevated bone loss is observed in most pathological bone conditions, including aging, rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, and osteomyelitis. Of the numerous classes of lipids that form, sphingolipids are considered among the most deleterious. This review highlights the important primary role of sphingolipids in bone homeostasis and how dysregulation of these bioactive metabolites appears central to many chronic bone-related diseases. Further, their contribution to the invasion, virulence, and colonization of both viral and bacterial host cell infections is also discussed. Many unmet clinical needs remain, and data to date suggest the future use of sphingolipid-targeted therapy to regulate bone dysfunction due to a variety of diseases or infection are highly promising. However, deciphering the biochemical and molecular mechanisms of this diverse and extremely complex sphingolipidome, both in terms of bone health and disease, is considered the next frontier in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anouska Seal
- Biionix Cluster, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32827, USA
| | - Megan Hughes
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AT, UK
| | - Fei Wei
- Biionix Cluster, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32827, USA
- College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32827, USA
| | - Abinaya S Pugazhendhi
- Biionix Cluster, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32827, USA
- College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32827, USA
| | - Christopher Ngo
- Biionix Cluster, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32827, USA
- College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32827, USA
| | - Jonathan Ruiz
- College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32827, USA
| | | | - Melanie J Coathup
- Biionix Cluster, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32827, USA
- College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32827, USA
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Yamashima T, Seike T, Mochly-Rosen D, Chen CH, Kikuchi M, Mizukoshi E. Implication of the cooking oil-peroxidation product "hydroxynonenal" for Alzheimer's disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 15:1211141. [PMID: 37693644 PMCID: PMC10486274 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.1211141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) is a mitochondrial enzyme that reduces cell injuries via detoxification of lipid-peroxidation product, 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (hydroxynonenal). It is generated exogenously via deep-frying of linoleic acid-rich cooking oils and/or endogenously via oxidation of fatty acids involved in biomembranes. Although its toxicity for human health is widely accepted, the underlying mechanism long remained unknown. In 1998, Yamashima et al. have formulated the "calpain-cathepsin hypothesis" as a molecular mechanism of ischemic neuronal death. Subsequently, they found that calpain cleaves Hsp70.1 which became vulnerable after the hydroxynonenal-induced carbonylation at the key site Arg469. Since it is the pivotal aberration that induces lysosomal membrane rupture, they suggested that neuronal death in Alzheimer's disease similarly occurs by chronic ischemia via the calpain-cathepsin cascade triggered by hydroxynonenal. For nearly three decades, amyloid β (Aβ) peptide was thought to be a root substance of Alzheimer's disease. However, because of both the insignificant correlations between Aβ depositions and occurrence of neuronal death or dementia, and the negative results of anti-Aβ medicines tested so far in the patients with Alzheimer's disease, the strength of the "amyloid cascade hypothesis" has been weakened. Recent works have suggested that hydroxynonenal is a mediator of programmed cell death not only in the brain, but also in the liver, pancreas, heart, etc. Increment of hydroxynonenal was considered an early event in the development of Alzheimer's disease. This review aims at suggesting ways out of the tunnel, focusing on the implication of hydroxynonenal in this disease. Herein, the mechanism of Alzheimer neuronal death is discussed by focusing on Hsp70.1 with a dual function as chaperone protein and lysosomal stabilizer. We suggest that Aβ is not a culprit of Alzheimer's disease, but merely a byproduct of autophagy/lysosomal failure resulting from hydroxynonenal-induced Hsp70.1 disorder. Enhancing ALDH2 activity to detoxify hydroxynonenal emerges as a promising strategy for preventing and treating Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsumori Yamashima
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Japan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Takuya Seike
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Japan
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Daria Mochly-Rosen
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Che-Hong Chen
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Mitsuru Kikuchi
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Eishiro Mizukoshi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Japan
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Wang Y, Chen YY, Gao GB, Zheng YH, Yu NN, Ouyang L, Gao X, Li N, Wen SY, Huang S, Zhao Q, Liu L, Cao M, Zhang S, Zhang J, He QY. Polyphyllin D punctures hypertrophic lysosomes to reverse drug resistance of hepatocellular carcinoma by targeting acid sphingomyelinase. Mol Ther 2023; 31:2169-2187. [PMID: 37211762 PMCID: PMC10362416 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2023.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypertrophic lysosomes are critical for tumor progression and drug resistance; however, effective and specific lysosome-targeting compounds for cancer therapy are lacking. Here we conducted a lysosomotropic pharmacophore-based in silico screen in a natural product library (2,212 compounds), and identified polyphyllin D (PD) as a novel lysosome-targeted compound. PD treatment was found to cause lysosomal damage, as evidenced by the blockade of autophagic flux, loss of lysophagy, and the release of lysosomal contents, thus exhibiting anticancer effects on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell both in vitro and in vivo. Closer mechanistic examination revealed that PD suppressed the activity of acid sphingomyelinase (SMPD1), a lysosomal phosphodieserase that catalyzes the hydrolysis of sphingomyelin to produce ceramide and phosphocholine, by directly occupying its surface groove, with Trp148 in SMPD1 acting as a major binding residue; this suppression of SMPD1 activity irreversibly triggers lysosomal injury and initiates lysosome-dependent cell death. Furthermore, PD-enhanced lysosomal membrane permeabilization to release sorafenib, augmenting the anticancer effect of sorafenib both in vivo and in vitro. Overall, our study suggests that PD can potentially be further developed as a novel autophagy inhibitor, and a combination of PD with classical chemotherapeutic anticancer drugs could represent a novel therapeutic strategy for HCC intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology and Key Laboratory of Functional Protein Research of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Institute of Life and Health Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
| | - Yan-Yan Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology and Key Laboratory of Functional Protein Research of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Institute of Life and Health Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Gui-Bin Gao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology and Key Laboratory of Functional Protein Research of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Institute of Life and Health Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Yang-Han Zheng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology and Key Laboratory of Functional Protein Research of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Institute of Life and Health Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Nan-Nan Yu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology and Key Laboratory of Functional Protein Research of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Institute of Life and Health Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Lan Ouyang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology and Key Laboratory of Functional Protein Research of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Institute of Life and Health Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Xuejuan Gao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology and Key Laboratory of Functional Protein Research of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Institute of Life and Health Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Nan Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology and Key Laboratory of Functional Protein Research of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Institute of Life and Health Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Shi-Yuan Wen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology and Key Laboratory of Functional Protein Research of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Institute of Life and Health Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Shangjia Huang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510613, China
| | - Qian Zhao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology and Key Laboratory of Functional Protein Research of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Institute of Life and Health Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Langxia Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology and Key Laboratory of Functional Protein Research of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Institute of Life and Health Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Mingrong Cao
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510613, China
| | - Shuixing Zhang
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510613, China; MOE Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510613, China.
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510613, China; MOE Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510613, China.
| | - Qing-Yu He
- MOE Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology and Key Laboratory of Functional Protein Research of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Institute of Life and Health Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; MOE Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510613, China.
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6
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Zhao Z, Wang X, Jiang J, Dong Y, Pan Y, Guan X, Wang B, Gao S, Chen Z, Zhou Z. Adverse effects of polystyrene nanoplastics on sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus and their association with gut microbiota dysbiosis. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 330:138568. [PMID: 37019397 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The mariculture environment is a sink of microplastics (MPs) due to its enclosed nature and mass use of plastics. Nanoplastics (NPs) are MPs with a diameter <1 μm that have a more toxic effect on aquatic organisms than other MPs. However, little is known about the underlying mechanisms of NP toxicity on mariculture species. Here, we performed a multi-omics investigation to explore gut microbiota dysbiosis and associated health problems induced by NPs in juvenile sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus, a commercially and ecologically important marine invertebrate. We observed significant differences in gut microbiota composition after 21 days of NP exposure. Ingestion of NPs significantly increased core gut microbes, especially Rhodobacteraceae and Flavobacteriaceae families. Additionally, gut gene expression profiles were altered by NPs, especially those related to neurological diseases and movement disorders. Correlation and network analyses indicated close relationships between transcriptome changes and gut microbiota variation. Furthermore, NPs induced oxidative stress in sea cucumber intestines, which may be associated with intraspecies variation in Rhodobacteraceae in the gut microbiota. The results suggested that NPs were harmful to the health of sea cucumbers, and they highlighted the importance of the gut microbiota in the responses to NP toxicity in marine invertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zelong Zhao
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Fishery Molecular Biology, Liaoning Key Lab of Germplasm Improvement and Fine Seed Breeding of Marine Aquatic Animals, Liaoning Ocean and Fisheries Science Research Institute, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, PR China
| | - Xuda Wang
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Fishery Molecular Biology, Liaoning Key Lab of Germplasm Improvement and Fine Seed Breeding of Marine Aquatic Animals, Liaoning Ocean and Fisheries Science Research Institute, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, PR China
| | - Jingwei Jiang
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Fishery Molecular Biology, Liaoning Key Lab of Germplasm Improvement and Fine Seed Breeding of Marine Aquatic Animals, Liaoning Ocean and Fisheries Science Research Institute, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, PR China.
| | - Ying Dong
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Fishery Molecular Biology, Liaoning Key Lab of Germplasm Improvement and Fine Seed Breeding of Marine Aquatic Animals, Liaoning Ocean and Fisheries Science Research Institute, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, PR China
| | - Yongjia Pan
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Fishery Molecular Biology, Liaoning Key Lab of Germplasm Improvement and Fine Seed Breeding of Marine Aquatic Animals, Liaoning Ocean and Fisheries Science Research Institute, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, PR China
| | - Xiaoyan Guan
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Fishery Molecular Biology, Liaoning Key Lab of Germplasm Improvement and Fine Seed Breeding of Marine Aquatic Animals, Liaoning Ocean and Fisheries Science Research Institute, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, PR China
| | - Bai Wang
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Fishery Molecular Biology, Liaoning Key Lab of Germplasm Improvement and Fine Seed Breeding of Marine Aquatic Animals, Liaoning Ocean and Fisheries Science Research Institute, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, PR China
| | - Shan Gao
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Fishery Molecular Biology, Liaoning Key Lab of Germplasm Improvement and Fine Seed Breeding of Marine Aquatic Animals, Liaoning Ocean and Fisheries Science Research Institute, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, PR China
| | - Zhong Chen
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Fishery Molecular Biology, Liaoning Key Lab of Germplasm Improvement and Fine Seed Breeding of Marine Aquatic Animals, Liaoning Ocean and Fisheries Science Research Institute, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, PR China
| | - Zunchun Zhou
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Fishery Molecular Biology, Liaoning Key Lab of Germplasm Improvement and Fine Seed Breeding of Marine Aquatic Animals, Liaoning Ocean and Fisheries Science Research Institute, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, PR China.
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Brenner D, Geiger N, Schlegel J, Diesendorf V, Kersting L, Fink J, Stelz L, Schneider-Schaulies S, Sauer M, Bodem J, Seibel J. Azido-Ceramides, a Tool to Analyse SARS-CoV-2 Replication and Inhibition-SARS-CoV-2 Is Inhibited by Ceramides. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087281. [PMID: 37108461 PMCID: PMC10138768 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, we have shown that C6-ceramides efficiently suppress viral replication by trapping the virus in lysosomes. Here, we use antiviral assays to evaluate a synthetic ceramide derivative α-NH2-ω-N3-C6-ceramide (AKS461) and to confirm the biological activity of C6-ceramides inhibiting SARS-CoV-2. Click-labeling with a fluorophore demonstrated that AKS461 accumulates in lysosomes. Previously, it has been shown that suppression of SARS-CoV-2 replication can be cell-type specific. Thus, AKS461 inhibited SARS-CoV-2 replication in Huh-7, Vero, and Calu-3 cells up to 2.5 orders of magnitude. The results were confirmed by CoronaFISH, indicating that AKS461 acts comparable to the unmodified C6-ceramide. Thus, AKS461 serves as a tool to study ceramide-associated cellular and viral pathways, such as SARS-CoV-2 infections, and it helped to identify lysosomes as the central organelle of C6-ceramides to inhibit viral replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Brenner
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Nina Geiger
- Institute of Virology and Immunobiology, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, 97078 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Jan Schlegel
- Department of Biotechnology and Biophysics, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Viktoria Diesendorf
- Institute of Virology and Immunobiology, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, 97078 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Louise Kersting
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Julian Fink
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Linda Stelz
- Department of Biotechnology and Biophysics, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | | | - Markus Sauer
- Department of Biotechnology and Biophysics, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Jochen Bodem
- Institute of Virology and Immunobiology, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, 97078 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Jürgen Seibel
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
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8
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Guzman G, Creek C, Farley S, Tafesse FG. Genetic Tools for Studying the Roles of Sphingolipids in Viral Infections. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2610:1-16. [PMID: 36534277 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2895-9_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Sphingolipids are a critical family of membrane lipids with diverse functions in eukaryotic cells, and a growing body of literature supports that these lipids play essential roles during the lifecycles of viruses. While small molecule inhibitors of sphingolipid synthesis and metabolism are widely used, the advent of CRISPR-based genomic editing techniques allows for nuanced exploration into the manners in which sphingolipids influence various stages of viral infections. Here we describe some of these critical considerations needed in designing studies utilizing genomic editing techniques for manipulating the sphingolipid metabolic pathway, as well as the current body of literature regarding how viruses depend on the products of this pathway. Here, we highlight the ways in which sphingolipids affect viruses as these pathogens interact with and influence their host cell and describe some of the many open questions remaining in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaelen Guzman
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Cameron Creek
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Scotland Farley
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Fikadu G Tafesse
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA.
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9
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Berg AL, Rowson-Hodel A, Wheeler MR, Hu M, Free SR, Carraway KL. Engaging the Lysosome and Lysosome-Dependent Cell Death in Cancer. Breast Cancer 2022. [DOI: 10.36255/exon-publications-breast-cancer-lysosome] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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10
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Abstract
Nontuberculous mycobacterial (NTM) pulmonary infections in people with cystic fibrosis (CF) are associated with significant morbidity and mortality and are increasing in prevalence. Host risk factors for NTM infection in CF are largely unknown. We hypothesize that the airway microbiota represents a host risk factor for NTM infection. In this study, 69 sputum samples were collected from 59 people with CF; 42 samples from 32 subjects with NTM infection (14 samples collected before incident NTM infection and 28 samples collected following incident NTM infection) were compared to 27 samples from 27 subjects without NTM infection. Sputum samples were analyzed with 16S rRNA gene sequencing and metabolomics. A supervised classification and correlation analysis framework (sparse partial least-squares discriminant analysis [sPLS-DA]) was used to identify correlations between the microbial and metabolomic profiles of the NTM cases compared to the NTM-negative controls. Several metabolites significantly differed in the NTM cases compared to controls, including decreased levels of tryptophan-associated and branched-chain amino acid metabolites, while compounds involved in phospholipid metabolism displayed increased levels. When the metabolome and microbiome data were integrated by sPLS-DA, the models and component ordinations showed separation between the NTM and control samples. While this study could not determine if the observed differences in sputum metabolites between the cohorts reflect metabolic changes that occurred as a result of the NTM infection or metabolic features that contributed to NTM acquisition, it is hypothesis generating for future work to investigate host and bacterial community factors that may contribute to NTM infection risk in CF. IMPORTANCE Host risk factors for nontuberculous mycobacterial (NTM) infection in people with cystic fibrosis (CF) are largely unclear. The goal of this study was to help identify potential host and bacterial community risk factors for NTM infection in people with CF, using microbiome and metabolome data from CF sputum samples. The data obtained in this study identified several metabolic profile differences in sputum associated with NTM infection in CF, including 2-methylcitrate/homocitrate and selected ceramides. These findings represent potential risk factors and therapeutic targets for preventing and/or treating NTM infections in people with CF.
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11
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Lee WK, Maaß M, Quach A, Poscic N, Prangley H, Pallott EC, Kim JL, Pierce JS, Ogretmen B, Futerman AH, Thévenod F. Dependence of ABCB1 transporter expression and function on distinct sphingolipids generated by ceramide synthases-2 and -6 in chemoresistant renal cancer. J Biol Chem 2021; 298:101492. [PMID: 34915026 PMCID: PMC8804196 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.101492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Oncogenic multidrug resistance is commonly intrinsic to renal cancer based on the physiological expression of detoxification transporters, particularly ABCB1, thus hampering chemotherapy. ABCB1 activity is directly dependent on its lipid microenvironment, localizing to cholesterol- and sphingomyelin (SM)-rich domains. As ceramides are the sole source for SMs, we hypothesized that ceramide synthase (CerS)-derived ceramides regulate ABCB1 activity. Using data from RNA-Seq databases, we found that patient kidney tumors exhibited increased CerS2 mRNA, which was inversely correlated with CerS6 mRNA in ABCB1+ clear cell carcinomas. Endogenous elevated CerS2 and lower CerS5/6 mRNA and protein resulted in disproportionately higher CerS2 to CerS5/6 activities (approximately twofold) in chemoresistant ABCB1high (A498, Caki-1) compared with chemosensitive ABCB1low (ACHN, normal human proximal convoluted tubule cell) cells. In addition, lipidomics analyses by HPLC–MS/MS showed bias toward CerS2-associated C20:0/C20:1-ceramides compared with CerS5/6-associated C14:0/C16:0-ceramides (2:1). SMs were similarly altered. We demonstrated that chemoresistance to doxorubicin in ABCB1high cells was partially reversed by inhibitors of de novo ceramide synthesis (l-cycloserine) and CerS (fumonisin B1) in cell viability assays. Downregulation of CerS2/6, but not CerS5, attenuated ABCB1 mRNA, protein, plasma membrane localization, rhodamine 123+ efflux transport activity, and doxorubicin resistance. Similar findings were observed with catalytically inactive CerS6-H212A. Furthermore, CerS6-targeting siRNA shifted ceramide and SM composition to ultra long-chain species (C22–C26). Inhibitors of endoplasmic reticulum–associated degradation (eeyarestatin I) and the proteasome (MG132, bortezomib) prevented ABCB1 loss induced by CerS2/6 downregulation. We conclude that a critical balance in ceramide/SM species is prerequisite to ABCB1 expression and functionalization, which could be targeted to reverse multidrug resistance in renal cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wing-Kee Lee
- Institute for Physiology, Pathophysiology and Toxicology, ZBAF, Witten/Herdecke University, Germany; Physiology & Pathophysiology of Cells and Membranes, Medical School OWL, Bielefeld University, Germany.
| | - Michelle Maaß
- Institute for Physiology, Pathophysiology and Toxicology, ZBAF, Witten/Herdecke University, Germany
| | - Amy Quach
- Institute for Physiology, Pathophysiology and Toxicology, ZBAF, Witten/Herdecke University, Germany; Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, UK
| | - Nataliya Poscic
- Institute for Physiology, Pathophysiology and Toxicology, ZBAF, Witten/Herdecke University, Germany
| | - Holly Prangley
- Institute for Physiology, Pathophysiology and Toxicology, ZBAF, Witten/Herdecke University, Germany; Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, UK
| | - Erin-Claire Pallott
- Institute for Physiology, Pathophysiology and Toxicology, ZBAF, Witten/Herdecke University, Germany; Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, UK
| | - Jiyoon L Kim
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel
| | - Jason S Pierce
- Lipidomics Shared Resource, Medical University of South Carolina, USA
| | - Besim Ogretmen
- Lipidomics Shared Resource, Medical University of South Carolina, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, USA
| | - Anthony H Futerman
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel
| | - Frank Thévenod
- Institute for Physiology, Pathophysiology and Toxicology, ZBAF, Witten/Herdecke University, Germany
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12
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Schneider-Schaulies S, Schumacher F, Wigger D, Schöl M, Waghmare T, Schlegel J, Seibel J, Kleuser B. Sphingolipids: Effectors and Achilles Heals in Viral Infections? Cells 2021; 10:cells10092175. [PMID: 34571822 PMCID: PMC8466362 DOI: 10.3390/cells10092175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
As viruses are obligatory intracellular parasites, any step during their life cycle strictly depends on successful interaction with their particular host cells. In particular, their interaction with cellular membranes is of crucial importance for most steps in the viral replication cycle. Such interactions are initiated by uptake of viral particles and subsequent trafficking to intracellular compartments to access their replication compartments which provide a spatially confined environment concentrating viral and cellular components, and subsequently, employ cellular membranes for assembly and exit of viral progeny. The ability of viruses to actively modulate lipid composition such as sphingolipids (SLs) is essential for successful completion of the viral life cycle. In addition to their structural and biophysical properties of cellular membranes, some sphingolipid (SL) species are bioactive and as such, take part in cellular signaling processes involved in regulating viral replication. It is especially due to the progress made in tools to study accumulation and dynamics of SLs, which visualize their compartmentalization and identify interaction partners at a cellular level, as well as the availability of genetic knockout systems, that the role of particular SL species in the viral replication process can be analyzed and, most importantly, be explored as targets for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sibylle Schneider-Schaulies
- Institute for Virology and Immunobiology, University of Wuerzburg, 97078 Würzburg, Germany; (S.S.-S.); (M.S.); (T.W.)
| | - Fabian Schumacher
- Institute of Pharmacy, Pharmacology and Toxicology, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany; (F.S.); (D.W.)
| | - Dominik Wigger
- Institute of Pharmacy, Pharmacology and Toxicology, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany; (F.S.); (D.W.)
| | - Marie Schöl
- Institute for Virology and Immunobiology, University of Wuerzburg, 97078 Würzburg, Germany; (S.S.-S.); (M.S.); (T.W.)
| | - Trushnal Waghmare
- Institute for Virology and Immunobiology, University of Wuerzburg, 97078 Würzburg, Germany; (S.S.-S.); (M.S.); (T.W.)
| | - Jan Schlegel
- Department for Biotechnology and Biophysics, University of Wuerzburg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany;
| | - Jürgen Seibel
- Department for Organic Chemistry, University of Wuerzburg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany;
| | - Burkhard Kleuser
- Institute of Pharmacy, Pharmacology and Toxicology, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany; (F.S.); (D.W.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-30-8386-9823
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13
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Olona A, Hateley C, Muralidharan S, Wenk MR, Torta F, Behmoaras J. Sphingolipid metabolism during Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)-mediated macrophage activation. Br J Pharmacol 2021; 178:4575-4587. [PMID: 34363204 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophage activation in response to stimulation of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) provides a paradigm for investigating energy metabolism that regulates the inflammatory response. TLR4-mediated pro-inflammatory macrophage activation is characterized by increased glycolysis and altered mitochondrial metabolism, supported by selective amino acid uptake and/or usage. Fatty acid metabolism remains as a highly complex rewiring that accompanies classical macrophage activation. TLR4 activation leads to de novo synthesis of fatty acids, which flux into sphingolipids, complex lipids that form the building blocks of eukaryotic cell membranes and regulate cell function. Here, we review the importance of TLR4-mediated de novo synthesis of membrane sphingolipids in macrophages. We first highlight fatty acid metabolism during TLR4-driven macrophage immunometabolism. We then focus on the temporal dynamics of sphingolipid biosynthesis and emphasize the modulatory role of some sphingolipid species (i.e. sphingomyelins, ceramides and glycosphingolipids) on the pro-inflammatory and pro-resolution phases of LPS/TLR4 activation in macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoni Olona
- Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
| | - Charlotte Hateley
- Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
| | | | - Markus R Wenk
- SLING, Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Federico Torta
- SLING, Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jacques Behmoaras
- Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK.,Programme in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders and Centre for Computational Biology, Duke-NUS Medical School Singapore, Republic of Singapore
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14
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Wang J, Chen YL, Li YK, Chen DK, He JF, Yao N. Functions of Sphingolipids in Pathogenesis During Host-Pathogen Interactions. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:701041. [PMID: 34408731 PMCID: PMC8366399 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.701041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Sphingolipids are a class of membrane lipids that serve as vital structural and signaling bioactive molecules in organisms ranging from yeast to animals. Recent studies have emphasized the importance of sphingolipids as signaling molecules in the development and pathogenicity of microbial pathogens including bacteria, fungi, and viruses. In particular, sphingolipids play key roles in regulating the delicate balance between microbes and hosts during microbial pathogenesis. Some pathogens, such as bacteria and viruses, harness host sphingolipids to promote development and infection, whereas sphingolipids from both the host and pathogen are involved in fungus-host interactions. Moreover, a regulatory role for sphingolipids has been described, but their effects on host physiology and metabolism remain to be elucidated. Here, we summarize the current state of knowledge about the roles of sphingolipids in pathogenesis and interactions with host factors, including how sphingolipids modify pathogen and host metabolism with a focus on pathogenesis regulators and relevant metabolic enzymes. In addition, we discuss emerging perspectives on targeting sphingolipids that function in host-microbe interactions as new therapeutic strategies for infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resource, School of Agriculture, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi-Li Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resource, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yong-Kang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resource, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ding-Kang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resource, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jia-Fan He
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resource, School of Agriculture, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Nan Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resource, School of Agriculture, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resource, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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15
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Ilnytska O, Lai K, Gorshkov K, Schultz ML, Tran BN, Jeziorek M, Kunkel TJ, Azaria RD, McLoughlin HS, Waghalter M, Xu Y, Schlame M, Altan-Bonnet N, Zheng W, Lieberman AP, Dobrowolski R, Storch J. Enrichment of NPC1-deficient cells with the lipid LBPA stimulates autophagy, improves lysosomal function, and reduces cholesterol storage. J Biol Chem 2021; 297:100813. [PMID: 34023384 PMCID: PMC8294588 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Niemann-Pick C (NPC) is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by mutations in the NPC1 or NPC2 genes encoding endolysosomal lipid transport proteins, leading to cholesterol accumulation and autophagy dysfunction. We have previously shown that enrichment of NPC1-deficient cells with the anionic lipid lysobisphosphatidic acid (LBPA; also called bis(monoacylglycerol)phosphate) via treatment with its precursor phosphatidylglycerol (PG) results in a dramatic decrease in cholesterol storage. However, the mechanisms underlying this reduction are unknown. In the present study, we showed using biochemical and imaging approaches in both NPC1-deficient cellular models and an NPC1 mouse model that PG incubation/LBPA enrichment significantly improved the compromised autophagic flux associated with NPC1 disease, providing a route for NPC1-independent endolysosomal cholesterol mobilization. PG/LBPA enrichment specifically enhanced the late stages of autophagy, and effects were mediated by activation of the lysosomal enzyme acid sphingomyelinase. PG incubation also led to robust and specific increases in LBPA species with polyunsaturated acyl chains, potentially increasing the propensity for membrane fusion events, which are critical for late-stage autophagy progression. Finally, we demonstrated that PG/LBPA treatment efficiently cleared cholesterol and toxic protein aggregates in Purkinje neurons of the NPC1I1061T mouse model. Collectively, these findings provide a mechanistic basis supporting cellular LBPA as a potential new target for therapeutic intervention in NPC disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Ilnytska
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA; Rutgers Center for Lipid Research, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA.
| | - Kimberly Lai
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Kirill Gorshkov
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Mark L Schultz
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Bruce Nguyen Tran
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Maciej Jeziorek
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Thaddeus J Kunkel
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Ruth D Azaria
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Hayley S McLoughlin
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Miriam Waghalter
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Yang Xu
- Departments of Anesthesiology and Cell Biology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Michael Schlame
- Departments of Anesthesiology and Cell Biology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Nihal Altan-Bonnet
- Laboratory of Host-Pathogen Dynamics, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Wei Zheng
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Andrew P Lieberman
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Radek Dobrowolski
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey, USA; Rutgers Center for Lipid Research, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Judith Storch
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA; Rutgers Center for Lipid Research, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA.
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16
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Yao L, Hu Q, Zhang C, Ghonaim AH, Cheng Y, Ma H, Yu X, Wang J, Fan X, He Q. Untargeted LC-MS based metabolomic profiling of iPAMs to investigate lipid metabolic pathways alternations induced by different Pseudorabies virus strains. Vet Microbiol 2021; 256:109041. [PMID: 33813308 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2021.109041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Owing to viral recombination, interspecies transmission, and evolution, variant pseudorabies virus (PRV) strains exhibit different biological characteristics and pathogenicity. To improve the understanding of common and specific metabolic changes that occur upon infection by different PRV strains, we herein describe the comprehensive analysis of metabolites of PRV vaccine strain (Bartha K61), classical strain (EA) and variant strain (HNX) infection in immortalized porcine alveolar macrophage cells. Compared with uninfected cells, cells infected with Bartha K61, EA and HNX had 246, 225, and 272 differing metabolites, respectively. In the three types of PRV-strain-infected cells, lipids and lipid-like molecules accounted for over 50 % of the altered metabolites. As these viruses are enveloped, viral replication, assembly and release occur on cellular membranes primed through the manipulation of the host metabolism. We analyzed the potential relationship between virus replication and the virus-mediated host metabolism. Our study resulted in the first reconstruction of the major lipid metabolic pathways involved in PRV infection, including those of glycerophospholipids, sphingolipids, glycerolipids, and fatty acyls. In addition, the metabolic perturbations caused by different PRV strain infections are consistent across many species, however, our results also revealed many specific metabolic alterations during HNX infection, such as the enrichment of phosphatidylinositol and 15R-PGE2 methyl ester 15-acetate, and the diminishment of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidic acid, and ceramides. These strain-specific altered metabolites may be linked to the unique biological characteristics and pathogenicity of the HNX strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lun Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430000, China; The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430000, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430000, China
| | - Qiao Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430000, China; The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430000, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430000, China
| | - Chengjun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430000, China; The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430000, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430000, China
| | - Ahmed H Ghonaim
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430000, China; The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430000, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430000, China; Desert Research Center, Cairo, 11435, Egypt
| | - Yufang Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430000, China; The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430000, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430000, China
| | - Hailong Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430000, China; The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430000, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430000, China
| | - Xuexiang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430000, China; The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430000, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430000, China
| | - Junwei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430000, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430000, China
| | - Xiansheng Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430000, China; The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430000, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430000, China
| | - Qigai He
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430000, China; The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430000, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430000, China.
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17
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Chung HY, Claus RA. Keep Your Friends Close, but Your Enemies Closer: Role of Acid Sphingomyelinase During Infection and Host Response. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 7:616500. [PMID: 33553211 PMCID: PMC7859284 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2020.616500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Breakdown of the inert and constitutive membrane building block sphingomyelin to the highly active lipid mediator ceramide by extracellularly active acid sphingomyelinase is tightly regulated during stress response and opens the gate for invading pathogens, triggering the immune response, development of remote organ failure, and tissue repair following severe infection. How do one enzyme and one mediator manage all of these affairs? Under physiological conditions, the enzyme is located in the lysosomes and takes part in the noiseless metabolism of sphingolipids, but following stress the protein is secreted into circulation. When secreted, acid sphingomyelinase (ASM) is able to hydrolyze sphingomyelin present at the outer leaflet of membranes to ceramide. Its generation troubles the biophysical context of cellular membranes resulting in functional assembly and reorganization of proteins and receptors, also embedded in highly conserved response mechanisms. As a consequence of cellular signaling, not only induction of cell death but also proliferation, differentiation, and fibrogenesis are affected. Here, we discuss the current state of the art on both the impact and function of the enzyme during host response and damage control. Also, the potential role of lysosomotropic agents as functional inhibitors of this upstream alarming cascade is highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ha-Yeun Chung
- Section Translational Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany.,Center for Sepsis Control and Care, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Ralf A Claus
- Department for Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
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18
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Chen JX, Han YS, Zhang SQ, Li ZB, Chen J, Yi WJ, Huang H, Jiang TT, Li JC. Novel therapeutic evaluation biomarkers of lipid metabolism targets in uncomplicated pulmonary tuberculosis patients. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2021; 6:22. [PMID: 33462176 PMCID: PMC7814055 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-020-00427-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Revised: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Currently, the management of pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) lacks potent medications and accurate efficacy evaluation biomarkers. In view of the fact that the host lipids are the important energy source of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), UPLC-MS/MS based on lipid metabolism was used to monitor the plasma lipid spectrum of TB patients from the initial diagnosis to cured. The analysis showed that TB patients presented aberrant metabolism of phospholipids, glycerides, and sphingolipids. Upon the treatment, the abnormal expression of Cer (d18:1/24:0), CerP (d18:1/20:3), LPE (0:0/22:0), LPA (0:0/16:0), and LPA (0:0/18:0) in TB patients were gradually normalized, indicating that the intervention of lipid metabolism could block energy metabolism and inhibit the cell wall synthesis of Mtb. Furthermore, the increase in ceramide (Cer) levels could promote autophagosome-lysosome fusion. LPA (0:0/16:0) and LPA (0:0/18:0) had a great potential in the early diagnosis (both sensitivity and specificity were 100%) and efficacy evaluation (both sensitivity and specificity were 100%) of TB, indicating that the above lipid metabolites could be used as potential biomarkers for TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Xi Chen
- Institute of Cell Biology and Department of Cardiology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 310058, Hangzhou, China
- The Medical Research Center of Yue Bei People's Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, 512025, Shaoguan, China
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Shaoguan University School of Medicine, 512025, Shaoguan, China
- Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, 318050, Taizhou, China
| | - Yu-Shuai Han
- Institute of Cell Biology and Department of Cardiology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 310058, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shan-Qiang Zhang
- The Medical Research Center of Yue Bei People's Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, 512025, Shaoguan, China
| | - Zhi-Bin Li
- Institute of Cell Biology and Department of Cardiology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 310058, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Institute of Cell Biology and Department of Cardiology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 310058, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wen-Jing Yi
- Institute of Cell Biology and Department of Cardiology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 310058, Hangzhou, China
- The Medical Research Center of Yue Bei People's Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, 512025, Shaoguan, China
| | - Huai Huang
- Institute of Cell Biology and Department of Cardiology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 310058, Hangzhou, China
- The Medical Research Center of Yue Bei People's Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, 512025, Shaoguan, China
| | - Ting-Ting Jiang
- The Medical Research Center of Yue Bei People's Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, 512025, Shaoguan, China
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Shaoguan University School of Medicine, 512025, Shaoguan, China
| | - Ji-Cheng Li
- Institute of Cell Biology and Department of Cardiology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 310058, Hangzhou, China.
- The Medical Research Center of Yue Bei People's Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, 512025, Shaoguan, China.
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Shaoguan University School of Medicine, 512025, Shaoguan, China.
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19
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Acid Sphingomyelinase Contributes to the Control of Mycobacterial Infection via a Signaling Cascade Leading from Reactive Oxygen Species to Cathepsin D. Cells 2020; 9:cells9112406. [PMID: 33153072 PMCID: PMC7693114 DOI: 10.3390/cells9112406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis, caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, is one of the most severe diseases worldwide. The initial pulmonary localization of the pathogen often develops into systemic infection with high lethality. The present work investigated the role of sphingolipids, specifically the function of acid sphingomyelinase (Asm) and ceramide, in infection of murine macrophages in vitro and mice in vivo with Mycobacterium bovis Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG). In vitro, we investigated macrophages from wild-type (wt) and Asm deficient (Asm−/−) mice to define signaling events induced by BCG infection and mediated by Asm. We demonstrate that infection of wt macrophages results in activation of Asm, which increases reactive oxygen species (ROS) via stimulation of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase. ROS promote BCG degradation by cathepsin D. Asm deficiency in macrophages abrogates these effects. In vivo studies reveal that wt mice rapidly control BCG infection, while Asm−/− mice fail to control the infection and kill the bacteria. Transplantation of wt macrophages into Asm−/− mice reversed their susceptibility to BCG, demonstrating the importance of Asm in macrophages for defense against BCG. These findings indicate that Asm is important for the control of BCG infection.
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20
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Kattan WE, Hancock JF. RAS Function in cancer cells: translating membrane biology and biochemistry into new therapeutics. Biochem J 2020; 477:2893-2919. [PMID: 32797215 PMCID: PMC7891675 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20190839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The three human RAS proteins are mutated and constitutively activated in ∼20% of cancers leading to cell growth and proliferation. For the past three decades, many attempts have been made to inhibit these proteins with little success. Recently; however, multiple methods have emerged to inhibit KRAS, the most prevalently mutated isoform. These methods and the underlying biology will be discussed in this review with a special focus on KRAS-plasma membrane interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walaa E. Kattan
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, TX 77030, USA
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, TX 77030, USA
| | - John F. Hancock
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, TX 77030, USA
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, TX 77030, USA
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21
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Wang X, Wang Y, Xu J, Xue C. Sphingolipids in food and their critical roles in human health. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2020; 61:462-491. [PMID: 32208869 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1736510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Sphingolipids (SLs) are ubiquitous structural components of cell membranes and are essential for cell functions under physiological conditions or during disease progression. Abundant evidence supports that SLs and their metabolites, including ceramide (Cer), ceramide-1-phosphate (C1P), sphingosine (So), sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), are signaling molecules that regulate a diverse range of cellular processes and human health. However, there are limited reviews on the emerging roles of exogenous dietary SLs in human health. In this review, we discuss the ubiquitous presence of dietary SLs, highlighting their structures and contents in foodstuffs, particularly in sea foods. The digestion and metabolism of dietary SLs is also discussed. Focus is given to the roles of SLs in both the etiology and prevention of diseases, including bacterial infection, cancers, neurogenesis and neurodegenerative diseases, skin integrity, and metabolic syndrome (MetS). We propose that dietary SLs represent a "functional" constituent as emerging strategies for improving human health. Gaps in research that could be of future interest are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxu Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Yuming Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, China.,Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Jie Xu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Changhu Xue
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, China.,Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong, China
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22
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Lang J, Bohn P, Bhat H, Jastrow H, Walkenfort B, Cansiz F, Fink J, Bauer M, Olszewski D, Ramos-Nascimento A, Duhan V, Friedrich SK, Becker KA, Krawczyk A, Edwards MJ, Burchert A, Huber M, Friebus-Kardash J, Göthert JR, Hardt C, Probst HC, Schumacher F, Köhrer K, Kleuser B, Babiychuk EB, Sodeik B, Seibel J, Greber UF, Lang PA, Gulbins E, Lang KS. Acid ceramidase of macrophages traps herpes simplex virus in multivesicular bodies and protects from severe disease. Nat Commun 2020; 11:1338. [PMID: 32165633 PMCID: PMC7067866 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-15072-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages have important protective functions during infection with herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1). However, molecular mechanisms that restrict viral propagation and protect from severe disease are unclear. Here we show that macrophages take up HSV-1 via endocytosis and transport the virions into multivesicular bodies (MVBs). In MVBs, acid ceramidase (aCDase) converts ceramide into sphingosine and increases the formation of sphingosine-rich intraluminal vesicles (ILVs). Once HSV-1 particles reach MVBs, sphingosine-rich ILVs bind to HSV-1 particles, which restricts fusion with the limiting endosomal membrane and prevents cellular infection. Lack of aCDase in macrophage cultures or in Asah1-/- mice results in replication of HSV-1 and Asah1-/- mice die soon after systemic or intravaginal inoculation. The treatment of macrophages with sphingosine enhancing compounds blocks HSV-1 propagation, suggesting a therapeutic potential of this pathway. In conclusion, aCDase loads ILVs with sphingosine, which prevents HSV-1 capsids from penetrating into the cytosol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Lang
- Institute of Immunology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, Essen, D-45147, Germany
| | - Patrick Bohn
- Institute of Immunology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, Essen, D-45147, Germany
| | - Hilal Bhat
- Institute of Immunology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, Essen, D-45147, Germany
| | - Holger Jastrow
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, Essen, D-45147, Germany.,Institut for Experimental Immunology and Imaging, Imaging Center Essen, Electron Microscopy Unit, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, Essen, D-45147, Germany
| | - Bernd Walkenfort
- Institut for Experimental Immunology and Imaging, Imaging Center Essen, Electron Microscopy Unit, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, Essen, D-45147, Germany
| | - Feyza Cansiz
- Institute of Immunology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, Essen, D-45147, Germany
| | - Julian Fink
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, Würzburg, D-97074, Germany
| | - Michael Bauer
- Department of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstr. 190, CH-8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Dominik Olszewski
- Department of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstr. 190, CH-8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ana Ramos-Nascimento
- Institute of Virology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, Hannover, D-30625, Germany
| | - Vikas Duhan
- Institute of Immunology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, Essen, D-45147, Germany
| | - Sarah-Kim Friedrich
- Institute of Immunology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, Essen, D-45147, Germany
| | - Katrin Anne Becker
- Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, Essen, D-45147, Germany
| | - Adalbert Krawczyk
- Institute for Virology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, Essen, D-45147, Germany.,Department of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital of Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, Essen, D-45147, Germany
| | - Michael J Edwards
- Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Andreas Burchert
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, University Hospital Giessen and Marburg, Campus Marburg, Baldingerstr., Marburg, D-35043, Germany
| | - Magdalena Huber
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, Philipps-University Marburg, Hans-Meerwein Str. 2, Marburg, D-35043, Germany
| | - Justa Friebus-Kardash
- Institute of Immunology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, Essen, D-45147, Germany
| | - Joachim R Göthert
- Department of Hematology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital of Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, Essen, D-45147, Germany
| | - Cornelia Hardt
- Institute of Immunology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, Essen, D-45147, Germany
| | - Hans Christian Probst
- Institute of Immunology, University Medical Center Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, Mainz, D-55131, Germany
| | - Fabian Schumacher
- Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, Essen, D-45147, Germany.,Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Arthur-Scheunert Allee 114-116, Nuthetal, D-14558, Germany
| | - Karl Köhrer
- Biological and Medical Research Center (BMFZ), Heinrich-Heine-University, Universitätsstr. 1, Düsseldorf, D-40225, Germany
| | - Burkhard Kleuser
- Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Arthur-Scheunert Allee 114-116, Nuthetal, D-14558, Germany
| | - Eduard B Babiychuk
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Bern, Baltzerstr. 4, CH-3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Beate Sodeik
- Institute of Virology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, Hannover, D-30625, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence RESIST (EXC 2155), Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, Hannover, D-30625, Germany
| | - Jürgen Seibel
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, Würzburg, D-97074, Germany
| | - Urs F Greber
- Department of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstr. 190, CH-8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Philipp A Lang
- Department of Molecular Medicine II, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Universitätsstr. 1, Düsseldorf, D-40225, Germany
| | - Erich Gulbins
- Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, Essen, D-45147, Germany.,Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Karl S Lang
- Institute of Immunology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, Essen, D-45147, Germany.
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23
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Interaction of Synaptosomal-Associated Protein 25 with Neutral Sphingomyelinase 2: Functional Impact on the Sphingomyelin Pathway. Neuroscience 2020; 427:1-15. [PMID: 31765623 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2019.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Neurotransmitter release is mediated by ceramide, which is generated by sphingomyelin hydrolysis. In the present study, we examined whether synaptosomal-associated protein 25 (SNAP-25) is involved in ceramide production and exocytosis. Neutral sphingomyelinase 2 (nSMase2) was partially purified from bovine brain and we found that SNAP-25 was enriched in the nSMase2-containing fractions. In rat synaptosomes and PC12 cells, the immunoprecipitation pellet of anti-SNAP-25 antibody showed higher nSMase activity than the immunoprecipitation pellet of anti-nSMase2 antibody. In PC12 cells, SNAP-25 was colocalized with nSMase2. Transfection of SNAP-25 small interfering RNA (siRNA) significantly inhibited nSMase2 translocation to the plasma membrane. A23187-induced ceramide production was concomitantly reduced in SNAP-25 siRNA-transfected PC12 cells compared with that in scrambled siRNA-transfected cells. Moreover, transfection of SNAP-25 siRNA inhibited dopamine release, whereas addition of C6-ceramide to the siRNA-treated cells moderately reversed this inhibition. Additionally, nSMase2 inhibition reduced dopamine release. Collectively, our results indicate that SNAP-25 interacts with nSMase2 during ceramide production, which mediates exocytosis and neurotransmitter release.
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24
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Guzman G, Niekamp P, Tafesse FG. The Squeaky Yeast Gets Greased: The Roles of Host Lipids in the Clearance of Pathogenic Fungi. J Fungi (Basel) 2020; 6:E19. [PMID: 32024011 PMCID: PMC7151219 DOI: 10.3390/jof6010019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Revised: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Fungal infections remain a global health threat with high morbidity and mortality. The human immune system must, therefore, perpetually defend against invasive fungal infections. Phagocytosis is critical for the clearance of fungal pathogens, as this cellular process allows select immune cells to internalize and destroy invading fungal cells. While much is known about the protein players that enable phagocytosis, the various roles that lipids play during this fundamental innate immune process are still being illuminated. In this review, we describe recent discoveries that shed new light on the mechanisms by which host lipids enable the phagocytic uptake and clearance of fungal pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaelen Guzman
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA; (G.G.); (P.N.)
| | - Patrick Niekamp
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA; (G.G.); (P.N.)
- Biology & Chemistry Department, University of Osnabrück, Fachbereich Biologie/Chemie, Barbarastrasse 13, 49076 Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Fikadu Geta Tafesse
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA; (G.G.); (P.N.)
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25
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Wu Y, Gulbins E, Grassmé H. The function of sphingomyelinases in mycobacterial infections. Biol Chem 2019; 399:1125-1133. [PMID: 29924725 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2018-0179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB), caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, is one of the deadliest and most important infectious diseases worldwide. The sphingomyelinase/ceramide system, which has been shown several times to be a crucial factor in the internalization, processing and killing of diverse pathogens, also modulates the pro-inflammatory response and the state of mycobacteria in macrophages. Both acid and neutral sphingomyelinases are important in this activity. However, studies of the role of sphingomyelinases in TB are still at an early stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Wu
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, D-45122 Essen, Germany
| | - Erich Gulbins
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, D-45122 Essen, Germany.,Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati, 231 Albert Sabin Way, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Heike Grassmé
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, D-45122 Essen, Germany
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26
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Cockburn CL, Green RS, Damle SR, Martin RK, Ghahrai NN, Colonne PM, Fullerton MS, Conrad DH, Chalfant CE, Voth DE, Rucks EA, Gilk SD, Carlyon JA. Functional inhibition of acid sphingomyelinase disrupts infection by intracellular bacterial pathogens. Life Sci Alliance 2019; 2:e201800292. [PMID: 30902833 PMCID: PMC6431796 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.201800292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2018] [Revised: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Intracellular bacteria that live in host cell-derived vacuoles are significant causes of human disease. Parasitism of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol is essential for many vacuole-adapted bacteria. Acid sphingomyelinase (ASM) influences LDL cholesterol egress from the lysosome. Using functional inhibitors of ASM (FIASMAs), we show that ASM activity is key for infection cycles of vacuole-adapted bacteria that target cholesterol trafficking-Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Coxiella burnetii, Chlamydia trachomatis, and Chlamydia pneumoniae. Vacuole maturation, replication, and infectious progeny generation by A. phagocytophilum, which exclusively hijacks LDL cholesterol, are halted and C. burnetii, for which lysosomal cholesterol accumulation is bactericidal, is killed by FIASMAs. Infection cycles of Chlamydiae, which hijack LDL cholesterol and other lipid sources, are suppressed but less so than A. phagocytophilum or C. burnetii A. phagocytophilum fails to productively infect ASM-/- or FIASMA-treated mice. These findings establish the importance of ASM for infection by intracellular bacteria and identify FIASMAs as potential host-directed therapies for diseases caused by pathogens that manipulate LDL cholesterol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chelsea L Cockburn
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Virginia Commonwealth University Medical Center, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Ryan S Green
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Virginia Commonwealth University Medical Center, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Sheela R Damle
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Virginia Commonwealth University Medical Center, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Rebecca K Martin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Virginia Commonwealth University Medical Center, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Naomi N Ghahrai
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Virginia Commonwealth University Medical Center, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Punsiri M Colonne
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Marissa S Fullerton
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Daniel H Conrad
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Virginia Commonwealth University Medical Center, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Charles E Chalfant
- Department of Cell Biology, Microbiology, and Molecular Biology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Daniel E Voth
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Rucks
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Stacey D Gilk
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Jason A Carlyon
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Virginia Commonwealth University Medical Center, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA
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27
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Fernández-Oliva A, Ortega-González P, Risco C. Targeting host lipid flows: Exploring new antiviral and antibiotic strategies. Cell Microbiol 2019; 21:e12996. [PMID: 30585688 PMCID: PMC7162424 DOI: 10.1111/cmi.12996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Revised: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Bacteria and viruses pose serious challenges for humans because they evolve continuously. Despite ongoing efforts, antiviral drugs to treat many of the most troubling viruses have not been approved yet. The recent launch of new antimicrobials is generating hope as more and more pathogens around the world become resistant to available drugs. But extra effort is still needed. One of the current strategies for antiviral and antibiotic drug development is the search for host cellular pathways used by many different pathogens. For example, many viruses and bacteria alter lipid synthesis and transport to build their own organelles inside infected cells. The characterization of these interactions will be fundamental to identify new targets for antiviral and antibiotic drug development. This review discusses how viruses and bacteria subvert cell machineries for lipid synthesis and transport and summarises the most promising compounds that interfere with these pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Cristina Risco
- Cell Structure Lab, National Centre for Biotechnology, CNB-CSIC, Madrid, Spain
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28
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Baker JE, Boudreau RM, Seitz AP, Caldwell CC, Gulbins E, Edwards MJ. Sphingolipids and Innate Immunity: A New Approach to Infection in the Post-Antibiotic Era? Surg Infect (Larchmt) 2018; 19:792-803. [DOI: 10.1089/sur.2018.187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer E. Baker
- Division of Research, Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Ryan M. Boudreau
- Division of Research, Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Aaron P. Seitz
- Division of Research, Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Charles C. Caldwell
- Division of Research, Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
- Division of Research, Shriners Hospital for Children, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Erich Gulbins
- Division of Research, Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
- Department of Molecular Biology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Michael J. Edwards
- Division of Research, Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
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29
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Tawk C, Nigro G, Rodrigues Lopes I, Aguilar C, Lisowski C, Mano M, Sansonetti P, Vogel J, Eulalio A. Stress-induced host membrane remodeling protects from infection by non-motile bacterial pathogens. EMBO J 2018; 37:embj.201798529. [PMID: 30389666 PMCID: PMC6276891 DOI: 10.15252/embj.201798529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Revised: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
While mucosal inflammation is a major source of stress during enteropathogen infection, it remains to be fully elucidated how the host benefits from this environment to clear the pathogen. Here, we show that host stress induced by different stimuli mimicking inflammatory conditions strongly reduces the binding of Shigella flexneri to epithelial cells. Mechanistically, stress activates acid sphingomyelinase leading to host membrane remodeling. Consequently, knockdown or pharmacological inhibition of the acid sphingomyelinase blunts the stress-dependent inhibition of Shigella binding to host cells. Interestingly, stress caused by intracellular Shigella replication also results in remodeling of the host cell membrane, in vitro and in vivo, which precludes re-infection by this and other non-motile pathogens. In contrast, Salmonella Typhimurium overcomes the shortage of permissive entry sites by gathering effectively at the remaining platforms through its flagellar motility. Overall, our findings reveal host membrane remodeling as a novel stress-responsive cell-autonomous defense mechanism that protects epithelial cells from infection by non-motile bacterial pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Tawk
- Host RNA Metabolism Group, Institute for Molecular Infection Biology (IMIB), University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.,RNA Biology Group, Institute for Molecular Infection Biology (IMIB), University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Giulia Nigro
- Molecular Microbial Pathogenesis Laboratory, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Ines Rodrigues Lopes
- Functional Genomics and RNA-based Therapeutics, UC-BIOTECH, Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,RNA & Infection Group, UC-BIOTECH, Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Carmen Aguilar
- Host RNA Metabolism Group, Institute for Molecular Infection Biology (IMIB), University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Clivia Lisowski
- Host RNA Metabolism Group, Institute for Molecular Infection Biology (IMIB), University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Miguel Mano
- Functional Genomics and RNA-based Therapeutics, UC-BIOTECH, Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Philippe Sansonetti
- Molecular Microbial Pathogenesis Laboratory, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Jörg Vogel
- RNA Biology Group, Institute for Molecular Infection Biology (IMIB), University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.,Helmholtz Institute for RNA-Based Infection Research (HIRI), Würzburg, Germany
| | - Ana Eulalio
- Host RNA Metabolism Group, Institute for Molecular Infection Biology (IMIB), University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany .,RNA & Infection Group, UC-BIOTECH, Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
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30
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Affiliation(s)
- Benhur Lee
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
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31
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Aktepe TE, Mackenzie JM. Shaping the flavivirus replication complex: It is curvaceous! Cell Microbiol 2018; 20:e12884. [PMID: 29933527 PMCID: PMC7162344 DOI: 10.1111/cmi.12884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Revised: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Flavivirus replication is intimately involved with remodelled membrane organelles that are compartmentalised for different functions during their life cycle. Recent advances in lipid analyses and gene depletion have identified a number of host components that enable efficient virus replication in infected cells. Here, we describe the current understanding on the role and contribution of host lipids and membrane bending proteins to flavivirus replication, with a particular focus on the components that bend and shape the membrane bilayer to induce the flavivirus-induced organelles characteristic of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Turgut E. Aktepe
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and ImmunityUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneVICAustralia
| | - Jason M. Mackenzie
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and ImmunityUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneVICAustralia
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Wu Y, Gulbins E, Grassmé H. Crosstalk Between Sphingomyelinases and Reactive Oxygen Species in Mycobacterial Infection. Antioxid Redox Signal 2018; 28:935-948. [PMID: 28276697 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2017.7050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Significance: Tuberculosis (TB), which is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, is one of the most important infections worldwide. The sphingomyelinase/ceramide system, which has been shown to be a crucial factor in internalizing and killing various pathogens, modulates both the proinflammatory response and the state of mycobacteria in macrophages. However, studies about the role of sphingomyelinases in TB are still at an early stage. Recent Advances: Recent studies elucidated several roles of sphingomyelinases in manipulating mycobacterial infections. On the one hand, acid sphingomyelinase (Asm) promotes the fusion of bacteria-containing phagosomes and lysosomes, whereas on the other hand, Asm-derived ceramide induces cell death. Neutral sphingomyelinase (Nsm) enhances the release of reactive oxygen species, which suppress autophagy in infected macrophages in vitro and in vivo, allowing the pathogen to survive within macrophages. These findings indicate that the sphingomyelinase/ceramide system plays an important role in the attack of mycobacteria against the host. Critical Issues: Autophagy is a main strategy of mycobacterial clearance in TB, but the relevant mechanisms are still unknown. Additionally, there are indications that both Asm and Nsm are crucially involved in the formation of granulomas, which are a hallmark and a special structure of TB. However, very few findings have yet been published. Future Directions: Additional studies of the Nsm/ceramide system, which contributes to the resistance or susceptibility, respectively, of the host to mycobacterial infections, will detect currently unknown molecular mechanisms. Because inhibitors of Nsm already exist, targeting Nsm may be a novel approach to developing treatment options for mycobacterial infections. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 28, 935-948.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Wu
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Erich Gulbins
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.,Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Heike Grassmé
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
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Won JH, Kim SK, Shin IC, Ha HC, Jang JM, Back MJ, Kim DK. Dopamine transporter trafficking is regulated by neutral sphingomyelinase 2/ceramide kinase. Cell Signal 2018; 44:171-187. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2018.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Revised: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 01/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Müller C, Hardt M, Schwudke D, Neuman BW, Pleschka S, Ziebuhr J. Inhibition of Cytosolic Phospholipase A 2α Impairs an Early Step of Coronavirus Replication in Cell Culture. J Virol 2018; 92:e01463-17. [PMID: 29167338 PMCID: PMC5790932 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01463-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus replication is associated with intracellular membrane rearrangements in infected cells, resulting in the formation of double-membrane vesicles (DMVs) and other membranous structures that are referred to as replicative organelles (ROs). The latter provide a structural scaffold for viral replication/transcription complexes (RTCs) and help to sequester RTC components from recognition by cellular factors involved in antiviral host responses. There is increasing evidence that plus-strand RNA (+RNA) virus replication, including RO formation and virion morphogenesis, affects cellular lipid metabolism and critically depends on enzymes involved in lipid synthesis and processing. Here, we investigated the role of cytosolic phospholipase A2α (cPLA2α) in coronavirus replication using a low-molecular-weight nonpeptidic inhibitor, pyrrolidine-2 (Py-2). The inhibition of cPLA2α activity, which produces lysophospholipids (LPLs) by cleaving at the sn-2 position of phospholipids, had profound effects on viral RNA and protein accumulation in human coronavirus 229E-infected Huh-7 cells. Transmission electron microscopy revealed that DMV formation in infected cells was significantly reduced in the presence of the inhibitor. Furthermore, we found that (i) viral RTCs colocalized with LPL-containing membranes, (ii) cellular LPL concentrations were increased in coronavirus-infected cells, and (iii) this increase was diminished in the presence of the cPLA2α inhibitor Py-2. Py-2 also displayed antiviral activities against other viruses representing the Coronaviridae and Togaviridae families, while members of the Picornaviridae were not affected. Taken together, the study provides evidence that cPLA2α activity is critically involved in the replication of various +RNA virus families and may thus represent a candidate target for broad-spectrum antiviral drug development.IMPORTANCE Examples of highly conserved RNA virus proteins that qualify as drug targets for broad-spectrum antivirals remain scarce, resulting in increased efforts to identify and specifically inhibit cellular functions that are essential for the replication of RNA viruses belonging to different genera and families. The present study supports and extends previous conclusions that enzymes involved in cellular lipid metabolism may be tractable targets for broad-spectrum antivirals. We obtained evidence to show that a cellular phospholipase, cPLA2α, which releases fatty acid from the sn-2 position of membrane-associated glycerophospholipids, is critically involved in coronavirus replication, most likely by producing lysophospholipids that are required to form the specialized membrane compartments in which viral RNA synthesis takes place. The importance of this enzyme in coronavirus replication and DMV formation is supported by several lines of evidence, including confocal and electron microscopy, viral replication, and lipidomics studies of coronavirus-infected cells treated with a highly specific cPLA2α inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christin Müller
- Institute of Medical Virology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Martin Hardt
- Imaging Unit, Biomedical Research Center, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Dominik Schwudke
- Division of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Priority Area Infection, Research Center Borstel, Leibniz Center for Medicine and Bioscience, Borstel, Germany
| | | | - Stephan Pleschka
- Institute of Medical Virology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - John Ziebuhr
- Institute of Medical Virology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
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Becker KA, Fahsel B, Kemper H, Mayeres J, Li C, Wilker B, Keitsch S, Soddemann M, Sehl C, Kohnen M, Edwards MJ, Grassmé H, Caldwell CC, Seitz A, Fraunholz M, Gulbins E. Staphylococcus aureus Alpha-Toxin Disrupts Endothelial-Cell Tight Junctions via Acid Sphingomyelinase and Ceramide. Infect Immun 2018; 86:e00606-17. [PMID: 29084896 PMCID: PMC5736828 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00606-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) infections are among the most common and severe infections, garnering notoriety in an era of increasing resistance to antibiotics. It is therefore important to define molecular mechanisms by which this pathogen attacks host cells. Here, we demonstrate that alpha-toxin, one of the major toxins of S. aureus, induces activation of acid sphingomyelinase and concomitant release of ceramide in endothelial cells treated with the toxin. Activation of acid sphingomyelinase by alpha-toxin is mediated via ADAM10. Infection experiments employing alpha-toxin-deficient S. aureus and the corresponding wild-type strain reveal that activation of acid sphingomyelinase in endothelial cells requires alpha-toxin expression by the pathogen. Activation of acid sphingomyelinase is linked to degradation of tight junctions in endothelial cells in vitro, which is blocked by pharmacological inhibition of acid sphingomyelinase. Most importantly, alpha-toxin induces severe degradation of tight junctions in the lung and causes lung edema in vivo, which is prevented by genetic deficiency of acid sphingomyelinase. These data indicate a novel and important role of the acid sphingomyelinase/ceramide system for the endothelial response to toxins and provide a molecular link between alpha-toxin and the degradation of tight junctions. The data also suggest that inhibition of acid sphingomyelinase may provide a novel treatment option to prevent lung edema caused by S. aureus alpha-toxin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Anne Becker
- Department of Molecular Biology, Medical School, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Cao Li
- Department of Molecular Biology, Medical School, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Barbara Wilker
- Department of Molecular Biology, Medical School, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Simone Keitsch
- Department of Molecular Biology, Medical School, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Matthias Soddemann
- Department of Molecular Biology, Medical School, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Carolin Sehl
- Department of Molecular Biology, Medical School, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | | | - Michael J Edwards
- Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | | | - Charles C Caldwell
- Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Aaron Seitz
- Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Martin Fraunholz
- Chair of Microbiology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Erich Gulbins
- Department of Molecular Biology, Medical School, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
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Teng O, Ang CKE, Guan XL. Macrophage-Bacteria Interactions-A Lipid-Centric Relationship. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1836. [PMID: 29326713 PMCID: PMC5742358 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are professional phagocytes at the front line of immune defenses against foreign bodies and microbial pathogens. Various bacteria, which are responsible for deadly diseases including tuberculosis and salmonellosis, are capable of hijacking this important immune cell type and thrive intracellularly, either in the cytoplasm or in specialized vacuoles. Tight regulation of cellular metabolism is critical in shaping the macrophage polarization states and immune functions. Lipids, besides being the bulk component of biological membranes, serve as energy sources as well as signaling molecules during infection and inflammation. With the advent of systems-scale analyses of genes, transcripts, proteins, and metabolites, in combination with classical biology, it is increasingly evident that macrophages undergo extensive lipid remodeling during activation and infection. Each bacterium species has evolved its own tactics to manipulate host metabolism toward its own advantage. Furthermore, modulation of host lipid metabolism affects disease susceptibility and outcome of infections, highlighting the critical roles of lipids in infectious diseases. Here, we will review the emerging roles of lipids in the complex host-pathogen relationship and discuss recent methodologies employed to probe these versatile metabolites during the infection process. An improved understanding of the lipid-centric nature of infections can lead to the identification of the Achilles' heel of the pathogens and host-directed targets for therapeutic interventions. Currently, lipid-moderating drugs are clinically available for a range of non-communicable diseases, which we anticipate can potentially be tapped into for various infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ooiean Teng
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Candice Ke En Ang
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Xue Li Guan
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
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Biswas R, Trout KL, Jessop F, Harkema JR, Holian A. Imipramine blocks acute silicosis in a mouse model. Part Fibre Toxicol 2017; 14:36. [PMID: 28893276 PMCID: PMC5594487 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-017-0217-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2016] [Accepted: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inhalation of crystalline silica is associated with pulmonary inflammation and silicosis. Although silicosis remains a prevalent health problem throughout the world, effective treatment choices are limited. Imipramine (IMP) is a FDA approved tricyclic antidepressant drug with lysosomotropic characteristics. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential for IMP to reduce silicosis and block phagolysosome membrane permeabilization. METHODS C57BL/6 alveolar macrophages (AM) exposed to crystalline silica ± IMP in vitro were assessed for IL-1β release, cytotoxicity, particle uptake, lysosomal stability, and acid sphingomyelinase activity. Short term (24 h) in vivo studies in mice instilled with silica (± IMP) evaluated inflammation and cytokine release, in addition to cytokine release from ex vivo cultured AM. Long term (six to ten weeks) in vivo studies in mice instilled with silica (± IMP) evaluated histopathology, lung damage, and hydroxyproline content as an indicator of collagen accumulation. RESULTS IMP significantly attenuated silica-induced cytotoxicity and release of mature IL-1β from AM in vitro. IMP treatment in vivo reduced silica-induced inflammation in a short-term model. Furthermore, IMP was effective in blocking silica-induced lung damage and collagen deposition in a long-term model. The mechanism by which IMP reduces inflammation was explored by assessing cellular processes such as particle uptake and acid sphingomyelinase activity. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, IMP was anti-inflammatory against silica exposure in vitro and in vivo. The results were consistent with IMP blocking silica-induced phagolysosomal lysis, thereby preventing cell death and IL-1β release. Thus, IMP could be therapeutic for silica-induced inflammation and subsequent disease progression as well as other diseases involving phagolysosomal lysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rupa Biswas
- Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, 59812, USA
| | - Kevin L Trout
- Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, 59812, USA
| | - Forrest Jessop
- Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, 59812, USA
| | - Jack R Harkema
- Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Andrij Holian
- Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, 59812, USA.
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Lee WK, Kolesnick RN. Sphingolipid abnormalities in cancer multidrug resistance: Chicken or egg? Cell Signal 2017; 38:134-145. [PMID: 28687494 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2017.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Revised: 06/25/2017] [Accepted: 06/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The cancer multidrug resistance (MDR) phenotype encompasses a myriad of molecular, genetic and cellular alterations resulting from progressive oncogenic transformation and selection. Drug efflux transporters, in particular the MDR P-glycoprotein ABCB1, play an important role in MDR but cannot confer the complete phenotype alone indicating parallel alterations are prerequisite. Sphingolipids are essential constituents of lipid raft domains and directly participate in functionalization of transmembrane proteins, including providing an optimal lipid microenvironment for multidrug transporters, and are also perturbed in cancer. Here we postulate that increased sphingomyelin content, developing early in some cancers, recruits and functionalizes plasma membrane ABCB1 conferring a state of partial MDR, which is completed by glycosphingolipid disturbance and the appearance of intracellular vesicular ABCB1. In this review, the independent and interdependent roles of sphingolipid alterations and ABCB1 upregulation during the transformation process and resultant conferment of partial and complete MDR phenotypes are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wing-Kee Lee
- Laboratory of Signal Transduction, Sloan Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, United States; Institute for Physiology, Pathophysiology and Toxicology, Centre for Biomedical Education and Research (ZBAF), Witten/Herdecke University, Witten, Germany.
| | - Richard N Kolesnick
- Laboratory of Signal Transduction, Sloan Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, United States
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Li L, Niu H, Sun B, Xiao Y, Li W, Yuan H, Lou H. Riccardin D-N induces lysosomal membrane permeabilization by inhibiting acid sphingomyelinase and interfering with sphingomyelin metabolism in vivo. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2016; 310:175-184. [PMID: 27660101 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2016.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Revised: 09/03/2016] [Accepted: 09/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Lysosomes are important targets for anticancer drug discovery. Our previous study showed that Riccardin D-N (RD-N), a natural macrocylic bisbibenzyl derivative produced by Mannich reaction, induced cell death by accumulating in lysosomes. Experiments were performed on human lung squamous cell carcinoma tissue from left inferior lobar bronchus of patient xenografts and H460 cells. RD-N was administrated for 25days. The specimens of xenografts in Balb/c athymic (nu+/nu+) male mice were removed for immunohistochemistry, subcellular fractionation, enzyme activities and Western blotting analysis. mRFP-GFP-LC3 reporter was used to examine autophagy in H460 cells. Sphingomyelin assay was evaluated by thin-layer chromatography and assay kit. Lysosomal membrane permeabilization (LMP) caused by acid sphingomyelinase (ASM) inhibition and subsequent changes of sphingomyelin (SM) metabolism selectively destabilized the cancer cell lysosomes in RD-N-treated H460 cells in vitro and tumor xenograft model in vivo. The destabilized lysosomes induced the release of cathepsins from the lysosomes into the cytosol and further triggered cell death. These results explain the underlying mechanism of RD-N induced LMP. It can be concluded that a more lysosomotropic derivative was synthesized by introduction of an amine group, which could have more potential applications in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Li
- Department of Natural Product Chemistry, Key Lab of Chemical Biology of MOE (Ministry of Education), Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Huanmin Niu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Bin Sun
- Department of Natural Product Chemistry, Key Lab of Chemical Biology of MOE (Ministry of Education), Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Yanan Xiao
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Natural Product Chemistry, Key Lab of Chemical Biology of MOE (Ministry of Education), Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Huiqing Yuan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Hongxiang Lou
- Department of Natural Product Chemistry, Key Lab of Chemical Biology of MOE (Ministry of Education), Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China.
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Vázquez CL, Rodgers A, Herbst S, Coade S, Gronow A, Guzman CA, Wilson MS, Kanzaki M, Nykjaer A, Gutierrez MG. The proneurotrophin receptor sortilin is required for Mycobacterium tuberculosis control by macrophages. Sci Rep 2016; 6:29332. [PMID: 27389464 PMCID: PMC4937236 DOI: 10.1038/srep29332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 06/16/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Sorting of luminal and membrane proteins into phagosomes is critical for the immune function of this organelle. However, little is known about the mechanisms that contribute to the spatiotemporal regulation of this process. Here, we investigated the role of the proneurotrophin receptor sortilin during phagosome maturation and mycobacterial killing. We show that this receptor is acquired by mycobacteria-containing phagosomes via interactions with the adaptor proteins AP-1 and GGAs. Interestingly, the phagosomal association of sortilin is critical for the delivery of acid sphingomyelinase (ASMase) and required for efficient phagosome maturation. Macrophages from Sort1(-/-) mice are less efficient in restricting the growth of Mycobacterium bovis BCG and M. tuberculosis. In vivo, Sort1(-/-) mice showed a substantial increase in cellular infiltration of neutrophils in their lungs and higher bacterial burden after infection with M. tuberculosis. Altogether, sortilin defines a pathway required for optimal intracellular mycobacteria control and lung inflammation in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina L Vázquez
- Research Group Phagosome Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Inhoffenstrasse 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Angela Rodgers
- Host-pathogen interactions in tuberculosis laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, Mill Hill Laboratory, The Ridgeway, London, NW7 1AA, UK
| | - Susanne Herbst
- Host-pathogen interactions in tuberculosis laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, Mill Hill Laboratory, The Ridgeway, London, NW7 1AA, UK
| | - Stephen Coade
- Host-pathogen interactions in tuberculosis laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, Mill Hill Laboratory, The Ridgeway, London, NW7 1AA, UK
| | - Achim Gronow
- Research Group Phagosome Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Inhoffenstrasse 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Carlos A Guzman
- Department of Vaccinology and Applied Microbiology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Inhoffenstrasse 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Mark S Wilson
- Allergy and Anti-Helminth Immunity Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, Mill Hill Laboratory, The Ridgeway, London, NW7 1AA, UK
| | - Makoto Kanzaki
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Anders Nykjaer
- The Lundbeck Foundation Research Center MIND, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Maximiliano G Gutierrez
- Host-pathogen interactions in tuberculosis laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, Mill Hill Laboratory, The Ridgeway, London, NW7 1AA, UK
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Gomez-Muñoz A, Presa N, Gomez-Larrauri A, Rivera IG, Trueba M, Ordoñez M. Control of inflammatory responses by ceramide, sphingosine 1-phosphate and ceramide 1-phosphate. Prog Lipid Res 2015; 61:51-62. [PMID: 26703189 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2015.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2015] [Revised: 09/14/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation is a network of complex processes involving a variety of metabolic and signaling pathways aiming at healing and repairing damage tissue, or fighting infection. However, inflammation can be detrimental when it becomes out of control. Inflammatory mediators involve cytokines, bioactive lipids and lipid-derived metabolites. In particular, the simple sphingolipids ceramides, sphingosine 1-phosphate, and ceramide 1-phosphate have been widely implicated in inflammation. However, although ceramide 1-phosphate was first described as pro-inflammatory, recent studies show that it has anti-inflammatory properties when produced in specific cell types or tissues. The biological functions of ceramides and sphingosine 1-phosphate have been extensively studied. These sphingolipids have opposing effects with ceramides being potent inducers of cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, and sphingosine 1-phosphate promoting cell growth and survival. However, the biological actions of ceramide 1-phosphate have only been partially described. Ceramide 1-phosphate is mitogenic and anti-apoptotic, and more recently, it has been demonstrated to be key regulator of cell migration. Both sphingosine 1-phosphate and ceramide 1-phosphate are also implicated in tumor growth and dissemination. The present review highlights new aspects on the control of inflammation and cell migration by simple sphingolipids, with special emphasis to the role played by ceramide 1-phosphate in controlling these actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Gomez-Muñoz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), P.O. Box 644, 48080 Bilbao, Spain.
| | - Natalia Presa
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), P.O. Box 644, 48080 Bilbao, Spain.
| | - Ana Gomez-Larrauri
- Department of Pneumology, University Hospital of Alava (Osakidetza), Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain.
| | - Io-Guané Rivera
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), P.O. Box 644, 48080 Bilbao, Spain.
| | - Miguel Trueba
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), P.O. Box 644, 48080 Bilbao, Spain.
| | - Marta Ordoñez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), P.O. Box 644, 48080 Bilbao, Spain.
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Perdoni F, Signorelli P, Cirasola D, Caretti A, Galimberti V, Biggiogera M, Gasco P, Musicanti C, Morace G, Borghi E. Antifungal activity of Myriocin on clinically relevant Aspergillus fumigatus strains producing biofilm. BMC Microbiol 2015; 15:248. [PMID: 26519193 PMCID: PMC4628231 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-015-0588-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2015] [Accepted: 10/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The human pathogenic mold Aspergillus fumigatus is able to form a complex biofilm embedded in extracellular matrix. Biofilms confer antimicrobial resistance and it is well known that aspergillosis is often refractory to the conventional antifungal therapy. The treatment of biofilm-related infections poses a significant clinical challenge on a daily basis, promoting the search for new therapeutic agents. Our aim was to exploit the modulation of sphingolipid mediators as new therapeutic target to overcome antifungal resistance in biofilm-related infections. RESULTS Antifungal susceptibility testing was performed on 20 clinical isolates of Aspergillus fumigatus and one reference strain (A. fumigatus Af293) according the EUCAST protocol. Sessile MICs were assessed on 24-h preformed-biofilm by means of XTT-reduction assay. Myriocin (0.25-64 mg/L), a commercial sphingolipid synthesis inhibitor, was used. The MEC50 value (mg/L) of Myriocin was 8 (range 4-16) for both planktonic and sessile cells. Drug-induced morphological alterations were analyzed by optical and electron microscopy (TEM) on 24h preformed A. fumigatus Af293 biofilms. An evident hyphal damage, resulting in short, stubby, and highly branched hyphae was observed by optical microscopy. At 24h, TEM studies showed important morphological alterations, such as invaginations of the cell membrane, modification in the vacuolar system and presence of multilamellar bodies, in some cases within vacuoles. CONCLUSIONS The direct antifungal activity, observed on both planktonic and sessile fungi, suggests that inhibition of sphingolipid synthesis could represent a new target to fight biofilm-related A. fumigatus resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Perdoni
- Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Polo Universitario San Paolo, Blocco C, ottavo piano, via di Rudinì 8, 20142, Milan, Italy.
| | - Paola Signorelli
- Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Polo Universitario San Paolo, Blocco C, ottavo piano, via di Rudinì 8, 20142, Milan, Italy.
| | - Daniela Cirasola
- Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Polo Universitario San Paolo, Blocco C, ottavo piano, via di Rudinì 8, 20142, Milan, Italy.
| | - Anna Caretti
- Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Polo Universitario San Paolo, Blocco C, ottavo piano, via di Rudinì 8, 20142, Milan, Italy.
| | - Valentina Galimberti
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Università degli Studi di Pavia, Pavia, Italy.
| | - Marco Biggiogera
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Università degli Studi di Pavia, Pavia, Italy.
| | | | | | - Giulia Morace
- Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Polo Universitario San Paolo, Blocco C, ottavo piano, via di Rudinì 8, 20142, Milan, Italy.
| | - Elisa Borghi
- Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Polo Universitario San Paolo, Blocco C, ottavo piano, via di Rudinì 8, 20142, Milan, Italy.
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Aktepe TE, Pham H, Mackenzie JM. Differential utilisation of ceramide during replication of the flaviviruses West Nile and dengue virus. Virology 2015; 484:241-250. [PMID: 26122470 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2015.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2015] [Revised: 04/05/2015] [Accepted: 06/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
It is well established that +ssRNA viruses manipulate cellular lipid homoeostasis and distribution to facilitate efficient replication. Here, we show that the cellular lipid ceramide is redistributed to the West Nile virus strain Kunjin virus (WNVKUN) replication complex (RC) but not to the dengue virus serotype 2 strain New Guinea C (DENVNGC) RC. We show that prolonged chemical inhibition of serine palmitoyltransferase with myriocin had a significant deleterious effect on WNVKUN replication but enhanced DENVNGC replication. Additionally, inhibition of ceramide synthase with Fumonisin B1 had a detrimental effect on WNVKUN replication and release of infectious virus particles but contrastingly an enhancing effect on DENVNGC replication and virus production. These observations suggest that ceramide production via the de novo and salvage pathway is a requirement for WNVKUN replication but inhibitory for DENVNGC replication. Thus, although these two viruses are from the same genus, they have a differential ceramide requirement for replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Turgut E Aktepe
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Helen Pham
- Department of Microbiology, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jason M Mackenzie
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
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Peng H, Li C, Kadow S, Henry BD, Steinmann J, Becker KA, Riehle A, Beckmann N, Wilker B, Li PL, Pritts T, Edwards MJ, Zhang Y, Gulbins E, Grassmé H. Acid sphingomyelinase inhibition protects mice from lung edema and lethal Staphylococcus aureus sepsis. J Mol Med (Berl) 2015; 93:675-89. [PMID: 25616357 PMCID: PMC4432103 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-014-1246-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2014] [Accepted: 12/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Pulmonary edema associated with increased vascular permeability is a severe complication of Staphylococcus aureus-induced sepsis and an important cause of human pathology and death. We investigated the role of the mammalian acid sphingomyelinase (Asm)/ceramide system in the development of lung edema caused by S. aureus. Our findings demonstrate that genetic deficiency or pharmacologic inhibition of Asm reduced lung edema in mice infected with S. aureus. The Asm/ceramide system triggered the formation of superoxide, resulting in degradation of tight junction proteins followed by lung edema. Treatment of infected mice with amitriptyline, a potent inhibitor of Asm, protected mice from lung edema caused by S. aureus, but did not reduce systemic bacterial numbers. In turn, treatment with antibiotics reduced bacterial numbers but did not protect mice from lung edema. In contrast, only the combination of antibiotics and amitriptyline inhibited both pulmonary edema and bacteremia protecting mice from lethal sepsis and lung dysfunction suggesting the combination of both drugs as novel treatment option for sepsis. KEY MESSAGES Antibiotics are often insufficient to cure S. aureus-induced sepsis. S. aureus induces lung edema via the Asm/ceramide system. Genetic deficiency of Asm inhibits lung dysfunction upon infection with S. aureus. Pharmacologic inhibition of Asm reduces lung edema induced by S. aureus. Antibiotics plus amitriptyline protect mice from lung edema and lethal S. aureus sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiming Peng
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45122 Essen, Germany
| | - Cao Li
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45122 Essen, Germany
| | - Stephanie Kadow
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45122 Essen, Germany
| | - Brian D. Henry
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45122 Essen, Germany
- Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267 USA
| | - Jörg Steinmann
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Virchowstrasse 179, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Katrin Anne Becker
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45122 Essen, Germany
| | - Andrea Riehle
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45122 Essen, Germany
| | - Natalie Beckmann
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45122 Essen, Germany
| | - Barbara Wilker
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45122 Essen, Germany
| | - Pin-Lan Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Virginia, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298 USA
| | - Timothy Pritts
- Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267 USA
| | - Michael J. Edwards
- Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267 USA
| | - Yang Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Virginia, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298 USA
| | - Erich Gulbins
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45122 Essen, Germany
- Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267 USA
| | - Heike Grassmé
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45122 Essen, Germany
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45
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Tan AWL, Francischetti IMB, Slovak M, Kini RM, Ribeiro JMC. Sexual differences in the sialomes of the zebra tick, Rhipicephalus pulchellus. J Proteomics 2015; 117:120-44. [PMID: 25576852 PMCID: PMC4374903 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2014.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2014] [Revised: 12/18/2014] [Accepted: 12/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Ticks rely exclusively on vertebrate blood for their survival. During feeding ticks inject into their hosts a sophisticated salivary potion that overcomes host hemostasis and adverse inflammatory responses. These mediators may also enhance pathogen transmission. Knowledge of the tick salivary protein repertoire may lead to vaccine targets to disrupt feeding and/or parasite transmission as well as to the discovery of novel pharmacological agents. Male saliva may also assist reproduction because males use their mouthparts to lubricate and introduce their spermatophores into the females' genital pore. The analyses of the sialomes of male and female ticks independently allow us to understand the strategy used by each gender to feed successfully. We sequenced cDNA libraries from pools of salivary glands from adult male and female Rhipicephalus pulchellus feeding at different time points, using the Illumina HiSeq protocol. De novo assembly of a total of 241,229,128 paired-end reads lead to extraction of 50,460 coding sequences (CDS), 11,277 of which had more than 75% coverage to known transcripts, or represented novel sequences, and were submitted to GenBank. Additionally, we generated the proteome, from the salivary gland extracts of male and female R. pulchellus, yielding a total of 454 and 2063 proteins respectively which were identified by one or more peptides with at least 95% confidence. The data set is presented as an annotated hyperlinked Excel spreadsheet, describing 121 putative secreted protein families. Female and male specific transcripts were identified. BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE This annotated R. pulchellus database represents a mining field for future experiments involving the resolution of time-dependent transcript expression in this tick species, as well as to define novel vaccine targets and discover novel pharmaceuticals. Gender specific proteins may represent different repertoires of pharmacological reagents to assist feeding by each sex, and in males may represent proteins that assist reproduction similarly to seminal proteins in other animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelina W L Tan
- NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117456, Singapore; Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore.
| | - Ivo M B Francischetti
- Vector Biology Section, Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville MD 20852, USA.
| | - Mirko Slovak
- Institute of Zoology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 842 06 Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - R Manjunatha Kini
- NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117456, Singapore; Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Virginia, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298-0614, USA; University of South Australia, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Adelaide, South Australia 5001, Australia.
| | - José M C Ribeiro
- Vector Biology Section, Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville MD 20852, USA.
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46
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Beckmann N, Sharma D, Gulbins E, Becker KA, Edelmann B. Inhibition of acid sphingomyelinase by tricyclic antidepressants and analogons. Front Physiol 2014; 5:331. [PMID: 25228885 PMCID: PMC4151525 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2014.00331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2014] [Accepted: 08/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Amitriptyline, a tricyclic antidepressant, has been used in the clinic to treat a number of disorders, in particular major depression and neuropathic pain. In the 1970s the ability of tricyclic antidepressants to inhibit acid sphingomyelinase (ASM) was discovered. The enzyme ASM catalyzes the hydrolysis of sphingomyelin to ceramide. ASM and ceramide were shown to play a crucial role in a wide range of diseases, including cancer, cystic fibrosis, diabetes, Alzheimer's disease, and major depression, as well as viral (e.g., measles virus) and bacterial (e.g., Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa) infections. Ceramide molecules may act in these diseases by the alteration of membrane biophysics, the self-association of ceramide molecules within the cell membrane and the ultimate formation of larger ceramide-enriched membrane domains/platforms. These domains were shown to serve the clustering of certain receptors such as CD95 and may also act in the above named diseases. The potential to block the generation of ceramide by inhibiting the ASM has opened up new therapeutic approaches for the treatment of these conditions. Since amitriptyline is one of the longest used clinical drugs and side effects are well studied, it could potentially become a cheap and easily accessible medication for patients suffering from these diseases. In this review, we aim to provide an overview of current in vitro and in vivo studies and clinical trials utilizing amitriptyline to inhibit ASM and contemplate possible future applications of the drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Beckmann
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen Essen, Germany
| | - Deepa Sharma
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen Essen, Germany
| | - Erich Gulbins
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen Essen, Germany
| | - Katrin Anne Becker
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen Essen, Germany
| | - Bärbel Edelmann
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen Essen, Germany
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47
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Ingemann L, Kirkegaard T. Lysosomal storage diseases and the heat shock response: convergences and therapeutic opportunities. J Lipid Res 2014; 55:2198-210. [PMID: 24837749 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.r048090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Lysosomes play a vital role in the maintenance of cellular homeostasis through the recycling of cell constituents, a key metabolic function which is highly dependent on the correct function of the lysosomal hydrolases and membrane proteins, as well as correct membrane lipid stoichiometry and composition. The critical role of lysosomal functionality is evident from the severity of the diseases in which the primary lesion is a genetically defined loss-of-function of lysosomal hydrolases or membrane proteins. This group of diseases, known as lysosomal storage diseases (LSDs), number more than 50 and are associated with severe neurodegeneration, systemic disease, and early death, with only a handful of the diseases having a therapeutic option. Another key homeostatic system is the metabolic stress response or heat shock response (HSR), which is induced in response to a number of physiological and pathological stresses, such as protein misfolding and aggregation, endoplasmic reticulum stress, oxidative stress, nutrient deprivation, elevated temperature, viral infections, and various acute traumas. Importantly, the HSR and its cardinal members of the heat shock protein 70 family has been shown to protect against a number of degenerative diseases, including severe diseases of the nervous system. The cytoprotective actions of the HSR also include processes involving the lysosomal system, such as cell death, autophagy, and protection against lysosomal membrane permeabilization, and have shown promise in a number of LSDs. This review seeks to describe the emerging understanding of the interplay between these two essential metabolic systems, the lysosomes and the HSR, with a particular focus on their potential as a therapeutic target for LSDs.
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48
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Don AS, Lim XY, Couttas TA. Re-configuration of sphingolipid metabolism by oncogenic transformation. Biomolecules 2014; 4:315-53. [PMID: 24970218 PMCID: PMC4030989 DOI: 10.3390/biom4010315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2013] [Revised: 02/11/2014] [Accepted: 02/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The sphingolipids are one of the major lipid families in eukaryotes, incorporating a diverse array of structural variants that exert a powerful influence over cell fate and physiology. Increased expression of sphingosine kinase 1 (SPHK1), which catalyses the synthesis of the pro-survival, pro-angiogenic metabolite sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P), is well established as a hallmark of multiple cancers. Metabolic alterations that reduce levels of the pro-apoptotic lipid ceramide, particularly its glucosylation by glucosylceramide synthase (GCS), have frequently been associated with cancer drug resistance. However, the simple notion that the balance between ceramide and S1P, often referred to as the sphingolipid rheostat, dictates cell survival contrasts with recent studies showing that highly potent and selective SPHK1 inhibitors do not affect cancer cell proliferation or survival, and studies demonstrating higher ceramide levels in some metastatic cancers. Recent reports have implicated other sphingolipid metabolic enzymes such as acid sphingomyelinase (ASM) more strongly in cancer pathogenesis, and highlight lysosomal sphingolipid metabolism as a possible weak point for therapeutic targeting in cancer. This review describes the evidence implicating different sphingolipid metabolic enzymes and their products in cancer pathogenesis, and suggests how newer systems-level approaches may improve our overall understanding of how oncogenic transformation reconfigures sphingolipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony S Don
- Prince of Wales Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
| | - Xin Y Lim
- Prince of Wales Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
| | - Timothy A Couttas
- Prince of Wales Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
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49
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Petersen NHT, Olsen OD, Groth-Pedersen L, Ellegaard AM, Bilgin M, Redmer S, Ostenfeld MS, Ulanet D, Dovmark TH, Lønborg A, Vindeløv SD, Hanahan D, Arenz C, Ejsing CS, Kirkegaard T, Rohde M, Nylandsted J, Jäättelä M. Transformation-associated changes in sphingolipid metabolism sensitize cells to lysosomal cell death induced by inhibitors of acid sphingomyelinase. Cancer Cell 2013; 24:379-93. [PMID: 24029234 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2013.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 253] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2011] [Revised: 04/10/2013] [Accepted: 08/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Lysosomal membrane permeabilization and subsequent cell death may prove useful in cancer treatment, provided that cancer cell lysosomes can be specifically targeted. Here, we identify acid sphingomyelinase (ASM) inhibition as a selective means to destabilize cancer cell lysosomes. Lysosome-destabilizing experimental anticancer agent siramesine inhibits ASM by interfering with the binding of ASM to its essential lysosomal cofactor, bis(monoacylglycero)phosphate. Like siramesine, several clinically relevant ASM inhibitors trigger cancer-specific lysosomal cell death, reduce tumor growth in vivo, and revert multidrug resistance. Their cancer selectivity is associated with transformation-associated reduction in ASM expression and subsequent failure to maintain sphingomyelin hydrolysis during drug exposure. Taken together, these data identify ASM as an attractive target for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaj H T Petersen
- Department of Cell Death and Metabolism, Danish Cancer Society Research Center (DCRC), DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
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50
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Francischetti IMB, Assumpção TCF, Ma D, Li Y, Vicente EC, Uieda W, Ribeiro JMC. The "Vampirome": Transcriptome and proteome analysis of the principal and accessory submaxillary glands of the vampire bat Desmodus rotundus, a vector of human rabies. J Proteomics 2013; 82:288-319. [PMID: 23411029 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2013.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2012] [Revised: 01/10/2013] [Accepted: 01/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Vampire bats are notorious for being the sole mammals that strictly feed on fresh blood for their survival. While their saliva has been historically associated with anticoagulants, only one antihemostatic (plasminogen activator) has been molecularly and functionally characterized. Here, RNAs from both principal and accessory submaxillary (submandibular) salivary glands of Desmodus rotundus were extracted, and ~200 million reads were sequenced by Illumina. The principal gland was enriched with plasminogen activators with fibrinolytic properties, members of lipocalin and secretoglobin families, which bind prohemostatic prostaglandins, and endonucleases, which cleave neutrophil-derived procoagulant NETs. Anticoagulant (tissue factor pathway inhibitor, TFPI), vasodilators (PACAP and C-natriuretic peptide), and metalloproteases (ADAMTS-1) were also abundantly expressed. Members of the TSG-6 (anti-inflammatory), antigen 5/CRISP, and CCL28-like (antimicrobial) protein families were also sequenced. Apyrases (which remove platelet agonist ADP), phosphatases (which degrade procoagulant polyphosphates), and sphingomyelinase were found at lower transcriptional levels. Accessory glands were enriched with antimicrobials (lysozyme, defensin, lactotransferrin) and protease inhibitors (TIL-domain, cystatin, Kazal). Mucins, heme-oxygenase, and IgG chains were present in both glands. Proteome analysis by nano LC-MS/MS confirmed that several transcripts are expressed in the glands. The database presented herein is accessible online at http://exon.niaid.nih.gov/transcriptome/D_rotundus/Supplemental-web.xlsx. These results reveal that bat saliva emerges as a novel source of modulators of vascular biology. BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE Vampire bat saliva emerges as a novel source of antihemostatics which modulate several aspects of vascular biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivo M B Francischetti
- Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20892, USA.
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