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Zhou L, Sun H, Chen G, Li C, Liu D, Wang X, Meng T, Jiang Z, Yang S, Yang MM. Indoxyl sulfate induces retinal microvascular injury via COX-2/PGE 2 activation in diabetic retinopathy. J Transl Med 2024; 22:870. [PMID: 39334140 PMCID: PMC11428830 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-05654-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 09/16/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetic retinopathy (DR), the principal cause of acquired blindness among the working-age population, is the most frequent microvascular complication of diabetes. Although metabolic disorders are hypothesized to play a role in its pathogenesis, the underlying mechanism remains largely elusive. METHODS To elucidate the mechanism, we initially compared metabolite profiles of vitreous fluid between 23 patients with DR and 12 non-diabetic controls using liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry, identifying the distinct metabolite indoxyl sulfate (IS). Subsequently, streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic and IS-injected rat models were established to examine the effects of IS on retinal microvasculature. RNA sequencing was conducted to identify potential regulatory mechanisms in IS-treated human retinal endothelial cells (HREC). Finally, target gene knockdown in HREC and treatment of IS-injected rats with inhibitors (targeting IS production or downstream regulators) were employed to elucidate the detailed mechanisms and identify therapeutic targets for DR. RESULTS Metabolomics identified 172 significantly altered metabolites in the vitreous humor of diabetics, including the dysregulated tryptophan metabolite indoxyl sulfate (IS). IS was observed to breach the blood-retinal barrier and accumulate in the intraocular fluid of diabetic rats. Both in vivo and in vitro experiments indicated that elevated levels of IS induced endothelial apoptosis and disrupted cell junctions. RNA sequencing pinpointed prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) synthetase-cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) as a potential target of IS. Validation experiments demonstrated that IS enhanced COX-2 expression, which subsequently increased PGE2 secretion by promoting transcription factor EGR1 binding to COX-2 DNA following entry into cells via organic anion transporting polypeptides (OATP2B1). Furthermore, inhibition of COX-2 in vivo or silencing EGR1/OATP2B1 in HREC mitigated IS-induced microcapillary damage and the activation of COX-2/PGE2. CONCLUSION Our study demonstrated that indoxyl sulfate (IS), a uremic toxin originating from the gut microbiota product indole, increased significantly and contributed to retinal microvascular damage in diabetic retinopathy (DR). Mechanistically, IS impaired retinal microvascular integrity by inducing the expression of COX-2 and the production of PGE2. Consequently, targeting the gut microbiota or the PGE2 pathway may offer effective therapeutic strategies for the treatment of DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, 518020, China
- Post-Doctoral Scientific Research Station of Basic Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
- Shenzhen Clinical Research Centre for Geriatrics, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518020, China
| | - Hongyan Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, 518020, China
| | - Gongyi Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, 518020, China
| | - Cunzi Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, 518020, China
| | - Dan Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, 518020, China
| | - Xurui Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, 518020, China
| | - Ting Meng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, 518020, China
| | - Zhenyou Jiang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, China.
- Key Laboratory of Viral Pathogenesis & Infection Prevention and Control (Jinan University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
| | - Shu Yang
- Shenzhen Clinical Research Centre for Geriatrics, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518020, China.
| | - Ming-Ming Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, 518020, China.
- Post-Doctoral Scientific Research Station of Basic Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
- Shenzhen Clinical Research Centre for Geriatrics, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518020, China.
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Kim SA, Toan NK, Ahn SG. Soluble klotho induces the heat shock factor 1 through EGR1 expression. Biofactors 2024; 50:1039-1053. [PMID: 38572919 DOI: 10.1002/biof.2056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Klotho is an antiaging protein that has multiple functions. The purpose of this study is to investigate whether soluble klotho plays a role in cellular stress response pathways. We found that klotho deficiency (kl-/-) largely decreased HSF1 levels and impaired heat shock protein expression. Interestingly, recombinant soluble klotho-induced HSF1 and HSPs such as HSP90, HSP70, and HSP27 in kl-/- mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs). Soluble Klotho treatment also induced cell proliferation and HSF1 promoter activity in MEF kl-/- cells in a concentration-dependent manner. Furthermore, using point mutagenesis, we identified regulatory/binding sites of transcription factors EGR1 regulated by soluble klotho in the HSF1 promoter. Taken together, our findings unravel the molecular basis of klotho and provide molecular evidence supporting a direct interaction between soluble klotho and HSF1-mediated stress response pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo-A Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Oriental Medicine, Dongguk University, Gyeongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Nguyen Khanh Toan
- Department of Pathology, School of Dentistry, Chosun University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Gun Ahn
- Department of Pathology, School of Dentistry, Chosun University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
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Tian Q, Chen JH, Ding Y, Wang XY, Qiu JY, Cao Q, Zhuang LL, Jin R, Zhou GP. EGR1 transcriptionally regulates SVEP1 to promote proliferation and migration in human coronary artery smooth muscle cells. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:365. [PMID: 38409611 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-024-09322-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
A low-frequency variant of sushi, von Willebrand factor type A, EGF, and pentraxin domain-containing protein 1 (SVEP1) is associated with the risk of coronary artery disease, as determined by a genome-wide association study. SVEP1 induces vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and an inflammatory phenotype to promote atherosclerosis. In the present study, qRT‒PCR demonstrated that the mRNA expression of SVEP1 was significantly increased in atherosclerotic plaques compared to normal tissues. Bioinformatics revealed that EGR1 was a transcription factor for SVEP1. The results of the luciferase reporter assay, siRNA interference or overexpression assay, mutational analysis and ChIP confirmed that EGR1 positively regulated the transcriptional activity of SVEP1 by directly binding to its promoter. EGR1 promoted human coronary artery smooth muscle cell (HCASMC) proliferation and migration via SVEP1 in response to oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) treatment. Moreover, the expression level of EGR1 was increased in atherosclerotic plaques and showed a strong linear correlation with the expression of SVEP1. Our findings indicated that EGR1 binding to the promoter region drive SVEP1 transcription to promote HCASMC proliferation and migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Tian
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jia-He Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yi Ding
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xin-Yu Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jia-Yun Qiu
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qian Cao
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Li-Li Zhuang
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Rui Jin
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Guo-Ping Zhou
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
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Xu Y, Huang S, Li Z, Dai L, Wu H, Wang P, Yao X, Luo W, Liu Y, Yang W, Feng Y, Miao H, Xu J, Ye D. Single-cell RNA landscape of osteoimmune microenvironment in osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture and Kümmell's disease. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1276098. [PMID: 38161331 PMCID: PMC10755405 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1276098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) enables specific analysis of cell populations at single-cell resolution; however, there is still a lack of single-cell-level studies to characterize the dynamic and complex interactions between osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures (OVCFs) and Kümmell's disease (KD) in the osteoimmune microenvironment. In this study, we used scRNA-seq analysis to investigate the osteoimmune microenvironment and cellular composition in OVCFs and KD. Methods: ScRNA-seq was used to perform analysis of fractured vertebral bone tissues from one OVCF and one KD patients, and a total of 8,741 single cells were captured for single-cell transcriptomic analysis. The cellularity of human vertebral bone tissue was further analyzed using uniform manifold approximation and projection. Pseudo-time analysis and gene enrichment analysis revealed the biological function of cell fate and its counterparts. CellphoneDB was used to identify the interactions between bone cells and immune cells in the osteoimmune microenvironment of human vertebral bone tissue and their potential functions. Results: A cellular profile of the osteoimmune microenvironment of human vertebral bone tissue was established, including mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), pericytes, myofibroblasts, fibroblasts, chondrocytes, endothelial cells (ECs), granulocytes, monocytes, T cells, B cells, plasma cells, mast cells, and early erythrocytes. MSCs play an immunoregulatory function and mediate osteogenic differentiation and cell proliferation. The differentiation trajectory of osteoclasts in human vertebral bone tissue was also revealed. In addition, ECs actively participate in inflammatory infiltration and coupling with bone cells. T and B cells actively participate in regulating bone homeostasis. Finally, by identifying the interaction of ligand-receptor pairs, we found that immune cells and osteoclasts have bidirectional regulatory characteristics, have the effects of regulating bone resorption by osteoclasts and promoting bone formation, and are essential for bone homeostasis. It is also highlighted that CD8-TEM cells and osteoclasts might crosstalk via CD160-TNFRSF14 ligand-receptor interaction. Conclusion: Our analysis reveals a differential landscape of molecular pathways, population composition, and cell-cell interactions during OVCF development into KD. OVCFs exhibit a higher osteogenic differentiation capacity, owing to abundant immune cells. Conversely, KD results in greater bone resorption than bone formation due to depletion of MSCs and a relatively suppressed immune system, and this immune imbalance eventually leads to vertebral avascular necrosis. The site of action between immune cells and osteoclasts is expected to be a new therapeutic target, and these results may accelerate mechanistic and functional studies of osteoimmune cell types and specific gene action in vertebral avascular necrosis and pathological bone loss diseases, paving the way for drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yude Xu
- Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Suixiang Huang
- Department of Pain Medicine, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhencong Li
- Department of Spinal Degeneration and Deformity Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Libing Dai
- Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hao Wu
- Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peigeng Wang
- Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiguan Yao
- Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Luo
- Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yiming Liu
- Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weichao Yang
- Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi Feng
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haixiong Miao
- Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiake Xu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Dongping Ye
- Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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5
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Zhang HL, Hu BX, Li ZL, Du T, Shan JL, Ye ZP, Peng XD, Li X, Huang Y, Zhu XY, Chen YH, Feng GK, Yang D, Deng R, Zhu XF. PKCβII phosphorylates ACSL4 to amplify lipid peroxidation to induce ferroptosis. Nat Cell Biol 2022; 24:88-98. [PMID: 35027735 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-021-00818-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 223] [Impact Index Per Article: 111.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The accumulation of lipid peroxides is recognized as a determinant of the occurrence of ferroptosis. However, the sensors and amplifying process of lipid peroxidation linked to ferroptosis remain obscure. Here we identify PKCβII as a critical contributor of ferroptosis through independent genome-wide CRISPR-Cas9 and kinase inhibitor library screening. Our results show that PKCβII senses the initial lipid peroxides and amplifies lipid peroxidation linked to ferroptosis through phosphorylation and activation of ACSL4. Lipidomics analysis shows that activated ACSL4 catalyses polyunsaturated fatty acid-containing lipid biosynthesis and promotes the accumulation of lipid peroxidation products, leading to ferroptosis. Attenuation of the PKCβII-ACSL4 pathway effectively blocks ferroptosis in vitro and impairs ferroptosis-associated cancer immunotherapy in vivo. Our results identify PKCβII as a sensor of lipid peroxidation, and the lipid peroxidation-PKCβII-ACSL4 positive-feedback axis may provide potential targets for ferroptosis-associated disease treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Liang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bing-Xin Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhi-Ling Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tian Du
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Breast Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jia-Lu Shan
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhi-Peng Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Dan Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yun Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xian-Ying Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu-Hong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Gong-Kan Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dajun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rong Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Xiao-Feng Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.
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Ramana CV, Das B. Regulation of early growth response-1 (Egr-1) gene expression by Stat1-independent type I interferon signaling and respiratory viruses. COMPUTATIONAL AND MATHEMATICAL BIOPHYSICS 2021. [DOI: 10.1515/cmb-2020-0129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Respiratory virus infection is one of the leading causes of death in the world. Activation of the Jak-Stat pathway by Interferon-alpha/beta (IFN-α/β) in lung epithelial cells is critical for innate immunity to respiratory viruses. Transcriptional factor profiling in the transcriptome and RNA analysis revealed that Early growth response-1 (EGR1/Egr-1) was rapidly induced by IFN-α/β and Toll-like receptor (TLR) ligands in multiple cell types. Studies in mutant cell lines lacking components of the interferon-stimulated gene factor complex (ISGF-3) revealed that IFN-β induction of Egr-1 was independent of Stat1, Stat2, or Irf9. Activation of the Mek/Erk-1/2 pathway was implicated in the rapid induction of Egr-1 by IFN-β in serum-starved mouse lung epithelial cells. Interrogation of multiple microarray datasets revealed that respiratory viruses including coronaviruses induced IFN-β and regulated Egr-1 expression in human lung cell lines. Furthermore, bioinformatic analysis revealed that type I interferon-stimulated genes and Egr-1 inducible genes including transcription factors, mediators of cell growth, and chemokines were differentially regulated in the human lung cell lines after coronavirus infection, and in the lung biopsies of COVID-19 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chilakamarti V. Ramana
- Department of Medicine , Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center , Lebanon , NH 03766, USA ; Department of Stem Cell and Infectious Diseases , KaviKrishna Laboratory , Guwahati Biotech Park, Indian Institute of Technology , Guwahati , India ; Thoreau Laboratory for Global Health , University of Massachusetts , Lowell, MA 01854, USA
| | - Bikul Das
- Department of Stem Cell and Infectious Diseases , KaviKrishna Laboratory , Guwahati Biotech Park, Indian Institute of Technology , Guwahati , India ; Thoreau Laboratory for Global Health , University of Massachusetts , Lowell, MA 01854, USA
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Shi Y, Liu J, Zhu D, Lu L, Zhang M, Li W, Zeng H, Yu X, Guo J, Zhang Y, Zhou X, Gao Q, Xia F, Chen Y, Li M, Sun M. Methylation-reprogrammed CHRM3 results in vascular dysfunction in the human umbilical vein following IVF-ET. Biol Reprod 2021; 106:687-698. [PMID: 34935917 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioab234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Assisted reproductive technology (ART) has been used globally among infertile couples. However, many epidemiological investigations have indicated that ART is associated with a range of long-term adverse health outcomes in offspring, including cardiovascular disease, obesity and increased plasma lipid levels. Until now, direct evidence has been limited regarding the pathological changes in vascular function in fetuses with ART. In this study, human umbilical cords were collected from healthy normal pregnancies and IVF-ET pregnancies. Vascular functional studies involving acetylcholine (ACh), antagonists of its specific receptors, and L-type calcium channel/PKC-MLC20 phosphorylation pathway specific inhibitors were conducted. Quantitative real-time PCR, Western blotting and methylation analyses were performed on umbilical vein samples. We found that the umbilical vein constriction induced by ACh in the IVF-ET group was significantly attenuated compared with that in the healthy normal pregnancy group, which was not only associated with the hypermethylation of ACh muscarinic receptor subtype 3 (CHRM3) and decreased expression of CHRM3, PKCβ and CaV1.2, but was also related to the reduced phosphorylation of MLC20. The present study revealed that the hypermethylation of CHRM3, leading to a reduction in CHRM3 expression and downregulation of the CaV1.2/PKC-MLC20 phosphorylation pathway, was responsible for the decreased sensitivity to ACh observed in the umbilical vein under IVF-ET conditions. The hypermethylation of CHRM3 caused by IVF-ET might play an important role in altered vasoconstriction and impact cardiovascular systems in the long run.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajun Shi
- Institute for Fetology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou City, Jiangsu, 215006, China
| | - Jingliu Liu
- Institute for Fetology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou City, Jiangsu, 215006, China
| | - Dan Zhu
- Institute for Fetology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou City, Jiangsu, 215006, China
| | - Likui Lu
- Institute for Fetology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou City, Jiangsu, 215006, China
| | - Mengshu Zhang
- Institute for Fetology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou City, Jiangsu, 215006, China.,Center of Reproduction and Genetics, Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Suzhou, 215002, China
| | - Weisheng Li
- Institute for Fetology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou City, Jiangsu, 215006, China
| | - Hongtao Zeng
- Institute for Fetology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou City, Jiangsu, 215006, China
| | - Xi Yu
- Institute for Fetology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou City, Jiangsu, 215006, China
| | - Jun Guo
- Institute for Fetology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou City, Jiangsu, 215006, China
| | - Yingying Zhang
- Institute for Fetology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou City, Jiangsu, 215006, China
| | - Xiuwen Zhou
- Institute for Fetology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou City, Jiangsu, 215006, China
| | - Qinqin Gao
- Institute for Fetology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou City, Jiangsu, 215006, China
| | - Fei Xia
- Reproductive Medicine Center of the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou City, Jiangsu, 215006, China
| | - Youguo Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou City, Jiangsu, 215006, China
| | - Min Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou City, Jiangsu, 215006, China
| | - Miao Sun
- Institute for Fetology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou City, Jiangsu, 215006, China
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Abalenikhina YV, Kosmachevskaya OV, Topunov AF. Peroxynitrite: Toxic Agent and Signaling Molecule (Review). APPL BIOCHEM MICRO+ 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s0003683820060022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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9
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Yang X, Li D, Qi YZ, Chen W, Yang CH, Jiang YH. MicroRNA-217 ameliorates inflammatory damage of endothelial cells induced by oxidized LDL by targeting EGR1. Mol Cell Biochem 2020; 475:41-51. [PMID: 32737769 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-020-03857-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) modulates gene transcription and expression and induces the development of endothelium inflammation and endothelial dysfunction, in which microRNAs (miRNAs) play a crucial role. However, the mechanism of ox-LDL in inflammatory damage of endothelial cells still remains elusive. Herein, we focused on the effect of hsa-miR-217-5p (miR-217) on endothelial dysfunction induced by ox-LDL by targeting early growth response protein-1 (EGR1). In the present study, 31 upregulated miRNAs and 59 downregulated miRNAs (Fold Change > 2, P value < 0.05) were identified after 6 h of 80 μg/mL ox-LDL exposure in human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs) by small RNA sequencing, including miR-217 that was significantly decreased (FC = 0.2787, P value = 5.22E-16). MiR-217 knockdown inhibited cell proliferation and increased level of IL-6, IL-1β, ICAM-1 and TNF-α, while overexpression of miR-217 relieved the growth inhibition induced by ox-LDL and demonstrated anti-inflammatory effect in HAECs. EGR1 was predicted as a potential candidate target gene of miR-217 by TargetScan. The subsequent dual-luciferase reporter assay confirmed the direct binding of miR-217 to 3'UTR of EGR1. And EGR1 expression was negatively correlated with the level of miRNA-217 in HAECs after exposure to ox-LDL. Overexpression of EGR1 recapitulated the effects of miR-217 knockdown on cell proliferation inhibition and inflammation in HAECs, while knockdown EGR1 relieved the proliferative inhibition and demonstrated anti-inflammatory effect in ox-LDL-induced HAECs. The present study confirmed miR-217 ameliorates inflammatory damage of endothelial cells induced by oxidized LDL by targeting EGR1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuesong Yang
- Vascular Surgery Department, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 16369, Jingshi Road, Jinan, 250011, China
| | - Dongna Li
- Cardiovascular Department, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 16369, Jingshi Road, Jinan, 250011, China
| | - Ying-Zi Qi
- Health College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, China
| | - Wenjing Chen
- Cardiovascular Department, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 16369, Jingshi Road, Jinan, 250011, China
| | - Chuan-Hua Yang
- Cardiovascular Department, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 16369, Jingshi Road, Jinan, 250011, China.
| | - Yue-Hua Jiang
- Central Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 16369, Jingshi Road, Jinan, 250011, China.
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10
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Chhipa AS, Borse SP, Baksi R, Lalotra S, Nivsarkar M. Targeting receptors of advanced glycation end products (RAGE): Preventing diabetes induced cancer and diabetic complications. Pathol Res Pract 2019; 215:152643. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2019.152643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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11
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Insulin Treatment Forces Arteriogenesis in Diabetes Mellitus by Upregulation of the Early Growth Response-1 (Egr-1) Pathway in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20133320. [PMID: 31284541 PMCID: PMC6651530 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20133320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Revised: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The process of arteriogenesis is severely compromised in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM). Earlier studies have reported the importance of Egr-1 in promoting collateral outward remodeling. However, the role of Egr-1 in the presence of DM in outward vessel remodeling was not studied. We hypothesized that Egr-1 expression may be compromised in DM which may lead to impaired collateral vessel growth. Here, we investigated the relevance of the transcription factor Egr-1 for the process of collateral artery growth in diabetic mice. Induction of arteriogenesis by femoral artery ligation resulted in an increased expression of Egr-1 on mRNA and protein level but was severely compromised in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice. Diabetes mellitus mice showed a significantly reduced expression of Egr-1 endothelial downstream genes Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and urokinase Plasminogen Activator (uPA), relevant for extravasation of leukocytes which promote arteriogenesis. Fluorescent-activated cell sorting analyses confirmed reduced leukocyte recruitment. Diabetes mellitus mice showed a reduced expression of the proliferation marker Ki-67 in growing collaterals whose luminal diameters were also reduced. The Splicing Factor-1 (SF-1), which is critical for smooth muscle cell proliferation and phenotype switch, was found to be elevated in collaterals of DM mice. Treatment of DM mice with insulin normalized the expression of Egr-1 and its downstream targets and restored leukocyte recruitment. SF-1 expression and the diameter of growing collaterals were normalized by insulin treatment as well. In summary, our results showed that Egr-1 signaling was impaired in DM mice; however, it can be rescued by insulin treatment.
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12
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Ye Y, Liu M, Tang L, Du F, Liu Y, Hao P, Fu Q, Guo Q, Yan Q, Zhang X, Bao C. Iguratimod represses B cell terminal differentiation linked with the inhibition of PKC/EGR1 axis. Arthritis Res Ther 2019; 21:92. [PMID: 30971291 PMCID: PMC6458835 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-019-1874-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background This study aimed to explore the molecular mechanism and clinical relevance of iguratimod in the regulation of human B cell terminal differentiation. Methods An in vitro human antibody-secreting cell (ASC) differentiation system was established to test the effect of iguratimod. B cell phenotype and key transcription factors (TFs) relevant to ASC differentiation were analyzed through flow cytometry and qPCR. The COX-2 activity was measured by enzyme immunoassay (EIA). RNA sequencing was used to identify potential targets of iguratimod. We enrolled six treatment-naive rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients whose blood samples were collected for phenotypic and molecular studies along with 12-week iguratimod monotherapy. Results Iguratimod inhibited human ASC generation without affecting B cell activation and proliferation. Iguratimod showed only weak COX-2 activity. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) identified that protein kinase C (PKC) pathway was targeted by iguratimod which was confirmed by PKC activity detection. Furthermore, early growth response 1 (EGR1), a target of PKC and a non-redundant TF for ASC differentiation, was found to be the most downregulated gene in iguratimod-treated B cells. Lastly, iguratimod monotherapy decreased peripheral ASCs and was associated with improved disease activity. The expression of major ASC-related TFs, including EGR1, was similarly downregulated in patient blood samples. Conclusions Iguratimod inhibits ASC differentiation both in vitro and in RA patients. Our study suggests that PKC/EGR1 axis, rather than COX-2, is critically involved in the inhibitory effect by iguratimod on human ASC differentiation. Iguratimod could have a broader application to treat B cell-related autoimmune diseases in clinics. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13075-019-1874-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Ye
- Department of Rheumatology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 145 Shandong C Rd, Shanghai, 200001, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology & Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Rd, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Mei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology & Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Rd, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | | | - Fang Du
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology & Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Rd, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Yuanhua Liu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology & Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Rd, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Pei Hao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology & Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Rd, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Qiong Fu
- Department of Rheumatology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 145 Shandong C Rd, Shanghai, 200001, China
| | - Qiang Guo
- Department of Rheumatology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 145 Shandong C Rd, Shanghai, 200001, China
| | - Qingran Yan
- Department of Rheumatology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 145 Shandong C Rd, Shanghai, 200001, China.
| | - Xiaoming Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology & Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Rd, Shanghai, 200031, China.
| | - Chunde Bao
- Department of Rheumatology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 145 Shandong C Rd, Shanghai, 200001, China.
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13
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Hyperglycaemia cause vascular inflammation through advanced glycation end products/early growth response-1 axis in gestational diabetes mellitus. Mol Cell Biochem 2019; 456:179-190. [DOI: 10.1007/s11010-019-03503-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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14
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Karthikkeyan G, Nareshkumar RN, Aberami S, Sulochana KN, Vedantham S, Coral K. Hyperglycemia induced early growth response-1 regulates vascular dysfunction in human retinal endothelial cells. Microvasc Res 2018; 117:37-43. [PMID: 29307595 DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2018.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Revised: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Early growth response-1 (Egr-1) protein upregulation is reported in diabetes and vascular disorders. This study aims at deciphering its role in hyperglycemia induced changes of retinal endothelium. Human retinal endothelial cells (hRECs) were exposed to hyperglycemia (25mM) and normoglycemia (5.5mM). Gene silencing was done using siRNA against Egr-1. Transcript and protein level analysis of Egr-1 and gene targets were done using qPCR and immunoblotting respectively in hRECs, diabetic and nondiabetic human retina and immunofluorescence for localization in retinal sections. Hyperglycemia induced Egr-1 and vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A) but not pigment epithelium derived factor (PEDF) in hRECs. Expression of Egr-1 repressor NGFI-A binding protein-2 (NAB-2) was unaltered. Egr-1 downstream gene targets, tissue factor (TF) and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) expression were increased in hRECs which was reduced by Egr-1 silencing in hyperglycemia. Diabetic retina, showed an increase in Egr-1, VEGF-A and gene target TF, ICAM-1 but not NAB-2 and PEDF similar to the changes seen in hyperglycemic hRECs. Hyperglycemic induction of Egr-1 and absence of NAB-2 repression in retinal endothelium, up-regulates downstream genes involved in pro-thrombotic and pro-inflammatory pathways linking Egr-1 in diabetes mediated vascular aberration of retina.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gayathree Karthikkeyan
- R.S. Mehta Jain Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Kamalnayan Bajaj Institute for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology, Vision Research Foundation, India; School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA University, India
| | - Ragavachetty Nagaraj Nareshkumar
- R.S. Mehta Jain Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Kamalnayan Bajaj Institute for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology, Vision Research Foundation, India; School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA University, India
| | - Seeneevasan Aberami
- R.S. Mehta Jain Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Kamalnayan Bajaj Institute for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology, Vision Research Foundation, India
| | - Konerirajapuram Natarajan Sulochana
- R.S. Mehta Jain Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Kamalnayan Bajaj Institute for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology, Vision Research Foundation, India
| | | | - Karunakaran Coral
- R.S. Mehta Jain Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Kamalnayan Bajaj Institute for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology, Vision Research Foundation, India.
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15
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Wang SB, Zhang C, Xu XC, Xu F, Zhou JS, Wu YP, Cao C, Li W, Shen HH, Cao JF, Chen ZH. Early growth response factor 1 is essential for cigarette smoke-induced MUC5AC expression in human bronchial epithelial cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 490:147-154. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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16
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Yu Q, Shi X, Feng Y, Kent KC, Li L. Improving data quality and preserving HCD-generated reporter ions with EThcD for isobaric tag-based quantitative proteomics and proteome-wide PTM studies. Anal Chim Acta 2017; 968:40-49. [PMID: 28395773 PMCID: PMC5509462 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2017.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Revised: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Mass spectrometry (MS)-based isobaric labeling has undergone rapid development in recent years due to its capability for high throughput quantitation. Apart from its originally designed use with collision-induced dissociation (CID) and higher-energy collisional dissociation (HCD), isobaric tagging technique could also work with electron-transfer dissociation (ETD), which provides complementarity to CID and is preferred in sequencing peptides with post-translational modifications (PTMs). However, ETD suffers from long reaction time, reduced duty cycle and bias against peptides with lower charge states. In addition, common fragmentation mechanism in ETD results in altered reporter ion production, decreased multiplexing capability, and even loss of quantitation capability for some of the isobaric tags, including custom-designed dimethyl leucine (DiLeu) tags. Here, we demonstrate a novel electron-transfer/higher-energy collision dissociation (EThcD) approach that preserves original reporter ion channels, mitigates bias against lower charge states, improves sensitivity, and significantly improves data quality for quantitative proteomics and proteome-wide PTM studies. Systematic optimization was performed to achieve a balance between data quality and sensitivity. We provide direct comparison of EThcD with ETD and HCD for DiLeu- and TMT-labeled HEK cell lysate and IMAC enriched phosphopeptides. Results demonstrate improved data quality and phosphorylation localization accuracy while preserving sufficient reporter ion production. Biological studies were performed to investigate phosphorylation changes in a mouse vascular smooth muscle cell line treated with four different conditions. Overall, EThcD exhibits superior performance compared to conventional ETD and offers distinct advantages compared to HCD in isobaric labeling based quantitative proteomics and quantitative PTM studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Yu
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Xudong Shi
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Yu Feng
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - K Craig Kent
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Lingjun Li
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53705, USA; Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
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17
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de la Hoz CL, Cheng C, Fernyhough P, Zochodne DW. A model of chronic diabetic polyneuropathy: benefits from intranasal insulin are modified by sex and RAGE deletion. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2017; 312:E407-E419. [PMID: 28223295 PMCID: PMC5451527 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00444.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Revised: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Human diabetic polyneuropathy (DPN) is a progressive complication of chronic diabetes mellitus. Preliminary evidence has suggested that intranasal insulin, in doses insufficient to alter hyperglycemia, suppresses the development of DPN. In this work we confirm this finding, but demonstrate that its impact is modified by sex and deletion of RAGE, the receptor for advanced glycosylation end products. We serially evaluated experimental DPN in male and female wild-type mice and male RAGE null (RN) mice, each with nondiabetic controls, during 16 wk of diabetes, the final 8 wk including groups given intranasal insulin. Age-matched nondiabetic female mice had higher motor and sensory conduction velocities than their male counterparts and had lesser conduction slowing from chronic diabetes. Intranasal insulin improved slowing in both sexes. In male RN mice, there was less conduction slowing with chronic diabetes, and intranasal insulin provided limited benefits. Rotarod testing and hindpaw grip power offered less consistent impacts. Mechanical sensitivity and thermal sensitivity were respectively but disparately changed and improved with insulin in wild-type female and male mice but not RN male mice. These studies confirm that intranasal insulin improves indexes of experimental DPN but indicates that females with DPN may differ in their underlying phenotype. RN mice had partial but incomplete protection from underlying DPN and lesser impacts from insulin. We also identify an important role for sex in the development of DPN and report evidence that insulin and AGE-RAGE pathways in its pathogenesis may overlap.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiane L de la Hoz
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, the Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; and
| | - Chu Cheng
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, the Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; and
| | - Paul Fernyhough
- Division of Neurodegenerative Disorders, St Boniface Hospital Research Centre and Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Douglas W Zochodne
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Alberta, Canada;
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, the Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; and
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18
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Xu P, Guan MP, Bi JG, Wang D, Zheng ZJ, Xue YM. High glucose down-regulates microRNA-181a-5p to increase pro-fibrotic gene expression by targeting early growth response factor 1 in HK-2 cells. Cell Signal 2017; 31:96-104. [PMID: 28077323 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2017.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Revised: 12/25/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Tubulointerstitial fibrosis (TIF) plays an important role in the progression of renal fibrosis in diabetic nephropathy (DN). Accumulating evidence supports a crucial effect of early growth response factor 1 (Egr1) on renal fibrosis in DN, but the underlying mechanisms are not entirely clear. Here, we explored the aggravating role of Egr1 and identified microRNA-181a-5p (miR-181a-5p) as an upstream regulator of Egr1 in TIF of DN. We demonstrated that overexpression of Egr1 enhanced, whereas small interfering RNA targeting Egr1 decreased the expressions of transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) and fibrosis-related genes including fibronectin and collagen I in human proximal tubule cell line (HK-2) cells. We then found that miR-181a-5p expression was down-regulated, accompanied by the corresponding up-regulation of Egr1, TGF-β1, fibronectin and collagen I in renal tissues of type 2 diabetic Otsuka-Long-Evans-Tokushima-Fatty rats with DN, and that the expression of miR-181a-5p was negatively correlated with the level of Egr1 in HK-2 cells treated with high glucose. Furthermore, we identified that miR-181a-5p directly suppressed Egr1 to decrease the expressions of TGF-β1, fibronectin and collagen I in HK-2 cells through targeting the 3' untranslated region of Egr1. The functional relevance of miR-181a-5p-induced Egr1 decrease was supported by inhibition and overexpression of miR-181a-5p in HK-2 cells. Thus, we concluded that aberrant Egr1 expression, which can be suppressed by miR-181a-5p directly, plays a crucial role in the progression of renal TIF in DN. This study indicates that targeting miR-181a-5p may be a novel therapeutic approach of DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Xu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Second Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
| | - Mei-Ping Guan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jian-Gang Bi
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Dan Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zong-Ji Zheng
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yao-Ming Xue
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
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19
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Torisu K, Zhang X, Nonaka M, Kaji T, Tsuchimoto D, Kajitani K, Sakumi K, Torisu T, Chida K, Sueishi K, Kubo M, Hata J, Kitazono T, Kiyohara Y, Nakabeppu Y. PKCη deficiency improves lipid metabolism and atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice. Genes Cells 2016; 21:1030-1048. [PMID: 27545963 DOI: 10.1111/gtc.12402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2014] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Genomewide association studies have shown that a nonsynonymous single nucleotide polymorphism in PRKCH is associated with cerebral infarction and atherosclerosis-related complications. We examined the role of PKCη in lipid metabolism and atherosclerosis using apolipoprotein E-deficient (Apoe-/- ) mice. PKCη expression was augmented in the aortas of mice with atherosclerosis and exclusively detected in MOMA2-positive macrophages within atherosclerotic lesions. Prkch+/+ Apoe-/- and Prkch-/- Apoe-/- mice were fed a high-fat diet (HFD), and the dyslipidemia observed in Prkch+/+ Apoe-/- mice was improved in Prkch-/- Apoe-/- mice, with a particular reduction in serum LDL cholesterol and phospholipids. Liver steatosis, which developed in Prkch+/+ Apoe-/- mice, was improved in Prkch-/- Apoe-/- mice, but glucose tolerance, adipose tissue and body weight, and blood pressure were unchanged. Consistent with improvements in LDL cholesterol, atherosclerotic lesions were decreased in HFD-fed Prkch-/- Apoe-/- mice. Immunoreactivity against 3-nitrotyrosine in atherosclerotic lesions was dramatically decreased in Prkch-/- Apoe-/- mice, accompanied by decreased necrosis and apoptosis in the lesions. ARG2 mRNA and protein levels were significantly increased in Prkch-/- Apoe-/- macrophages. These data show that PKCη deficiency improves dyslipidemia and reduces susceptibility to atherosclerosis in Apoe-/- mice, showing that PKCη plays a role in atherosclerosis development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumiko Torisu
- Division of Neurofunctional Genomics, Department of Immunobiology and Neuroscience, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan. .,Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan.
| | - Xueli Zhang
- Division of Neurofunctional Genomics, Department of Immunobiology and Neuroscience, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Mari Nonaka
- Division of Neurofunctional Genomics, Department of Immunobiology and Neuroscience, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Takahide Kaji
- Translational Research Department, Sohyaku, Innovative Research Division, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, 17-10 Nihonbashi, Koami-cho, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 103-8405, Japan
| | - Daisuke Tsuchimoto
- Division of Neurofunctional Genomics, Department of Immunobiology and Neuroscience, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan.,Research Center for Nucleotide Pool, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Kosuke Kajitani
- Division of Neurofunctional Genomics, Department of Immunobiology and Neuroscience, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan.,Counseling and Health Center, Faculty of Arts and Science, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Kunihiko Sakumi
- Division of Neurofunctional Genomics, Department of Immunobiology and Neuroscience, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan.,Research Center for Nucleotide Pool, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Takehiro Torisu
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Chida
- Department of Animal Resource Sciences, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
| | - Katsuo Sueishi
- Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Michiaki Kubo
- Laboratory for Genotyping Development, Center for Genomic Medicine, RIKEN 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Jun Hata
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Takanari Kitazono
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Yutaka Kiyohara
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Yusaku Nakabeppu
- Division of Neurofunctional Genomics, Department of Immunobiology and Neuroscience, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan.,Research Center for Nucleotide Pool, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
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20
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Ringvold HC, Khalil RA. Protein Kinase C as Regulator of Vascular Smooth Muscle Function and Potential Target in Vascular Disorders. ADVANCES IN PHARMACOLOGY (SAN DIEGO, CALIF.) 2016; 78:203-301. [PMID: 28212798 PMCID: PMC5319769 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apha.2016.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Vascular smooth muscle (VSM) plays an important role in maintaining vascular tone. In addition to Ca2+-dependent myosin light chain (MLC) phosphorylation, protein kinase C (PKC) is a major regulator of VSM function. PKC is a family of conventional Ca2+-dependent α, β, and γ, novel Ca2+-independent δ, ɛ, θ, and η, and atypical ξ, and ι/λ isoforms. Inactive PKC is mainly cytosolic, and upon activation it undergoes phosphorylation, maturation, and translocation to the surface membrane, the nucleus, endoplasmic reticulum, and other cell organelles; a process facilitated by scaffold proteins such as RACKs. Activated PKC phosphorylates different substrates including ion channels, pumps, and nuclear proteins. PKC also phosphorylates CPI-17 leading to inhibition of MLC phosphatase, increased MLC phosphorylation, and enhanced VSM contraction. PKC could also initiate a cascade of protein kinases leading to phosphorylation of the actin-binding proteins calponin and caldesmon, increased actin-myosin interaction, and VSM contraction. Increased PKC activity has been associated with vascular disorders including ischemia-reperfusion injury, coronary artery disease, hypertension, and diabetic vasculopathy. PKC inhibitors could test the role of PKC in different systems and could reduce PKC hyperactivity in vascular disorders. First-generation PKC inhibitors such as staurosporine and chelerythrine are not very specific. Isoform-specific PKC inhibitors such as ruboxistaurin have been tested in clinical trials. Target delivery of PKC pseudosubstrate inhibitory peptides and PKC siRNA may be useful in localized vascular disease. Further studies of PKC and its role in VSM should help design isoform-specific PKC modulators that are experimentally potent and clinically safe to target PKC in vascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- H C Ringvold
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - R A Khalil
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.
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21
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Oxidized low-density lipoprotein attenuated desmoglein 1 and desmocollin 2 expression via LOX-1/Ca2+/PKC-β signal in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 468:380-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.10.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2015] [Accepted: 10/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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22
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Gibbs PEM, Miralem T, Maines MD. Biliverdin reductase: a target for cancer therapy? Front Pharmacol 2015; 6:119. [PMID: 26089799 PMCID: PMC4452799 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2015.00119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2015] [Accepted: 05/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Biliverdin reductase (BVR) is a multifunctional protein that is the primary source of the potent antioxidant, bilirubin. BVR regulates activities/functions in the insulin/IGF-1/IRK/PI3K/MAPK pathways. Activation of certain kinases in these pathways is/are hallmark(s) of cancerous cells. The protein is a scaffold/bridge and intracellular transporter of kinases that regulate growth and proliferation of cells, including PKCs, ERK and Akt, and their targets including NF-κB, Elk1, HO-1, and iNOS. The scaffold and transport functions enable activated BVR to relocate from the cytosol to the nucleus or to the plasma membrane, depending on the activating stimulus. This enables the reductase to function in diverse signaling pathways. And, its expression at the transcript and protein levels are increased in human tumors and the infiltrating T-cells, monocytes and circulating lymphocytes, as well as the circulating and infiltrating macrophages. These functions suggest that the cytoprotective role of BVR may be permissive for cancer/tumor growth. In this review, we summarize the recent developments that define the pro-growth activities of BVR, particularly with respect to its input into the MAPK signaling pathway and present evidence that BVR-based peptides inhibit activation of protein kinases, including MEK, PKCδ, and ERK as well as downstream targets including Elk1 and iNOS, and thus offers a credible novel approach to reduce cancer cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter E M Gibbs
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry , Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Tihomir Miralem
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry , Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Mahin D Maines
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry , Rochester, NY, USA
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Yu Z, Lu B, Sheng Y, Zhou L, Ji L, Wang Z. Andrographolide ameliorates diabetic retinopathy by inhibiting retinal angiogenesis and inflammation. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2015; 1850:824-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2015.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2014] [Revised: 01/12/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Dhaouadi N, Li JY, Feugier P, Gustin MP, Dab H, Kacem K, Bricca G, Cerutti C. Computational identification of potential transcriptional regulators of TGF-ß1 in human atherosclerotic arteries. Genomics 2014; 103:357-70. [PMID: 24819318 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2014.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2014] [Revised: 03/17/2014] [Accepted: 05/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
TGF-ß is protective in atherosclerosis but deleterious in metastatic cancers. Our aim was to determine whether TGF-ß transcriptional regulation is tissue-specific in early atherosclerosis. The computational methods included 5 steps: (i) from microarray data of human atherosclerotic carotid tissue, to identify the 10 best co-expressed genes with TGFB1 (TGFB1 gene cluster), (ii) to choose the 11 proximal promoters, (iii) to predict the TFBS shared by the promoters, (iv) to identify the common TFs co-expressed with the TGFB1 gene cluster, and (v) to compare the common TFs in the early lesions to those identified in advanced atherosclerotic lesions and in various cancers. Our results show that EGR1, SP1 and KLF6 could be responsible for TGFB1 basal expression, KLF6 appearing specific to atherosclerotic lesions. Among the TFs co-expressed with the gene cluster, transcriptional activators (SLC2A4RG, MAZ) and repressors (ZBTB7A, PATZ1, ZNF263) could be involved in the fine-tuning of TGFB1 expression in atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nedra Dhaouadi
- EA 4173 Génomique Fonctionnelle de l'Hypertension Artérielle, Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Hôpital Nord-Ouest Villefranche-sur-Saône, 8 avenue Rockefeller, F-69373 Lyon, France; Unité de Physiologie Intégrée, Laboratoire de Pathologies Vasculaires, Université de Carthage, Faculté des Sciences de Bizerte, Bizerte, Tunisia
| | - Jacques-Yuan Li
- EA 4173 Génomique Fonctionnelle de l'Hypertension Artérielle, Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Hôpital Nord-Ouest Villefranche-sur-Saône, 8 avenue Rockefeller, F-69373 Lyon, France
| | - Patrick Feugier
- EA 4173 Génomique Fonctionnelle de l'Hypertension Artérielle, Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Hôpital Nord-Ouest Villefranche-sur-Saône, 8 avenue Rockefeller, F-69373 Lyon, France
| | - Marie-Paule Gustin
- EA 4173 Génomique Fonctionnelle de l'Hypertension Artérielle, Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Hôpital Nord-Ouest Villefranche-sur-Saône, 8 avenue Rockefeller, F-69373 Lyon, France
| | - Houcine Dab
- Unité de Physiologie Intégrée, Laboratoire de Pathologies Vasculaires, Université de Carthage, Faculté des Sciences de Bizerte, Bizerte, Tunisia
| | - Kamel Kacem
- Unité de Physiologie Intégrée, Laboratoire de Pathologies Vasculaires, Université de Carthage, Faculté des Sciences de Bizerte, Bizerte, Tunisia
| | - Giampiero Bricca
- EA 4173 Génomique Fonctionnelle de l'Hypertension Artérielle, Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Hôpital Nord-Ouest Villefranche-sur-Saône, 8 avenue Rockefeller, F-69373 Lyon, France
| | - Catherine Cerutti
- EA 4173 Génomique Fonctionnelle de l'Hypertension Artérielle, Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Hôpital Nord-Ouest Villefranche-sur-Saône, 8 avenue Rockefeller, F-69373 Lyon, France.
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Kamble SM, Goyal SN, Patil CR. Multifunctional pentacyclic triterpenoids as adjuvants in cancer chemotherapy: a review. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra02784a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The protective adjuvants in chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarika M. Kamble
- Drug Discovery Laboratory
- Department of Pharmacology
- R. C. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research
- Shirpur, Dist. Dhule, India
| | - Sameer N. Goyal
- Drug Discovery Laboratory
- Department of Pharmacology
- R. C. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research
- Shirpur, Dist. Dhule, India
| | - Chandragouda R. Patil
- Drug Discovery Laboratory
- Department of Pharmacology
- R. C. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research
- Shirpur, Dist. Dhule, India
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Thiagarajan PS, Akbasli AC, Kinter MT, Willard B, Cathcart MK. Vimentin is a target of PKCβ phosphorylation in MCP-1-activated primary human monocytes. Inflamm Res 2013; 62:991-1001. [PMID: 23974215 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-013-0657-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2013] [Accepted: 08/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE AND DESIGN We designed a study to detect downstream phosphorylation targets of PKCβ in MCP-1-induced human monocytes. METHODS Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis was performed for monocytes treated with MCP-1 in the presence or absence of PKCβ antisense oligodeoxyribonucleotides (AS-ODN) or a PKCβ inhibitor peptide, followed by phospho- and total protein staining. Proteins that stained less intensely with the phospho-stain, when normalized to the total protein stain, in the presence of PKCβ AS-ODN or the PKCβ inhibitor peptide, were sequenced. RESULTS Of the proteins identified, vimentin was consistently identified using both experimental approaches. Upon (32)P-labeling and vimentin immunoprecipitation, increased phosphorylation of vimentin was observed in MCP-1 treated monocytes as compared to the untreated monocytes. Both PKCβ AS-ODN and the PKCβ inhibitor reduced MCP-1-induced vimentin phosphorylation. The IP of monocytes with anti-vimentin antibody and immunoblotting with a PKCβ antibody revealed that increased PKCβ becomes associated with vimentin upon MCP-1 activation. Upon MCP-1 treatment, monocytes were shown to secrete vimentin and secretion depended on PKCβ expression and activity. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that vimentin, a major intermediate filament protein, is a phosphorylation target of PKCβ in MCP-1-treated monocytes and that PKCβ phosphorylation is essential for vimentin secretion. Our recently published studies have implicated vimentin as a potent stimulator of the innate immune receptor Dectin-1 as reported by Thiagarajan et al. (Cardiovasc Res 99:494-504, 2013). Taken together our findings suggest that inhibition of PKCβ regulates vimentin secretion and, thereby, its interaction with Dectin-1 and downstream stimulation of superoxide anion production. Thus, PKCβ phosphorylation of vimentin likely plays an important role in propagating inflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Praveena S Thiagarajan
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, 9500 Euclid Ave., Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
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Miah S, Zadeh SNM, Yuan XM, Li W. Expression of Egr1 and p53 in human carotid plaques and apoptosis induced by 7-oxysterol or p53. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 65:677-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.etp.2012.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2012] [Revised: 06/30/2012] [Accepted: 08/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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van Diepen JA, Berbée JF, Havekes LM, Rensen PC. Interactions between inflammation and lipid metabolism: Relevance for efficacy of anti-inflammatory drugs in the treatment of atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis 2013; 228:306-15. [PMID: 23518178 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2013.02.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2012] [Revised: 01/31/2013] [Accepted: 02/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Rui T, Tang Q. IL-33 attenuates anoxia/reoxygenation-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis by inhibition of PKCβ/JNK pathway. PLoS One 2013; 8:e56089. [PMID: 23457506 PMCID: PMC3573011 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0056089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2012] [Accepted: 01/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interleukin-33 (IL-33) is a new member of the IL-1 cytokine family. The objectives of present study are to assess whether IL-33 can protect cardiomyocytes from anoxia/reoxygenation (A/R)-induced injury and the mechanism involved in the protection. METHODS Cardiomyocytes derived from either wild type or JNK1(-/-) mice were challenged with an A/R with or without IL-33. Myocyte apoptosis was assessed by measuring caspase 3 activity, fragmented DNA and TUNEL staining. In addition, cardiomyocyte oxidative stress was assessed by measuring DHR123 oxidation; PKCβII and JNK phosphorylation were assessed with Western blot. RESULTS Challenge of cardiomyocytes with an A/R resulted in cardiomyocyte oxidative stress, PKCβII and JNK phosphorylation, and myocyte apoptosis. Treatment of the cardiomyocytes with IL-33 attenuated the A/R-induced myocyte oxidative stress, prevented PKCβII and JNK phosphorylation and attenuated the A/R-induced myocyte apoptosis. The protective effect of the IL-33 did not show in cardiac myocytes with siRNA specific to PKCβII or myocytes deficient in JNK1. Inhibition of PKCβII prevented the A/R-induced JNK phosphorylation, but inhibition of JNK1 showed no effect on A/R-induced PKCβII phosphorylation. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that IL-33 prevents the A/R-induced myocyte apoptosis through inhibition of PKCβ/JNK pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Rui
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, People’s Republic of China
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, The Affiliated People’s Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, People’s Republic of China
- Critical Illness Research, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Qizhu Tang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, People’s Republic of China
- * E-mail:
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Electrochemical oxidation mechanism of phosphotyrosine at a glassy carbon electrode. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2012.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Adenosine A3 receptor-induced proliferation of primary human coronary smooth muscle cells involving the induction of early growth response genes. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2012; 53:639-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2012.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2012] [Revised: 08/03/2012] [Accepted: 08/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Kerpedjieva SS, Kim DS, Barbeau DJ, Tamama K. EGFR ligands drive multipotential stromal cells to produce multiple growth factors and cytokines via early growth response-1. Stem Cells Dev 2012; 21:2541-51. [PMID: 22316125 PMCID: PMC3424970 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2011.0711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2011] [Accepted: 02/07/2012] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell therapy with adult bone marrow multipotential stromal cells/mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) presents a promising approach to promote wound healing and tissue regeneration. The strong paracrine capability of various growth factors and cytokines is a key mechanism of MSC-mediated wound healing and tissue regeneration, and the goal of this study is to understand the underlying mechanism that supports the strong paracrine machineries in MSCs. Microarray database analyses revealed that early growth response-1 (EGR1) is highly expressed in MSCs. Our previous studies showed that epidermal growth factor (EGF) treatment induces growth factor production in MSCs in vitro. Since EGF strongly upregulates EGR1, we hypothesized that EGF receptor (EGFR)-EGR1 signaling plays a pivotal role in MSC paracrine activity. EGF treatment upregulated the gene expression of growth factors and cytokines, including EGFR ligands in a protein kinase C (PKC)- and/or mitogen-activated protein kinase-extracellular-signal-regulated kinase-dependent manner, and it was reversed by shRNA against EGR1. PKC activator phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate enhanced EGFR tyrosyl phosphorylation and upregulated the gene expression of growth factors and cytokines in a heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor (HBEGF) inhibitor CRM197 sensitive manner, indicating an involvement of autocrined HBEGF in the downstream of PKC signaling. Moreover, stimulation with growth factors and cytokines induced the expression of EGFR ligands, presumably via EGR1 upregulation. These data indicate EGR1 as a convergence point of multiple signaling pathways, which in turn augments the production of multiple growth factors and cytokines by enhancing the autocrine signaling with EGFR ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Duk Soo Kim
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Dominique J. Barbeau
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Kenichi Tamama
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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Abstract
Current surgical treatment of prostate cancer is typically accomplished by either open radical prostatectomy (ORP) or robotic-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (RALRP). Intra-operative procedural differences between the two surgical approaches may alter the molecular composition of resected surgical specimens, which are indispensable for molecular analysis and biomarker evaluation. The objective of this study is to investigate the effect of different surgical procedures on RNA quality and genome-wide expression signature. RNA integrity number (RIN) values were compared between total RNA samples extracted from consecutive LRP (n=11) and ORP (n=24) prostate specimens. Expression profiling was performed using the Agilent human whole-genome expression microarrays. Expression differences by surgical type were analyzed by Volcano plot analysis and gene ontology analysis. Quantitative reverse transcription (RT)-PCR was used for expression validation in an independent set of LRP (n=8) and ORP (n=8) samples. The LRP procedure did not compromise RNA integrity. Differential gene expression by surgery types was limited to a small subset of genes, the number of which was smaller than that expected by chance. Unexpectedly, this small subset of differentially expressed genes was enriched for those encoding transcription factors, oxygen transporters and other previously reported surgery-induced stress-response genes, and demonstrated unidirectional reduction in LRP specimens in comparison to ORP specimens. The effect of the LRP procedure on RNA quality and genome-wide transcript levels is negligible, supporting the suitability of LRP surgical specimens for routine molecular analysis. Blunted in vivo stress response in LRP specimens, likely mediated by CO(2) insufflation but not by longer ischemia time, is manifested in the reduced expression of stress-response genes in these specimens.
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Osto E, Fallo F, Pelizzo MR, Maddalozzo A, Sorgato N, Corbetti F, Montisci R, Famoso G, Bellu R, Lüscher TF, Iliceto S, Tona F. Coronary microvascular dysfunction induced by primary hyperparathyroidism is restored after parathyroidectomy. Circulation 2012; 126:1031-9. [PMID: 22821942 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.111.081307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Symptomatic primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) is associated with increased cardiovascular mortality. However, data on the association between asymptomatic PHPT and cardiovascular risk are lacking. We assessed coronary flow reserve (CFR) as a marker of coronary microvascular function in asymptomatic PHPT of recent onset. METHODS AND RESULTS We studied 100 PHPT patients (80 women; age, 58±12 years) without cardiovascular disease and 50 control subjects matched for age and sex. CFR in the left anterior descending coronary artery was detected by transthoracic Doppler echocardiography, at rest, and during adenosine infusion. CFR was the ratio of hyperemic to resting diastolic flow velocity. CFR was lower in PHPT patients than in control subjects (3.0±0.8 versus 3.8±0.7; P<0.0001) and was abnormal (≤2.5) in 27 patients (27%) compared with control subjects (4%; P=0.0008). CFR was inversely related to parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels (r=-0.3, P<0.004). In patients with CFR ≤2.5, PTH was higher (26.4 pmol/L [quartiles 1 and 3, 16 and 37 pmol/L] versus 18 [13-25] pmol/L; P<0.007), whereas calcium levels were similar (2.9±0.1 versus 2.8±0.3 mmol/L; P=0.2). In multivariable linear regression analysis, PTH, age, and heart rate were the only factors associated with CFR (P=0.04, P=0.01, and P=0.006, respectively). In multiple logistic regression analysis, only PTH increased the probability of CFR ≤2.5 (P=0.03). In all PHPT patients with CFR ≤2.5, parathyroidectomy normalized CFR (3.3±0.7 versus 2.1±0.5; P<0.0001). CONCLUSIONS PHPT patients have coronary microvascular dysfunction that is completely restored after parathyroidectomy. PTH independently correlates with the coronary microvascular impairment, suggesting a crucial role of the hormone in explaining the increased cardiovascular risk in PHPT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Osto
- Department of Cardiologic, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
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Schaffer SW, Jong CJ, Mozaffari M. Role of oxidative stress in diabetes-mediated vascular dysfunction: unifying hypothesis of diabetes revisited. Vascul Pharmacol 2012; 57:139-49. [PMID: 22480621 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2012.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2012] [Revised: 03/07/2012] [Accepted: 03/16/2012] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is recognized as a key participant in the development of diabetic complications in the vasculature. One of the seminal studies advancing the role of oxidative stress in vascular endothelial cells proposed that oxidative stress-mediated diversion of glycolytic intermediates into pathological pathways was a key underlying element in the development of diabetic complications. It is widely recognized that flux through glycolysis slows during diabetes. However, several bottlenecks develop in the glycolytic pathway, including glucose transport, phosphofructokinase, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase and pyruvate kinase. Of these limiting steps in glycolysis, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase is most sensitive to oxidative stress, leading to the hypothesis that glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate inactivation by ribosylation underlies the diversion of glycolytic intermediates into pathological pathways. However, recent studies question the mechanism underlying the effect of reactive oxygen species on key enzymes of the glycolytic pathway. The present review critiques the major premises of the hypothesis and concludes that further study of the role of oxidative stress in the development of diabetes-mediated vasculature dysfunction is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen W Schaffer
- University of South Alabama, Department of Pharmacology, Mobile, AL 36688, USA.
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Yamamoto S, Okazaki M, Yamane M, Miyoshi K, Otani S, Kakishita T, Yoshida O, Waki N, Toyooka S, Oto T, Sano Y, Miyoshi S. Peculiar mechanisms of graft recovery through anti-inflammatory responses after rat lung transplantation from donation after cardiac death. Transpl Immunol 2012; 26:133-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trim.2011.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2011] [Revised: 10/03/2011] [Accepted: 11/04/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Ducruet AF, Sosunov SA, Visovatti SH, Petrovic-Djergovic D, Mack WJ, Connolly ES, Pinsky DJ. Paradoxical exacerbation of neuronal injury in reperfused stroke despite improved blood flow and reduced inflammation in early growth response-1 gene-deleted mice. Neurol Res 2011; 33:717-25. [PMID: 21756551 DOI: 10.1179/1743132810y.0000000022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Early growth response gene-1 (Egr-1) coordinates the rapid upregulation of diverse inflammatory and coagulation-related genes following ischemia/reperfusion. Genetic deletion of Egr-1 results in attenuated post-ischemic injury in diverse tissue systems. In the present study, we utilized a murine model of transient middle cerebral artery occlusion to probe the functional effects of Egr-1 deletion following cerebral ischemia/reperfusion. METHODS The time course of Egr-1 expression was established by Northern/Western blot analysis, and immunocytochemistry localized Egr-1 to specific cell populations. Flow cytometry was then employed to characterize the ischemic cellular infiltrate of both wild-type (+/+) and Egr-1-null (-/-) mice. Next, the functional effect of Egr-1 deletion was investigated in Egr-1-deficient mice and their wild-type littermates subjected to middle cerebral artery occlusion. Infarct volumes, neurological scores, and reperfusion cerebral blood flow were compared between cohorts. RESULTS Rapid upregulation of Egr-1 was observed in the ischemic hemisphere, and localized primarily to neurons and mononuclear cells. Egr-1 deletion led to a suppression of infiltrating neutrophils and activated microglia/macrophages (P<0.001). Additionally, although Egr-1 deletion enhanced post-ischemic cerebral blood flow, Egr-1-deficient mice suffered larger infarcts (P=0.01) and demonstrated a trend towards worse neurological scores (P=0.06) than wild-type controls. DISCUSSION Despite a reduction in the proportion of infiltrating inflammatory cells/activated microglia and improvement in post-ischemic reperfusion, Egr-1-deficient animals suffer larger infarcts in our model. Therefore, cerebral Egr-1 expression may function to protect neurons despite its adverse modulatory consequences for inflammation and thrombosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew F Ducruet
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Columbia University, New York 10032, USA.
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Knock GA, Ward JPT. Redox regulation of protein kinases as a modulator of vascular function. Antioxid Redox Signal 2011; 15:1531-47. [PMID: 20849377 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2010.3614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are continuously generated in vascular tissues by various oxidoreductase enzymes. They contribute to normal cell signaling, and modulate vascular smooth muscle tone and endothelial permeability in response to physiological agonists and to various cellular stresses and environmental factors, such as hypoxia. While concentrations of ROS are normally tightly controlled by cellular redox buffer systems, if produced in excess they may contribute to vascular disease. Protein kinases are essential components of most cell signaling pathways, including those involving ROS. The functioning of several members of this highly diverse group of enzymes, which include receptor and nonreceptor tyrosine kinases, protein kinase C, mitogen-activated kinases, and Rho-kinase, are modified by ROS, either through direct oxidative modification or indirectly through modification of associated proteins such as tyrosine phosphatases and monomeric G proteins. In this review, we discuss the molecular mechanisms of redox modification of these proteins, the downstream pathways affected, the often complex interaction between major kinase pathways, and feedback to ROS production itself. We also discuss complicating factors such as differential actions of superoxide anion and hydrogen peroxide, questions concerning concentration dependence, and the significance of signaling microdomains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greg A Knock
- Division of Asthma, Allergy, and Lung Biology, King's College London, Stamford Street, London, United Kingdom.
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Huang W, Bansode RR, Xie Y, Rowland L, Mehta M, Davidson NO, Mehta KD. Disruption of the murine protein kinase Cbeta gene promotes gallstone formation and alters biliary lipid and hepatic cholesterol metabolism. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:22795-805. [PMID: 21550971 PMCID: PMC3123047 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.250282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2011] [Revised: 05/04/2011] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The protein kinase C (PKC) family of Ca(2+) and/or lipid-activated serine-threonine protein kinases is implicated in the pathogenesis of obesity and insulin resistance. We recently reported that protein kinase Cβ (PKCβ), a calcium-, diacylglycerol-, and phospholipid-dependent kinase, is critical for maintaining whole body triglyceride homeostasis. We now report that PKCβ deficiency has profound effects on murine hepatic cholesterol metabolism, including hypersensitivity to diet-induced gallstone formation. The incidence of gallstones increased from 9% in control mice to 95% in PKCβ(-/-) mice. Gallstone formation in the mutant mice was accompanied by hyposecretion of bile acids with no alteration in fecal bile acid excretion, increased biliary cholesterol saturation and hydrophobicity indices, as well as hepatic p42/44(MAPK) activation, all of which enhance susceptibility to gallstone formation. Lithogenic diet-fed PKCβ(-/-) mice also displayed decreased expression of hepatic cholesterol-7α-hydroxylase (CYP7A1) and sterol 12α-hydroxylase (CYP8b1). Finally, feeding a modified lithogenic diet supplemented with milk fat, instead of cocoa butter, both increased the severity of and shortened the interval for gallstone formation in PKCβ(-/-) mice and was associated with dramatic increases in cholesterol saturation and hydrophobicity indices. Taken together, the findings reveal a hitherto unrecognized role of PKCβ in fine tuning diet-induced cholesterol and bile acid homeostasis, thus identifying PKCβ as a major physiological regulator of both triglyceride and cholesterol homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Huang
- From the Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, The Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, and
| | - Rishipal R. Bansode
- From the Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, The Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, and
| | - Yan Xie
- the Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110
| | - Leslie Rowland
- From the Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, The Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, and
| | - Madhu Mehta
- the Department of Medicine, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio 43210 and
| | - Nicholas O. Davidson
- the Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110
| | - Kamal D. Mehta
- From the Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, The Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, and
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41
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Bu X, Zhang N, Yang X, Liu Y, Du J, Liang J, Xu Q, Li J. Proteomic analysis of cPKCβII-interacting proteins involved in HPC-induced neuroprotection against cerebral ischemia of mice. J Neurochem 2011; 117:346-56. [PMID: 21291475 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2011.07209.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxic preconditioning (HPC) initiates intracellular signaling pathway to provide protection against subsequent cerebral ischemic injuries, and its mechanism may provide molecular targets for therapy in stroke. According to our study of conventional protein kinase C βII (cPKCβII) activation in HPC, the role of cPKCβII in HPC-induced neuroprotection and its interacting proteins were determined in this study. The autohypoxia-induced HPC and middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO)-induced cerebral ischemia mouse models were prepared as reported. We found that HPC reduced 6 h MCAO-induced neurological deficits, infarct volume, edema ratio and cell apoptosis in peri-infarct region (penumbra), but cPKCβII inhibitors Go6983 and LY333531 blocked HPC-induced neuroprotection. Proteomic analysis revealed that the expression of four proteins in cytosol and eight proteins in particulate fraction changed significantly among 49 identified cPKCβII-interacting proteins in cortex of HPC mice. In addition, HPC could inhibit the decrease of phosphorylated collapsin response mediator protein-2 (CRMP-2) level and increase of CRMP-2 breakdown product. TAT-CRMP-2 peptide, which prevents the cleavage of endogenous CRMP-2, could inhibit CRMP-2 dephosphorylation and proteolysis as well as the infarct volume of 6 h MCAO mice. This study is the first to report multiple cPKCβII-interacting proteins in HPC mouse brain and the role of cPKCβII-CRMP-2 in HPC-induced neuroprotection against early stages of ischemic injuries in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangning Bu
- Department of Neurobiology and Beijing Institute for Neuroscience, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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42
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Wang JZ, Cai CY, Zhang YM, Zheng JH, Chen YC, Li WQ, Shi GG. N-n-Butyl haloperidol iodide protects against hypoxia/reoxygenation-induced cardiomyocyte injury by modulating protein kinase C activity. Biochem Pharmacol 2010; 79:1428-36. [PMID: 20105432 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2010.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2009] [Revised: 01/04/2010] [Accepted: 01/19/2010] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
N-n-Butyl haloperidol iodide (F2), a novel compound derived from haloperidol, protects against the damaging effects of ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury in vitro and in vivo. We tested whether the myocardial protection of F2 on cardiomyocyte hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) injury is mediated by modulating protein kinase C (PKC) activity in primary cultured cardiomyocytes. Primary cultures of ventricular cardiomyocytes underwent 2-h hypoxia and 30-min reoxygenation. Total PKC activity was measured, and the translocation pattern of PKCalpha, betaII, delta and epsilon isoforms was assessed by fractionated western blot analysis. We investigated the association of PKC isoform translocation and H/R-induced injury in the presence and absence of the specific inhibitors and activator. Measurements included cell damage evaluated by creatine kinase (CK) release, and apoptosis measured by annexin V-FITC assay. In primary cultured cardiomyocytes exposed to H/R, PKCalpha, delta and epsilon were translocated, with no change in PKCbetaII activity. Total PKC activity, CK release and apoptosis were increased after H/R. Treatment with the conventional PKC inhibitor Go6976 reduced early growth response-1 (Egr-1) protein expression and attenuated apoptosis. The PKCepsilon inhibitor peptide epsilonV1-2 increased H/R injury without influencing Egr-1 expression. Pretreatment with F2 inhibited translocation of PKCalpha, increased translocation of PKCepsilon, and relieved the CK release and apoptosis. The protection of F2 was blocked in part by the conventional PKC activator thymeleatoxin (TXA) and epsilonV1-2 peptide. F2 significantly alleviated H/R-induced injury, which might be attributed to the combined benefits of inhibiting PKCalpha and activating PKCepsilon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Zhi Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Shantou University Medical College, PR China
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43
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Takeda N. Cardiac disturbances in diabetes mellitus. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 2010; 17:83-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pathophys.2009.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2008] [Revised: 01/20/2009] [Accepted: 03/20/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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Enhanced proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells in response to vascular injury under hyperglycemic conditions is controlled by beta3 integrin signaling. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2010; 42:965-74. [PMID: 20184965 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2010.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2009] [Revised: 02/07/2010] [Accepted: 02/17/2010] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Atheroma formation and restenosis following percutaneous vascular intervention involve the growth and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs) into neointimal lesions, in part due to changes in the extracellular matrix. While some clinical studies have suggested that, in comparison to non-diabetics, beta3 integrin inhibition in diabetic patients confers protection from restenosis, little is known regarding the role of beta3 integrin inhibition on SMC responses in this context. To understand the molecular mechanisms underlying integrin-mediated regulation of SMC function in diabetes, we examined SMC responses in diabetic mice deficient in integrin beta3 and observed that the integrin was required for enhanced proliferation, migration and extracellular regulated kinase (ERK) activation. Hyperglycemia-enhanced membrane recruitment and catalytic activity of PKCbeta in an integrin beta3-dependent manner. Hyperglycemia also promoted SMC filopodia formation and cell migration, both of which required alphaVbeta3, PKCbeta, and ERK activity. Furthermore, the integrin-kinase association was regulated by the alphaVbeta3 integrin ligand thrombospondin and the integrin modulator Rap1 under conditions of hyperglycemia. These results suggest that there are differences in SMC responses to vascular injury depending on the presence or absence of hyperglycemia and that SMC response under hyperglycemic conditions is largely mediated through beta3 integrin signaling.
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45
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Hur KY, Kim SH, Choi MA, Williams DR, Lee YH, Kang SW, Yadav UCS, Srivastava SK, Jung M, Cho JW, Kim SG, Kang ES, Lee EJ, Lee HC. Protective effects of magnesium lithospermate B against diabetic atherosclerosis via Nrf2-ARE-NQO1 transcriptional pathway. Atherosclerosis 2010; 211:69-76. [PMID: 20172524 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2010.01.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2009] [Revised: 12/30/2009] [Accepted: 01/22/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Hyperglycemia-induced oxidative stress is known to play an important role in the development of several diabetic complications, including atherosclerosis. Although a number of antioxidants are available, none have been found to be suitable for regulating the oxidative stress response and enhancing antioxidative defense mechanisms. In this study, we evaluated the effects of magnesium lithospermate B (LAB) against oxidative stress. We also endeavored to identify the target molecule of LAB in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and the underlying biochemical pathways related to diabetic atherosclerosis. Modified MTT and transwell assays showed that the increased proliferation and migration of rat aortic VSMCs in culture with high glucose was significantly inhibited by LAB. LAB also attenuated neointimal hyperplasia after balloon catheter injury in diabetic rat carotid arteries. To determine molecular targets of LAB, we studied the effects of LAB on aldose reductase (AR) activity, O-GlcNAcylation, and protein kinase C (PKC) activity in VSMCs under normoglycemic or hyperglycemic conditions and showed the improvement of major biochemical pathways by LAB. Potential involvement of the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor-2 (Nrf2)--antioxidant responsive element (ARE)-NAD(P)H: quinone oxidoreductase-1 (NQO1) pathway was assessed using siRNA methods. We found that LAB activates the NQO1 via the Nrf2-ARE pathway, which plays an important role in inhibition of the major molecular mechanisms that lead to vascular damage and the proliferation and migration of VSMCs. Together, these findings demonstrate that the induction of the Nrf2-ARE-NQO1 pathway by LAB could be a new therapeutic strategy to prevent diabetic atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyu Yeon Hur
- Brain Korea 21 Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University, Seoul, 120-752, Republic of Korea
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46
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Induction of Early Growth Response-1 Mediates Microglia Activation In Vitro But is Dispensable In Vivo. Neuromolecular Med 2009; 11:87-96. [DOI: 10.1007/s12017-009-8061-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2009] [Accepted: 04/01/2009] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Abstract
Protein kinase C (PKC) isoforms comprise a family of lipid-activated enzymes that have been implicated in a wide range of cellular functions. PKCs are modular enzymes comprised of a regulatory domain (that contains the membrane-targeting motifs that respond to lipid cofactors, and in the case of some PKCs calcium) and a relatively conserved catalytic domain that binds ATP and substrates. These enzymes are coexpressed and respond to similar stimulatory agonists in many cell types. However, there is growing evidence that individual PKC isoforms subserve unique (and in some cases opposing) functions in cells, at least in part as a result of isoform-specific subcellular compartmentalization patterns, protein-protein interactions, and posttranslational modifications that influence catalytic function. This review focuses on the structural basis for differences in lipid cofactor responsiveness for individual PKC isoforms, the regulatory phosphorylations that control the normal maturation, activation, signaling function, and downregulation of these enzymes, and the intra-/intermolecular interactions that control PKC isoform activation and subcellular targeting in cells. A detailed understanding of the unique molecular features that underlie isoform-specific posttranslational modification patterns, protein-protein interactions, and subcellular targeting (i.e., that impart functional specificity) should provide the basis for the design of novel PKC isoform-specific activator or inhibitor compounds that can achieve therapeutically useful changes in PKC signaling in cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan F Steinberg
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York 10032, USA.
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48
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Mehta NN, Sheetz M, Price K, Comiskey L, Amrutia S, Iqbal N, Mohler ER, Reilly MP. Selective PKC beta inhibition with ruboxistaurin and endothelial function in type-2 diabetes mellitus. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 2008; 23:17-24. [PMID: 18949545 DOI: 10.1007/s10557-008-6144-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2008] [Accepted: 09/29/2008] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Type-2 diabetes mellitus increases risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. However, the mechanisms linking hyperglycemia and atherosclerosis remain poorly understood. One proposed mechanism involves endothelial dysfunction via activation of protein kinase C beta (PKC beta). Prior studies demonstrate beneficial effects of PKC beta inhibition on microvascular parameters, but, to date, no study has examined the effect on macrovascular atherosclerotic readouts. METHODS The goal of this double-masked, placebo-controlled trial in type-2 diabetes was to assess the effect of the PKC beta-specific inhibitor, ruboxistaurin (32 mg/day for 6 weeks) on ultrasound assessed brachial artery flow mediated dilatation (FMD), a surrogate of macro vascular endothelial function, and urinary isoprostanes, indices of oxidant stress. RESULTS Compared to placebo, ruboxistaurin tended to improve FMD (difference in 6-week change in FMD, mean +/- SD millimeter) at one (0.13 +/- 0.26 mm, p = 0.08) and 5 min (0.12 +/- 0.21 mm, p = 0.02) after cuff deflation, but had no effect on nitroglycerin-mediated dilatation or urinary isoprostanes. CONCLUSIONS This proof of concept trial is the first to suggest that specific inhibition of PKC beta may improve macro vascular endothelial function in type-2 diabetes. Larger trials including clinical endpoints are warranted to determine the potential efficacy of PKC beta inhibition in reducing atherosclerotic cardiovascular complications in diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nehal N Mehta
- Cardiovascular Institute, University of Pennsylvania Medical Center, 909 BRB 2/3, 421 Curie Blvd., Philadelphia, PA 19104-6160, USA
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Fu S, Zhao H, Shi J, Abzhanov A, Crawford K, Ohno-Machado L, Zhou J, Du Y, Kuo WP, Zhang J, Jiang M, Jin JG. Peripheral arterial occlusive disease: global gene expression analyses suggest a major role for immune and inflammatory responses. BMC Genomics 2008; 9:369. [PMID: 18673543 PMCID: PMC2529314 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-9-369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2007] [Accepted: 08/01/2008] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Peripheral arterial disease (PAD), a major manifestation of atherosclerosis, is associated with significant cardiovascular morbidity, limb loss and death. However, mechanisms underlying the genesis and progression of the disease are far from clear. Genome-wide gene expression profiling of clinical samples may represent an effective approach to gain relevant information. Results After histological classification, a total of 30 femoral artery samples, including 11 intermediate lesions, 14 advanced lesions and 5 normal femoral arteries, were profiled using Affymetrix microarray platform. Following real-time RT-PCR validation, different algorithms of gene selection and clustering were applied to identify differentially expressed genes. Under a stringent cutoff, i.e., a false discovery rate (FDR) <0.5%, we found 366 genes were differentially regulated in intermediate lesions and 447 in advanced lesions. Of these, 116 genes were overlapped between intermediate and advanced lesions, including 68 up-regulated genes and 48 down-regulated ones. In these differentially regulated genes, immune/inflammatory genes were significantly up-regulated in different stages of PAD, (85/230 in intermediate lesions, 37/172 in advanced lesions). Through literature mining and pathway analysis using different databases such as Gene Ontology (GO), and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Gene and Genomics (KEGG), genes involved in immune/inflammatory responses were significantly enriched in up-regulated genes at different stages of PAD(p < 0.05), revealing a significant correlation between immune/inflammatory responses and disease progression. Moreover, immune-related pathways such as Toll-like receptor signaling and natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity were particularly enriched in intermediate and advanced lesions (P < 0.05), highlighting their pathogenic significance during disease progression. Conclusion Lines of evidence revealed in this study not only support previous hypotheses, primarily based on studies of animal models and other types of arterial disease, that inflammatory responses may influence the development of PAD, but also permit the recognition of a wide spectrum of immune/inflammatory genes that can serve as signatures for disease progression in PAD. Further studies of these signature molecules may eventually allow us to develop more sophisticated protocols for pharmaceutical interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shijun Fu
- Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China.
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Kobayashi S, Ito A, Okuzaki D, Onda H, Yabuta N, Nagamori I, Suzuki K, Hashimoto H, Nojima H. Expression profiling of PBMC-based diagnostic gene markers isolated from vasculitis patients. DNA Res 2008; 15:253-65. [PMID: 18562305 PMCID: PMC2575881 DOI: 10.1093/dnares/dsn014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Vasculitis (angiitis) is a systemic autoimmune disease that often causes fatal symptoms. We aimed to isolate cDNA markers that would be useful for diagnosing not only vasculitis but also other autoimmune diseases. For this purpose, we used stepwise subtractive hybridization and cDNA microarray analyses to comprehensively isolate the genes whose expressions are augmented in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) pooled from vasculitis patients. Subsequently, we used quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT–PCR) to examine the mRNA levels of each candidate gene in individual patients. These analyses indicated that seven genes exhibit remarkably augmented expression in many vasculitis patients. Of these genes, we analyzed G0/G1 switch gene 2 (G0S2) further because G0S2 expression is also enhanced in the PBMCs of patients with systemic lupus erythematodes (SLE). We generated G0S2 transgenic mice that ubiquitously overexpress human G0S2. Although we did not observe any obvious vasculitis-related histopathologic findings in these mice, these mice are unhealthy as they produce only few offspring and showed elevated serum levels of two autoimmunity-related antibodies, anti-nuclear antibody, and anti-double strand DNA antibody. Thus, our large-scale gene profiling study may help finding sensitive and specific DNA markers for diagnosing autoimmune diseases including vasculitis and SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigeto Kobayashi
- Department of Rheumatology and Internal Medicine, Juntendo University School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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