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Zhu FM, Xu J, He QY, Deng YP, Liu MY, Liu Y, Sun J, Zhao H, Fu L, Yang J. Association of serum interleukin-2 with severity and prognosis in hospitalized patients with community-acquired pneumonia: a prospective cohort study. Intern Emerg Med 2024:10.1007/s11739-024-03699-0. [PMID: 38967887 DOI: 10.1007/s11739-024-03699-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
The prior studies have shown that interleukin-2 (IL-2) exerts important roles in the pathological and physiological processes of lung diseases. However, the role of IL-2 in community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is still uncertain. Through a prospective cohort study, our research will explore the correlations between serum IL-2 levels and the severity and prognosis in CAP patients. There were 267 CAP patients included. Blood samples were obtained. Serum IL-2 were tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Demographic traits and clinical characteristics were extracted. Serum IL-2 were gradually elevated with increasing severity scores in CAP patients. Correlation analyses revealed that serum IL-2 were connected with physiological parameters including liver and renal function in CAP patients. According to a logistic regression analysis, serum IL-2 were positively correlated with CAP severity scores. We also tracked the prognostic outcomes of CAP patients. The increased risks of adversely prognostic outcomes, including mechanical ventilation, vasoactive agent usage, ICU admission, death, and longer hospital length, were associated with higher levels of IL-2 at admission. Serum IL-2 at admission were positively associated with severe conditions and poor prognosis among CAP patients, indicated that IL-2 may involve in the initiation and development of CAP. As a result, serum IL-2 may be an available biomarker to guide clinicians in assessing the severity and determining the prognosis of CAP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng-Min Zhu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Furong Road No 678, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China
- Institute of Respiratory Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China
| | - Juan Xu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Furong Road No 678, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China
- Institute of Respiratory Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China
| | - Qi-Yuan He
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Furong Road No 678, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China
- Institute of Respiratory Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China
| | - You-Peng Deng
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Furong Road No 678, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China
- Institute of Respiratory Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China
| | - Ming-Yan Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Furong Road No 678, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China
- Institute of Respiratory Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Furong Road No 678, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China
- Institute of Respiratory Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China
| | - Jing Sun
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Furong Road No 678, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China
- Institute of Respiratory Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China
| | - Hui Zhao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Furong Road No 678, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China.
- Institute of Respiratory Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China.
| | - Lin Fu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Furong Road No 678, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China.
- Institute of Respiratory Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China.
| | - Jin Yang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Furong Road No 678, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China.
- Institute of Respiratory Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China.
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Atehortua L, Sean Davidson W, Chougnet CA. Interactions Between HDL and CD4+ T Cells: A Novel Understanding of HDL Anti-Inflammatory Properties. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2024; 44:1191-1201. [PMID: 38660807 PMCID: PMC11111342 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.124.320851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Several studies in animal models and human cohorts have recently suggested that HDLs (high-density lipoproteins) not only modulate innate immune responses but also adaptative immune responses, particularly CD4+ T cells. CD4+ T cells are central effectors and regulators of the adaptive immune system, and any alterations in their homeostasis contribute to the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases, autoimmunity, and inflammatory diseases. In this review, we focus on how HDLs and their components affect CD4+ T-cell homeostasis by modulating cholesterol efflux, immune synapsis, proliferation, differentiation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis. While the effects of apoB-containing lipoproteins on T cells have been relatively well established, this review focuses specifically on new connections between HDL and CD4+ T cells. We present a model where HDL may modulate T cells through both direct and indirect mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Atehortua
- Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Research Foundation, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH
| | - W. Sean Davidson
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Claire A. Chougnet
- Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Research Foundation, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH
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3
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Sibilio P, Conte F, Huang Y, Castaldi PJ, Hersh CP, DeMeo DL, Silverman EK, Paci P. Correlation-based network integration of lung RNA sequencing and DNA methylation data in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Heliyon 2024; 10:e31301. [PMID: 38807864 PMCID: PMC11130701 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e31301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a heterogeneous, chronic inflammatory process of the lungs and, like other complex diseases, is caused by both genetic and environmental factors. Detailed understanding of the molecular mechanisms of complex diseases requires the study of the interplay among different biomolecular layers, and thus the integration of different omics data types. In this study, we investigated COPD-associated molecular mechanisms through a correlation-based network integration of lung tissue RNA-seq and DNA methylation data of COPD cases (n = 446) and controls (n = 346) derived from the Lung Tissue Research Consortium. First, we performed a SWIM-network based analysis to build separate correlation networks for RNA-seq and DNA methylation data for our case-control study population. Then, we developed a method to integrate the results into a coupled network of differentially expressed and differentially methylated genes to investigate their relationships across both molecular layers. The functional enrichment analysis of the nodes of the coupled network revealed a strikingly significant enrichment in Immune System components, both innate and adaptive, as well as immune-system component communication (interleukin and cytokine-cytokine signaling). Our analysis allowed us to reveal novel putative COPD-associated genes and to analyze their relationships, both at the transcriptomics and epigenomics levels, thus contributing to an improved understanding of COPD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pasquale Sibilio
- Department of Computer, Control and Management Engineering, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Institute for Systems Analysis and Computer Science "Antonio Ruberti", National Research Council, Rome, Italy
| | - Federica Conte
- Institute for Systems Analysis and Computer Science "Antonio Ruberti", National Research Council, Rome, Italy
| | - Yichen Huang
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Peter J Castaldi
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Craig P Hersh
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Dawn L DeMeo
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Edwin K Silverman
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Paola Paci
- Department of Computer, Control and Management Engineering, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Institute for Systems Analysis and Computer Science "Antonio Ruberti", National Research Council, Rome, Italy
- Karolinska Institutet, 17177, Stockholm, Sweden
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4
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Liu Y, Zhang Y, Du L, Chen D. The genetic relationships between immune cell traits, circulating inflammatory proteins and preeclampsia/eclampsia. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1389843. [PMID: 38873604 PMCID: PMC11170637 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1389843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives Preeclampsia/eclampsia (PE), a critical complication during pregnancy, has been suggested to correlate with immune cell phenotypes and levels of circulating inflammatory proteins. Our study aimed to employ a two-sample mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to assess the potential causal effects of immune cell phenotypes and circulating inflammatory proteins on the onset of PE. Methods We utilized summary-level data from genome-wide association studies (GWAS). This included statistics for 371 immune cell phenotypes from 3,757 individuals in the Sardinian founder population, and data on 91 circulating inflammatory proteins from 14,824 European ancestry participants. Additionally, genetic associations related to PE were extracted from the FinnGen consortium, involving 1,413 cases and 287,137 controls. We applied inverse variance weighting (IVW) and supplementary methods like MR-Egger, weighted median, and weighted mode to comprehensively assess potential causal links. Results Our analysis revealed significant causal associations of several immune cells type and inflammatory proteins with PE. Out of the immune cell phenotypes analyzed, six immune phenotypes emerged as significant risk factors (p <0.01), mainly include CD4 on activated and secreting CD4 regulatory T cells, CD28 on CD39+ CD4+ T cells, CD127- CD8+ T cell absolute cell (AC) counts, HLA DR on HLA DR+ CD8+ T cell, CD66b on CD66b++ myeloid cells, and HLA DR on dendritic cells. And ten were identified as protective factors (p <0.01). Such as CD45 on CD33br HLA DR+ CD14-, CD33+ HLA DR+ AC, CD33+ HLA DR+ CD14- AC, CD33+ HLA DR+ CD14dim AC, CD27 on CD24+ CD27+ B cell, CD20- CD38- %B cell, IgD- CD24- %B cell CD80 on plasmacytoid DC, CD25 on CD4+ T cell, and CD25 on activated & secreting CD4 regulatory T cell. Furthermore, among the inflammatory proteins studied, five showed a significant association with PE, with three offering protective effects mainly include that C-X-C motif chemokine 1, tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 14, and C-C motif chemokine 19 and two exacerbating PE risk such as STAM-binding domain and Interleukin-6 (p <0.05). Conclusions Our study highlights the pivotal roles played by diverse immune cell phenotypes and circulating inflammatory proteins in the pathophysiology of PE. These findings illuminate the underlying genetic mechanisms, emphasizing the criticality of immune regulation during pregnancy. Such insights could pave the way for novel intervention strategies in managing PE, potentially enhancing maternal and neonatal health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Major Obstetric Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong Macao Greater Bay Area Higher Education Joint Laboratory of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuliang Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Major Obstetric Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong Macao Greater Bay Area Higher Education Joint Laboratory of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Lili Du
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Major Obstetric Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong Macao Greater Bay Area Higher Education Joint Laboratory of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Dunjin Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Major Obstetric Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong Macao Greater Bay Area Higher Education Joint Laboratory of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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5
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Huynh DC, Nguyen MP, Ngo DT, Nguyen XH, Nguyen DT, Mai TH, Le TH, Hoang MD, Le KL, Nguyen KQ, Nguyen VH, Kelley KW. A comprehensive analysis of the immune system in healthy Vietnamese people. Heliyon 2024; 10:e30647. [PMID: 38765090 PMCID: PMC11101793 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e30647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 04/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Lifestyle, diet, socioeconomic status and genetics all contribute to heterogeneity in immune responses. Vietnam is plagued with a variety of health problems, but there are no available data on immune system values in the Vietnamese population. This study aimed to establish reference intervals for immune cell parameters specific to the healthy Vietnamese population by utilizing multi-color flow cytometry (MCFC). We provide a comprehensive analysis of total leukocyte count, quantitative and qualitative shifts within lymphocyte subsets, serum and cytokine and chemokine levels and functional attributes of key immune cells including B cells, T cells, natural killer (NK) cells and their respective subpopulations. By establishing these reference values for the Vietnamese population, these data contribute significantly to our understanding of the human immune system variations across diverse populations. These data will be of substantial comparative value and be instrumental in developing personalized medical approaches and optimizing diagnostic strategies for individuals based on their unique immune profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Keith W Kelley
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
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6
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Schafer S, Chen K, Ma L. Crosstalking with Dendritic Cells: A Path to Engineer Advanced T Cell Immunotherapy. FRONTIERS IN SYSTEMS BIOLOGY 2024; 4:1372995. [PMID: 38911455 PMCID: PMC11192543 DOI: 10.3389/fsysb.2024.1372995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
Crosstalk between dendritic cells (DCs) and T cells plays a crucial role in modulating immune responses in natural and pathological conditions. DC-T cell crosstalk is achieved through contact-dependent (i.e., immunological synapse) and contact-independent mechanisms (i.e., cytokines). Activated DCs upregulate co-stimulatory signals and secrete proinflammatory cytokines to orchestrate T cell activation and differentiation. Conversely, activated T helper cells "license" DCs towards maturation, while regulatory T cells (Tregs) silence DCs to elicit tolerogenic immunity. Strategies to efficiently modulate the DC-T cell crosstalk can be harnessed to promote immune activation for cancer immunotherapy or immune tolerance for the treatment of autoimmune diseases. Here, we review the natural crosstalk mechanisms between DC and T cells. We highlight bioengineering approaches to modulate DC-T cell crosstalk, including conventional vaccines, synthetic vaccines, and DC-mimics, and key seminal studies leveraging these approaches to steer immune response for the treatment of cancer and autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sogand Schafer
- Center for Craniofacial Innovation, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Kaige Chen
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Leyuan Ma
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, US
- The Raymond G. Perelman Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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Peng Y, Fu Y, Liu H, Zhao S, Deng H, Jiang X, Lai Q, Lu Y, Guo C, Zhang G, Luo Y, Wang Y, Gou L, Yang J. Non-IL-2-blocking anti-CD25 antibody inhibits tumor growth by depleting Tregs and has synergistic effects with anti-CTLA-4 therapy. Int J Cancer 2024; 154:1285-1297. [PMID: 38180065 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.34823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
CD25, also known as the interleukin-2 receptor α chain (IL-2Rα), is highly expressed on regulatory T cells (Tregs), but relatively lower on effector T cells (Teffs). This makes it a potential target for Treg depletion, which can be used in tumor immunotherapy. However, marketed anti-CD25 antibodies (Basiliximab and Daclizumab) were originally developed as immunosuppressive drugs to prevent graft rejection, because these antibodies can block IL-2 binding to CD25 on Teffs, which in turn destroys the function of Teffs. Recent studies have shown that non-IL-2-blocking anti-CD25 antibodies have displayed exciting antitumor effects. Here, we screened out a non-IL-2-blocking anti-CD25 monoclonal antibody (mAb) 7B7 by hybridoma technology, and confirmed its antitumor activity via depleting Tregs in a CD25 humanized mouse model. Subsequently, we verified that the humanized 7B7, named as h7B7-15S, has comparable activities to 7B7, and that its Treg depletion is further increased when combined with anti-CTLA-4, leading to enhanced remodeling of the tumor immune microenvironment. Moreover, our findings reveal that the Fab form of h7B7-15S has the ability to deplete Tregs, independent of the Fc region. Taken together, our studies expand the application of anti-CD25 in tumor immunotherapy and provide insight into the underlying mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujia Peng
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuyin Fu
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hong Liu
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shengyan Zhao
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Han Deng
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaohua Jiang
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qinhuai Lai
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ying Lu
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Cuiyu Guo
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Guangbing Zhang
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yong Luo
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuxi Wang
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Precision Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province & Precision Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lantu Gou
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jinliang Yang
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Research Unit of Gene and Immunotherapy, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, China
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8
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Na K, Lee S, Kim DK, Kim YS, Hwang JY, Kang SS, Baek S, Lee CY, Yang SM, Han YJ, Kim MH, Han H, Kim Y, Kim JH, Jeon S, Byeon Y, Lee JB, Lim SM, Hong MH, Pyo KH, Cho BC. CD81 and CD82 expressing tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in the NSCLC tumor microenvironment play a crucial role in T-cell activation and cytokine production. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1336246. [PMID: 38515751 PMCID: PMC10954780 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1336246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction To understand the immune system within the tumor microenvironment (TME) of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), it is crucial to elucidate the characteristics of molecules associated with T cell activation. Methods We conducted an in-depth analysis using single-cell RNA sequencing data obtained from tissue samples of 19 NSCLC patients. T cells were classified based on the Tumor Proportion Score (TPS) within the tumor region, and molecular markers associated with activation and exhaustion were analyzed in T cells from high TPS areas. Results Notably, tetraspanins CD81 and CD82, belonging to the tetraspanin protein family, were found to be expressed in activated T cells, particularly in cytotoxic T cells. These tetraspanins showed strong correlations with activation and exhaustion markers. In vitro experiments confirmed increased expression of CD81 and CD82 in IL-2-stimulated T cells. T cells were categorized into CD81highCD82high and CD81lowCD82low groups based on their expression levels, with CD81highCD82high T cells exhibiting elevated activation markers such as CD25 and CD69 compared to CD81lowCD82low T cells. This trend was consistent across CD3+, CD8+, and CD4+ T cell subsets. Moreover, CD81highCD82high T cells, when stimulated with anti-CD3, demonstrated enhanced secretion of cytokines such as IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-2, along with an increase in the proportion of memory T cells. Bulk RNA sequencing results after sorting CD81highCD82high and CD81lowCD82low T cells consistently supported the roles of CD81 and CD82. Experiments with overexpressed CD81 and CD82 showed increased cytotoxicity against target cells. Discussion These findings highlight the multifaceted roles of CD81 and CD82 in T cell activation, cytokine production, memory subset accumulation, and target cell cytolysis. Therefore, these findings suggest the potential of CD81 and CD82 as promising candidates for co-stimulatory molecules in immune therapeutic strategies for cancer treatment within the intricate TME.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwangmin Na
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seul Lee
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Kwon Kim
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Seob Kim
- Yonsei New Il Han Institute for Integrative Lung Cancer Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon Yeon Hwang
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-San Kang
- JEUK Institute for Cancer Research, JEUK Co., Ltd., Gumi-City, Republic of Korea
| | - Sujeong Baek
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chai Young Lee
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Min Yang
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu Jin Han
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Hyun Kim
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Heekyung Han
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngtaek Kim
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Hwan Kim
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seunghyun Jeon
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngseon Byeon
- Yonsei New Il Han Institute for Integrative Lung Cancer Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jii Bum Lee
- Division of Medical Oncology, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Min Lim
- Division of Medical Oncology, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Hee Hong
- Division of Medical Oncology, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung-Ho Pyo
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Yonsei New Il Han Institute for Integrative Lung Cancer Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Division of Medical Oncology, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Byoung Chul Cho
- Yonsei New Il Han Institute for Integrative Lung Cancer Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Division of Medical Oncology, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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9
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Liu Y, Zhao Z, Su S, Li Y, Chen N, He L, Dong M, Xu B, Zhang Z, Zhou Y, Zhu Z. Blockade of BTLA alone or in combination with PD-1 restores the activation and proliferation of CD8 + T cells during in vitro infection with NCP BVDV. Vet Microbiol 2024; 290:110004. [PMID: 38281324 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2024.110004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) infection can result in typical peripheral blood lymphopenia and immune dysfunction. However, the molecular mechanism underlying the onset of lymphopenia remains unclear. B and T lymphocyte attenuator (BTLA) is a novel immune checkpoint molecule that primarily inhibits activation and proliferation of T cells. Blockade of BTLA with antibodies can boost the proliferation and anti-viral immune functions of T cells. Nonetheless, the immunomodulatory effects of BTLA in CD8+ T cells during BVDV infection remain unknown. Therefore, BTLA expression was measured in bovine peripheral blood CD8+ T cells infected with BVDV in vitro. Furthermore, the effects of BTLA or PD-1 blockade on CD8+ T cell activation, proliferation, and anti-viral immunological activities were investigated, as well as expression of signaling molecules downstream of BTLA, both alone and in combination. The results demonstrated that BTLA and PD-1 mRNA and protein levels were considerably increased in CD8+ T cells infected with cytopathic and non-cytopathic (NCP) BVDV. Surprisingly, as compared to blockade of either BTLA or PD-1, blockade of both dramatically increased proliferation and expression of CD25 and p-EKR of CD8+ T cells infected with NCP BVDV. Furthermore, blockade of BTLA, but not PD-1, had no effect on BVDV replication or IFN-γ expression. These findings confirmed the immunomodulatory roles of BTLA during BVDV infection, as well as the synergistic role of BTLA and PD-1 in NCP BVDV infection, thereby providing new insights to promote activation and the anti-viral immunological activities of CD8+ T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Liu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, HeiLongJiang BaYi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China; Key Laboratory of Bovine Disease Control in Northeast China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Daqing 163319, China; Engineering Research Center of Prevention and Control of Cattle Diseases, Heilongjiang Province, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Zhibo Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, HeiLongJiang BaYi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Siyu Su
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, HeiLongJiang BaYi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Yang Li
- Engineering Research Center of Prevention and Control of Cattle Diseases, Heilongjiang Province, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Nannan Chen
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, HeiLongJiang BaYi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Linru He
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, HeiLongJiang BaYi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Meiqi Dong
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, HeiLongJiang BaYi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Bin Xu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, HeiLongJiang BaYi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Zecai Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, HeiLongJiang BaYi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Yulong Zhou
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, HeiLongJiang BaYi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Zhanbo Zhu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, HeiLongJiang BaYi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China; Key Laboratory of Bovine Disease Control in Northeast China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Daqing 163319, China; Engineering Research Center of Prevention and Control of Cattle Diseases, Heilongjiang Province, Daqing 163319, China.
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10
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Lv Y, Tian W, Teng Y, Wang P, Zhao Y, Li Z, Tang S, Chen W, Xie R, Lü M, Zhuang Y. Tumor-infiltrating mast cells stimulate ICOS + regulatory T cells through an IL-33 and IL-2 axis to promote gastric cancer progression. J Adv Res 2024; 57:149-162. [PMID: 37086778 PMCID: PMC10918354 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2023.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/24/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In solid tumors, regulatory T cell (Treg) and mast cell perform different roles depending on the microenvironment. Nevertheless, mast cell and Treg-mediated interactions in gastric cancer (GC) are unclear, as are their regulation, function, and clinical significance. OBJECTIVE The present study demonstrated the mechanism of tumor-infiltrating mast cells stimulating ICOS+ regulatory T cells via the IL-33/IL-2 axis to promote the growth of gastric cancer. METHODS Analyses of 98 patients with GC were conducted to examine mast cell counts, ICOS+ Tregs, and the levels of IL-33 or IL-2. Isolated ICOS+ Treg and CD8+ T cell were stimulated, cultured and tested for their functional abilities in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS GC patients exhibited a significantly more production of IL-33 in tumors. Mast cell stimulated by tumor-derived IL-33 exhibited a prolonged lifespan through IL-33 mediated inhibition of apoptosis. Moreover, mast cells stimulated by tumor-derived IL-33 secreted IL-2, which induced Treg expansion. These inducible Tregs displayed an activated immunosuppressive phenotype with positive expression for the inducible T cell co-stimulator (ICOS). In vitro, IL-2 from IL to 33-stimulated mast cells induced increased numbers of ICOS+ Tregs with increased immunosuppressive activity against proliferation and effector function of CD8+ T cell. In vivo, ICOS+ Tregs were treated with anti-IL-2 neutralizing antibody followed by co-injection with CD8+ T cells in GC mouse model, which showed an increased CD8+ T cell infiltration and effector molecules production, meanwhile tumor growth and progression were inhibited. Besides, reduction in GC patient survival was associated with tumor-derived ICOS+ Tregs. CONCLUSION Our results highlight a crosstalk between GC-infiltrating mast cells and ICOS+ Tregs and provide a novel mechanism describing ICOS+ Treg expansion and induction by an IL-33/mast cell/IL-2 signaling axis in GC, and also provide functional evidence that the modulation of this immunosuppressive pathway can attenuate GC-mediated immune tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yipin Lv
- Department of Digestive Diseases, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; National Engineering Research Center of Immunological Products, Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Laboratory Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Wenqing Tian
- Department of Gastroenterology, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Yongsheng Teng
- The 940th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force of PLA, Lanzhou, China
| | - Pan Wang
- The 940th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force of PLA, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yongliang Zhao
- Department of General Surgery and Centre of Minimal Invasive Gastrointestinal Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhengyan Li
- Department of General Surgery and Centre of Minimal Invasive Gastrointestinal Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shanhong Tang
- Department of Digestive Diseases, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Weisan Chen
- La Trobe Institute of Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Rui Xie
- The Collaborative Innovation Center of Tissue Damage Repair and Regeneration Medicine of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China.
| | - Muhan Lü
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China.
| | - Yuan Zhuang
- The Collaborative Innovation Center of Tissue Damage Repair and Regeneration Medicine of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China; Department of Gastroenterology, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China; National Engineering Research Center of Immunological Products, Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Laboratory Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.
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11
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Kizerwetter M, Pietz K, Tomasovic LM, Spangler JB. Empowering gene delivery with protein engineering platforms. Gene Ther 2023; 30:775-782. [PMID: 36529795 PMCID: PMC10277311 DOI: 10.1038/s41434-022-00379-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The repertoire of therapeutic proteins has been substantially augmented by molecular engineering approaches, which have seen remarkable advancement in recent years. In particular, advances in directed evolution technologies have empowered the development of custom-designed proteins with novel and disease-relevant functions. Whereas engineered proteins have typically been administered through systemic injection of the purified molecule, exciting progress in gene delivery affords the opportunity to elicit sustained production of the engineered proteins by targeted cells in the host organism. Combining developments at the leading edge of protein engineering and gene delivery has catapulted a new wave of molecular and cellular therapy approaches, which harbor great promise for personalized and precision medicine. This mini-review outlines currently used display platforms for protein evolution and describes recent examples of how the resulting engineered proteins have been incorporated into DNA- and cell-based therapeutic platforms, both in vitro and in vivo. Collectively, the strategies detailed herein provide a framework for synthesizing molecular engineering workflows with gene therapy systems for a breadth of applications in research and medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Kizerwetter
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kevin Pietz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Luke M Tomasovic
- Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jamie B Spangler
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Bloomberg Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Department of Ophthalmology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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12
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Eskeland S, Bø-Granquist EG, Stuen S, Lybeck K, Wilhelmsson P, Lindgren PE, Makvandi-Nejad S. Temporal patterns of gene expression in response to inoculation with a virulent Anaplasma phagocytophilum strain in sheep. Sci Rep 2023; 13:20399. [PMID: 37989861 PMCID: PMC10663591 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-47801-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to characterize the gene expression of host immune- and cellular responses to a Norwegian virulent strain of Anaplasma phagocytophilum, the cause of tick-borne fever in sheep. Ten sheep were intravenously inoculated with a live virulent strain of A. phagocytophilum. Clinical-, observational-, hematological data as well as bacterial load, flow cytometric cell count data from peripheral blood mononuclear cells and host's gene expression post infection was analysed. The transcriptomic data were assessed for pre-set time points over the course of 22 days following the inoculation. Briefly, all inoculated sheep responded with clinical signs of infection 3 days post inoculation and onwards with maximum bacterial load observed on day 6, consistent with tick-borne fever. On days, 3-8, the innate immune responses and effector processes such as IFN1 signaling pathways and cytokine mediated signaling pathways were observed. Several pathways associated with the adaptive immune responses, namely T-cell activation, humoral immune responses, B-cell activation, and T- and B-cell differentiation dominated on the days of 8, 10 and 14. Flow-cytometric analysis of the PBMCs showed a reduction in CD4+CD25+ cells on day 10 and 14 post-inoculation and a skewed CD4:CD8 ratio indicating a reduced activation and proliferation of CD4-T-cells. The genes of important co-stimulatory molecules such as CD28 and CD40LG, important in T- and B-cell activation and proliferation, did not significantly change or experienced downregulation throughout the study. The absence of upregulation of several co-stimulatory molecules might be one possible explanation for the low activation and proliferation of CD4-T-cells during A. phagocytophilum infection, indicating a suboptimal CD4-T-cell response. The upregulation of T-BET, EOMES and IFN-γ on days 8-14 post inoculation, indicates a favoured CD4 Th1- and CD8-response. The dynamics and interaction between CD4+CD25+ and co-stimulatory molecules such as CD28, CD80, CD40 and CD40LG during infection with A. phagocytophilum in sheep needs further investigation in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sveinung Eskeland
- Department of Production Animal Clinical Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Elizabeth Stephansens Vei 15, 1433, Ås, Norway.
| | - Erik G Bø-Granquist
- Department of Production Animal Clinical Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Elizabeth Stephansens Vei 15, 1433, Ås, Norway
| | - Snorre Stuen
- Department of Production Animal Clinical Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Kyrkjevegen 332/334, 4325, Sandnes, Norway
| | - Kari Lybeck
- Norwegian Veterinary Institute, Elizabeth Stephansens Vei 1, 1433, Ås, Norway
| | - Peter Wilhelmsson
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Laboratory Medicine, National Reference Laboratory for Borrelia and Other Tick-Borne Bacteria, Region Jönköping County, 553 05, Jönköping, Sweden
| | - Per-Eric Lindgren
- Division of Inflammation and Infection, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, 581 83, Linköping, Sweden
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Tripathi S, Tsang JS, Park K. Systems immunology of regulatory T cells: can one circuit explain it all? Trends Immunol 2023; 44:766-781. [PMID: 37690962 PMCID: PMC10543564 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2023.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Regulatory T (Treg) cells play vital roles in immune homeostasis and response, including discrimination between self- and non-self-antigens, containment of immunopathology, and inflammation resolution. These diverse functions are orchestrated by cellular circuits involving Tregs and other cell types across space and time. Despite dramatic progress in our understanding of Treg biology, a quantitative framework capturing how Treg-containing circuits give rise to these diverse functions is lacking. Here, we propose that different facets of Treg function can be interpreted as distinct operating regimes of the same underlying circuit. We discuss how a systems immunology approach, involving quantitative experiments, computational modeling, and machine learning, can advance our understanding of Treg function, and help identify general operating and design principles underlying immune regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubham Tripathi
- Yale Center for Systems and Engineering Immunology and Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
| | - John S Tsang
- Yale Center for Systems and Engineering Immunology and Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Laboratory of Immune System Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Kyemyung Park
- Laboratory of Immune System Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Graduate School of Health Science and Technology and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea.
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14
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Agulló-Ortuño MT, Mancebo E, Grau M, Núñez Sobrino JA, Paz-Ares L, López-Martín JA, Flández M. Tryptophan Modulation in Cancer-Associated Cachexia Mouse Models. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13005. [PMID: 37629186 PMCID: PMC10455959 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241613005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer cachexia is a multifactorial syndrome that interferes with treatment and reduces the quality of life and survival of patients. Currently, there is no effective treatment or biomarkers, and pathophysiology is not clear. Our group reported alterations on tryptophan metabolites in cachectic patients, so we aim to investigate the role of tryptophan using two cancer-associated cachexia syngeneic murine models, melanoma B16F10, and pancreatic adenocarcinoma that is KPC-based. Injected mice showed signs of cancer-associated cachexia as reduction in body weight and raised spleen weight, MCP1, and carbonilated proteins in plasma. CRP and Myostatin also increased in B16F10 mice. Skeletal muscle showed a decrease in quadriceps weight and cross-sectional area (especially in B16F10). Higher expression of atrophy genes, mainly Atrogin1, was also observed. Plasmatic tryptophan levels in B16F10 tumor-bearing mice decreased even at early steps of tumorigenesis. In KPC-injected mice, tryptophan fluctuated but were also reduced and in cachectic patients were significantly lower. Treatment with 1-methyl-tryptophan, an inhibitor of tryptophan degradation, in the murine models resulted in the restoration of plasmatic tryptophan levels and an improvement on splenomegaly and carbonilated proteins levels, while changes in plasmatic inflammatory markers were mild. After the treatment, CCR2 expression in monocytes diminished and lymphocytes, Tregs, and CD8+, were activated (seen by increased in CD127 and CD25 expression, respectively). These immune cell changes pointed to an improvement in systemic inflammation. While treatment with 1-MT did not show benefits in terms of muscle wasting and atrophy in our experimental setting, muscle functionality was not affected and central nuclei fibers appeared, being a feature of regeneration. Therefore, tryptophan metabolism pathway is a promising target for inflammation modulation in cancer-associated cachexia.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Teresa Agulló-Ortuño
- Laboratory of Clinical and Translational Oncology, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (Imas12), Av. Córdoba s/n, 28041 Madrid, Spain; (M.T.A.-O.); (L.P.-A.)
- Lung Cancer Group, Clinical Research Program, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas (CNIO), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre on Oncology—CIBERONC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Nursing, Facultad de Fisioterapia y Enfermería, Universidad de Castilla La-Mancha (UCLM), 45071 Toledo, Spain
| | - Esther Mancebo
- Department of Immunology, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Av. Córdoba s/n, 28041 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Montserrat Grau
- Animal Facility, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (Imas12), Av. Córdoba s/n, 28041 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Juan Antonio Núñez Sobrino
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Av. Córdoba s/n, 28041 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Luis Paz-Ares
- Laboratory of Clinical and Translational Oncology, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (Imas12), Av. Córdoba s/n, 28041 Madrid, Spain; (M.T.A.-O.); (L.P.-A.)
- Lung Cancer Group, Clinical Research Program, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas (CNIO), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre on Oncology—CIBERONC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Av. Córdoba s/n, 28041 Madrid, Spain;
- Medicine Department, Facultad de Medicina y Cirugía, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - José A. López-Martín
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Av. Córdoba s/n, 28041 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Marta Flández
- Laboratory of Clinical and Translational Oncology, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (Imas12), Av. Córdoba s/n, 28041 Madrid, Spain; (M.T.A.-O.); (L.P.-A.)
- Faculty of Experimental Sciences, Francisco de Vitoria University (UFV), 28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón, Spain
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15
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Li S. Modulation of immunity by tryptophan microbial metabolites. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1209613. [PMID: 37521424 PMCID: PMC10382180 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1209613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Tryptophan (Trp) is an essential amino acid that can be metabolized via endogenous and exogenous pathways, including the Kynurenine Pathway, the 5-Hydroxyindole Pathway (also the Serotonin pathway), and the Microbial pathway. Of these, the Microbial Trp metabolic pathways in the gut have recently been extensively studied for their production of bioactive molecules. The gut microbiota plays an important role in host metabolism and immunity, and microbial Trp metabolites can influence the development and progression of various diseases, including inflammatory, cardiovascular diseases, neurological diseases, metabolic diseases, and cancer, by mediating the body's immunity. This review briefly outlines the crosstalk between gut microorganisms and Trp metabolism in the body, starting from the three metabolic pathways of Trp. The mechanisms by which microbial Trp metabolites act on organism immunity are summarized, and the potential implications for disease prevention and treatment are highlighted.
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16
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Fiyouzi T, Pelaez-Prestel HF, Reyes-Manzanas R, Lafuente EM, Reche PA. Enhancing Regulatory T Cells to Treat Inflammatory and Autoimmune Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24097797. [PMID: 37175505 PMCID: PMC10177847 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24097797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Regulatory T cells (Tregs) control immune responses and are essential to maintain immune homeostasis and self-tolerance. Hence, it is no coincidence that autoimmune and chronic inflammatory disorders are associated with defects in Tregs. These diseases have currently no cure and are treated with palliative drugs such as immunosuppressant and immunomodulatory agents. Thereby, there is a great interest in developing medical interventions against these diseases based on enhancing Treg cell function and numbers. Here, we give an overview of Treg cell ontogeny and function, paying particular attention to mucosal Tregs. We review some notable approaches to enhance immunomodulation by Tregs with therapeutic purposes including adoptive Treg cell transfer therapy and discuss relevant clinical trials for inflammatory bowel disease. We next introduce ways to expand mucosal Tregs in vivo using microbiota and dietary products that have been the focus of clinical trials in various autoimmune and chronic-inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tara Fiyouzi
- Laboratory of Immunomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University Complutense of Madrid, Ave Complutense S/N, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Hector F Pelaez-Prestel
- Laboratory of Immunomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University Complutense of Madrid, Ave Complutense S/N, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Raquel Reyes-Manzanas
- Laboratory of Immunomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University Complutense of Madrid, Ave Complutense S/N, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Esther M Lafuente
- Laboratory of Immunomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University Complutense of Madrid, Ave Complutense S/N, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Pedro A Reche
- Laboratory of Immunomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University Complutense of Madrid, Ave Complutense S/N, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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17
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Atehortua L, Baig M, Morris J, Trentman S, Davidson WS, Fichtenbaum CJ, Chougnet CA. Impaired response of memory Treg to high density lipoproteins is associated with intermediate/high cardiovascular disease risk in persons with HIV. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1146624. [PMID: 36969259 PMCID: PMC10036595 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1146624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a leading cause of enhanced morbidity and mortality in persons with HIV (PWH) in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy (AART). However, the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. Regulatory T cells (Treg), notably the highly suppressive memory subset, have been shown to limit CVD. Importantly, memory Treg cell numbers remain low in many treated PWH. High density lipoproteins (HDL) also protect from CVD, and we previously found that Treg-HDL interactions reduce oxidative stress in these cells. Here, we evaluated Treg-HDL interactions in PWH and whether they were operative in those higher CVD risk. To do that, we recruited a cohort of PWH with intermediate/high CVD risk (median ASCVD risk score of 13.2%, n=15) or low/borderline risk (median ASCVD risk score of 3.6%, n=14), as well as a group of statins treated PWH with intermediate/high CVD risk (median ASCVD risk score of 12.7%, n=14). We evaluated Treg frequency, phenotype and response to HDL. PWH with Int/High CVD risk had a significantly lower number of memory Treg, but memory Treg were more activated and displayed an inflammatory phenotype, versus those with Low/BL CVD risk. In untreated patients, Treg absolute numbers were negatively correlated with ASCVD score. Although HDL decreased oxidative stress in memory Treg in all subjects, memory Treg from PWH with Int/High CVD risk were significantly less responsive to HDL than those from PWH with Low/BL CVD risk. The level of oxidative stress in memory Treg positively correlated with ASCVD scores. In contrast, plasma HDL from PWH, regardless of CVD risk, retained their anti-oxidative properties, suggesting that the defect in memory Treg response to HDL is intrinsic. Statin treatment partially ameliorated the memory Treg defect. In conclusion, the defective HDL-Treg interactions may contribute to the inflammation-induced increased CVD risk observed in many AART-treated PWH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Atehortua
- Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Research Foundation, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Mirza Baig
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Jamie Morris
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Sarah Trentman
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - W. Sean Davidson
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Carl J. Fichtenbaum
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Claire A. Chougnet
- Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Research Foundation, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
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18
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Xu Z, Wu Z, Huang S, Ye K, Jiang Y, Liu J, Liu J, Lu X, Li B. A metal-organic framework-based immunomodulatory nanoplatform for anti-atherosclerosis treatment. J Control Release 2023; 354:615-625. [PMID: 36641123 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Immunomodulatory therapy has become a promising method for the clinical treatment of many diseases. Recently, pilot studies revealed that immunomodulatory therapy exhibited good effects on the treatment of cardiovascular diseases, but many problems remain to be solved, such as useful platforms for drug co-delivery and combination therapies. In this study, we designed and constructed the multifunctional nanoparticle Rapa@UiO-66-NH-FAM-IL-1Ra (RUFI) for the treatment of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. This nanoplatform combined the advantages of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) for drug co-delivery, rapamycin and IL-1Ra for immunomodulation, IL-1Ra for cellular targeting, and 5-FAM for fluorescence imaging. RUFI exhibited good drug release of rapamycin and IL-1Ra and specific cytotoxicity for inflammatory macrophages in vitro. In an atherosclerotic model of diet-fed ApoE-/- mice, RUFI significantly targeted and reduced atherosclerosis plaques in coronary arteries, carotid arteries, and aortas. Mechanistic studies indicated that RUFI modulated macrophage phenotype, cytokine expression, and autophagy. This study demonstrated that combination therapy with rapamycin and IL-1Ra via MOF carriers enhanced the immunoregulatory effects against atherosclerosis. This drug co-delivery system suggests that MOF carriers loaded with immunomodulators are promising treatments for atherosclerosis or other inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijue Xu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Zhaoyu Wu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Sheng Huang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Kaichuang Ye
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China.
| | - Yihong Jiang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Jianqiang Liu
- The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research and Development of Natural Drugs, and School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Guangdong Medical University Key Laboratory of Research and Development of New Medical Materials, Dongguan 523808, China.
| | - Junchao Liu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Xinwu Lu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China.
| | - Bo Li
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China.
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Li Q, Jiang N, Zhang Y, Liu Y, Su Z, Yuan Q, Sang X, Chen R, Feng Y, Chen Q. Dihydroartemisinin imposes positive and negative regulation on Treg and plasma cells via direct interaction and activation of c-Fos. Commun Biol 2023; 6:52. [PMID: 36646927 PMCID: PMC9842609 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-04454-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Dihydroartemisinin (DHA), a potent antimalarial drug, also exhibits distinct property in modulation on Treg and B cells, which has been recognized for decades, but the underlying mechanisms remain understood. Herein we revealed that DHA could promote Treg proliferation, meanwhile, suppress B cell expansion in germinal centers, and consequently decrease the number of circulating plasma cells and the content of serum immunoglobulins. Further, DHA-activated Treg significantly mitigated lipopolysaccharide-induced and malaria-associated inflammation. All these scenarios were attributed to the upregulation of c-Fos expression by DHA and enhancement of its interaction with target genes in both Treg and circulating plasma cells with bilateral cell fates. In Treg, the c-Fos-DHA complex upregulated cell proliferation-associated genes and promoted cell expansion; whereas in plasma cells, it upregulated the apoptosis-related genes resulting in decreased circulating plasma cells. Thus, the bilateral immunoregulatory mechanism of DHA was elucidated and its application in the treatment of autoimmune diseases is further justified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qilong Li
- grid.412557.00000 0000 9886 8131Key Laboratory of Livestock Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, 120 Dongling Road, Shenyang, 110866 China ,grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839Research Unit for Pathogenic Mechanisms of Zoonotic Parasites, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 120 Dongling Road, Shenyang, 110866 China
| | - Ning Jiang
- grid.412557.00000 0000 9886 8131Key Laboratory of Livestock Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, 120 Dongling Road, Shenyang, 110866 China ,grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839Research Unit for Pathogenic Mechanisms of Zoonotic Parasites, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 120 Dongling Road, Shenyang, 110866 China
| | - Yiwei Zhang
- grid.412557.00000 0000 9886 8131Key Laboratory of Livestock Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, 120 Dongling Road, Shenyang, 110866 China ,grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839Research Unit for Pathogenic Mechanisms of Zoonotic Parasites, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 120 Dongling Road, Shenyang, 110866 China
| | - Yize Liu
- grid.412557.00000 0000 9886 8131Key Laboratory of Livestock Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, 120 Dongling Road, Shenyang, 110866 China ,grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839Research Unit for Pathogenic Mechanisms of Zoonotic Parasites, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 120 Dongling Road, Shenyang, 110866 China
| | - Ziwei Su
- grid.412557.00000 0000 9886 8131Key Laboratory of Livestock Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, 120 Dongling Road, Shenyang, 110866 China ,grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839Research Unit for Pathogenic Mechanisms of Zoonotic Parasites, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 120 Dongling Road, Shenyang, 110866 China
| | - Quan Yuan
- grid.412557.00000 0000 9886 8131Key Laboratory of Livestock Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, 120 Dongling Road, Shenyang, 110866 China ,grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839Research Unit for Pathogenic Mechanisms of Zoonotic Parasites, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 120 Dongling Road, Shenyang, 110866 China
| | - Xiaoyu Sang
- grid.412557.00000 0000 9886 8131Key Laboratory of Livestock Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, 120 Dongling Road, Shenyang, 110866 China ,grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839Research Unit for Pathogenic Mechanisms of Zoonotic Parasites, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 120 Dongling Road, Shenyang, 110866 China
| | - Ran Chen
- grid.412557.00000 0000 9886 8131Key Laboratory of Livestock Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, 120 Dongling Road, Shenyang, 110866 China ,grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839Research Unit for Pathogenic Mechanisms of Zoonotic Parasites, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 120 Dongling Road, Shenyang, 110866 China
| | - Ying Feng
- grid.412557.00000 0000 9886 8131Key Laboratory of Livestock Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, 120 Dongling Road, Shenyang, 110866 China ,grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839Research Unit for Pathogenic Mechanisms of Zoonotic Parasites, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 120 Dongling Road, Shenyang, 110866 China
| | - Qijun Chen
- grid.412557.00000 0000 9886 8131Key Laboratory of Livestock Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, 120 Dongling Road, Shenyang, 110866 China ,grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839Research Unit for Pathogenic Mechanisms of Zoonotic Parasites, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 120 Dongling Road, Shenyang, 110866 China
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Preglej T, Brinkmann M, Steiner G, Aletaha D, Göschl L, Bonelli M. Advanced immunophenotyping: A powerful tool for immune profiling, drug screening, and a personalized treatment approach. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1096096. [PMID: 37033944 PMCID: PMC10080106 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1096096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Various autoimmune diseases are characterized by distinct cell subset distributions and activation profiles of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). PBMCs can therefore serve as an ideal biomarker material, which is easily accessible and allows for screening of multiple cell types. A detailed understanding of the immune landscape is critical for the diagnosis of patients with autoimmune diseases, as well as for a personalized treatment approach. In our study, we investigate the potential of multi-parameter spectral flow cytometry for the identification of patients suffering from autoimmune diseases and its power as an evaluation tool for in vitro drug screening approaches (advanced immunophenotyping). We designed a combination of two 22-color immunophenotyping panels for profiling cell subset distribution and cell activation. Downstream bioinformatics analyses included percentages of individual cell populations and median fluorescent intensity of defined markers which were then visualized as heatmaps and in dimensionality reduction approaches. In vitro testing of epigenetic immunomodulatory drugs revealed an altered activation status upon treatment, which supports the use of spectral flow cytometry as a high-throughput drug screening tool. Advanced immunophenotyping might support the exploration of novel therapeutic drugs and contribute to future personalized treatment approaches in autoimmune diseases and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Lisa Göschl
- *Correspondence: Lisa Göschl, ; Michael Bonelli,
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21
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Zha AH, Luo C, Shen WY, Fu D, Dai RP. Systemic blockade of proBDNF inhibited the expansion and altered the transcriptomic expression in CD3 +B220 + cells in MRL/lpr lupus mice. Lupus Sci Med 2022; 9:9/1/e000836. [PMID: 36581381 PMCID: PMC9806060 DOI: 10.1136/lupus-2022-000836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The overexpansion of CD3+B220+ cells is the hallmark and main pathological mechanism of clinical manifestations of spontaneously developed MRL/lpr mice, which are primarily used as a mouse model of SLE. Our recent report demonstrated that blocking brain-derived neurotrophic factor precursor (proBDNF) suppressed the antibody-secreting cell differentiation and proliferation and inhibited the progression of SLE; however, the effect of proBDNF blockade on these CD3+B220+ cells in MRL/lpr mice is unclear. METHODS To explore the effect of proBDNF on CD3+B220+ cells, MRL/lpr mice at 12 weeks old were intraperitoneally injected with monoclonal anti-proBDNF antibody (McAb-proB) or control IgG continuously for 8 weeks. The manifestations in mice were observed, and peripheral blood and splenocytes were collected and analysed via flow cytometry at 20 weeks old. In addition, splenic CD3+B220+ cells were subjected to RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis to identify transcriptomic alterations. RESULTS CD3+B220+ cells in peripheral blood (p=0.0101) and spleen (p<0.0001) were expanded in MRL/lpr mice. Meanwhile, inhibition of proBDNF signalling reduced the percentage of CD3+B220+ cells in peripheral blood (p=0.0036) and spleen (p=0.0280), alleviated lymphadenopathy, reduced urine protein level (p<0.0001) and increased the body weight (p=0.0493). RNA-seq revealed 501 upregulated and 206 downregulated genes in splenic CD3+B220+ cells in McAb-proB-treated MRL/lpr mice compared with IgG-treated mice. The differentially expressed genes were found to be involved in apoptosis, tumour necrosis factor signalling, and T cell differentiation and proliferation. CONCLUSION Systemic blockade of proBDNF inhibited the overexpansion of CD3+B220+ cells and altered their signals related to cell cycle, cell apoptosis and the immune response, which may contribute to the attenuation of disease symptoms in murine lupus.
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Affiliation(s)
- An-Hui Zha
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Cong Luo
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Wei-Yun Shen
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Di Fu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ru-Ping Dai
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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22
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Anto NP, Arya AK, Muraleedharan A, Shaik J, Nath PR, Livneh E, Sun Z, Braiman A, Isakov N. Cyclophilin A associates with and regulates the activity of ZAP70 in TCR/CD3-stimulated T cells. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 80:7. [PMID: 36495335 PMCID: PMC11072327 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04657-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The ZAP70 protein tyrosine kinase (PTK) couples stimulated T cell antigen receptors (TCRs) to their downstream signal transduction pathways and is sine qua non for T cell activation and differentiation. TCR engagement leads to activation-induced post-translational modifications of ZAP70, predominantly by kinases, which modulate its conformation, leading to activation of its catalytic domain. Here, we demonstrate that ZAP70 in TCR/CD3-activated mouse spleen and thymus cells, as well as human Jurkat T cells, is regulated by the peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase (PPIase), cyclophilin A (CypA) and that this regulation is abrogated by cyclosporin A (CsA), a CypA inhibitor. We found that TCR crosslinking promoted a rapid and transient, Lck-dependent association of CypA with the interdomain B region, at the ZAP70 regulatory domain. CsA inhibited CypA binding to ZAP70 and prevented the colocalization of CypA and ZAP70 at the cell membrane. In addition, imaging analyses of antigen-specific T cells stimulated by MHC-restricted antigen-fed antigen-presenting cells revealed the recruitment of ZAP70-bound CypA to the immunological synapse. Enzymatically active CypA downregulated the catalytic activity of ZAP70 in vitro, an effect that was reversed by CsA in TCR/CD3-activated normal T cells but not in CypA-deficient T cells, and further confirmed in vivo by FRET-based studies. We suggest that CypA plays a role in determining the activity of ZAP70 in TCR-engaged T cells and impact on T cell activation by intervening with the activity of multiple downstream effector molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikhil Ponnoor Anto
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, P.O.B. 653, 84105, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Awadhesh Kumar Arya
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, P.O.B. 653, 84105, Beer Sheva, Israel
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Amitha Muraleedharan
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, P.O.B. 653, 84105, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Jakeer Shaik
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, P.O.B. 653, 84105, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Pulak Ranjan Nath
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, P.O.B. 653, 84105, Beer Sheva, Israel
- Clinical and Translational Immunology Unit, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892-1857, USA
| | - Etta Livneh
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, P.O.B. 653, 84105, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Zuoming Sun
- Department of Immunology and Theranostics, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Alex Braiman
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, P.O.B. 653, 84105, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Noah Isakov
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, P.O.B. 653, 84105, Beer Sheva, Israel.
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23
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in ’t Veld AE, Jansen MAA, Huisman BW, Schoonakker M, de Kam ML, Moes DJAR, van Poelgeest MIE, Burggraaf J, Moerland M. Monitoring of Ex Vivo Cyclosporin a Activity in Healthy Volunteers Using T Cell Function Assays in Relation to Whole Blood and Cellular Pharmacokinetics. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14091958. [PMID: 36145707 PMCID: PMC9503885 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14091958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) of calcineurin inhibitors (i.e., tacrolimus and cyclosporin A) is standard of care after solid organ transplantation. Although the incidence of acute rejection has strongly decreased, there are still many patients who experience severe side effects or rejection after long-term treatment. In this healthy volunteer study we therefore aimed to identify biomarkers to move from a pharmacokinetic-based towards a pharmacodynamic-based monitoring approach for calcineurin inhibitor treatment. Healthy volunteers received a single dose of cyclosporine A (CsA) or placebo, after which whole blood samples were stimulated to measure ex vivo T cell functionality, including proliferation, cytokine production, and activation marker expression. The highest whole blood concentration of CsA was found at 2 h post-dose, which resulted in a strong inhibition of interferon gamma (IFNy) and interleukin-2 (IL-2) production and expression of CD154 and CD71 on T cells. Moreover, the in vitro effect of CsA was studied by incubation of pre-dose whole blood samples with a concentration range of CsA. The average in vitro and ex vivo CsA activity overlapped, making the in vitro dose–effect relationship an interesting method for prediction of post-dose drug effect. The clinical relevance of the results is to be explored in transplantation patients on calcineurin inhibitor treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aliede E. in ’t Veld
- Centre for Human Drug Research, 2333 CL Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Bertine W. Huisman
- Centre for Human Drug Research, 2333 CL Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Gynaecology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Dirk Jan A. R. Moes
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy & Toxicology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Mariëtte I. E. van Poelgeest
- Centre for Human Drug Research, 2333 CL Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Gynaecology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jacobus Burggraaf
- Centre for Human Drug Research, 2333 CL Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
- Leiden Academic Centre of Drug Research, 2333 AL Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Matthijs Moerland
- Centre for Human Drug Research, 2333 CL Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy & Toxicology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
- Correspondence:
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Baarz BR, Laurentius T, Wolf J, Wessels I, Bollheimer LC, Rink L. Short-term zinc supplementation of zinc-deficient seniors counteracts CREMα - mediated IL-2 suppression. Immun Ageing 2022; 19:40. [PMID: 36042501 PMCID: PMC9424813 DOI: 10.1186/s12979-022-00295-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Background Aging is accompanied by a dramatic decline in the interleukin (IL)-2 production capacity of human immune cells, thus making seniors more susceptible to a variety of age-related diseases. A common cause of impaired cytokine production in advanced age is a deficiency of the essential micronutrient zinc. Nevertheless, the molecular mechanisms underlying a zinc deficiency-induced decrease in IL-2 production have not yet been satisfactorily elucidated. Recent animal and in vitro data suggested that the transcription factor cAMP-responsive element modulator (CREM) \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$\alpha$$\end{document}α plays a critical role in T cells´ disturbed IL-2 production in suboptimal zinc conditions. However, its role in the human aging process and the possibility of influencing this detrimental process by short-term zinc supplementation have not yet been evaluated. Results Comparing peripheral lymphocytes of 23 young and 31 elderly subjects with either high, intermediate, or deficient zinc status, we observed zinc-dependent regulation of the IL-2 production mediated by the transcription factor CREM \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$\alpha$$\end{document}α. For the first time in humans, we report a mutual relationship between low zinc levels, high CREM \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$\alpha$$\end{document}α expression, subsequent impaired IL-2 production, and vice versa. Remarkably, an average of only 6 days of in vivo zinc supplementation to zinc-deficient seniors was sufficient to rapidly improve zinc status, reverse CREM \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$\alpha$$\end{document}α overexpression, and counteract subsequent low IL-2 production rates. Conclusions Our ex vivo and in vivo data identify zinc deficiency-mediated CREM \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$\alpha$$\end{document}α overexpression as a key cellular mechanism underlying impaired IL-2 production in the elderly and point toward the use of zinc as a rapidly immune-enhancing add-on nutraceutical in geriatric therapy. Graphical abstract During the aging process, there is a progressive decrease in zinc status, which in turn leads to overexpression of the transcription factor CREM\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$\mathrm{\alpha }$$\end{document}α in peripheral lymphocytes. CREMα is a negative regulator of the IL-2 gene, the overexpression of which dramatically limits adequate IL-2 production. This deleterious mechanism can be counteracted by short-term oral zinc administration, which can adjust IL-2 production in old, zinc-deficient individuals to a level similar to that of young adults.![]()
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25
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Molony RD, Funk T, Trabucco G, Corcoran E, Ruddy D, Varadarajan M, Elliot G, Piquet M, Lam J, Meyer MJ, Wang HQ, Kurtulus S, Lu H. CRISPR screening identifies T cell-intrinsic regulators of CD3-bispecific antibody responses. Front Immunol 2022; 13:909979. [PMID: 35990699 PMCID: PMC9388929 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.909979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
CD3-engaging bispecific antibodies (BsAbs) enable the formation of an immune synapse between T cells and tumor cells, resulting in robust target cell killing not dependent on a preexisting tumor specific T cell receptor. While recent studies have shed light on tumor cell-specific factors that modulate BsAb sensitivity, the T cell-intrinsic determinants of BsAb efficacy and response durability are poorly understood. To better clarify the genes that shape BsAb-induced T cell responses, we conducted targeted analyses and a large-scale unbiased in vitro CRISPR/Cas9-based screen to identify negative regulators of BsAb-induced T cell proliferation. These analyses revealed that CD8+ T cells are dependent on CD4+ T cell-derived signaling factors in order to achieve sustained killing in vitro. Moreover, the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway and several other candidate genes were identified as intrinsic regulators of BsAb-induced T cell proliferation and/or activation, highlighting promising approaches to enhancing the utility of these potent therapeutics.
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26
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Veytia-Bucheli JI, Alvarado-Velázquez DA, Possani LD, González-Amaro R, Rosenstein Y. The Ca 2+ Channel Blocker Verapamil Inhibits the In Vitro Activation and Function of T Lymphocytes: A 2022 Reappraisal. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14071478. [PMID: 35890372 PMCID: PMC9324055 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14071478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Ca2+ channel blockers (CCBs) are commonly used to treat different cardiovascular conditions. These drugs disrupt the intracellular Ca2+ signaling network, inhibiting numerous cellular functions in different cells, including T lymphocytes. We explored the effect of the CCB verapamil on normal human peripheral blood T cell activation, proliferation, and cytokine production. Cells were activated by ligating CD3 or CD3/CD28 in the presence or absence of verapamil, and the expression of activation-induced cell surface molecules (CD25, CD40L, CD69, PD-1, and OX40), cell proliferation, and cytokine release were assessed by flow cytometry. Verapamil exerted a dose-dependent inhibitory effect on the expression of all the activation-induced cell surface molecules tested. In addition, verapamil diminished T cell proliferation induced in response to CD3/CD28 stimulation. Likewise, the production of Th1/Th17 and Th2 cytokines was also reduced by verapamil. Our data substantiate a potent in vitro suppressive effect of verapamil on T lymphocytes, a fact that might be relevant in patients receiving CCBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Ignacio Veytia-Bucheli
- Departamento de Medicina Molecular y Bioprocesos, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad 2001, Cuernavaca 62210, Mexico; (J.I.V.-B.); (D.A.A.-V.); (L.D.P.)
- Laboratoire de Chimie Bio-Organique, Département de Chimie, Faculté des Sciences, Université de Namur, Rue de Bruxelles 615, 5000 Namur, Belgium
| | - Den Alejandro Alvarado-Velázquez
- Departamento de Medicina Molecular y Bioprocesos, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad 2001, Cuernavaca 62210, Mexico; (J.I.V.-B.); (D.A.A.-V.); (L.D.P.)
- Posgrado en Ciencias, Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Básicas y Aplicadas, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Av. Universidad 1001, Cuernavaca 62209, Mexico
| | - Lourival Domingos Possani
- Departamento de Medicina Molecular y Bioprocesos, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad 2001, Cuernavaca 62210, Mexico; (J.I.V.-B.); (D.A.A.-V.); (L.D.P.)
| | - Roberto González-Amaro
- Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud y Biomedicina, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Av. Sierra Leona 550, San Luis Potosí 78210, Mexico;
| | - Yvonne Rosenstein
- Departamento de Medicina Molecular y Bioprocesos, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad 2001, Cuernavaca 62210, Mexico; (J.I.V.-B.); (D.A.A.-V.); (L.D.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +52-(777)-329-1606
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Network analysis for elucidating the mechanisms of Shenfu injection in preventing and treating COVID-19 combined with heart failure. Comput Biol Med 2022; 148:105845. [PMID: 35849948 PMCID: PMC9279168 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2022.105845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Background The emergence of the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has led to millions of infections and is exerting an unprecedented impact on society and economies worldwide. The evidence showed that heart failure (HF) is a clinical syndrome that could be encountered at different stages during the progression of COVID-19. Shenfu injection (SFI), a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formula has been widely used for heart failure therapy in China and was suggested to treat critical COVID-19 cases based on the guideline for diagnosis and treatment of COVID-19 (the 7th version) issued by National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China. However, the active components, potential targets, related pathways, and underlying pharmacology mechanism of SFI against COVID-19 combined with HF remain vague. Objective To investigate the effectiveness and possible pharmacological mechanism of SFI for the prevention and treatment of COVID-19 combined with HF. Methods In the current study, a network analysis approach integrating active compound screening (drug-likeness, lipophilicity, and aqueous solubility models), target fishing (Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology, fingerprint-based Similarity Ensemble Approach, and PharmMapper databases), compound-target-disease network construction (Cytoscape software), protein-protein interaction network construction (STRING and Cytoscape software), biological process analysis (STRING and Cytoscape plug-in Clue GO) and pathway analysis (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analysis) was developed to decipher the active ingredients, potential targets, relevant pathways, and the therapeutic mechanisms of SFI for preventing and treating COVID-19 combined with HF. Results Finally, 20 active compounds (DL ≥ 0.18, 1≤Alog P ≤ 5, and −5≤LogS ≤ −1) and 164 relevant targets of SFI were identified related to the development of COVID-19 combined with HF, which were mainly involved in three biological processes including metabolic, hemostasis, and cytokine signaling in immune system. The C-T-D network and reactome pathway analysis indicated that SFI probably regulated the pathological processes of heart failure, respiratory failure, lung injury, and inflammatory response in patients with COVID-19 combined with HF through acting on several targets and pathways. Moreover, the venn diagram was used to identify 54 overlapped targets of SFI, COVID-19, and HF. KEGG pathway enrichment analysis showed that 54 overlapped targets were highly enriched to several COVID-19 and HF related pathways, such as IL-17 signaling pathway, Th17 cell differentiation, and NF-kappa B signaling pathway. Conclusions A comprehensive network analysis approach framework was developed to systematically elucidate the potential pharmacological mechanism of SFI for the prevention and treatment of SFI against COVID-19 combined with HF. The current study may not only provide in-depth understanding of the pharmacological mechanisms of SFI, but also a scientific basis for the application of SFI against COVID-19 combined with HF.
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Uslu M, Albayrak E, Kocabaş F. Competitive inhibition of IL-2/IL-2R has a dual effect on HSC ex vivo expansion and IL-2R (CD25) content. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 110:109035. [PMID: 35834953 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.109035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin-2 (IL-2) and its receptor play a pivotal role in the regulation of immune response and possess both immune-regulatory and immune-stimulatory functions. As a cytokine of lymphoid cells, the role of IL-2 has been revealed in hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) maintenance and proper hematopoiesis. Here, we investigated that small molecule Ro 26-4550 trifluoroacetate (Ro) mediated competitive inhibition of IL-2 and its receptor alpha subunit (IL-2Rα) throughout ex vivo culture. Ro treatment induced murine and human ex vivo expansion of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs). Ro treated HSPCs sustained self-renewal ability and low apoptotic activity. As a competitive inhibitor of IL-2/IL-2Rα interaction, Ro small molecule induced human HSPCs to entry into cell cycle. The proliferation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) and fibroblasts were also highly increased post treatment. Besides, Ro treatment enhanced IL-2Rα (CD25) expression independent of IL-2 administration in human mPB-derived HSPCs and BM-derived HSPCs. Increased IL-2Rα (CD25) expression in BM-HSPCs was associated with the increase in the CD4+CD25+ T cell population. Xenotransplantation of immunodeficient mice with ex vivo expanded human CD34+ cells after Ro treatment revealed an efficient multi-lineage reconstitution in the recipient. These findings shed light on the role of IL-2/IL-2Rα interaction in HSC expansion, in vivo and in vitro HSC self-renewal ability and repopulation capacity as well as a possible mean for the induction of CD25 expressing cells in hematopoietic compartments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merve Uslu
- Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Türkiye; Johns Hopkins All Children's Hospital, USA
| | - Esra Albayrak
- Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Türkiye; Center of Stem Cell Research and Application, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Türkiye
| | - Fatih Kocabaş
- Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Türkiye.
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Majewska A, Dembele K, Dziendzikowska K, Prostek A, Gajewska M. Cytokine and Lymphocyte Profiles in Dogs with Atopic Dermatitis after Allergen-Specific Immunotherapy. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10071037. [PMID: 35891200 PMCID: PMC9323343 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10071037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Canine atopic dermatitis (cAD) is a chronic and recurrent inflammatory and pruritic skin disease in dogs. Currently, allergen-specific immunotherapy (ASIT) is the only identified disease-modifying intervention for allergic diseases. It decreases the symptoms triggered by allergens and prevents recurrence of the disease in the long-term. The aim of our research was to determine how immunotherapy changes the proportion of lymphocyte subsets in dog peripheral blood and the levels of cytokines secreted by these cells during therapy. ASIT was applied for 6 months. Blood samples for further analyses were collected from patients in the third and sixth month of immunotherapy. Six out of seven dogs receiving ASIT showed a positive effect. A reduction in cytokine levels (IL-13, TNF-α) in peripheral blood of cAD patients and changes in the number of specific T cell subpopulations—reduction of Tc cells (CD8+) and increase of activated T cells (CD3+CD25+)—confirmed the beneficial effect of the applied ASIT. In addition, a significantly higher percentage of Treg cells (CD4+CD25+FOXP3+) was noted in cAD patients before treatment compared to healthy dogs. After 3 months of therapy, the percentage of Tregs significantly decreased, and after 6 months, it increased significantly again.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicja Majewska
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW), Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland; (A.P.); (M.G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-22-59-362-57
| | - Kourou Dembele
- Department of Small Animal Diseases and Clinic, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW), Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Katarzyna Dziendzikowska
- Department of Dietetics, Institute of Human Nutrition Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW), Nowoursynowska 159c, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Adam Prostek
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW), Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland; (A.P.); (M.G.)
| | - Małgorzata Gajewska
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW), Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland; (A.P.); (M.G.)
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Abstract
While computational engineering of therapeutic proteins is a desirable goal, in practice the optimization of protein–protein interactions requires substantial experimental intervention. We present here a computational approach that focuses on stabilizing core protein structures rather than engineering the protein–protein interface. Using this approach, we designed thermostabilized interleukin-2 (IL-2) variants that bind tightly to their receptor without experimental optimization, mimicking the properties of the yeast-display engineered IL-2 variant “super-2.” Our results suggest that structure-guided stabilization may be a general method for in silico affinity maturation of protein–protein interactions. Affinity maturation of protein–protein interactions is an important approach in the development of therapeutic proteins such as cytokines. Typical experimental strategies involve targeting the cytokine-receptor interface with combinatorial libraries and then selecting for higher-affinity variants. Mutations to the binding scaffold are usually not considered main drivers for improved affinity. Here we demonstrate that computational design can provide affinity-enhanced variants of interleukin-2 (IL-2) “out of the box” without any requirement for interface engineering. Using a strategy of global IL-2 structural stabilization targeting metastable regions of the three-dimensional structure, rather than the receptor binding interfaces, we computationally designed thermostable IL-2 variants with up to 40-fold higher affinity for IL-2Rβ without any library-based optimization. These IL-2 analogs exhibited CD25-independent activities on T and natural killer (NK) cells both in vitro and in vivo, mimicking the properties of the IL-2 superkine “super-2” that was engineered through yeast surface display [A. M. Levin et al., Nature, 484, 529–533 (2012)]. Structure-guided stabilization of cytokines is a powerful approach to affinity maturation with applications to many cytokine and protein–protein interactions.
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Liu Y, Li J, Zhao L, Zhu J, Liu S, Wang H, Zhang Y. Effects of interleukin-2 concentration and administration method on proliferation and function of cytokine-induced killer cells. Transl Cancer Res 2022; 10:3930-3938. [PMID: 35116692 PMCID: PMC8799159 DOI: 10.21037/tcr-21-556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Background Cytokine-induced killer cells (CIKs) adoptive cell transfer (ACT) is a common malignant tumor treatment method. Interleukin-2 (IL-2) is one of the essential cytokines for CIKs cultures. In different phase of CIKs (quiescent and exponential growth), due to different active states and IL-2R expression of the CIKs surface, different doses of IL-2 are required. However, most studies, only addressed the effects of IL-2 concentrations on the function of CIKs, and the differences between varied administration methods of IL-2 have not been explored. Methods This study established a novel sequential administration methods for IL-2. Different concentrations of IL-2 were added during different CIKs induction phases. Then, the proliferation ability of CIKs was evaluated using cell proliferation curves. The immune phenotype was analyzed by flow cytometry (FCM), and IFN-γ secretion ability and cytotoxicity were detected using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits and cell counting kit-8, respectively. Multiple comparisons were conducted between each group to compare the function of CIKs in 12 experimental groups. Results As the IL-2 concentration increased, the number of CIKs continued to increase in each group, but the function of CIKs was not positively related to its number: CD3+ CD56+ subpopulation ratio, INF-γ secretion ability, and cytotoxicity showed irregular changes. During the quiescent and exponential growth phases, adding 300 and 1,000 U/mL IL-2 respectively achieved powerful CIKs (cell numbers of day 16: (384.37±2.05)×106/mL, proliferation: 128.12, CD3+ CD56+ subpopulation ratio: 40.9%, INF-γ secretion ability: 542 pg/mL, cytotoxicity: 40:1, 74.22). Conclusions Different concentrations of IL-2 had a greater influence on the biological function of CIKs in different growth phases, and it is better to add IL-2 sequentially during the quiescent and exponential growth phases of CIKs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yali Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China.,Gansu Key Laboratory of Animal Generational Physiology and Reproductive Regulation, Lanzhou, China.,Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jicheng Li
- Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | | | - Jiarui Zhu
- Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Suli Liu
- Second Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Hongxia Wang
- Second Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China.,Gansu Key Laboratory of Animal Generational Physiology and Reproductive Regulation, Lanzhou, China
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Holcomb EA, Zou W. A forced marriage of IL-2 and PD-1 antibody nurtures tumor-infiltrating T cells. J Clin Invest 2022; 132:e156628. [PMID: 35104808 PMCID: PMC8803318 DOI: 10.1172/jci156628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
IL-2 is a pleiotropic cytokine. In this issue of the JCI, Ren et al. report on the development of a low-affinity IL-2 paired with anti-PD-1 (PD-1-laIL-2) that reactivates intratumoral CD8+ T cells, but not CD4+ Treg cells. PD-1-laIL-2 treatment synergized with anti-PD-L1 therapy to overcome tumor resistance to immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) in tumor-bearing mice. Rejection of rechallenged tumors following PD-1-laIL-2 therapy demonstrated the establishment of a potent T cell memory response. Furthermore, PD-1-laIL-2 therapy manifested no obvious toxicity. These findings suggest the potential of PD-1-laIL-2 therapy in treating patients with cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Weiping Zou
- Graduate Program in Immunology
- Department of Surgery, and
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Center of Excellence for Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Michigan Rogel Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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SUMOylation of PDPK1 Is required to maintain glycolysis-dependent CD4 T-cell homeostasis. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:181. [PMID: 35210408 PMCID: PMC8873481 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-04622-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe immune system is finely tuned to fight against infections, eradicate neoplasms, and prevent autoimmunity. Protein posttranslational modification (PTM) constitutes a molecular layer of regulation to guarantee the proper intensity of immune response. Herein, we report that UBC9-mediated protein SUMOylation plays an essential role in peripheral CD4 T-cell proliferation, but without a perceptible impact on T-cell polarization. Both conventional T-cell (Tcon) and regulatory T-cell (Treg) maintenance are differentially affected, which was likely caused by a shared deficit in cell glycolytic metabolism. Mechanistically, PDPK1 (3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein-kinase 1) was identified as a novel SUMOylation substrate, which occurred predominantly at lysine 299 (K299) located within the protein-kinase domain. Loss of PDPK1 SUMOylation impeded its autophosphorylation at serine 241 (S241), thereby leading to hypoactivation of downstream mTORC1 signaling coupled with incompetence of cell proliferation. Altogether, our results revealed a novel regulatory mechanism in peripheral CD4 T-cell homeostatic proliferation, which involves SUMOylation regulation of PDPK1–mTORC1 signaling-mediated glycolytic process.
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Peerlings D, Mimpen M, Damoiseaux J. The IL-2 - IL-2 receptor pathway: Key to understanding multiple sclerosis. J Transl Autoimmun 2022; 4:100123. [PMID: 35005590 PMCID: PMC8716671 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtauto.2021.100123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The development, progression, diagnosis and treatment of autoimmune diseases, such as multiple sclerosis (MS), are convoluted processes which remain incompletely understood. Multiple studies demonstrated that the interleukin (IL)-2 – IL-2 receptor (IL-2R) pathway plays a pivotal role within these processes. The most striking functions of the IL-2 – IL-2R pathway are the differential induction of autoimmune responses and tolerance. This paradoxical function of the IL-2 – IL-2R pathway may be an attractive therapeutic target for autoimmune diseases such as MS. However, the exact mechanisms that lead to autoimmunity or tolerance remain to be elucidated. Furthermore, another factor of this pathway, the soluble form of the IL-2R (sIL-2R), further complicates understanding the role of the IL-2 – IL-2R pathway in MS. The challenge is to unravel these mechanisms to prevent, diagnose and recover MS. In this review, first, the current knowledge of MS and the IL-2 – IL-2R pathway are summarized. Second, the key findings of the relation between the IL-2 – IL-2R pathway and MS have been highlighted. Eventually, this review may launch broad interest in the IL-2 – IL-2R pathway propelling further research in autoimmune diseases, including MS. The IL-2 – IL-2R pathway determines the balance between immunity and tolerance. The IL-2 – IL-2R pathway is involved in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis. The role of soluble IL-2R is controversial and requires further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daphne Peerlings
- Central Diagnostic Laboratory, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Max Mimpen
- School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, University of Maastricht, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Jan Damoiseaux
- Central Diagnostic Laboratory, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
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OUP accepted manuscript. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2022; 61:4547-4557. [DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/keac112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Haddadi MH, Negahdari B. Clinical and diagnostic potential of regulatory T cell markers: From bench to bedside. Transpl Immunol 2021; 70:101518. [PMID: 34922022 DOI: 10.1016/j.trim.2021.101518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Regulatory T (Treg) cells are heterogeneous immune cell populations residing in the thymus and peripheral lymphatic tissues. This immune cell plays a central and critical role in maintaining immune tolerance against undesirable immune responses. Treg cells' phenotypic heterogeneity caused by different pathological conditions makes their identification and differentiation from non-suppressive T cells difficult. On the other hand, using nonspecific markers and variable isolation panels leads to undesirable outcomes. There are a variety of markers to identify functional Treg cells, including CD25, FOXP3, and CTLA-4, as well as the epigenetic signature of forkhead box P3 (FOXP3), which can be used for both natural and induced Treg cells. Phenotypic heterogeneity is a major concern in Treg purification when using nonspecific markers, which can be addressed by utilizing suitable isolation panels designed for different purposes. This review presents a clinical framework for Treg detection and isolation, focusing on Treg markers such as CD25, FOXP3, CTLA-4, CD127, GPA-33, and TSDR demethylation to design Treg isolation panels suitable for different Treg therapy purposes. The current review also highlights new reliable Treg markers applicable for different purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Babak Negahdari
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Lisowska KA, Storoniak H, Dębska-Ślizień A. T cell subpopulations and cytokine levels in hemodialysis patients. Hum Immunol 2021; 83:134-143. [PMID: 34802797 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2021.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
HD patients have impaired adaptive immune responses, which might depend on the primary cause of chronic kidney disease (CKD). We analyzed percentages of T cells subpopulations with the expression of CD69, CD25, CD95, and HLA-DR antigens in HD patients to determine the status of T cell activation. Also, we determined serum levels of cytokines: IL12p70, TNF, IL-10, IL-6, IL-1β, IL-8. HD patients had increased percentages of CD4+CD25+, CD4+CD69+, CD4+HLA-DR+, CD8+CD69+, and CD8+HLA-DR+ cells compared to healthy people. Also, their IL-6 and IL-8 serum levels were higher. Changes in T cell subpopulations were seen in patients with diabetic nephropathy (DN) or ischemic nephropathy (IN) but not with glomerulonephritis (GN). HD patients dialyzed for more than six months had a lower percentage of CD4+CD69+, CD8+HLA-DR+, CD8+CD95+ cells, higher IL-12p70 levels, and lower IL-8 levels. Our results show that HD treatment and CKD cause influence T cell activation status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna A Lisowska
- Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Hanna Storoniak
- Department of Nephrology, Transplantology and Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Alicja Dębska-Ślizień
- Department of Nephrology, Transplantology and Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
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Bickett TE, Knitz M, Darragh LB, Bhatia S, Van Court B, Gadwa J, Bhuvane S, Piper M, Nguyen D, Tu H, Lenz L, Clambey ET, Barry K, Karam SD. FLT3L Release by Natural Killer Cells Enhances Response to Radioimmunotherapy in Preclinical Models of HNSCC. Clin Cancer Res 2021; 27:6235-6249. [PMID: 34518311 PMCID: PMC8595694 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-21-0971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Natural killer (NK) cells are type I innate lymphoid cells that are known for their role in killing virally infected cells or cancer cells through direct cytotoxicity. In addition to direct tumor cell killing, NK cells are known to play fundamental roles in the tumor microenvironment through secretion of key cytokines, such as FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 ligand (FLT3L). Although radiotherapy is the mainstay treatment in most cancers, the role of radiotherapy on NK cells is not well characterized. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN This study combines radiation, immunotherapies, genetic mouse models, and antibody depletion experiments to identify the role of NK cells in overcoming resistance to radiotherapy in orthotopic models of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. RESULTS We have found that NK cells are a crucial component in the development of an antitumor response, as depleting them removes efficacy of the previously successful combination treatment of radiotherapy, anti-CD25, and anti-CD137. However, in the absence of NK cells, the effect can be rescued through treatment with FLT3L. But neither radiotherapy with FLT3L therapy alone nor radiotherapy with anti-NKG2A yields any meaningful tumor growth delay. We also identify a role for IL2 in activating NK cells to secrete FLT3L. This activity, we show, is mediated through CD122, the intermediate affinity IL2 receptor, and can be targeted with anti-CD25 therapy. CONCLUSIONS These findings highlight the complexity of using radio-immunotherapies to activate NK cells within the tumor microenvironment, and the importance of NK cells in activating dendritic cells for increased tumor surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas E Bickett
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Michael Knitz
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Laurel B Darragh
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Shilpa Bhatia
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Benjamin Van Court
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Jacob Gadwa
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Shiv Bhuvane
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Miles Piper
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Diemmy Nguyen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Hua Tu
- Lake Pharma, The Biologics Company, San Francisco, California
| | - Laurel Lenz
- Department of Immunology, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Eric T Clambey
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Kevin Barry
- Immunotherapy Integrated Research Center, Fred Hutchinson Research Institute, Seattle, Washington
| | - Sana D Karam
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado.
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Kobayashi M, Kojima K, Murayama K, Amano Y, Koyama T, Ogama N, Takeshita T, Fukuhara T, Tanaka N. MK-6, a novel not-α IL-2, elicits a potent antitumor activity by improving the effector to regulatory T cell balance. Cancer Sci 2021; 112:4478-4489. [PMID: 34545658 PMCID: PMC8586658 DOI: 10.1111/cas.15127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
IL-2 is a pleiotropic cytokine that regulates immune cell homeostasis. Its immunomodulatory function has been used clinically as an active immunotherapy agent for metastatic cancers. However, severe adverse effects, including the vascular leak syndrome and the preferential stimulation of anti-immunogenic Treg rather than effector T cells, have been obstacles. We newly designed a mutein IL-2, Mutakine-6 (MK-6), with reduced IL-2Rα-binding capability. MK-6 induced comparable cell growth potential toward IL-2Rβγ-positive T cells but was far less efficient in in vitro Treg proliferation and STAT5 activation. Unlike IL-2, in vivo administration of MK-6 produced minimal adverse effects. Using CT26 and B16F10-syngeneic tumor models, we found MK-6 was highly efficacious on tumor regression. Serum albumin conjugation to MK-6 prolonged in vivo half-life and accumulated in CT26 tumors, showing enhanced antitumor effect. Tumor-infiltrating leukocytes analysis revealed that albumin-fused MK-6 increased the ratio of effector CD8+ T cells to CD4+ Treg cells. These results demonstrated that MK-6 is an efficient immunomodulator potentially used for improved immunotherapy with decreased adverse effects and attenuated Treg stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maki Kobayashi
- Division of Tumor Immunobiology, Miyagi Cancer Center Research Institute, Natori, Japan.,Division of Tumor Immunobiology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.,Division of Respiratory Oncology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Miyagi Cancer Center Hospital, Natori, Japan
| | - Katsuhiko Kojima
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Kazutaka Murayama
- Division of Biomedical Measurements and Diagnostics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yuji Amano
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Takashi Koyama
- Division of Tumor Immunobiology, Miyagi Cancer Center Research Institute, Natori, Japan.,Division of Tumor Immunobiology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Naoko Ogama
- Division of Tumor Immunobiology, Miyagi Cancer Center Research Institute, Natori, Japan
| | - Toshikazu Takeshita
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Tatsuro Fukuhara
- Division of Respiratory Oncology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Miyagi Cancer Center Hospital, Natori, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Tanaka
- Division of Tumor Immunobiology, Miyagi Cancer Center Research Institute, Natori, Japan.,Division of Tumor Immunobiology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
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40
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Yang P, Sun Y, Zhang M, Hu L, Wang X, Luo L, Qiao C, Wang J, Xiao H, Li X, Feng J, Chen Y, Zheng Y, Shi Y, Chen G. The inhibition of CD4
+
T cell proinflammatory response by lactic acid is independent of monocarboxylate transporter 1. Scand J Immunol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/sji.13103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Yang
- Inner Mongolia Key Lab of Molecular Biology School of Basic Medical Sciences Inner Mongolia Medical University Hohhot China
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical CountermeasuresInstitute of Pharmacology and Toxicology Beijing China
| | - Ying Sun
- Inner Mongolia Key Lab of Molecular Biology School of Basic Medical Sciences Inner Mongolia Medical University Hohhot China
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical CountermeasuresInstitute of Pharmacology and Toxicology Beijing China
| | - Min Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical CountermeasuresInstitute of Pharmacology and Toxicology Beijing China
| | - Linhan Hu
- Inner Mongolia Key Lab of Molecular Biology School of Basic Medical Sciences Inner Mongolia Medical University Hohhot China
| | - Xinwei Wang
- Inner Mongolia Key Lab of Molecular Biology School of Basic Medical Sciences Inner Mongolia Medical University Hohhot China
| | - Longlong Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical CountermeasuresInstitute of Pharmacology and Toxicology Beijing China
| | - Chunxia Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical CountermeasuresInstitute of Pharmacology and Toxicology Beijing China
| | - Jing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical CountermeasuresInstitute of Pharmacology and Toxicology Beijing China
| | - He Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical CountermeasuresInstitute of Pharmacology and Toxicology Beijing China
| | - Xinying Li
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical CountermeasuresInstitute of Pharmacology and Toxicology Beijing China
| | - Jiannan Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical CountermeasuresInstitute of Pharmacology and Toxicology Beijing China
| | - Yu Chen
- Department of Experimental Animals Zhejiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine Hangzhou China
| | - Yuanqiang Zheng
- Inner Mongolia Key Lab of Molecular Biology School of Basic Medical Sciences Inner Mongolia Medical University Hohhot China
| | - Yanchun Shi
- Inner Mongolia Key Lab of Molecular Biology School of Basic Medical Sciences Inner Mongolia Medical University Hohhot China
| | - Guojiang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical CountermeasuresInstitute of Pharmacology and Toxicology Beijing China
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41
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Buchanan T, Amouzegar A, Luke JJ. Next-Generation Immunotherapy Approaches in Melanoma. Curr Oncol Rep 2021; 23:116. [PMID: 34342752 DOI: 10.1007/s11912-021-01104-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW For patients with metastatic melanoma, immune checkpoint inhibition has drastically changed outcomes. Here, we review the current and next generations of immune-based anti-cancer therapeutics for patients with metastatic melanoma. RECENT FINDINGS The need for new anti-cancer therapeutics in patients with metastatic melanoma who have progression of disease despite immune checkpoint blockade is evident. Several novel agents are expected to have FDA approval within the next few years, as they have yielded impressive responses. Despite these optimistic agents, the field of immuno-oncology continues to expand and produce agents with novel mechanisms of action. The next generation of immunotherapy is based upon years of thoroughly researched immuno-oncology. Many of these agents are currently being evaluated in early phase clinical trials, and much of the preliminary data looks promising.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler Buchanan
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Afsaneh Amouzegar
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jason J Luke
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA. .,Hillman Cancer Center, UPMC, 5150 Centre Ave. Room 564, Pittsburgh, PA, 15232, USA.
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42
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Xu S, Foss F. New nonchemotherapy treatment options for cutaneous T-cell lymphomas. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2021; 21:1017-1028. [PMID: 33554707 DOI: 10.1080/14737140.2021.1882859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The most common types of CTCL are mycosis fungoides (MF) and Sézary syndrome (SS). In both MF and SS, complete responses to treatment are uncommon. Recent developments and understanding of the biology of MF/SS have led to novel agents which may offer prolonged responses with less toxicity compared to conventional chemotherapy approaches. AREAS COVERED In this review, we discuss the efficacy and safety of new nonchemotherapy treatment options including antibody agents, small molecule inhibitors, fusion proteins, and CAR T-cell therapy. We also reflect on older immunomodulatory treatments including retinoids and histone deacetylase inhibitors. EXPERT OPINION Patients with MF/SS who require systemic therapy often progress through multiple agents sequentially, thus the need for additional novel agents in the treatment armamentarium. Antibody-based therapies such as alemtuzumab are highly effective in the blood compartment of disease, while brentuximab vedotin has shown higher activity in skin and lymph nodes. Checkpoint inhibitors may play a role in treating MF/SS but may induce hyperprogression, and engineered T cells and bispecific antibodies recruiting immune effectors are being developed and may show promise in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne Xu
- Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, United States
| | - Francine Foss
- Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, United States
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43
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Liu D, Liu B, Lin C, Gu J. Imbalance of Peripheral Lymphocyte Subsets in Patients With Ankylosing Spondylitis: A Meta-Analysis. Front Immunol 2021; 12:696973. [PMID: 34295337 PMCID: PMC8291033 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.696973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Ankylosing spondylitis is a complicated consequence of genetic predisposition and environmental factors. Enthesitis is believed to be the hallmark of ankylosing spondylitis, and the chronic inflammatory state of this disease is perpetuated by the disturbances of both the innate immune system and the acquired immune system. To clarify the alteration of immune system in patients with AS, we conducted a meta-analysis concerning the proportions of major lymphocyte subsets in the peripheral blood of AS patients. We systematically searched PubMed and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) for articles related to this subject. A total of 95 articles involving 4,020 AS patients and 3,065 healthy controls were included in the analysis. This meta-analysis is performed on R platform using R package "meta", and Egger's tests were used to determine the presence of publication bias. Results showed that the percentages of T cells, NK cells and NKT cells were not significantly different between AS patients and healthy controls, but B cells were significantly increased. Among the subsets of T cells, the proportions of CD4+ T cells, Th17 cells, Tfh cells as well as Th1/Th2 ratio were significantly increased, while Tregs were significantly decreased. Subgroup analysis showed that the proportions of Th17 among both PBMCs, T cells and CD4+ T cells were significantly elevated, while Tregs were only significantly lower in PBMCs. Subgroup analysis also demonstrated that Tregs defined by "CD4+CD25+FoxP3+", "CD4+CD25+CD127low"or "CD4+CD25+CD127-"were significantly downregulated, indicating that the selection of markers could be critical. Further study is warranted in order to elucidate the complicated interactions between different lymphocyte subsets in AS patients. This study implied that the disequilibrium between Th17 and Tregs, as well as between Th1 and Th2 could contribute to the pathogenesis of ankylosing spondylitis, further cementing the understanding that ankylosing spondylitis is a consequence of disrupted balance of innate immune system and acquired immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Liu
- Department of Rheumatology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Budian Liu
- Department of Rheumatology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Churong Lin
- Radiology Department, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jieruo Gu
- Department of Rheumatology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
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44
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Guzelj S, Nabergoj S, Gobec M, Pajk S, Klančič V, Slütter B, Frkanec R, Štimac A, Šket P, Plavec J, Mlinarič-Raščan I, Jakopin Ž. Structural Fine-Tuning of Desmuramylpeptide NOD2 Agonists Defines Their In Vivo Adjuvant Activity. J Med Chem 2021; 64:7809-7838. [PMID: 34043358 PMCID: PMC8279416 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c00644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
![]()
We
report on the design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of
a series of nucleotide-binding oligomerization-domain-containing protein
2 (NOD2) desmuramylpeptide agonists with improved in vitro and in vivo adjuvant properties. We identified
two promising compounds: 68, a potent nanomolar in vitro NOD2 agonist, and the more lipophilic 75, which shows superior adjuvant activity in vivo. Both compounds had immunostimulatory effects on peripheral blood
mononuclear cells at the protein and transcriptional levels, and augmented
dendritic-cell-mediated activation of T cells, while 75 additionally enhanced the cytotoxic activity of peripheral blood
mononuclear cells against malignant cells. The C18 lipophilic
tail of 75 is identified as a pivotal structural element
that confers in vivo adjuvant activity in conjunction
with a liposomal delivery system. Accordingly, liposome-encapsulated 75 showed promising adjuvant activity in mice, surpassing
that of muramyl dipeptide, while achieving a more balanced Th1/Th2
immune response, thus highlighting its potential as a vaccine adjuvant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samo Guzelj
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Sanja Nabergoj
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Martina Gobec
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Stane Pajk
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Veronika Klančič
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Bram Slütter
- Div. BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Ruža Frkanec
- Centre for Research and Knowledge Transfer in Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Adela Štimac
- Centre for Research and Knowledge Transfer in Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Primož Šket
- Slovenian NMR Centre, National Institute of Chemistry, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Janez Plavec
- Slovenian NMR Centre, National Institute of Chemistry, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | | | - Žiga Jakopin
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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45
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Lu J, Li P, Du X, Liu Y, Zhang B, Qi F. Regulatory T cells induce transplant immune tolerance. Transpl Immunol 2021; 67:101411. [PMID: 34020045 DOI: 10.1016/j.trim.2021.101411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Organ transplantation is the preferred treatment option for end-stage organ failure. Although immunosuppressants are effective for preventing the occurrence of acute rejection, they also cause a series of side effects in transplant recipients. To improve the quality of patient survival, a new therapeutic strategy that has fewer side effects than current immunosuppressive regimens and can induce allograft immune tolerance and effectively prevent transplant rejection is needed. In this context, regulatory T cells (Tregs) are considered to be promising research targets. With the increasing understanding of the immunomodulatory role of Tregs, the use of Treg-based cellular therapies has shifted from prevention/treatment of autoimmune diseases to clinical trials for organ transplantation. This review describes the phenotype and in vitro expansion of Tregs and the mechanisms by which they exert immunomodulatory effects in transplantation immunity, highlights recent clinical trial data on Treg-based cellular therapies in transplantation, and describes future directions and limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Lu
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, No. 154, Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin 300052, China; Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No. 218, Jixi Road, Shushan District, Hefei, Anhui 230022, China.
| | - Peiyuan Li
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, No. 154, Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin 300052, China.
| | - Xuezhi Du
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, No. 154, Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin 300052, China.
| | - Yanhong Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, No. 154, Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin 300052, China.
| | - Baotong Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, No. 154, Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin 300052, China.
| | - Feng Qi
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, No. 154, Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin 300052, China.
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46
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Kawai H, Ando K, Maruyama D, Yamamoto K, Kiyohara E, Terui Y, Fukuhara N, Miyagaki T, Tokura Y, Sakata-Yanagimoto M, Igarashi T, Kuroda J, Fujita J, Uchida T, Ishikawa T, Yonekura K, Kato K, Nakanishi T, Nakai K, Matsunaga R, Tobinai K. Phase II study of E7777 in Japanese patients with relapsed/refractory peripheral and cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. Cancer Sci 2021; 112:2426-2435. [PMID: 33792128 PMCID: PMC8177793 DOI: 10.1111/cas.14906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
E7777 is a recombinant cytotoxic fusion protein composed of the diphtheria toxin fragments A and B and human interleukin‐2. It shares an amino acid sequence with denileukin diftitox, but has improved purity and an increased percentage of active monomer. We undertook a multicenter, single‐arm phase II study of E7777 in patients with relapsed or refractory peripheral T‐cell lymphoma (PTCL) and cutaneous T‐cell lymphoma (CTCL) to evaluate its efficacy, safety, pharmacokinetics, and immunogenicity. A total of 37 patients were enrolled, of which 17 and 19 patients had PTCL and CTCL, respectively, and one patient with another type of lymphoma (extranodal natural killer/T‐cell lymphoma, nasal type), diagnosed by the Central Pathological Diagnosis Committee. Among the 36 patients with PTCL and CTCL, objective response rate based on the independent review was 36% (41% and 31%, respectively). The median progression‐free survival was 3.1 months (2.1 months in PTCL and 4.2 months in CTCL). The common adverse events (AEs) observed were increased aspartate aminotransferase (AST) / alanine aminotransferase (ALT), hypoalbuminemia, lymphopenia, and pyrexia. Our results indicated that a 9 µg/kg/d dose of E7777 shows efficacy and a manageable safety profile in Japanese patients with relapsed or refractory PTCL and CTCL, with clinical activity observed across the range of CD25 expression. The common AEs were manageable, but increase in ALT / AST, hypoalbuminemia, and capillary leak syndrome should be carefully managed during the treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidetsugu Kawai
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Ando
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan
| | - Dai Maruyama
- Department of Hematology, National Cancer Center Hospital, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuhito Yamamoto
- Department of Hematology and Cell Therapy, Aichi Cancer Center, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Eiji Kiyohara
- Department of Dermatology, Osaka University Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yasuhito Terui
- Department of Hematology Oncology, The Cancer Institute Hospital of JFCR, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Noriko Fukuhara
- Department of Hematology and Rheumatology, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan
| | - Tomomitsu Miyagaki
- Department of Dermatology, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Tokura
- Department of Dermatology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | | | | | - Junya Kuroda
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Jiro Fujita
- Department of Dermatology, Osaka University Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Toshiki Uchida
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Japanese Red Cross Nagoya Daini Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Takayuki Ishikawa
- Department of Hematology, Kobe City Medical Center General Hospital, Kobe, Japan
| | - Kentaro Yonekura
- Department of Dermatology, Imamura General Hospital, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Koji Kato
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | | | | | | | - Kensei Tobinai
- Department of Hematology, National Cancer Center Hospital, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
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47
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Peripheral Blood from Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients Shows Decreased T reg CD25 Expression and Reduced Frequency of Effector T reg Subpopulation. Cells 2021; 10:cells10040801. [PMID: 33916798 PMCID: PMC8067140 DOI: 10.3390/cells10040801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a common autoimmune disease characterized by immune cell infiltration of the synovium, leading to the loss of cartilage, bone, and joint function. Although regulatory T (Treg) cells are thought to modulate the initiation and progression of RA, a consensus has yet to be reached regarding the function and composition of Treg cells in RA patients. To address these discrepancies, we analyzed not only the total Treg frequency but also that of Treg subpopulations in the peripheral blood of RA patients and healthy controls by flow cytometry. We found that the total Treg population was not significantly different between RA and control subjects. However, the effector Treg cell subgroup, defined as CD45RA−CD25hi, showed markedly decreased frequency in RA patients. In addition, the total Treg population from RA patients showed a significant decline in the expression of CD25. Both the naïve and effector Treg subgroups also showed marked reduction of CD25 expression in RA patients compared to controls. These data suggest that the decreased frequency of effector Treg cells and overall reduction of CD25 expression in Treg cells in the peripheral blood may be evidence of altered Treg homeostasis associated with RA pathogenesis.
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48
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Lopes JE, Fisher JL, Flick HL, Wang C, Sun L, Ernstoff MS, Alvarez JC, Losey HC. ALKS 4230: a novel engineered IL-2 fusion protein with an improved cellular selectivity profile for cancer immunotherapy. J Immunother Cancer 2021; 8:jitc-2020-000673. [PMID: 32317293 PMCID: PMC7204809 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2020-000673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interleukin-2 (IL-2) plays a pivotal role in immune homeostasis due to its ability to stimulate numerous lymphocyte subsets including natural killer (NK) cells, effector CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, and regulatory T cells (Tregs). Low concentrations of IL-2 induce signaling through the high-affinity IL-2 receptor (IL-2R) comprised of IL-2Rα, IL-2Rβ, and common γ chain (γc), preferentially expressed on Tregs. Higher concentrations of IL-2 are necessary to induce signaling through the intermediate-affinity IL-2R, composed of IL-2Rβ and γc, expressed on memory CD8+ T cells and NK cells. Recombinant human IL-2 (rhIL-2) is approved for treatment of metastatic melanoma and renal cell carcinoma (RCC), but adverse events including capillary leak syndrome, potentially mediated through interaction with the high-affinity IL-2R, limit its therapeutic use. Furthermore, antitumor efficacy of IL-2 may also be limited by preferential expansion of immunosuppressive Tregs. ALKS 4230 is an engineered fusion protein comprised of a circularly-permuted IL-2 with the extracellular domain of IL-2Rα, designed to selectively activate effector lymphocytes bearing the intermediate-affinity IL-2R. RESULTS ALKS 4230 was equipotent to rhIL-2 in activating human cells bearing the intermediate-affinity IL-2R, and less potent than rhIL-2 on cells bearing the high-affinity IL-2R. As observed in vitro with primary human cells from healthy donors and advanced cancer patients, ALKS 4230 induced greater activation and expansion of NK cells with reduced expansion of Tregs relative to rhIL-2. Similarly, in mice, ALKS 4230 treatment stimulated greater expansion of NK cells and memory-phenotype CD8+ T cells at doses that did not expand or activate Tregs. ALKS 4230 treatment induced significantly lower levels of proinflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin-6, and interferon gamma relative to rhIL-2. Furthermore, ALKS 4230 exhibited superior antitumor efficacy in the mouse B16F10 lung tumor model, where ALKS 4230 could be administered via multiple routes of administration and dosing schedules while achieving equivalent antitumor efficacy. CONCLUSIONS ALKS 4230 exhibited enhanced pharmacokinetic and selective pharmacodynamic properties resulting in both improved antitumor efficacy and lower indices of toxicity relative to rhIL-2 in mice. These data highlight the potential of ALKS 4230 as a novel cancer immunotherapy, and as such, the molecule is being evaluated clinically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jared E Lopes
- Research, Alkermes, Inc, Waltham, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jan L Fisher
- Department of Medicine, The Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth and Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA
| | | | - Chunhua Wang
- Research, Alkermes, Inc, Waltham, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Lei Sun
- Research, Alkermes, Inc, Waltham, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Marc S Ernstoff
- Department of Medicine, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Juan C Alvarez
- Computational and Structural Chemistry, Merck & Co, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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49
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Oner F, Alvarez C, Yaghmoor W, Stephens D, Hasturk H, Firatli E, Kantarci A. Resolvin E1 Regulates Th17 Function and T Cell Activation. Front Immunol 2021; 12:637983. [PMID: 33815391 PMCID: PMC8009993 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.637983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Resolvin E1 (RvE1) is a specialized pro-resolving lipid mediator derived from eicosapentaenoic acid and plays a critical role in resolving inflammation and tissue homeostasis. Th17 cells are a distinct group of T helper (Th) cells with tissue-destructive functions in autoimmune and chronic inflammatory diseases via the secretion of IL-17. Dendritic cell (DC)-mediated antigen presentation regulates the Th17-induced progression of inflammation and tissue destruction. In this study, we hypothesized that the RvE1 would restore homeostatic balance and inflammation by targeting the Th17 function. We designed three experiments to investigate the impact of RvE1 on different phases of Th17 response and the potential role of DCs: First CD4+ T cells were induced by IL-6/TGFβ to measure the effect of RvE1 on Th17 differentiation in an inflammatory milieu. Second, we measured the impact of RvE1 on DC-stimulated Th17 differentiation in a co-culture model. Third, we measured the effect of RvE1 on DC maturation. RvE1 blocked the CD25, CCR6 and IL-17 expression; IL-17, IL-21, IL-10, and IL-2 production, suggesting inhibition of T cell activation, Th17 stimulation and chemoattraction. RvE1 also suppressed the activation of DCs by limiting their pro-inflammatory cytokine production. Our findings collectively demonstrated that the RvE1 targeted the Th17 activation and the DC function as a potential mechanism for inflammatory resolution and acquired immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma Oner
- The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA, United States.,Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Carla Alvarez
- The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA, United States.,Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Wael Yaghmoor
- The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA, United States.,Faculty of Dentistry, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | - Erhan Firatli
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Alpdogan Kantarci
- The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA, United States.,School of Dental Medicine, Harvard University, Boston, MA, United States
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50
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Usefulness of the New Hematological Parameter: Reactive Lymphocytes RE-LYMP with Flow Cytometry Markers of Inflammation in COVID-19. Cells 2021; 10:cells10010082. [PMID: 33419040 PMCID: PMC7825305 DOI: 10.3390/cells10010082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 01/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Identification of patients with activation of the immune system which indicates the presence of infection is essential, especially in the times of the global coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the reactive lymphocytes (RE-LYMP) parameter in COVID-19 and to correlate it with activation lymphocytes markers by flow cytometry. The study group consisted of 40 patients: with COVID-19 infection (n = 20) and with others virus infections without COVID-19 (COVID-19(−) virus (n = 20)) and 20 healthy donors (HC). Blood count and flow cytometry were performed. The COVID-19(+) group had significantly lower RE-LYMP parameter than the COVID-19(−) virus group (5.45 vs. 11.05, p < 0.05). We observed higher proportion of plasmablasts in the COVID-19(+) and COVID-19(−) virus groups than HC (8.8 vs. 11.1 vs. 2.7, p < 0.05). In the COVID-19(+) there was a lower proportion of CD4+ CD38+ cells than in the other groups (significant differences between COVID-19(+) and COVID-19(−) virus groups). RE-LYMP correlated with activated T lymphocytes CD38+ and HLA-DR+ in the COVID-19(−) virus group, however in the COVID-19(+) group correlations with T lymphocytes CD25+ and CD45RO+ were observed. In summary the analysis of the RE-LYMP together with flow cytometric activation markers can be helpful in identifying and distinguishing patients with COVID-19(+) from other viruses and HC.
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