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Reeder NK, Reneker JC, Beech BM, Bruce MA, Heitman E, Norris KC, Talegawkar SA, Thorpe RJ. Adherence to the healthy eating index-2010 and alternative healthy eating index-2010 in relation to metabolic syndrome among African Americans in the Jackson heart study. Public Health Nutr 2024; 27:e74. [PMID: 38361460 PMCID: PMC10966834 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980024000016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The primary objective of this study was to determine whether Healthy Eating Index (HEI) and Alternative Healthy Eating Index (AHEI) scores were associated with incident metabolic syndrome. DESIGN This study is a secondary analysis of data from the Jackson Heart Study. HEI and AHEI scores were divided into quintiles and Cox proportional hazards regression models were analysed for 1864 African American adults free from metabolic syndrome at Exam 1 to examine the incidence of metabolic syndrome by quintile of dietary quality score. SETTING Hinds, Madison and Rankin counties, Mississippi, USA. PARTICIPANTS African American adults, ages 21-94 years, 60·9 % female. RESULTS Over a mean follow-up time of 6·7 years, we observed 932 incident cases of metabolic syndrome. After adjusting for multiple covariates, a higher HEI score at Exam 1 was not associated with the risk of incident metabolic syndrome, except when looking at the trend analysis for the subgroup of adults with two metabolic syndrome components at Exam 1 (P-trend = 0·03). A higher AHEI score at Exam 1 was associated with the risk of incident metabolic syndrome (hazard ratio for those in the highest quintile compared to the lowest: 0·80 (95 % CI: 0·65, 0·99), P-trend = 0·03). CONCLUSION These findings suggest that a dietary pattern that scores higher on the AHEI may help reduce the risk of metabolic syndrome, even for adults who already have two of the minimum of three components required for a diagnosis of metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole K Reeder
- Department of Food Science, Nutrition, and Health Promotion, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, USA
| | - Jennifer C Reneker
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Bettina M Beech
- UH Population Health, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Marino A Bruce
- UH Population Health, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, University of Houston, Tilman J. Fertitta Family College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Elizabeth Heitman
- Program in Ethics in Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Keith C Norris
- Department of Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine and Health Services Research, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sameera A Talegawkar
- Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Roland J Thorpe
- Hopkins Center for Health Disparities Solutions, Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, 624 N. Broadway, Ste 708, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Miller M, Bhatt DL, Brinton EA, Jacobson TA, Steg PG, Pineda AL, Ketchum SB, Doyle RT, Tardif JC, Ballantyne CM. Effectiveness of icosapent ethyl on first and total cardiovascular events in patients with metabolic syndrome, but without diabetes: REDUCE-IT MetSyn. EUROPEAN HEART JOURNAL OPEN 2023; 3:oead114. [PMID: 38035037 PMCID: PMC10684296 DOI: 10.1093/ehjopen/oead114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Aims Metabolic syndrome (MetSyn) is associated with high risk of cardiovascular (CV) events, irrespective of statin therapy. In the overall REDUCE-IT study of statin-treated patients, icosapent ethyl (IPE) reduced the risk of the primary composite endpoint (CV death, non-fatal myocardial infarction, non-fatal stroke, coronary revascularization, or unstable angina requiring hospitalization) and the key secondary composite endpoint (CV death, non-fatal myocardial infarction, or non-fatal stroke). Methods and results REDUCE-IT was an international, double-blind trial that randomized 8179 high CV risk statin-treated patients with controlled LDL cholesterol and elevated triglycerides, to IPE 4 g/day or placebo. The current study evaluated the pre-specified patient subgroup with a history of MetSyn, but without diabetes at baseline. Among patients with MetSyn but without diabetes at baseline (n = 2866), the majority (99.8%) of this subgroup was secondary prevention patients. Icosapent ethyl use was associated with a 29% relative risk reduction for the first occurrence of the primary composite endpoint [hazard ratio: 0.71; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.59-0.84; P < 0.0001, absolute risk reduction (ARR) = 5.9%; number needed to treat = 17] and a 41% reduction in total (first plus subsequent) events [rate ratio: 0.59; (95% CI: 0.48-0.72); P < 0.0001] compared with placebo. The risk for the key secondary composite endpoint was reduced by 20% (P = 0.05) and a 27% reduction in fatal/non-fatal MI (P = 0.03), 47% reduction in urgent/emergent revascularization (P < 0.0001), and 58% reduction in hospitalization for unstable angina (P < 0.0001). Non-statistically significant reductions were observed in cardiac arrest (44%) and sudden cardiac death (34%). Conclusion In statin-treated patients with a history of MetSyn, IPE significantly reduced the risk of first and total CV events in REDUCE-IT. The large relative and ARRs observed supports IPE as a potential therapeutic consideration for patients with MetSyn at high CV risk. Registration REDUCE-IT ClinicalTrials.gov number: NCT01492361.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Miller
- Department of Medicine, Corporal Michael J. Crescenz Veterans Affairs Medical Center and Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, 3900 Woodland Avenue, Philadelphia, PA 19104-4551, USA
| | - Deepak L Bhatt
- Mount Sinai Fuster Heart Hospital, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Terry A Jacobson
- Lipid Clinic and Cardiovascular Risk Reduction Program, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Philippe Gabriel Steg
- Université de Paris, FACT (French Alliance for Cardiovascular Trials), Assistance Publique–Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Bichat, INSERM Unité 1148, Paris, France
| | | | | | | | | | - Christie M Ballantyne
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Heart Institute, Houston, TX, USA
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Chukwurah MI, Miller M. Fibrates, Hypertriglyceridemia, and CVD Risk: Where Do We Stand After the PROMINENT Trial for Triglyceride Lowering? Curr Cardiol Rep 2023; 25:987-992. [PMID: 37505399 DOI: 10.1007/s11886-023-01926-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To evaluate recent clinical trials focusing on patients with hypertriglyceridemia. RECENT FINDINGS Randomized clinical trials have recently been undertaken in hypertriglyceridemic patients to determine whether effective reductions in triglycerides would improve cardiovascular disease (CVD) outcomes. However, the fibric acid derivative, pemafibrate, failed to reduce cardiovascular events despite significant reductions (~ 25-35%) in triglyceride levels and despite background statin therapy. In contrast, icosapent ethyl, a highly purified omega-3 fatty acid was previously shown to reduce CVD events in hypertriglyceridemic patients, despite more modest reductions (~ 20%) in triglyceride levels in statin treated patients. The divergent results obtained in patients with hypertriglyceridemia (HTG), a group at particularly high risk of CVD, especially when coupled with other risk factors, indicates that triglyceride lowering in of itself is insufficient to offset CVD risk. Rather, the effectiveness of therapy in this high-risk cohort may be the result of the suppression of the inherent atherogenic properties associated with HTG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marius I Chukwurah
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Michael Miller
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Corporal Michael J Crescenz Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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Du Y, Oh C, No J. Effects of the ketogenic diet on components of the metabolic syndrome: A systematic review and meta-analysis. NUTR CLIN METAB 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nupar.2022.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Esmaili H, Tajik B, Tuomainen TP, Kurl S, Salonen JT, Virtanen JK. Associations of the serum n-6 PUFA with exercise cardiac power in men. Br J Nutr 2022; 129:1-10. [PMID: 35929337 PMCID: PMC10024979 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114522002501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 07/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Low intake or tissue concentrations of the n-6 PUFA, especially to the major n-6 PUFA linoleic acid (LA), and low exercise cardiac power (ECP) are both associated with CVD risk. However, associations of the n-6 PUFA with ECP are unknown. The aim of the present study was to explore cross-sectional associations of the serum total n-6 PUFA, LA, arachidonic acid (AA), γ-linolenic acid (GLA) and dihomo-γ-linolenic acid (DGLA) concentrations with ECP and its components. In total, 1685 men aged 42-60 years from the Kuopio Ischaemic Heart Disease Risk Factor Study and free of CVD were included. ANCOVA was used to examine the mean values of ECP (maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max)/maximal systolic blood pressure (SBP)) and its components in quartiles of the serum total and individual n-6 PUFA concentrations. After multivariable adjustments, higher serum total n-6 PUFA concentration was associated with higher ECP and VO2max (for ECP, the extreme-quartile difference was 0·77 ml/mmHg (95 % CI 0·38, 1·16, Pfor trend across quartiles < 0·001) and for VO2max 157 ml/min (95 % CI 85, 230, Pfor trend < 0·001), but not with maximal SBP. Similar associations were observed with serum LA concentration. Higher serum AA concentration was associated with higher ECP but not with VO2max or maximal SBP. The minor serum n-6 PUFA GLA and DGLA were associated with higher maximal SBP during exercise test and DGLA also with higher VO2max but neither with ECP. In conclusion, especially LA concentration was associated with higher ECP. This may provide one mechanism for the cardioprotective properties of, especially, LA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haleh Esmaili
- University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio Campus, Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Behnam Tajik
- University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio Campus, Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Tomi-Pekka Tuomainen
- University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio Campus, Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Sudhir Kurl
- University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio Campus, Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jukka T. Salonen
- University of Helsinki, the Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health, Helsinki, Finland
- Metabolic Analytical Services Oy, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jyrki K. Virtanen
- University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio Campus, Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, Kuopio, Finland
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Nicol K, Mansoorian B, Latosinska A, Koutroulaki A, Mullen B, Combet E. No evidence of differential impact of sunflower and rapeseed oil on biomarkers of coronary artery disease or chronic kidney disease in healthy adults with overweight and obesity: result from a randomised control trial. Eur J Nutr 2022; 61:3119-3133. [PMID: 35381848 PMCID: PMC9363295 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-022-02810-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Purpose The perceived benefits and risks associated with seed oil intake remain controversial, with a limited number of studies investigating the impact of intake on a range of compounds used as cardiometabolic markers. This study aimed to explore the proteomic and cardiometabolic effects of commonly consumed seed oils in the UK, with different fatty acid profiles. Methods In a parallel randomised control design, healthy adults (n = 84), aged 25–72 with overweight or obesity were randomised to one of three groups: control (habitual diet, CON); 20 mL rapeseed oil per day (RO), or 20 mL sunflower oil per day (SO). Blood, spot urine and anthropometric measures were obtained at 0, 6 and 12 weeks. Proteomic biomarkers analysis was conducted for coronary arterial disease (CAD) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) using capillary electrophoresis coupled to mass spectrometry (CE-MS). Blood lipids, fasting blood glucose, glycative/oxidative stress and inflammatory markers were also analysed. Results No differences in change between time points were observed between groups for CAD or CKD peptide fingerprint scores. No change was detected within groups for CAD or CKD scores. No detectable differences were observed between groups at week 6 or 12 for the secondary outcomes, except median 8-isoprostane, ~ 50% higher in the SO group after 12-weeks compared to RO and CON groups (p = 0.03). Conclusion The replacement of habitual fat with either RO or SO for 12 weeks does not lead to an improvement or worsening in cardiovascular health markers in people with overweight or obesity. Trial registration Trial registration clinicaltrials.gov NCT04867629, retrospectively registered 30/04/2021. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00394-022-02810-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie Nicol
- Human Nutrition, School of Medicine Dentistry and Nursing, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, New Lister Building, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Alexandra Parade, Glasgow, G31 2ER, UK
| | - Bahareh Mansoorian
- Human Nutrition, School of Medicine Dentistry and Nursing, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, New Lister Building, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Alexandra Parade, Glasgow, G31 2ER, UK
| | | | - Aimilia Koutroulaki
- Human Nutrition, School of Medicine Dentistry and Nursing, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, New Lister Building, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Alexandra Parade, Glasgow, G31 2ER, UK
| | - Bill Mullen
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Emilie Combet
- Human Nutrition, School of Medicine Dentistry and Nursing, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, New Lister Building, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Alexandra Parade, Glasgow, G31 2ER, UK.
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Nguyen HD, Oh H, Kim MS. Higher intakes of nutrients are linked with a lower risk of cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes mellitus, arthritis, and depression among Korean adults. Nutr Res 2022; 100:19-32. [PMID: 35114428 PMCID: PMC8802568 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2021.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Persons with underlying noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) are more likely to acquire severe coronavirus disease 2019 disease and to die from coronavirus disease 2019. An urgent need for potential therapy to prevent and control NCDs is critical. We hypothesized that higher intakes of multiple individual nutrients, fruits, or vegetables would be linked with a low risk of NCDs in the Korean population. Thus, we aim to explore the association between NCDs, including cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), arthritis, depression, and dietary factors. A total of 56,462 adults aged 18 years (2009-2019) were included. Dietary factors, including intakes of multiple individual nutrients, fruits, and vegetables, were assessed. Multivariable-adjusted logistic regression models were used to explore the associations between dietary factors and NCDs. Interactions were found between intakes of multiple individual nutrients and sex for T2DM, hypertension, stroke, myocardial infarction, arthritis, and osteoarthritis. Only in women was a 2-fold increase in daily multiple individual nutrient intake (vitamins A, B1, B2, B3, C; potassium, protein; phosphorus; calcium; iron; monounsaturated fatty acid and polyunsaturated fatty acid; n-3 fatty acid and n-6 fatty acid; and water) associated with a lower prevalence of T2DM, hypertension, stroke, myocardial infarction, arthritis, and osteoarthritis. In both women and men, high fruit or vegetable consumption was linked with a lower risk of T2DM, hypertension, dyslipidemia, osteoarthritis, and depression than low consumption. Our findings found higher intakes of fruits, vegetables, and multiple individual nutrients are linked with a lower risk of NCDs in the Korean adult population. Further work is needed to identify whether interactions between intake of multiple individual nutrients, vegetables, and fruits affect the presence of NCDs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Min-Sun Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sunchon National University, Sunchon, Jeonnam, Republic of Korea.
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Grosso G, Laudisio D, Frias-Toral E, Barrea L, Muscogiuri G, Savastano S, Colao A. Anti-Inflammatory Nutrients and Obesity-Associated Metabolic-Inflammation: State of the Art and Future Direction. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14061137. [PMID: 35334794 PMCID: PMC8954840 DOI: 10.3390/nu14061137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Growing evidence supports the hypothesis that dietary factors may play a role in systemic low-grade chronic inflammation. Summary evidence from randomized controlled trials has shown substantial effects on biomarkers of inflammation following the adoption of plant-based diets (including, but not limited to, the Mediterranean diet), while consistent findings have been reported for higher intakes of whole grains, fruits, and vegetables and positive trends observed for the consumption of legumes, pulses, nuts, and olive oil. Among animal food groups, dairy products have been shown to have the best benefits on biomarkers of inflammation, while red meat and egg have been shown to have neutral effects. The present review provides an overview of the mechanisms underlying the relation between dietary factors and immune system, with a focus on specific macronutrient and non-nutrient phytochemicals (polyphenols) and low-grade inflammation. Substantial differences within each macronutrient group may explain the conflicting results obtained regarding foods high in saturated fats and carbohydrates, underlying the role of specific subtypes of molecules (i.e., short-chain fatty acids or fiber vs. long chain fatty acids or free added sugars) when exploring the relation between diet and inflammation, as well as the importance of the food matrix and the commixture of foods in the context of whole dietary patterns. Dietary polyphenols and oligopeptides have been hypothesized to exert several functions, including the regulation of the inflammatory response and effects on the immune system. Overall, evidence suggests that dietary factors may affect the immune system regardless of obesity-related inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Grosso
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy;
| | - Daniela Laudisio
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Sezione di Endocrinologia, Università “Federico II” di Napoli, Via Sergio Pansini, 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (D.L.); (S.S.); (A.C.)
- Centro Italiano per la cura e il Benessere del Paziente con Obesità (C.I.B.O), Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Sezione di Endocrinologia, Università “Federico II” di Napoli, Via Sergio Pansini, 5, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Evelyn Frias-Toral
- School of Medicine, Santiago de Guayaquil Catholic University, Av. Pdte. Carlos Julio Arosemena Tola, Guayaquil 090615, Ecuador;
| | - Luigi Barrea
- Centro Italiano per la cura e il Benessere del Paziente con Obesità (C.I.B.O), Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Sezione di Endocrinologia, Università “Federico II” di Napoli, Via Sergio Pansini, 5, 80131 Naples, Italy;
- Dipartimento di Scienze Umanistiche, Università Telematica Pegaso, 80132 Napoli, Italy
| | - Giovanna Muscogiuri
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Sezione di Endocrinologia, Università “Federico II” di Napoli, Via Sergio Pansini, 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (D.L.); (S.S.); (A.C.)
- Centro Italiano per la cura e il Benessere del Paziente con Obesità (C.I.B.O), Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Sezione di Endocrinologia, Università “Federico II” di Napoli, Via Sergio Pansini, 5, 80131 Naples, Italy;
- Cattedra Unesco “Educazione Alla Salute e Allo Sviluppo Sostenibile”, Federico II University, 80131 Naples, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-081-746-3779
| | - Silvia Savastano
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Sezione di Endocrinologia, Università “Federico II” di Napoli, Via Sergio Pansini, 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (D.L.); (S.S.); (A.C.)
- Centro Italiano per la cura e il Benessere del Paziente con Obesità (C.I.B.O), Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Sezione di Endocrinologia, Università “Federico II” di Napoli, Via Sergio Pansini, 5, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Annamaria Colao
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Sezione di Endocrinologia, Università “Federico II” di Napoli, Via Sergio Pansini, 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (D.L.); (S.S.); (A.C.)
- Centro Italiano per la cura e il Benessere del Paziente con Obesità (C.I.B.O), Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Sezione di Endocrinologia, Università “Federico II” di Napoli, Via Sergio Pansini, 5, 80131 Naples, Italy;
- Cattedra Unesco “Educazione Alla Salute e Allo Sviluppo Sostenibile”, Federico II University, 80131 Naples, Italy
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Kosmalski M, Pękala-Wojciechowska A, Sut A, Pietras T, Luzak B. Dietary Intake of Polyphenols or Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Its Relationship with Metabolic and Inflammatory State in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14051083. [PMID: 35268058 PMCID: PMC8912460 DOI: 10.3390/nu14051083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The aim of the study was to evaluate the relationship between polyphenol or polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) consumption and the selected metabolic and inflammatory markers in type 2 diabetes (T2DM) patients. Methods: The study enrolled 129 diabetics (49 men, mean age 64.1 ± 9.8 years) with different amounts of polyphenol and PUFAs consumption. Results: A significant effect of polyphenol or PUFAs omega-3 consumption on fasting glucose concentration (FG) or glycated haemoglobin fraction (HbA1c) was reported. A negative association was observed between FG and total polyphenol, flavonoid, flavan-3-ol and stilbene intake. In the group with high flavonoid intake, the FG was significantly lower compared to the group characterised by low flavonoid intake. Polyphenols, except stilbenes, did not modulate HbA1c. Additionally, higher consumption of PUFAs omega-3 significantly decreased HbA1c, and the intake of eicosapentaenoic (EPA) and docosahexaenoic (DHA) acids negatively and significantly correlated with FG and HbA1c. Further analysis confirmed a significant association between EPA + DHA intake and HbA1c, with significant interactions with age and gender or with body mass index and waist-to-hip ratio. The dietary intake of polyphenols or PUFAs was independent of familial diabetes or diabetic diet application. Conclusions: Our study indicates a positive effect of high consumption of flavonoids, omega-3 PUFAs and stilbenes on the markers of carbohydrate metabolism balance and the absence of such an effect on other cardiometabolic markers and inflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Kosmalski
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Lodz, Kopcińskiego 22, 90-153 Łódź, Poland; (A.P.-W.); (T.P.)
- Correspondence: (M.K.); (B.L.); Tel.: +48-728-358-504 (M.K.)
| | - Anna Pękala-Wojciechowska
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Lodz, Kopcińskiego 22, 90-153 Łódź, Poland; (A.P.-W.); (T.P.)
| | - Agnieszka Sut
- Department of Haemostasis and Haemostatic Disorders, Medical University of Lodz, Mazowiecka 6/8, 92-235 Łódź, Poland;
| | - Tadeusz Pietras
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Lodz, Kopcińskiego 22, 90-153 Łódź, Poland; (A.P.-W.); (T.P.)
| | - Bogusława Luzak
- Department of Haemostasis and Haemostatic Disorders, Medical University of Lodz, Mazowiecka 6/8, 92-235 Łódź, Poland;
- Correspondence: (M.K.); (B.L.); Tel.: +48-728-358-504 (M.K.)
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Nguyen HD, Oh H, Kim MS. Higher intakes of fruits, vegetables, and multiple individual nutrients is associated with a lower risk of metabolic syndrome among adults with comorbidities. Nutr Res 2022; 99:1-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2021.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Ajabnoor SM, Thorpe G, Abdelhamid A, Hooper L. Long-term effects of increasing omega-3, omega-6 and total polyunsaturated fats on inflammatory bowel disease and markers of inflammation: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Eur J Nutr 2021; 60:2293-2316. [PMID: 33084958 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-020-02413-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Effects of long-chain omega-3 (LCn3) and omega-6 fatty acids on prevention and treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD, including Crohn's Disease, CD and ulcerative colitis, UC), and inflammation are unclear. We systematically reviewed long-term effects of omega-3, omega-6 and total polyunsaturated fats (PUFA) on IBD diagnosis, relapse, severity, pharmacotherapy, quality of life and key inflammatory markers. METHODS We searched Medline, Embase, Cochrane CENTRAL, and trials registries, including RCTs in adults with or without IBD comparing higher with lower omega-3, omega-6 and/or total PUFA intake for ≥ 24 weeks that assessed IBD-specific outcomes or inflammatory biomarkers. RESULTS We included 83 RCTs (41,751 participants), of which 13 recruited participants with IBD. Increasing LCn3 may reduce risk of IBD relapse (RR 0.85, 95% CI 0.72-1.01) and IBD worsening (RR 0.85, 95% CI 0.71-1.03), and reduce erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR, SMD - 0.23, 95% CI - 0.44 to - 0.01), but may increase IBD diagnosis risk (RR 1.10, 95% CI 0.63-1.92), and faecal calprotectin, a specific inflammatory marker for IBD (MD 16.1 μg/g, 95% CI - 37.6 to 69.8, all low-quality evidence). Outcomes for alpha-linolenic acid, omega-6 and total PUFA were sparse, but suggested little or no effect where data were available. CONCLUSION This is the most comprehensive meta-analysis of RCTs investigating long-term effects of omega-3, omega-6 and total PUFA on IBD and inflammatory markers. Our findings suggest that supplementation with PUFAs has little or no effect on prevention or treatment of IBD and provides little support for modification of long-term inflammatory status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah M Ajabnoor
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK.
- Clinical Nutrition Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80324, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Gabrielle Thorpe
- School of Health Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | | | - Lee Hooper
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
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12
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Wang Q, Liu R, Chang M, Zhang H, Jin Q, Wang X. Dietary oleic acid supplementation and blood inflammatory markers: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2020; 62:2508-2525. [PMID: 33305589 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1854673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to analyze data from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) assessing the effects of oleic acid (OA) supplementation on blood inflammatory markers in adults. PubMed, EMBASE and Cochrane Library databases were systematically searched from 1950 to 2019, with adults and a minimum intervention duration of 4 weeks. The effect size was estimated, adopting standardized mean difference (SMD) and 95% confidence interval (CI). Of the 719 identified studies, thirty-one RCTs involving 1634 subjects were eligible. The results of this study revealed that increasing OA supplementation significantly reduced C-reactive protein (CRP) (SMD: -0.11, 95% CI: -0.21, -0.01, P = 0.038). However, dietary OA consumption did not significantly affect tumor necrosis factor (TNF) (SMD: -0.05, 95% CI: -0.19, 0.10, P = 0.534), interleukin 6 (IL-6) (SMD: 0.01, 95% CI: -0.10, 0.13, P = 0.849), fibrinogen (SMD: 0.08, 95% CI: -0.16, 0.31, P = 0.520), plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 (PAI-1) activity (SMD: -0.11, 95% CI: -0.34, 0.12, P = 0.355), soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1) (SMD: -0.06, 95% CI: -0.26, 0.13, P = 0.595) or soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (sVCAM-1) (SMD: -0.04, 95% CI: -0.27, 0.18, P = 0.701). Overall, the meta-analysis demonstrated that dietary OA supplementation significantly reduced CRP, yet did not affect other inflammatory markers including TNF, IL-6, fibrinogen, PAI-1 activity, sICAM-1or sVCAM-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Ruijie Liu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Ming Chang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Qingzhe Jin
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Xingguo Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
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13
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Miller M, Ryan A, Reed RM, Goggins C, Sorkin J, Goldberg AP. Effect of Icosapent Ethyl on Gynoid Fat and Bone Mineral Health in the Metabolic Syndrome: A Preliminary Report. Clin Ther 2020; 42:2226-2230. [PMID: 32967775 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinthera.2020.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a systemic disorder associated with reduced atheroprotective gynoid fat and bone mineral content (BMC). The goal of this pilot study was to assess whether administration of icosapent ethyl (IPE), a purified formulation of eicosapentaenoic acid, would maintain gynoid fat and BMC over a 9-month treatment period. METHODS Patients with MetS aged ≥40 years were randomly assigned to receive 4 g daily of IPE (2 g BID with food) or placebo (paraffin oil 2 g BID with food) for 9 months. Data were collected at baseline and 9 months later. The data included anthropometric measures, biochemical analysis, and whole body fat mass, including gynoid fat. Bone mineral density and BMC were measured by using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. A two-tailed P value ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant. FINDINGS The study sample consisted of 13 patients with MetS (mean age, 61.6 years; age range, 44-77 years; 77% female and 23% male). Compared with the IPE group, the placebo group experienced statistically significant mean reductions in percent gynoid fat (pre/post, 46.8%-43.5%; P = 0.02), BMC (pre/post, 2461 g-2423 g; P = 0.02), and bone mineral density (pre/post, 1.24 g/cm2 to 1.22 g/cm2; P = 0.05) over the 9-month study period. IMPLICATIONS The results of this pilot study raise the possibility that IPE supplementation may preserve gynoid fat distribution and bone mineral health in patients with MetS. Larger, randomized longitudinal studies are necessary to determine the potential long-term metabolic benefits of IPE treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Miller
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Alice Ryan
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Baltimore VA Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Robert M Reed
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Claire Goggins
- Department of Medicine, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA
| | - John Sorkin
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Baltimore VA Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Andrew P Goldberg
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Baltimore VA Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
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14
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Carbohydrate Intake in Early Childhood and Body Composition and Metabolic Health: Results from the Generation R Study. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12071940. [PMID: 32629760 PMCID: PMC7399886 DOI: 10.3390/nu12071940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
High sugar intake in childhood has been linked to obesity. However, the role of macronutrient substitutions and associations with metabolic health remain unclear. We examined associations of carbohydrate intake and its subtypes with body composition and metabolic health among 3573 children participating in a population-based cohort in the Netherlands. Intake of total carbohydrate, monosaccharides and disaccharides, and polysaccharides at age 1 year was assessed with a food-frequency questionnaire. We repeatedly measured children’s height and weight to calculate BMI between their ages of 1 and 10 years. At ages 6 and 10 years, fat and fat-free mass were measured with dual-energy X-ray-absorptiometry and blood concentrations of triglycerides, cholesterol, and insulin were obtained. For all outcomes, we calculated age and sexspecific SD-scores. In multivariable-adjusted linear mixed models, we found no associations of intake of carbohydrates or its subtypes with children’s BMI or body composition. A higher intake of monosaccharides and disaccharides was associated with higher triglyceride concentrations (0.02 SDS per 10 g/day, 95% CI: 0.01, 0.04). Higher monosaccharide and disaccharide intake was also associated with lower HDL-cholesterol (−0.03 SDS, 95% CI: −0.04; −0.01), especially when it replaced polysaccharides. Overall, our findings suggest associations of higher monosaccharide and disaccharide intake in early childhood with higher triglyceride and lower HDL-cholesterol concentrations, but do not support associations with body composition.
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15
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Moszak M, Zawada A, Juchacz A, Grzymisławski M, Bogdański P. Comparison of the effect of rapeseed oil or amaranth seed oil supplementation on weight loss, body composition, and changes in the metabolic profile of obese patients following 3-week body mass reduction program: a randomized clinical trial. Lipids Health Dis 2020; 19:143. [PMID: 32563253 PMCID: PMC7305596 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-020-01330-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Amaranth seed oil (ASO) and rapeseed oil (RSO) are functional foods that display antioxidant and hepatoprotective properties. These oils are also known to lower glucose and cholesterol levels. The current study compared the effects exerted by RSO and ASO on weight loss and metabolic parameters during a 3-week body mass reduction program. METHODS Eighty-one obese subjects (BMI > 30 kg/m2), aged 25-70 years, were enrolled in a 3-week body mass reduction program based on a calorie-restricted diet and physical activity. Participants were randomly categorized into an AO group (administered 20 mL/d of ASO), a RO group (administered 20 mL/d of RSO), and a C group (control; untreated). Anthropometric and metabolic parameters were measured at baseline and endpoint. RESULTS Significant decreases in weight, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), hip circumference (HC), fat mass (FM), lean body mass (LBM), visceral fat mass (VFM), and total body water (TBW%) were observed in all groups (P < 0.05). No significant improvements were observed in the clinical parameters of group C. Fasting insulin (Δ - 5.9, and Δ - 5.7) and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (Δ - 1.1 and Δ - 0.5) were decreased in both RO and AO groups, respectively. Fasting glucose (Δ -8.5; P = 0.034), total cholesterol (Δ -14.6; P = 0.032), non-HDL cholesterol (Δ 15.9; P = 0.010), TG/HDL ratio (Δ -0.6; P = 0.032), LDL cholesterol (Δ -12.3; P = 0.042), and triglycerides (Δ -6.5; P = 0.000) were significantly improved in the AO group, compared to the RO group. CONCLUSIONS The 3-week body mass reduction intervention caused a significant reduction in the weight, BMI, WC, HC, FM, and VFM of all groups. Except for HOMA-IR, there were no statistical differences between the clinical parameters of all groups. However, a trend toward improved insulin levels and HDL% was noticeable in AO and RO. Therapies involving edible oils with high nutritional value, such as RSO and ASO, show potential for improving metabolic measurements during body mass reduction programs. Thus, obese patients undertaking weight reduction programs may benefit from RSO and ASO supplementation. TRIAL REGISTRATION retrospectively registered, DRKS00017708.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Moszak
- Department of Obesity and Metabolic Disorders Treatment and Clinical Dietetics, Karol Marcinkowski University of Medical Sciences, ul. Szamarzewskiego 82/84, 60-569 Poznań, Polska Poland
| | - Agnieszka Zawada
- Department of Gastroenterology, Dietetics and Internal Medicine, Karol Marcinkowski University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Aldona Juchacz
- Centre of Pulmonology and Thoracic Surgery, Poznan, Poland
| | - Marian Grzymisławski
- Department of Gastroenterology, Dietetics and Internal Medicine, Karol Marcinkowski University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Paweł Bogdański
- Department of Obesity and Metabolic Disorders Treatment and Clinical Dietetics, Karol Marcinkowski University of Medical Sciences, ul. Szamarzewskiego 82/84, 60-569 Poznań, Polska Poland
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16
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Hansson L, Lind T, Öhlund I, Wiklund U, Rydberg A. Increased abdominal fat mass and high fat consumption in young school children with congenital heart disease: results from a case‐control study. J Hum Nutr Diet 2020; 33:566-573. [DOI: 10.1111/jhn.12739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- L. Hansson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Paediatrics Umeå University Umeå Sweden
| | - T. Lind
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Paediatrics Umeå University Umeå Sweden
| | - I. Öhlund
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Paediatrics Umeå University Umeå Sweden
| | - U. Wiklund
- Department of Radiation Sciences Biomedical Engineering Umeå University Umeå Sweden
| | - A. Rydberg
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Paediatrics Umeå University Umeå Sweden
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17
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Costa e Silva LM, Pereira de Melo ML, Faro Reis FV, Monteiro MC, dos Santos SM, Quadros Gomes BA, Meller da Silva LH. Comparison of the Effects of Brazil Nut Oil and Soybean Oil on the Cardiometabolic Parameters of Patients with Metabolic Syndrome: A Randomized Trial. Nutrients 2019; 12:E46. [PMID: 31877968 PMCID: PMC7019763 DOI: 10.3390/nu12010046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Revised: 12/07/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent evidence suggests that replacing saturated fat with unsaturated fat is beneficial for cardiovascular health. This study compared the effects of Brazil nut oil (BNO) and soybean oil (SO) supplementation for 30 days on anthropometric, blood pressure, biochemical, and oxidative parameters in patients with metabolic syndrome (MS). Thirty-one patients with MS were randomly allocated to receive 30 sachets with 10 mL each of either BNO (n = 15) or SO (n = 16) for daily supplementation. Variables were measured at the beginning of the study and after 30 days of intervention. No change in anthropometric and blood pressure variables were observed (p > 0.05). Total (p = 0.0253) and low-density lipoprotein (p = 0.0437) cholesterol increased in the SO group. High-density lipoprotein cholesterol decreased (p = 0.0087) and triglycerides increased (p = 0.0045) in the BNO group. Malondialdehyde levels decreased in the BNO group (p = 0.0296) and total antioxidant capacity improved in the SO group (p = 0.0110). Although the addition of oils without lifestyle interventions did not affect anthropometric findings or blood pressure and promoted undesirable results in the lipid profile in both groups, daily supplementation of BNO for 30 days decreased lipid peroxidation, contributing to oxidative stress reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lívia Martins Costa e Silva
- LAMEFI—Laboratory of Physical Measures, Postgraduate Program in Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Para, Belém Pará 66075-900, Brazil
| | | | | | - Marta Chagas Monteiro
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Para, Belém Pará 66075-900, Brazil
| | - Savio Monteiro dos Santos
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Para, Belém Pará 66075-900, Brazil
| | - Bruno Alexandre Quadros Gomes
- Neuroscience and Cellular Biology Postgraduation Program, Biological Science Institute, Federal University of Para, Belém Pará 66075-900, Brazil
| | - Luiza Helena Meller da Silva
- LAMEFI—Laboratory of Physical Measures, Postgraduate Program in Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Para, Belém Pará 66075-900, Brazil
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18
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Albert Pérez E, Poveda González M, Martínez-Espinosa RM, Molina Vila MD, Reig García-Galbis M. Practical Guidance for Interventions in Adults with Metabolic Syndrome: Diet and Exercise vs. Changes in Body Composition. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:E3481. [PMID: 31540536 PMCID: PMC6765968 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16183481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Revised: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
(1) Objective: to establish practical guidance for the design of future clinical trials in MS (metabolic syndrome) patients aged 18 and older, based on a systematic review of randomized clinical trials connecting diet, physical exercise and changes in body composition. (2) Method: this systematic review of randomized clinical trials (RCT) is based on the guidelines recommended by PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses). Criteria of selection: ≥18 years of age; patients diagnosed with MS; intervention programs including diet, physical exercise and/or modifications in the style of life as treatment, as well as the magnitude of changes in body composition (BC); randomized clinical trial published between 2004 and 2018. (3) Results: the multidisciplinary interventions describe major changes in BC, and the recurring pattern in these clinical trials is an energy reduction and control in the percentage of intake of macronutrients along with the performance of regularly structured exercise; the most analyzed parameter was waist circumference (88.9% of the trials), followed by body weight (85.2%), BMI (77.8%) and body fat (55.6%). (4) Conclusions: The analysis of the information here reported sheds light for the design of future clinical trials in adults with MS. The best anthropometric parameters and units of measurement to monitor the interventions are related to dietary and physical exercise interventions. A list of practical advice that is easy to implement in daily practice in consultation is here proposed in order to guarantee the best results in changes of body composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrique Albert Pérez
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Alicante, 03690 Alicante, Spain; (E.A.P.); (M.P.G.)
| | - Marina Poveda González
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Alicante, 03690 Alicante, Spain; (E.A.P.); (M.P.G.)
| | - Rosa María Martínez-Espinosa
- Division of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Agrochemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences. University of Alicante, 03690 Alicante, Spain;
| | - Mariola D Molina Vila
- Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Sciences, University of Alicante, 03690 Alicante, Spain;
| | - Manuel Reig García-Galbis
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Atacama, Avda. Copayapu 2862, III Region, Copiapó 1530000, Chile
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19
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Du Y, Taylor CG, Zahradka P. Modulation of endothelial cell responses and vascular function by dietary fatty acids. Nutr Rev 2019; 77:614-629. [PMID: 31228246 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuz026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Healthy and functional endothelial cells play important roles in maintaining vascular homeostasis, whereas endothelial dysfunction initiates and exacerbates vascular disease progression. Interventional studies with dietary fatty acids have shown that these molecules have varying effects on vascular function. It is hypothesized that the actions of dietary fatty acids on vascular function may be mediated in part through endothelial cells. This review summarizes the results of studies that have examined the acute and chronic effects of dietary fatty acids on endothelial function and vascular properties in humans, as well as the potential mechanisms by which n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids regulate endothelial function. Altogether, this article provides an extensive review of how fatty acids contribute to vascular function through their ability to modulate endothelial cells and discusses relationships between dietary fatty acids and endothelial cells in the context of vascular dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youjia Du
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, St Boniface Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Carla G Taylor
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, St Boniface Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Peter Zahradka
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, St Boniface Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
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20
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Julibert A, Bibiloni MDM, Bouzas C, Martínez-González MÁ, Salas-Salvadó J, Corella D, Zomeño MD, Romaguera D, Vioque J, Alonso-Gómez ÁM, Wärnberg J, Martínez JA, Serra-Majem L, Estruch R, Tinahones FJ, Lapetra J, Pintó X, Lopez-Miranda J, García-Molina L, Gaforio JJ, Matía-Martín P, Daimiel L, Martín-Sánchez V, Vidal J, Vázquez C, Ros E, Toledo E, Becerra-Tomás N, Pórtoles O, Pérez-Vega KA, Fiol M, Torres-Collado L, Tojal-Sierra L, Carabaño-Moral R, Abete I, Sanchez-Villegas A, Casas R, Bernal-López MR, Santos-Lozano JM, Galera A, Ugarriza L, Ruiz-Canela M, Babio N, Coltell O, Schröder H, Konieczna J, Orozco-Beltrán D, Sorto-Sánchez C, Eguaras S, Barrubés L, Fitó M, Tur JA. Total and Subtypes of Dietary Fat Intake and Its Association with Components of the Metabolic Syndrome in a Mediterranean Population at High Cardiovascular Risk. Nutrients 2019; 11:E1493. [PMID: 31261967 PMCID: PMC6682917 DOI: 10.3390/nu11071493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 06/23/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The effect of dietary fat intake on the metabolic syndrome (MetS) and in turn on cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains unclear in individuals at high CVD risk. Objective: To assess the association between fat intake and MetS components in an adult Mediterranean population at high CVD risk. Design: Baseline assessment of nutritional adequacy in participants (n = 6560, men and women, 55-75 years old, with overweight/obesity and MetS) in the PREvención con DIeta MEDiterránea (PREDIMED)-Plus randomized trial. Methods: Assessment of fat intake (total fat, monounsatured fatty acids: MUFA, polyunsaturated fatty acids: PUFA, saturated fatty acids: SFA, trans-fatty acids: trans-FA, linoleic acid, α-linolenic acid, and ω-3 FA) using a validated food frequency questionnaire, and diet quality using 17-item Mediterranean dietary questionnaire and fat quality index (FQI). Results: Participants in the highest quintile of total dietary fat intake showed lower intake of energy, carbohydrates, protein and fiber, but higher intake of PUFA, MUFA, SFA, TFA, LA, ALA and ω-3 FA. Differences in MetS components were found according to fat intake. Odds (5th vs. 1st quintile): hyperglycemia: 1.3-1.6 times higher for total fat, MUFA, SFA and ω-3 FA intake; low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c): 1.2 higher for LA; hypertriglyceridemia: 0.7 lower for SFA and ω-3 FA intake. Conclusions: Dietary fats played different role on MetS components of high CVD risk patients. Dietary fat intake was associated with higher risk of hyperglycemia.
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Grants
- PI13/00673, PI13/00492, PI13/00272, PI13/01123, PI13/00462, PI13/00233, PI13/02184, PI13/00728, PI13/01090, PI13/01056, PI14/01722, PI14/00636, PI14/00618, PI14/00696, PI14/01206, PI14/01919, PI14/00853, PI14/01374, PI16/00473, PI16/00662, PI16/01873, PI1 Instituto de Salud Carlos III
- CIBEROBN Instituto de Salud Carlos III
- Advanced Research Grant 2013-2018; 340918 European Research Council
- 2013ACUP00194 Recercaixa
- PI0458/2013; PS0358/2016; PI0137/2018 Consejería de Salud de la Junta de Andalucía
- PROMETEO/2017/017 Generalitat Valenciana
- no ref. SEMERGEN grant
- no ref. FEDER funds
- 201302 ISCIII. International Nut & Dried Fruit Council - FESNAD
- 35/2011 Balearic Islands Gov
- CA16112 European Cooperation in Science and Technology
- 201630.10 Fundació La Marató TV3
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia Julibert
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Research Group on Community Nutrition & Oxidative Stress, University of Balearic Islands, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
- Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Maria Del Mar Bibiloni
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Research Group on Community Nutrition & Oxidative Stress, University of Balearic Islands, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
- Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Cristina Bouzas
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Research Group on Community Nutrition & Oxidative Stress, University of Balearic Islands, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
- Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Miguel Ángel Martínez-González
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, IdISNA, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jordi Salas-Salvadó
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Human Nutrition Unit, Biochemistry and Biotechnology Department, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43201 Reus, Spain
| | - Dolores Corella
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Valencia, 46100 Valencia, Spain
| | - Maria Dolors Zomeño
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Unit of Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition, Institut Hospital del Mar de Investigaciones Médicas Municipal d'Investigació Mèdica (IMIM), 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Dora Romaguera
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Jesús Vioque
- Miguel Hernández University, ISABIAL-FISABIO, 46020 Alicante, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ángel M Alonso-Gómez
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Cardiology, OSI ARABA, University Hospital Araba, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 01009 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Julia Wärnberg
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Nursing, School of Health Sciences, University of Málaga-IBIMA, 29071 Málaga, Spain
| | - J Alfredo Martínez
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences, and Physiology, Center for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Cardiometabolics Nutrition Group, IMDEA Food, CEI UAM + CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Luís Serra-Majem
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Institute for Biomedical Research, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35016 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Ramon Estruch
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Internal Medicine, IDIBAPS, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francisco J Tinahones
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Virgen de la Victoria Hospital, Department of Endocrinology, University of Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain
| | - José Lapetra
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Family Medicine, Research Unit, Distrito Sanitario Atención Primaria Sevilla, 41013 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Xavier Pintó
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Lipids and Vascular Risk Unit, Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitario de Bellvitge, Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907 Barcelona, Spain
| | - José Lopez-Miranda
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba, 14004 Cordoba, Spain
| | - Laura García-Molina
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - José Juan Gaforio
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Jaen, 23071 Jaen, Spain
| | - Pilar Matía-Martín
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Lidia Daimiel
- Nutritional Genomics and Epigenomics Group, IMDEA Food, CEI UAM + CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Vicente Martín-Sánchez
- CIBER Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Institute of Biomedicine (IBIOMED), University of León, 24071 León, Spain
| | - Josep Vidal
- Department of Endocrinology, IDIBAPS, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Clotilde Vázquez
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Endocrinology, Fundación Jiménez-Díaz, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Emili Ros
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Lipid Clinic, Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clínic, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Estefanía Toledo
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, IdISNA, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Nerea Becerra-Tomás
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Human Nutrition Unit, Biochemistry and Biotechnology Department, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43201 Reus, Spain
| | - Olga Pórtoles
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Valencia, 46100 Valencia, Spain
| | - Karla A Pérez-Vega
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Unit of Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition, Institut Hospital del Mar de Investigaciones Médicas Municipal d'Investigació Mèdica (IMIM), 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miquel Fiol
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Laura Torres-Collado
- Miguel Hernández University, ISABIAL-FISABIO, 46020 Alicante, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Lucas Tojal-Sierra
- Research Group on Community Nutrition & Oxidative Stress, University of Balearic Islands, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
- Department of Cardiology, OSI ARABA, University Hospital Araba, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 01009 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Rosa Carabaño-Moral
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Arroyo de la Miel. Distrito de Atención Primaria Costa del Sol, Servicio Andaluz de Salud, 29630 Benalmádena, Spain
| | - Itziar Abete
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences, and Physiology, Center for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Almudena Sanchez-Villegas
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Institute for Biomedical Research, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35016 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Rosa Casas
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Internal Medicine, IDIBAPS, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - María Rosa Bernal-López
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Virgen de la Victoria Hospital, Department of Endocrinology, University of Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain
| | - José Manuel Santos-Lozano
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Family Medicine, Research Unit, Distrito Sanitario Atención Primaria Sevilla, 41013 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Ana Galera
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Lipids and Vascular Risk Unit, Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitario de Bellvitge, Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lucía Ugarriza
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Research Group on Community Nutrition & Oxidative Stress, University of Balearic Islands, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
- Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Miguel Ruiz-Canela
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, IdISNA, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Nancy Babio
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Human Nutrition Unit, Biochemistry and Biotechnology Department, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43201 Reus, Spain
| | - Oscar Coltell
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Computer Languages and Systems. Universitat Jaume I, 12071 Castellon, Spain
| | - Helmut Schröder
- Unit of Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition, Institut Hospital del Mar de Investigaciones Médicas Municipal d'Investigació Mèdica (IMIM), 08003 Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jadwiga Konieczna
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Domingo Orozco-Beltrán
- Miguel Hernández University, ISABIAL-FISABIO, 46020 Alicante, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Carolina Sorto-Sánchez
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Cardiology, OSI ARABA, University Hospital Araba, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 01009 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Sonia Eguaras
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, IdISNA, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Laura Barrubés
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Human Nutrition Unit, Biochemistry and Biotechnology Department, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43201 Reus, Spain
| | - Montserrat Fitó
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Unit of Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition, Institut Hospital del Mar de Investigaciones Médicas Municipal d'Investigació Mèdica (IMIM), 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep A Tur
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain.
- Research Group on Community Nutrition & Oxidative Stress, University of Balearic Islands, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain.
- Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain.
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21
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Clifton P. Metabolic Syndrome-Role of Dietary Fat Type and Quantity. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11071438. [PMID: 31247933 PMCID: PMC6683280 DOI: 10.3390/nu11071438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Revised: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Metabolic syndrome increases the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) over and above that related to type 2 diabetes. The optimal diet for the treatment of metabolic syndrome is not clear. Materials and Methods: A review of dietary interventions in volunteers with metabolic syndrome as well as studies examining the impact of dietary fat on the separate components of metabolic syndrome was undertaken using only recent meta-analyses, if available. Results: Most of the data suggest that replacing carbohydrates with any fat, but particularly polyunsaturated fat, will lower triglyceride(TG), increase high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, and lower blood pressure, but have no effects on fasting glucose in normal volunteers or insulin sensitivity, as assessed by euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamps. Fasting insulin may be lowered by fat. Monounsaturated fat (MUFA) is preferable to polyunsaturated fat (PUFA) for fasting insulin and glucose lowering. The addition of 3–4 g of N3 fats will lower TG and blood pressure (BP) and reduce the proportion of subjects with metabolic syndrome. Dairy fat (50% saturated fat) is also related to a lower incidence of metabolic syndrome in cohort studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Clifton
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide SA 5000, Australia.
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22
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Tindall AM, Petersen KS, Skulas‐Ray AC, Richter CK, Proctor DN, Kris‐Etherton PM. Replacing Saturated Fat With Walnuts or Vegetable Oils Improves Central Blood Pressure and Serum Lipids in Adults at Risk for Cardiovascular Disease: A Randomized Controlled-Feeding Trial. J Am Heart Assoc 2019; 8:e011512. [PMID: 31039663 PMCID: PMC6512082 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.118.011512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Background Walnuts have beneficial effects on cardiovascular risk factors, but it is unclear whether these effects are attributable to the fatty acid ( FA ) content, including α-linolenic acid ( ALA ), and/or bioactives. Methods and Results A randomized, controlled, 3-period, crossover, feeding trial was conducted in individuals at risk for cardiovascular disease (n=45). Following a 2-week standard Western diet run-in (12% saturated FAs [ SFA ], 7% polyunsaturated FAs, 12% monounsaturated FAs), participants consumed 3 isocaloric weight-maintenance diets for 6 weeks each: a walnut diet ( WD ; 7% SFA , 16% polyunsaturated FAs, 3% ALA , 9% monounsaturated FAs); a walnut FA -matched diet; and an oleic acid-replaced- ALA diet (7% SFA , 14% polyunsaturated FAs, 0.5% ALA , 12% monounsaturated FAs), which substituted the amount of ALA from walnuts in the WD with oleic acid. This design enabled evaluation of the effects of whole walnuts versus constituent components. The primary end point, central systolic blood pressure, was unchanged, and there were no significant changes in arterial stiffness. There was a treatment effect ( P=0.04) for central diastolic blood pressure; there was a greater change following the WD versus the oleic acid-replaced-ALA diet (-1.78±1.0 versus 0.15±0.7 mm Hg, P=0.04). There were no differences between the WD and the walnut fatty acid-matched diet (-0.22±0.8 mm Hg, P=0.20) or the walnut FA-matched and oleic acid-replaced-ALA diets ( P=0.74). The WD significantly lowered brachial and central mean arterial pressure. All diets lowered total cholesterol, LDL (low-density lipoprotein) cholesterol, HDL (high-density lipoprotein) cholesterol, and non- HDL cholesterol. Conclusions Cardiovascular benefits occurred with all moderate-fat, high-unsaturated-fat diets. As part of a low- SFA diet, the greater improvement in central diastolic blood pressure following the WD versus the oleic acid-replaced-ALA diet indicates benefits of walnuts as a whole-food replacement for SFA . Clinical Trial Registration URL : https://www.clinicaltrials.gov . Unique identifier: NCT02210767.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa M. Tindall
- Department of Nutritional SciencesThe Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPA
| | - Kristina S. Petersen
- Department of Nutritional SciencesThe Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPA
| | | | | | - David N. Proctor
- Department of KinesiologyThe Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPA
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23
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Kaur A, Singh B, Kaur A, Singh N. Chemical, thermal, rheological and FTIR studies of vegetable oils and their effect on eggless muffin characteristics. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.13978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Amarbir Kaur
- Department of Food Science and Technology Guru Nanak Dev University Amritsar India
| | - Balwinder Singh
- P.G. Department of Biotechnology Khalsa College Amritsar India
| | - Amritpal Kaur
- Department of Food Science and Technology Guru Nanak Dev University Amritsar India
| | - Narpinder Singh
- Department of Food Science and Technology Guru Nanak Dev University Amritsar India
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24
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Njike VY, Costales VC, Petraro P, Annam R, Yarandi N, Katz DL. The Resulting Variation in Nutrient Intake With the Inclusion of Walnuts in the Diets of Adults at Risk for Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized, Controlled, Crossover Trial. Am J Health Promot 2018; 33:430-438. [PMID: 30068215 DOI: 10.1177/0890117118791120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We previously demonstrated that including walnuts in the diets of adults at risk for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) led to improved overall diet quality. This report examines the specific changes in their nutrient intake. DESIGN This was a randomized, controlled, modified Latin square parallel design trial with 2 treatment arms. Participants were randomized to walnut intake with, or without, dietary advice to regulate caloric intake. Within each treatment arm, they were further randomized to one of 2 sequence permutations (walnut-included/walnut-excluded or walnut-excluded/walnut-included diet), with a 3-month washout between treatment phases. SETTING Community hospital in Lower Naugatuck Valley in Connecticut. PARTICIPANTS Cohort of 112 participants (31 men and 81 women) at risk for T2DM. INTERVENTION Participants included 56 g (366 kcal) of walnuts in their daily diets for 6 months. MEASURES Nutrient intake was assessed using web-based Automated Self-Administered 24-Hour Dietary Assessment. ANALYSIS Data were analyzed using generalized linear models. RESULTS Walnut inclusion led to increased intake of total fat, calcium, magnesium, thiamin, total saturated fatty acids, and monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids (379.0 ± 90.3 g vs -136.5 ± 92.7 g, P < .01; 230.7 ± 114.2 mg vs -95.2 ± 117.4 mg, P = .05; 111.0 ± 33.9 mg vs -32.3 ± 34.9 mg, P < .01; 0.28 ± 0.2 mg vs -0.47 ± 0.2 mg, P = .02; 8.6 ± 3.4 g vs -1.1 ± 3.5 g, P =.05; 6.3 ± 3.9 g vs -6.3 ± 4.0 g, P = .03; and 25.4 ± 4.0 vs -6.6 ± 4.2 g, P < .01, respectively). Vitamin C intake decreased (-65.3 ± 55.3 mg vs 98.9 ± 56.8 mg, P = .04). Protein intake increased from baseline with the inclusion of walnuts (20.0 ± 8.8 g, P < .05). Walnut inclusion led to an increase in total calories consumed when caloric intake is not regulated. CONCLUSION Including walnuts in the diets of these adults led to increased dietary intake of some nutrients associated with lower risk of developing T2DM and other cardiometabolic risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentine Y Njike
- 1 Griffin Hospital-Derby, Yale University Prevention Research Center, Derby, CT, USA
| | - Victoria C Costales
- 1 Griffin Hospital-Derby, Yale University Prevention Research Center, Derby, CT, USA
| | - Paul Petraro
- 1 Griffin Hospital-Derby, Yale University Prevention Research Center, Derby, CT, USA
| | - Rachel Annam
- 1 Griffin Hospital-Derby, Yale University Prevention Research Center, Derby, CT, USA
| | - Niloufarsadat Yarandi
- 1 Griffin Hospital-Derby, Yale University Prevention Research Center, Derby, CT, USA
| | - David L Katz
- 1 Griffin Hospital-Derby, Yale University Prevention Research Center, Derby, CT, USA
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25
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Silva Figueiredo P, Inada AC, Ribeiro Fernandes M, Granja Arakaki D, Freitas KDC, Avellaneda Guimarães RDC, Aragão do Nascimento V, Aiko Hiane P. An Overview of Novel Dietary Supplements and Food Ingredients in Patients with Metabolic Syndrome and Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23040877. [PMID: 29641459 PMCID: PMC6017470 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23040877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Revised: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is characterized by interconnected factors related to metabolic disturbances, and is directly related to the occurrence of some diseases such as cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes. MetS is described as one or both of insulin resistance and visceral adiposity, considered the initial causes of abnormalities that include hyperglycemia, elevated blood pressure, dyslipidemia, elevated inflammatory markers, and prothrombotic state, as well as polycystic ovarian syndrome in women. Other than in MetS, visceral adiposity and the pro-inflammatory state are also key in the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), which is the most prevalent chronic liver disease in modern society. Both MetS and NAFLD are related to diet and lifestyle, and their treatment may be influenced by dietary pattern changes and the use of certain dietary supplements. This study aimed to review the role of food ingredients and supplements in the management of MetS and NAFLD specifically in human clinical trials. Moreover, bioactive compounds and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) may be used as strategies for preventing the onset of and treatment of metabolic disorders, such as MetS and NAFLD, improving the inflammatory state and other comorbidities, such as obesity, dyslipidemias, and cardiovascular diseases (CVD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscila Silva Figueiredo
- Post Graduate Program in Health and Development in the Central-West Region, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande 79070900, Brazil.
| | - Aline Carla Inada
- Post Graduate Program in Health and Development in the Central-West Region, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande 79070900, Brazil.
| | - Melina Ribeiro Fernandes
- Post Graduate Program in Health and Development in the Central-West Region, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande 79070900, Brazil.
| | - Daniela Granja Arakaki
- Post Graduate Program in Health and Development in the Central-West Region, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande 79070900, Brazil.
| | - Karine de Cássia Freitas
- Post Graduate Program in Health and Development in the Central-West Region, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande 79070900, Brazil.
| | - Rita de Cássia Avellaneda Guimarães
- Post Graduate Program in Health and Development in the Central-West Region, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande 79070900, Brazil.
- Optics and Photonics Group, Institute of Physics, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, 549, Campo Grande 79070900, Brazil.
| | - Valter Aragão do Nascimento
- Post Graduate Program in Health and Development in the Central-West Region, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande 79070900, Brazil.
- Optics and Photonics Group, Institute of Physics, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, 549, Campo Grande 79070900, Brazil.
| | - Priscila Aiko Hiane
- Post Graduate Program in Health and Development in the Central-West Region, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande 79070900, Brazil.
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26
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Rezaei S, Akhlaghi M, Sasani MR, Barati Boldaji R. Olive oil lessened fatty liver severity independent of cardiometabolic correction in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: A randomized clinical trial. Nutrition 2018; 57:154-161. [PMID: 30170304 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2018.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Revised: 12/16/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Olive oil has health benefits for the correction of metabolic diseases. We aimed to evaluate the effect of olive oil consumption on the severity of fatty liver and cardiometabolic markers in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. METHODS This randomized, double-blind, clinical trial was conducted on 66 patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Patients were divided to receive either olive or sunflower oil, each 20 g/d for 12 wk. A hypocaloric diet (-500 kcal/d) was recommended to all participants. Fatty liver grade, liver enzymes, anthropometric parameters, blood pressure, serum lipid profile, glucose, insulin, malondialdehyde, total antioxidant capacity, and interleukin-6 were assessed pre- and postintervention. RESULTS Fatty liver grade, weight, waist circumference, and blood pressure significantly decreased in both groups. Sunflower oil significantly reduced serum aspartate and alanine aminotransferases and olive oil only decreased serum aspartate aminotransferase. Fat-free mass and skeletal muscle mass significantly reduced after the consumption of sunflower oil and serum triacylglycerols and fat mass significantly declined after the ingestion of olive oil. Among these variables, only changes in fatty liver grade (-0.29 ± 0.46 in sunflower oil versus -0.75 ± 0.45 in olive oil; P < 0.001), skeletal muscle mass (-0.71 ± 1.36 in sunflower oil versus +0.45 ± 2.8 in olive oil; P = 0.04), and body fat percentage (+0.38 ± 5.2% in sunflower oil versus -3.4 ± 5.5% in olive oil; P = 0.04) were significantly different between the groups. CONCLUSIONS Olive oil may alleviate the severity of fatty liver independent of correcting cardiometabolic risk factors. Low-calorie diets may benefit patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease additionally through mitigation of obesity, blood pressure, and liver enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahla Rezaei
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Akhlaghi
- Nutrition Research Center, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Reza Sasani
- Medical Imaging Research Center, Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Reza Barati Boldaji
- Nutrition Research Center, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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27
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Su H, Liu R, Chang M, Huang J, Wang X. Dietary linoleic acid intake and blood inflammatory markers: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Food Funct 2018; 8:3091-3103. [PMID: 28752873 DOI: 10.1039/c7fo00433h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of increasing dietary linoleic acid (LA) intake on the blood concentrations of inflammatory markers including cytokines, acute phase reactants and adhesion molecules in adults. METHODS We comprehensively searched PubMed, Embase and Cochrane Library for eligible studies. Overall, 30 randomized controlled studies involving 1377 subjects were included for meta-analysis. RESULTS No significant effect of higher LA intake was observed for cytokines: tumor necrosis factor (SMD: -0.01; 95% CI: -0.19 to 0.17), interleukin-6 (SMD: 0.11, 95% CI: -0.07 to 0.29), adiponectin (SMD: 0.17, 95% CI: -0.17 to 0.50) and monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (SMD: 0.14, 95% CI: -0.33 to 0.60). Pooled effect size from 16 studies showed that the C-reactive protein (CRP) concentration was not significantly affected by increasing LA intake (SMD = 0.09, 95% CI: -0.05 to 0.24). However, subgroup and meta-regression analysis suggested that in subjects with a more profound increase of dietary LA intake, LA might increase the blood CRP level. Other acute phase reactants including fibrinogen and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 and adhesion molecules were not significantly changed when LA was increased in diet. No significant heterogeneity or publication bias was observed, although only a limited number of eligible studies were included for some markers. CONCLUSION Our meta-analysis suggested that increasing dietary LA intake does not have a significant effect on the blood concentrations of inflammatory markers. However, the extent of change in dietary LA intake might affect the effect of LA supplementation on CRP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Su
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, P. R. China.
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Li Y, Zhao F, Wu Q, Li M, Zhu Y, Song S, Zhu J, Ma Y, Li H, Shi X, Xu X, Zhou G, Li C. Fish oil diet may reduce inflammatory levels in the liver of middle-aged rats. Sci Rep 2017; 7:6241. [PMID: 28740245 PMCID: PMC5524965 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-06506-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 06/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The impact of dietary soybean oil, lard and fish oil on physiological responses in middle age is little studied. In this study, we investigated the changes of oxidative stress, inflammatory cytokines, telomere length, and age-related gene expression in the liver of middle-aged rats in response to the above three fat diets. Male Sprague Dawley rats (12 months old) were fed AIN-93M diets for 3 months, in which soybean oil was equivalently replaced by lard or fish oil. As compared to the lard diet, intake of fish oil diet significantly decreased body weight gain, white blood cell count, and levels of hepatic triacylglycerol, total cholesterol, fat accumulation, low-density lipoprotein, oxidative stress and inflammatory cytokines (P < 0.05), but increased telomere length (P < 0.05). On the other hand, lard diet and soybean oil diet showed great similarity in the above variables. PCR array analysis further indicated that fish oil diet significantly down-regulated gene expression related to inflammatory response, apoptosis, DNA binding, proteostasis and telomere attrition. Differentially expressed genes were enriched in the complement and coagulation cascades pathways. Such physiological and molecular responses could be due to different fatty acid composition in fish oil, lard and soybean oil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingqiu Li
- Key Laboratory of Meat Processing and Quality Control, MOE, Key Laboratory of Meat Processing, MOA, Jiangsu Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, P.R. China
- Guangxi Vocational College of Technology and Business, Nanning, 530008, Guangxi, P.R. China
| | - Fan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Meat Processing and Quality Control, MOE, Key Laboratory of Meat Processing, MOA, Jiangsu Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, P.R. China
| | - Qiayu Wu
- Key Laboratory of Meat Processing and Quality Control, MOE, Key Laboratory of Meat Processing, MOA, Jiangsu Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, P.R. China
| | - Mengjie Li
- Key Laboratory of Meat Processing and Quality Control, MOE, Key Laboratory of Meat Processing, MOA, Jiangsu Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, P.R. China
| | - Yingying Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Meat Processing and Quality Control, MOE, Key Laboratory of Meat Processing, MOA, Jiangsu Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, P.R. China
| | - Shangxin Song
- Key Laboratory of Meat Processing and Quality Control, MOE, Key Laboratory of Meat Processing, MOA, Jiangsu Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, P.R. China
- School of Food Science, Nanjing Xiaozhuang University, Nanjing, 211171, P.R. China
| | - Jing Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Meat Processing and Quality Control, MOE, Key Laboratory of Meat Processing, MOA, Jiangsu Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, P.R. China
| | - Yafang Ma
- Key Laboratory of Meat Processing and Quality Control, MOE, Key Laboratory of Meat Processing, MOA, Jiangsu Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, P.R. China
| | - He Li
- Key Laboratory of Meat Processing and Quality Control, MOE, Key Laboratory of Meat Processing, MOA, Jiangsu Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, P.R. China
| | - Xuebin Shi
- Key Laboratory of Meat Processing and Quality Control, MOE, Key Laboratory of Meat Processing, MOA, Jiangsu Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, P.R. China
| | - Xinglian Xu
- Key Laboratory of Meat Processing and Quality Control, MOE, Key Laboratory of Meat Processing, MOA, Jiangsu Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, P.R. China
| | - Guanghong Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Meat Processing and Quality Control, MOE, Key Laboratory of Meat Processing, MOA, Jiangsu Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, P.R. China.
| | - Chunbao Li
- Key Laboratory of Meat Processing and Quality Control, MOE, Key Laboratory of Meat Processing, MOA, Jiangsu Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, P.R. China.
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Duwaerts CC, Amin AM, Siao K, Her C, Fitch M, Beysen C, Turner SM, Goodsell A, Baron JL, Grenert JP, Cho SJ, Maher JJ. Specific Macronutrients Exert Unique Influences on the Adipose-Liver Axis to Promote Hepatic Steatosis in Mice. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2017; 4. [PMID: 28649594 PMCID: PMC5472193 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2017.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS The factors that distinguish metabolically healthy obesity from metabolically unhealthy obesity are not well understood. Diet has been implicated as a determinant of the unhealthy obesity phenotype, but which aspects of the diet induce dysmetabolism are unknown. The goal of this study was to investigate whether specific macronutrients or macronutrient combinations provoke dysmetabolism in the context of isocaloric, high-energy diets. METHODS Mice were fed 4 high-energy diets identical in calorie and nutrient content but different in nutrient composition for 3 weeks to 6 months. The test diets contained 42% carbohydrate (sucrose or starch) and 42% fat (oleate or palmitate). Weight and glucose tolerance were monitored; blood and tissues were collected for histology, gene expression, and immunophenotyping. RESULTS Mice gained weight on all 4 test diets but differed significantly in other metabolic outcomes. Animals fed the starch-oleate diet developed more severe hepatic steatosis than those on other formulas. Stable isotope incorporation showed that the excess hepatic steatosis in starch-oleate-fed mice derived from exaggerated adipose tissue lipolysis. In these mice, adipose tissue lipolysis coincided with adipocyte necrosis and inflammation. Notably, the liver and adipose tissue abnormalities provoked by starch-oleate feeding were reproduced when mice were fed a mixed-nutrient Western diet with 42% carbohydrate and 42% fat. CONCLUSIONS The macronutrient composition of the diet exerts a significant influence on metabolic outcome, independent of calories and nutrient proportions. Starch-oleate appears to cause hepatic steatosis by inducing progressive adipose tissue injury. Starch-oleate phenocopies the effect of a Western diet; consequently, it may provide clues to the mechanism whereby specific nutrients cause metabolically unhealthy obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline C. Duwaerts
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California,The Liver Center, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Amin M. Amin
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California,The Liver Center, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Kevin Siao
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California,The Liver Center, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Chris Her
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California,The Liver Center, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Mark Fitch
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, California
| | | | | | - Amanda Goodsell
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California,The Liver Center, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Jody L. Baron
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California,The Liver Center, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - James P. Grenert
- The Liver Center, University of California, San Francisco, California,Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Soo-Jin Cho
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Jacquelyn J. Maher
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California,The Liver Center, University of California, San Francisco, California,Correspondence Address correspondence to: Jacquelyn J. Maher, MD, Liver Center Laboratory, 1001 Potrero Avenue, Building 40, Room 4102, San Francisco, California 94110. fax: (415) 641-0517.Liver Center Laboratory1001 Potrero Avenue, Building 40, Room 4102San FranciscoCalifornia 94110
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