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Tassone VK, Wu M, Meshkat S, Duffy SF, Baig S, Jung H, Lou W, Bhat V. The association between depressive symptoms and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein: Is body mass index a moderator? Brain Behav Immun Health 2024; 38:100773. [PMID: 38698915 PMCID: PMC11063595 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbih.2024.100773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective Depression and obesity are highly comorbid conditions with shared biological mechanisms. It remains unclear how depressive symptoms and body mass index (BMI) interact in relation to inflammation. This cross-sectional study investigated the independent associations of depressive symptoms and BMI with high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), as well as the moderating role of BMI on the depressive symptoms-hs-CRP association. Methods Participants (n = 8827) from the 2015-2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys were aged ≥20 with a BMI ≥18.5 kg/m2, completed the Depression Screener, and had hs-CRP data. Multivariable linear regression was used to analyze hs-CRP in relation to depressive symptoms and BMI. An interaction term was included to examine whether the depressive symptoms-hs-CRP relationship differs depending on BMI. Results There was a slight, albeit non-significant, increase in hs-CRP levels with each one-point increase in depressive symptoms (aCoef.Estm. = 0.01, 95% CI = -0.05, 0.06, p = 0.754). Participants with overweight (aCoef.Estm. = 1.07, 95% CI = 0.61, 1.53, p < 0.001) or obese (aCoef.Estm. = 3.51, 95% CI = 3.04, 3.98, p < 0.001) BMIs had higher mean hs-CRP levels than those with a healthy BMI. There were no significant interactions between depressive symptoms and overweight (aCoef.Estm. = 0.04, 95% CI = -0.04, 0.13, p = 0.278) or obese (aCoef.Estm. = 0.11, 95% CI = -0.01, 0.22, p = 0.066) BMI indicating a lack of difference in the depressive symptoms-hs-CRP association across participants in the healthy versus overweight and obese ranges. Conclusions This study suggests that BMI might not act as a moderator in the association between depressive symptoms and hs-CRP. Results should be replicated in larger samples. Further research is warranted to understand underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa K. Tassone
- Interventional Psychiatry Program, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, M5B 1M4, Canada
| | - Michelle Wu
- Interventional Psychiatry Program, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, M5B 1M4, Canada
| | - Shakila Meshkat
- Interventional Psychiatry Program, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, M5B 1M4, Canada
| | - Sophie F. Duffy
- Interventional Psychiatry Program, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, M5B 1M4, Canada
| | - Smia Baig
- Interventional Psychiatry Program, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, M5B 1M4, Canada
| | - Hyejung Jung
- Department of Biostatistics, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5T 3M7, Canada
| | - Wendy Lou
- Department of Biostatistics, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5T 3M7, Canada
| | - Venkat Bhat
- Interventional Psychiatry Program, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, M5B 1M4, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A8, Canada
- Mental Health and Addictions Services, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, M5B 1W8, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5T 1R8, Canada
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Zhang Y, Munshi S, Burrows K, Kuplicki R, Figueroa-Hall LK, Aupperle RL, Khalsa SS, Teague TK, Taki Y, Paulus MP, Savitz J, Zheng H. Leptin's Inverse Association With Brain Morphology and Depressive Symptoms: A Discovery and Confirmatory Study Across 2 Independent Samples. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY. COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE AND NEUROIMAGING 2024; 9:714-725. [PMID: 38631553 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2024.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Major depressive disorder has a complex, bidirectional relationship with metabolic dysfunction, but the neural correlates of this association are not well understood. METHODS In this cross-sectional investigation, we used a 2-step discovery and confirmatory strategy utilizing 2 independent samples (sample 1: 288 participants, sample 2: 196 participants) to examine the association between circulating indicators of metabolic health (leptin and adiponectin) and brain structures in individuals with major depressive disorder. RESULTS We found a replicable inverse correlation between leptin levels and cortical surface area within essential brain areas responsible for emotion regulation, such as the left posterior cingulate cortex, right pars orbitalis, right superior temporal gyrus, and right insula (standardized beta coefficient range: -0.27 to -0.49, puncorrected < .05). Notably, this relationship was independent of C-reactive protein levels. We also identified a significant interaction effect of leptin levels and diagnosis on the cortical surface area of the right superior temporal gyrus (standardized beta coefficient = 0.26 in sample 1, standardized beta coefficient = 0.30 in sample 2, puncorrected < .05). We also observed a positive correlation between leptin levels and atypical depressive symptoms in both major depressive disorder groups (r = 0.14 in sample 1, r = 0.29 in sample 2, puncorrected < .05). CONCLUSIONS The inverse association between leptin and cortical surface area in brain regions that are important for emotion processing and leptin's association with atypical depressive symptoms support the hypothesis that metabolic processes may be related to emotion regulation. However, the molecular mechanisms through which leptin may exert these effects should be explored further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Zhang
- Department of Aging Research and Geriatric Medicine, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.
| | | | | | | | - Leandra K Figueroa-Hall
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, Oklahoma; Oxley College of Health Sciences, The University of Tulsa, Tulsa, Oklahoma
| | - Robin L Aupperle
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, Oklahoma; Oxley College of Health Sciences, The University of Tulsa, Tulsa, Oklahoma
| | | | - T Kent Teague
- Department of Surgery, University of Oklahoma School of Community Medicine, Tulsa, Oklahoma; Department of Psychiatry, University of Oklahoma School of Community Medicine, Tulsa, Oklahoma; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Oklahoma College of Pharmacy, Tulsa, Oklahoma
| | - Yasuyuki Taki
- Department of Aging Research and Geriatric Medicine, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan; Department of Geriatric Medicine and Neuroimaging, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan; Smart-Aging Research Center, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Martin P Paulus
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, Oklahoma; Oxley College of Health Sciences, The University of Tulsa, Tulsa, Oklahoma
| | - Jonathan Savitz
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, Oklahoma; Oxley College of Health Sciences, The University of Tulsa, Tulsa, Oklahoma
| | - Haixia Zheng
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, Oklahoma; Oxley College of Health Sciences, The University of Tulsa, Tulsa, Oklahoma
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Merza Mohammad TA, Merza Mohammad TA, Salman DM, Jaafar HM. Pentoxifylline as a Novel Add-on Therapy for Major Depressive Disorder in Adult Patients: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial. PHARMACOPSYCHIATRY 2024; 57:205-214. [PMID: 38710206 DOI: 10.1055/a-2291-7204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence indicates an association between immune dysregulation and major depressive disorder (MDD). Pentoxifylline (PTX), a phosphodiesterase inhibitor, has been shown to reduce pro-inflammatory activities. The aim of this study was to evaluate changes in depressive symptoms and pro-inflammatory markers after administration of PTX as an adjunctive agent to citalopram in patients with MDD. METHODS One hundred patients were randomly assigned to either citalopram (20 mg/day) plus placebo (twice daily) (n=50) or citalopram (20 mg/day) plus PTX (400 mg) (twice daily) (n=50). The Hamilton Depression Rating Scale-17 (HAM-D-17) scores at baseline, weeks 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12 and serum levels of interleukin1-β (IL-1-β), tumor necrosis factor-α, C-reactive protein, IL-6, serotonin, IL-10, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) at baseline and week 12 were evaluated. RESULTS HAM-D-17 score in the PTX group significantly reduced in comparison to the control group after weeks 4, 6, 8,10, and 12 ((LSMD): - 2.193, p=0.021; - 2.597, p=0.036; - 2.916, p=0.019; - 4.336, p=0.005; and - 4.087, p=0.008, respectively). Patients who received PTX had a better response (83%) and remission rate (79%) compared to the placebo group (49% and 40%, p=0.006 and p=0.01, respectively). Moreover, the reduction in serum concentrations of pro-inflammatory factors and increase in serotonin and BDNF in the PTX group was significantly greater than in the placebo group (p<0.001). CONCLUSION These findings support the safety and efficacy of PTX as an adjunctive antidepressant agent with anti-inflammatory effects in patients with MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Talar A Merza Mohammad
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Hawler Medical University, Kurdistan Region-Erbil, Iraq
| | - Tavgah A Merza Mohammad
- University of Sulaimani, College of Nursing, Department of Community Health Nursing, Kurdistan Region-Erbil, Iraq
| | - Dyar M Salman
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Hawler Medical University, Kurdistan Region-Erbil, Iraq
- Tishk International University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kurdistan Region-Erbil, Iraq
| | - Halmat M Jaafar
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Hawler Medical University, Kurdistan Region-Erbil, Iraq
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Lombardo G, Mondelli V, Worrell C, Sforzini L, Mariani N, Nikkheslat N, Nettis MA, Kose M, Zajkowska Z, Cattaneo A, Pointon L, Turner L, Cowen PJ, Drevets WC, Cavanagh J, Harrison NA, Bullmore ET, Dazzan P, Pariante CM. Disturbed sex hormone milieu in males and females with major depressive disorder and low-grade inflammation. J Affect Disord 2024; 356:167-176. [PMID: 38494137 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Sex hormones have biological effects on inflammation, and these might contribute to the sex-specific features of depression. C-reactive protein (CRP) is the most widely used inflammatory biomarker and consistent evidence shows a significant proportion (20-30 %) of patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) have CRP levels above 3 mg/L, a threshold indicating at least low-grade inflammation. Here, we investigate the interplay between sex hormones and CRP in the cross-sectional, observational Biomarkers in Depression Study. We measured serum high-sensitivity (hs-)CRP, in 64 healthy controls and 178 MDD patients, subdivided into those with hs-CRP below 3 mg/L (low-CRP; 53 males, 72 females) and with hs-CRP above 3 mg/L (high-CRP; 19 males, 34 females). We also measured interleukin-6, testosterone, 17-β-estradiol (E2), progesterone, sex-hormone binding globulin (SHBG), follicle-stimulating and luteinising hormones, and calculated testosterone-to-E2 ratio (T/E2), free androgen and estradiol indexes (FAI, FEI), and testosterone secretion index. In males, high-CRP patients had lower testosterone than controls (p = 0.001), and lower testosterone (p = 0.013), T/E2 (p < 0.001), and higher FEI (p = 0.015) than low-CRP patients. In females, high-CRP patients showed lower SHGB levels than controls (p = 0.033) and low-CRP patients (p = 0.034). The differences in testosterone, T/E2 ratio, and FEI levels in males survived the Benjamini-Hochberg FDR correction. In linear regression analyses, testosterone (β = -1.069 p = 0.033) predicted CRP concentrations (R2 = 0.252 p = 0.002) in male patients, and SHBG predicted CRP levels (β = -0.628 p = 0.009, R2 = 0.172 p = 0.003) in female patients. These findings may guide future research investigating interactions between gonadal and immune systems in depression, and the potential of hormonal therapies in MDD with inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Lombardo
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Department of Psychological Medicine, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, King's College London, SE5 9RT, UK.
| | - Valeria Mondelli
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Department of Psychological Medicine, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, King's College London, SE5 9RT, UK; National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre at South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London
| | - Courtney Worrell
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Department of Psychological Medicine, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, King's College London, SE5 9RT, UK
| | - Luca Sforzini
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Department of Psychological Medicine, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, King's College London, SE5 9RT, UK; National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre at South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London
| | - Nicole Mariani
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Department of Psychological Medicine, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, King's College London, SE5 9RT, UK
| | - Naghmeh Nikkheslat
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Department of Psychological Medicine, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, King's College London, SE5 9RT, UK
| | - Maria A Nettis
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Department of Psychological Medicine, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, King's College London, SE5 9RT, UK; South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | - Melisa Kose
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Department of Psychological Medicine, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, King's College London, SE5 9RT, UK
| | - Zuzanna Zajkowska
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Department of Psychological Medicine, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, King's College London, SE5 9RT, UK
| | - Annamaria Cattaneo
- Biological Psychiatric Unit, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, 25125 Brescia, Italy; Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Linda Pointon
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0SZ, UK
| | - Lorinda Turner
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0SZ, UK
| | - Philip J Cowen
- University of Oxford Department of Psychiatry, Warneford Hospital, Oxford OX3 7JX, UK
| | - Wayne C Drevets
- Janssen Research & Development, Neuroscience Therapeutic Area, 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Jonathan Cavanagh
- Centre for Immunobiology, University of Glasgow and Sackler Institute of Psychobiological Research, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow G51 4TF, UK
| | - Neil A Harrison
- School of Medicine, School of Psychology, Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre, Maindy Road, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK
| | - Edward T Bullmore
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0SZ, UK
| | - Paola Dazzan
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Department of Psychological Medicine, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, King's College London, SE5 9RT, UK; National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre at South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London
| | - Carmine M Pariante
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Department of Psychological Medicine, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, King's College London, SE5 9RT, UK; National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre at South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London
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Wang J, Wang Y, Li H, Wang W, Zhang D. Associations between oral health and depression and anxiety: A cross-sectional and prospective cohort study from the UK Biobank. J Clin Periodontol 2024. [PMID: 38952070 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.14039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024]
Abstract
AIM To investigate the associations between oral health and depression, anxiety and their comorbidity in the UK Biobank cohort. MATERIALS AND METHODS Oral health problems were self-reported at baseline. Symptoms of depression and anxiety were assessed using the Mental Health Questionnaire (PHQ-4) in a cross-sectional study. In the cohort study, diagnoses of depression and anxiety disorders were based on hospital records. Logistic regression and Cox regression models were used to analyse the association between oral health and depression/anxiety. RESULTS A total of 305,188 participants were included in the cross-sectional study, and multivariate analysis showed that periodontal disease was associated with depression and/or anxiety (odds ratio [OR]: 1.79, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.73-1.86). In the prospective cohort study involving 264,706 participants, periodontal disease was significantly associated with an increased risk of depression and/or anxiety (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.14, 95% CI: 1.10-1.19), depression (HR: 1.19, 95% CI: 1.13-1.25) and anxiety (HR: 1.13, 95% CI: 1.07-1.19). Periodontal disease was also significantly associated with comorbid depression and anxiety (HR: 1.27, 95% CI: 1.16-1.38). Multiple mediation analysis using baseline inflammatory factors showed that white blood cell count and C-reactive protein explained 3.07% and 3.15% of the association between periodontal disease and depression and anxiety, respectively. However, the results of longitudinal multiple mediation analysis of inflammatory factors at first follow-up (N = 10,673) were not significant. CONCLUSIONS Periodontal disease was found to be consistently associated with an increased risk of depression, anxiety and their comorbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, The School of Public Health of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yani Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, The School of Public Health of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Huihui Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, The School of Public Health of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Weijing Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, The School of Public Health of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Dongfeng Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, The School of Public Health of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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Chen JH, Lei H, Wan YF, Zhu XC, Zeng LY, Tang HX, Zhao YF, Pan Y, Deng YQ, Liu KX. Frailty and psychiatric disorders: A bidirectional Mendelian randomization study. J Affect Disord 2024; 356:346-355. [PMID: 38626809 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The association between frailty and psychiatric disorders has been reported in observational studies. However, it is unclear whether frailty facilitates the appearance of psychiatric disorders or vice versa. Therefore, we conducted a bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR) study to evaluate the causality. METHODS Independent genetic variants associated with frailty index (FI) and psychiatric disorders were obtained from large genome-wide association studies (GWAS). The inverse variance weighted method was utilized as the primary method to estimate causal effects, followed by various sensitivity analyses. Multivariable analyses were performed to further adjust for potential confounders. RESULTS The present MR study revealed that genetically predicted FI was significantly and positively associated with the risk of major depressive disorder (MDD) (odds ratio [OR] 1.79, 95 % confidence interval [CI] 1.48-2.15, P = 1.06 × 10-9), anxiety disorder (OR 1.61, 95 % CI 1.19-2.18, P = 0.002) and neuroticism (OR 1.38, 95 % CI 1.18-1.61, P = 3.73 × 10-5). In the reverse MR test, genetic liability to MDD (beta 0.232, 95 % CI 0.189-0.274, P = 1.00 × 10-26) and neuroticism (beta 0.128, 95 % CI 0.081-0.175, P = 8.61 × 10-8) were significantly associated with higher FI. Multivariable analyses results supported the causal association between FI and MDD and neuroticism. LIMITATIONS Restriction to European populations, and sample selection bias. CONCLUSIONS Our study suggested a bidirectional causal association between frailty and MDD neuroticism, and a positive correlation of genetically predicted frailty on the risk of anxiety disorder. Developing a deeper understanding of these associations is essential to effectively manage frailty and optimize mental health in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie-Hai Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Anaesthesia and Perioperative Organ Protection, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China; Dongguan Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Dongguan, 523125, Guangdong, China
| | - Hang Lei
- Department of Pathophysiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Proteomics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yu-Fei Wan
- Department of Pathophysiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Proteomics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xiao-Chun Zhu
- Division of Cardiology, Dongguan Songshan Lake Central Hospital, Dongguan, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Li-Ying Zeng
- Department of Pathophysiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Proteomics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Hao-Xuan Tang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Proteomics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yun-Feng Zhao
- Department of Pathophysiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Proteomics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Ying Pan
- Department of Pathophysiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Proteomics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yong-Qiang Deng
- Department of Pathophysiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Proteomics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.
| | - Ke-Xuan Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Anaesthesia and Perioperative Organ Protection, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China.
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Wen X, Wang F, Tang T, Xu B, Yuan M, Li Y, Ding H, Tao F, Su P, Wang G. Sex-specific association of peripheral blood cell indices and inflammatory markers with depressive symptoms in early adolescence. J Affect Disord 2024; 362:S0165-0327(24)01032-2. [PMID: 38960333 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.06.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have reported the correlation of dysregulated blood cell indices and peripheral inflammatory markers with depression in adults but limited studies have examined this correlation in early adolescents. METHODS This study used data from the Chinese Early Adolescents Cohort Study, which was conducted in Anhui, China. Students' depression symptoms were repeatedly measured using the Chinese version of the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale for Children. Students' blood samples were collected in September 2019 and September 2021. The peripheral blood cell counts and inflammatory marker levels were determined using routine blood tests. Multivariate regression models were used to explore the associations between blood cell indices and adolescent depressive symptoms in both the whole sample and the sex-stratified samples. RESULTS The white blood cell (WBC) count, neutrophil count (NC), platelet (PLT) count, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio, and systemic immune inflammation index (SII) were positively correlated with the severity of depressive symptoms during follow-up. The mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean hemoglobin (HGB) volume (MCH), and mean corpuscular HGB concentration (MCHC) exhibited a negative temporal correlation with depressive symptoms. Additionally, several sex-specific blood cell markers were correlated with depression. Male adolescents with increased red blood cell (RBC) and female adolescents with decreased HGB levels and upregulated WBC, NC, NLR, and SII levels exhibited severe depressive symptoms at follow-up. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggested the potential usefulness of peripheral blood cell indices in the assessment of depression in early adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Wen
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Fan Wang
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Ting Tang
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Baoyu Xu
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Mengyuan Yuan
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Yonghan Li
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Han Ding
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Fangbiao Tao
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China; Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Puyu Su
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China; Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China.
| | - Gengfu Wang
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China; Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China.
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8
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Singh P, Vasundhara B, Das N, Sharma R, Kumar A, Datusalia AK. Metabolomics in Depression: What We Learn from Preclinical and Clinical Evidences. Mol Neurobiol 2024:10.1007/s12035-024-04302-5. [PMID: 38898199 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-04302-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Depression is one of the predominant common mental illnesses that affects millions of people of all ages worldwide. Random mood changes, loss of interest in routine activities, and prevalent unpleasant senses often characterize this common depreciated mental illness. Subjects with depressive disorders have a likelihood of developing cardiovascular complications, diabesity, and stroke. The exact genesis and pathogenesis of this disease are still questionable. A significant proportion of subjects with clinical depression display inadequate response to antidepressant therapies. Hence, clinicians often face challenges in predicting the treatment response. Emerging reports have indicated the association of depression with metabolic alterations. Metabolomics is one of the promising approaches that can offer fresh perspectives into the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of depression at the metabolic level. Despite numerous studies exploring metabolite profiles post-pharmacological interventions, a quantitative understanding of consistently altered metabolites is not yet established. The article gives a brief discussion on different biomarkers in depression and the degree to which biomarkers can improve treatment outcomes. In this review article, we have systemically reviewed the role of metabolomics in depression along with current challenges and future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Singh
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Raebareli, 226002, India
| | - Boosani Vasundhara
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Raebareli, 226002, India
| | - Nabanita Das
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Raebareli, 226002, India
| | - Ruchika Sharma
- Centre for Precision Medicine and Centre, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University (DPSRU), New Delhi, 110017, India
| | - Anoop Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University (DPSRU), New Delhi, 110017, India
| | - Ashok Kumar Datusalia
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Raebareli, 226002, India.
- Department of Regulatory Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Raebareli, 226002, India.
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9
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Wang QJ, Zheng W, Pan SF. Exploring the causal relationship between interleukin-6 or C reactive protein and malignant melanoma using a two-sample Mendelian randomization approach. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1375362. [PMID: 38952546 PMCID: PMC11215064 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1375362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024] Open
Abstract
The goal was to explore the effect of interleukin-6 (IL6) and C reactive protein (CRP) on malignant melanoma (MM) using two-sample Mendelian randomization. Methods Data for this study were obtained from the IEU Open GWAS project website for genome-wide association study data (GWAS) on interleukin-6, C reactive protein levels and malignant melanoma. Inverse variance weighted (IVW) method was mainly used and supplemented with MR-Egger regression and weighted median. Finally, horizontal multivariate validity and heterogeneity tests were performed to assess the stability and reliability of the results. Results The results of univariate two-sample MR analyses showed no significant effect of CRP on MM: inverse variance weighting method (OR=0.999, 95% CI: 0.998-1.001, P=0.343), MR-Egger regression (OR= 1.000, 95% CI: 0.998-1.001, P= 0.180), and weighted median method (OR= 0.999, 95% CI: 0.997 to 1.000, P= 0.583), and weighted model (OR= 0.999, 95% CI: 0.998 to 1.001, P= 0.328). Also,IL-6 had no significant effect on MM: inverse variance weighting method (OR= 1.001, 95% CI: 0.999 to 1.002, P=0.461), MR-Egger regression (OR= 1.000, 95% CI: 0.997 to 1.004, P= 0.910), weighted median method (OR= 1.000, 95% CI: 0.998 to 1.002, P= 0.749), and weighted mode (OR= 1.000, 95% CI: 0.998 to 1.002, P= 0.820). Conclusion There was no causal relationship between C-reactive protein and IL-6 on the risk of malignant melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan Jun Wang
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wei Zheng
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Sun Feng Pan
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Jiaxing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhenjiang, Jiaxing, China
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10
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Murphy J, Zierotin A, Mongan D, Healy C, Susai SR, O'Donoghue B, Clarke M, O'Connor K, Cannon M, Cotter DR. Associations between soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR) concentration and psychiatric disorders - A systematic review and meta-analysis. Brain Behav Immun 2024; 120:327-338. [PMID: 38857636 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2024.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is some evidence of an association between inflammation in the pathogenesis of mental disorders. Soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR) is a biomarker of chronic inflammation, which provides a more stable index of systemic inflammation than more widely used biomarkers. This review aims to synthesise studies that measured suPAR concentrations in individuals with a psychiatric disorder, to determine if these concentrations are altered in comparison to healthy participants. METHOD Comprehensive literature searches from inception to October 2023 were conducted of five relevant databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Scopus, APA PsychInfo). Random-effects meta-analyses were performed to compare the standardised mean difference of blood suPAR levels (i.e. plasma or serum) for individuals with any psychiatric disorder relative to controls. Separate meta-analyses of suPAR levels were conducted for individuals with schizophrenia or other psychotic disorder and depressive disorder. Risk of bias was assessed using the Newcastle Ottawa Scale. Post-hoc sensitivity analyses included excluding studies at high risk of bias, and analyses of studies that measured suPAR concentrations either in serum or in plasma separately. RESULTS The literature search identified 149 records. Ten full-text studies were screened for eligibility and 9 studies were included for review. Primary analyses revealed no significant difference in suPAR levels between individuals with any psychiatric disorder compared to controls (k = 7, SMD = 0.42, 95 % CI [-0.20, 1.04]). However, those with depressive disorder had elevated suPAR levels relative to controls (k = 3, SMD = 0.61, 95 % CI [0.34, 0.87]). Similarly, secondary analyses showed no evidence of a significant difference in suPAR levels in individuals with any psychiatric disorder when studies at high risk of bias were excluded (k = 6, SMD = 0.54, 95 % CI [-0.14, 1.22]), but elevated suPAR concentrations for those with schizophrenia or other psychotic disorder were found (k = 3, SMD = 0.98, 95 % CI [0.39, 1.58]). Furthermore, studies that analysed plasma suPAR concentrations found elevated plasma suPAR levels in individuals with any psychiatric disorder relative to controls (k = 5, SMD = 0.84, 95 % CI [0.38, 1.29]), while studies measuring serum suPAR levels in any psychiatric disorder did not find a difference (k = 2, SMD = -0.61, 95 % CI [-1.27, 0.04]). For plasma, elevated suPAR concentrations were also identified for those with schizophrenia or other psychotic disorder (k = 3, SMD = 0.98, 95 % CI [0.39, 1.58]). DISCUSSION When studies measuring either only serum or only plasma suPAR were considered, no significant difference in suPAR levels were observed between psychiatric disorder groups, although significantly elevated suPAR levels were detected in those with moderate to severe depressive disorder. However, plasma suPAR levels were significantly elevated in those with any psychiatric disorder relative to controls, while no difference in serum samples was found. A similar finding was reported for schizophrenia or other psychotic disorder. The plasma findings suggest that chronic inflammatory dysregulation may contribute to the pathology of schizophrenia and depressive disorder. Future longitudinal studies are required to fully elucidate the role of this marker in the psychopathology of these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Murphy
- Department of Psychiatry, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Anna Zierotin
- Department of Psychiatry, University College Dublin, Ireland
| | - David Mongan
- Department of Psychiatry, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland; Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Colm Healy
- Department of Psychiatry, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland; School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Subash R Susai
- Department of Psychiatry, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland; SFI FutureNeuro Research Centre, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Brian O'Donoghue
- Department of Psychiatry, University College Dublin, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry, St Vincent's University Hospital, Elm Park, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Mary Clarke
- Department of Psychiatry, University College Dublin, Ireland; DETECT Early Intervention for Psychosis Service, Blackrock, Co. Dublin, Ireland
| | - Karen O'Connor
- RISE, Early Intervention in Psychosis Team, South Lee Mental Health Services, Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioral Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Mary Cannon
- Department of Psychiatry, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland; SFI FutureNeuro Research Centre, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - David R Cotter
- Department of Psychiatry, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland; SFI FutureNeuro Research Centre, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
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11
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Chen X, Mo X, Zhang Y, He D, Xiao R, Cheng Q, Wang H, Liu L, Li WW, Xie P. A comprehensive analysis of the differential expression in the hippocampus of depression induced by gut microbiota compared to traditional stress. Gene 2024; 927:148633. [PMID: 38838871 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2024.148633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Depression, which is a disease of heterogeneous etiology, is characterized by high disability and mortality rates. Gut microbiota are associated with the development of depression. To further explore any differences in the mechanisms of depression induced by gut microbiota and traditional stresses, as well as facilitate the development of microbiota-based interventions, a fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) depression model was made. This was achieved by transplanting feces from major depressive disorder (MDD) patients into germ-free mice. Second, the mechanisms of the depression induced by gut microbiota were analyzed in comparison with those of the depression caused by different forms of stress. It turned out that mice exhibited depressive-like behavior after FMT. Then, PCR array analysis was performed on the hippocampus of the depressed mice to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs). The KEGG analysis revealed that the pathways of depression induced by gut microbes are closely associated with immuno-inflammation. To determine the pathogenic pathways of physiological stress and psychological stress-induced depression, raw data was extracted from several databases and KEGG analysis was performed. The results from the analysis revealed that the mechanisms of depression induced by physiological and psychological stress are closely related to the regulation of neurotransmitters and energy metabolism. Interestingly, the immunoinflammatory response was distinct across different etiologies that induced depression. The findings showed that gut microbiota dysbiosis-induced depression was mainly associated with adaptive immunity, while physiological stress-induced depression was more linked to innate immunity. This study compared the pathogenesis of depression caused by gut microbiota dysbiosis, and physiological and psychological stress. We explored new intervention methods for depression and laid the foundation for precise treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueyi Chen
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; School of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of Pathology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Xiaolong Mo
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yangdong Zhang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Dian He
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Rui Xiao
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; School of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of Pathology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Qisheng Cheng
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Haiyang Wang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Lanxiang Liu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; Department of Neurology, Yongchuan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 402160, China
| | - Wen-Wen Li
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; School of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of Pathology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; Molecular Medicine Diagnostic and Testing Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; Department of Pathology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Peng Xie
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; Department of Neurology, Yongchuan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 402160, China.
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12
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Pate BS, Smiley CE, Harrington EN, Bielicki BH, Davis JM, Reagan LP, Grillo CA, Wood SK. Voluntary wheel running as a promising strategy to promote autonomic resilience to social stress in females: Vagal tone lies at the heart of the matter. Auton Neurosci 2024; 253:103175. [PMID: 38677130 PMCID: PMC11173375 DOI: 10.1016/j.autneu.2024.103175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
Social stress is a major risk factor for comorbid conditions including cardiovascular disease and depression. While women exhibit 2-3× the risk for these stress-related disorders compared to men, the mechanisms underlying heightened stress susceptibility among females remain largely unknown. Due to a lack in understanding of the pathophysiology underlying stress-induced comorbidities among women, there has been a significant challenge in developing effective therapeutics. Recently, a causal role for inflammation has been established in the onset and progression of comorbid cardiovascular disease/depression, with women exhibiting increased sensitivity to stress-induced immune signaling. Importantly, reduced vagal tone is also implicated in stress susceptibility, through a reduction in the vagus nerve's well-recognized anti-inflammatory properties. Thus, examining therapeutic strategies that stabilize vagal tone during stress may shed light on novel targets for promoting stress resilience among women. Recently, accumulating evidence has demonstrated that physical activity exerts cardio- and neuro-protective effects by enhancing vagal tone. Based on this evidence, this mini review provides an overview of comorbid cardiovascular and behavioral dysfunction in females, the role of inflammation in these disorders, how stress may impart its negative effects on the vagus nerve, and how exercise may act as a preventative. Further, we highlight a critical gap in the literature with regard to the study of females in this field. This review also presents novel data that are the first to demonstrate a protective role for voluntary wheel running over vagal tone and biomarkers of cardiac dysfunction in the face of social stress exposure in female rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany S Pate
- Department of Exercise Science, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States of America; Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Neuroscience, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC, United States of America; Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - Cora E Smiley
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Neuroscience, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC, United States of America; Columbia VA Health Care System, Columbia, SC, United States of America
| | - Evelynn N Harrington
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Neuroscience, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC, United States of America; Columbia VA Health Care System, Columbia, SC, United States of America
| | - B Hunter Bielicki
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Neuroscience, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC, United States of America; Columbia VA Health Care System, Columbia, SC, United States of America
| | - J Mark Davis
- Department of Exercise Science, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States of America
| | - Lawrence P Reagan
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Neuroscience, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC, United States of America; Columbia VA Health Care System, Columbia, SC, United States of America
| | - Claudia A Grillo
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Neuroscience, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC, United States of America; Columbia VA Health Care System, Columbia, SC, United States of America
| | - Susan K Wood
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Neuroscience, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC, United States of America; Columbia VA Health Care System, Columbia, SC, United States of America; USC Institute for Cardiovascular Disease Research, Columbia, SC, United States of America.
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Lovrić M, Wang T, Staffe MR, Šunić I, Časni K, Lasky-Su J, Chawes B, Rasmussen MA. A Chemical Structure and Machine Learning Approach to Assess the Potential Bioactivity of Endogenous Metabolites and Their Association with Early Childhood Systemic Inflammation. Metabolites 2024; 14:278. [PMID: 38786755 PMCID: PMC11122766 DOI: 10.3390/metabo14050278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Metabolomics has gained much attention due to its potential to reveal molecular disease mechanisms and present viable biomarkers. This work uses a panel of untargeted serum metabolomes from 602 children from the COPSAC2010 mother-child cohort. The annotated part of the metabolome consists of 517 chemical compounds curated using automated procedures. We created a filtering method for the quantified metabolites using predicted quantitative structure-bioactivity relationships for the Tox21 database on nuclear receptors and stress response in cell lines. The metabolites measured in the children's serums are predicted to affect specific targeted models, known for their significance in inflammation, immune function, and health outcomes. The targets from Tox21 have been used as targets with quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSARs). They were trained for ~7000 structures, saved as models, and then applied to the annotated metabolites to predict their potential bioactivities. The models were selected based on strict accuracy criteria surpassing random effects. After application, 52 metabolites showed potential bioactivity based on structural similarity with known active compounds from the Tox21 set. The filtered compounds were subsequently used and weighted by their bioactive potential to show an association with early childhood hs-CRP levels at six months in a linear model supporting a physiological adverse effect on systemic low-grade inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Lovrić
- COPSAC, Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, 2820 Gentofte, Denmark
- Centre for Applied Bioanthropology, Institute for Anthropological Research, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
- The Lisbon Council, 1040 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Tingting Wang
- COPSAC, Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, 2820 Gentofte, Denmark
| | - Mads Rønnow Staffe
- Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen, 1958 Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Iva Šunić
- Centre for Applied Bioanthropology, Institute for Anthropological Research, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | | | - Jessica Lasky-Su
- Department of Medicine, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Bo Chawes
- COPSAC, Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, 2820 Gentofte, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2300 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Morten Arendt Rasmussen
- COPSAC, Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, 2820 Gentofte, Denmark
- Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen, 1958 Frederiksberg, Denmark
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14
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Bagarić T, Mihaljević-Peleš A, Skočić Hanžek M, Živković M, Kozmar A, Rogić D. Serum Levels of Zinc, Albumin, Interleukin-6 and CRP in Patients with Unipolar and Bipolar Depression: Cross Sectional Study. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2024; 46:4533-4550. [PMID: 38785543 PMCID: PMC11119144 DOI: 10.3390/cimb46050275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Unipolar (UD) and bipolar depression (BDD) show a high degree of similarity in clinical presentations, which complicates the differential diagnosis of these disorders. The aim of this study was to investigate the serum levels of interleukin 6 (IL-6), C-reactive protein (CRP), albumin (Alb), and zinc (Zn) in patients with UD, BDD, and healthy controls (HC). A total of 211 samples were collected: 131 patient samples (65 UD and 68 BDD) and 80 HC. The Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS), along with the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD-17), were administered to patient groups to evaluate symptoms. A cross-sectional study was performed to analyse the serum levels of IL-6, CRP, albumin, and zinc. The concentration of CRP was determined using the immunoturbidimetry method, zinc using the colorimetric method, and albumin using the colorimetric method with bromocresol green on the Alinity c device. IL-6 cytokine concentration in serum samples was ascertained using a commercial enzyme immunoassay, ELISA. We found no significant differences in serum concentrations of zinc, albumin, CRP, and IL-6 between the groups of patients with unipolar and bipolar depression. There was a significant statistical difference (p < 0.001) between serum levels of all investigated parameters in both groups of depressed patients in comparison with HC. Furthermore, correlations with specific items on HAMD-17; (namely, hypochondrias, work and activities, somatic symptoms-general, and weight loss) and on MADRS (concentration difficulties, lassitude) were observed in both patient groups. These findings confirm the presence of low-grade inflammation in depression, thus adding better insight into the inflammation hypothesis directed to explain the aetiology of depressive disorders. Our results do not indicate potential biomarkers for distinguishing between unipolar and bipolar depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tihana Bagarić
- Department for Psychiatry and Psychological Medicine, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Alma Mihaljević-Peleš
- Department for Psychiatry and Psychological Medicine, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Milena Skočić Hanžek
- Department for Psychiatry and Psychological Medicine, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Maja Živković
- Department for Psychiatry and Psychological Medicine, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ana Kozmar
- Department for Psychiatry and Psychological Medicine, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Dunja Rogić
- Department for Psychiatry and Psychological Medicine, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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15
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Chen X, Yang F, He R. Mental illness and pulmonary tuberculosis: a bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization study. Front Psychiatry 2024; 15:1345863. [PMID: 38742123 PMCID: PMC11089237 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1345863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Observational studies have confirmed that mental illness and pulmonary tuberculosis are closely related and increase each other's incidence; however, whether there is a causal genetic association between the two diseases remains unknown. We attempted to answer this question using bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) in a large cohort study. Method We performed a bidirectional MR analysis between mental illness (major depressive, anxiety disorder, bipolar disorder, and schizophrenia) and pulmonary tuberculosis using summary statistics from genome-wide association studies in European individuals. The inverse-variance weighted method was used as the primary analytical method to assess causality. In addition, other additional MR methods (weighted median, MR-Egger, and weighted mode) were used to supplement the inverse-variance weighted results. Furthermore, several sensitivity analyses were performed to assess heterogeneity, horizontal pleiotropy, and stability. Result We identified no causal genetic association between mental illness and pulmonary tuberculosis after applying the inverse variance weighted method (major depressive: odds ratio (OR) = 1.00, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.59-1.71, P = 0.98; anxiety disorder: OR = 1.72, 95% CI = 0.05-67.67, P = 0.76; bipolar disorder OR = 0.89, 95% CI = 0.66-1.22, P = 0.48; and schizophrenia: OR = 1.05, 95% CI = 0.91-1.20, P = 0.51). Similarly, pulmonary tuberculosis was not caustically associated with mental illness (major depressive: OR = 1.01, 95% CI = 1.00-1.02, P = 0.17; anxiety disorder: OR = 1.00, 95% CI = 0.99-1.01, P = 0.06; bipolar disorder: OR = 1.02, 95% CI = 0.98-1.07, P = 0.38; and schizophrenia: OR = 1.01, 95% CI = 0.97-1.05, P = 0.66). Conclusion Our research does not support a bidirectional causal association between the aforementioned mental illnesses and pulmonary tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Chen
- Department of Infection, Nanchong Central Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, China
| | - Fengbo Yang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, China
| | - Ronghui He
- Department of Infection, Nanchong Central Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, China
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16
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Guo Z, Han X, Kong T, Wu Y, Kang Y, Liu Y, Wang F. The mediation effects of nightmares and depression between insomnia and suicidal ideation in young adults. Sci Rep 2024; 14:9577. [PMID: 38670978 PMCID: PMC11052998 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-58774-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Suicide is prevalent among young adults, and epidemiological studies indicate that insomnia, nightmares, and depression are significantly associated with a high incidence of suicidal ideation (SI). However, the causal relationship between these factors and SI remains unclear. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine the association between nightmares and depression and insomnia and SI in young adults, as well as to develop a mediation model to investigate the causal relationship between insomnia, nightmare, depression, and SI. We assessed insomnia, nightmares, depression, and SI in 546 young adults using the Insomnia Severity Scale (ISI), Disturbing Dream and Nightmare Severity Scale (DDNSI), Depression Study Scale (CESD-20), and Columbia-Suicide Severity Rating Scale (C-SSRS). Using the Bootstrap method, the mediation effects of nightmares and depression between insomnia and SI were calculated. The results demonstrated that nightmares and depression fully mediated the relationship between insomnia and SI, including the chain-mediation of insomnia and SI between nightmare and depression with an effect value of 0.02, 95% CI 0.01-0.04, and depression as a mediator between insomnia and SI with an effect value of 0.22, 95% CI 0.15-0.29. This study found that depression and nightmares may be risk and predictive factors between insomnia and SI, which implies that the assessment and treatment of depression and the simple or linked effect of nightmares play crucial roles in preventing SI in young adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixuan Guo
- Medical Neurobiology Lab, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Huhhot, 010110, China
- Beijing Hui-Long-Guan Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, 100096, China
| | - Xiaoli Han
- Clinical Nutrition Department, Friendship Hospital of Urumqi, Urumqi, 830049, China
| | - Tiantian Kong
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Neurological Disorder Research, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830063, China
| | - Yan Wu
- Beijing Hui-Long-Guan Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, 100096, China
| | - Yimin Kang
- Medical Neurobiology Lab, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Huhhot, 010110, China.
| | - Yanlong Liu
- School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China.
| | - Fan Wang
- Beijing Hui-Long-Guan Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, 100096, China.
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Neurological Disorder Research, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830063, China.
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17
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Luan B, Tian X, Wang C, Cao M, Liu D. Association between body mass index and mental health among nurses: a cross-sectional study in China. BMC Health Serv Res 2024; 24:506. [PMID: 38654347 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-024-11006-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To examine the correlation between body mass index (BMI) and mental well-being in Chinese nurses during the COVID-19 epidemic. METHOD This study was conducted in a tertiary hospital using a cross-sectional design. A total of 2,811 nurses were enlisted at Shengjing Hospital in China during the period from March to April, 2022. Information was gathered through a questionnaire that individuals completed themselves. The mental health of the participants was assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 and the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Assessment-7. Binary logistic regression was used to calculate adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and their corresponding 95% confidence intervals. RESULTS The prevalence of nurses experiencing depression and anxiety was 7.8% (219) and 6.7% (189), respectively. Regarding depression after adjustment, the odds ratios (ORs) for each quartile, compared to the lowest quartile, were as follows: 0.91 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.53, 1.56), 2.28 (95% CI: 0.98, 3.77), and 2.32 (95% CI: 1.41, 3.83). The p-value for trend was found to be 0.001. The odds ratios (ORs) for anxiety after adjustment were 2.39 (0.83, 4.36), 4.46 (0.51, 7.93), and 2.81 (1.56, 5.08) when comparing the highest quartiles to the lowest quartile. The p-value for trend was 0.009. CONCLUSION This study found a positive association between BMI and poor mental health among nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic, particularly in those who were overweight or obesity. The findings could assist in developing interventions and help policy-makers establish appropriate strategies to support the mental health of frontline nurses, especially those who are overweight or obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bonan Luan
- Department of Operating Room, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, P.R. China
| | - Xueyan Tian
- Department of Urology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 36 Sanhao Street, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110004, P.R. China
| | - Chao Wang
- Department of Urology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 36 Sanhao Street, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110004, P.R. China
| | - Ming Cao
- Department of Urology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 36 Sanhao Street, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110004, P.R. China
| | - Dongmei Liu
- Department of Urology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 36 Sanhao Street, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110004, P.R. China.
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18
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García-Estela A, Angarita-Osorio N, Holzhausen MC, Mora-Salgueiro J, Pérez V, Duarte E, Faulkner G, Colom F. Evaluating the effect of exercise-based interventions on functioning in people with transdiagnostic depressive symptoms: A systematic review of randomised controlled trials. J Affect Disord 2024; 351:231-242. [PMID: 38278328 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.01.191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depressive symptoms are associated with various conditions and can exacerbate the outcome of somatic diseases. Transdiagnostic symptom-based approaches provide treatment flexibility, and exercise has demonstrated benefits beyond clinical symptoms. This work aimed to synthesise and establish the effects of exercise-based interventions on global functioning and quality of life in adults with transdiagnostic depressive symptoms, as well as their impact on clinical symptoms. METHODS A systematic review was conducted following PRISMA guidelines. PubMed, Scopus and PsycINFO databases were searched from inception to April 2023. Eligibility criteria included randomised controlled trials involving adults with transdiagnostic depressive symptoms who received exercise-based interventions and provided details of the interventions. Comparators included treatment as usual or other active control groups. The Cochrane quality assessment tool was used for quality assessment. RESULTS Fifteen articles involving 2064 participants were included. Data on study design, sample, intervention characteristics, and outcomes were extracted. Several trials demonstrated the expected positive effects of exercise on functioning (7/15). Most results supported the benefits of adjunctive exercise interventions on illness outcomes. LIMITATIONS The studies had methodological limitations, including small sample sizes and an underrepresentation of somatic diseases. CONCLUSIONS The functional consequences of exercise-based interventions targeting depressive symptoms are often understudied. Incorporating exercise routinely as an add-on treatment for transdiagnostic depressive symptoms could improve overall functioning, quality of life, and symptom severity. There is a need to expand the focus of exercise-based interventions to incorporate functional outcomes. Future research should address the methodological limitations and include a wider range of participants, including those with somatic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aitana García-Estela
- Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Mental Health Research Group, Hospital del Mar Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain; Centre for Biomedical Research in Mental Health Network (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Natalia Angarita-Osorio
- Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Mental Health Research Group, Hospital del Mar Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain; Centre for Biomedical Research in Mental Health Network (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Marlene Charlotte Holzhausen
- Mental Health Research Group, Hospital del Mar Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Psychology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Carl von Ossietzky University, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Javier Mora-Salgueiro
- Consumer and Psychology Unit, Faculty of Psychology, University of Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Víctor Pérez
- Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Mental Health Research Group, Hospital del Mar Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain; Centre for Biomedical Research in Mental Health Network (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain; Institute of Neuropsychiatry and Addictions, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Esther Duarte
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Department, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain; Rehabilitation Research Group, Hospital del Mar Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Guy Faulkner
- School of Kinesiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Francesc Colom
- Mental Health Research Group, Hospital del Mar Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain; Centre for Biomedical Research in Mental Health Network (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain; Institute of Neuropsychiatry and Addictions, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Basic, Evolutive and Education Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
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19
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Nusslock R, Alloy LB, Brody GH, Miller GE. Annual Research Review: Neuroimmune network model of depression: a developmental perspective. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2024; 65:538-567. [PMID: 38426610 PMCID: PMC11090270 DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.13961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Depression is a serious public health problem, and adolescence is an 'age of risk' for the onset of Major Depressive Disorder. Recently, we and others have proposed neuroimmune network models that highlight bidirectional communication between the brain and the immune system in both mental and physical health, including depression. These models draw on research indicating that the cellular actors (particularly monocytes) and signaling molecules (particularly cytokines) that orchestrate inflammation in the periphery can directly modulate the structure and function of the brain. In the brain, inflammatory activity heightens sensitivity to threats in the cortico-amygdala circuit, lowers sensitivity to rewards in the cortico-striatal circuit, and alters executive control and emotion regulation in the prefrontal cortex. When dysregulated, and particularly under conditions of chronic stress, inflammation can generate feelings of dysphoria, distress, and anhedonia. This is proposed to initiate unhealthy, self-medicating behaviors (e.g. substance use, poor diet) to manage the dysphoria, which further heighten inflammation. Over time, dysregulation in these brain circuits and the inflammatory response may compound each other to form a positive feedback loop, whereby dysregulation in one organ system exacerbates the other. We and others suggest that this neuroimmune dysregulation is a dynamic joint vulnerability for depression, particularly during adolescence. We have three goals for the present paper. First, we extend neuroimmune network models of mental and physical health to generate a developmental framework of risk for the onset of depression during adolescence. Second, we examine how a neuroimmune network perspective can help explain the high rates of comorbidity between depression and other psychiatric disorders across development, and multimorbidity between depression and stress-related medical illnesses. Finally, we consider how identifying neuroimmune pathways to depression can facilitate a 'next generation' of behavioral and biological interventions that target neuroimmune signaling to treat, and ideally prevent, depression in youth and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Nusslock
- Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, Evanston IL, USA
- Institute for Policy Research, Northwestern University, Evanston IL, USA
| | - Lauren B. Alloy
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA. USA
| | - Gene H. Brody
- Center for Family Research, University of Georgia, Athens GA, USA
| | - Gregory E. Miller
- Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, Evanston IL, USA
- Institute for Policy Research, Northwestern University, Evanston IL, USA
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20
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Cao Y, Sun H, Lizano P, Deng G, Zhou X, Xie H, Mu J, Long X, Xiao H, Liu S, Wu B, Gong Q, Qiu C, Jia Z. Effects of inflammation, childhood adversity, and psychiatric symptoms on brain morphometrical phenotypes in bipolar II depression. Psychol Med 2024; 54:775-784. [PMID: 37671675 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291723002477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The neuroanatomical alteration in bipolar II depression (BDII-D) and its associations with inflammation, childhood adversity, and psychiatric symptoms are currently unclear. We hypothesize that neuroanatomical deficits will be related to higher inflammation, greater childhood adversity, and worse psychiatric symptoms in BDII-D. METHODS Voxel- and surface-based morphometry was performed using the CAT toolbox in 150 BDII-D patients and 155 healthy controls (HCs). Partial Pearson correlations followed by multiple comparison correction was used to indicate significant relationships between neuroanatomy and inflammation, childhood adversity, and psychiatric symptoms. RESULTS Compared with HCs, the BDII-D group demonstrated significantly smaller gray matter volumes (GMVs) in frontostriatal and fronto-cerebellar area, insula, rectus, and temporal gyrus, while significantly thinner cortices were found in frontal and temporal areas. In BDII-D, smaller GMV in the right middle frontal gyrus (MFG) was correlated with greater sexual abuse (r = -0.348, q < 0.001) while larger GMV in the right orbital MFG was correlated with greater physical neglect (r = 0.254, q = 0.03). Higher WBC count (r = -0.227, q = 0.015) and IL-6 levels (r = -0.266, q = 0.015) was associated with smaller GMVs in fronto-cerebellar area in BDII-D. Greater positive symptoms was correlated with larger GMVs of the left middle temporal pole (r = 0.245, q = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS Neuroanatomical alterations in frontostriatal and fronto-cerebellar area, insula, rectus, temporal gyrus volumes, and frontal-temporal thickness may reflect a core pathophysiological mechanism of BDII-D, which are related to inflammation, trauma, and psychiatric symptoms in BDII-D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Cao
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P.R. China
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Jena University Hospital, Jena 07743, Germany
- Department of Radiology and Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P.R. China
| | - Huan Sun
- Mental Health Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Sichuan Clinical Medical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Chengdu 610041, P.R. China
| | - Paulo Lizano
- The Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- The Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Gaoju Deng
- Mental Health Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Sichuan Clinical Medical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Chengdu 610041, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoqin Zhou
- Department of Clinical Research Management, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P.R. China
| | - Hongsheng Xie
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P.R. China
- Department of Radiology and Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P.R. China
| | - Jingshi Mu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P.R. China
- Department of Radiology and Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P.R. China
| | - Xipeng Long
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P.R. China
- Department of Radiology and Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P.R. China
| | - Hongqi Xiao
- Mental Health Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Sichuan Clinical Medical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Chengdu 610041, P.R. China
| | - Shiyu Liu
- Mental Health Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Sichuan Clinical Medical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Chengdu 610041, P.R. China
| | - Baolin Wu
- Department of Radiology and Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P.R. China
| | - Qiyong Gong
- Department of Radiology and Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P.R. China
- Department of Radiology, West China Xiamen Hospital of Sichuan University, Xiamen 361021, P.R. China
| | - Changjian Qiu
- Mental Health Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Sichuan Clinical Medical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Chengdu 610041, P.R. China
| | - Zhiyun Jia
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P.R. China
- Department of Radiology and Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P.R. China
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Mosili P, Mkhize BC, Sibiya NH, Ngubane PS, Khathi A. Review of the direct and indirect effects of hyperglycemia on the HPA axis in T2DM and the co-occurrence of depression. BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care 2024; 12:e003218. [PMID: 38413177 PMCID: PMC10900365 DOI: 10.1136/bmjdrc-2022-003218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is characterized by persistent hyperglycemia which is further associated with hyperactivity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. Several studies have shown that HPA axis hyperactivity is heightened in the chronic hyperglycemic state with severe hyperglycemic events more likely to result in a depressive disorder. The HPA axis is also regulated by the immune system. Upon stress, under homeostatic conditions, the immune system is activated via the sympatho-adrenal-medullary axis resulting in an immune response which secretes proinflammatory cytokines. These cytokines aid in the activation of the HPA axis during stress. However, in T2DM, where there is persistent hyperglycemia, the immune system is dysregulated resulting in the elevated concentrations of these cytokines. The HPA axis, already activated by the hyperglycemia, is further activated by the cytokines which all contribute to a diagnosis of depression in patients with T2DM. However, the onset of T2DM is often preceded by pre-diabetes, a reversible state of moderate hyperglycemia and insulin resistance. Complications often seen in T2DM have been reported to begin in the pre-diabetic state. While the current management strategies have been shown to ameliorate the moderate hyperglycemic state and decrease the risk of developing T2DM, research is necessary for clinical studies to profile these direct effects of moderate hyperglycemia in pre-diabetes on the HPA axis and the indirect effects moderate hyperglycemia may have on the HPA axis by investigating the components of the immune system that play a role in regulating this pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Palesa Mosili
- Human Physiology, University of KwaZulu-Natal College of Health Sciences, Durban, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
| | - Bongeka Cassandra Mkhize
- Human Physiology, University of KwaZulu-Natal College of Health Sciences, Durban, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
| | | | - Phikelelani Sethu Ngubane
- Human Physiology, University of KwaZulu-Natal College of Health Sciences, Durban, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
| | - Andile Khathi
- Human Physiology, University of KwaZulu-Natal College of Health Sciences, Durban, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
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22
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Bernhardsen GP, Thomas O, Mäntyselkä P, Niskanen L, Vanhala M, Koponen H, Lehto SM. Metabolites and depressive symptoms: Network- and longitudinal analyses from the Finnish Depression and Metabolic Syndrome in Adults (FDMSA) Study. J Affect Disord 2024; 347:199-209. [PMID: 38000471 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.11.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression is associated with metabolic abnormalities linked to metabolic syndrome and tissue inflammation, but the interplay between metabolic markers and their association with subsequent depression is unknown. Therefore, we aimed to describe the network of metabolites and their prospective association with depressive symptoms. METHODS The Finnish Depression and Metabolic Syndrome in Adults (FDMSA) cohort, originally a prospective case-control study, comprised a group with Beck Depression Inventory (BDI)-I scores ≥10 at baseline, and controls (n = 319, BDI-I < 10); mean (sd) follow-up time: 7.4 (0.7) years. Serum metabolic biomarkers were determined by proton nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and depressive symptoms sum-score by using the BDI-I. We examined the prospective associations between metabolites at baseline and BDI score at follow-up utilizing multivariate linear regression, parsimonious predictions models and network analysis. RESULTS Some metabolites tended to be either negatively (e.g. histidine) or positively associated (e.g. glycoprotein acetylation, creatinine and triglycerides in very large high density lipoproteins [XL-HDL-TG]) with depressive symptoms. None of the associations were significant after correction for multiple testing. The network analysis suggested high correlation among the metabolites, but that none of the metabolites directly influenced subsequent depressive symptoms. LIMITATIONS Although the sample size may be considered satisfactory in a prospective context, we cannot exclude the possibility that our study was underpowered. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that the investigated metabolic biomarkers are not a driving force in the development of depressive symptoms. These findings should be confirmed in studies with larger samples and studies that account for the heterogeneity of depressive disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guro Pauck Bernhardsen
- Department of Research and Development, Division of Mental Health Services, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway.
| | - Owen Thomas
- Division of Research and Innovation, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Pekka Mäntyselkä
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, General Practice, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; Clinical Research and Trials Centre, Kuopio University Hospital, Wellbeing Services County of North Savo, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Leo Niskanen
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, General Practice, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; Departments of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology/Diabetology, Päijät-Häme Central Hospital, Lahti, Finland; Eira Medical Center and Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mauno Vanhala
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, General Practice, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Hannu Koponen
- Psychiatry, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Soili M Lehto
- Department of Research and Development, Division of Mental Health Services, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway; Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Psychiatry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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23
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Cui L, Li S, Wang S, Wu X, Liu Y, Yu W, Wang Y, Tang Y, Xia M, Li B. Major depressive disorder: hypothesis, mechanism, prevention and treatment. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2024; 9:30. [PMID: 38331979 PMCID: PMC10853571 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-024-01738-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Worldwide, the incidence of major depressive disorder (MDD) is increasing annually, resulting in greater economic and social burdens. Moreover, the pathological mechanisms of MDD and the mechanisms underlying the effects of pharmacological treatments for MDD are complex and unclear, and additional diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for MDD still are needed. The currently widely accepted theories of MDD pathogenesis include the neurotransmitter and receptor hypothesis, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis hypothesis, cytokine hypothesis, neuroplasticity hypothesis and systemic influence hypothesis, but these hypothesis cannot completely explain the pathological mechanism of MDD. Even it is still hard to adopt only one hypothesis to completely reveal the pathogenesis of MDD, thus in recent years, great progress has been made in elucidating the roles of multiple organ interactions in the pathogenesis MDD and identifying novel therapeutic approaches and multitarget modulatory strategies, further revealing the disease features of MDD. Furthermore, some newly discovered potential pharmacological targets and newly studied antidepressants have attracted widespread attention, some reagents have even been approved for clinical treatment and some novel therapeutic methods such as phototherapy and acupuncture have been discovered to have effective improvement for the depressive symptoms. In this work, we comprehensively summarize the latest research on the pathogenesis and diagnosis of MDD, preventive approaches and therapeutic medicines, as well as the related clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lulu Cui
- Department of Forensic Analytical Toxicology, School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Forensic Bio-evidence Sciences, Shenyang, China
- China Medical University Centre of Forensic Investigation, Shenyang, China
| | - Shu Li
- Department of Forensic Analytical Toxicology, School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Forensic Bio-evidence Sciences, Shenyang, China
- China Medical University Centre of Forensic Investigation, Shenyang, China
| | - Siman Wang
- Department of Forensic Analytical Toxicology, School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Forensic Bio-evidence Sciences, Shenyang, China
- China Medical University Centre of Forensic Investigation, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiafang Wu
- Department of Forensic Analytical Toxicology, School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Forensic Bio-evidence Sciences, Shenyang, China
- China Medical University Centre of Forensic Investigation, Shenyang, China
| | - Yingyu Liu
- Department of Forensic Analytical Toxicology, School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Forensic Bio-evidence Sciences, Shenyang, China
- China Medical University Centre of Forensic Investigation, Shenyang, China
| | - Weiyang Yu
- Department of Forensic Analytical Toxicology, School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Forensic Bio-evidence Sciences, Shenyang, China
- China Medical University Centre of Forensic Investigation, Shenyang, China
| | - Yijun Wang
- Department of Forensic Analytical Toxicology, School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Forensic Bio-evidence Sciences, Shenyang, China
- China Medical University Centre of Forensic Investigation, Shenyang, China
| | - Yong Tang
- International Joint Research Centre on Purinergic Signalling/Key Laboratory of Acupuncture for Senile Disease (Chengdu University of TCM), Ministry of Education/School of Health and Rehabilitation, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine/Acupuncture and Chronobiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Maosheng Xia
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
| | - Baoman Li
- Department of Forensic Analytical Toxicology, School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
- Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Forensic Bio-evidence Sciences, Shenyang, China.
- China Medical University Centre of Forensic Investigation, Shenyang, China.
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24
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Luqman A, He M, Hassan A, Ullah M, Zhang L, Rashid Khan M, Din AU, Ullah K, Wang W, Wang G. Mood and microbes: a comprehensive review of intestinal microbiota's impact on depression. Front Psychiatry 2024; 15:1295766. [PMID: 38404464 PMCID: PMC10884216 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1295766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Depression is considered a multifaceted and intricate mental disorder of growing concern due to its significant impact on global health issues. The human gut microbiota, also known as the "second brain," has an important role in the CNS by regulating it through chemical, immunological, hormonal, and neurological processes. Various studies have found a significant bidirectional link between the brain and the gut, emphasizing the onset of depression therapies. The biological and molecular processes underlying depression and microbiota are required, as the bidirectional association may represent a novel study. However, profound insights into the stratification and diversity of the gut microbiota are still uncommon. This article investigates the emerging evidence of a bacterial relationship between the gut and the brain's neurological system and its potential pathogenicity and relevance. The interplay of microbiota, immune system, nervous system neurotransmitter synthesis, and neuroplasticity transitions is also widely studied. The consequences of stress, dietary fibers, probiotics, prebiotics, and antibiotics on the GB axis are being studied. Multiple studies revealed the processes underlying this axis and led to the development of effective microbiota-based drugs for both prevention and treatment. Therefore, the results support the hypothesis that gut microbiota influences depression and provide a promising area of research for an improved knowledge of the etiology of the disease and future therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ameer Luqman
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implant, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Mei He
- Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Adil Hassan
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implant, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Nano/Micro Composite Materials and Devices, Chongqing University of Science and Technology, Chongqing, China
- JinFeng Laboratory, Chongqing, China
| | - Mehtab Ullah
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implant, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | | | - Muhammad Rashid Khan
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implant, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ahmad Ud Din
- Plants for Human Health Institute, Department of Food, Bioprocessing and Nutrition Sciences, North Carolina State University, Kannapolis, NC, United States
| | - Kamran Ullah
- Department of Biology, The University of Haripur, Haripur, Pakistan
| | - Wei Wang
- Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Guixue Wang
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implant, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
- JinFeng Laboratory, Chongqing, China
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25
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Moilanen P, Liukkonen T, Jokelainen J, Keinänen-Kiukaanniemi S, Puukka K, Timonen M, Auvinen J, Eskola P. Cross-sectional analysis of depressive symptom profiles and serum C-reactive protein levels: data from the Northern Finland 1966 birth cohort. Nord J Psychiatry 2024; 78:95-102. [PMID: 37905346 DOI: 10.1080/08039488.2023.2274341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Individuals with depression exhibit significantly higher levels of systemic inflammation than those without depression, particularly among those with atypical depression. However, this association has been less convincing at the population level among individuals without a formal depression diagnosis but with suggestive symptoms. Our aim was to clarify this association. MATERIALS AND METHODS In a large birth cohort sample of the Finnish general population, we examined the cross-sectional association between high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) levels in venous blood samples and atypical/non-atypical depressive symptoms using the Beck Depression Inventory-II to screen 5443 middle-aged participants. RESULTS As expected, depressive symptoms associated to elevated hsCRP-levels compared to non-depressed. Participants with the atypical subtype of depressive symptoms (n = 84) had an odds ratio (OR) of 2.59 (95% CI 1.40-4.81) for elevated hsCRP levels compared to the non-depressed group. Similarly, our findings indicate that participants with non-atypical symptoms (n = 440) also showed an OR of 1.42 (95% CI 1.05-1.92) when compared to the non-depressed group (n = 4919). CONCLUSIONS These results provide additional support for previous research linking depression and inflammation and add to the field with a unique and sizeable study population. Furthermore, the current results support the notion that different types of depressive symptoms may be associated with inflammatory markers in slightly different ways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauli Moilanen
- Research Unit of Population Health, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Timo Liukkonen
- Research Unit of Population Health, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Psychiatry, Savonlinna Central Hospital, Savonlinna, Finland
| | - Jari Jokelainen
- Research Unit of Population Health, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Unit of Primary Care, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Sirkka Keinänen-Kiukaanniemi
- Research Unit of Population Health, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Unit of Primary Care, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
- The Wellbeing Services County of North Ostrobothnia (Pohde), Oulu, Finland
| | - Katri Puukka
- NordLab Oulu, Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and Department of Clinical Chemistry, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Markku Timonen
- Research Unit of Population Health, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Unit of Primary Care, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
- The Wellbeing Services County of North Ostrobothnia (Pohde), Oulu, Finland
| | - Juha Auvinen
- Research Unit of Population Health, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- The Wellbeing Services County of North Ostrobothnia (Pohde), Oulu, Finland
- Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Pasi Eskola
- Research Unit of Population Health, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- The Wellbeing Services County of North Ostrobothnia (Pohde), Oulu, Finland
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26
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Liu X, Li Y, Gu M, Xu T, Wang C, Chang P. Radiation enteropathy-related depression: A neglectable course of disease by gut bacterial dysbiosis. Cancer Med 2024; 13:e6865. [PMID: 38457257 PMCID: PMC10923036 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.6865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Radiation enteropathy (RE) is common in patients treated with radiotherapy for pelvic-abdominal cancers. Accumulating data indicate that gut commensal bacteria determine intestinal radiosensitivity. Radiotherapy can result in gut bacterial dysbiosis. Gut bacterial dysbiosis contributes to the pathogenesis of RE. Mild to moderate depressive symptoms can be observed in patients with RE in clinical settings; however, the rate of these symptoms has not been reported. Studies have demonstrated that gut bacterial dysbiosis induces depression. In the state of comorbidity, RE and depression may be understood as local and abscopal manifestations of gut bacterial disorders. The ability of comorbid depression to worsen inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has long been demonstrated and is associated with dysfunction of cholinergic neural anti-inflammatory pathways. There is a lack of direct evidence for RE comorbid with depression. It is widely accepted that RE shares similar pathophysiologic mechanisms with IBD. Therefore, we may be able to draw on the findings of the relationship between IBD and depression. This review will explore the relationship between gut bacteria, RE, and depression in light of the available evidence and indicate a method for investigating the mechanisms of RE combined with depression. We will also describe new developments in the treatment of RE with probiotics, prebiotics, and fecal microbial transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinliang Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology and TherapyThe First Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology and TherapyThe First Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Meichen Gu
- Department of Radiation Oncology and TherapyThe First Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Tiankai Xu
- Department of Radiation Oncology and TherapyThe First Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Chuanlei Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, General Surgery CenterThe First Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Pengyu Chang
- Department of Radiation Oncology and TherapyThe First Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchunChina
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27
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Ye T, Zhou Y, Yang J, Yu F, Song Z, Shi J, Wang L, Huang Z, Yang B, Wang X. P2X7 receptor inhibition prevents atrial fibrillation in rodent models of depression. Europace 2024; 26:euae022. [PMID: 38261756 PMCID: PMC10873709 DOI: 10.1093/europace/euae022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
AIMS Depression, the most prevalent psychiatric disorder, is associated with the occurrence and development of atrial fibrillation (AF). P2X7 receptor (P2X7R) activation participates in the development of depression, but little attention has been given to its role in AF. This study was to investigate the effects of P2X7R on AF in depression models. METHODS AND RESULTS Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and chronic unpredictable stress (CUS) were carried out to induce depression in rodents. Behavioural assessments, atrial electrophysiological parameters, electrocardiogram (ECG) parameters, western blot, and histology were performed. Atrial fibrillation inducibility was increased in both LPS- and CUS-induced depression, along with the up-regulation of P2X7R in atria. CUS facilitated atrial fibrosis. CUS reduced heart rate variability (HRV) and increased the expression of TH and GAP43, representing autonomic dysfunction. Down-regulation of Nav1.5, Cav1.2, Kv1.5, Kv4.3, Cx40, and Cx43 in CUS indicated the abnormalities in ion channels. In addition, the expression levels of TLR4, P65, P-P65, NLRP3, ASC, caspase-1, and IL-1β were elevated in depression models. Pharmacological inhibitor (Brilliant Blue G, BBG) or genetic deficiency of P2X7R significantly mitigated depressive-like behaviours; ameliorated electrophysiological deterioration and autonomic dysfunction; improved ion channel expression and atrial fibrosis; and prevented atrial NLRP3 inflammasome activation in the pathophysiological process of AF in depression models. CONCLUSION LPS or CUS induces AF and promotes P2X7R-dependent activation of NLRP3 inflammasome, whereas pharmacological P2X7R inhibition or P2X7R genetic deficiency prevents atrial remodelling without interrupting normal atrial physiological functions. Our results point to P2X7R as an important factor in the pathology of AF in depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianxin Ye
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, #79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310003, PR China
| | - Yunping Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, #79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310003, PR China
| | - Jinxiu Yang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, #79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310003, PR China
| | - Fangcong Yu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, #79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310003, PR China
| | - Zhuonan Song
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, #79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310003, PR China
| | - Jiaran Shi
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, #79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310003, PR China
| | - Longbo Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, #79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310003, PR China
| | - Zhouqing Huang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 2 Fuxue Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province 325000, PR China
| | - Bo Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 238 Jiefang Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan 430060, PR China
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, 238 Jiefang Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan 430060, PR China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan 430060, PR China
| | - Xingxiang Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, #79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310003, PR China
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28
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Hanafy KA, Jovin TG. Brain FADE syndrome: the final common pathway of chronic inflammation in neurological disease. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1332776. [PMID: 38304427 PMCID: PMC10830639 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1332776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Importance While the understanding of inflammation in the pathogenesis of many neurological diseases is now accepted, this special commentary addresses the need to study chronic inflammation in the propagation of cognitive Fog, Asthenia, and Depression Related to Inflammation which we name Brain FADE syndrome. Patients with Brain FADE syndrome fall in the void between neurology and psychiatry because the depression, fatigue, and fog seen in these patients are not idiopathic, but instead due to organic, inflammation involved in neurological disease initiation. Observations A review of randomized clinical trials in stroke, multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's disease, COVID, traumatic brain injury, and Alzheimer's disease reveal a paucity of studies with any component of Brain FADE syndrome as a primary endpoint. Furthermore, despite the relatively well-accepted notion that inflammation is a critical driving factor in these disease pathologies, none have connected chronic inflammation to depression, fatigue, or fog despite over half of the patients suffering from them. Conclusions and relevance Brain FADE Syndrome is important and prevalent in the neurological diseases we examined. Classical "psychiatric medications" are insufficient to address Brain FADE Syndrome and a novel approach that utilizes sequential targeting of innate and adaptive immune responses should be studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalid A Hanafy
- Cooper Neurological Institute and Cooper Medical School at Rowan University, Camden, NJ, United States
- Center for Neuroinflammation at Cooper Medical School at Rowan University, Camden, NJ, United States
| | - Tudor G Jovin
- Cooper Neurological Institute and Cooper Medical School at Rowan University, Camden, NJ, United States
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29
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Pastis I, Santos MG, Paruchuri A. Exploring the role of inflammation in major depressive disorder: beyond the monoamine hypothesis. Front Behav Neurosci 2024; 17:1282242. [PMID: 38299049 PMCID: PMC10829100 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2023.1282242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Major depressive disorder affects approximately 8.4% of the United States population. The World Health Organization estimates that 280 million adults worldwide are suffering from depression. They have estimated that by 2030 it will be the second most serious condition. Current treatment relies on the monoamine hypothesis, however, one-third of patients with MDD do not respond to monoamine-based antidepressants. For years, it was hypothesized that the primary pathway of MDD involved serotonin as the main neurotransmitter. The monoamine hypothesis, a widely accepted theory, sought to explain the biological basis of MDD as being caused by the depletion of monoamine neurotransmitters, namely norepinephrine and serotonin. This hypothesis regarding monoamines as the pathophysiological basis of MDD led to the design and widespread use of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors. However, given that only one-third of patients improve with SSRI it is reasonable to infer that the pathway involved is more complex than once hypothesized and there are more neurotransmitters, receptors, and molecules involved. The monoamine hypothesis does not explain why there is a delay in the onset of effect and action of SSRIs. Several studies have demonstrated that chronic stress is a risk factor for the development of MDD. Thus the monoamine hypothesis alone is not enough to fully account for the pathophysiology of MDD highlighting the need for further research involving the pathways of MDD. In this paper, we review the role of inflammation and cytokines on MDD and discuss other pathways involved in the development and persistence of depressive symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Pastis
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, United States
| | - Melody G. Santos
- Internal Medicine and Psychiatry Combined Program, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, United States
| | - Akshita Paruchuri
- East Carolina University Brody School of Medicine, Greenville, NC, United States
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30
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Shubhangi, Nandi I, Rai SK, Chandra P. MOF-based nanocomposites as transduction matrices for optical and electrochemical sensing. Talanta 2024; 266:125124. [PMID: 37657374 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.125124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
Abstract
Metal Organic Frameworks (MOFs), a class of crystalline microporous materials have been into research limelight lately due to their commendable physio-chemical properties and easy fabrication methods. They have enormous surface area which can be a working ground for innumerable molecule adhesions and site for potential sensor matrices. Their biocompatibility makes them valuable for in vitro detection systems but a compromised conductivity requires a lot of surface engineering of these molecules for their usage in electrochemical biosensors. However, they are not just restricted to a single type of transduction system rather can also be modified to achieve feat as optical (colorimetry, luminescence) and electro-luminescent biosensors. This review emphasizes on recent advancements in the area of MOF-based biosensors with focus on various MOF synthesis methods and their general properties along with selective attention to electrochemical, optical and opto-electrochemical hybrid biosensors. It also summarizes MOF-based biosensors for monitoring free radicals, metal ions, small molecules, macromolecules and cells in a wide range of real matrices. Extensive tables have been included for understanding recent trends in the field of MOF-composite probe fabrication. The article sums up the future scope of these materials in the field of biosensors and enlightens the reader with recent trends for future research scope.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubhangi
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Laboratory (BHU) Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, 221005, India; Laboratory of Bio-Physio Sensors and Nanobioengineering, School of Biochemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU) Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, 221005, India
| | - Indrani Nandi
- Laboratory of Bio-Physio Sensors and Nanobioengineering, School of Biochemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU) Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, 221005, India
| | - S K Rai
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Laboratory (BHU) Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, 221005, India
| | - Pranjal Chandra
- Laboratory of Bio-Physio Sensors and Nanobioengineering, School of Biochemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU) Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, 221005, India.
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31
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Kuring JK, Mathias JL, Ward L, Tachas G. Inflammatory markers in persons with clinically-significant depression, anxiety or PTSD: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Psychiatr Res 2023; 168:279-292. [PMID: 37931509 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2023.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression, anxiety and PTSD appear to be risk factors for dementia, but it is unclear whether they are causal or prodromal. The inflammatory-mediated neurodegeneration hypothesis suggests a causal link, proposing that mental illness is associated with an inflammatory response which, in turn, triggers neurodegenerative changes that lead to dementia. Existing meta-analyses have yet to examine inflammatory markers in depression, anxiety or PTSD with the view to exploring the inflammatory-mediated neurodegeneration hypothesis. The current meta-analysis therefore examined whether: a) depression, anxiety and PTSD are individually associated with inflammation, independently of comorbid mental illnesses and physical health problems with known inflammatory responses, and b) there are any similarities in the inflammatory profiles of these disorders in order to provide a basis for exploring inflammation in people with dementia who have a history of clinically-significant anxiety, depression or PTSD. METHODS PubMed, EMBASE, PsycINFO and CINAHL searches identified 64 eligible studies. RESULTS Depression is associated with an inflammatory response, with tentative evidence to suggest anxiety and PTSD are also associated with inflammation. However, the specific response may differ across these disorders. LIMITATIONS The data for anxiety, PTSD and multiple inflammatory markers were limited. CONCLUSIONS Depression, anxiety, and PTSD each appear to be associated with an inflammatory response in persons who do not have comorbid mental or physical health problems that are known to be associated with inflammation. Whether this inflammatory response underlies the increased risk of dementia in persons with a history of depression and anxiety, and possibly PTSD, remains to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- J K Kuring
- Faculty of Health & Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - J L Mathias
- Faculty of Health & Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia.
| | - L Ward
- Faculty of Health & Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - G Tachas
- Antisense Therapeutics Ltd, Melbourne, Australia
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32
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Brock J, Basu N, Schlachetzki JCM, Schett G, McInnes IB, Cavanagh J. Immune mechanisms of depression in rheumatoid arthritis. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2023; 19:790-804. [PMID: 37923863 DOI: 10.1038/s41584-023-01037-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023]
Abstract
Depression is a common and disabling comorbidity in rheumatoid arthritis that not only decreases the likelihood of remission and treatment adherence but also increases the risk of disability and mortality in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Compelling data that link immune mechanisms to major depressive disorder indicate possible common mechanisms that drive the pathology of the two conditions. Preclinical evidence suggests that pro-inflammatory cytokines, which are prevalent in rheumatoid arthritis, have various effects on monoaminergic neurotransmission, neurotrophic factors and measures of synaptic plasticity. Neuroimaging studies provide insight into the consequences of inflammation on the brain (for example, on neural connectivity), and clinical trial data highlight the beneficial effects of immune modulation on comorbid depression. Major depressive disorder occurs more frequently in patients with rheumatoid arthritis than in the general population, and major depressive disorder also increases the risk of a future diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis, further highlighting the link between rheumatoid arthritis and major depressive disorder. This Review focuses on interactions between peripheral and central immunobiological mechanisms in the context of both rheumatoid arthritis and major depressive disorder. Understanding these mechanisms will provide a basis for future therapeutic development, not least in depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Brock
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Neil Basu
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | | | - Georg Schett
- Department of Internal Medicine 3-Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
- Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Iain B McInnes
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Jonathan Cavanagh
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
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33
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Haupt T, Elfving B, Eugen-Olsen J, Mors O, Köhler-Forsberg O. SuPAR in major depression: Association with 26 weeks antidepressant response and 10-year depression outcomes. Brain Behav Immun Health 2023; 33:100685. [PMID: 37731957 PMCID: PMC10507069 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbih.2023.100685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Inflammation has been associated with depression and differential antidepressant (AD) treatment response. Soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR) is a novel measure of chronic inflammation. We investigated whether suPAR is associated with depression severity and AD response. Methods We included 90 patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) who participated in a part-randomized clinical trial of 26 weeks of treatment with escitalopram or nortriptyline. suPAR levels were measured in serum samples collected at baseline and after 8, 12 and 26 weeks. Mixed effects models for the association between suPAR levels and AD response were performed. By merging with Danish nationwide registers, we included information on psychiatric hospital contacts during ten years after the GENDEP trial. Cox regression analyses calculated the hazard rate ratios between suPAR levels and subsequent hospitalizations. Results At baseline, higher suPAR levels were not associated with overall depression severity but with greater severity of neurovegetative depressive symptoms, specifically appetite and weight changes. 57 (63.3%) patients responded positively to treatment. Among 57 (63.3%) patients who achieved response, those who responded had significantly higher baseline suPAR levels levels, and response was associated with a significant decrease in suPAR during AD treatment. Remitters decreased from 3.1 ng/ml at baseline to 2.8 ng/ml after 26 weeks (p = 0.003) and responders from 3.0 to 2.8 ng/ml (p = 0.02), whereas non-remitters and non-responders showed unchanged suPAR levels. We found no correlation between a change in suPAR and a change in MADRS, but a lowering of suPAR correlated with a decrease in neurovegetative symptoms. We found no association between suPAR levels and 10-year risk for hospitalizations. Discussion The present study suggests that an elevated level of chronic inflammation, measured as the suPAR level, is associated with better response to AD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- T.H. Haupt
- Department of Clinical Research, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark
- Psychiatric Center Ballerup, Ballerup, Denmark
| | - B. Elfving
- Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit (TNU), Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - J. Eugen-Olsen
- Department of Clinical Research, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - O. Mors
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Psychosis Research Unit, Aarhus University Hospital - Psychiatry, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - O. Köhler-Forsberg
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Psychosis Research Unit, Aarhus University Hospital - Psychiatry, Aarhus, Denmark
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34
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Bidoki NH, Zera KA, Nassar H, Drag LL, Mlynash M, Osborn E, Musabbir M, Kim DE, Paula Mendez M, Lansberg MG, Aghaeepour N, Buckwalter MS. Machine learning models of plasma proteomic data predict mood in chronic stroke and tie it to aberrant peripheral immune responses. Brain Behav Immun 2023; 114:144-153. [PMID: 37557961 PMCID: PMC10792657 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2023.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Post-stroke depression is common, long-lasting and associated with severe morbidity and death, but mechanisms are not well-understood. We used a broad proteomics panel and developed a machine learning algorithm to determine whether plasma protein data can predict mood in people with chronic stroke, and to identify proteins and pathways associated with mood. We used Olink to measure 1,196 plasma proteins in 85 participants aged 25 and older who were between 5 months and 9 years after ischemic stroke. Mood was assessed with the Stroke Impact Scale mood questionnaire (SIS3). Machine learning multivariable regression models were constructed to estimate SIS3 using proteomics data, age, and time since stroke. We also dichotomized participants into better mood (SIS3 > 63) or worse mood (SIS3 ≤ 63) and analyzed candidate proteins. Machine learning models verified that there is indeed a relationship between plasma proteomic data and mood in chronic stroke, with the most accurate prediction of mood occurring when we add age and time since stroke. At the individual protein level, no single protein or set of proteins predicts mood. But by using univariate analyses of the proteins most highly associated with mood we produced a model of chronic post-stroke depression. We utilized the fact that this list contained many proteins that are also implicated in major depression. Also, over 80% of immune proteins that correlate with mood were higher with worse mood, implicating a broadly overactive immune system in chronic post-stroke depression. Finally, we used a comprehensive literature review of major depression and acute post-stroke depression. We propose that in chronic post-stroke depression there is over-activation of the immune response that then triggers changes in serotonin activity and neuronal plasticity leading to depressed mood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neda H Bidoki
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative, & Pain Medicine, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Kristy A Zera
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University Medical Center, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA
| | - Huda Nassar
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative, & Pain Medicine, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Lauren L Drag
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University Medical Center, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA; Stanford Stroke Recovery Program, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Michael Mlynash
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University Medical Center, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA; Stanford Stroke Recovery Program, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Elizabeth Osborn
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University Medical Center, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA; Stanford Stroke Recovery Program, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Muhith Musabbir
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University Medical Center, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA; Stanford Stroke Recovery Program, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Da Eun Kim
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University Medical Center, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA; Stanford Stroke Recovery Program, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Maria Paula Mendez
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University Medical Center, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA; Stanford Stroke Recovery Program, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Maarten G Lansberg
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University Medical Center, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA; Stanford Stroke Recovery Program, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Nima Aghaeepour
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative, & Pain Medicine, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Marion S Buckwalter
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University Medical Center, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA; Stanford Stroke Recovery Program, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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Tanrıkulu AB, Kaya H, Çatak Z. Elevated C-reactive protein/albumin ratio in patients with methamphetamine use disorder. Int J Psychiatry Clin Pract 2023; 27:351-358. [PMID: 37477597 DOI: 10.1080/13651501.2023.2237557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Methamphetamine use disorder causes significant crises, which have individual, familial, and social consequences. Identifying inflammatory biomarkers for methamphetamine use disorder may be useful for following the inflammatory status of patients in clinical assessment. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet/lymphocyte ratio (PLR), monocyte/lymphocyte ratio (MLR), C-reactive protein/albumin ratio (CAR) and neutrophil/albumin ratio (NAR) levels can be used as inflammatory biomarkers in methamphetamine use disorder. METHODS The sample comprised 139 treatment-seeking participants who met the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5) criteria for methamphetamine use disorder and 139 sociodemographically matched controls. Only hospitalised patients were included. An independent sample t-test, Pearson's correlation test, and binominal logistic regression analysis were performed. RESULTS CAR (p = 0.016) and NAR (p = 0.048) levels were significantly higher in individuals with methamphetamine use disorder when compared with healthy controls. The CAR level was found to be a significant predictor of group membership in regression analysis for methamphetamine use disorder. CONCLUSION CAR may be a potential inflammatory biomarker for patients with methamphetamine use disorder. CAR as a relatively easier-to-measure biomarker could be beneficial to follow the inflammatory status and treatment response of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Baran Tanrıkulu
- Psychiatry, Elazığ Mental Health and Diseases Hospital, Turkey Elazığ, Turkey
| | - Hilal Kaya
- Psychiatry, Elazığ Mental Health and Diseases Hospital, Turkey Elazığ, Turkey
| | - Zekiye Çatak
- Department of Biochemistry, Health Sciences University Elazığ Fethi Sekin City Hospital, Central Laboratory, Elazig, Turkey
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Clayborne ZM, Zou R, Gilman SE, Khandaker GM, Fell DB, Colman I, El Marroun H. Associations between prenatal maternal stress, maternal inflammation during pregnancy, and children's internalizing and externalizing symptoms throughout childhood. Brain Behav Immun 2023; 114:165-172. [PMID: 37607663 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2023.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maternal immune activation is a potential mechanism underlying associations between maternal stress during pregnancy and offspring mental health problems. This study examined associations between prenatal maternal stress, maternal inflammation during pregnancy, and children's internalizing and externalizing symptoms from 3 to 10 years of age, and whether maternal inflammation mediated the associations between prenatal maternal stress and children's internalizing and externalizing symptoms. METHODS This study comprised 4,902 mother-child dyads in the Generation R study. Prenatal maternal stress was assessed using self-reported data collected during pregnancy and analyzed as a latent variable consisting of four stress domains. Maternal inflammation during pregnancy was assessed using serum concentrations of C-reactive protein (CRP) measured at a median of 13.5 weeks' gestation. Child internalizing and externalizing symptoms were assessed using the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) by maternal report at ages 3 years, 5 years, and 10 years; paternal-reported CBCL data were also available at 3 years and 10 years. RESULTS Prenatal maternal stress was associated with maternal-reported internalizing and externalizing symptoms of the child at 3, 5, and 10 years of age, and with paternal-reported internalizing and externalizing symptoms at 3 and 10 years. Prenatal maternal stress was associated with maternal CRP concentrations prior to, but not after, covariate adjustment. Maternal CRP concentrations during pregnancy were associated with paternal-reported internalizing symptoms of offspring at 10 years of age prior to, but not after, covariate adjustment. There was no evidence that CRP concentrations mediated the associations between prenatal maternal stress and children's internalizing or externalizing symptoms. CONCLUSIONS Maternal stress during pregnancy is associated with higher levels of internalizing and externalizing symptoms in children, but this association is not because of differences in maternal immune activation linked to maternal stress. Replication of these findings in other cohorts is required; examination of other biomarkers or variation in immune activity during pregnancy would also benefit from further exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra M Clayborne
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
| | - Runyu Zou
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Stephen E Gilman
- Social and Behavioral Sciences Branch, Division of Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, MD, USA; Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Golam M Khandaker
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK; Centre for Academic Mental Health, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK; Avon and Wiltshire Mental Health Partnership NHS Trust, Bristol, UK
| | - Deshayne B Fell
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada; Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario (CHEO) Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Ian Colman
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Hanan El Marroun
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Psychology, Education and Child Studies, Erasmus School of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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Steptoe A, Frank P. Obesity and psychological distress. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2023; 378:20220225. [PMID: 37661745 PMCID: PMC10475872 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2022.0225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The relationship between high body weight and mental health has been studied for several decades. Improvements in the quality of epidemiological, mechanistic and psychological research have brought greater consistency to our understanding of the links. Large-scale population-based epidemiological research has established that high body weight is associated with poorer mental health, particularly depression and subclinical depressive symptoms. There is some evidence for bidirectional relationships, but the most convincing findings are that greater body weight leads to psychological distress rather than the reverse. Particular symptoms of depression and distress may be specifically related to greater body weight. The psychological stress induced by weight stigma and discrimination contributes to psychological distress, and may in turn handicap efforts at weight control. Heightened systemic inflammation and dysregulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis are biological mechanisms that mediate in part the relationship of greater body weight with poorer mental health. Changing negative societal attitudes to high body weights would improve the wellbeing of people living with obesity, and promote more effective weight-inclusive attitudes and behaviours in society at large, particularly in healthcare settings. This article is part of a discussion meeting issue 'Causes of obesity: theories, conjectures and evidence (Part II)'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Steptoe
- Department of Behavioural Science and Health, University College London, 1-19 Torrington Place, London WC1E BT, UK
| | - Philipp Frank
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, 1-19 Torrington Place, London WC1E BT, UK
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Zhu X, Zhao Y, Li L, Liu J, Huang Q, Wang S, Shu Y. Association of non-HDL-C and depression: a cross-sectional analysis of the NHANES data. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1274648. [PMID: 37928909 PMCID: PMC10623352 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1274648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL-C) has attracted attention because it is associated with a variety of diseases and is easy to measure. However, the relationship between non-HDL-C and depression is still unclear. Our aim was to assess the relationship between non-HDL-C and depression using the cross-sectional NHANES survey from 2005 to 2018. Methods We examined the association between non-HDL-C and depression using weighted multivariable logistic regression models and subgroup analysis. Sensitivity analysis demonstrated the robustness of the results. Results There were 42,143 participants in this study and 8.6% had depression (weighted 7.53%). Non-HDL-C was higher in participants with depression compared to those without depression (weighted mean 3.64 vs. 3.73, p < 0.01). There was a positive association between non-HDL-C and depression with a 95% OR of 1.22 adjusted for multifactorial (95% CI,1.03-1.45). In subgroup analyses, non-HDL-C was positively associated with depression in men (OR, 1.31; 95% CI, 1.01-1.70), normal BMI (OR: 0.93; 95% CI: 0.66-1.32) and in participants without hypertension (OR, 1.29; 95% CI, 1.01-1.66). Conclusion Non-HDL-C positively correlated with depression, and further research may be better for clinical service.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianlin Zhu
- Department of Clinical Psychology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, China
| | - Yiwen Zhao
- Department of Psychiatry, Linhai Kangning Hospital, Linhai, China
| | - Lu Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Linhai Kangning Hospital, Linhai, China
| | - Jiaoying Liu
- Graduate School of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
- Department of Psychiatry of Women and Children, The Second People's Hospital of Guizhou Province, Guivang, China
| | - Qiankun Huang
- Department of Psychology, Yichang Mental Health Center, Yichang, China
| | - Suhong Wang
- Department of Clinical Psychology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, China
| | - Yanping Shu
- Department of Psychiatry of Women and Children, The Second People's Hospital of Guizhou Province, Guivang, China
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Xu D, Gao LN, Song XJ, Dong QW, Chen YB, Cui YL, Wang Q. Enhanced antidepressant effects of BDNF-quercetin alginate nanogels for depression therapy. J Nanobiotechnology 2023; 21:379. [PMID: 37848975 PMCID: PMC10583373 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-023-02150-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) with neuronic development and function is a promising therapeutic agent for treating depressive disorder, according to the neurotrophin hypothesis. However, the delivery of BDNF into the brain is not easy as these large protein molecules cannot efficiently cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and easily suffer oxidative damage in vivo. Therefore, the quercetin-based alginate nanogels (quercetin nanogels) loaded with BDNF have been developed, which could efficiently bypass the BBB via the nose-to-brain pathway and protect BDNF from oxidative damage, providing an effective route for the therapy of depressive disorders by intranasal delivery. RESULTS Quercetin nanogels exhibited uniform size distribution, excellent biocompatibility, and potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. Quercetin nanogels in the thermosensitive gel achieved sustained and controlled release of BDNF with non-Fick's diffusion, exhibited rapid brain distribution, and achieved nearly 50-fold enhanced bioavailability compared to oral quercetin. Quercetin nanogels as a therapeutic drug delivery carrier exerted antidepressant effects on reserpine-induced rats, effectively delivered BDNF to reverse despair behavior in stress-induced mice, and exhibited antidepressant effects on chronic mild unpredictable stimulation (CUMS) rats. These antidepressant effects of BDNF-Quercetin nanogels for CUMS rats are associated with the regulation of the glutamatergic system, PI3K-Akt, and BDNF-TrkB signaling pathway. CONCLUSIONS In this study, we provide a promising strategy for brain delivery of BDNF for treating depressive disorders, effectively achieved through combining quercetin nanogels and intranasal administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
- Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Li-Na Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
- Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis, Treatment and Behavioral Interventions of Mental Disorders, Institute of Mental Health, College of Pharmacy, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, 272067, China
| | - Xu-Jiao Song
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
- Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Qin-Wei Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
- Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Yi-Bing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
- Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Yuan-Lu Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China.
- Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China.
| | - Qiangsong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Medical Materials and Devices, Engineering Research Center of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Technology and Device (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300192, China.
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Gui J, Han Z, Ding R, Yang X, Yang J, Luo H, Huang D, Wang L, Jiang L. Depression associated with dietary intake of flavonoids: An analysis of data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2007-2010. J Psychosom Res 2023; 173:111468. [PMID: 37611347 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2023.111468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Flavonoids may have a protective effect against depression. The purpose of this study was to examine whether flavonoid intake was associated with depression. METHODS This is an observational cross-sectional study. We evaluated a sample of 8183 adults from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), 2007-2010. The participants had an average age of 46.7 years, and 48.4% of them were male. Flavonoid intake was obtained through dietary recall interviews, and it included six subclasses: isoflavones, anthocyanidins, flavan-3-ols, flavanones, flavones, and flavonols. Depression was identified using the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9). Logistic regression was utilized to evaluate the association between flavonoid intake and depression. Restricted cubic splines (RCS) were utilized to investigate nonlinear associations. Differences between subgroups were explored. Mediation analysis was used to explore confounding/mediating factors. These models were adjusted for age, sex, race/ethnicity, poverty status, education, smoking status, alcohol consumption, BMI, energy intake, physical activity, and chronic diseases. RESULTS There were 765 individuals with depression (PHQ-9 score ≥ 10) in the sample. After adjusting for covariates, flavanones, flavones, and total flavonoid intake were associated with a lower likelihood of depression (OR (95% CI): 0.73(0.64,0.84); 0.36(0.21,0.63); 0.86(0.74,0.99), respectively). A significant inverse correlation was observed between flavonoid consumption and the somatic symptom score of the PHQ-9. We observed a stronger association between flavonoids and depression in non-Hispanic white groups. The relationship between the total flavonoid intake and depression was explained to some extent by sleep duration (13.8%). CONCLUSIONS Flavonoid intake was associated with lower odds of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianxiong Gui
- Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - Ziyao Han
- Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - Ran Ding
- Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - Xiaoyue Yang
- Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - Jiaxin Yang
- Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - Hanyu Luo
- Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - Dishu Huang
- Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - Lingman Wang
- Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - Li Jiang
- Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing 400014, China.
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Liwinski T, Lang UE. Folate and Its Significance in Depressive Disorders and Suicidality: A Comprehensive Narrative Review. Nutrients 2023; 15:3859. [PMID: 37686891 PMCID: PMC10490031 DOI: 10.3390/nu15173859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Depressive disorders pose significant challenges to global public health, necessitating effective prevention and management strategies. Notably, the occurrence of suicide frequently coincides with depressive episodes. Suicide is as a paramount global health concern that demands efficacious preventive strategies. Current psychiatric approaches heavily rely on pharmacological interventions but have had limited success in addressing the global burden of mental health issues. Suboptimal nutrition, with its impact on the neuroendocrine system, has been implicated in the underlying pathology of depressive disorders. Folate, a group of water-soluble compounds, plays a crucial role in various central nervous system functions. Depressed individuals often exhibit low levels of serum and red blood cell folate. Multiple studies and systematic reviews have investigated the efficacy of folic acid and its derivative, L-methylfolate, which can cross the blood-brain barrier, as stand-alone or adjunct therapies for depression. Although findings have been mixed, the available evidence generally supports the use of these compounds in depressed individuals. Recent studies have established links between the one-carbon cycle, folate-homocysteine balance, immune system function, glutamate excitation via NMDA (N-methyl-D-aspartate) receptors, and gut microbiome eubiosis in mood regulation. These findings provide insights into the complex neurobiological mechanisms underlying the effects of folate and related compounds in depression. Through a comprehensive review of the existing literature, this study aims to advance our understanding of the therapeutic potential of folic acid and related compounds in depression treatment. It also seeks to explore their role in addressing suicidal tendencies and shed light on the neurobiological mechanisms involved, leveraging the latest discoveries in depression research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timur Liwinski
- Clinic for Adult Psychiatry, University Psychiatric Clinics, University of Basel, Wilhelm Klein-Strasse 27, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland;
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Boyle CC, Bower JE, Eisenberger NI, Irwin MR. Stress to inflammation and anhedonia: Mechanistic insights from preclinical and clinical models. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2023; 152:105307. [PMID: 37419230 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
Anhedonia, as evidenced by impaired pleasurable response to reward, reduced reward motivation, and/or deficits in reward-related learning, is a common feature of depression. Such deficits in reward processing are also an important clinical target as a risk factor for depression onset. Unfortunately, reward-related deficits remain difficult to treat. To address this gap and inform the development of effective prevention and treatment strategies, it is critical to understand the mechanisms that drive impairments in reward function. Stress-induced inflammation is a plausible mechanism of reward deficits. The purpose of this paper is to review evidence for two components of this psychobiological pathway: 1) the effects of stress on reward function; and 2) the effects of inflammation on reward function. Within these two areas, we draw upon preclinical and clinical models, distinguish between acute and chronic effects of stress and inflammation, and address specific domains of reward dysregulation. By addressing these contextual factors, the review reveals a nuanced literature which might be targeted for additional scientific inquiry to inform the development of precise interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloe C Boyle
- Norman Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, UCLA, USA.
| | - Julienne E Bower
- Norman Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, UCLA, USA; Department of Psychology, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Michael R Irwin
- Norman Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, UCLA, USA
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Chen S, Chen G, Li Y, Yue Y, Zhu Z, Li L, Jiang W, Shen Z, Wang T, Hou Z, Xu Z, Shen X, Yuan Y. Predicting the diagnosis of various mental disorders in a mixed cohort using blood-based multi-protein model: a machine learning approach. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2023; 273:1267-1277. [PMID: 36567366 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-022-01540-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The lack of objective diagnostic methods for mental disorders challenges the reliability of diagnosis. The study aimed to develop an easily accessible and useable objective method for diagnosing major depressive disorder (MDD), schizophrenia (SZ), bipolar disorder (BPD), and panic disorder (PD) using serum multi-protein. Serum levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), VGF (non-acronymic), bicaudal C homolog 1 (BICC1), C-reactive protein (CRP), and cortisol, which are generally recognized to be involved in different pathogenesis of various mental disorders, were measured in patients with MDD (n = 50), SZ (n = 50), BPD (n = 55), and PD along with 50 healthy controls (HC). Linear discriminant analysis (LDA) was employed to construct a multi-classification model to classify these mental disorders. Both leave-one-out cross-validation (LOOCV) and fivefold cross-validation were applied to validate the accuracy and stability of the LDA model. All five serum proteins were included in the LDA model, and it was found to display a high overall accuracy of 96.9% when classifying MDD, SZ, BPD, PD, and HC groups. Multi-classification accuracy of the LDA model for LOOCV and fivefold cross-validation (within-study replication) reached 96.9 and 96.5%, respectively, demonstrating the feasibility of the blood-based multi-protein LDA model for classifying common mental disorders in a mixed cohort. The results suggest that combining multiple proteins associated with different pathogeneses of mental disorders using LDA may be a novel and relatively objective method for classifying mental disorders. Clinicians should consider combining multiple serum proteins to diagnose mental disorders objectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzhen Chen
- Department of Psychosomatics and Psychiatry, School of Medicine, ZhongDa Hospital, Southeast University, No. 87 Dingjiaqiao, Gulou District, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Gang Chen
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Yinghui Li
- Department of Psychosomatics and Psychiatry, School of Medicine, ZhongDa Hospital, Southeast University, No. 87 Dingjiaqiao, Gulou District, Nanjing, 210009, China
- Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Yingying Yue
- Department of Psychosomatics and Psychiatry, School of Medicine, ZhongDa Hospital, Southeast University, No. 87 Dingjiaqiao, Gulou District, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Zixin Zhu
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Lei Li
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
- Department of Sleep Medicine, The Fourth People's Hospital of Lianyungang, Lianyungang, 222000, China
| | - Wenhao Jiang
- Department of Psychosomatics and Psychiatry, School of Medicine, ZhongDa Hospital, Southeast University, No. 87 Dingjiaqiao, Gulou District, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Zhongxia Shen
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
- Department of Psychiatry, The Third People's Hospital of Huzhou, Huzhou, 313000, China
| | - Tianyu Wang
- Department of Psychosomatics and Psychiatry, School of Medicine, ZhongDa Hospital, Southeast University, No. 87 Dingjiaqiao, Gulou District, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Zhenghua Hou
- Department of Psychosomatics and Psychiatry, School of Medicine, ZhongDa Hospital, Southeast University, No. 87 Dingjiaqiao, Gulou District, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Zhi Xu
- Department of Psychosomatics and Psychiatry, School of Medicine, ZhongDa Hospital, Southeast University, No. 87 Dingjiaqiao, Gulou District, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Xinhua Shen
- Department of Psychiatry, The Third People's Hospital of Huzhou, Huzhou, 313000, China
| | - Yonggui Yuan
- Department of Psychosomatics and Psychiatry, School of Medicine, ZhongDa Hospital, Southeast University, No. 87 Dingjiaqiao, Gulou District, Nanjing, 210009, China.
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
- Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
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Mudra Rakshasa-Loots A. Depression and HIV: a scoping review in search of neuroimmune biomarkers. Brain Commun 2023; 5:fcad231. [PMID: 37693812 PMCID: PMC10489482 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcad231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
People with HIV are at increased risk for depression, though the neurobiological mechanisms underlying this are unclear. In the last decade, there has been a substantial rise in interest in the contribution of (neuro)inflammation to depression, coupled with rapid advancements in the resolution and sensitivity of biomarker assays such as Luminex, single molecular array and newly developed positron emission tomography radioligands. Numerous pre-clinical and clinical studies have recently leveraged these next-generation immunoassays to identify biomarkers that may be associated with HIV and depression (separately), though few studies have explored these biomarkers in co-occurring HIV and depression. Using a systematic search, we detected 33 publications involving a cumulative N = 10 590 participants which tested for associations between depressive symptoms and 55 biomarkers of inflammation and related processes in participants living with HIV. Formal meta-analyses were not possible as statistical reporting in the field was highly variable; future studies must fully report test statistics and effect size estimates. The majority of included studies were carried out in the United States, with samples that were primarily older and primarily men. Substantial further work is necessary to diversify the geographical, age, and sex distribution of samples in the field. This review finds that alterations in concentrations of certain biomarkers of neuroinflammation (interleukin-6, tumour necrosis factor-α, neopterin) may influence the association between HIV and depression. Equally, the chemokines monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and interleukin-8 (IL-8) or the metabolic index kynurenine:tryptophan (Kyn:Trp), which have been the focus of several studies, do not appear to be associated with depressive symptoms amongst people living with HIV, as all (MCP-1) or most (IL-8 and Kyn:Trp) available studies of these biomarkers reported non-significant associations. We propose a biomarker-driven hypothesis of the neuroimmunometabolic mechanisms that may precipitate the increased risk of depression among people with HIV. Chronically activated microglia, which trigger key neuroinflammatory cascades shown to be upregulated in people with HIV, may be the central link connecting HIV infection in the central nervous system with depressive symptoms. Findings from this review may inform research design in future studies of HIV-associated depression and enable concerted efforts towards biomarker discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arish Mudra Rakshasa-Loots
- Edinburgh Neuroscience, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9JZ, UK
- Family Centre for Research with Ubuntu (FAMCRU), Tygerberg Hospital, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town 7505, South Africa
- Department of Global Health and Infection, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex, Brighton BN2 5BE, UK
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Li H, Zhao M, Jiang C, Zhao H, Wu C, Li Y, Zhang S, Xu P, Mou T, Xu Y, Huang M. Elevated Plasma Levels of Mature Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor in Major Depressive Disorder Patients with Higher Suicidal Ideation. Brain Sci 2023; 13:1223. [PMID: 37626579 PMCID: PMC10452535 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13081223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Several pieces of evidence show that signaling via brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and its receptor, tropomycin receptor kinase B (TrkB), as well as inflammation, play a crucial part in the pathophysiology of depression. The purpose of our study was to evaluate plasma levels of BDNF-TrkB signaling, which are inflammatory factors in major depressive disorder (MDD) patients, and assess their associations with clinical performance. This study recruited a total sample of 83 MDD patients and 93 healthy controls (CON). All the participants were tested with the Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD), the Beck Scale for Suicide Ideation, and the NEO Five-Factor Inventory. The plasma level of selected BDNF-TrkB signaling components (mature BDNF (mBDNF), precursor BDNF (proBDNF), tyrosine kinase B (TrkB), and tissue plasminogen activator (tPA)) and selected inflammatory factors (interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)) were measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Further, we performed correlation analysis to indicate the relationship between the plasma levels of the factors and clinical characteristics. Results: (i) A higher level of mBDNF and lower openness were observed in MDD patients with higher suicidal ideation than patients with lower suicidal ideation. (ii) In MDD patients, mBDNF was positively correlated with the sum score of the Beck Scale for Suicide Ideation (BSS). (iii) The levels of mBDNF, tPA, IL-1 β and IL-6 were significantly higher in all MDD subjects compared to the healthy controls, while the levels of TrkB and proBDNF were lower in MDD subjects. Conclusion: Our study provides novel insights regarding the potential role of mBDNF in the neurobiology of the association between depression and suicidal ideation and, in particular, the relationship between BDNF-TrkB signaling, inflammatory factors, and clinical characteristics in MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haimei Li
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China; (H.L.); (M.Z.); (C.J.); (H.Z.); (C.W.); (Y.L.); (S.Z.); (P.X.); (T.M.); (Y.X.)
- The Key Laboratory of Mental Disorder Management in Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310003, China
- Zhejiang Engineering Center for Mathematical Mental Health, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Miaomiao Zhao
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China; (H.L.); (M.Z.); (C.J.); (H.Z.); (C.W.); (Y.L.); (S.Z.); (P.X.); (T.M.); (Y.X.)
- The Key Laboratory of Mental Disorder Management in Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310003, China
- Zhejiang Engineering Center for Mathematical Mental Health, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Chaonan Jiang
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China; (H.L.); (M.Z.); (C.J.); (H.Z.); (C.W.); (Y.L.); (S.Z.); (P.X.); (T.M.); (Y.X.)
- The Key Laboratory of Mental Disorder Management in Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310003, China
- Zhejiang Engineering Center for Mathematical Mental Health, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Haoyang Zhao
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China; (H.L.); (M.Z.); (C.J.); (H.Z.); (C.W.); (Y.L.); (S.Z.); (P.X.); (T.M.); (Y.X.)
- The Key Laboratory of Mental Disorder Management in Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310003, China
- Zhejiang Engineering Center for Mathematical Mental Health, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Congchong Wu
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China; (H.L.); (M.Z.); (C.J.); (H.Z.); (C.W.); (Y.L.); (S.Z.); (P.X.); (T.M.); (Y.X.)
- The Key Laboratory of Mental Disorder Management in Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310003, China
- Zhejiang Engineering Center for Mathematical Mental Health, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China; (H.L.); (M.Z.); (C.J.); (H.Z.); (C.W.); (Y.L.); (S.Z.); (P.X.); (T.M.); (Y.X.)
- The Key Laboratory of Mental Disorder Management in Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310003, China
- Zhejiang Engineering Center for Mathematical Mental Health, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Shiyi Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China; (H.L.); (M.Z.); (C.J.); (H.Z.); (C.W.); (Y.L.); (S.Z.); (P.X.); (T.M.); (Y.X.)
- The Key Laboratory of Mental Disorder Management in Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310003, China
- Zhejiang Engineering Center for Mathematical Mental Health, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Pengfeng Xu
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China; (H.L.); (M.Z.); (C.J.); (H.Z.); (C.W.); (Y.L.); (S.Z.); (P.X.); (T.M.); (Y.X.)
- The Key Laboratory of Mental Disorder Management in Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310003, China
- Zhejiang Engineering Center for Mathematical Mental Health, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Tingting Mou
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China; (H.L.); (M.Z.); (C.J.); (H.Z.); (C.W.); (Y.L.); (S.Z.); (P.X.); (T.M.); (Y.X.)
- The Key Laboratory of Mental Disorder Management in Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310003, China
- Zhejiang Engineering Center for Mathematical Mental Health, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Yi Xu
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China; (H.L.); (M.Z.); (C.J.); (H.Z.); (C.W.); (Y.L.); (S.Z.); (P.X.); (T.M.); (Y.X.)
- The Key Laboratory of Mental Disorder Management in Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310003, China
- Zhejiang Engineering Center for Mathematical Mental Health, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Manli Huang
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China; (H.L.); (M.Z.); (C.J.); (H.Z.); (C.W.); (Y.L.); (S.Z.); (P.X.); (T.M.); (Y.X.)
- The Key Laboratory of Mental Disorder Management in Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310003, China
- Zhejiang Engineering Center for Mathematical Mental Health, Hangzhou 310003, China
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Sinclair LI, Ball HA, Bolea-Alamanac BM. Does depression in mid-life predispose to greater cognitive decline in later life in the Whitehall II cohort? J Affect Disord 2023; 335:111-119. [PMID: 37172658 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Later-life depression appears to have different symptomatology and possibly underlying pathology to younger adults. Depression is linked to dementia but whether it is a risk factor or an early sign of dementia remains unclear. Neuroinflammation is increasingly recognised in both conditions. AIMS To investigate the link between depression, inflammation and dementia. We hypothesised that recurrent depression increases the rate of cognitive decline in older adults and that this effect is modified by anti-inflammatory medication. METHODS We used data from Whitehall II including cognitive test results and reliable measures to assess depression. Depression was defined as a self-reported diagnosis or a score of ≥20 on the CESD. The presence/absence of inflammatory illness was assessed using a standardised list of inflammatory conditions. Individuals with dementia, chronic neurological and psychotic conditions were excluded. Logistic and linear regression was used to examine the effect of depression on cognitive test performance and the effect of chronic inflammation. LIMITATIONS Lack of clinical diagnoses of depression. RESULTS There were 1063 individuals with and 2572 without depression. Depression did not affect deterioration in episodic memory, verbal fluency or the AH4 test at 15-year follow up. We found no evidence of an effect of anti-inflammatory medication. Depressed individuals had worse cross-sectional performance on the Mill Hill test and tests of abstract reasoning and verbal fluency at both baseline and 15-year follow-up. CONCLUSIONS Using a UK based study with a long follow-up interval we have shown that depression in individuals aged >50 is not associated with increased cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsey Isla Sinclair
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Learning & Research Building, Southmead Hospital, BS10 5NB, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.
| | - Harriet Ann Ball
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Learning & Research Building, Southmead Hospital, BS10 5NB, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
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Martín-Hernández D, Muñoz-López M, Tendilla-Beltrán H, Caso JR, García-Bueno B, Menchén L, Leza JC. Immune System and Brain/Intestinal Barrier Functions in Psychiatric Diseases: Is Sphingosine-1-Phosphate at the Helm? Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12634. [PMID: 37628815 PMCID: PMC10454107 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241612634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the past few decades, extensive research has shed light on immune alterations and the significance of dysfunctional biological barriers in psychiatric disorders. The leaky gut phenomenon, intimately linked to the integrity of both brain and intestinal barriers, may play a crucial role in the origin of peripheral and central inflammation in these pathologies. Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) is a bioactive lipid that regulates both the immune response and the permeability of biological barriers. Notably, S1P-based drugs, such as fingolimod and ozanimod, have received approval for treating multiple sclerosis, an autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS), and ulcerative colitis, an inflammatory condition of the colon, respectively. Although the precise mechanisms of action are still under investigation, the effectiveness of S1P-based drugs in treating these pathologies sparks a debate on extending their use in psychiatry. This comprehensive review aims to delve into the molecular mechanisms through which S1P modulates the immune system and brain/intestinal barrier functions. Furthermore, it will specifically focus on psychiatric diseases, with the primary objective of uncovering the potential of innovative therapies based on S1P signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Martín-Hernández
- Departamento de Farmacología y Toxicología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Neuroquímica (IUIN), 28040 Madrid, Spain; (M.M.-L.); (J.R.C.); (B.G.-B.); (J.C.L.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (CIBERSAM, ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Marina Muñoz-López
- Departamento de Farmacología y Toxicología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Neuroquímica (IUIN), 28040 Madrid, Spain; (M.M.-L.); (J.R.C.); (B.G.-B.); (J.C.L.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (CIBERSAM, ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Hiram Tendilla-Beltrán
- Laboratorio de Neuropsiquiatría, Instituto de Fisiología, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla (BUAP), 72570 Puebla, Mexico;
| | - Javier R. Caso
- Departamento de Farmacología y Toxicología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Neuroquímica (IUIN), 28040 Madrid, Spain; (M.M.-L.); (J.R.C.); (B.G.-B.); (J.C.L.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (CIBERSAM, ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Borja García-Bueno
- Departamento de Farmacología y Toxicología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Neuroquímica (IUIN), 28040 Madrid, Spain; (M.M.-L.); (J.R.C.); (B.G.-B.); (J.C.L.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (CIBERSAM, ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Menchén
- Servicio de Aparato Digestivo, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Departamento de Medicina, Universidad Complutense, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, 28007 Madrid, Spain;
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (CIBEREHD, ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan C. Leza
- Departamento de Farmacología y Toxicología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Neuroquímica (IUIN), 28040 Madrid, Spain; (M.M.-L.); (J.R.C.); (B.G.-B.); (J.C.L.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (CIBERSAM, ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
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Zainal NH, Newman MG. Prospective network analysis of proinflammatory proteins, lipid markers, and depression components in midlife community women. Psychol Med 2023; 53:5267-5278. [PMID: 35924730 PMCID: PMC9898473 DOI: 10.1017/s003329172200232x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vulnerability theories propose that suboptimal levels of lipid markers and proinflammatory proteins predict future heightened depression. Scar models posit the reverse association. However, most studies that tested relationships between non-specific immune/endocrine markers and depression did not separate temporal inferences between people and within-person and how different immunometabolism markers related to unique depression symptoms. We thus used cross-lagged prospective network analyses (CLPN) to investigate this topic. METHODS Community midlife women (n = 2224) completed the Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression scale and provided biomarker samples across five time-points spanning 9 years. CLPN identified significant relations (edges) among components (nodes) of depression (depressed mood, somatic symptoms, interpersonal issues), lipid markers [insulin, fasting glucose, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL), high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL)], and proinflammatory proteins [C-reactive protein (CRP), fibrinogen], within and across time-points. All models adjusted for age, estradiol, follicle-stimulating hormone, and menopausal status. RESULTS In within-person temporal networks, higher CRP and HDL predicted all three depression components (d = 0.131-2.112). Increased LDL preceded higher depressed mood and interpersonal issues (v. somatic symptoms) (d = 0.251-0.327). Elevated triglycerides predicted more somatic symptoms (v. depressed mood and interpersonal problems) (d = 0.131). More interpersonal problems forecasted elevated fibrinogen and LDL levels (d = 0.129-0.331), and stronger somatic symptoms preceded higher fibrinogen levels (d = 0.188). CONCLUSIONS Results supported both vulnerability and scar models. Long-term dysregulated immunometabolism systems, social disengagement, and related patterns are possible mechanistic accounts. Cognitive-behavioral therapies that optimize nutrition and physical activity may effectively target depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur Hani Zainal
- Department of Health Care Policy, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michelle G. Newman
- Department of Psychology, The Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, USA
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Moriarity DP, Slavich GM. The future is dynamic: A call for intensive longitudinal data in immunopsychiatry. Brain Behav Immun 2023; 112:118-124. [PMID: 37286174 PMCID: PMC10411233 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2023.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The long-term value of immunopsychiatry will be based on its ability to translate basic science into effective clinical interventions. In this article, we discuss a key obstacle to achieving this important translational goal-namely, the preponderance of studies that are cross-sectional, or that have months-to-years long follow-up periods. Immunopsychiatric processes such as stress, inflammation, and depression symptoms are inherently dynamic and fluctuate over hours, days, and weeks. This fact suggests that higher-density data collection with only days between measurements is necessary to capture-with adequate resolution-the actual dynamics of these systems, determine optimal time lags with which to observe associations between variables of interest, and maximize the translational potential of these data. To illustrate these points, we use pilot data from our own intensive longitudinal immunopsychiatric study. We then conclude by making several recommendations for future research. By learning how to better use existing data for dynamically informative studies as well as collecting intensive longitudinal data, we believe immunopsychiatry will be much better positioned to advance our causal understanding of the interplay between the immune system and health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel P Moriarity
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - George M Slavich
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Bistas KG, Tabet JP. The Benefits of Prebiotics and Probiotics on Mental Health. Cureus 2023; 15:e43217. [PMID: 37692658 PMCID: PMC10490379 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.43217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
In individuals with depression and anxiety, the composition or alteration of their gut microbiota can significantly affect their psychological symptoms. Articles for this study were selected using PubMed and NCBI (National Center for Biotechnology Information) with the following search terms: "gut microbiota," "depression," "anxiety," "probiotics," and "prebiotics." These studies evaluated the composition of the gut microbiota and the decrease in symptoms of depression and anxiety due to treatment with probiotics and prebiotics. Only papers published after 2015 were included. There was a significant relationship between the composition and alteration of the gut microbiota and the presence or variation of symptoms of depression and anxiety. Treatment with probiotics or prebiotics improved the symptoms of these mental health conditions. This literature review examines how different prebiotics and probiotics affect mental health and how altering individuals' gut microbiota correlates with depression and anxiety. Treatment with probiotics or prebiotics may decrease the severity of these mental disorders by altering the gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karlyle G Bistas
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Wayne State University Detroit Medical Center, Detroit, USA
| | - Jean Paul Tabet
- School of Medicine, Medical University of the Americas, Charlestown, KNA
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