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Khatun S, Ogawa M, Uchizawa A, Hoshi D, Tamai S, Momma R, Kondo E, Watanabe K, Sagayama H. Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) is independently associated with the bioelectrical impedance phase angle in junior sumo wrestlers: A pilot study. Physiol Rep 2024; 12:e16045. [PMID: 38740565 PMCID: PMC11090887 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.16045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
The study explores the relationship between phase angle (PhA), an indicator of cellular health, and metabolic health parameters among junior sumo wrestlers in Japan. Given the demanding lifestyle and high-energy diets of sumo wrestlers that predispose them to metabolic syndrome post-retirement, this study focuses on a younger cohort. The primary aim is to evaluate if PhA could serve as an early indicator of metabolic health issues within this unique demographic. A total of 14 sumo wrestlers aged 9-17 years were assessed to determine the relationship between PhA and various metabolic markers, including glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), using a TANITA MC-780A-N body composition analyzer and standard blood tests. Bivariate regression analysis and Pearson's correlation revealed a negative relationship between PhA and HbA1c even after adjusting for age and weight (ß = -0.496, r2 = 0.776, r = -0.756, p = 0.004). The results indicate a significant negative relationship between PhA and HbA1c levels, suggesting that lower PhA values, which indicate poorer cellular integrity, are associated with higher HbA1c levels, signifying impaired glycemic control. These findings underscore the potential of PhA as a valuable biomarker for monitoring metabolic health in young sumo wrestlers, with implications for early intervention and management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suraiya Khatun
- Doctoral Program in Sports Medicine, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human SciencesUniversity of TsukubaIbarakiJapan
| | - Miori Ogawa
- Department of PediatricsJapanese Red Cross Nasu HospitalTochigiJapan
- Institute of Health and Sports SciencesUniversity of TsukubaIbarakiJapan
| | - Akiko Uchizawa
- Institute of Health and Sports SciencesUniversity of TsukubaIbarakiJapan
- Japan Society for the Promotion of ScienceTokyoJapan
| | - Daisuke Hoshi
- Human Informatics and Interaction Research InstituteNational Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and TechnologyTsukubaIbarakiJapan
| | - Shinsuke Tamai
- Department of Sport Science and ResearchJapan Institute of Sports SciencesTokyoJapan
| | - Reiko Momma
- Department of Sport Science and ResearchJapan Institute of Sports SciencesTokyoJapan
| | - Emi Kondo
- Institute of Health and Sports SciencesUniversity of TsukubaIbarakiJapan
- Japan Society for the Promotion of ScienceTokyoJapan
| | - Koichi Watanabe
- Institute of Health and Sports SciencesUniversity of TsukubaIbarakiJapan
| | - Hiroyuki Sagayama
- Institute of Health and Sports SciencesUniversity of TsukubaIbarakiJapan
- Advanced Research Initiative for Human High Performance (ARIHHP)University of TsukubaTsukubaJapan
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Haushalter K, Burgermaster M, Hudson E, Landry MJ, Sharma SV, Davis JN. An Increase in Food Insecurity Correlated with an Increase in Plasma Triglycerides among Latinx Children. J Nutr 2024; 154:565-573. [PMID: 38110183 PMCID: PMC10900190 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2023.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Food insecurity and metabolic diseases both disproportionately affect Hispanic children. Cross-sectional studies have linked food insecurity with adverse cardiometabolic markers, including elevated plasma triglycerides and glucose concentrations. However, the association between changes in food insecurity and changes in cardiometabolic markers in children remains to be explored. Furthermore, few studies have assessed the impact of school-based nutrition interventions on household food insecurity. OBJECTIVE The objectives of this study are to assess the effect of the TX Sprouts intervention on household food insecurity and to examine the association between changes in household food insecurity and changes in cardiometabolic markers over 1 academic year. METHODS This secondary analysis used data from TX Sprouts, a cluster-randomized school-based gardening, cooking, and nutrition trial. The study enrolled 3rd-5th-grade students from 16 schools that served primarily (>50%) Hispanic families with low income in Austin, TX. Participants (n = 619) provided household food insecurity data and fasting lipid panels at both baseline and postintervention, ∼9 mo following. RESULTS There was no intervention effect on household food insecurity. Independent of the intervention, a 1-point increase in food insecurity, indicative of becoming more food insecure, was associated with a 2.61 mg/dL increase in triglycerides (P = 0.001; 95% CI: 1.04, 4.19) at follow-up. Children who were food insecure at baseline and became food secure at follow-up had a mean 5.05 mg/dL decrease in triglycerides compared with a 7.50 mg/dL increase in triglycerides in children who remained food insecure throughout (95% CI: -23.40, -1.71, P = 0.023). There were no other associations between changes in food insecurity and cardiometabolic markers. CONCLUSION Although the intervention did not improve food insecurity, reductions in food insecurity over 9 mo were associated with improved cardiometabolic markers in high-risk children, emphasizing the need for interventions targeting food insecurity. The study is registered at clinicaltrials.gov under NCT02668744 (https://classic. CLINICALTRIALS gov/ct2/show/NCT02668744).
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Affiliation(s)
- Keally Haushalter
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States
| | - Marissa Burgermaster
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States; Department of Population Health, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States
| | - Erin Hudson
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States
| | - Matthew J Landry
- Department of Population Health and Disease Prevention, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Shreela V Sharma
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences (UTHealth) School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Jaimie N Davis
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States.
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Aljahdali AA, Baylin A, Ruiz-Narvaez EA, Kim HM, Cantoral A, Tellez-Rojo MM, Banker M, Peterson KE. Sedentary patterns and cardiometabolic risk factors in Mexican children and adolescents: analysis of longitudinal data. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2022; 19:143. [PMID: 36456985 PMCID: PMC9714228 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-022-01375-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sedentary behavior is a modifiable risk factor for cardiometabolic health; however, the assessment of total sedentary time may not capture youth's highly active and interrupted activity patterns. This study examined the associations between sedentary activity patterns and cardiometabolic risk factors among Mexican youth, who have a disproportionate burden of metabolic diseases, using a repeated measure design out of a longitudinal data. METHODS 570 subjects in the Early Life Exposure in Mexico to ENvironmental Toxicants (ELEMENT) birth cohort, who were followed up to three-time points during adolescence, were included. Bout duration, and frequency and percentages of waking time spent in specific intensities of activity, were quantified using ActiGraph wGT3X-BT wrist accelerometers. Self-reported questionnaires were used to query the usual duration of different sedentary behaviors. Outcomes were fasting lipid profile, markers for glucose homeostasis, anthropometry, and blood pressure. Associations were modeled using linear mixed-effects models, and isotemporal substitution approach was additionally used to assess the effect of replacing objectively assessed sedentary activity with other activity intensities, adjusting for potential confounders. RESULTS Each hour of self-reported screen-based time was positively associated with diastolic blood pressure (mm Hg) [β = 0.30, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) = 0.10, 0.51], and an hour of other sedentary time was associated with log serum glucose (mg/dL) [β = 0.01, 95% CI = 0.004, 0.017]. Substitution models showed that replacing 5% of sedentary time with moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) was associated with lower waist circumference (cm) [β = - 1.35, 95% CI = - 1.91, - 0.79] and log serum triglycerides (mg/dL) [β = - 0.11, 95% CI = - 0.18, - 0.03]. Substituting one uninterrupted sedentary bout with light activity was associated with lower insulin (μIU/mL) [β = - 0.06, 95% CI = - 0.10, - 0.02]. CONCLUSIONS Sedentary time was associated with cardiometabolic risk factors in Mexican youth in a context-specific manner. Replacing sedentary time with higher intensities was associated with improvements in some cardiometabolic markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abeer A. Aljahdali
- grid.412125.10000 0001 0619 1117Department of Clinical Nutrition, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia ,grid.214458.e0000000086837370Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI USA
| | - Ana Baylin
- grid.214458.e0000000086837370Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI USA ,grid.214458.e0000000086837370Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI USA
| | - Edward A. Ruiz-Narvaez
- grid.214458.e0000000086837370Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI USA
| | - Hyungjin Myra Kim
- grid.214458.e0000000086837370Center for Computing, Analytics and Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI USA
| | - Alejandra Cantoral
- grid.501731.10000 0004 0484 7567Department of Health, Iberoamerican University, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Martha M. Tellez-Rojo
- grid.415771.10000 0004 1773 4764Center for Nutrition and Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Margaret Banker
- grid.214458.e0000000086837370Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI USA
| | - Karen E. Peterson
- grid.214458.e0000000086837370Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI USA ,grid.214458.e0000000086837370Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI USA ,grid.214458.e0000000086837370University of Michigan, School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2029 USA
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The Role of Dietary Glycemic Index and Glycemic Load in Mediating Genetic Susceptibility via MC4R s17782313 Genotypes to Affect Cardiometabolic Risk Factors among Apparently Healthy Obese Individuals. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:3044545. [PMID: 36440355 PMCID: PMC9683967 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3044545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Background The association of genetic and dietary factors with occurrence and progression of chronic diseases such as metabolic syndrome (MetS) has long been addressed but there is a lack of evidence for complex interrelationships, including direct and indirect effects of these variables. Hence, this study is aimed at evaluating the mediating role of glycemic indices in the association of melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R) rs17782313 polymorphism, sociodemographic, and psychological factors with the risk of MetS in obese adults using structural equation modeling. Methods We performed a cross-sectional analysis of data from 287 apparently healthy adults. Dietary glycemic index (GI) and glycemic load (GL) were calculated from a validated 147-item food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). MC4R s17782313 genotypes were determined by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method. Structural equation modeling was used to explore direct and indirect effects of genetic and nongenetic factors on MetS. Results MC4R gene variant was directly associated with the risk of MetS (B = 0.010; P = 0.023). On the other hand, this variant was found to be indirectly and positively associated with LDL-C (B = 6.589; P = 0.042) through mediatory effects of GI and GL. Moreover, GI and GL also mediated indirect positive effects of sex and age on LDL-C (B = 3.970; P ≤ 0.01; B = 0.878; P ≤ 0.01, respectively) and HDL (B = 2.203; P ≤ 0.01; B = 0.129; P ≤ 0.01, respectively). MC4R rs17782313 polymorphism had positive effects on GI (B = 1.577; P ≤ 0.01) and GL (B = 1.235; P ≤ 0.01). Conclusion Our data may state a hypothesis of the mediating effect of quantity and quality of carbohydrates consumed in relationship between genetic susceptibility to obesity and cardiometabolic risk factors. Further analyses should be carried out in high-quality cohort studies in order to confirm the findings.
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Aljahdali AA, Peterson KE, Cantoral A, Ruiz-Narvaez E, Tellez-Rojo MM, Kim HM, Hébert JR, Wirth MD, Torres-Olascoaga LA, Shivappa N, Baylin A. Diet Quality Scores and Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in Mexican Children and Adolescents: A Longitudinal Analysis. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14040896. [PMID: 35215546 PMCID: PMC8878155 DOI: 10.3390/nu14040896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
There is limited evidence for the effects of diet on cardiometabolic profiles during the pubertal transition. We collected repeated measures of diet quality and cardiometabolic risk factors among Mexican youth. This analysis included 574 offspring of the Early Life Exposure in Mexico to Environmental Toxicants (ELEMENT) birth cohort followed up to three time points. Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH), alternate Mediterranean Diet (aMedDiet), and Children’s Dietary Inflammatory Index (C-DIITM) scores were computed from food frequency questionnaires. Higher DASH and aMedDiet scores reflect a higher diet quality, and lower C-DII scores reflect an anti-inflammatory diet. Cardiometabolic risk factors were lipid profile, glucose homeostasis, blood pressure, and waist circumference. Linear mixed models were used between quartiles of each diet score and outcomes. Compared to the first quartile, the fourth DASH quartile was inversely associated with log serum insulin (μIU/mL) [β = −0.19, p = 0.0034] and log-Homeostatic Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance [β = −0.25, p = 0.0008]. Additionally, log serum triglycerides (mg/dL) was linearly associated with aMedDiet score [β = −0.03, p = 0.0022]. Boys in the highest aMedDiet quartile had higher serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (mg/dL) [β = 4.13, p = 0.0034] compared to the reference quartile. Higher diet quality was associated with a better cardiometabolic profile among Mexican youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abeer Ali Aljahdali
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (E.R.-N.); (A.B.)
| | - Karen E. Peterson
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (E.R.-N.); (A.B.)
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(734) 647-1923
| | - Alejandra Cantoral
- Department of Health, Iberoamericana University, Mexico City 01219, Mexico;
| | - Edward Ruiz-Narvaez
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (E.R.-N.); (A.B.)
| | - Martha M. Tellez-Rojo
- Center for Nutrition and Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca 62100, Mexico; (M.M.T.-R.); (L.A.T.-O.)
| | - Hyungjin Myra Kim
- Center for Computing, Analytics and Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA;
| | - James R. Hébert
- Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA; (J.R.H.); (M.D.W.); (N.S.)
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
- Department of Nutrition, Connecting Health Innovations LLC, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Michael D. Wirth
- Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA; (J.R.H.); (M.D.W.); (N.S.)
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
- Department of Nutrition, Connecting Health Innovations LLC, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
- College of Nursing, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Libni A. Torres-Olascoaga
- Center for Nutrition and Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca 62100, Mexico; (M.M.T.-R.); (L.A.T.-O.)
| | - Nitin Shivappa
- Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA; (J.R.H.); (M.D.W.); (N.S.)
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
- Department of Nutrition, Connecting Health Innovations LLC, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Ana Baylin
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (E.R.-N.); (A.B.)
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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Zurita T, Kazmierski KFM, Wong L, Faulkner M, Kuo S, Huszti H, Rao U. Racial/ethnic differences in dietary intake among a diverse sample of adolescents: An experimental study. Pediatr Obes 2021; 16:e12823. [PMID: 34121364 PMCID: PMC8563420 DOI: 10.1111/ijpo.12823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND African-American (AA) and Hispanic/Latina (HL) females have higher obesity prevalence than do non-Hispanic Whites (NHW); this may be due to AA and HL consuming more energy-dense foods in response to stressors. OBJECTIVES This study examined racial/ethnic differences in dietary intake under controlled conditions (relaxation and stress) in a diverse sample of adolescent females. METHODS Participants included 120 adolescent females (30% AA, 37% HL and 33% NHW) who participated in a laboratory food intake study. Using a randomized cross-over design, ad libitum food consumption was measured following control/relaxation and social-evaluative stress conditions. Food intake was indexed as consumed calories, added sugars and solid fats. RESULTS The effect of laboratory conditions on food intake varied by race/ethnicity, such that AA consumed more energy following relaxation than following stress. For NHW and HL, food intake did not differ between conditions. CONCLUSIONS To the best of our knowledge, these findings are the first to directly observe racial/ethnic differences in food intake in response to acute stress, which may contribute to obesity-related health disparities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomas Zurita
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California Irvine (UCI), Irvine, California
| | - Kelly F. M. Kazmierski
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California Irvine (UCI), Irvine, California
| | - Larissa Wong
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California Irvine (UCI), Irvine, California
| | - Megan Faulkner
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California Irvine (UCI), Irvine, California
| | - Sabrina Kuo
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California Irvine (UCI), Irvine, California
| | - Heather Huszti
- Children’s Hospital of Orange County, Orange, California
| | - Uma Rao
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California Irvine (UCI), Irvine, California,Children’s Hospital of Orange County, Orange, California,Department of Pediatrics, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California,Department of Psychological Science, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California,Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California
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Khodarahmi M, Nikniaz L, Abbasalizad Farhangi M. The Interaction Between Fatty Acid Desaturase-2 (FADS2) rs174583 Genetic Variant and Dietary Quality Indices (DASH and MDS) Constructs Different Metabolic Phenotypes Among Obese Individuals. Front Nutr 2021; 8:669207. [PMID: 34164423 PMCID: PMC8215104 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.669207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim: Genetic variation in fatty acid desaturases (FADS) has previously been linked to several diet-related diseases. We aimed to determine whether the FADS2 rs174583 variant interacts with the Dietary Approach to Stop Hypertension (DASH) score and Mediterranean dietary score (MDS) to influence cardio-metabolic risk factors among obese adults. Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed among 347 apparently healthy obese adults (aged 20-50 years). Dietary quality indicator scores (DASH and MDS) were generated using a validated 147-item Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ). The FADS2 rs174583 variant was genotyped by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). The gene-diet interaction was analyzed by the ANCOVA multivariate interaction model. Results: A significant interaction was observed between rs174583 and adherence to the DASH score in relation to serum triglyceride (TG) concentration among the female group (P Interaction = 0.046); CT-genotype carriers who were assigned to the second tertile of DASH compared with those in the first tertile had a lower TG level (P < 0.05). Another significant interaction was revealed between adherence to MDS score and rs174583 polymorphism on serum glucose levels (P Interaction = 0.044); the lowest mean of glucose level was observed in homozygous minor subjects (TT) in the third tertile of MDS, in comparison with other tertiles of this dietary index (P < 0.05). There was a similar significant interaction between DASH and rs174583 in relation to diastolic blood pressure (P Interaction = 0.038) among the male group. Additionally, a significant positive association was found between TT genotype and odds of having high TG both in the crude (OR, 3.21; 95% CI, 1.02-10.14) and adjusted (OR, 3.58; 95% CI, 1.07-11.97) models, taking into account different confounders. Conclusion: Adherence to the dietary quality indicators (DASH and MDS) modified the relationship between FADS2 rs174583 polymorphism and cardio-metabolic risk factors in obese subjects. Prospective cohort studies are needed to confirm the results of our study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdieh Khodarahmi
- Department of Community Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Science, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Leila Nikniaz
- Tabriz Health Services Management Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mahdieh Abbasalizad Farhangi
- Department of Community Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Science, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Denton JJ, Fernandez JR. The role of family history of diabetes as a predictor of insulin activity in a sample of diverse, normal weight children. ENDOCRINE AND METABOLIC SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.endmts.2021.100090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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Khodarahmi M, Jafarabadi MA, Farhangi MA. Melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R) rs17782313 polymorphism interacts with Dietary Approach to Stop Hypertension (DASH) and Mediterranean Dietary Score (MDS) to affect hypothalamic hormones and cardio-metabolic risk factors among obese individuals. GENES AND NUTRITION 2020; 15:13. [PMID: 32758123 PMCID: PMC7403790 DOI: 10.1186/s12263-020-00672-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM The association with obesity of a common variant near the melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R) gene (rs17782313) has been indicated in various studies. Adherence to dietary quality indices also have shown to have potential favorable effects on obesity-related health outcomes. However, no study has examined the interaction between rs17782313 and the Dietary Approach to Stop Hypertension (DASH) score and the Mediterranean Dietary Score (MDS) on cardio-metabolic risk factors and hypothalamic hormones. Therefore, the purpose of the current study was to examine whether adherence to these dietary quality indices modifies the association of the MC4R rs17782313 polymorphism with cardio-metabolic risk factors and hypothalamic hormones among obese adults. METHOD Two hundred eighty-eight healthy obese adults were recruited in this cross-sectional study. Diet quality indices, including DASH score and MDS, were calculated from a validated 147-item food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). MC4R s17782313 genotypes were determined by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). An ANCOVA multivariate interaction model was used to assess the gene-diet interaction. RESULTS Significant interactions were detected between DASH score and MC4R rs17782313 genotypes on systolic blood pressure (SBP), atherogenic index of plasma (AIP), and serum glucose and triglyceride (TG) among the female group (pInteraction < 0.05). In the male group, there were gene-DASH and gene-MDS interactions in relation to serum glucose concentration and plasma α-melanocyte stimulating hormone (MSH) levels, but these were found only in multi-adjusted interaction models (pInteraction < 0.05). In addition, there was a significant interaction between MC4R rs17782313 polymorphism and DASH score on plasma agouti-related peptide (AgRP) concentrations in the female group in a multivariate interaction model (pInteraction < 0.05). An inverse association between DASH score and chance of having the CC genotype in a multivariate-adjusted model among women was also revealed. CONCLUSION MC4R rs17782313 interacts with healthy dietary pattern (DASH score and MDS) to influence cardio-metabolic risk factors and hypothalamic hormones in obese individuals. Prospective cohort studies are needed to further assess these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdieh Khodarahmi
- Nutrition Research Center, Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Science, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Asghari Jafarabadi
- Road Traffic Injury Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Statistics and Epidemiology, Faculty of Health, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mahdieh Abbasalizad Farhangi
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Attar-neishabouri Ave, Golgasht St, Tabriz, 5165665931, Iran.
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Khodarahmi M, Kahroba H, Jafarabadi MA, Mesgari-Abbasi M, Farhangi MA. Dietary quality indices modifies the effects of melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R) rs17782313 polymorphism on cardio-metabolic risk factors and hypothalamic hormones in obese adults. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2020; 20:57. [PMID: 32019489 PMCID: PMC7001213 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-020-01366-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although the Melanocortin-4 Receptor (MC4R) gene rs17782313 C/T has been consistently related to obesity risk, the interaction between MC4R polymorphism and diet quality indices on cardio-metabolic risk factors has not yet investigated. Therefore we aimed to test this hypothesis. METHODS This cross-sectional study recruited 188 (96 males and 92 females) healthy obese adults aged 20-50 years. Diet quality indices including Healthy Eating Index-2015 (HEI-2015) and Diet Quality Index-International (DQI-I) were constructed using data from a validated food frequency questionnaire. MC4R s17782313 were genotyped by Polymerase Chain Reaction-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). The interaction between MC4R polymorphism and diet quality indices was tested by Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) multivariate interaction model. RESULTS There were significant gene-diet interactions between rs17782313 and HEI-2015 (P Interaction < 0.05) in modulating low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels among female group; rare allele heterozygotes of rs17782313 had highest mean of LDL-C concentration when placed in second tertile of HEI (P < 0.05). Moreover, rs17782313 and both indices (HEI and DQI-I) had significant interaction on serum glucose concentrations, systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP, DBP) in males (P Interaction < 0.05); when adherence to these indices was low, the obesity risk allele was associated with serum glucose concentrations, SBP and DBP. These gene-diet interactions remained significant even after adjustment for potential confounders. CONCLUSION Our study showed that MC4R rs17782313 interacts with adherence to the dietary quality indices (HEI and DQI-I) to influence several cardio-metabolic risk factors in obese male and females. Further large prospective studies are warranted to confirm our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdieh Khodarahmi
- Student Research Committee, Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Science, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Houman Kahroba
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Asghari Jafarabadi
- Road Traffic Injury Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Statistics and Epidemiology, Faculty of Health, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mehran Mesgari-Abbasi
- Nutrition Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Attar-neishabouri Ave, Golgasht St, Tabriz, 5165665931, Iran
| | - Mahdieh Abbasalizad Farhangi
- Nutrition Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Attar-neishabouri Ave, Golgasht St, Tabriz, 5165665931, Iran.
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Piccinini F, Polidori DC, Gower BA, Fernandez JR, Bergman RN. Dissection of hepatic versus extra-hepatic insulin clearance: Ethnic differences in childhood. Diabetes Obes Metab 2018; 20:2869-2875. [PMID: 30019375 PMCID: PMC6482814 DOI: 10.1111/dom.13471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Revised: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Adult African American (AA) women have one third of the hepatic insulin clearance of European American (EA) women. This lower hepatic (but not extra-hepatic) insulin clearance in AA individuals is associated with higher plasma insulin concentrations. This study aims to understand whether impairment of hepatic insulin clearance is seen in AA individuals since childhood, possibly suggesting that genetic/epigenetic factors, rather than lifestyle only, contribute to this. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 203 children (105 male and 98 female (55 AA, 88 EA and 60 Hispanic American [HA]; ages, 7-13 years; mean BMI, 19 kg/m2 )) underwent the frequently applied intravenous glucose tolerance test (FSIGT) at the University of Alabama at Birmingham, General Clinical Research Center and Department of Nutrition Sciences. Glucose, insulin and C-peptide levels were measured and hepatic and extra-hepatic insulin clearances were calculated using mathematical modelling. RESULTS Fractional hepatic insulin extraction (FEL ) was lower in AA than in EA children (mean (SD), 19% (20%) vs 33% (20%); P = 0.0007). Adjusting for age, Tanner stage and body fat, FEL was lower in AA than in EA children (P = 0.0012), and there was a slight sex-related difference (FEL, 24% (10%) vs 29% (10%) in boys vs girls; P = 0.04). Extra-hepatic insulin clearance did not differ with ethnicity (27 (12), 21 (12) and 24 (28) mL/kg/min for AA, HA and EA children, respectively; P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS At a young age, FEL is lower in AAs than in EAs, which does not rule out genetic/epigenetic factors. These differences are related to hyperinsulinaemia and, over time, could possibly contribute to metabolic disorders in AA individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Piccinini
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Diabetes and Obesity Research Institute, Los Angeles, California
| | | | - Barbara A Gower
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Jose R Fernandez
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Richard N Bergman
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Diabetes and Obesity Research Institute, Los Angeles, California
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12
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Strizich G, Kaplan RC, Sotres-Alvarez D, Diaz KM, Daigre AL, Carnethon MR, Vidot DC, Delamater AM, Perez L, Perreira K, Isasi CR, Qi Q. Objectively Measured Sedentary Behavior, Physical Activity, and Cardiometabolic Risk in Hispanic Youth: Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latino Youth. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2018; 103:3289-3298. [PMID: 29947786 PMCID: PMC6126884 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2018-00356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Context Time spent in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), but not in sedentary behavior (SB), is related to cardiometabolic risk among non-Hispanic white youth. Objective Examine associations of SB and MVPA with cardiometabolic risk factors among Hispanic/Latino youth. Design Cross-sectional analysis. Setting Four US communities. Participants Hispanic/Latino youth (N = 1,426) ages 8 to 16 years. Measurements Associations of MVPA and SB, measured using 7-day accelerometer data (independent variables), with markers of glucose and lipid metabolism, inflammation, and endothelial function (dependent variables), were assessed in multivariable linear regression models while adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics and accelerometer wear time. Additional models controlled for obesity measures. Results SB comprised a mean (SD) of 75% (13%) of accelerometer wear time; mean (SD) time of MVPA was 35 min/d (22 min/d). Deleterious levels of high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), triglycerides, insulin resistance, C-reactive protein, and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 were associated with lower levels of MVPA and higher levels of SB (all P < 0.05). Associations of MVPA with log-transformed triglyceride concentrations (β per 15-min/d increment, -0.039; SE, 0.018; P = 0.037) and SB with HDL-C (β per 30-min/d increment, -0.63; SE, 0.26; P = 0.018), but not those with other markers, remained significant after adjusting for MVPA or SB and further adjustment for body mass index and waist circumference. Higher SB tertiles were associated with lower soluble receptor for advanced glycation end products in fully adjusted models (P for trend = 0.037). Conclusions Physiological precursors of diabetes and cardiovascular disease were associated with MVPA and SB among US Hispanic/Latino youth, a group that bears a disproportionate burden of metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garrett Strizich
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Robert C Kaplan
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Daniela Sotres-Alvarez
- Department of Biostatistics, Collaborating Studies Coordinating Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Keith M Diaz
- Center for Behavioral Cardiovascular Health, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Amber L Daigre
- Department of Pediatrics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
| | - Mercedes R Carnethon
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Denise C Vidot
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
| | - Alan M Delamater
- Department of Pediatrics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
| | - Lilian Perez
- Institute for Behavioral and Community Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, California
| | - Krista Perreira
- Department of Biostatistics, Collaborating Studies Coordinating Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Carmen R Isasi
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Qibin Qi
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
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13
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Barbalho SM, Oshiiwa M, Sato Fontana LC, Ribeiro Finalli EF, Paiva Filho ME, Machado Spada AP. Metabolic syndrome and atherogenic indices in school children: A worrying panorama in Brazil. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2017; 11 Suppl 1:S397-S401. [PMID: 28284912 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2017.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolic Syndrome (MS) is defined as the combination of a cluster of cardiovascular risk factors. The use of cardiovascular indices such as the ratios TC/HDL-c, LDL-c/HDL-c and TG/HDL-c may help in the assessment of cardiovascular risk. Investigation of cardio-metabolic risks in the pre-adolescent stage is essential to characterize possible patterns for MS in the earliest stages of the life avoiding further irreversible consequences. AIMS This work aimed to investigate the presence of MS and cardiovascular indices in a group of children aged 6-10 years. METHODS We included 150 children from a city in Brazil. Anthropometric (Body Mass Index and Waist Circumference) and biochemical parameters (glycaemia, total cholesterol, LDL-c, HDL-c, and triglycerides) were evaluated in order to identify the presence of MS. Atherogenic Indices were also calculated (TC/HDL-c, LDL-c/HDL-c and TG/HDL-c). RESULTS Our results showed that there are high percentages of children with altered values for biochemical and anthropometric parameters and in the atherogenic indices. MS was identified in 17.8% of the children. The main parameters related to alterations in the atherogenic indices were waist circumference, body mass index and the presence of MS. CONCLUSION The high prevalence of MS and alterations in the atherogenic indices in schoolchildren is a worrying panorama. We suggest the performance of more studies focusing on identification, intervention and prevention programs in order to reduce the risk factors of this syndrome in childhood and to reduce future cardiovascular deaths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Maria Barbalho
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Marília (UNIMAR), Av. Higino Muzzi Filho 1001, Marília 15525-902, SP, Brazil; Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition, Faculty of Food Technology of Marília (FATEC), Av. Castro Alves, 62, Marília 17506-000, SP, Brazil.
| | - Marie Oshiiwa
- Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition, Faculty of Food Technology of Marília (FATEC), Av. Castro Alves, 62, Marília 17506-000, SP, Brazil
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14
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Dietary Patterns and Metabolic Syndrome in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review. JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS REVIEW 2017. [DOI: 10.5812/jpr.11656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
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15
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Vangeepuram N, Ramos MA, Fei K, Fox AM, Horowitz CR, Kleinman LC, Galvez MP. Are Parental Perceptions of Child Activity Levels and Overall Health More Important than Perceptions of Weight? Matern Child Health J 2017; 20:1456-63. [PMID: 27010551 DOI: 10.1007/s10995-016-1944-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Objectives To examine relationships between parental perceptions of child weight and overall health, reported lifestyle behaviors and measured body mass index (BMI). Methods Using community-partnered methods, we surveyed families residing in a two census tract area identified for targeted interventions to decrease diabetes related disparities. The survey included demographics, child dietary and physical activity behaviors, and parental perception of child's health and weight. We measured child BMI using a standardized protocol. Results We surveyed parents of 116 children with a mean age of 7 years (range 3-15) with 51 % boys, 74 % Hispanic, and 26 % Black. Over half of the children (55 %) were overweight or obese. Half (50 %) of the parents underestimated their children's weight. Reported daily hours of walking and/or running trended higher (3.6 vs. 2.6 h, p = 0.08) for children perceived to be of normal weight. Parents who correctly estimated their child's weight status reported more hours of daily walking/running than parents who underestimated child weight status, 4.5 versus 2.4 h, p = 0.0002. Parents of healthy weight children were more likely to report that children were in excellent or very good health compared to parents of overweight/obese children, 75 versus 56 % respectively (p = 0.04). We found significant racial/ethnic differences in reported diet and physical activity behaviors and perception of overall health. Conclusions for Practice Parental perceptions of child health and physical activity level may be related to perceptions of their child's weight status. Study findings informed community-based initiatives for reducing diabetes risk among children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nita Vangeepuram
- Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave L. Levy Place Box 1077, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
| | - Michelle A Ramos
- Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave L. Levy Place Box 1077, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Kezhen Fei
- Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave L. Levy Place Box 1077, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Ashley M Fox
- Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave L. Levy Place Box 1077, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Carol R Horowitz
- Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave L. Levy Place Box 1077, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Lawrence C Kleinman
- Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave L. Levy Place Box 1077, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Maida P Galvez
- Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave L. Levy Place Box 1077, New York, NY, 10029, USA
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16
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Khalil H, Murrin C, O'Reilly M, Viljoen K, Segurado R, O'Brien J, Somerville R, McGillicuddy F, Kelleher CC. Total HDL cholesterol efflux capacity in healthy children - Associations with adiposity and dietary intakes of mother and child. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2017; 27:70-77. [PMID: 27919542 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2016.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Revised: 09/03/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS High-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol efflux capacity in adults may be a measure of the atheroprotective property of HDL. Little however, is known about HDL cholesterol efflux capacity in childhood. We aimed to investigate the relationship between HDL cholesterol efflux capacity and childhood anthropometrics in a longitudinal study. METHODS AND RESULTS Seventy-five children (mean age = 9.4 ± 0.4 years) were followed from birth until the age of 9 years. HDL cholesterol efflux capacity was determined at age 9 by incubating serum-derived HDL-supernatants with 3H-cholesterol labeled J774 macrophages and percentage efflux determined. Mothers provided dietary information by completing food frequency questionnaires in early pregnancy and then 5 years later on behalf of themselves and their children. Pearson's correlations and multiple regression analyses were conducted to confirm independent associations with HDL efflux. There was a negative correlation between HDL cholesterol efflux capacity and waist circumference at age 5 (r = -0.3, p = 0.01) and age 9 (r = -0.24, p = 0.04) and BMI at age 5 (r = -0.45, p = 0.01) and age 9 (r = -0.19, p = 0.1). Multiple regression analysis showed that BMI at age 5 remained significantly associated with reduced HDL cholesterol efflux capacity (r = -0.45, p < 0.001). HDL-C was negatively correlated with energy-adjusted fat intake (r = -0.24, p = 0.04) and positively correlated with energy-adjusted protein (r = 0.24, p = 0.04) and starch (r = 0.29, p = 0.01) intakes during pregnancy. HDL-C was not significantly correlated with children dietary intake at age 5. There were no significant correlations between maternal or children dietary intake and HDL cholesterol efflux capacity. CONCLUSIONS This novel analysis shows that efflux capacity is negatively associated with adiposity in early childhood independent of HDL-C.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Khalil
- School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, Woodview House, Belfield, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland.
| | - C Murrin
- School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, Woodview House, Belfield, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | | | - K Viljoen
- School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, Woodview House, Belfield, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - R Segurado
- School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, Woodview House, Belfield, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - J O'Brien
- School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, Woodview House, Belfield, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - R Somerville
- School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, Woodview House, Belfield, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - F McGillicuddy
- Nutrigenomics Research Group, Ireland; School of Medicine, UCD Conway Institute, Belfield, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - C C Kelleher
- School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, Woodview House, Belfield, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
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17
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Prevalence of metabolic syndrome in children aged 5-9 years from southwest colombia: a cross-sectional study. World J Pediatr 2016; 12:477-483. [PMID: 26830308 DOI: 10.1007/s12519-016-0008-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2014] [Accepted: 12/24/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exploration of cardiometabolic alterations in the pre-adolescent stage is necessary to characterize possible patterns for matabolic syndrome (MetS) in the earliest stages of the life. However, defining specific cutoff points for metabolic and vascular markers represents a complex task in pre-adolescent populations. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of MetS and its components in children aged 5-9 years old by using the MetS definition for adolescents with the lowest cut-off points, and evaluate its relationship with overweight and socio-demographic determinants. METHODS A total of 494 children were evaluated. Multivariate models with filtered variables in preliminary univarite analyses were built to find predictive factors of MetS and its components. RESULTS The prevalence of MetS was 8.7% in the studied children. Multivariate models showed that age, overweight and low socioeconomic stratum were associated with MetS; low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol was not significantly associated with any variable; high triglycerides were positively associated with age, overweight and inversely associated with kilocalories/day; female gender was the only variable significantly associated with high fasting glucose (inverse association); and age, gender and overweight were significant factors for increased waist circumference. In the case of high blood pressure, no variable was classified to the multivariate analysis. CONCLUSION This study showed disturbing figures regarding cardiometabolic risk in the children based on comparisons with studies in adolescents. Further studies are needed to confirm the utility of the de Ferranti Mets definition in children.
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18
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Harrison L, Clark L. Contemporary Issues of Social Justice: A Focus on Race and Physical Education in the United States. RESEARCH QUARTERLY FOR EXERCISE AND SPORT 2016; 87:230-241. [PMID: 27462962 DOI: 10.1080/02701367.2016.1199166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Ongoing events in the United States show the continual need to address issues of social justice in every social context. Of particular note in this article, the contemporary national focus on race has thrust social justice issues into the forefront of the country's conscious. Although legal segregation has ran its course, schools and many neighborhoods remain, to a large degree, culturally, ethnically, linguistically, economically, and racially segregated and unequal (Orfield & Lee, 2005). Even though an African American president presently occupies the White House, the idea of a postracial America remains an unrealized ideal. Though social justice and racial discussions are firmly entrenched in educational research, investigations that focus on race are scant in physical education literature. Here, we attempt to develop an understanding of social justice in physical education with a focus on racial concerns. We purposely confine the examination to the U.S. context to avoid the dilution of the importance of these issues, while recognizing other international landscapes may differ significantly. To accomplish this goal, we hope to explicate the undergirding theoretical tenants of critical race theory and culturally relevant pedagogy in relation to social justice in physical education. Finally, we make observations of social justice in the physical education and physical education teacher education realms to address and illuminate areas of concern.
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Rinaldi AEM, Gabriel GFCP, Moreto F, Corrente JE, McLellan KCP, Burini RC. Dietary factors associated with metabolic syndrome and its components in overweight and obese Brazilian schoolchildren: a cross-sectional study. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2016; 8:58. [PMID: 27559363 PMCID: PMC4995765 DOI: 10.1186/s13098-016-0178-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The metabolic syndrome (MS) has been assessed since childhood mainly because of the nutritional and epidemiological transition that has occurred worldwide. Our objectives were to explore the MS and its components according to anthropometric and demographic factors and to assess the relationship among MS components and dietary characteristics in overweight and obese schoolchildren. METHODS This was a cross-sectional study which included 147 schoolchildren (aged 6-10 years) from three elementary schools, with body mass index (BMI) higher than the 85th percentile. Sexual maturation stages, anthropometric measures (weight, height, skinfold thickness and waist circumference), biochemical data (glucose, HDL-C and triacylglycerol), blood pressure and dietary intake were assessed. The metabolic syndrome was diagnosed if three or more of the following components were presented: waist circumference ≥90th age and sex-specific cut-off, blood pressure ≥90th age, sex and height-specific cut-off, glucose ≥100 mg/dL, HDL-C ≥ 40 mg/dL and triacylglycerols ≥ 110 mg/dL. The dietary intake was assessed by three non-consecutive 24-h recalls. The T test, Kruskal-Wallis and multiple linear regression analysis were applied to assess MS components and dietary intake. RESULTS The MS percentage was 10.2 % and it was higher in obese children and ones with high body fat percentage. The waist circumference was the main altered component of MS and 62 % of overweight schoolchildren showed at least one altered component of MS. The components of metabolic syndrome associated with dietary intake were triacylglycerol (positive association with saturated and monounsaturated fat, whole-milk products and processed foods and negative associated with legumes and polyunsaturated fat), glycemia (positive association with processed foods and negative with cereals), HDL-C (positive association with vegetables and greens) and waist circumference was negative associated with protein. CONCLUSIONS The frequency of MS was higher in obese than overweight schoolchildren and the frequency of at least one MS component was high in more than half of our subjects. The waist circumference was the most frequent among all other components. The triacylglycerol and glycemia were the most frequent MS components associated with dietary intake. Unprocessed food was considered a protective dietary factor for MS metabolic components and processed food with high percentage of sugar and saturated fat was a risk factor for MS metabolic components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Elisa Madalena Rinaldi
- School of Medicine, Federal University of Uberlândia (UFU), Rua Pará, nº 1720, Bloco 2U, Uberlândia, MG 38405-320 Brazil
| | | | - Fernando Moreto
- Member of the Exercise Metabolism and Nutrition Center (CeMENutri), Distrito de Rubião Júnior s/n, Botucatu, SP 18618-970 Brazil
| | - José Eduardo Corrente
- Department of Biostatistics, Institute of Biosciences, Distrito de Rubião Júnior, s/n, Botucatu, SP 18618-900 Brazil
| | - Kátia Cristina Portero McLellan
- Texas Institute for Kidney and Endocrine Disorders, Texas Institute for Kidney and Endocrine Disorders, 10 Medical Center Blvd, Ste A Medical Center, Lufkin, 75904 USA
| | - Roberto Carlos Burini
- Botucatu School of Medicine, Public Health Department and Exercise Metabolism and Nutrition Center, São Paulo State University, Distrito de Rubião Júnior, s/n, Botucatu, SP 18618-970 Brazil
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Koochakpoor G, Daneshpour MS, Mirmiran P, Hosseini SA, Hosseini-Esfahani F, Sedaghatikhayat B, Azizi F. The effect of interaction between Melanocortin-4 receptor polymorphism and dietary factors on the risk of metabolic syndrome. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2016; 13:35. [PMID: 27186233 PMCID: PMC4867980 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-016-0092-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Controversial data is available on the effect of the Melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R) gene variation on metabolic syndrome (MetS) and ineffectiveness of diet in managing MetS. Effects of the interaction between MC4R polymorphism and dietary factors on MetS were investigated in this study. METHODS Subjects of this nested case-control study were selected from among participants of Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study. Each case (n = 815) was pair matched randomly with a control by age (±5 years) and sex from among those who had not developed ≥1 MetS components at the time that the corresponding case developed MetS. Dietary patterns were determined using factor analysis on 25 foods groups using a valid and reliable, 168-item semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). MC4R rs12970134 were genotyped by Tetra-Primer ARMS-polymerase chain reaction analysis. Adjusted conditional logistic regression was used to estimate the interactions of SNP with quartiles of dietary factors in relation to MetS. MetS was defined by the modified National Cholesterol Education Program/Adult Treatment panel III. RESULTS Two dietary patterns were extracted. The healthy dietary pattern was loaded heavily on vegetables, legumes, low fat dairy, whole grains, liquid oils and fruits; the western dietary pattern consisted of a high intake of soft drinks, fast foods, sweets, solid oils, red meats, salty snacks, refined grains, high fat dairy, tea and coffee, eggs and poultry. Among A allele carriers, being in the highest quartiles of western dietary pattern score and saturated fatty acid intake had an increased risk of MetS, compared to those in the lowest quartile (P trend = 0.007). Saturated fatty acid intake could modulate the association of A allele carriers of MC4R with MetS (P interaction = 0.03). A significant interaction was observed between rs12970134 with total fat and iron intake on the risk of abdominal obesity (P interaction < 0.05). CONCLUSION Our findings suggest an interaction between rs12970134 and western dietary pattern, fat and vegetable intakes on the risk of MetS or its components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gelareh Koochakpoor
- />Department of Nutrition, School of Paramedicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Maryam S. Daneshpour
- />Cellular Molecular and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parvin Mirmiran
- />Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- />Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Ahmad Hosseini
- />Department of Nutrition, School of Paramedicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Firoozeh Hosseini-Esfahani
- />Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bahareh Sedaghatikhayat
- />Cellular Molecular and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fereidoun Azizi
- />Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Cliff DP, Hesketh KD, Vella SA, Hinkley T, Tsiros MD, Ridgers ND, Carver A, Veitch J, Parrish AM, Hardy LL, Plotnikoff RC, Okely AD, Salmon J, Lubans DR. Objectively measured sedentary behaviour and health and development in children and adolescents: systematic review and meta-analysis. Obes Rev 2016; 17:330-44. [PMID: 26914664 DOI: 10.1111/obr.12371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 191] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2015] [Revised: 11/27/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Sedentary behaviour has emerged as a unique determinant of health in adults. Studies in children and adolescents have been less consistent. We reviewed the evidence to determine if the total volume and patterns (i.e. breaks and bouts) of objectively measured sedentary behaviour were associated with adverse health outcomes in young people, independent of moderate-intensity to vigorous-intensity physical activity. Four electronic databases (EMBASE MEDLINE, Ovid EMBASE, PubMed and Scopus) were searched (up to 12 November 2015) to retrieve studies among 2- to 18-year-olds, which used cross-sectional, longitudinal or experimental designs, and examined associations with health outcomes (adiposity, cardio-metabolic, fitness, respiratory, bone/musculoskeletal, psychosocial, cognition/academic achievement, gross motor development and other outcomes). Based on 88 eligible observational studies, level of evidence grading and quantitative meta-analyses indicated that there is limited available evidence that the total volume or patterns of sedentary behaviour are associated with health in children and adolescents when accounting for moderate-intensity to vigorous-intensity physical activity or focusing on studies with low risk of bias. Quality evidence from studies with robust designs and methods, objective measures of sitting, examining associations for various health outcomes, is needed to better understand if the overall volume or patterns of sedentary behaviour are independent determinants of health in children and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- D P Cliff
- Early Start Research Institute, Faculty of Social Sciences, School of Education, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia.,Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - K D Hesketh
- Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition Research (C-PAN), Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria, Australia
| | - S A Vella
- Early Start Research Institute, Faculty of Social Sciences, School of Education, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia.,Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - T Hinkley
- Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition Research (C-PAN), Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria, Australia
| | - M D Tsiros
- Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity, Sansom Institute for Health Research, School of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - N D Ridgers
- Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition Research (C-PAN), Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria, Australia
| | - A Carver
- Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition Research (C-PAN), Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria, Australia.,School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria, Australia
| | - J Veitch
- Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition Research (C-PAN), Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria, Australia
| | - A-M Parrish
- Early Start Research Institute, Faculty of Social Sciences, School of Education, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia.,Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - L L Hardy
- Prevention Research Collaboration, School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - R C Plotnikoff
- Priority Research Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition, Faculty of Education and Arts, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
| | - A D Okely
- Early Start Research Institute, Faculty of Social Sciences, School of Education, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia.,Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - J Salmon
- Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition Research (C-PAN), Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria, Australia
| | - D R Lubans
- Priority Research Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition, Faculty of Education and Arts, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
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Layne CS, Parker NH, Soltero EG, Rosales Chavez J, O'Connor DP, Gallagher MR, Lee RE. Are physical activity studies in Hispanics meeting reporting guidelines for continuous monitoring technology? A systematic review. BMC Public Health 2015; 15:917. [PMID: 26384488 PMCID: PMC4575489 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-015-2266-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Continuous monitoring technologies such as accelerometers and pedometers are the gold standard for physical activity (PA) measurement. However, inconsistencies in use, analysis, and reporting limit the understanding of dose-response relationships involving PA and the ability to make comparisons across studies and population subgroups. These issues are particularly detrimental to the study of PA across different ethnicities with different PA habits. This systematic review examined the inclusion of published guidelines involving data collection, processing, and reporting among articles using accelerometers or pedometers in Hispanic or Latino populations. METHODS English (PubMed; EbscoHost) and Spanish (SCIELO; Biblioteca Virtual en Salud) articles published between 2000 and 2013 using accelerometers or pedometers to measure PA among Hispanics or Latinos were identified through systematic literature searches. Of the 253 abstracts which were initially reviewed, 57 met eligibility criteria (44 accelerometer, 13 pedometer). Articles were coded and reviewed to evaluate compliance with recommended guidelines (N = 20), and the percentage of accelerometer and pedometer articles following each guideline were computed and reported. RESULTS On average, 57.1 % of accelerometer and 62.2 % of pedometer articles reported each recommended guideline for data collection. Device manufacturer and model were reported most frequently, and provision of instructions for device wear in Spanish was reported least frequently. On average, 29.6 % of accelerometer articles reported each guideline for data processing. Definitions of an acceptable day for inclusion in analyses were reported most frequently, and definitions of an acceptable hour for inclusion in analyses were reported least frequently. On average, 18.8 % of accelerometer and 85.7 % of pedometer articles included each guideline for data reporting. Accelerometer articles most frequently included average number of valid days and least frequently included percentage of wear time. DISCUSSION Inclusion of standard collection and reporting procedures in studies using continuous monitoring devices in Hispanic or Latino population is generally low. CONCLUSIONS Lack of reporting consistency in continuous monitoring studies limits researchers' ability to compare studies or draw meaningful conclusions concerning amounts, quality, and benefits of PA among Hispanic or Latino populations. Reporting data collection, computation, and decision-making standards should be required. Improved interpretability would allow practitioners and researchers to apply scientific findings to promote PA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles S Layne
- Texas Obesity Research Center, Department of Health and Human Performance, University of Houston, Garrison Gymnasium Room 104, 3855 Holman Street, Houston, TX, 77204-6015, USA.
| | - Nathan H Parker
- Texas Obesity Research Center, Department of Health and Human Performance, University of Houston, Garrison Gymnasium Room 104, 3855 Holman Street, Houston, TX, 77204-6015, USA.
| | - Erica G Soltero
- Texas Obesity Research Center, Department of Health and Human Performance, University of Houston, Garrison Gymnasium Room 104, 3855 Holman Street, Houston, TX, 77204-6015, USA.
| | - José Rosales Chavez
- School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Arizona State University, 900 S. Cady Mall, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA.
| | - Daniel P O'Connor
- Texas Obesity Research Center, Department of Health and Human Performance, University of Houston, Garrison Gymnasium Room 104, 3855 Holman Street, Houston, TX, 77204-6015, USA.
| | - Martina R Gallagher
- School of Nursing, University of Texas Health Science Center, 6901 Bertner, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| | - Rebecca E Lee
- Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, College of Nursing and Health Innovation, Arizona State University, 500 N. 3rd Street, Phoenix, AZ, 85004, USA.
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De Luca M, Chandler-Laney PC, Wiener H, Fernandez JR. Common variants in the LAMA5 gene associate with fasting plasma glucose and serum triglyceride levels in a cohort of pre-and early pubertal children. J Pediatr Genet 2015; 1. [PMID: 23264881 DOI: 10.3233/pge-12036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Laminins are large glycoproteins found in basement membranes where they play a vital role in tissue architecture and cell behavior. Previously, we reported the association of two LAMA5 polymorphisms (rs659822 and rs944895) with anthropometric traits, fasting lipid profile, and plasma glucose levels in pre-menopausal women and elderly subjects. Furthermore, earlier work in mice showed that Lama5 is involved in organogenesis and placental function during pregnancy. The objective of this study was to investigate whether LAMA5 rs659822 or rs944895 are associated with inter-individual variability in birth weight as well as anthropometric, fasting lipid profile, and fasting glucose levels in children. Two hundred and eighty nine healthy children aged 7-12 years of European, Hispanic, and African-American ancestry were studied. Co-dominant models adjusted for genetic admixture, age, gender, and stages of puberty were used to test for the association of the polymorphisms with each trait. Our analysis showed significant associations of rs659822 with fasting plasma glucose levels (p = 0.0004) and of rs944895 with fasting serum triglycerides (p = 0.004) after Bonferroni correction for multiple testing. Our results corroborate our previous findings that genetic variants in LAMA5 contribute to variation in metabolic phenotypes and provide evidence that this may occur early in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria De Luca
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
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Effects of protein intake on blood pressure, insulin sensitivity and blood lipids in children: a systematic review. Br J Nutr 2015; 113:383-402. [PMID: 25622044 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114514003699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
High protein intake in early childhood is associated with obesity, suggesting possible adverse effects on other cardiometabolic outcomes. However, studies in adults have suggested beneficial effects of protein intake on blood pressure (BP) and lipid profile. Whether dietary protein intake is associated with cardiovascular and metabolic health in children is unclear. Therefore, we aimed to systematically review the evidence on the associations of protein intake with BP, insulin sensitivity and blood lipids in children. We searched the databases Medline, Embase, Cochrane Central and PubMed for interventional and observational studies in healthy children up to the age of 18 years, in which associations of total, animal and/or vegetable protein intake with one or more of the following outcomes were reported: BP; measures of insulin sensitivity; cholesterol levels; or TAG levels. In the search, we identified 6636 abstracts, of which fifty-six studies met all selection criteria. In general, the quality of the included studies was low. Most studies were cross-sectional, and many did not control for potential confounders. No overall associations were observed between protein intake and insulin sensitivity or blood lipids. A few studies suggested an inverse association between dietary protein intake and BP, but evidence was inconclusive. Only four studies examined the effects of vegetable or animal protein intake, but with inconsistent results. In conclusion, the literature, to date provides insufficient evidence for effects of protein intake on BP, insulin sensitivity or blood lipids in children. Future studies could be improved by adequately adjusting for key confounders such as energy intake and obesity.
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Tófolo LP, da Silva Ribeiro TA, Malta A, Miranda RA, Gomes RM, de Oliveira JC, Abdennebi-Najar L, de Almeida DL, Trombini AB, da Silva Franco CC, Pavanello A, Fabricio GS, Rinaldi W, Barella LF, de Freitas Mathias PC, Palma-Rigo K. Short-term moderate exercise provides long-lasting protective effects against metabolic dysfunction in rats fed a high-fat diet. Eur J Nutr 2014; 54:1353-62. [DOI: 10.1007/s00394-014-0816-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2014] [Accepted: 12/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Andaki ACR, Tinôco ALA, Mendes EL, Andaki Júnior R, Hills AP, Amorim PRS. Anthropometry and physical activity level in the prediction of metabolic syndrome in children. Public Health Nutr 2014; 17:2287-94. [PMID: 24063585 PMCID: PMC10282609 DOI: 10.1017/s136898001300253x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2012] [Revised: 07/23/2013] [Accepted: 08/14/2013] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effectiveness of anthropometric measures and physical activity level in the prediction of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in children. DESIGN Cross-sectional study with children from public and private schools. Children underwent an anthropometric assessment, blood pressure measurement and biochemical evaluation of serum for determination of TAG, HDL-cholesterol and glucose. Physical activity level was calculated and number of steps per day obtained using a pedometer for seven consecutive days. SETTING Viçosa, south-eastern Brazil. SUBJECTS Boys and girls (n 187), mean age 9·90 (SD 0·7) years. RESULTS Conicity index, sum of four skinfolds, physical activity level and number of steps per day were accurate in predicting MetS in boys. Anthropometric indicators were accurate in predicting MetS for girls, specifically BMI, waist circumference measured at the narrowest point and at the level of the umbilicus, four skinfold thickness measures evaluated separately, the sum of subscapular and triceps skinfold thickness, the sum of four skinfolds and body fat percentage. CONCLUSIONS The sum of four skinfolds was the most accurate method in predicting MetS in both genders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alynne Christian Ribeiro Andaki
- Nutrition and Health Department, Viçosa Federal University, DNS – Prédio CCBII, Sexto andar, Lab. 47 – Campus UFV, Viçosa, MG, 36570-000 Brazil
| | - Adelson Luiz Araújo Tinôco
- Nutrition and Health Department, Viçosa Federal University, DNS – Prédio CCBII, Sexto andar, Lab. 47 – Campus UFV, Viçosa, MG, 36570-000 Brazil
| | - Edmar Lacerda Mendes
- Sport Science Department, Triângulo Mineiro Federal University, Uberaba, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Andrew P Hills
- Mater Mother's Hospital, Mater Medical Research Institute and Griffith Health Institute, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia
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Fröberg A, Raustorp A. Objectively measured sedentary behaviour and cardio-metabolic risk in youth: a review of evidence. Eur J Pediatr 2014; 173:845-60. [PMID: 24844351 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-014-2333-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2014] [Revised: 04/24/2014] [Accepted: 05/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The aim of this paper was to review studies that examine the association between volume and pattern of objectively measured sedentary behaviour and markers of cardio-metabolic risk in youth. A search for relevant articles was conducted in PubMed and SportDiscus, and the following inclusion criteria were applied: (i) youth participants (age range 6-19); (ii) accelerometer-measured volume and/or pattern of sedentary behaviour and its association with ≥1 cardio-metabolic outcome; and (iii) published, in press or accepted in an English language peer-reviewed journal between January 2000 and October 2013. A total of 45 articles met the a priori criteria and, thus, were considered eligible for inclusion. Although youth accumulate approximately 6 to 8 h of daily sedentary behaviour, little evidence supports an association with individual and clustered cardio-metabolic risk when adjusted for moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA). CONCLUSION We suggest that youth should be encouraged to engage in recommended levels of MVPA and reduce excessive time spent in screen-based sedentary behaviour. Future studies should examine the association between volume and pattern of objectively measured sedentary behaviour and cardio-metabolic risk independent of time spent in MVPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Fröberg
- Department of Food and Nutrition, and Sport Science, University of Gothenburg, Sweden, Läroverksgatan 5, PO Box 300,, SE-405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden,
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van den Hooven EH, de Jonge LL, Kiefte-de Jong JC, Raat H, Villamor E, Hofman A, Felix JF, Jaddoe VWV, Moll HA, Franco OH. Infant macronutrient composition is associated with differences in cardiovascular structures and function in childhood. J Nutr 2013; 143:1989-98. [PMID: 24068791 DOI: 10.3945/jn.113.179440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Early-life nutrition may influence cardiovascular development. Not much is known about the associations between dietary composition and cardiovascular risk factors in childhood. We examined the associations of infant macronutrient intake with cardiovascular structures and function in 2882 children participating in a prospective, population-based cohort study. Information on macronutrient intake at the age of 14 mo was obtained from food-frequency questionnaires completed by a parent. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure, carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (PWV), fractional shortening, and left cardiac structures (left atrial diameter, aortic root diameter, and left ventricular mass) were measured at the age of 6 y. Linear regression analyses were performed by using energy-adjusted macronutrient intakes, adjusted for maternal, child, and other dietary factors. Higher total fat intake was associated with higher carotid-femoral PWV (P-trend = 0.03), whereas higher intakes of total carbohydrate and mono- and disaccharides were associated with lower carotid-femoral PWV. No consistent associations were observed for macronutrient intake with systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, fractional shortening, and aortic root diameter. Higher intakes of total, saturated, monounsaturated, and polyunsaturated fat were associated with lower left atrial diameter (all P-trend ≤ 0.01), and higher total carbohydrate and mono- and disaccharide intakes were associated with higher left atrial diameter (P-trend < 0.01 and 0.02, respectively). Furthermore, the third tertile of mono- and disaccharide intake was associated with a higher left ventricular mass (difference: 1.01 g; 95% CI: 0.18, 1.85 g; P = 0.02). Dietary macronutrient composition in infancy may lead to developmental differences in cardiovascular structures and function in childhood. Further studies are needed to investigate whether these differences have consequences for the risk of future cardiovascular disease.
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Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a cluster of risk factors that significantly increases the risk of cardiovascular disease. The lack of universally accepted diagnosis criteria makes it difficult to know the real prevalence of MetS in both adult and pediatric population. Lifestyle, especially nutritional habits and physical activity, have been suggested to be independent risk factors for the development of MetS. Recent studies highlight the need to prioritize overall dietary patterns, rather than isolated nutrients, to better appraise the associations between nutritional habits and MetS. In this review we summarize recently published intervention trials and systematic reviews that evaluated the association between overall dietary patterns and the risk of MetS. Westernized dietary patterns, characterized by a high consumption of meat or meat products, snacks, baked desserts and sugar-sweetened beverages, which provide high amounts of saturated fatty acids and simple carbohydrates as added sugars, have been associated with higher risk of MetS. In contrast, more traditional dietary patterns, including the Mediterranean dietary pattern (MDP), characterized by a high consumption of vegetables, fruits, whole cereals and fish are associated with a reduced risk of MetS. The main characteristics of the MDP include a high consumption of nuts and olive oil, resulting in a relatively fat-rich pattern that provides high amounts of mono- and polyunsaturated fatty acids, bioactive polyphenols and dietary fiber. Strong evidence is accumulating to support that a closer conformity with the MDP is inversely associated with the incidence of MetS, cardiovascular risk factors, diabetes and cardiovascular disease.
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The impact of ethnicity on objectively measured physical activity in children. ISRN OBESITY 2013; 2013:757431. [PMID: 24555154 PMCID: PMC3901979 DOI: 10.1155/2013/757431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2012] [Accepted: 12/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Obesity and obesity-related diseases (cardiovascular disease/metabolic risk factors) are experienced differently in individuals from different ethnic backgrounds, which originate in childhood. Physical activity is a modifiable risk factor for obesity and related diseases. Both physical activity and metabolic risk factors track to adulthood, and thus understanding the physical activity patterns in children from different ethnic backgrounds is important. Given the limitations of self-report measures in children, this study provides a review of studies which have objectively measured physical activity patterns in children from different ethnic backgrounds. From a total of 16 studies, it can be concluded that physical activity does seem to vary amongst the ethnic groups especially South Asian and Black compared to White EU (European Union). The findings are less consistent for Hispanic/Mexican American children. However, there are several methodological limitations which need to be considered in future studies. Firstly, there is a need for consistency in the measurement of physical activity. Secondly, there are a range of complex factors such as socioeconomic status and body composition which affect both physical activity and ethnicity. Studies have failed to account for these differences limiting the ability to generalise that ethnicity is an independent risk factor for physical activity.
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Joint association of physical activity/screen time and diet on CVD risk factors in 10-year-old children. Front Med 2012; 6:428-35. [PMID: 23224418 DOI: 10.1007/s11684-012-0232-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2012] [Accepted: 10/08/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Vangeepuram N, Mervish N, Galvez MP, Brenner B, Wolff MS. Dietary and physical activity behaviors of New York City children from different ethnic minority subgroups. Acad Pediatr 2012; 12:481-8. [PMID: 22985985 PMCID: PMC3501563 DOI: 10.1016/j.acap.2012.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2012] [Revised: 06/22/2012] [Accepted: 06/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine racial/ethnic differences in diet and physical activity behaviors in ethnic minority New York City children. METHODS Cross-sectional data from a community-based study of 486 6- to 8-year-old children were used. Race/ethnicity was derived using a caregiver's report of child's race and Hispanic ancestry. Dietary intake was obtained by 24-hour diet recalls using the Nutrition Data System for Research. Physical activity was assessed with pedometers and caregiver interviews. We compared diet and activity measures across racial/ethnic subgroups using chi-square and analysis of variance tests. Multivariate analyses adjusted for age, gender, body mass index, and caregiver education (with breastfeeding history and total energy intake included in diet models). RESULTS Participants (N = 486) were categorized as Mexican (29.4%), Dominican (8.4%), Puerto Rican (20.6%), other/mixed Hispanic (14.0%), or non-Hispanic black (27.6%). Obesity rates were lower in non-Hispanic blacks (18%) than in Hispanics (31%). Mexicans had the lowest obesity rates among Hispanic subgroups (25%), and Dominicans had the highest (39%). There were differences in mean daily servings of food groups, with Mexicans having healthier diets and Puerto Ricans and non-Hispanic Blacks having less healthy diets. Sedentary time was lower in Mexicans than in other groups in adjusted models. Examination of additional models, including home language, did not show significant differences in the estimates. CONCLUSION Diet and activity behaviors varied across racial/ethnic subgroups. Specifically, Mexican children had healthier diets, the least amount of sedentary time, and the lowest rates of obesity among the Hispanic subgroups examined. Targeted interventions in ethnic subgroups may be warranted to address specific behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Vangeepuram
- Departments of Preventive Medicine and Pediatrics (Division of General Pediatrics), Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - N Mervish
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - MP Galvez
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - B Brenner
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - MS Wolff
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York
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dos Santos FK, Gomes TNQF, Damasceno A, Prista A, Eisenmann J, Maia JAR. Physical activity, fitness and the metabolic syndrome in rural youths from Mozambique. Ann Hum Biol 2012; 40:15-22. [PMID: 23013538 DOI: 10.3109/03014460.2012.720708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Except for North America and Europe, few studies have reported the association among physical activity (PA), cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and metabolic syndrome (MetS) in youths, especially for rural African youth. AIM The aims of this study were to determine the prevalence of PA levels, CRF, MetS and its indicators, and examine the association between these variables in a school-aged sample of youth from rural Mozambique. SUBJECTS AND METHODS The sample included 209 children and adolescents aged 7-15 years old from Calanga, a rural community in Mozambique. PA was estimated with a culturally-specific questionnaire. CRF was determined by 1-mile run test. Indicators of the MetS included fasting glucose, triglycerides, total cholesterol, blood pressure and body mass index. A continuous metabolic risk score was computed. RESULTS Results showed high levels of PA and CRF and a low prevalence of MetS ( < 2%) among children and adolescents from Calanga. However, there was a moderately high prevalence of elevated blood pressure (81.8%) and triglycerides (18.7%), respectively. There were no significant associations between PA, CRF and MetS. CONCLUSION Youths from Calanga are physically active and possess high CRF and their lifestyle may be a protective effect against MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Karina dos Santos
- Laboratório de Cineantropometria, Faculdade de Desporto, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Plácido Costa 91, Porto, Portugal.
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Kelishadi R, Malekahmadi M, Hashemipour M, Soghrati M, Soghrati M, Mirmoghtadaee P, Ghatrehsamani S, Poursafa P, Khavarian N. Can a trial of motivational lifestyle counseling be effective for controlling childhood obesity and the associated cardiometabolic risk factors? Pediatr Neonatol 2012; 53:90-7. [PMID: 22503255 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedneo.2012.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2010] [Revised: 03/28/2011] [Accepted: 04/18/2011] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study was conducted to assess the effectiveness of a simple office-based program for encouraging healthy lifestyle on controlling childhood obesity and associated cardiometabolic risk factors. METHODS This non-randomized 24-week lifestyle modification trial was conducted among 457 obese children and adolescents, aged 2-18 years, who had at least one cardiometabolic risk factor in addition to obesity. This trial included three components of exercise, diet education and behavior modification, with all recommendations provided by a pediatrician, two general physicians and a nurse. Instead of strict inhibitory recommendations, healthier lifestyle was encouraged. RESULTS Overall 448 (98.04%) of enrolled children completed the trial with a mean age of 9.6 ± 2.9 years. After the trial, the mean of anthropometric measures and cardiometabolic risk factors decreased significantly, the mean high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) increased significantly, and the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome decreased from 20.8% to 1.8%. Triglycerides, LDL-C, diastolic blood pressure and WC had the highest decrease in all age groups, with the most prominent changes in the 14-18-year age group. By each -1SD decline in BMI and WC, risk factors had significant improvement. CONCLUSION Motivational office-based counseling can be effective in treatment of childhood obesity and its associated cardio-metabolic risk factors. Such approach can be implemented in the primary health care system; and can be of special concern in low- and middle-income countries with limited human and financial resources. We suggest that expanding the roles of non-physician clinicians such as nurse practitioners can help to increase the amount of time available for such services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roya Kelishadi
- Pediatric Preventive Cardiology Department, Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
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Fernández-Bergés D, Cabrera de León A, Sanz H, Elosua R, Guembe MJ, Alzamora M, Vega-Alonso T, Félix-Redondo FJ, Ortiz-Marrón H, Rigo F, Lama C, Gavrila D, Segura-Fragoso A, Lozano L, Marrugat J. Síndrome metabólico en España: prevalencia y riesgo coronario asociado a la definición armonizada y a la propuesta por la OMS. Estudio DARIOS. Rev Esp Cardiol 2012; 65:241-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.recesp.2011.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2011] [Accepted: 10/22/2011] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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de Munter JSL, van Valkengoed IG, Stronks K, Agyemang C. Total physical activity might not be a good measure in the relationship with HDL cholesterol and triglycerides in a multi-ethnic population: a cross-sectional study. Lipids Health Dis 2011; 10:223. [PMID: 22128756 PMCID: PMC3248851 DOI: 10.1186/1476-511x-10-223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2011] [Accepted: 11/30/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence suggests that physical activity (PA) has a beneficial effect on high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL) and triglycerides. However, observational studies show contrasting results for this association between different ethnic groups. It is unclear whether this is due to differences in the PA composition. The aim of this study was to assess the relationship of the total PA, along with its intensity and duration, with HDL and triglycerides in a multi-ethnic population. METHODS The study population was sampled from the SUNSET study and included: 502 European- Dutch, 338 Hindustani-Surinamese, and 596 African-Surinamese participants living in Amsterdam, the Netherlands. We assessed PA with the SQUASH questionnaire. We calculated age-sex-adjusted betas, geometric mean ratios (GMRs), and prevalence ratios (PRs) to assess the relationship of PA with HDL and triglycerides. RESULTS In the adjusted models, the highest total PA tertile compared to the lowest tertile was beneficially associated with HDL (beta: 0.08, 95% CI: 0.00, 0.16 and PR low HDL 0.59, 95% CI: 0.39, 0.88) and triglycerides (GMR: 0.93, 95% CI: 0.83, 1.03 and PR: 0.56, 95% CI: 0.29, 1.08) for the African-Surinamese. No statistically significant associations appeared for total PA among the European-Dutch and Hindustani-Surinamese. The adjusted models with the intensity score and HDL showed beneficial associations for the European-Dutch (beta: 0.06, 95% CI: 0.03, 0.10) and African-Surinamese (beta: 0.06, 0.02, 0.10), for log triglycerides for the European-Dutch (beta: -0.08, 95% CI: -0.12, 0.03), Hindustani-Surinamese (beta: -0.06, 95% CI: -0.16, 0.03), and African-Surinamese (beta: -0.04, 95% CI: -0.10, 0.01). Excepting HDL in African-Surinamese, the duration score was unrelated to HDL and triglycerides in any group. CONCLUSIONS Activity intensity related beneficially to blood lipids in almost every ethnic group. The activity duration was unrelated to blood lipids, while the total PA 'summary score' was associated only with blood lipids for African-Surinamese. The difference in total PA composition is the most probable explanation for ethnic differences in the total PA association with blood lipids. Multi-ethnic observational studies should include not only a measure of the total PA, but other measures of PA as well, particularly the intensity of activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeroen SL de Munter
- Academic Medical Center, Department of Public Health, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Irene G van Valkengoed
- Academic Medical Center, Department of Public Health, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Karien Stronks
- Academic Medical Center, Department of Public Health, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Charles Agyemang
- Academic Medical Center, Department of Public Health, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Guinhouya BC, Samouda H, Zitouni D, Vilhelm C, Hubert H. Evidence of the influence of physical activity on the metabolic syndrome and/or on insulin resistance in pediatric populations: a systematic review. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 6:361-88. [DOI: 10.3109/17477166.2011.605896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Casazza K, Hanks LJ, Beasley TM, Fernandez JR. Beyond thriftiness: independent and interactive effects of genetic and dietary factors on variations in fat deposition and distribution across populations. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2011; 145:181-91. [PMID: 21365611 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.21483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2010] [Accepted: 12/06/2010] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The thrifty genotype hypothesis initiated speculation that feast and famine cycling throughout history may have led to group-specific alterations of the human genome, thereby augmenting the capacity for excessive fat mass accrual when immersed in the modern-day obesogenic environment. Contemporary work, however, suggests alternative mechanisms influencing fuel utilization and subsequent tissue partitioning to be more relevant in the etiology of population-based variation in adipose storage. The objective of this study was to evaluate the independent and interactive contribution of ancestral admixture as a proxy for population-based genetic variation and diet on adipose tissue deposition and distribution in peripubertal children and to identify differences in racial/ethnic and sex groups. Two-hundred seventy-eight children (53% male) aged 7-12 years, categorized by parental self-report as African- (n = 91), European- (n = 110), or Hispanic American (n = 77), participated. Ancestral genetic admixture was estimated using 140 ancestry informative markers. Body composition was evaluated by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry; energy expenditure by indirect calorimetry and accelerometry; and diet by 24-h-recall. Admixture independently contributed to all adiposity parameters; i.e., estimates of European and Amerindian ancestries were positively associated with all adiposity parameters, whereas African genetic admixture was inversely associated with adiposity. In boys, energy intake was associated with adiposity, irrespective of macronutrient profile, whereas in girls, the relationship was mediated by carbohydrate. We also observed moderating effects of energy balance/fuel utilization of the interaction between ancestral genetic admixture and diet. Interactive effects of genetic and non-genetic factors alter metabolic pathways and underlie some of the present population-based differences in fat storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krista Casazza
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294-3360, USA.
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Duarte CW, Klimentidis YC, Harris JJ, Cardel M, Fernández JR. A Hybrid Bayesian Network/Structural Equation (BN/SEM) Modeling Approach for Detecting Physiological Networks for Obesity-related Genetic Variants. PROCEEDINGS. IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON BIOINFORMATICS AND BIOMEDICINE 2011:696-702. [PMID: 22318170 PMCID: PMC3272699 DOI: 10.1109/bibmw.2011.6112455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
GWAS studies have been successful in finding genetic determinants of obesity. To translate discovered genetic variants into new therapies or prevention strategies, molecular or physiological mechanisms need to be discovered. One strategy is to perform data mining of data sets with detailed phenotypic data, such as those present in dbGAP (database of Genotypes and Phenotypes) for hypothesis generation. We propose a novel technique that combines the power and computational efficiency of existing Bayesian Network (BN) learning algorithms with the statistical rigor of Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) to produce an overall system that searches the space of potential networks and evaluates promising candidates using standard SEM model selection criteria. We demonstrate our method using the analysis of a candidate SNP data set from the AMERICO sample, a multi-ethnic cross-sectional cohort of roughly three hundred children with detailed obesity-related phenotypes. We demonstrate our approach by showing genetic mechanisms for three obesity-related SNPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine W. Duarte
- Section on Statistical Genetics, Department of Biostatistics, University of Alabama at Birmingham
| | - Yann C. Klimentidis
- Section on Statistical Genetics, Department of Biostatistics, University of Alabama at Birmingham
| | - Jacqueline J. Harris
- Section on Statistical Genetics, Department of Biostatistics, University of Alabama at Birmingham
| | - Michelle Cardel
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham
| | - José R. Fernández
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham
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Das M, Pal S, Arnab G. Association of metabolic syndrome with obesity measures, metabolic profiles, and intake of dietary fatty acids in people of Asian Indian origin. J Cardiovasc Dis Res 2010; 1:130-5. [PMID: 21187867 PMCID: PMC2982201 DOI: 10.4103/0975-3583.70911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present community-based cross-sectional study was aimed to examine the association of metabolic syndrome (MS) with obesity measures, metabolic profiles, and intake of dietary fatty acids in Asian Indian population. PATIENTS AND METHODS A total of 350 adult (30 years and above) individuals (184 males and 166 females) inhabiting in and around Kolkata, India participated in this study. MS was defined using the protocol specifically designed for Asian Indian population. RESULTS The prevalence of MS in the study was 31.4%. The prevalence was significantly higher (P < 0.01) in females (48.2%) as compared to males (16.3%). It was observed that males without MS had significantly higher mean waist circumference (WC P < 0.05); waist-hip ratio (WHR; P < 0.001); triglyceride (TG; P < 0.05); very low density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDLc; P < 0.05) and fasting blood glucose (FBG; P < 0.01) as compared to females without MS. Significant differences were also observed for dietary intake of total fatty acids (TFA; P < 0.001); saturated fatty acids (SFA; P < 0.001) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA; P < 0.001) between individuals with and without MS. However, no significant association was observed in individuals with MS after controlling for age and sex. On the other, WC and body mass index (BMI) had significant correlation with SFA: mono unsaturated fatty acids (MUFA; P < 0.01) in individuals without MS even after controlling for age and sex. CONCLUSION It seem reasonable to argue that while dealing with MS in Asian Indians, clinicians should consider obesity measures, metabolic profiles and dietary fatty acids simultaneously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mithun Das
- Postgraduate Department of Anthropology, Sree Chaitanya College, Habra, West Bengal, India
| | - Susil Pal
- Human Genetic Engineering Research Centre, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Ghosh Arnab
- Biomedical Research Laboratory, Department of Anthropology, Visva Bharati University, Santiniketan, West Bengal, India
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Casazza K, Willig AL, Gower BA, Nagy TR, Hunter GR, Wallace S, Amaya M, Franklin F, Beasley M, Fernandez JR. The role of European genetic admixture in the etiology of the insulin resistance syndrome in children: are the effects mediated by fat accumulation? J Pediatr 2010; 157:50-56.e1. [PMID: 20304426 PMCID: PMC3119818 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2010.01.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2009] [Revised: 11/24/2009] [Accepted: 01/26/2010] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the contribution of European genetic admixture (EUADM) to insulin resistance syndrome (IRS) in a multiethnic sample of children age 7-12 years, and to explore whether body fat affects this relationship. STUDY DESIGN Anthropometric measurements and blood pressure were assessed in 243 children. After an overnight fast, an intravenous glucose tolerance test was conducted, and measures of fasting insulin/glucose, lipids, insulin sensitivity (SI), and acute insulin response to glucose (AIRg) were obtained. The proportion of EUADM was determined by maximum likelihood estimation using 140 ancestry informative markers. Subjects were stratified into tertiles according to the proportion of EUADM for analyses. Subjects were categorized as lean or obese using body fat percentage cutpoints (25% in boys, 30% in girls). RESULTS Among lean subjects (72%), the tertile representing the greatest proportion of EUADM was associated with higher SI (P<.001) and serum glucose (P<.05) and lower insulin (P<.05), AIRg (P<.001), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (P=.05), and blood pressure (P<.05). However, among obese subjects, EUADM was associated only with SI (P<.05). CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that population differences in IRS likely have a genetic component, but that the influence of genetic background may be masked by obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krista Casazza
- Department of Nutrition Sciences and Clinical Nutrition Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Amanda L. Willig
- Department of Nutrition Sciences and Clinical Nutrition Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Barbara A. Gower
- Department of Nutrition Sciences and Clinical Nutrition Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Tim R. Nagy
- Department of Nutrition Sciences and Clinical Nutrition Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Gary R. Hunter
- Department of Education and Clinical Nutrition Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Stephenie Wallace
- Department of Pediatrics and Clinical Nutrition Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Mia Amaya
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
| | - Frank Franklin
- Department of Health Behaviors, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Mark Beasley
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Jose R. Fernandez
- Department of Nutrition Sciences and Clinical Nutrition Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL,Department of Biostatistics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
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Lee YA, Shin CH, Lim JS. Measures against Pediatric Metabolic Syndrome. JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION 2010. [DOI: 10.5124/jkma.2010.53.5.392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Young Ah Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Korea
| | - Choong Ho Shin
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Korea
| | - Jung Sub Lim
- Department of Pediatrics, Korea Cancer Center Hospital, Korea
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Sharma S, Roberts LS, Hudes ML, Lustig RH, Fleming SE. Macronutrient intakes and cardio metabolic risk factors in high BMI African American children. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2009; 6:41. [PMID: 19825190 PMCID: PMC2770039 DOI: 10.1186/1743-7075-6-41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2009] [Accepted: 10/13/2009] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between intakes of energy-providing macronutrients, and markers of cardio metabolic risk factors in high BMI African American (AA) children. METHODS A cross sectional analysis of a sample of 9-11 year old children (n = 80) with BMI greater then the 85th percentile. Fasting hematological and biochemical measurements, and blood pressure were measured as selected markers of cardio metabolic risk factors and their relationships to dietary intakes determined. RESULTS After adjusting for gender, pubertal stage and waist circumference (WC), multivariate regression analysis showed that higher total energy intakes (when unadjusted for source of energy) were associated with higher plasma concentrations of intermediate density lipoprotein cholesterol (IDL-C) and very low density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C). Higher intakes of carbohydrate energy (fat and protein held constant) were associated with higher IDL-C, VLDL-C, triglycerides (TG) and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). Higher intakes of fat (carbohydrate and protein held constant), however, were associated with lower IDL-C; and higher protein intakes (fat and carbohydrate held constant) were associated with lower HOMA-IR. CONCLUSION The specific macronutrients that contribute energy are significantly associated with a wide range of cardio metabolic risk factors in high BMI AA children. Increases in carbohydrate energy were associated with undesirable effects including increases in several classes of plasma lipids and HOMA-IR. Increases in protein energy were associated with the desirable effect of reduced HOMA-IR, and fat energy intakes were associated with the desirable effect of reduced IDL-C. This analysis suggests that the effect of increased energy on risk of developing cardio metabolic risk factors is influenced by the source of that energy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sushma Sharma
- The Dr Robert C and Veronica Atkins Center for Weight and Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-3100, USA.
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Abstract
Metabolic consequences of obesity including insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, polycystic ovarian syndrome, and non-alcoholic fatty liver infiltration are rapidly emerging in the pediatric population. Identifying effective strategies for identifying and treating these obesity related comorbidities in children are crucial to the prevention of future cardiovascular disease and poor health outcomes.This review discusses the pathophysiologic connections between obesity, metabolic disease and cardiovascular risk. Current evidence and recommendations for screening and treatment for the metabolic consequences of pediatric obesity are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie Larson Ode
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, University of Minnesota, 420 Delaware Street SE, MMC 404, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
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Abstracts. Metab Syndr Relat Disord 2009. [DOI: 10.1089/met.2009.0702.abs] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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