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Hetlevik Ø, Smith-Sivertsen T, Haukenes I, Ruths S, Baste V. Young adults with depression: A registry-based longitudinal study of work-life marginalisation. The Norwegian GP-DEP study. Scand J Public Health 2024; 52:590-597. [PMID: 37066887 PMCID: PMC11292960 DOI: 10.1177/14034948231165089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To explore the association between a depression diagnosis in young adulthood and risk of marginalisation at age 29 years, among those who had completed upper secondary school and those who had not completed at age 21. METHODS In a longitudinal cohort study based on nationwide registers we followed 111,558 people from age 22-29 years. Outcomes were risk of marginalisation and educational achievement at age 29. Exposure was a diagnosed depression at ages 22-26 years. Comorbid mental and somatic health conditions, gender and country of origin were covariates. Relative risks were estimated with Poisson regression models, stratified by educational level at age 21. RESULTS For people who had not completed upper secondary school at age 21 years, a depression diagnosis at age 22-26 increased the risk of low income (relative risk = 1.33; 95% confidence interval = 1.25-1.40), prolonged unemployment benefit (1.46; 1.38-1.55) and social security benefit (1.56; 1.41-1.74) at age 29 compared with those with no depression. Among those who had completed upper secondary school at age 21 years, depression increased the risk of low income (1.71; 1.60-1.83), prolonged unemployment benefit (2.17; 2.03-2.31), social security benefit (3.62; 2.91-4.51) and disability pension (4.43; 3.26-6.01) compared with those with no depression. Mental comorbidity had a significant impact on risk of marginalisation in both groups. CONCLUSIONS Depression in one's mid-20s significantly increases the risk of marginalisation at age 29 years, and comorbid mental health conditions reinforce this association. Functional ability should be given priority in depression care in early adulthood to counteract marginalisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Øystein Hetlevik
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Norway
- Research Unit for General Practice, NORCE Norwegian Research Centre, Norway
| | - Tone Smith-Sivertsen
- Research Unit for General Practice, NORCE Norwegian Research Centre, Norway
- Division of Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, Norway
| | - Inger Haukenes
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Norway
- Research Unit for General Practice, NORCE Norwegian Research Centre, Norway
| | - Sabine Ruths
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Norway
- Research Unit for General Practice, NORCE Norwegian Research Centre, Norway
| | - Valborg Baste
- Research Unit for General Practice, NORCE Norwegian Research Centre, Norway
- National Centre for Emergency Primary Health Care, NORCE Norwegian Research Centre, Norway
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2
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Kodzo LD, Danso NAA, Budu JT, Akriti KB, Hussain A, Zhang R. Experience of psychosocial rehabilitation; perspectives of depressed adolescents. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2024:10.1007/s00787-024-02473-z. [PMID: 38809300 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-024-02473-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
Given the multifaceted character of depression and its related symptoms, an adolescent living with it is at increased risk for a wide range of adverse events. This research aimed to understand and characterize the psychosocial rehabilitation experiences of depressed teenage participants in the Greater Accra Region of Ghana. A cross-sectional semi-structured interview design influenced by an interpretive phenomenological analysis (IPA) technique was adopted. We employed a nonprobability, purposeful sampling approach to recruit twenty-one adolescents (6 males, 15 females) diagnosed with depression from the community after one month of discharge from admission and undergoing psychosocial rehabilitation. Using separate interviews, we gathered and analyzed data using interpretive phenomenological analysis to produce themes and sub-themes. These were presented with the participants' direct quotations. We discovered that the perspectives of adolescents' psychosocial rehabilitation experience include hopelessness and suicide ideation, coping difficulties, undesirable attitudes from support networks, challenges related to school, and isolation. Participants suggested appropriate therapeutic environments, encouraging support systems, and the media's role in preventing and treating depression among young people as rehabilitation approaches that could assist adolescents to remain lucid for longer intervals. These results shed light on the tragic realities faced by depressed adolescents. There is an urgent need to put well-defined structures in place to aid their rehabilitation and develop coping strategies for a better life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lalit Dzifa Kodzo
- School of Nursing and Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Nursing and Midwifery Training College, Central Region, Twifo Praso, Ghana
- School of International Education, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Organization of African Academic Doctors (OAAD), Off Kamiti Road, Nairobi, Kenya
| | | | | | | | - Abid Hussain
- School of Nursing and Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ruixing Zhang
- School of Nursing and Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
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3
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Goll CB, Sørlie T, Friborg O, Ottosen KO, Sæle RG. Poorer self-reported mental health and general health among first year upper secondary school students do not predict school dropout: a five-year prospective study. Front Psychol 2024; 15:1304314. [PMID: 38440235 PMCID: PMC10911125 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1304314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Education is important for socioeconomic, work and health status; thus, dropping out of secondary school is of major concern. In Norway, 1 out of 5 is dropping out from upper secondary education. Academic performance is a known predictor for dropout, but the role of mental and general health status is studied less. Methods By use of student data collected during the first school year we examined the accumulated risk of school dropout over 5 years. Students entering upper secondary school in a North-Norwegian region (Troms County) completed a comprehensive questionnaire during August 2010 (N = 1,676, 69% response rate). The contribution of mental and general health problems in predicting five-year dropout was of primary interest, adjusted for demographics and academic performance. Results One-third of the students had dropped out after 5 years. A logistic regression analysis showed no significant effect of mental and general health problems on dropout. Among the covariates, higher grades from lower secondary education reduced the chance of dropping out (OR = 0.31; p < 0.001). Subgroup analyses showed that students in the vocational track reported poorer mental and general health, compared to students in the general track, but this difference was not related to dropout. General track students were also less likely to drop out than vocational track students (OR for dropout 0.66; p < 0.05). Discussion In conclusion, lower grades from lower secondary education represented a warning flag for school dropout during upper secondary education whereas mental health issues were not.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Bjørnskov Goll
- Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- Department of Mental Health and Substance Abuse, University Hospital of North Norway (UNN), Tromsø, Norway
| | - Tore Sørlie
- Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- Department of Mental Health and Substance Abuse, University Hospital of North Norway (UNN), Tromsø, Norway
| | - Oddgeir Friborg
- Department of Psychology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Karl Ottar Ottosen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Rannveig Grøm Sæle
- Department of Psychology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
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4
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Sielaty R, Boutzoukas AE, Zimmerman KO, Caison B, Charles CO, CoyneSmith T, Darden T, Overman RA, Benjamin DK, Brookhart MA. Trends in Pediatric Emergency and Inpatient Healthcare Use for Mental and Behavioral Health Among North Carolinians During the Early COVID-19 Pandemic. J Pediatric Infect Dis Soc 2023; 12:S20-S27. [PMID: 38146861 PMCID: PMC10750307 DOI: 10.1093/jpids/piad092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Widespread school closures and health care avoidance during the COVID-19 pandemic led to disruptions in access to pediatric mental health care. METHODS We conducted a retrospective study of emergency and inpatient administrative claims from privately insured children aged 6-20 years in North Carolina between January 2019 and December 2020. We compared rates of emergency department (ED) visits (per 100 000 person-days) and risks of hospitalizations (per 100 000 persons) with diagnosis codes in each category (mental/behavioral health; suicidal ideation, suicide attempt, and intentional self-harm [SI/SA/ISH]; and social issues) across 3 time periods (pre-pandemic, lockdown, and reopening). We calculated the proportion and 95% confidence intervals (CI) of total ED visits and total hospitalizations attributable to mental/behavioral health and SI/SA/ISH across the 3 time periods. RESULTS Rates of all categories of ED visits decreased from pre-pandemic to the lockdown period; from pre-pandemic to the reopening period, mental/behavioral health visits decreased but rates of SI/SA/ISH visits were unchanged. The proportion of ED visits attributable to mental/behavioral health increased from 3.5% (95% CI 3.2%-3.7%) pre-pandemic to 4.0% (95% CI 3.7%-4.3%) during reopening, and the proportion of SI/SA/ISH diagnoses increased from 1.6% (95% CI 1.4%-1.8%) pre-pandemic to 2.4% (95% CI 2.1%-2.7%) during the reopening period. Emergency care use for social issues and hospital admissions for mental/behavioral health and SI/SA/ISH diagnoses were unchanged across the study periods. CONCLUSIONS In the early pandemic, pediatric mental health care and acute suicidal crises accounted for increased proportions of emergency care. During pandemic recovery, understanding the populations most impacted and increasing access to preventative mental health care is critical.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Angelique E Boutzoukas
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Kanecia O Zimmerman
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Bria Caison
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | | | - Toni Darden
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | - Daniel K Benjamin
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - M Alan Brookhart
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
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5
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Bogdan T, Xie W, Talaat H, Mir H, Venkataraman B, Banfield LE, Georgiades K, Duncan L. Longitudinal studies of child mental disorders in the general population: A systematic review of study characteristics. JCPP ADVANCES 2023; 3:e12186. [PMID: 37720586 PMCID: PMC10501698 DOI: 10.1002/jcv2.12186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Longitudinal studies of child mental disorders in the general population (herein study) investigate trends in prevalence, incidence, risk/protective factors, and sequelae for disorders. They are time and resource intensive but offer life-course perspectives and examination of causal mechanisms. Comprehensive syntheses of the methods of existing studies will provide an understanding of studies conducted to date, inventory studies, and inform the planning of new longitudinal studies. Methods A systematic review of the research literature in MEDLINE, EMBASE, and PsycINFO was conducted in December 2022 for longitudinal studies of child mental disorders in the general population. Records were grouped by study and assessed for eligibility. Data were extracted from one of four sources: a record reporting study methodology, a record documenting child mental disorder prevalence, study websites, or user guides. Narrative and tabular syntheses of the scope and design features of studies were generated. Results There were 18,133 unique records for 487 studies-159 of these were eligible for inclusion. Studies occurred from 1934 to 2019 worldwide, with data collection across 1 to 68 time points, with 70% of studies ongoing. Baseline sample sizes ranged from n = 151 to 64,136. Studies were most frequently conducted in the United States and at the city/town level. Internalizing disorders and disruptive, impulse control, and conduct disorders were the most frequently assessed mental disorders. Of studies reporting methods of disorder assessment, almost all used measurement scales. Individual, familial and environmental risk and protective factors and sequelae were examined. Conclusions These results summarize characteristics of existing longitudinal studies of child mental disorders in the general population, provide an understanding of studies conducted to date, encourage comprehensive and consistent reporting of study methodology to facilitate meta-analytic syntheses of longitudinal evidence, and offer recommendations and suggestions for the design of future studies. Registration DOI: 10.17605/OSF.IO/73HSW.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodora Bogdan
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural NeurosciencesOfford Centre for Child StudiesMcMaster UniversityHamiltonOntarioCanada
| | - Weiyi Xie
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural NeurosciencesOfford Centre for Child StudiesMcMaster UniversityHamiltonOntarioCanada
| | - Habeba Talaat
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural NeurosciencesOfford Centre for Child StudiesMcMaster UniversityHamiltonOntarioCanada
| | - Hafsa Mir
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural NeurosciencesOfford Centre for Child StudiesMcMaster UniversityHamiltonOntarioCanada
| | - Bhargavi Venkataraman
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural NeurosciencesOfford Centre for Child StudiesMcMaster UniversityHamiltonOntarioCanada
| | | | - Katholiki Georgiades
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural NeurosciencesOfford Centre for Child StudiesMcMaster UniversityHamiltonOntarioCanada
| | - Laura Duncan
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural NeurosciencesOfford Centre for Child StudiesMcMaster UniversityHamiltonOntarioCanada
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Gepty AA, Lambert SF, Ialongo NS. Perceived Neighborhood Safety and Depressive Symptoms: The Role of Perceived Neighborhood Cohesion and Perceived Control. J Youth Adolesc 2023; 52:1919-1932. [PMID: 37328608 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-023-01805-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Few have examined mechanisms explaining the link between perceived neighborhood unsafety, neighborhood social processes, and depressive symptoms for Black adolescents. The goal of this study was to examine the role of perceived control as a mechanism linking perceptions of neighborhood unsafety and depressive symptoms, and neighborhood cohesion as a protective factor. Participants were 412 Black adolescents living in a major Mid-Atlantic urban center in the United States (49% female, Mage = 15.80, SD = 0.36). Participants reported perceptions of neighborhood unsafety at grade 10, neighborhood cohesion at grade 10, perceived control at grades 10 and 11 and depressive symptoms in grades 10 and 12. High neighborhood unsafety was associated with low perceived control and in turn high depressive symptoms only when neighborhood cohesion was high. The results highlight the role of neighborhood unsafety and perceived control in the development of depressive symptom and the possible downsides of neighborhood social factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew A Gepty
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, George Washington University, 2013 H Street, NW, Washington, DC, 20006, USA.
| | - Sharon F Lambert
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, George Washington University, 2013 H Street, NW, Washington, DC, 20006, USA
| | - Nicholas S Ialongo
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 624 N. Broadway, 8th Fl., Baltimore, MD, 2120, USA
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7
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Ortega A. Medicaid Expansion and mental health treatment: Evidence from the Affordable Care Act. HEALTH ECONOMICS 2023; 32:755-806. [PMID: 36480355 DOI: 10.1002/hec.4633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
This study uses a difference-in-differences design within an event-study framework to examine how state decisions to expand Medicaid following the passage of the Affordable Care Act (ACA) affected mental health treatment. The findings suggest that expansion states experienced increased admissions to mental health treatment facilities and Medicaid-reimbursed prescriptions for medications used to treat common forms of mental illness. The results also indicate an increase in admissions with trauma, anxiety, conduct, and depression disorders. There is also suggestive evidence of an increase in the number of mental health treatment facilities accepting Medicaid as a form of payment. Lastly, as with previous studies, I find weak evidence of a decrease in suicides in Medicaid expansion states. These findings highlight the vital role of the ACA in providing access to mental health treatment for low-income Americans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Ortega
- O'Neill School of Public and Environmental Affairs, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA
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8
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Lau MA, Temcheff CE, Poirier M, Commisso M, Déry M. Longitudinal relationships between conduct problems, depressive symptoms, and school dropout. J Sch Psychol 2023; 96:12-23. [PMID: 36641221 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsp.2022.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
School dropout can be an ongoing process of academic failure and disengagement starting as early as elementary school. Given the multitude of factors involved and the importance of early identification of vulnerabilities, this study examined whether (a) initial levels of conduct problems and depressive symptoms predicted school dropout, (b) the rate of change in conduct problems and depressive symptoms predicted dropout, (c) the interaction between trajectories of conduct problems and depressive symptoms affected the likelihood of dropout, and (d) whether there were sex differences in these associations. Using a dataset of 364 children ages 6-9 (T1) years who had displayed conduct problems, mean trajectories of conduct problems and depressive symptoms over 6 years were drawn using parallel process latent growth curve modeling. Results showed that both the initial levels of and rate of change in conduct problems predicted dropout, whereas trajectories of depressive symptoms did not. The interaction between trajectories of conduct problems and depressive symptoms was non-significant and sex differences were not observed. These results suggest that, for boys and girls presenting early conduct problems, although a higher initial levels of conduct problems increases the risk of school dropout, a larger decrease in these problems over time may reduce this likelihood. Recognizing and treating conduct problems consistently may be crucial in reducing the risk of dropout in children with early-onset issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianne A Lau
- Department of Educational and Counselling Psychology, McGill University, 3700 McTavish Street, Montreal H3A 1Y2, Quebec, Canada.
| | - Caroline E Temcheff
- Department of Educational and Counselling Psychology, McGill University, 3700 McTavish Street, Montreal H3A 1Y2, Quebec, Canada.
| | - Martine Poirier
- Department of Educational Science, Université du Québec à Rimouski, 300 allée des Ursulines, Rimouski G5L 3A1, Quebec, Canada.
| | - Melissa Commisso
- Department of Psychology, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke West, PY-146, Montreal H4B 1R6, Quebec, Canada
| | - Michèle Déry
- Faculty of Education, Université de Sherbrooke, 2500 boul. de l'Université, Sherbrooke J1K 2R1, Quebec, Canada.
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9
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Brittain H, Vaillancourt T. Longitudinal associations between academic achievement and depressive symptoms in adolescence: Methodological considerations and analytical approaches for identifying temporal priority. ADVANCES IN CHILD DEVELOPMENT AND BEHAVIOR 2023; 64:327-355. [PMID: 37080673 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acdb.2022.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
Failure to meet educational expectations in adolescence can derail an individual's potential, leading to hardship in adulthood. Lower academic achievement is also associated with poorer mental health, and both share common pathways to adult functional outcomes like employment status and economic security. Although linked in adolescence, and predictive of similar outcomes in adulthood, methodological and analytical limitations of the literature do not permit the assessment of the temporal priority between academic achievement and mental health. This omission of directionality hampers intervention and prevention efforts. In this narrative review, we summarize the literature on the temporal ordering between academic achievement and depressive symptoms in adolescence, a particularly vulnerable developmental period. We propose methodological and analytical strategies to guide future research to disentangle the chronological ordering between academic achievement and depressive symptoms-recommendations that can be used to examine other sets of correlated variables over time. Specifically, we highlight methodological issues that require attention such as the need to understand reciprocal and cascading influences over time by attending to repeated measures and timing, measurement consistency, reporter effects, examination of processes and mechanisms, and missing data. Finally, we discuss the need to embrace analytical methods that separate within-person from between-person effects; account for heterogeneity in associations using person-centered approaches; and use the two approaches as complementary, rather than competing, for a more holistic examination of temporality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather Brittain
- Counselling Psychology, Faculty of Education, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Tracy Vaillancourt
- Counselling Psychology, Faculty of Education, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada; School of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
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Antoniak K, Tucker C, Rizzone K, Wren TAL, Edison B. Athlete Identity and Mental Health of Student Athletes during COVID-19. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:17062. [PMID: 36554940 PMCID: PMC9779176 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192417062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of our study is to evaluate athletic identity (AI) and mental health measures of youth and young adult athletes during the COVID-19 pandemic. This cross-sectional study recruited athletes aged 11-25 years from universities, high schools, and middle schools in California and New York. Participants were emailed a link to an anonymous, cross-sectional electronic survey. The measure included the athletic identity measurement scale (AIMS), the Patient Health Questionnaire-4 (PHQ-4), and demographic variables. Chi-square, Fisher's Exact Test, and linear regression were used to examine the relationships between AI, symptoms of anxiety, and symptoms of depression by age, gender, and race. The survey was completed by 653 participants. AI was stratified by tertiary percentiles. The odds of positively scoring for symptoms of anxiety were 60% higher for participants in college compared with high school (OR: 1.60, 95% CI: [1.09, 2.35]). Conversely, the odds of scoring positively for symptoms of depression were 68% higher for participants in high school compared to college (OR: 1.68, 95% CI: [1.09, 2.59]). The odds of scoring positively for symptoms of depression were higher for athletes who scored as high AI, compared to those who scored as moderate (OR: 1.72, 95% CI: [1.11, 2.68]) or low (OR: 1.93, 95% CI: [1.20, 3.12]). The odds of scoring positively for symptoms of anxiety on the PHQ-4 were 3.2 times higher for participants who identified as female (OR: 3.19, 95% CI: [2.31, 4.41]), and the odds of scoring positively for symptoms of depression were 2.4 times higher for participants who identified as female (OR: 2.35, 95% CI: [1.56, 3.54]). Female athletes experienced symptoms of depression and anxiety at significantly higher rates than male athletes during the COVID-19 pandemic. High school students experienced fewer symptoms of anxiety, but greater symptoms of depression as compared to the collegiate group, while college students experienced greater odds of symptoms of anxiety. Athletes in the high AI group were more likely to report symptoms of depression than moderate or low identity groups. Female athletes reported lower AI than male athletes, but still had greater symptoms of anxiety and depression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Clea Tucker
- School of Kinesiology, California State University Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90032, USA
| | - Katherine Rizzone
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 15618, USA
| | | | - Bianca Edison
- Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
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11
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Mundy LK, Canterford L, Moreno-Betancur M, Hoq M, Viner RM, Bayer JK, Lietz P, Redmond G, Patton GC. Learning outcomes in primary school children with emotional problems: a prospective cohort study. Child Adolesc Ment Health 2022. [PMID: 36400427 DOI: 10.1111/camh.12607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Academic difficulties are common in adolescents with mental health problems. Although earlier childhood emotional problems, characterised by heightened anxiety and depressive symptoms are common forerunners to adolescent mental health problems, the degree to which mental health problems in childhood may contribute independently to academic difficulties has been little explored. METHODS Data were drawn from a prospective cohort study of students in Melbourne, Australia (N = 1239). Data were linked with a standardised national assessment of academic performance at baseline (9 years) and wave three (11 years). Depressive and anxiety symptoms were assessed at baseline and wave two (10 years). Regression analyses estimated the association between emotional problems (9 and/or 10 years) and academic performance at 11 years, adjusting for baseline academic performance, sex, age and socioeconomic status, and hyperactivity/inattention symptoms. RESULTS Students with depressive symptoms at 9 years of age had lost nearly 4 months of numeracy learning two years later after controlling for baseline academic performance and confounders. Results were similar for anxiety symptoms. Regardless of when depressive symptoms occurred there were consistent associations with poorer numeracy performance at 11 years. The association of depressive symptoms with reading performance was weaker than for numeracy if they were present at wave two. Persistent anxiety symptoms across two waves led to nearly a 4 month loss of numeracy learning at 11 years, but the difference was not meaningful for reading. Findings were similar when including hyperactivity/inattention symptoms. CONCLUSIONS Childhood anxiety and depression are not only forerunners of later mental health problems but predict academic achievement. Partnerships between education and health systems have the potential to not only improve childhood emotional problems but also improve learning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa K Mundy
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Margarita Moreno-Betancur
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Monsurul Hoq
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Russell M Viner
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Jordana K Bayer
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Petra Lietz
- Australian Council for Educational Research, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Gerry Redmond
- College of Business, Government and Law, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA, Australia
| | - George C Patton
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
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12
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McCormick KA, Chatham A, Klodnick VV, Schoenfeld EA, Cohen DA. Mental Health Service Experiences Among Transition-Age Youth: Interpersonal Continuums that Influence Engagement in Care. CHILD & ADOLESCENT SOCIAL WORK JOURNAL : C & A 2022; 40:1-12. [PMID: 36373126 PMCID: PMC9638293 DOI: 10.1007/s10560-022-00890-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Purpose. Transition-age youth (TAY) who have experienced or are experiencing complex trauma, system involvement and homelessness are at increased risk for serious mental health needs and related challenges. However, these vulnerable and historically marginalized TAY typically have low rates of mental health service engagement. This study examines how and why TAY experiencing system involvement, homelessness, and serious mental health and substance use symptoms engage in mental health services, and what facilitates and/or hinders their engagement in services. Methods. Twenty-one TAY completed a virtual interview about their previous and current mental health service experiences, and why they did or did not engage with mental health services. A modified grounded theory qualitative analysis approach was used to understand how participants' personal sense of meaning interacted with programmatic factors to construct participant experiences with mental health services. Results. Most participants (81%, n = 17) received mental health services, namely psychiatry (76%, n = 16) and counseling/therapy (48%, n = 10), and peer support (10%, n = 2). Participants described their mental health service experiences along three interpersonal and relational continuums between themselves and their providers: feeling (mis)understood, being treated with (dis)respect, and experiencing (dis)trust. Discussion. Study findings reveal that for these particularly vulnerable and marginalized TAY, relational and interpersonal factors significantly influenced their engagement in mental health services. Study findings call for providers to re-imagine their working alliance with highly vulnerable TAY through culturally-attuned practices that promote understanding, respect, and trust. Findings also call for TAY-serving programs and policies to re-imagine peer support as a mental health service option for this highly vulnerable population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie A. McCormick
- Steve Hicks School of Social Work, The University of Texas at Austin, 1925 San Jacinto Blvd, 78712 Austin, TX United States
| | - Ana Chatham
- Steve Hicks School of Social Work, The University of Texas at Austin, 1925 San Jacinto Blvd, 78712 Austin, TX United States
| | - Vanessa V. Klodnick
- Youth & Young Adult Services Research and Innovation, 4101 N. Ravenswood Ave, 60613 Thresholds, Chicago, IL United States
- Texas Institute for Excellence in Mental Health, The University of Texas at Austin, 1823 Red River, 78701 Austin, TX United States
| | - Elizabeth A. Schoenfeld
- LifeWorks, 835 N. Pleasant Valley Rd, 78702 Austin, TX United States
- Department of Human Development & Family Sciences, School of Human Ecology, The University of Texas at Austin, 108 E. Dean Keeton St, 78712 Austin, TX United States
| | - Deborah A. Cohen
- Steve Hicks School of Social Work, The University of Texas at Austin, 1925 San Jacinto Blvd, 78712 Austin, TX United States
- Texas Institute for Excellence in Mental Health, The University of Texas at Austin, 1823 Red River, 78701 Austin, TX United States
- Dell Medical School Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, 1601 Trinity St., Bldg, B, 78712 Austin, TX United States
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Muacevic A, Adler JR, Weldeslase TA, Akinyemi I, Akinwumi B, Oladunjoye AO, Ogundare T, Bezold M. Association Between Obesity and Self-Reported Depression Among Female University Students in the United States. Cureus 2022; 14:e31386. [PMID: 36514672 PMCID: PMC9741992 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.31386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To determine the relationship between obesity and depression among female undergraduate students at Western Illinois University (WIU), Macomb, Illinois. METHODS A cross-sectional study using self-reported questionnaires were conducted between August 15, 2019, and December 15, 2019. A cohort of 434 female undergraduate students was retrieved from the study. We determined the association between self-reported diagnosis of depression within the last year and body mass index (BMI) among female students. RESULTS The prevalence of depression among female undergraduates at WIU was 33.2%. Obese and overweight female undergraduate students had a higher likelihood of being diagnosed with depression than students with normal BMI (reference), overweight (OR= 1.91; 95% CI 1.11-3.31), obese (OR= 2.20; 95% CI 1.30-3.80). Latino and black students were less likely to report depression than white students, Latino (OR=0.37 95% CI 0.15-0.92), and Black (OR= 0.40; 95% CI 0.18-0.86). There was also a positive association between chronic back pain and development of the diagnosis of depression, (OR=2.26; 95% CI 1.45-3.52). CONCLUSION Depression among female undergraduate students is very common in the USA. Obese and overweight female students are more likely to be depressed than students with normal BMI. There is a need for urgent public health interventions to reduce the obesity rate among university students.
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Askeland KG, Bøe T, Sivertsen B, Linton SJ, Heradstveit O, Nilsen SA, Hysing M. Association of Depressive Symptoms in Late Adolescence and School Dropout. SCHOOL MENTAL HEALTH 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12310-022-09522-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe present study investigated the association between symptoms of depression in late adolescence and completion of upper secondary school, taking symptoms of ADHD and conduct disorder, and parental education into account. The study is based on the youth@hordaland-survey, conducted in Western Norway in 2012. A total of 9157 adolescents (aged 16–19 years, 53% girls) consented to participation and registry linkage and comprised the sample of the present study. Symptoms of depression, ADHD, and conduct disorder were based on adolescent self-report. Information on parental education, grade point average (GPA), and upper secondary school completion was retrieved from the National Education Database. In the sample, 14.8% had not completed upper secondary education within 5 years. Symptoms of depression were associated with higher odds of failure to graduate within 5 years (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 1.50). The association was attenuated but remained significant when adjusting for symptoms of ADHD, conduct disorder, and parental education. Adolescents reporting high levels of both depression and conduct disorder had the highest odds of dropout (AOR = 4.15). GPA partially mediated the association between symptoms of depression and dropout. The results show a consistent, but small association between symptoms of depression in late adolescence and failure to complete upper secondary education within five years. Given the high rate of depressive symptoms in the adolescent population, it is important to identify protective factors that promote school functioning and graduation for adolescents experiencing such symptoms.
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Liinamaa S, Taulavuori MS, Lappalainen P, Puolakanaho A, Lappalainen R, Kiuru N. The role of psychological inflexibility in adolescent satisfaction with the educational track and school dropout intentions. JOURNAL OF CONTEXTUAL BEHAVIORAL SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcbs.2022.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Chukwuere PC, Sehularo LA, Manyedi ME. Experiences of adolescents and parents on the mental health management of depression in adolescents, North West province, South Africa. Curationis 2022; 45:e1-e9. [PMID: 35261252 PMCID: PMC8905408 DOI: 10.4102/curationis.v45i1.2178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Living with or managing an adolescent suffering from depression predisposes the adolescent and parents to various experiences, considering the multifactorial nature of depression and associated symptoms. OBJECTIVE This study explored and described the experiences of adolescents and their parents on the mental health management of depression in the North West province (NWP), South Africa. METHOD A qualitative, exploratory, descriptive, contextual research design was adopted. Data was collect from two mental health care institutions and two mental health care units attached to two general hospitals in the NWP, SA. Thirty-two participants (18 adolescents and 14 parents) were purposefully selected for the study. Data were collected through individual interviews and analysed using Tesch's open-coding method to generate themes and categories which were presented with the concurrent support of participants direct quotations. RESULTS The study revealed that the experiences of adolescents with depression and their parents taking care of them at homes include the following: emotional distress, poor coping mechanisms, financial burden, repeated suicidal attempts, negative attitudes from support systems and withdrawal behaviours. Appropriate therapeutic environments, ongoing monitoring by mental healthcare practitioners and adequate support systems were suggested by participants as management approaches that could enhance the recovery of adolescents from depression. CONCLUSION The findings revealed the devastating experiences of adolescents with depression and their parents taking care of them in their various homes which confirms the dire need for attention on the plights of these groups in order to facilitate adolescents' recovery and strengthen the adolescents' and parents' coping mechanisms for a healthier family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Precious C Chukwuere
- Department of Nursing Science, Faculty of Health Science, North-West University, Mahikeng.
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Schick MR, Nalven T, Thomas ED, Weiss NH, Spillane NS. Depression and alcohol use in American Indian adolescents: The influence of family factors. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2022; 46:141-151. [PMID: 35076972 PMCID: PMC8988920 DOI: 10.1111/acer.14748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rates of both depression and alcohol use are disproportionately higher among American Indian (AI) adolescents than adolescents in the general population. The co-occurrence of depression and alcohol use is common and clinically relevant given their reciprocal negative influences on outcomes. Family factors may be especially relevant because they could have a buffering effect on this relationship due to the importance of kinship and community in AI communities. The current study examines the roles of family warmth and parental monitoring in the association between depressive symptoms and alcohol use in a large, nationally representative sample of AI adolescents. METHODS Data were collected from 3498 AI 7th to 12th graders (47.8% female) residing on or near a reservation during the period 2009 to 2013. Participants reported on their depressive symptoms, family factors, and alcohol use. RESULTS There was a small, but statistically significant positive association between depressive symptoms and alcohol use (r = 0.11, p < 0.001). Greater depressive symptoms were associated with significantly less perceived family warmth (β = -0.09, 95% CI [-0.13, -0.06]), which was associated with significantly greater alcohol use (β = -0.39, 95% CI [-0.55, -0.23]). Family warmth significantly accounted for the association between depressive symptoms and alcohol use at high (β = 0.04, SE = 0.02, 95% CI [0.004, 0.09]), but not low, levels of parental monitoring (β = 0.02, SE = 0.02, 95% CI [-0.002, 0.06]). CONCLUSIONS Results of the present study suggest that developing culturally sensitive prevention and treatment approaches focusing on increasing both family warmth and parental monitoring are important to address the co-occurrence of depression and alcohol misuse among AI adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa R. Schick
- Department of Psychology University of Rhode Island Kingston Rhode Island USA
| | - Tessa Nalven
- Department of Psychology University of Rhode Island Kingston Rhode Island USA
| | - Emmanuel D. Thomas
- Department of Psychology University of Rhode Island Kingston Rhode Island USA
| | - Nicole H. Weiss
- Department of Psychology University of Rhode Island Kingston Rhode Island USA
| | - Nichea S. Spillane
- Department of Psychology University of Rhode Island Kingston Rhode Island USA
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Lau MA, Temcheff CE, Poirier M, Bégin V, Commisso M, Déry M. School dropout: The role of childhood conduct problems and depressive symptoms. PSYCHOLOGY IN THE SCHOOLS 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pits.22594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marianne A. Lau
- Department of Educational and Counselling Psychology, Faculty of Education McGill University Montréal Quebec Canada
| | - Caroline E. Temcheff
- Department of Educational and Counselling Psychology, Faculty of Education McGill University Montréal Quebec Canada
| | - Martine Poirier
- Department of Educational Science Université du Québec à Rimouski Rimouski Québec Canada
| | - Vincent Bégin
- School of Criminology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences Université de Montréal Montréal Quebec Canada
| | - Melissa Commisso
- Department of Educational and Counselling Psychology, Faculty of Education McGill University Montréal Quebec Canada
| | - Michèle Déry
- Department of Psychoeducation, Faculty of Education Université de Sherbrooke Sherbrooke Quebec Canada
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Zhang Y, Wang R, Liu B, Sun L. Weight in the mind: Weight perception and depressive symptoms in Chinese adolescents. J Affect Disord 2021; 278:506-514. [PMID: 33017678 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2020.09.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increasing evidence demonstrates the significant role of weight perception in shaping the mental health of adolescents. This study sought to extend previous literature by examining the associations of weight perception categories with depressive symptoms for both boys and girls in China, and further explored whether the associations varied between urban and rural areas. METHODS Data were from a large-scale, national survey of Chinese middle school students. The analytical sample had 8568 respondents with a mean age of 13.9 years (SD=0.7). Bivariate and multiple regression analyses were adopted to examine the links between weight perception and depressive symptoms. RESULTS Overweight perceptions were more prevalent in girls than in boys (47.0% vs. 29.3%), whereas underweight perceptions were less common in girls than in boys (15.7% vs. 29.3%). After adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics and health conditions, self-perceiving as "slightly overweight" and "very overweight" were significantly related to more depressive symptoms for both boys (p<0.05) and girls (p<0.05). A "very underweight" perception, however, was found to be only linked to greater depressive symptoms in boys (p<0.05). Notably, these patterns showed no significant rural-urban difference, as evidenced by the lack of significant interactive effects of all weight perceptions categories and region (urban/rural) on depressive symptoms. LIMITATIONS This study was based on a cross-sectional design, which essentially precludes the possibility to determine the causality of the observed associations. CONCLUSION Findings in this study indicated that the impacts of subjective physical attractiveness have been gendered and regionally pervasive in affecting emotional well-being of Chinese adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueyun Zhang
- School of Philosophy and Social Development, Shandong University, China
| | - Ruochen Wang
- School of Sociology and Population Studies, Renmin University of China, China
| | - Baozhong Liu
- Institute of Sociology, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, China
| | - Long Sun
- Centre for Health Management and Policy Research, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, China; NHC Key Lab of Health Economics and Policy Research (Shandong University), China.
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20
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Thompson AM, Huang F, Smith T, Reinke WM, Herman KC. Confirmatory Factor Structure and Predictive Validity of the Early Identification System-Student Report in a Community Sample of High School Students. SCHOOL MENTAL HEALTH 2020; 13:28-40. [PMID: 33224304 PMCID: PMC7672417 DOI: 10.1007/s12310-020-09396-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to confirm the factor structure, examine the invariance, and investigate the predictive validity using disciplinary data for 5262 high school students who completed the Early Identification System-Student Response (EIS-SR). The development and theory of the EIS-SR is discussed along with prior work. Building off of prior factor analytic work with a separate sample, it was hypothesized the items of the EIS-SR would coalesce into seven factors representing Externalizing Behavior, Internalizing Behavior, Peer Relationship Problems, School Disengagement, Emotional Dysregulation, Attention and Academic Issues, and Relational Aggression. Furthermore, it was hypothesized that EIS-SR scores would be invariant with regard to gender and grade level. Lastly, it was hypothesized that students with high EIS-SR subscale scores would be predictive of school discipline events. Our analyses indicated the EIS-SR did fit the previously observed factor structure with the items loading on seven distinct scales. Tests for measurement invariance indicated support that the EIS-SR measured the seven factors equally well regardless of both gender and grade level. Lastly, EIS-SR subscale scores predicted spring office disciplinary referrals, both in and out of school suspensions, and attendance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron M Thompson
- School of Social Work, University of Missouri, 718 Clark Hall, Columbia, MO 65211 USA
| | - Francis Huang
- School of Social Work, University of Missouri, 718 Clark Hall, Columbia, MO 65211 USA
| | - Tyler Smith
- School of Social Work, University of Missouri, 718 Clark Hall, Columbia, MO 65211 USA
| | - Wendy M Reinke
- School of Social Work, University of Missouri, 718 Clark Hall, Columbia, MO 65211 USA
| | - Keith C Herman
- School of Social Work, University of Missouri, 718 Clark Hall, Columbia, MO 65211 USA
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Lavoie L, Dupéré V, Dion E, Crosnoe R, Lacourse É, Archambault I. Gender Differences in Adolescents' Exposure to Stressful Life Events and Differential Links to Impaired School Functioning. JOURNAL OF ABNORMAL CHILD PSYCHOLOGY 2020; 47:1053-1064. [PMID: 30661146 PMCID: PMC10372787 DOI: 10.1007/s10802-018-00511-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Gender differences in exposure and reactivity to specific stressful life events (SLE) contribute to explaining adolescent boys' and girls' differential susceptibility to common adjustment difficulties like depression and behavioral problems. However, it is unclear whether these gender differences are also relevant to understanding another key marker of adolescent maladjustment: high school dropout. A state-of-the-art interview protocol was used to assess recent SLE in a sample of academically vulnerable Canadian adolescents (N = 545, 52% boys). The sample was comprised of three groups in approximately equal proportions: 1) students who had recently dropped out; 2) matched students at risk of dropping out but who persevered nevertheless; and 3) "normative" students with an average level of risk. When SLE of all types were considered together, overall exposure was similar for adolescent boys and girls, and the SLE-dropout association did not vary as a function of gender. However, gender differences emerged for specific events. Boys were especially exposed to SLE related to performance (e.g., school failure, suspension) and conflicts with authority figures (e.g., with teachers or the police), whereas girls were particularly exposed to SLE involving relationship problems with family members, peers, or romantic partners. In terms of specific SLE-dropout associations, one consistent result emerged, showing that performance/authority-related SLE were significantly associated with dropout only among boys. It therefore seems that considering gendered exposure and sensitivity to SLE is important for understanding the emergence of educational difficulties with long-ranging consequences for future health and well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurence Lavoie
- École de psychoéducation, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Véronique Dupéré
- École de psychoéducation, Institut de recherche en santé publique de l'Université de Montréal (IRSPUM), and Centre jeunes en difficultés - Institut Universitaire (CJD-IU), Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, succursale Centre-Ville, Montréal, QC, H3C 3J7, Canada.
| | - Eric Dion
- Département d'éducation et de formation spécialisées, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Robert Crosnoe
- Department of Sociology and Population Research Center, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Éric Lacourse
- Department of Sociology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
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Developing the Behavioral Health Workforce: Lessons from the States. ADMINISTRATION AND POLICY IN MENTAL HEALTH AND MENTAL HEALTH SERVICES RESEARCH 2020; 46:689-695. [PMID: 31407232 DOI: 10.1007/s10488-019-00963-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Recent demands for increased care for people with behavioral health problems often miss the severe shortage of skilled workers in the field. For many years, researchers, clinical administrators and policy makers have been calling for curricula revision at professional schools, increased financial incentives for employee recruitment and retention, increased reimbursement rates, and greater attention to diversity within the health care workforce. States have created special task forces and commissions to make recommendations for improving this essential element of access to behavioral health care. A review of their findings shows a remarkable similarity of recommendations and a clear path forward.
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Sung-Man B. The long-term effects of perceived community disorder and social stigma on depressive symptoms among adolescent school dropouts using multivariate latent growth modeling. SCHOOL PSYCHOLOGY INTERNATIONAL 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/0143034320951232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine the long-term effects of perceived community disorder and social stigma on depressive symptoms among adolescent school dropouts. This study used 2–4 wave data of a Longitudinal Survey and Support Plan for Dropouts. Multivariate latent growth modeling indicated that social stigma was associated with greater number of depressive symptoms and had an indirect influence on depressive symptoms through self-esteem. In addition, perceived community disorder was related to greater number of depressive symptoms. Finally, self-esteem was negatively related to depressive symptoms and female adolescents reported more depressive symptoms than male adolescents. This study suggests that policy and social efforts are needed to reduce perceived community disorder and social stigma to prevent the depression in adolescent school dropouts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bae Sung-Man
- Department of Psychology and Psychotherapy, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
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Abstract
Exciting changes have the potential to reshape the tools used to treat mental illness, promote mental health, and bring this country's too-long fragmented and specialist-centered mental health system closer to delivering on the goals of improving population health, expanding access, and engaging with structural and social determinants. Innovative practices such as task sharing, cross-sector integration, and participatory methods are ready to be mainstreamed into psychiatric professional identity and practice. Local governments have started to adopt these new strategies, perhaps the most prominent recent example being ThriveNYC, a comprehensive attempt to drive mental health improvement. By enabling and partnering with other practitioners in these ways, psychiatrists can reach more people in more places, giving psychiatry an opportunity to evolve and flourish. As psychiatrists, we and our leadership should seize that opportunity and help lead this progress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary Belkin
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University, New York
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Thouin É, Dupéré V, Dion E, McCabe J, Denault AS, Archambault I, Brière FN, Leventhal T, Crosnoe R. School-based extracurricular activity involvement and high school dropout among at-risk students: Consistency matters. APPLIED DEVELOPMENTAL SCIENCE 2020; 26:303-316. [PMID: 38250481 PMCID: PMC10798653 DOI: 10.1080/10888691.2020.1796665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Encouraging involvement in school-based extracurricular activities (ECA) may be important for preventing high school dropout. However, the potential of these activities remains underexploited, perhaps because studies linking ECA involvement and dropout are rare and based on decades-old data. Previous studies also ignore key parameters of student involvement. The present study expands and updates this limited literature by using recent data from a high-risk Canadian sample (N = 545) and by considering a range of involvement parameters. Results showed that consistent involvement in the past year was associated with lower odds of dropout (OR = 0.32; 95% CI = 0.17-0.61). However, adolescents who interrupted their involvement during this period (e.g., because of cancelations or exclusions) were as much at risk of dropout as those who were not involved at all. Findings notably imply that excluding students from ECA (e.g., because of No Pass/No Play policies) may heighten their dropout risk.
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Parviainen M, Aunola K, Torppa M, Poikkeus AM, Vasalampi K. Symptoms of psychological ill-being and school dropout intentions among upper secondary education students: A person-centered approach. LEARNING AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lindif.2020.101853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Gorman EL, Burke HH, Rubino LG, Vargas I, Haeffel GJ. Teasing Apart the Effect of Depression Specific and Anxiety Specific Symptoms on Academic Outcomes. CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY AND SPECIAL EDUCATION 2020; 9:91-104. [PMID: 34222413 DOI: 10.17759/cpse.2020090307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Research shows that adolescents' performance in school can be negatively affected by depression and anxiety. However, past studies have used nonspecific measures of depression and anxiety that preclude researchers from understanding their unique effects. The current study addressed this gap in the literature by teasing apart the effects of depression specific and anxiety specific symptoms on end of semester grade point average (GPA) and the likelihood of dropping a course. We used a 3-month longitudinal design with a sample of 130 United States (U.S.) undergraduates. Results showed that only cumulative GPA and ACT score predicted end of semester GPA. However, high levels of anxiety specific (anxious arousal), but not depression specific (anhedonia), symptoms predicted whether or not a student dropped a course. These results suggest that targeting anxiety specific symptoms in schools may be effective in improving academic outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hugh H Burke
- University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, USA
| | | | - Ivan Vargas
- University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA
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Dong L, Gumport NB, Martinez AJ, Harvey AG. Is improving sleep and circadian problems in adolescence a pathway to improved health? A mediation analysis. J Consult Clin Psychol 2019; 87:757-771. [PMID: 31246052 DOI: 10.1037/ccp0000423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present study tested whether improvements in sleep and circadian problems mediate the effect of a novel transdiagnostic sleep and circadian intervention (TranS-C) on improvements in 5 health domains (emotional, cognitive, behavioral, social, and physical) in community-residing, evening chronotype adolescents who were at risk for problems in these 5 health domains. METHOD Participants were 176 adolescents (age mean [SD] = 14.77 [1.84] years; 58% female) who were randomized to receive 6 sessions of TranS-C or psychoeducation. Putative mediators tested were eveningness, weekday-weekend discrepancy in total sleep time and waketime, daytime sleepiness, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index score, and parent-reported sleep-wake problems. Risk in 5 health domains was measured using adolescent self-reported questionnaires, parent-reported Child Behavior Checklist, and ecological momentary assessment (EMA) of problems in the 5 health domains. RESULTS Reduced eveningness mediated the effects of TranS-C on reducing both self-reported and parent-reported risk in the 5 health domains. Reduction in daytime sleepiness mediated the effects of TranS-C on parent-reported risk in the 5 health domains. Reduction in parent-reported sleep-wake problems mediated the effects of TranS-C on self-reported, parent-reported, and EMA-assessed risk in the 5 health domains. Results did not support the other hypothesized mediators. CONCLUSIONS TranS-C exerts effects on reducing risk in multiple mental and physical health domains through reducing sleep and circadian problems in evening chronotype adolescents. Further research of TranS-C in other samples to assess its benefits for sleep and circadian problems as well as mental and physical health is warranted. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).
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Effectiveness Trial of Brief Indicated Cognitive-Behavioral Group Depression Prevention in French-Canadian Secondary Schools. SCHOOL MENTAL HEALTH 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s12310-019-09316-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Henry KL, Fulco CJ, Merrick MT. The Harmful Effect of Child Maltreatment on Economic Outcomes in Adulthood. Am J Public Health 2018; 108:1134-1141. [PMID: 30088994 PMCID: PMC6085016 DOI: 10.2105/ajph.2018.304635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine the effect of maltreatment during childhood on subsequent financial strain during adulthood and the extent to which this effect is mediated by adolescent depressive symptoms, adolescent substance abuse, attenuated educational achievement, and timing of first birth. METHODS We specified a multilevel path model to examine the developmental cascade of child maltreatment. We used data from a longitudinal panel study of 496 parents participating in the Rochester Intergenerational Study, in Rochester, New York. Data were collected between 1988 and 2016. RESULTS Child maltreatment had both a direct and indirect (via the mediators) effect on greater financial strain during adulthood. CONCLUSIONS Maltreatment has the capacity to disrupt healthy development during adolescence and early adulthood and puts the affected individual at risk for economic difficulties later in life. Maltreatment is a key social determinant for health and prosperity, and initiatives to prevent maltreatment and provide mental health and social services to victims are critical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly L Henry
- Kimberly L. Henry is with the Department of Psychology and Colorado School of Public Health, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO. Celia J. Fulco is a graduate student in the Department of Psychology at Colorado State University. Melissa T. Merrick is with the Division of Violence Prevention at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
| | - Celia J Fulco
- Kimberly L. Henry is with the Department of Psychology and Colorado School of Public Health, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO. Celia J. Fulco is a graduate student in the Department of Psychology at Colorado State University. Melissa T. Merrick is with the Division of Violence Prevention at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
| | - Melissa T Merrick
- Kimberly L. Henry is with the Department of Psychology and Colorado School of Public Health, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO. Celia J. Fulco is a graduate student in the Department of Psychology at Colorado State University. Melissa T. Merrick is with the Division of Violence Prevention at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
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McCabe J, Dupéré V, Dion É, Thouin É, Archambault I, Dufour S, Denault AS, Leventhal T, Crosnoe R. Why do extracurricular activities prevent dropout more effectively in some high schools than in others? A mixed-method examination of organizational dynamics. APPLIED DEVELOPMENTAL SCIENCE 2018; 24:323-338. [PMID: 38737199 PMCID: PMC11086956 DOI: 10.1080/10888691.2018.1484746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Revised: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
This study describes policies and practices implemented in 12 high schools (Quebec, Canada) that more or less effectively leveraged extracurricular activities (ECA) to prevent dropout among vulnerable students. Following an explanatory sequential mixed design, three school profiles (Effective, Ineffective, and Mixed) were derived based on quantitative student-reported data. Qualitative interviews with frontline staff revealed that in Effective schools, ECA had a unique overarching goal: to support school engagement and perseverance among all students, including vulnerable ones. Moreover, in these schools staff had access to sufficient resources-human and material-and implemented inclusive practices. In Ineffective schools, ECA were used as a means to attract well-functioning students from middle-class families, and substantial resources were channeled toward these students, with few efforts to include vulnerable ones. Schools with a Mixed profile had both strengths and weakness. Recommendations for school-level policies that bolster ECA's ability to support students' perseverance are provided.
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