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Liu Y, Chang J, Zhao Y, Tang Y. Neuroticism personality, social contact, and dementia risk: A prospective cohort study. J Affect Disord 2024; 358:391-398. [PMID: 38735577 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.05.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Personality traits, especially neuroticism, can influence susceptibility to dementia. Social contact mitigates stress and risk of dementia, the extent to which social contact can mitigate excess risk associated with neuroticism remains unclear. We aim to investigate whether active social contact is associated with lower neuroticism-associated excess risk of dementia. METHODS This prospective cohort study examined 393,939 UK Biobank participants (mean [SD] age: 56.4 [8.1] years; 53.7 % female) assessed from 2006 to 2010 and followed up until December 2022. Neuroticism was measured using the Revised Eysenck Personality Questionnaire. Social contact levels were assessed based on household size, contact with family or friends, and group participation. Dementia was determined using linked electronic health records. RESULTS High neuroticism was associated with increased all-cause dementia risk and cause-specific dementia. Among high neuroticism participants, excess risk of all-cause dementia showed a stepwise decrease with increasing social contact (low: hazard ratios (HR) = 1.27, 95 % confidence interval (CI) = 1.15-1.40; intermediate: HR = 1.20, 95 % CI = 1.12-1.28; high: HR = 1.07, 95 % CI = 1.00-1.15). High social contact similarly decreased excess risk of cause-specific dementia, comparable to those with low neuroticism. LIMITATIONS Neuroticism and social contact information relied on self-report questionnaires at baseline, with a potential temporal relationship between these factors. CONCLUSION Active social contact is associated with a stepwise reduction in excess dementia risk and potentially eliminate excess risk of dementia with high neuroticism individuals, supporting social contact as a preventive strategy to attenuate excess risks of dementia from neuroticism personality trait.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufei Liu
- Department of Neurology & Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; National Center for Neurological Disorders, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Chang
- National Center for Neurological Disorders, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yiwei Zhao
- Department of Neurology & Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; National Center for Neurological Disorders, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Tang
- Department of Neurology & Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; National Center for Neurological Disorders, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Neurodegenerative Laboratory of Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, China.
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Oken BS, Kaplan J, Klee D, Gallegos AM. Contributions of loneliness to cognitive impairment and dementia in older adults are independent of other risk factors and Alzheimer's pathology: a narrative review. Front Hum Neurosci 2024; 18:1380002. [PMID: 38873650 PMCID: PMC11169707 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2024.1380002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Loneliness significantly contributes to cognitive impairment and dementia in older adults. Loneliness is a distressing feeling resulting from a perceived lack of social connection (i.e., a discrepancy between desired and actual social relationships), while social isolation is a related term that can be defined by number and type of social relationships. Importantly, loneliness is distinct from social isolation in that it is associated with a distressing self-perception. The primary focus of this narrative review is the impact of chronic loneliness on cognitive impairment and dementia among older adults. Loneliness has a significant association with many factors that are related to worse cognition, and therefore we include discussion on health, mental health, as well as the physiological effects of loneliness, neuropathology, and potential treatments. Loneliness has been shown to be related to development of dementia with a hazard ratio (HR) risk comparable to having a single APOE4 gene. The relationship of dementia to loneliness appears to be at least partially independent of other known dementia risk factors that are possibly associated with loneliness, such as depression, educational status, social isolation, and physical activity. Episodic memory is not consistently impacted by loneliness, which would be more typically impaired if the mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or dementia was due to Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology. In addition, the several longitudinal studies that included neuropathology showed no evidence for a relationship between loneliness and AD neuropathology. Loneliness may decrease resilience, or produce greater cognitive change associated with the same level of AD neuropathology. Intervention strategies to decrease loneliness in older adults have been developed but need to consider key treatment targets beyond social isolation. Loneliness needs to be assessed in all studies of cognitive decline in elders, since it significantly contributes to the variance of cognitive function. It will be useful to better define the underlying mechanism of loneliness effects on cognition to determine if it is similar to other psychological factors related to excessive stress reactivity, such as neuroticism or even depression, which are also associated with cognitive decline. It is important from a health perspective to develop better strategies to decrease loneliness in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barry S. Oken
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Josh Kaplan
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Daniel Klee
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Autumn M. Gallegos
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States
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Bethell J, Andrew MK, Hothi S, Mick P, Morgan D, O'Connell ME, Phillips NA, Stewart S, Walker JD, Wittich W, McGilton KS. Does social connection mediate the association between neuroticism and cognition? Cross-sectional analysis of the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging. Aging Ment Health 2024; 28:482-490. [PMID: 37667914 DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2023.2252369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study tested the association between neuroticism and six cognitive measures, and examined the potential mediating roles of social connection (social isolation and loneliness) among middle-aged and older adults. METHODS This cross-sectional study was a secondary analysis of the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging (CLSA) Comprehensive Cohort, a sample of Canadians aged 45-85 years at baseline. Respondents with data collected at the first follow-up, between 2015 and 2018, were included (n = 27,765). Structural equation modelling was used to assess the association between neuroticism and six cognitive measures (Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test immediate recall and delayed recall, Animal Fluency Test, Mental Alternation Test, Controlled Oral Word Association Test and Stroop Test interference ratio), with direct and indirect effects (through social isolation and loneliness). All analyses were stratified by sex, including females (n = 14,133) and males (n = 13,632). RESULTS In unadjusted models, there was evidence of associations between neuroticism and all cognitive measures, except the Stroop Test interference ratio, suggesting higher neuroticism was associated with lower scores on memory and executive function tests. In the models of these other five outcomes, there was consistent evidence of indirect effects (through social isolation and loneliness) and, in some cases, direct effects. The results are discussed in context with limitations, including the use of cross-sectional design and alternative hypotheses to explain the association between personality and cognition. CONCLUSION Among middle-aged and older adults, for both males and females, the findings suggest that the association between neuroticism and cognitive outcomes may be mediated by aspects of social connection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Bethell
- KITE-Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
- Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Melissa K Andrew
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
| | - Sobhneek Hothi
- KITE-Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Health Studies, University College, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Paul Mick
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Debra Morgan
- Canadian Centre for Health and Safety in Agriculture, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Megan E O'Connell
- Department of Psychology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Natalie A Phillips
- Department of Psychology, Centre for Research in Human Development, Concordia University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Steven Stewart
- KITE-Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Jennifer D Walker
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Walter Wittich
- School of Optometry, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Katherine S McGilton
- KITE-Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
- Lawrence S. Bloomberg Faculty of Nursing, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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Ronat L, Rönnlund M, Adolfsson R, Hanganu A, Pudas S. Revised Temperament and Character Inventory factors predict neuropsychiatric symptoms and aging-related cognitive decline across 25 years. Front Aging Neurosci 2024; 16:1335336. [PMID: 38450380 PMCID: PMC10915205 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2024.1335336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Personality traits and neuropsychiatric symptoms such as neuroticism and depression share genetic overlap and have both been identified as risks factors for development of aging-related neurocognitive decline and Alzheimer's disease (AD). This study aimed to examine revised personality factors derived from the Temperament and Character Inventory, previously shown to be associated with psychiatric disorders, as predictors of neuropsychiatric, cognitive, and brain trajectories of participants from a population-based aging study. Methods Mixed-effect linear regression analyses were conducted on data for the full sample (Nmax = 1,286), and a healthy subsample not converting to AD-dementia during 25-year follow-up (Nmax = 1,145), complemented with Cox proportional regression models to determine risk factors for conversion to clinical AD. Results Two personality factors, Closeness to Experience (CE: avoidance of new stimuli, high anxiety, pessimistic anticipation, low reward seeking) and Tendence to Liabilities (TL: inability to change, low autonomy, unaware of the value of their existence) were associated with higher levels of depressive symptoms, stress (CE), sleep disturbance (TL), as well as greater decline in memory, vocabulary and verbal fluency in the full sample. Higher CE was additionally associated with greater memory decline across 25 years in the healthy subsample, and faster right hippocampal volume reduction across 8 years in a neuroimaging subsample (N = 216). Most, but not all, personality-cognition associations persisted after controlling for diabetes, hypertension and cardiovascular disease. Concerning risks for conversion to AD, higher age, and APOE-ε4, but none of the personality measures, were significant predictors. Conclusion The results indicate that personality traits associated with psychiatric symptoms predict accelerated age-related neurocognitive declines even in the absence of neurodegenerative disease. The attenuation of some personality effects on cognition after adjustment for health indicators suggests that those effects may be partly mediated by somatic health. Taken together, the results further emphasize the importance of personality traits in neurocognitive aging and underscore the need for an integrative (biopsychosocial) perspective of normal and pathological age-related cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Ronat
- Centre de Recherche de l’Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal, Neuroimaging of Emotions Lab, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Medical and Translational Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | | | - Rolf Adolfsson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Alexandru Hanganu
- Centre de Recherche de l’Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal, Neuroimaging of Emotions Lab, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Sara Pudas
- Department of Medical and Translational Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
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Schaeffer MJ, MacDonald SWS, Paterson TSE. Premorbid personality traits as predictors for incident predementia syndromes: a multistate model approach. J Int Neuropsychol Soc 2024:1-11. [PMID: 38282390 DOI: 10.1017/s1355617723011505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Associations have been found between five-factor model (FFM) personality traits and risk of developing specific predementia syndromes such as subjective cognitive decline (SCD) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI). The aims of this study were to: 1) Compare baseline FFM traits between participants who transitioned from healthy cognition or SCD to amnestic MCI (aMCI) versus non-amnestic MCI (naMCI); and 2) Determine the relationship between FFM traits and risk of transition between predementia cognitive states. METHODS Participants were 562 older adults from the Einstein Aging Study, 378 of which had at least one follow-up assessment. Baseline data collected included levels of FFM personality traits, anxiety and depressive symptoms, medical history, performance on a cognitive battery, and demographics. Follow-up cognitive diagnoses were also recorded. RESULTS Mann-Whitney U tests revealed no differences in baseline levels of FFM personality traits between participants who developed aMCI compared to those who developed naMCI. A four-state multistate Markov model revealed that higher levels of conscientiousness were protective against developing SCD while higher levels of neuroticism resulted in an increased risk of developing SCD. Further, higher levels of extraversion were protective against developing naMCI. CONCLUSIONS FFM personality traits may be useful in improving predictions of who is at greatest risk for developing specific predementia syndromes. Information on these personality traits could enrich clinical trials by permitting trials to target individuals who are at greatest risk for developing specific forms of cognitive impairment. These results should be replicated in future studies with larger sample sizes and younger participants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Theone S E Paterson
- Department of Psychology, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
- Neuropsychology and Cognitive Health, Baycrest Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Yuan C, Liu S, Yang K, Xie F, Li Y, Guo Y, Zhao W, Zhang J, Cheng Z. Causal association between colorectal cancer and Alzheimer's disease: a bidirectional two-sample mendelian randomization study. Front Genet 2024; 14:1180905. [PMID: 38250575 PMCID: PMC10797121 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1180905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Colorectal cancer and Alzheimer's disease are both common life-threatening diseases in the elderly population. Some studies suggest a possible inverse relationship between colorectal cancer and Alzheimer's disease, but real-world research is subject to many biases. We hope to clarify the causal relationship between the two through a bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization study. Methods: In our study, we used genetic summary data from large-scale genome-wide association studies to investigate the relationship between colorectal cancer and Alzheimer's disease. Our primary analysis employed the inverse-variance weighted method and we also used complementary techniques, including MR-Egger, weighted median estimator, and Maximum likelihood. We applied simex adjustment to the MR-Egger results. We also utilized the MRlap package to detect potential sample overlap and its impact on the bias of the results. In addition, we performed several sensitivity and heterogeneity analyses, to ensure the reliability of our results. Results: The combined effect size results of the inverse-variance weighted method indicate that colorectal cancer may decrease the incidence of Alzheimer's disease, with an odds ratio (OR) of 0.846 (95% CI: 0.762-0.929). Similar results were observed using other methods such as MR-Egger, weighted median estimator, and Maximum likelihood. On the other hand, Alzheimer's disease may slightly increase the incidence of colorectal cancer, with an OR of 1.014 (95% CI: 1.001-1.027). However, the results of one subgroup were not significant, and the results from MRlap indicated that sample overlap introduced bias into the results. Therefore, the results of the reverse validation are not reliable. The F-statistic for all SNPs was greater than 20. Four SNPs related to the outcome were excluded using Phenoscanner website but the adjustment did not affect the overall direction of the results. The results of these statistics were further validated by MR-PRESSO, funnel plots, leave-one-out analyses, Cochran's Q, demonstrating the reliability of the findings. Conclusion: According to the findings of this Mendelian randomization study, there appears to be a causal association between colorectal cancer and Alzheimer's disease. These results could have important implications for clinical practice in terms of how colorectal cancer and Alzheimer's disease are treated. To better understand the relationship between these two diseases, more research and screening are needed in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunsheng Yuan
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Department of Integrative Oncology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Saisai Liu
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Department of Dermatology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Kezhen Yang
- School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Feiyu Xie
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Oncology Department, Wangjing Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yinan Li
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Oncology Department, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medicine University, Beijing, China
| | - Yantong Guo
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Department of Integrative Oncology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Wenjun Zhao
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Department of Integrative Oncology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jincheng Zhang
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Department of Integrative Oncology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiqiang Cheng
- Department of Integrative Oncology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
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Vinceti G, Carbone C, Gallingani C, Fiondella L, Salemme S, Zucchi E, Martinelli I, Gianferrari G, Tondelli M, Mandrioli J, Chiari A, Zamboni G. The association between lifelong personality and clinical phenotype in the FTD-ALS spectrum. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1248622. [PMID: 37859765 PMCID: PMC10582748 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1248622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) are two phenotypes of the same neurodegenerative disease, the FTD-ALS spectrum. What determines the development of one rather than the other phenotype is still unknown. Based on the clinical observation that patients' personality seems to differ between the two phenotypes, i.e., ALS patients tend to display kind, prosocial behaviors whereas FTD patients tend to present anti-social behaviors, and that these traits are often reported as pre-existing the disease onset by caregivers, we set up to study experimentally patients' personality in their premorbid life. Methods We first tested for differences between groups, then tested the association between premorbid personality and current functional organization of the brain. Premorbid personality of a cohort of forty patients, 27 FTD and 13 ALS, was explored through the NEO Personality Inventory 3 (NEO-PI-3), which analyses the five main personality factors, completed by the caregiver with reference to patient's personality 20 years before symptoms onset (premorbid). A subgroup of patients underwent a brain MRI including structural and resting-state functional MRI (rsfMRI). Results A significant difference between FTD and ALS in premorbid personality emerged in the Openness (133.92 FTD vs. 149.84 ALS, p = 0.01) and Extraversion (136.55 FTD vs. 150.53 ALS, p = 0.04) factors. This suggests that ALS patients had been, in their premorbid life, more open to new experiences, more sociable and optimistic than FTD patients. They also showed greater functional connectivity than both FTD and a control group in the Salience resting state network, over and above differences in gray matter atrophy. Finally, there was a positive correlation between premorbid Openness and functional connectivity in the Salience network across all patients, suggesting a possible association between premorbid personality and current functional organization of the brain, irrespective of the degree of atrophy. Discussion Our proof-of-concept results suggest that premorbid personality may eventually predispose to the development of one, rather than the other, phenotype in the FTD-ALS spectrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Vinceti
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
- Neurology Unit, Ospedale Civile Baggiovara, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria di Modena, Modena, Italy
| | - Chiara Carbone
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Chiara Gallingani
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
- Neurology Unit, Ospedale Civile Baggiovara, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria di Modena, Modena, Italy
| | - Luigi Fiondella
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
- Neurology Unit, Ospedale Civile Baggiovara, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria di Modena, Modena, Italy
| | - Simone Salemme
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
- Neurology Unit, Ospedale Civile Baggiovara, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria di Modena, Modena, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Zucchi
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
- Neurology Unit, Ospedale Civile Baggiovara, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria di Modena, Modena, Italy
| | - Ilaria Martinelli
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
- Neurology Unit, Ospedale Civile Baggiovara, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria di Modena, Modena, Italy
| | - Giulia Gianferrari
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
- Neurology Unit, Ospedale Civile Baggiovara, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria di Modena, Modena, Italy
| | - Manuela Tondelli
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
- Department of Primary Care, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale di Modena, Modena, Italy
| | - Jessica Mandrioli
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
- Neurology Unit, Ospedale Civile Baggiovara, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria di Modena, Modena, Italy
| | - Annalisa Chiari
- Neurology Unit, Ospedale Civile Baggiovara, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria di Modena, Modena, Italy
| | - Giovanna Zamboni
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
- Neurology Unit, Ospedale Civile Baggiovara, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria di Modena, Modena, Italy
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Zhang Y, Chen SD, Deng YT, You J, He XY, Wu XR, Wu BS, Yang L, Zhang YR, Kuo K, Feng JF, Cheng W, Suckling J, David Smith A, Yu JT. Identifying modifiable factors and their joint effect on dementia risk in the UK Biobank. Nat Hum Behav 2023; 7:1185-1195. [PMID: 37024724 DOI: 10.1038/s41562-023-01585-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
Previous hypothesis-driven research has identified many risk factors linked to dementia. However, the multiplicity and co-occurrence of risk factors have been underestimated. Here we analysed data of 344,324 participants from the UK Biobank with 15 yr of follow-up data for 210 modifiable risk factors. We first conducted an exposure-wide association study and then combined factors associated with dementia to generate composite scores for different domains. We then evaluated their joint associations with dementia in a multivariate Cox model. We estimated the potential impact of eliminating the unfavourable profiles of risk domains on dementia using population attributable fraction. The associations varied by domain, with lifestyle (16.6%), medical history (14.0%) and socioeconomic status (13.5%) contributing to the majority of dementia cases. Overall, we estimated that up to 47.0%-72.6% of dementia cases could be prevented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhang
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, National Center for Neurological Disorders, Shanghai, China
| | - Shi-Dong Chen
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, National Center for Neurological Disorders, Shanghai, China
| | - Yue-Ting Deng
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, National Center for Neurological Disorders, Shanghai, China
| | - Jia You
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
- Fudan ISTBI-ZJNU Algorithm Centre for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
| | - Xiao-Yu He
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, National Center for Neurological Disorders, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin-Rui Wu
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, National Center for Neurological Disorders, Shanghai, China
| | - Bang-Sheng Wu
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, National Center for Neurological Disorders, Shanghai, China
| | - Liu Yang
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, National Center for Neurological Disorders, Shanghai, China
| | - Ya-Ru Zhang
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, National Center for Neurological Disorders, Shanghai, China
| | - Kevin Kuo
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, National Center for Neurological Disorders, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian-Feng Feng
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
- Fudan ISTBI-ZJNU Algorithm Centre for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
- MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Cheng
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, National Center for Neurological Disorders, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
- Fudan ISTBI-ZJNU Algorithm Centre for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
| | - John Suckling
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - A David Smith
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Jin-Tai Yu
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, National Center for Neurological Disorders, Shanghai, China.
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Sachs BC, Gaussoin SA, Brenes GA, Casanova R, Chlebowski RT, Chen JC, Luo J, Rapp SR, Shadyab AH, Shumaker S, Wactawski-Wende J, Wells GL, Hayden KM. The relationship between optimism, MCI, and dementia among postmenopausal women. Aging Ment Health 2023; 27:1208-1216. [PMID: 35694859 PMCID: PMC9741664 DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2022.2084710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The relationship between optimism and cognitive functioning is not fully understood. We examined the association of optimism with risk of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and dementia in the Women's Health Initiative Memory Study (WHIMS). METHODS Optimism was measured by the Life Orientation Test-Revised (LOT-R) total score, and optimism and pessimism subscales. A panel of experts adjudicated cognitive endpoints based on annual cognitive assessments. We used cox proportional hazard regression models to examine the association of LOT-R total score and optimism and pessimism sub-scores with MCI/dementia. We also examined the relationship between vascular disease, LOT-R total score, optimism and pessimism, and cognition. RESULTS Mean age was 70.5 (SD = 3.9) years. The sample (N = 7249) was 87% white, and 29.8% of participants had < 12 years of education. Total LOT-R score (HR = 0.96, 95% CI: 0.94, 0.98, p < 0.001) was associated with lower risk of combined MCI or dementia. More pessimism (HR = 1.08, 95% CI: 1.05, 1.11, p < 0.0001) was associated with higher risk of MCI or dementia after adjustment for ethnicity, education, vascular disease, and depression. No significant relationships emerged from the optimism subscale. CONCLUSION These data suggest that less pessimism, but not more optimism, was associated with a lower risk of MCI and dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bonnie C Sachs
- Department of Neurology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem,NC USA
| | - Sarah A Gaussoin
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine Winston-Salem, NC USA
| | - Gretchen A Brenes
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem,NC USA
| | - Ramon Casanova
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine Winston-Salem, NC USA
| | - Rowan T Chlebowski
- Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA USA
| | - Jiu-Chiuan Chen
- Departments of Population & Public Health Sciences and Neurology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Juhua Luo
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN USA
| | - Stephen R Rapp
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC USA
- Department of Social Sciences and Health Policy, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC USA
| | - Aladdin H Shadyab
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Sally Shumaker
- Department of Social Sciences and Health Policy, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC USA
| | - Jean Wactawski-Wende
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY USA
| | - Gretchen L Wells
- Gill Heart and Vascular Institute, University of Kentucky School of Medicine, Lexington, KY USA
| | - Kathleen M Hayden
- Department of Social Sciences and Health Policy, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC USA
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10
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Saenz J, Milani S, Mejía-Arango S. Gender, Personality, and Cognitive Resilience Against Early-Life Disadvantage. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 2023; 78:913-924. [PMID: 36715207 PMCID: PMC10174201 DOI: 10.1093/geronb/gbad017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Early-life disadvantage (ELD) relates to lower late-life cognition. However, personality factors, including having an internal locus of control (LOC) or a conscientious personality, relate to resilience and effective stress coping. We explore whether personality factors convey resilience against the negative effects of ELD on cognition, by gender, in Mexico. METHODS Using the 2015 Mexican Health and Aging Study, we estimated expected cognition using multiple ELD markers to identify a subsample in the lowest quartile of expected cognition given ELD (n = 2,086). In this subsample, we estimated cross-sectional associations between personality and having above-median observed cognitive ability (n = 522) using logistic regression. RESULTS Among those in the lowest quartile of expected cognition, a more internal LOC (β = 0.32 [men] and β = 0.44 [women]) and conscientious personality (β = 0.39 [men] and β = 0.17 [women]) were significantly associated with having above-median cognitive ability in models adjusted for demographic confounders. Larger benefits of conscientiousness were observed for men than women. Associations between personality and having above-median cognitive ability remained statistically significant after further adjustment for health, stress, and cognitive stimulation variables, regardless of gender. DISCUSSION Personality factors may convey resilience among individuals who experienced ELD, potentially breaking the link between ELD and worse late-life cognition. Structural factors and gender roles may affect how much women benefit from personality factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph L Saenz
- Edson College of Nursing and Health Innovation, Arizona State University, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Sadaf Arefi Milani
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Silvia Mejía-Arango
- Institute of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Harlingen, Texas, USA
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11
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Henriques-Calado J. Personality traits and disorders in Alzheimer's disease. Brain Behav 2023; 13:e2938. [PMID: 36919197 PMCID: PMC10097140 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.2938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The relationships between axis II personality disorders and the normative personality traits were explored in the context of current and pre-morbid personality assessment in Alzheimer's disease (AD). METHODS The study was conducted with four groups who were administered the NEO-FFI and the PDQ-4+, in the form of individual interview sessions. Current personality measure: consisting of 44 female participants (AD group) and, the control group, consisting of 80 female participants from the population at large. Pre-morbid personality measure: AD group informants (n = 40); control group informants (n = 42). RESULTS The results are in line with the literature review and provide new research data. By factorial discriminant analysis, the current and pre-morbid personality variables that differentiate AD from control groups are identified. The personality traits variables are the best discriminators such as low agreeableness, low openness to experience, and high neuroticism, suggesting that the maladaptive personality functioning can be described extending the range of psychopathology to a dimensional approach. CONCLUSIONS The study of personality variables seems to suggest, in their inclusion, the possibility to increase sensitivity toward an assessment in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Henriques-Calado
- Faculdade de Psicologia, Universidade de Lisboa, Alameda da Universidade, Lisboa, Portugal.,CICPSI, Faculdade de Psicologia, Universidade de Lisboa, Alameda da Universidade, Lisboa, Portugal
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12
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Steffens DC, Manning KJ, Wu R, Grady JJ. Effects of Longitudinal Changes in Neuroticism and Stress on Cognitive Decline. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 2023; 31:171-179. [PMID: 36376230 DOI: 10.1016/j.jagp.2022.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The relationships among depression, personality factors, stress, and cognitive decline in the elderly are complex. Depressed elders score higher in neuroticism than nondepressed older individuals. Independently, the presence of neuroticism and the number of stressful life events are each associated with worsening cognitive decline in depressed older adults. Yet little is known about combined effects of changes in neuroticism and changes in stress on cognitive decline among older depressed adults. DESIGN Longitudinal observational study. SETTING Academic Health Center. PARTICIPANTS The authors examined 62 participants in the Neurobiology of Late-life depression (NBOLD) study to test the hypothesis that, compared with older depressed subjects who experience improved neuroticism and lower psychosocial stressors over time, those with worsening neuroticism and greater psychosocial stressors will demonstrate more cognitive decline. MEASUREMENTS The authors measured neuroticism using the NEO-Personality Inventory-Revised at baseline and 1 year. Study psychiatrists measured depression using the Montgomery-Ǻsberg Depression Rating Scale. At annual assessments, subjects reported the number of psychosocial stressors in the prior year and completed a neuropsychological evaluation. Participants completed a detailed neuropsychological battery at baseline and annually over 3 years. The battery included a test of delayed story memory (Logical Memory-2 or LMII). The outcome 3-year change in cognitive scores was regressed against 3-year change scores of neuroticism and number of psychosocial stressors, plus their interaction, while adjusting for sex, age, race, education, baseline cognitive score, and 3-year change in MADRS score as covariates. RESULTS In multivariable linear regression analysis with the above covariates, the interaction effect of 3-year change in Total Neuroticism score and 3-year change in Total Stressors on change in LMII performance was statistically significant (B = -0.080[95%CL: -0.145 to -0.015], T = -2.48, df = 52, p = 0.017). Further exploration of this finding showed that 1) when total stressors increased by 2 or more over 3 years, LMII change was inversely associated with neuroticism change; and 2) when neuroticism improved less, LMII change score was inversely associated with total stressor change. There were no other significant interactions between stress and neuroticism on cognition. CONCLUSION Our findings document the importance of tracking change in neuroticism and monitoring psychosocial stress over the long-term course of treatment in geriatric depression. Both factors exert important combined effects on memory over time. Future studies in larger samples are needed to confirm our results and to extend them to examine both cognitive change and development of dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- David C Steffens
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT.
| | - Kevin J Manning
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT
| | - Rong Wu
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT
| | - James J Grady
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT
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13
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Reuben A, Moffitt TE, Abraham WC, Ambler A, Elliott ML, Hariri AR, Harrington H, Hogan S, Houts RM, Ireland D, Knodt AR, Leung J, Pearson A, Poulton R, Purdy SC, Ramrakha S, Rasmussen LJH, Sugden K, Thorne PR, Williams B, Wilson G, Caspi A. Improving risk indexes for Alzheimer's disease and related dementias for use in midlife. Brain Commun 2022; 4:fcac223. [PMID: 36213312 PMCID: PMC9535507 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcac223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Knowledge of a person’s risk for Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias (ADRDs) is required to triage candidates for preventive interventions, surveillance, and treatment trials. ADRD risk indexes exist for this purpose, but each includes only a subset of known risk factors. Information missing from published indexes could improve risk prediction. In the Dunedin Study of a population-representative New Zealand-based birth cohort followed to midlife (N = 938, 49.5% female), we compared associations of four leading risk indexes with midlife antecedents of ADRD against a novel benchmark index comprised of nearly all known ADRD risk factors, the Dunedin ADRD Risk Benchmark (DunedinARB). Existing indexes included the Cardiovascular Risk Factors, Aging, and Dementia index (CAIDE), LIfestyle for BRAin health index (LIBRA), Australian National University Alzheimer’s Disease Risk Index (ANU-ADRI), and risks selected by the Lancet Commission on Dementia. The Dunedin benchmark was comprised of 48 separate indicators of risk organized into 10 conceptually distinct risk domains. Midlife antecedents of ADRD treated as outcome measures included age-45 measures of brain structural integrity [magnetic resonance imaging-assessed: (i) machine-learning-algorithm-estimated brain age, (ii) log-transformed volume of white matter hyperintensities, and (iii) mean grey matter volume of the hippocampus] and measures of brain functional integrity [(i) objective cognitive function assessed via the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-IV, (ii) subjective problems in everyday cognitive function, and (iii) objective cognitive decline measured as residualized change in cognitive scores from childhood to midlife on matched Weschler Intelligence scales]. All indexes were quantitatively distributed and proved informative about midlife antecedents of ADRD, including algorithm-estimated brain age (β's from 0.16 to 0.22), white matter hyperintensities volume (β's from 0.16 to 0.19), hippocampal volume (β's from −0.08 to −0.11), tested cognitive deficits (β's from −0.36 to −0.49), everyday cognitive problems (β's from 0.14 to 0.38), and longitudinal cognitive decline (β's from −0.18 to −0.26). Existing indexes compared favourably to the comprehensive benchmark in their association with the brain structural integrity measures but were outperformed in their association with the functional integrity measures, particularly subjective cognitive problems and tested cognitive decline. Results indicated that existing indexes could be improved with targeted additions, particularly of measures assessing socioeconomic status, physical and sensory function, epigenetic aging, and subjective overall health. Existing premorbid ADRD risk indexes perform well in identifying linear gradients of risk among members of the general population at midlife, even when they include only a small subset of potential risk factors. They could be improved, however, with targeted additions to more holistically capture the different facets of risk for this multiply determined, age-related disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Reuben
- Correspondence to: Aaron Reuben Department of Psychology and Neuroscience Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA E-mail:
| | - Terrie E Moffitt
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA,Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA,King’s College London, Social, Genetic, and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, London, UK,PROMENTA, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Wickliffe C Abraham
- Brain Health Research Centre, Department of Psychology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Antony Ambler
- King’s College London, Social, Genetic, and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, London, UK
| | - Maxwell L Elliott
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Ahmad R Hariri
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Honalee Harrington
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Sean Hogan
- Dunedin Multidisciplinary Health and Development Research Unit, Department of Psychology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Renate M Houts
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - David Ireland
- Dunedin Multidisciplinary Health and Development Research Unit, Department of Psychology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Annchen R Knodt
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Joan Leung
- School of Psychology, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Amber Pearson
- Department of Geography, Environment, and Spatial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA,Department of Public Health, University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Richie Poulton
- Dunedin Multidisciplinary Health and Development Research Unit, Department of Psychology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Suzanne C Purdy
- Center for Brain Research, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Sandhya Ramrakha
- Dunedin Multidisciplinary Health and Development Research Unit, Department of Psychology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Line J H Rasmussen
- Department of Clinical Research, Copenhagen University Hospital Amager and Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Karen Sugden
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Peter R Thorne
- Center for Brain Research, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand,Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, Department of Physiology, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand,Section of Audiology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Benjamin Williams
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Graham Wilson
- Dunedin Multidisciplinary Health and Development Research Unit, Department of Psychology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand,Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Avshalom Caspi
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA,Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA,King’s College London, Social, Genetic, and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, London, UK,PROMENTA, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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14
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Demnitz-King H, Gonneaud J, Klimecki OM, Chocat A, Collette F, Dautricourt S, Jessen F, Krolak-Salmon P, Lutz A, Morse RM, Molinuevo JL, Poisnel G, Touron E, Wirth M, Walker Z, Chételat G, Marchant NL. Association of Self-reflection With Cognition and Brain Health in Cognitively Unimpaired Older Adults. Neurology 2022; 99:e1422-e1431. [PMID: 35853750 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000200951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Self-reflection (the active evaluation of ones thoughts, feelings, and behaviors) can confer protection against adverse health outcomes. Its effect on markers sensitive to Alzheimer disease (AD), however, is unknown. The primary objective of this cross-sectional study was to examine the association between self-reflection and AD-sensitive markers. METHODS This study used baseline data from cognitively unimpaired older adults enrolled in the Age-Well clinical trial and older adults with subjective cognitive decline from the SCD-Well clinical trial. In both cohorts, self-reflection was measured via the reflective pondering subscale of the Rumination Response Scale, global cognition assessed via the Preclinical Alzheimer's Cognitive Composite 5, and a modified late-life Lifestyle-for-Brain-Health (LIBRA) index computed to assess health and lifestyle factors. In Age-Well, glucose metabolism and amyloid deposition were quantified in AD-sensitive gray matter regions via fluorodeoxyglucose- and AV45-PET scans, respectively. Associations between self-reflection and AD-sensitive markers (global cognition, glucose metabolism, and amyloid deposition) were assessed via unadjusted and adjusted regressions. Furthermore, we explored whether associations were independent of health and lifestyle factors. To control for multiple comparisons in Age-Well, false discovery rate-corrected p values (p FDR) are reported. RESULTS A total of 134 (mean age 69.3 ± 3.8 years, 61.9% women) Age-Well and 125 (mean age 72.6 ± 6.9 years, 65.6% women) SCD-Well participants were included. Across unadjusted and adjusted analyses, self-reflection was associated with better global cognition in both cohorts (Age-Well: adjusted-β = 0.22, 95% CI 0.05-0.40, p FDR = 0.041; SCD-Well: adjusted-β = 0.18, 95% CI 0.03-0.33, p = 0.023) and with higher glucose metabolism in Age-Well after adjustment for all covariates (adjusted-β = 0.29, 95% CI 0.03-0.55, p FDR = 0.041). Associations remained following additional adjustment for LIBRA but did not survive false discovery rate (FDR) correction. Self-reflection was not associated with amyloid deposition (adjusted-β = 0.13, 95% CI -0.07 to 0.34, p FDR = 0.189). DISCUSSION Self-reflection was associated with better global cognition in 2 independent cohorts and with higher glucose metabolism after adjustment for covariates. There was weak evidence that relationships were independent from health and lifestyle behaviors. Longitudinal and experimental studies are warranted to elucidate whether self-reflection helps preserve cognition and glucose metabolism or whether reduced capacity to self-reflect is a harbinger of cognitive decline and glucose hypometabolism. TRIAL REGISTRATION INFORMATION Age-Well: NCT02977819; SCD-Well: NCT03005652.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harriet Demnitz-King
- From the Division of Psychiatry (H.D.-K., R.M.M., Z.W., N.L.M.-A.R.G.), Faculty of Brain Sciences, University College London, United Kingdom; Normandie Univ (J.G., A.C., S.D., G.P., E.T., G.C.), UNICAEN, INSERM, U1237, PhIND "Physiopathology and Imaging Neurological Disorders," Institut Blood and Brain at Caen-Normandie, Cyceron, Caen, France; Clinical Psychology and Behavioural Neuroscience (O.M.K.), Technische Universität Dresden, Germany; GIGA-CRC In Vivo Imaging (F.C.), Université de Liège, Belgium; Department of Psychiatry (F.J.), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Germany; Hospices Civils de Lyon (P.K.-S.), Institut du Vielllissement, CRC Vielllissement-Cerveau-Fragilité, France; Lyon Neuroscience Research Center Inserm U1028 (A.L.), CNRS UMR5292, Lyon 1 University, France; Alzheimer's Disease and Other Cognitive Disorders Unit (J.L.M.), Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain; and German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.W.), Dresden
| | - Julie Gonneaud
- From the Division of Psychiatry (H.D.-K., R.M.M., Z.W., N.L.M.-A.R.G.), Faculty of Brain Sciences, University College London, United Kingdom; Normandie Univ (J.G., A.C., S.D., G.P., E.T., G.C.), UNICAEN, INSERM, U1237, PhIND "Physiopathology and Imaging Neurological Disorders," Institut Blood and Brain at Caen-Normandie, Cyceron, Caen, France; Clinical Psychology and Behavioural Neuroscience (O.M.K.), Technische Universität Dresden, Germany; GIGA-CRC In Vivo Imaging (F.C.), Université de Liège, Belgium; Department of Psychiatry (F.J.), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Germany; Hospices Civils de Lyon (P.K.-S.), Institut du Vielllissement, CRC Vielllissement-Cerveau-Fragilité, France; Lyon Neuroscience Research Center Inserm U1028 (A.L.), CNRS UMR5292, Lyon 1 University, France; Alzheimer's Disease and Other Cognitive Disorders Unit (J.L.M.), Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain; and German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.W.), Dresden
| | - Olga M Klimecki
- From the Division of Psychiatry (H.D.-K., R.M.M., Z.W., N.L.M.-A.R.G.), Faculty of Brain Sciences, University College London, United Kingdom; Normandie Univ (J.G., A.C., S.D., G.P., E.T., G.C.), UNICAEN, INSERM, U1237, PhIND "Physiopathology and Imaging Neurological Disorders," Institut Blood and Brain at Caen-Normandie, Cyceron, Caen, France; Clinical Psychology and Behavioural Neuroscience (O.M.K.), Technische Universität Dresden, Germany; GIGA-CRC In Vivo Imaging (F.C.), Université de Liège, Belgium; Department of Psychiatry (F.J.), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Germany; Hospices Civils de Lyon (P.K.-S.), Institut du Vielllissement, CRC Vielllissement-Cerveau-Fragilité, France; Lyon Neuroscience Research Center Inserm U1028 (A.L.), CNRS UMR5292, Lyon 1 University, France; Alzheimer's Disease and Other Cognitive Disorders Unit (J.L.M.), Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain; and German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.W.), Dresden
| | - Anne Chocat
- From the Division of Psychiatry (H.D.-K., R.M.M., Z.W., N.L.M.-A.R.G.), Faculty of Brain Sciences, University College London, United Kingdom; Normandie Univ (J.G., A.C., S.D., G.P., E.T., G.C.), UNICAEN, INSERM, U1237, PhIND "Physiopathology and Imaging Neurological Disorders," Institut Blood and Brain at Caen-Normandie, Cyceron, Caen, France; Clinical Psychology and Behavioural Neuroscience (O.M.K.), Technische Universität Dresden, Germany; GIGA-CRC In Vivo Imaging (F.C.), Université de Liège, Belgium; Department of Psychiatry (F.J.), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Germany; Hospices Civils de Lyon (P.K.-S.), Institut du Vielllissement, CRC Vielllissement-Cerveau-Fragilité, France; Lyon Neuroscience Research Center Inserm U1028 (A.L.), CNRS UMR5292, Lyon 1 University, France; Alzheimer's Disease and Other Cognitive Disorders Unit (J.L.M.), Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain; and German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.W.), Dresden
| | - Fabienne Collette
- From the Division of Psychiatry (H.D.-K., R.M.M., Z.W., N.L.M.-A.R.G.), Faculty of Brain Sciences, University College London, United Kingdom; Normandie Univ (J.G., A.C., S.D., G.P., E.T., G.C.), UNICAEN, INSERM, U1237, PhIND "Physiopathology and Imaging Neurological Disorders," Institut Blood and Brain at Caen-Normandie, Cyceron, Caen, France; Clinical Psychology and Behavioural Neuroscience (O.M.K.), Technische Universität Dresden, Germany; GIGA-CRC In Vivo Imaging (F.C.), Université de Liège, Belgium; Department of Psychiatry (F.J.), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Germany; Hospices Civils de Lyon (P.K.-S.), Institut du Vielllissement, CRC Vielllissement-Cerveau-Fragilité, France; Lyon Neuroscience Research Center Inserm U1028 (A.L.), CNRS UMR5292, Lyon 1 University, France; Alzheimer's Disease and Other Cognitive Disorders Unit (J.L.M.), Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain; and German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.W.), Dresden
| | - Sophie Dautricourt
- From the Division of Psychiatry (H.D.-K., R.M.M., Z.W., N.L.M.-A.R.G.), Faculty of Brain Sciences, University College London, United Kingdom; Normandie Univ (J.G., A.C., S.D., G.P., E.T., G.C.), UNICAEN, INSERM, U1237, PhIND "Physiopathology and Imaging Neurological Disorders," Institut Blood and Brain at Caen-Normandie, Cyceron, Caen, France; Clinical Psychology and Behavioural Neuroscience (O.M.K.), Technische Universität Dresden, Germany; GIGA-CRC In Vivo Imaging (F.C.), Université de Liège, Belgium; Department of Psychiatry (F.J.), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Germany; Hospices Civils de Lyon (P.K.-S.), Institut du Vielllissement, CRC Vielllissement-Cerveau-Fragilité, France; Lyon Neuroscience Research Center Inserm U1028 (A.L.), CNRS UMR5292, Lyon 1 University, France; Alzheimer's Disease and Other Cognitive Disorders Unit (J.L.M.), Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain; and German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.W.), Dresden
| | - Frank Jessen
- From the Division of Psychiatry (H.D.-K., R.M.M., Z.W., N.L.M.-A.R.G.), Faculty of Brain Sciences, University College London, United Kingdom; Normandie Univ (J.G., A.C., S.D., G.P., E.T., G.C.), UNICAEN, INSERM, U1237, PhIND "Physiopathology and Imaging Neurological Disorders," Institut Blood and Brain at Caen-Normandie, Cyceron, Caen, France; Clinical Psychology and Behavioural Neuroscience (O.M.K.), Technische Universität Dresden, Germany; GIGA-CRC In Vivo Imaging (F.C.), Université de Liège, Belgium; Department of Psychiatry (F.J.), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Germany; Hospices Civils de Lyon (P.K.-S.), Institut du Vielllissement, CRC Vielllissement-Cerveau-Fragilité, France; Lyon Neuroscience Research Center Inserm U1028 (A.L.), CNRS UMR5292, Lyon 1 University, France; Alzheimer's Disease and Other Cognitive Disorders Unit (J.L.M.), Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain; and German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.W.), Dresden
| | - Pierre Krolak-Salmon
- From the Division of Psychiatry (H.D.-K., R.M.M., Z.W., N.L.M.-A.R.G.), Faculty of Brain Sciences, University College London, United Kingdom; Normandie Univ (J.G., A.C., S.D., G.P., E.T., G.C.), UNICAEN, INSERM, U1237, PhIND "Physiopathology and Imaging Neurological Disorders," Institut Blood and Brain at Caen-Normandie, Cyceron, Caen, France; Clinical Psychology and Behavioural Neuroscience (O.M.K.), Technische Universität Dresden, Germany; GIGA-CRC In Vivo Imaging (F.C.), Université de Liège, Belgium; Department of Psychiatry (F.J.), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Germany; Hospices Civils de Lyon (P.K.-S.), Institut du Vielllissement, CRC Vielllissement-Cerveau-Fragilité, France; Lyon Neuroscience Research Center Inserm U1028 (A.L.), CNRS UMR5292, Lyon 1 University, France; Alzheimer's Disease and Other Cognitive Disorders Unit (J.L.M.), Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain; and German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.W.), Dresden
| | - Antoine Lutz
- From the Division of Psychiatry (H.D.-K., R.M.M., Z.W., N.L.M.-A.R.G.), Faculty of Brain Sciences, University College London, United Kingdom; Normandie Univ (J.G., A.C., S.D., G.P., E.T., G.C.), UNICAEN, INSERM, U1237, PhIND "Physiopathology and Imaging Neurological Disorders," Institut Blood and Brain at Caen-Normandie, Cyceron, Caen, France; Clinical Psychology and Behavioural Neuroscience (O.M.K.), Technische Universität Dresden, Germany; GIGA-CRC In Vivo Imaging (F.C.), Université de Liège, Belgium; Department of Psychiatry (F.J.), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Germany; Hospices Civils de Lyon (P.K.-S.), Institut du Vielllissement, CRC Vielllissement-Cerveau-Fragilité, France; Lyon Neuroscience Research Center Inserm U1028 (A.L.), CNRS UMR5292, Lyon 1 University, France; Alzheimer's Disease and Other Cognitive Disorders Unit (J.L.M.), Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain; and German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.W.), Dresden
| | - Rachel M Morse
- From the Division of Psychiatry (H.D.-K., R.M.M., Z.W., N.L.M.-A.R.G.), Faculty of Brain Sciences, University College London, United Kingdom; Normandie Univ (J.G., A.C., S.D., G.P., E.T., G.C.), UNICAEN, INSERM, U1237, PhIND "Physiopathology and Imaging Neurological Disorders," Institut Blood and Brain at Caen-Normandie, Cyceron, Caen, France; Clinical Psychology and Behavioural Neuroscience (O.M.K.), Technische Universität Dresden, Germany; GIGA-CRC In Vivo Imaging (F.C.), Université de Liège, Belgium; Department of Psychiatry (F.J.), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Germany; Hospices Civils de Lyon (P.K.-S.), Institut du Vielllissement, CRC Vielllissement-Cerveau-Fragilité, France; Lyon Neuroscience Research Center Inserm U1028 (A.L.), CNRS UMR5292, Lyon 1 University, France; Alzheimer's Disease and Other Cognitive Disorders Unit (J.L.M.), Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain; and German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.W.), Dresden
| | - José Luis Molinuevo
- From the Division of Psychiatry (H.D.-K., R.M.M., Z.W., N.L.M.-A.R.G.), Faculty of Brain Sciences, University College London, United Kingdom; Normandie Univ (J.G., A.C., S.D., G.P., E.T., G.C.), UNICAEN, INSERM, U1237, PhIND "Physiopathology and Imaging Neurological Disorders," Institut Blood and Brain at Caen-Normandie, Cyceron, Caen, France; Clinical Psychology and Behavioural Neuroscience (O.M.K.), Technische Universität Dresden, Germany; GIGA-CRC In Vivo Imaging (F.C.), Université de Liège, Belgium; Department of Psychiatry (F.J.), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Germany; Hospices Civils de Lyon (P.K.-S.), Institut du Vielllissement, CRC Vielllissement-Cerveau-Fragilité, France; Lyon Neuroscience Research Center Inserm U1028 (A.L.), CNRS UMR5292, Lyon 1 University, France; Alzheimer's Disease and Other Cognitive Disorders Unit (J.L.M.), Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain; and German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.W.), Dresden
| | - Géraldine Poisnel
- From the Division of Psychiatry (H.D.-K., R.M.M., Z.W., N.L.M.-A.R.G.), Faculty of Brain Sciences, University College London, United Kingdom; Normandie Univ (J.G., A.C., S.D., G.P., E.T., G.C.), UNICAEN, INSERM, U1237, PhIND "Physiopathology and Imaging Neurological Disorders," Institut Blood and Brain at Caen-Normandie, Cyceron, Caen, France; Clinical Psychology and Behavioural Neuroscience (O.M.K.), Technische Universität Dresden, Germany; GIGA-CRC In Vivo Imaging (F.C.), Université de Liège, Belgium; Department of Psychiatry (F.J.), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Germany; Hospices Civils de Lyon (P.K.-S.), Institut du Vielllissement, CRC Vielllissement-Cerveau-Fragilité, France; Lyon Neuroscience Research Center Inserm U1028 (A.L.), CNRS UMR5292, Lyon 1 University, France; Alzheimer's Disease and Other Cognitive Disorders Unit (J.L.M.), Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain; and German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.W.), Dresden
| | - Edelweiss Touron
- From the Division of Psychiatry (H.D.-K., R.M.M., Z.W., N.L.M.-A.R.G.), Faculty of Brain Sciences, University College London, United Kingdom; Normandie Univ (J.G., A.C., S.D., G.P., E.T., G.C.), UNICAEN, INSERM, U1237, PhIND "Physiopathology and Imaging Neurological Disorders," Institut Blood and Brain at Caen-Normandie, Cyceron, Caen, France; Clinical Psychology and Behavioural Neuroscience (O.M.K.), Technische Universität Dresden, Germany; GIGA-CRC In Vivo Imaging (F.C.), Université de Liège, Belgium; Department of Psychiatry (F.J.), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Germany; Hospices Civils de Lyon (P.K.-S.), Institut du Vielllissement, CRC Vielllissement-Cerveau-Fragilité, France; Lyon Neuroscience Research Center Inserm U1028 (A.L.), CNRS UMR5292, Lyon 1 University, France; Alzheimer's Disease and Other Cognitive Disorders Unit (J.L.M.), Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain; and German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.W.), Dresden
| | - Miranka Wirth
- From the Division of Psychiatry (H.D.-K., R.M.M., Z.W., N.L.M.-A.R.G.), Faculty of Brain Sciences, University College London, United Kingdom; Normandie Univ (J.G., A.C., S.D., G.P., E.T., G.C.), UNICAEN, INSERM, U1237, PhIND "Physiopathology and Imaging Neurological Disorders," Institut Blood and Brain at Caen-Normandie, Cyceron, Caen, France; Clinical Psychology and Behavioural Neuroscience (O.M.K.), Technische Universität Dresden, Germany; GIGA-CRC In Vivo Imaging (F.C.), Université de Liège, Belgium; Department of Psychiatry (F.J.), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Germany; Hospices Civils de Lyon (P.K.-S.), Institut du Vielllissement, CRC Vielllissement-Cerveau-Fragilité, France; Lyon Neuroscience Research Center Inserm U1028 (A.L.), CNRS UMR5292, Lyon 1 University, France; Alzheimer's Disease and Other Cognitive Disorders Unit (J.L.M.), Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain; and German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.W.), Dresden
| | - Zuzana Walker
- From the Division of Psychiatry (H.D.-K., R.M.M., Z.W., N.L.M.-A.R.G.), Faculty of Brain Sciences, University College London, United Kingdom; Normandie Univ (J.G., A.C., S.D., G.P., E.T., G.C.), UNICAEN, INSERM, U1237, PhIND "Physiopathology and Imaging Neurological Disorders," Institut Blood and Brain at Caen-Normandie, Cyceron, Caen, France; Clinical Psychology and Behavioural Neuroscience (O.M.K.), Technische Universität Dresden, Germany; GIGA-CRC In Vivo Imaging (F.C.), Université de Liège, Belgium; Department of Psychiatry (F.J.), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Germany; Hospices Civils de Lyon (P.K.-S.), Institut du Vielllissement, CRC Vielllissement-Cerveau-Fragilité, France; Lyon Neuroscience Research Center Inserm U1028 (A.L.), CNRS UMR5292, Lyon 1 University, France; Alzheimer's Disease and Other Cognitive Disorders Unit (J.L.M.), Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain; and German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.W.), Dresden
| | - Gaël Chételat
- From the Division of Psychiatry (H.D.-K., R.M.M., Z.W., N.L.M.-A.R.G.), Faculty of Brain Sciences, University College London, United Kingdom; Normandie Univ (J.G., A.C., S.D., G.P., E.T., G.C.), UNICAEN, INSERM, U1237, PhIND "Physiopathology and Imaging Neurological Disorders," Institut Blood and Brain at Caen-Normandie, Cyceron, Caen, France; Clinical Psychology and Behavioural Neuroscience (O.M.K.), Technische Universität Dresden, Germany; GIGA-CRC In Vivo Imaging (F.C.), Université de Liège, Belgium; Department of Psychiatry (F.J.), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Germany; Hospices Civils de Lyon (P.K.-S.), Institut du Vielllissement, CRC Vielllissement-Cerveau-Fragilité, France; Lyon Neuroscience Research Center Inserm U1028 (A.L.), CNRS UMR5292, Lyon 1 University, France; Alzheimer's Disease and Other Cognitive Disorders Unit (J.L.M.), Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain; and German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.W.), Dresden
| | - Natalie L Marchant
- From the Division of Psychiatry (H.D.-K., R.M.M., Z.W., N.L.M.-A.R.G.), Faculty of Brain Sciences, University College London, United Kingdom; Normandie Univ (J.G., A.C., S.D., G.P., E.T., G.C.), UNICAEN, INSERM, U1237, PhIND "Physiopathology and Imaging Neurological Disorders," Institut Blood and Brain at Caen-Normandie, Cyceron, Caen, France; Clinical Psychology and Behavioural Neuroscience (O.M.K.), Technische Universität Dresden, Germany; GIGA-CRC In Vivo Imaging (F.C.), Université de Liège, Belgium; Department of Psychiatry (F.J.), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Germany; Hospices Civils de Lyon (P.K.-S.), Institut du Vielllissement, CRC Vielllissement-Cerveau-Fragilité, France; Lyon Neuroscience Research Center Inserm U1028 (A.L.), CNRS UMR5292, Lyon 1 University, France; Alzheimer's Disease and Other Cognitive Disorders Unit (J.L.M.), Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain; and German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.W.), Dresden.
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15
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Strikwerda-Brown C. Psychological Wellbeing: A New Target for Dementia Prevention? Neurology 2022; 99:547-548. [PMID: 35853746 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000201110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Cherie Strikwerda-Brown
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada .,Centre for Studies on the Prevention of Alzheimer's Disease, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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16
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Oh H. Extraversion Is Associated With Lower Brain Beta-Amyloid Deposition in Cognitively Normal Older Adults. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:900581. [PMID: 35912077 PMCID: PMC9325961 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.900581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence suggests that some personality traits may link to the vulnerability to or protection for Alzheimer’s disease (AD). A causal mechanism underlying this relationship, however, remains largely unknown. Using 18F-Florbetaben positron emission tomography (PET) binding to beta-amyloid (Aβ) plaques, a pathological feature of AD, and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), we investigated pathological and functional correlates of extraversion and neuroticism in a group of healthy young and older subjects. We quantified the level of brain Aβ deposition in older individuals. Brain activity was measured in young adults using a task-switching fMRI paradigm. When we correlated personality scores of extraversion and neuroticism with these pathological and functional measures, higher extraversion, but not neuroticism, was significantly associated with lower global Aβ measures among older adults, accounting for age and sex. This association was present across widespread brain regions. Among young subjects, higher extraversion was associated with lower activity during task switching in the anterior cingulate cortex, left anterior insular cortex, left putamen, and middle frontal gyrus bilaterally, while higher neuroticism was associated with increased activity throughout the brain. The present results suggest that possibly via efficient neuronal activity, extraversion, one of the lifelong personality traits, may confer the protective mechanism against the development of Aβ pathology during aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hwamee Oh
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
- Department of Cognitive, Linguistic, and Psychological Sciences, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
- Carney Institute for Brain Science, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
- Memory and Aging Program, Butler Hospital, Providence, RI, United States
- Division of Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Neurology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, United States
- *Correspondence: Hwamee Oh
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17
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Montoliu T, Pulopulos MM, Puig-Pérez S, Hidalgo V, Salvador A. Mediation of perceived stress and cortisol in the association between neuroticism and global cognition in older adults: A longitudinal study. Stress Health 2022; 38:290-303. [PMID: 34363312 DOI: 10.1002/smi.3088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Neuroticism has been associated with a greater dementia risk, but its association with cognitive decline in healthy older adults remains unclear. Stress has been proposed as one of the mechanisms that could explain this relationship. Our aim was to analyse, in healthy older people, the mediating role of perceived stress and the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) axis in the association between neuroticism and global cognition. At Waves 1 and 2 (4-year follow-up), 87 older people (49.4% women; M age = 65.08, SD = 4.54 at Wave 1) completed a neuropsychological battery and the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), and provided saliva samples on two (Wave 1) and three (Wave 2) consecutive days to measure the wake-to-bed slope. In Wave 2, neuroticism was assessed with the NEO-Five-Factor Inventory. PSS, but not the wake-to-bed slope, mediated the negative associations between neuroticism and global cognition (Waves 1, 2 and change). Regarding gender differences, PSS (Waves 1, 2 and change) and the wake-to-bed slope (Wave 2 and change) mediated these associations in men. Our results suggest that perceived stress and HPA-axis dysregulation could act as mechanisms underlying the association between neuroticism and cognitive functioning and decline, at least in older men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Montoliu
- Laboratory of Social Cognitive Neuroscience, Psychobiology-IDOCAL, Faculty of Psychology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Matías M Pulopulos
- IIS Aragón, Department of Psychology and Sociology, Area of Psychobiology, University of Zaragoza, Teruel, Spain
| | - Sara Puig-Pérez
- Research Group of Psychology and Quality of Life, Valencian International University, Valencia, Spain
| | - Vanesa Hidalgo
- Laboratory of Social Cognitive Neuroscience, Psychobiology-IDOCAL, Faculty of Psychology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.,IIS Aragón, Department of Psychology and Sociology, Area of Psychobiology, University of Zaragoza, Teruel, Spain
| | - Alicia Salvador
- Laboratory of Social Cognitive Neuroscience, Psychobiology-IDOCAL, Faculty of Psychology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
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18
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Mroczek DK, Weston SJ, Graham EK, Willroth EC. Data overuse in aging research: Emerging issues and potential solutions. Psychol Aging 2022; 37:141-147. [PMID: 33914579 PMCID: PMC8553804 DOI: 10.1037/pag0000605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Aging and lifespan development researchers have been fortunate to have public access to many longitudinal datasets. These data are valuable and see high utilization, yet this has a considerable downside. Many of these are heavily overused. Overuse of publicly available datasets creates dependency among published research papers giving the false impression of independent contributions to knowledge by reporting the same associations over multiple papers. This is a potentially serious problem in the aging literature given the high use of a relatively small number of well-known studies. Any irregularities or sampling biases in this relatively small number of samples have outsize influence on perceived answers to key aging questions. We detail this problem, focusing on issues of dependency among studies, sampling bias and overfitting, and contradictory estimates of the same effect from the same data in independent publications. We provide solutions, including greater use of data sharing, pre-registrations, holdout samples, split-sample cross-validation, and coordinated analysis. We argue these valuable datasets are public resources that are being diminished by overuse, with parallels in environmental science. Taking a conservation perspective, we hold that these practices (pre-registration, holdout samples) can preserve data resources for future generations of researchers. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel K. Mroczek
- Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Dept. of Medical Social Sciences
- Northwestern University, Weinberg College of Arts & Sciences, Dept. of Psychology
| | | | - Eileen K. Graham
- Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Dept. of Medical Social Sciences
| | - Emily C. Willroth
- Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Dept. of Medical Social Sciences
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19
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Adaralegbe AA, Egbuchiem H, Adeoti O, Abbasi K, Ezeani E, Adaralegbe NJF, Babarinde AO, Boms M, Nzeako C, Ayeni O. Do Personality Traits Influence the Association Between Depression and Dementia in Old Age? Gerontol Geriatr Med 2022; 8:23337214211068257. [PMID: 35071694 PMCID: PMC8772013 DOI: 10.1177/23337214211068257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Depression and personality traits are independent predictors of dementia or cognitive impairment. Despite the well-established relationship between these two psychosocial factors and dementia, no research has been documented on how personality traits can influence dementia in older adults exhibiting depressive symptoms. This study explores the influence of personality traits on the association between change in depression and dementia in old age. A population-based longitudinal cohort study involving two waves of data collected 5 years apart, containing 2210 American older adults, from the National Social Life, Health, and Aging Project to explore if personality traits influence how change in depression predicts the development of dementia. We assessed these relationships while adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics. Change in depression increased the likelihood of dementia at T2 by 4.2% (AOR = 1.04, p = 0.019) in the co-variate adjusted model. Personality traits, overall, did not influence how depression predicts the development of dementia. However, agreeableness individually nullified the effect of depression on the development of dementia, whereas extraversion was the only personality trait that significantly predicted dementia. Prosocial behaviors should be promoted in old age as these appear to be protective. In addition, early life education and a strong social support can keep the depression–dementia spectrum at bay in old age.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Khuzeman Abbasi
- Institute for Health, Health Care Policy and Aging Research, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Esther Ezeani
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Sinai Hospital of Baltimore, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | | | - Maureen Boms
- School of Public Health Tuscaloosa, The University of Alabama System, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA
| | | | - Olumide Ayeni
- School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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20
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Grodstein F, Yu L, de Jager PL, Levey A, Seyfried NT, Bennett DA. Exploring Cortical Proteins Underlying the Relation of Neuroticism to Cognitive Resilience. AGING BRAIN 2022; 2:100031. [PMID: 36874358 PMCID: PMC9979250 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbas.2022.100031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Some individuals maintain cognitive health despite neuropathology. Targets impacting "cognitive resilience" may provide interventions for preventing dementia without decreasing neuropathology. Neuroticism represents the tendency to experience negative emotions, and is related to worse cognitive resilience. Exploring proteins associated with cognitive resilience risk factors, such as neuroticism, could yield new protein targets. We used 355 postmortem prefrontal cortex from two cohorts to measure 8356 proteins. We identified (i) proteins associated with both neuroticism and cognitive resilience, and (ii) proteins statistically mediating relations of neuroticism to cognitive resilience. We found two proteins, 40S ribosomal proteinS3 (RPS3) and branched chain keto acid dehydrogenase E1, subunit beta (BCKDHB), ranked in the top 1% of smallest p-values in parallel linear regression models of neuroticism to protein levels, and protein levels to cognitive decline resilience. In mediation models, RPS3 and BCKDHB accounted for 25% (p=0.005) of the relation of neuroticism to cognitive resilience. Our sample size is modest, thus results may be due to chance (p-values did not meet Bonferroni significance) and will require further confirmation; however, investigating biologic mediators of associations of risk factors to cognitive resilience may help discover targets to promote cognitive resilience and reduce dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francine Grodstein
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Lei Yu
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.,Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Philip L de Jager
- Center for Translational and Computational Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurology and Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, NY, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Allan Levey
- Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Nicholas T Seyfried
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - David A Bennett
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.,Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
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21
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Giannakopoulos P, Rodriguez C, Montandon ML, Garibotto V, Haller S, Herrmann FR. Personality Impact on Alzheimer's Disease-Signature and Vascular Imaging Markers: A PET-MRI Study. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 85:1807-1817. [PMID: 34958019 DOI: 10.3233/jad-215062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several studies postulated that personality is an independent determinant of cognitive trajectories in old age. OBJECTIVE This study explores the impact of personality on widely used Alzheimer's disease (AD) and vascular imaging markers. METHODS We examined the association between personality and three classical AD imaging markers (centiloid-based-amyloid load, MRI volumetry in hippocampus, and media temporal lobe atrophy), and two vascular MRI parameters (Fazekas score and number of cortical microbleeds) assessed at baseline and upon a 54-month-follow-up. Personality was assessed with the Neuroticism Extraversion Openness Personality Inventory-Revised. Regression models were used to identify predictors of imaging markers including sex, personality factors, presence of APOE ɛ4 allele and cognitive evolution over time. RESULTS Cortical GM volumes were negatively associated with higher levels of Conscientiousness both at baseline and follow-up. In contrast, higher scores of Openness were related to better preservation of left hippocampal volumes in these two time points and negatively associated with medial temporal atrophy at baseline. Amyloid load was not affected by personality factors. Cases with higher Extraversion scores displayed higher numbers of cortical microbleeds at baseline. CONCLUSION Personality impact on brain morphometry is detected only in some among the routinely used imaging markers. The most robust associations concern the positive role of high levels of Conscientiousness and Openness on AD-signature MRI markers. Higher extraversion levels are associated with increased vulnerability to cortical microbleeds pointing to the fact that the socially favorable traits may have a detrimental effect on brain integrity in old age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panteleimon Giannakopoulos
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Medical Direction, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Cristelle Rodriguez
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Medical Direction, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Marie-Louise Montandon
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Department of Rehabilitation and Geriatrics, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Valentina Garibotto
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Diagnostic Department, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Sven Haller
- CIMC - Centre d'Imagerie Médicale de Cornavin, Geneva, Switzerland.,Department of Surgical Sciences, Radiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.,Faculty of Medicine of the University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Department of Radiology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - François R Herrmann
- Department of Rehabilitation and Geriatrics, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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22
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Best RD, Cruitt PJ, Oltmanns TF, Hill PL. Neuroticism predicts informant reported cognitive problems through health behaviors. Aging Ment Health 2021; 25:2191-2199. [PMID: 33183066 PMCID: PMC8767481 DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2020.1839857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Personality traits have been linked to cognitive impairment, though work is needed to understand the mechanisms involved. Research also needs to consider alternative markers of cognitive impairment, such as informant report measures. The aim of the current study was to examine the role of health behaviors and social engagement as mediators for the relationship between personality and informant reported cognitive problems. It was expected that neuroticism would predict cognitive problems through negative health behaviors, while conscientiousness might predict cognitive problems through positive health behaviors. METHODS Using data from the St. Louis Personality and Aging Network study at three time points, spanning approximately 2.27 years (N = 829, M age = 65.95), correlations were computed between the Big Five personality traits and health behaviors at wave 1, social engagement at wave 2, and informant reported cognitive problems at wave 3. Mediation tests examined whether health behaviors and social engagement explained the relationships found between personality and informant reported cognitive problems. RESULTS Findings showed that neuroticism at wave 1 significantly predicted informant reported cognitive problems at wave 3 and that health behaviors, specifically wellness maintenance, partially explained this relationship. No significant associations were found between informant reported cognitive problems and conscientiousness, agreeableness, extraversion, openness, or social engagement. CONCLUSION This study supports claims that neuroticism predicts later cognitive problems and expands on previous literature by demonstrating this relationship using an informant report measure. Furthermore, we found that health behaviors, and specifically wellness maintenance, account for some of the relationship between neuroticism and informant reported cognitive problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel D. Best
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Patrick J. Cruitt
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Thomas F. Oltmanns
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Patrick L. Hill
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
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Franks KH, Bransby L, Saling MM, Pase MP. Association of Stress with Risk of Dementia and Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 82:1573-1590. [PMID: 34366334 DOI: 10.3233/jad-210094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although many studies have investigated the association between stress and risk of dementia, findings are inconsistent due to the variation in the measures used to assess stress. OBJECTIVE We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate the association between psychological stress (including neuroticism, stressful life events, and perceived stress) and the risk of incident dementia and mild cognitive impairment in adults. METHODS PsycINFO, Embase, and MEDLINE were searched to October 2020 for eligible observational, prospective studies. Of the 1,607 studies screened, 26 (24 unique cohorts) were included in the qualitative analysis and 16 (15 unique cohorts) were included in the quantitative analysis. RESULTS Across studies, higher perceived stress was significantly associated with an increased risk of mild cognitive impairment (Cases/Total N = 207/860: hazard ratio [HR] = 1.19, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.03-1.38) and all-cause dementia (Cases/Total N = 203/1,882: HR = 1.44, 95% CI = 1.07-1.95). Exposure to two or more stressful life events (versus none) was significantly associated with an increased risk of all-cause dementia (Cases/Total N = 3,354/11,597: HR = 1.72, 95% CI = 1.14-2.60), while one or more stressful life events was not. Higher neuroticism was significantly associated with an increased risk of Alzheimer's disease dementia (Cases/Total N = 497/4,771: HR = 1.07, 95% CI = 1.01-1.12), but not all-cause dementia. CONCLUSION This review suggests that psychological stress in adulthood is associated with an increased risk of dementia. Further research is needed to clarify the mechanisms underlying these associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine H Franks
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lisa Bransby
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Michael M Saling
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Matthew P Pase
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
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24
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Lindert J, Paul KC, Lachman ME, Ritz B, Seeman TE. Depression-, Anxiety-, and Anger and Cognitive Functions: Findings From a Longitudinal Prospective Study. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:665742. [PMID: 34421666 PMCID: PMC8377351 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.665742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Determinants of changes in cognitive function during aging are not well-understood. We aimed to estimate the effects of depression-, anxiety- and anger symptoms on cognition and on cognition changes, especially on changes in episodic memory (EM) and executive functioning (EF). Methods: We analyze data from the Mid-Life in the Midlife in the United States Biomarker study at two time points including n = 710 women, and n = 542 men (1996/1997) at the first assessment and n = 669 women, and n = 514 men at the second assessment (2013/2014). To assess cognition we used the Brief Test of Adult Cognition (BTACT). To measure depression-, anxiety- and anger symptoms we used the Mood and Anxiety Symptom Questionnaire (MASQ), the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) and the State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory (STAXI). We used repeated models analyses to explore changes in cognition, and repeated measures linear mixed-effects models to investigate depression, anxiety and anger effects on cognition. All analyses were adjusted for potential confounders (cognition at baseline, age, education, income). Results: At the first assessment, women had significantly better episodic memory functioning than men; men in the oldest age group had significant better executive functioning. At the second assessment, more education, and white ethnicity were associated with less negative changes on episodic memory and executive functioning. Depression- and anger symptoms were associated with declines in episodic memory among women; anxiety symptoms were associated with declines in episodic memory and executive functioning in both gender in men (EF: β: -0.02, (95% CI: -0.03, -0.01; EM: β -0.02 (-0.02, 95% CI: -0.03, -0.01) and in women (EF: β -0.01, 95% CI: -0.02, -0.0004; EM: β -0.013, 95% CI: -0.03, -0.001). Conclusions: Depression-, anxiety- and anger symptoms were associated with changes in episodic memory and executive functioning. Further longitudinal studies are critical in populations in more countries to better understand the impact of depression, anxiety and anger symptoms on cognition changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jutta Lindert
- Department of Health and Social Work, University of Applied Sciences Emden/Leer, Emden, Germany
- Women's Research Center at Brandeis University, Waltham, MA, United States
| | - Kimberley C. Paul
- Department of Epidemiology, Jonathan and Karin Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Margie E. Lachman
- The Heller School for Social Policy and Management, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA, United States
| | - Beate Ritz
- Department of Epidemiology, Jonathan and Karin Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Teresa E. Seeman
- The Heller School for Social Policy and Management, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA, United States
- Division of Geriatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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25
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Capuano AW, Wilson RS, Leurgans SE, Sampaio C, Barnes LL, Farfel JM, Bennett DA. Neuroticism, negative life events, and dementia in older White and Black Brazilians. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2021; 36:901-908. [PMID: 33377540 PMCID: PMC8384138 DOI: 10.1002/gps.5491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Exposure to negative life events (NLEs) and neuroticism are associated with dementia. It is unknown whether neuroticism explains or modifies the association of NLEs with dementia in older Black and White Brazilians. METHODS A total of 1747 decedents 65 years and older White and Black (11% Black and 23% Mixed) Brazilians, 53% women, were included in the analyses. Data were obtained in a face-to-face interview with an informant (71% their children) who knew the decedents for 47 years on average. Dementia was classified using the Clinical Dementia Rating. NLEs were assessed with a 10-item scale involving common problems (e.g., death, illness, alcoholism, and financial). Neuroticism was assessed with a 6-item neuroticism scale adapted from the NEO Five-Factor Inventory. Models adjusted for age, sex, and education. Black and mixed-race were combined in the analyses. RESULTS NLEs (median of 2) were more common in Blacks than Whites (2.04 vs. 1.82, p = 0.007). More NLEs increased the odds of dementia (OR = 1.112, β = 0.106, p = 0.002), similarly in Blacks and Whites (β interaction = 0.046, p = 0.526). More NLEs were also associated with higher neuroticism (β = 0.071, p < 0.0001), in Whites but not in Blacks (β interaction = -0.048, p = 0.006). Neuroticism was associated with higher odds of dementia (OR = 1.658, β = 0.506, p=<0.001), in Whites but not in Blacks (β interaction = -0.420, p = 0.040). Overall, 34% of the effect of NLEs on dementia was associated with the underlying neuroticism trait in Whites (65%, Indirect OR = 1.060, p < 0.001) but no association was evident in Blacks (6%, Indirect OR = 1.008, p = 0.326). Neuroticism did not moderate the association of NLEs with dementia (OR = 0.979, β = -0.021, p = 0.717). CONCLUSION The association of NLEs and dementia is partially explained by neuroticism in older White but not in Blacks Brazilians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana W. Capuano
- Rush Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush Medical College, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Instituto de Assistência Médica Ao Servidor Público Estadual (IAMSPE), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Robert S. Wilson
- Rush Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush Medical College, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Rush Medical College, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Sue E. Leurgans
- Rush Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush Medical College, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Carolina Sampaio
- Instituto de Assistência Médica Ao Servidor Público Estadual (IAMSPE), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lisa L. Barnes
- Rush Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush Medical College, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Rush Medical College, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Jose M. Farfel
- Rush Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Instituto de Assistência Médica Ao Servidor Público Estadual (IAMSPE), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - David A. Bennett
- Rush Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush Medical College, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Instituto de Assistência Médica Ao Servidor Público Estadual (IAMSPE), São Paulo, Brazil
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Islamoska S, Hansen ÅM, Ishtiak-Ahmed K, Garde AH, Andersen PK, Garde E, Taudorf L, Waldemar G, Nabe-Nielsen K. Stress diagnoses in midlife and risk of dementia: a register-based follow-up study. Aging Ment Health 2021; 25:1151-1160. [PMID: 32233797 DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2020.1742656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Previous studies indicated that stress diagnoses increase the risk of dementia. However, previous results may be biased by confounding, reverse causation and misclassification. Therefore, the main aim of this study was to investigate the association between clinically diagnosed stress in midlife and later dementia risk, while addressing limitations of previous studies. METHODS The study population was selected from all individuals in Denmark born 1935-1956. Individuals diagnosed with stress in midlife (aged 37-58 years) were matched (1:5) with individuals without stress diagnoses based on sex and birthdate (N = 103,484). Data were retrieved from national registers. Cox regression models were adjusted for socio-demographic factors and different morbidities. RESULTS We found a 2.20 (95% CI: 1.93-2.50) times higher rate of dementia among individuals with any stress diagnosis registered in midlife compared with no stress diagnosis. Hazard rate ratios of dementia were 1.73 (95% CI: 1.13-2.65) among individuals with acute stress reactions, 2.37 (95% CI: 2.05-2.74) among individuals with adjustment disorders, and 2.20 (95% CI: 1.73-2.80) among individuals with unspecified stress reactions. Individuals with PTSD and other stress reactions had non-significantly elevated rates of dementia. Adjustment for confounding only slightly attenuated the association, and reverse causation did not appear to bias the results substantially. CONCLUSION Our results support the hypothesis that severe stress in midlife is an important risk factor for dementia. This finding emphasizes the importance of identifying and treating severe stress in midlife to reduce potential detrimental consequences for brain health in later life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Islamoska
- Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Åse Marie Hansen
- Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,The National Research Center for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kazi Ishtiak-Ahmed
- Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Affective Disorders, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Anne Helene Garde
- Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,The National Research Center for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Per Kragh Andersen
- Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ellen Garde
- Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lærke Taudorf
- Danish Dementia Research Centre, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Gunhild Waldemar
- Danish Dementia Research Centre, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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27
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Treyer V, Meyer RS, Buchmann A, Crameri GAG, Studer S, Saake A, Gruber E, Unschuld PG, Nitsch RM, Hock C, Gietl AF. Physical activity is associated with lower cerebral beta-amyloid and cognitive function benefits from lifetime experience-a study in exceptional aging. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0247225. [PMID: 33606797 PMCID: PMC7895362 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0247225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exceptional agers (85+ years) are characterized by preserved cognition presumably due to high cognitive reserve. In the current study, we examined whether personality, risk and protective factors for dementia as well as quality of life are associated with core features of Alzheimer's disease (amyloid-deposition and hippocampal volume) as well as cognition in exceptional aging. METHODS We studied 49 exceptional agers (average 87.8 years, range 84-94 years), with preserved activities of daily living and absence of dementia. All participants received a detailed clinical and neuropsychological examination. We used established questionnaires to measure lifetime experience, personality, recent physical and cognitive activity as well as quality of life. Cerebral amyloid-deposition was estimated by 18-[F]-Flutemetamol-PET and manual hippocampal volumetry was performed on 3D T1 MRI images. RESULTS In this sample of exceptional agers with preserved activities of daily living, we found intact cognitive performance in the subjects with the highest amyloid-load in the brain, but a lower quality of life with respect to autonomy as well as higher neuroticism. Higher self-reported physical activity in the last twelve months went with a lower amyloid load. Higher self-reported leisure-time/ not work-related activity went with better executive functioning at older age. CONCLUSION Even in exceptional aging, high amyloid load may subtly influence personality and quality of life. Our findings support a close relationship between high physical activity and low amyloid-deposition and underscore the importance of extracurricular activities for executive functions. As executive functions are known to be a central resource for everyday functioning in fostering extracurricular activities may be effective in delaying the onset of dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie Treyer
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine (IREM), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Rafael S. Meyer
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine (IREM), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Buchmann
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine (IREM), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Sandro Studer
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine (IREM), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Antje Saake
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine (IREM), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Esmeralda Gruber
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine (IREM), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Paul G. Unschuld
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine (IREM), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Hospital for Psychogeriatric Medicine, Psychiatric University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Roger M. Nitsch
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine (IREM), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Neurimmune, Schlieren-Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Christoph Hock
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine (IREM), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Neurimmune, Schlieren-Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Anton F. Gietl
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine (IREM), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Graham EK, James BD, Jackson KL, Willroth EC, Boyle P, Wilson R, Bennett DA, Mroczek DK. Associations Between Personality Traits and Cognitive Resilience in Older Adults. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 2021; 76:6-19. [PMID: 32969474 PMCID: PMC8574296 DOI: 10.1093/geronb/gbaa135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The goal of this paper was to examine associations between personality traits and resilience to neuropathologic burden. METHOD Using data from the Religious Orders Study and the Rush Memory and Aging Project, we identified a total of 1,375 participants with personality, cognitive, and post-mortem neuropathology data. We regressed cognition onto pathology and extracted the residuals as an indicator of cognitive resilience. We then modeled the effect of Big Five personality traits on cognitive resilience, adjusting for demographics, APOE status, medical comorbidities, and cognitive activity. The analytic plan was preregistered prior to data access or analysis, and all scripts and outputs are available online. RESULTS Higher neuroticism was associated with greater vulnerability to pathology. Results from exploratory analyses suggest that higher conscientiousness was associated with less cognitive decline relative to the amount of pathology, or greater resilience. Education and cognitive activity did not moderate these associations. DISCUSSION Personality may have a pathoplastic effect on neuropathology, as low neuroticism and high conscientiousness are associated with better function despite neuropathologic burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eileen K Graham
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Bryan D James
- Rush Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Kathryn L Jackson
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Emily C Willroth
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Patricia Boyle
- Rush Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Robert Wilson
- Rush Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - David A Bennett
- Rush Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Daniel K Mroczek
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
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29
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Yoon B, Baker SL, Korman D, Tennant VR, Harrison TM, Landau S, Jagust WJ. Conscientiousness is associated with less amyloid deposition in cognitively normal aging. Psychol Aging 2020; 35:993-999. [PMID: 33166168 DOI: 10.1037/pag0000582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Little is known about the association between personality and Alzheimer's disease (AD) biomarkers, and existing results are inconsistent. We aimed to determine whether personality was associated with β-amyloid (Aβ) accumulation in cognitively normal aging. One hundred twenty-nine participants were included in this cross-sectional study. Personality was measured with the Big Five Inventory (BFI) and brain Aβ deposition was assessed with [11C] Pittsburgh compound B (PiB)-positron emission tomography (PET) imaging. Conscientiousness scores had a negative association with global PiB distribution volume ratio (DVR) in all participants after adjusting for age, sex, education, and vascular risk factors (β[SE] = -0.19[0.09], 95% confidence interval [CI: -0.35, -0.02], p = .031), while agreeableness, extraversion, neuroticism, and openness had no association with global PiB DVR. Assuming the relative stability of personality traits, these findings suggest that conscientiousness may protect against Aβ accumulation in cognitively normal aging through mechanisms that are as yet unknown. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).
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Nabe-Nielsen K, Rod NH, Hansen ÅM, Prescott E, Grynderup MB, Islamoska S, Ishtiak-Ahmed K, Garde AH, Gyntelberg F, Mortensen EL, Phung TKT, Waldemar G, Westendorp RGJ. Perceived stress and dementia: Results from the Copenhagen city heart study. Aging Ment Health 2020; 24:1828-1836. [PMID: 31184203 DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2019.1625304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Objectives: We investigated if perceived stress in midlife increased the risk of dementia. Furthermore, we explored differences between subgroups related to sex, age and employment status when reporting stress.Methods: In this longitudinal study, we used information on perceived stress from 10,814 participants (mean age 56.7 years). Participants were followed through Danish national registers for development of dementia. Participants were considered at risk of dementia from the date they turned 60 years. Perceived stress was assessed as a combination of self-reported intensity and frequency of stress, and categorized into low (score 0-1), medium (score 2-4), and high stress (score 5-6). We used Poisson regression to estimate incidence rate ratios (IRR) and their 95% confidence intervals (CI) and adjusted for sociodemographic factors and psychiatric morbidity at baseline (main model) as well as cardio/cerebrovascular diseases and health behaviors at baseline (additional model).Results: The mean follow-up time was 13.8 years, and 1,519 participants were registered with dementia. Dementia risk was higher in participants reporting medium stress (IRR = 1.11, 95% CI: 0.99-1.24) and high stress (IRR = 1.36, 95% CI: 1.13-1.65). Adjustment for cardio/cerebrovascular diseases and health behaviors did not alter the results. We did not find strong support for differences between subgroups, although the association between stress and dementia was stronger for those who were employed at the time of reporting high stress.Conclusion: Our results provide empirical support for an effect of perceived stress on the risk of dementia in old age.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Naja Hulvej Rod
- Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Åse Marie Hansen
- Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,The National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Eva Prescott
- Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Sabrina Islamoska
- Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kazi Ishtiak-Ahmed
- Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anne Helene Garde
- Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,The National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Finn Gyntelberg
- The National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Erik Lykke Mortensen
- Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Center for Healthy Aging, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thien Kieu Thi Phung
- Danish Dementia Research Centre, University of Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Gunhild Waldemar
- Danish Dementia Research Centre, University of Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rudi G J Westendorp
- Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Center for Healthy Aging, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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31
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Schlosser M, Demnitz-King H, Whitfield T, Wirth M, Marchant NL. Repetitive negative thinking is associated with subjective cognitive decline in older adults: a cross-sectional study. BMC Psychiatry 2020; 20:500. [PMID: 33036587 PMCID: PMC7547434 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-020-02884-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the absence of a cure or effective treatment for dementia, attention has shifted towards identifying risk factors for prevention. Subjective Cognitive Decline (SCD) describes self-perceived worsening of cognition despite unimpaired performance on neuropsychological tests. SCD has been associated with an increased dementia risk and steeper memory decline. Repetitive negative thinking (RNT) is a transdiagnostic process that manifests across several mental health disorders associated with increased vulnerability to dementia. RNT has thus been proposed as a candidate marker of risk for dementia and, relatedly, could contribute to the manifestation of SCD. We aimed to investigate the relationship between SCD and RNT alongside other proposed psychological risk/protective factors for dementia and cognitive decline. METHODS In a cross-sectional online survey, 491 older adults (mean = 64.9 years, SD = 4.2; 63.1% female) completed measures of RNT, personality traits, purpose in life, worry, rumination, and meditation practice. SCD was assessed continuously via self-perceived cognitive function (Neuro-QoL) and categorically via endorsement (yes/no) of memory complaints. Regression models, using a stepwise backwards elimination, were built to assess associations between SCD, demographics, and all risk/protective factors. RESULTS A total of 24.2% of participants reported memory complaints. In the final prediction models, RNT was the only psychological variable associated with lower self-perceived cognitive function and with a higher likelihood of memory complaints. CONCLUSIONS This study empirically corroborates the theoretical relationship between SCD and RNT. Longitudinal studies are needed to establish whether RNT is a prodromal symptom or an independent risk factor, and whether RNT can be a promising construct for future research on SCD and dementia risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Schlosser
- Division of Psychiatry, Faculty of Brain Sciences, University College London, 6th Floor, Wing A, Maple House, 149 Tottenham Court Road, London, W1T 7NF, UK. .,Department of Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Harriet Demnitz-King
- grid.83440.3b0000000121901201Division of Psychiatry, Faculty of Brain Sciences, University College London, 6th Floor, Wing A, Maple House, 149 Tottenham Court Road, London, W1T 7NF UK
| | - Tim Whitfield
- grid.83440.3b0000000121901201Division of Psychiatry, Faculty of Brain Sciences, University College London, 6th Floor, Wing A, Maple House, 149 Tottenham Court Road, London, W1T 7NF UK
| | - Miranka Wirth
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Natalie L. Marchant
- grid.83440.3b0000000121901201Division of Psychiatry, Faculty of Brain Sciences, University College London, 6th Floor, Wing A, Maple House, 149 Tottenham Court Road, London, W1T 7NF UK
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Colombo B, Piromalli G, Pins B, Taylor C, Fabio RA. The relationship between cognitive reserve and personality traits: a pilot study on a healthy aging Italian sample. Aging Clin Exp Res 2020; 32:2031-2040. [PMID: 31650502 DOI: 10.1007/s40520-019-01386-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exploring the role of different individual factors in affecting the cognitive reserve levels is crucial step for aging research. Several studies explored the relationship between personality traits and aging, but a specific focus on the cognitive reserve is missing. AIMS This study aimed at collecting more direct evidence about possible relationships between cognitive reserve and personality traits. METHODS A sample of 100 healthy aging participants was involved in the study. They completed the Big Five personality inventory and a test to assess the cognitive reserve. RESULTS Results returned a positive relationship between the personality traits and participants' cognitive reserve. The only factor that did not return a significant correlation was Emotional stability (which overlaps with Neuroticism). DISCUSSION This study provides additional evidence to the existing literature and also adds relevant information and a critical reading regarding the role of personality traits that has been neglected in the aging literature, Friendliness and Conscientiousness. CONCLUSION The ability to measure and identify personality traits could be important in future research for developing interventions or activities that could target specific personality characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Colombo
- Neuroscience Lab, Champlain College, 163 South Willard Street, 05401, Burlington, VT, USA.
| | - Giulia Piromalli
- Department of Clinical and Medical Medicine, University of Messina, Piazza Pugliatti 1, 98122, Messina, Italy
| | - Brittany Pins
- Neuroscience Lab, Champlain College, 163 South Willard Street, 05401, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Catherine Taylor
- Neuroscience Lab, Champlain College, 163 South Willard Street, 05401, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Rosa Angela Fabio
- Department of Clinical and Medical Medicine, University of Messina, Piazza Pugliatti 1, 98122, Messina, Italy
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Rouch I, Dorey JM, Padovan C, Trombert-Paviot B, Benoit M, Laurent B, Boublay N, Krolak-Salmon P. Does Personality Predict Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms of Dementia? Results from PACO Prospective Study. J Alzheimers Dis 2020; 69:1099-1108. [PMID: 31156171 DOI: 10.3233/jad-190183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Premorbid personality could play a role in the onset of behavioral and psychological symptoms (BPS) in Alzheimer's disease (AD) but prospective studies are lacking. OBJECTIVE The present study aimed at prospectively assessing the influence of premorbid personality traits on BPS evolution in a population of patients with prodromal or mild AD. METHODS We used a multicenter prospective cohort study of 237 patients followed-up for 18 months. The influence of personality traits on BPS evolution, measured with Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI), was assessed using linear mixed-effect models. RESULTS A principal components analysis of the 12 NPI behavioral domains yielded five factors labelled as psychotic symptoms, affective symptoms, behavioral dyscontrol, apathy/appetite symptoms, and sleep disorders. During the follow-up, higher neuroticism was significantly associated with a higher progression of affective symptoms (p < 0.0001), apathy/appetite symptoms (p = 0.002), sleep disorders (p = 0.001) as well as global NPI scores (p < 0.0001). Greater conscientiousness was related to a lower evolution of psychotic (p = 0.002), affective (p = 0.02) and apathy/appetite symptoms (p = 0.02), and global NPI score (p < 0.0001). Higher openness was associated with lower affective symptoms evolution (p = 0.01). A significant relationship was found between higher extraversion, lower affective symptoms (p = 0.02), and higher behavioral dyscontrol (p = 0.04). CONCLUSION The present analysis suggests that premorbid personality may influence the evolution of BPS in prodromal or mild AD. Given these results, it seems important to give more importance to personality assessment in early AD, in order to better identify and manage patients at risk of adverse behavioral changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Rouch
- Memory Clinical and Research Center of Saint Etienne (CMRR), Neurology Unit, University Hospital of Saint Etienne, Saint-Etienne, France.,Memory Clinical and Research Center of Lyon (CMRR), Aging Institute I-Vie, University Hospital of Lyon, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Jean-Michel Dorey
- Memory Clinical and Research Center of Lyon (CMRR), Aging Institute I-Vie, University Hospital of Lyon, Villeurbanne, France.,Aging Psychiatry Unit, University Hospital Le Vinatier, Bron, France.,Brain Dynamics and Cognition, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, INSERM U1028, CNRS UMR 5292, Lyon, France
| | - Catherine Padovan
- Aging Psychiatry Unit, University Hospital Le Vinatier, Bron, France
| | - Béatrice Trombert-Paviot
- Public Health and Medical Information Unit, University Hospital of Saint-Etienne, Saint Etienne, France
| | - Michel Benoit
- Psychiatry Unit, Hôpital Pasteur, University Hospital of Nice, Nice, France
| | - Bernard Laurent
- Memory Clinical and Research Center of Saint Etienne (CMRR), Neurology Unit, University Hospital of Saint Etienne, Saint-Etienne, France
| | | | - Nawèle Boublay
- Memory Clinical and Research Center of Lyon (CMRR), Aging Institute I-Vie, University Hospital of Lyon, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Pierre Krolak-Salmon
- Memory Clinical and Research Center of Lyon (CMRR), Aging Institute I-Vie, University Hospital of Lyon, Villeurbanne, France.,Brain Dynamics and Cognition, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, INSERM U1028, CNRS UMR 5292, Lyon, France
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Neuvonen E, Hall A, Tolppanen AM, Ngandu T, Rusanen M, Laatikainen T, Soininen H, Kivipelto M, Solomon A. Late-life personality traits, cognitive impairment, and mortality in a population-based cohort. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2020; 35:989-999. [PMID: 32363652 DOI: 10.1002/gps.5321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We examined longitudinal associations between late-life personality traits and cognitive impairment, dementia, and mortality in the population-based Cardiovascular Risk Factors, Aging and Dementia (CAIDE) Study. METHODS Anger expression and trait anger (State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory), anxiety (State-Trait Anxiety Inventory), and sense of coherence (Sense of Coherence Scale) were assessed at the 1998 CAIDE visit (1266 cognitively normal individuals, mean age 71.0 years). Totally, 582 participants had complete re-examination in 2005-2008 (105 mild cognitive impairment, MCI; and 29 dementia). National registers data until 2008 were also used for both participants and nonparticipants to ascertain incident dementia (96 cases) and mortality (227 died). Analyses were adjusted for age, sex, education, follow-up time, cardiovascular and lifestyle factors, and depressive symptoms. RESULTS Higher anxiety was associated with higher risk of MCI/dementia (OR 1.68, 95% CI 1.07-2.63) and death (HR 1.46, 95% CI 1.08-1.98). High sense of coherence was associated with lower mortality (HR 0.65, 95% CI 0.45-0.93). These associations were attenuated after accounting for depressive symptoms (OR 1.57, 95% CI 0.96-2.58 for anxiety-MCI/dementia; HR 1.35, 95% CI 0.97-1.86 for anxiety-mortality; and HR 0.68, 95% CI 0.45-1.04 for sense of coherence-mortality). Trait anger was associated with higher dementia risk even after adjustments (HR 1.90, 95% CI 1.14-3.18). CONCLUSIONS Anxiety was linked to worse cognitive outcome and mortality and sense of coherence to lower mortality. Depressive symptoms attenuated the associations. As a novel finding, trait anger was connected to dementia risk. These findings emphasize the importance of personality-related risk factors for dementia and mortality. J Am Geriatr Soc 68:-, 2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Neuvonen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine/Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Anette Hall
- Institute of Clinical Medicine/Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Anna-Maija Tolppanen
- Research Centre for Comparative Effectiveness and Patient Safety, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.,School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Tiia Ngandu
- Public Health Promotion Unit, Department of Public Health Solutions, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland.,Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences, and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Minna Rusanen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine/Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.,Public Health Promotion Unit, Department of Public Health Solutions, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland.,Neurocenter, Department of Neurology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Tiina Laatikainen
- Public Health Promotion Unit, Department of Public Health Solutions, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland.,Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.,Joint Municipal Authority for North Karelia Social and Health Services (Siun sote), Joensuu, Finland
| | - Hilkka Soininen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine/Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.,Neurocenter, Department of Neurology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Miia Kivipelto
- Institute of Clinical Medicine/Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.,Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences, and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.,Ageing Epidemiology (AGE) Research Unit, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Alina Solomon
- Institute of Clinical Medicine/Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.,Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences, and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Montoliu T, Hidalgo V, Salvador A. Personality and Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis in Older Men and Women. Front Psychol 2020; 11:983. [PMID: 32581913 PMCID: PMC7291331 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Personality has been related to health and mortality risk, which has created interest in the biological pathways that could explain this relationship. Although a dysregulation of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis has been associated with health outcomes and aging, few studies have explored the association between personality and HPA axis functioning in older adults. In addition, it has been suggested that sex could moderate the relationship between personality and HPA axis functioning. Thus, our aim was to analyze the relationship between the big five personality traits and the diurnal cortisol pattern in older adults, as well as sex differences in this relationship. To do so, 79 older people (40 men and 39 women) from 59 to 81 years old (M = 69.19, SD = 4.60) completed the NEO-Five-Factor Inventory (FFI) to measure neuroticism, conscientiousness, extraversion, openness, and agreeableness. Saliva samples were provided on three consecutive days (awakening; 15, 30, and 45 min post-awakening; and bedtime) in order to analyze the diurnal cortisol pattern and, specifically, two cortisol indexes: the cortisol awakening response (CAR) and the diurnal cortisol slope (DCS). Results showed that neuroticism and conscientiousness moderated the diurnal cortisol pattern. Thus, individuals with higher neuroticism and lower conscientiousness scores showed higher bedtime cortisol levels, suggesting a less healthy diurnal cortisol pattern. Regarding the cortisol indexes, higher neuroticism and lower conscientiousness were related to greater CAR and DCS. Sex moderated the association between extraversion and the DCS. Specifically, higher extraversion was related to a lower DCS only in women. Openness and agreeableness were not related to the diurnal cortisol pattern. In conclusion, our results show that in older adults, neuroticism is a vulnerability factor for HPA axis dysregulation, with possible adverse effects on health. By contrast, conscientiousness, and extraversion only in women, appear to be protective factors of HPA axis functioning, with potential beneficial effects on health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Montoliu
- Laboratory of Social Cognitive Neuroscience, IDOCAL-Department of Psychobiology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Vanesa Hidalgo
- IIS Aragón, Department of Psychology and Sociology, Area of Psychobiology, University of Zaragoza, Teruel, Spain
| | - Alicia Salvador
- Laboratory of Social Cognitive Neuroscience, IDOCAL-Department of Psychobiology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
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Sekentei as a Socio-Cultural Determinant of Cognitive Function among Older Japanese People: Findings from the NEIGE Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17124480. [PMID: 32580416 PMCID: PMC7345683 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17124480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Sekentei (social appearance) is a Japanese concept that describes a person’s sense of implicit societal pressure to conform to social norms. However, evidence of a relationship between sekentei and health outcomes is sparse. This study examined the association between sekentei and cognitive function among community-dwelling older Japanese people. Baseline data were obtained from the Neuron to Environmental Impact across Generations (NEIGE) study conducted in 2017; 526 randomly sampled community-dwelling individuals aged 65–84 years living in Tokamachi, Niigata Prefecture, Japan were analyzed. The 12-item Sekentei Scale was used to assess sekentei. Cognitive function levels were evaluated with the Japanese version of Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE-J; ranging from 0–30). Approximately 10% and 25% had cognitive decline and mild cognitive impairment, respectively (MMSE-J scores of ≤23 and 24–26, respectively). Multinomial logistic regression analysis showed that both high and low levels of sekentei were associated with lower cognitive function, particularly mild cognitive impairment, after adjusting for sociodemographic factors, health behaviors, health conditions, and genetic factors. The current findings suggest that a moderate level of sekentei consciousness is beneficial for cognitive health, and that sekentei could be an important socio-cultural factor affecting cognitive function.
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Ayers E, Gulley E, Verghese J. The Effect of Personality Traits on Risk of Incident Pre-dementia Syndromes. J Am Geriatr Soc 2020; 68:1554-1559. [PMID: 32488931 DOI: 10.1111/jgs.16424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Personality traits have been shown to be associated with the risk of dementia; less is known about their association with pre-dementia syndromes. The aim of the present study was to examine the role of personality traits as predictors of incident pre-dementia, motoric cognitive risk (MCR), and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) syndromes. DESIGN We prospectively examined the association between five personality traits (neuroticism, extraversion, conscientiousness, agreeableness, and openness) and the risk of incident MCR or MCI. MCR builds on MCI operational definitions, substituting the cognitive impairment criterion with slow gait, and it is associated with increased risk for both Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia. SETTING Community based. PARTICIPANTS Nondemented participants (n = 524; 62% women) aged 65 years and older. MEASUREMENTS Cox proportional hazard analysis, adjusted for demographics and disease burden, was used to evaluate the risk of each pre-dementia syndrome based on baseline personality traits, measured using the Big Five Inventory. RESULTS Over a median follow-up of 3 years, 38 participants developed incident MCR, and 69 developed incident MCI (41 non-amnestic and 28 amnestic subtypes). Openness was associated with a reduced risk of developing incident MCR (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] = .94; 95% confidence interval [CI] = .89-.99), whereas neuroticism was associated with an increased risk of incident non-amnestic MCI (aHR = 1.06; 95% CI = 1.01-1.11). These associations remained significant even after considering the confounding effects of lifestyle or mood. None of the personality traits were associated with MCI overall or amnestic MCI. CONCLUSION These findings provide evidence of a distinct relationship between personality traits and development of specific pre-dementia syndromes. J Am Geriatr Soc 68:1554-1559, 2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmeline Ayers
- Department of Neurology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Emma Gulley
- Department of Neurology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Joe Verghese
- Department of Neurology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA.,Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
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Pfeiler TM, Egloff B. Personality and eating habits revisited: Associations between the big five, food choices, and Body Mass Index in a representative Australian sample. Appetite 2020; 149:104607. [DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2020.104607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Revised: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Byun MS, Jung JH, Sohn BK, Yi D, Lee JH, Jeon SY, Lee Y, Jung GJ, Lee JY, Kim YK, Shin SA, Sohn CH, Kang KM, Lee DY. Neuroticism, conscientiousness, and in vivo Alzheimer pathologies measured by amyloid PET and MRI. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2020; 74:303-310. [PMID: 31985106 DOI: 10.1111/pcn.12983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
AIM It has been suggested that personality traits, particularly neuroticism and conscientiousness, are risk factors for Alzheimer's disease (AD) and related cognitive decline. However, the underlying pathological links between personality traits and AD-related cognitive impairments remain unclear. Thus, the present study investigated associations of neuroticism and conscientiousness with in vivo cerebral amyloid-beta (Aβ) burden, AD-signature regional neurodegeneration, and white matter hyperintensities (WMH) in non-demented middle- and old-aged adults. METHODS A total of 397 non-demented participants underwent comprehensive clinical and neuropsychological assessments, 11 C-labeled Pittsburgh Compound B positron emission tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging. Additionally, the NEO Five-Factor Inventory was administered to both the participants and their informants to measure neuroticism and conscientiousness. RESULTS Neither neuroticism nor conscientiousness was associated with cerebral Aβ deposition or WMH. In contrast, higher neuroticism and lower conscientiousness, reported by informants in particular, were significantly associated with reduced AD-signature region cortical thickness. In regards to the direct and indirect effect of each personality on AD-signature region cortical thickness, only the direct effects were found, whereas indirect effects via Aβ deposition or WMH were not. CONCLUSION The present findings suggest that amyloid-independent regional neurodegeneration might underlie relations of neuroticism and conscientiousness with AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Soo Byun
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon Hyung Jung
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Bo Kyung Sohn
- Department of Psychiatry, Sanggye Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dahyun Yi
- Institute of Human Behavioral Medicine, Medical Research Center Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Ho Lee
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, National Center for Mental Health, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - So Yeon Jeon
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Younghwa Lee
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Gi Jung Jung
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Young Lee
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, SMG-SNU Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu Kyeong Kim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, SMG-SNU Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong A Shin
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, SMG-SNU Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chul-Ho Sohn
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Koung Mi Kang
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Young Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Institute of Human Behavioral Medicine, Medical Research Center Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Personality factors and cerebral glucose metabolism in community-dwelling older adults. Brain Struct Funct 2020; 225:1511-1522. [PMID: 32342225 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-020-02071-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Personality factors have been associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and dementia, but they have not been examined against markers of regional brain glucose metabolism (a primary measure of brain functioning) in older adults without clinically diagnosed cognitive impairment. The relationship between personality factors derived from the five-factor model and cerebral glucose metabolism determined using positron emission tomography (PET) with [18F]-2-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (18F-FDG-PET) was examined in a cohort of 237 non-demented, community-dwelling older adults aged 60-89 years (M ± SD = 73.76 ± 6.73). Higher neuroticism and lower scores on extraversion and conscientiousness were significantly associated with decreased glucose metabolism in brain regions typically affected by AD neuropathological processes, including the hippocampus and entorhinal cortex. Furthermore, while there were significant differences between apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 allele carriers and non-carriers on 18F-FDG-PET results in the neocortex and other brain regions (p < 0.05), there was no significant difference between carriers and non-carriers on personality factors and no significant interactions were found between APOE ε4 carriage and personality factors on brain glucose metabolism. In conclusion, we found significant relationships between personality factors and glucose metabolism in neural regions more susceptible to AD neuropathology in older adults without clinically significant cognitive impairment. These findings support the need for longitudinal research into the potential mechanisms underlying the relationship between personality and dementia risk, including measurement of change in other AD biomarkers (amyloid and tau imaging) and how they correspond to change in personality factors. Future research is also warranted to determine whether timely psychological interventions aimed at personality facets (specific aspects or characteristics of personality factors) can affect imaging or other biomarkers of AD resulting in delay or ideally preventing the onset of the cognitive impairment.
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Islamoska S, Ishtiak-Ahmed K, Hansen ÅM, Grynderup MB, Mortensen EL, Garde AH, Gyntelberg F, Prescott EIB, Török E, Waldemar G, Nabe-Nielsen K. Vital Exhaustion and Incidence of Dementia: Results from the Copenhagen City Heart Study. J Alzheimers Dis 2020; 67:369-379. [PMID: 30584138 PMCID: PMC6398840 DOI: 10.3233/jad-180478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Psychological distress is potentially linked to the risk of dementia through neurologic and cardiovascular mechanisms. Vital exhaustion (VE) is a mental state of psychological distress, which could be a risk factor for dementia. OBJECTIVE To investigate whether VE is a risk factor for dementia in later life. METHODS We used data from 6,807 participants attending the third survey of the Copenhagen City Heart Study in 1991-1994. VE was assessed by 17 symptoms (score: 0-17) from the Maastricht Questionnaire. Information on dementia was obtained from national registers. Risk time for dementia was counted from five years after VE assessment for participants > 55 years at the time of VE assessment. For younger participants, risk time for dementia was counted from the year they turned 60 years and onwards. Participants were followed until 2016. We used Poisson regression to calculate incidence rate ratios (IRR) and their 95% confidence intervals (CI). RESULTS During an average follow-up of 10 years, 872 participants were registered with dementia. We found a dose-response relation between the number of VE symptoms and the incidence of dementia. For every additional VE symptom, the dementia incidence increased by 2% (IRR = 1.024; 95% CI: 1.004-1.043). Adjustment for socio-demographic and health-related factors did not change the results substantially. Neither did stratification by age, sex, educational level, and marital status. CONCLUSION We found evidence that VE is a risk factor for dementia. Our sensitivity analyses supported that this association was not only due to VE being a potential prodromal sign of dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Islamoska
- Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kazi Ishtiak-Ahmed
- Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Åse Marie Hansen
- Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,The National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Erik Lykke Mortensen
- Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Center for Healthy Aging, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anne Helene Garde
- Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,The National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Finn Gyntelberg
- The National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Eszter Török
- Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Gunhild Waldemar
- Danish Dementia Research Centre, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Chapman BP, Huang A, Peters K, Horner E, Manly J, Bennett DA, Lapham S. Association Between High School Personality Phenotype and Dementia 54 Years Later in Results From a National US Sample. JAMA Psychiatry 2020; 77:148-154. [PMID: 31617877 PMCID: PMC6802373 DOI: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2019.3120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Personality phenotype has been associated with subsequent dementia in studies of older adults. However, neuropathologic changes often precede cognitive symptoms by many years and may affect personality itself. Therefore, it is unclear whether supposed dementia-prone personality profiles (high neuroticism and low conscientiousness) are true risk factors or merely reflections of preexisting disease. OBJECTIVES To examine whether personality during adolescence-a time when preclinical dementia pathology is unlikely to be present-confers risk of dementia in later life and to test whether associations could be accounted for by health factors in adolescence or differed across socioeconomic status (SES). DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Cohort study in the United States. Participants were members of Project Talent, a national sample of high school students in 1960. Individuals were identified who received a dementia-associated International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision (ICD-9) diagnosis code during any year between 2011 and 2013. The dates of our analysis were March 2018 to May 2019. EXPOSURES Ten personality traits were measured by the 150-item Project Talent Personality Inventory. Socioeconomic status was measured by a composite based on parental educational level, income, occupation, and property ownership. Participants were also surveyed on demographic factors and height and weight. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Medicare records were collected, with dementia diagnoses in the period of 2011 to 2013 classified according to the US Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services ICD-9-based algorithm. Cox proportional hazards regression models estimated the relative risk of dementia based on the 10 personality traits, testing interactions with SES and adjusting for demographic confounders. RESULTS The sample of 82 232 participants was 50.1% female, with a mean (SD) age of 15.8 (1.7) years at baseline and 69.5 (1.2) years at follow-up. Lower risk of dementia was associated with higher levels of vigor (hazard ratio for 1 SD, 0.93; 95% CI, 0.90-0.97; P < .001). Calm and maturity showed protective associations with later dementia that increased with SES. At 1 SD of SES, calm showed a hazard ratio of 0.89 (95% CI, 0.84-0.95; P < .001 for the interaction) and maturity showed a hazard ratio of 0.90 (95% CI, 0.85-0.96; P = .001 for the interaction). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE This study's findings suggest that the adolescent personality traits associated with later-life dementia are similar to those observed in studies of older persons. Moreover, the reduction in dementia risk associated with a calm and mature adolescent phenotype may be greater at higher levels of SES. Personality phenotype may be a true independent risk factor for dementia by age 70 years, preceding it by almost 5 decades and interacting with adolescent socioeconomic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin P. Chapman
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York,Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York
| | - Alison Huang
- American Institutes for Research, Washington, DC
| | - Kelly Peters
- American Institutes for Research, Washington, DC
| | | | - Jennifer Manly
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - David A. Bennett
- Rush Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Susan Lapham
- American Institutes for Research, Washington, DC
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43
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Ishtiak-Ahmed K, Hansen ÅM, Mortensen EL, Garde AH, Brødsgaard Grynderup M, Gyntelberg F, Islamoska S, Lund R, Phung TKT, Prescott E, Waldemar G, Nabe-Nielsen K. Midlife Forgetfulness and Risk of Dementia in Old Age: Results from the Danish Working Environment Cohort Study. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord 2020; 47:264-273. [PMID: 31319407 DOI: 10.1159/000500184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the current evidence of a high prevalence of forgetfulness in middle-aged individuals, and the evidence of a link between midlife memory complaints and biological changes in the brain, no previous study has yet investigated midlife forgetfulness in relation to risk of dementia in old age. AIMS We investigated whether midlife forgetfulness was an indicator of an increased risk of dementia in old age. METHODS We used data from 3,136 employed men and women who participated in the Danish Work Environment Cohort Study in 1990. These data were linked to Danish national registers. Participants were asked whether their closest relative had ever told them that they were forgetful. Incidence rate ratios (IRR) were estimated using Poisson regression analysis. RESULTS At baseline, 749 (24%) study participants were categorized as forgetful, and 86 (2.7%) participants were diagnosed with dementia during a total of 31,724 person-years at risk. After adjusting for sociodemographic factors, comorbidities, and work-related factors, midlife forgetfulness was associated with a higher risk of dementia (IRR = 1.82; 95% CI: 1.12-2.97). CONCLUSIONS This study is the first to investigate midlife forgetfulness and dementia, and the results suggest that midlife forgetfulness is an early indicator of an increased risk of dementia in old age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazi Ishtiak-Ahmed
- Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark,
| | - Åse Marie Hansen
- Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,The National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Erik Lykke Mortensen
- Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Center for Healthy Aging, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anne Helene Garde
- Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,The National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Finn Gyntelberg
- The National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sabrina Islamoska
- Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rikke Lund
- Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Center for Healthy Aging, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thien Kieu Thi Phung
- Danish Dementia Research Centre, Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Eva Prescott
- Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Gunhild Waldemar
- Danish Dementia Research Centre, Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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44
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Kempermann G. Making DEEP Sense of Lifestyle Risk and Resilience. Front Aging Neurosci 2019; 11:171. [PMID: 31379556 PMCID: PMC6651944 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2019.00171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
To effectively promote life-long health and resilience against – for example – neurodegenerative diseases, evidence-based recommendations must acknowledge the complex multidimensionality not only of the diseases but also of personal lifestyle. In a straightforward descriptive and heuristic framework, more than 50 potential lifestyle factors cluster around diet (D), education (E), exercise (E), and purpose (P), unveiling their many relationships across domains and scales. The resulting systematics and its visualization might be a small but helpful step toward the development of more comprehensive, interdisciplinary models of lifestyle-dependent risk and resilience and a means to explain the opportunities and limitations of preventive measures to the public and other stakeholders. Most importantly, this perspective onto the subject implies that not all lifestyle factors are created equal but that there is a hierarchy of values and needs that influences the success of lifestyle-based interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerd Kempermann
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Dresden, Germany.,Center for Regenerative Therapies (CRTD) TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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45
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Carbone E, Meneghetti C, Borella E. The influence of personality traits and facets on visuo-spatial task performance and self-assessed visuo-spatial inclinations in young and older adults. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0220525. [PMID: 31381616 PMCID: PMC6681964 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0220525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims Personality traits are suggested to influence adults’ cognitive performance, but little is known about their association with visuo-spatial competence, in terms of those visuo-spatial abilities and inclinations crucial to remaining autonomous, especially with aging. This study newly investigated whether, and to what extent, major traits and narrower facets of personality influence young and older adults’ performance in the so-called objective visuo-spatial abilities (mental rotation and visuo-spatial working memory [VSWM]), and self-assessed visuo-spatial inclinations (pleasure and anxiety in exploring places). Method Seventy young adults (18–35 years old) and 70 older adults (65–75 years old) completed the Big-Five questionnaire, objective rotation and VSWM tasks, and spatial self-assessments on pleasure and anxiety in exploring places. Results Hierarchical regression models confirmed that age negatively predicted the variance in objective visuo-spatial tasks, but not in self-assessed visuo-spatial inclinations, while only the latter were slightly influenced by gender (in favor of men). Further, both objective visuo-spatial abilities (albeit modestly) and self-assessed visuo-spatial inclinations were predicted by higher Conscientiousness. The latter were also predicted by higher Emotional Stability. Finally, a better objective visuo-spatial performance was explained (again modestly) by lower Dynamism and Politeness, and higher Emotion Control, while higher Perseverance, Emotion Control and Cooperativeness explained a moderate part of the variance in the positive self-assessed visuo-spatial inclinations. Conclusions Our findings indicate that, beyond age and gender, some personality traits and facets predict self-assessed visuo-spatial inclinations to a larger extent than objective visuo-spatial performance. These results are discussed within the spatial cognition and aging framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Carbone
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- * E-mail:
| | - Chiara Meneghetti
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Erika Borella
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
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46
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Panza F, Lozupone M, Solfrizzi V, Sardone R, Dibello V, Di Lena L, D'Urso F, Stallone R, Petruzzi M, Giannelli G, Quaranta N, Bellomo A, Greco A, Daniele A, Seripa D, Logroscino G. Different Cognitive Frailty Models and Health- and Cognitive-related Outcomes in Older Age: From Epidemiology to Prevention. J Alzheimers Dis 2019; 62:993-1012. [PMID: 29562543 PMCID: PMC5870024 DOI: 10.3233/jad-170963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 193] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Frailty, a critical intermediate status of the aging process that is at increased risk for negative health-related events, includes physical, cognitive, and psychosocial domains or phenotypes. Cognitive frailty is a condition recently defined by operationalized criteria describing coexisting physical frailty and mild cognitive impairment (MCI), with two proposed subtypes: potentially reversible cognitive frailty (physical frailty/MCI) and reversible cognitive frailty (physical frailty/pre-MCI subjective cognitive decline). In the present article, we reviewed the framework for the definition, different models, and the current epidemiology of cognitive frailty, also describing neurobiological mechanisms, and exploring the possible prevention of the cognitive frailty progression. Several studies suggested a relevant heterogeneity with prevalence estimates ranging 1.0–22.0% (10.7–22.0% in clinical-based settings and 1.0–4.4% in population-based settings). Cross-sectional and longitudinal population-based studies showed that different cognitive frailty models may be associated with increased risk of functional disability, worsened quality of life, hospitalization, mortality, incidence of dementia, vascular dementia, and neurocognitive disorders. The operationalization of clinical constructs based on cognitive impairment related to physical causes (physical frailty, motor function decline, or other physical factors) appears to be interesting for dementia secondary prevention given the increased risk for progression to dementia of these clinical entities. Multidomain interventions have the potential to be effective in preventing cognitive frailty. In the near future, we need to establish more reliable clinical and research criteria, using different operational definitions for frailty and cognitive impairment, and useful clinical, biological, and imaging markers to implement intervention programs targeted to improve frailty, so preventing also late-life cognitive disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Panza
- Department of Medical Sciences, Geriatric Unit and Laboratory of Gerontology and Geriatrics, IRCCS "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza", San Giovanni Rotondo, Foggia, Italy.,Department of Basic Medicine, Neurodegenerative Disease Unit, Neuroscience, and Sense Organs, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy.,Department of Clinical Research in Neurology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, "Pia Fondazione Cardinale G. Panico", Tricase, Lecce, Italy
| | - Madia Lozupone
- Department of Basic Medicine, Neurodegenerative Disease Unit, Neuroscience, and Sense Organs, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Solfrizzi
- Geriatric Medicine-Memory Unit and Rare Disease Centre, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Rodolfo Sardone
- National Institute of Gastroenterology "Saverio de Bellis", Research Hospital, Castellana Grotte Bari, Italy
| | - Vittorio Dibello
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine (DIM), Section of Dentistry, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Luca Di Lena
- National Institute of Gastroenterology "Saverio de Bellis", Research Hospital, Castellana Grotte Bari, Italy
| | - Francesca D'Urso
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Psychiatric Unit, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Roberta Stallone
- Department of Basic Medicine, Neurodegenerative Disease Unit, Neuroscience, and Sense Organs, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Massimo Petruzzi
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine (DIM), Section of Dentistry, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Gianluigi Giannelli
- National Institute of Gastroenterology "Saverio de Bellis", Research Hospital, Castellana Grotte Bari, Italy
| | | | - Antonello Bellomo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Psychiatric Unit, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Antonio Greco
- Department of Medical Sciences, Geriatric Unit and Laboratory of Gerontology and Geriatrics, IRCCS "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza", San Giovanni Rotondo, Foggia, Italy
| | - Antonio Daniele
- Institute of Neurology, Catholic University of Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Davide Seripa
- Department of Medical Sciences, Geriatric Unit and Laboratory of Gerontology and Geriatrics, IRCCS "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza", San Giovanni Rotondo, Foggia, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Logroscino
- Department of Basic Medicine, Neurodegenerative Disease Unit, Neuroscience, and Sense Organs, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy.,Department of Clinical Research in Neurology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, "Pia Fondazione Cardinale G. Panico", Tricase, Lecce, Italy
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47
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Korthauer LE, Goveas J, Espeland MA, Shumaker SA, Garcia KR, Tindle H, Salmoirago-Blotcher E, Sink KM, Vaughan L, Rapp SR, Resnick SM, Driscoll I. Negative Affect Is Associated With Higher Risk of Incident Cognitive Impairment in Nondepressed Postmenopausal Women. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2019; 73:506-512. [PMID: 29028908 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glx175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Positive affect (PA) and negative affect (NA) reflect subjective emotional experiences. Although related to depression and anxiety, these dimensions are distinct constructs representing affective states and patterns. Prior studies suggest that elevated depressive symptoms are associated with risk of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and probable dementia, but whether affective states are associated with cognitive impairment is still unknown. The present study examined relationships between baseline affective states and cognitive impairment (MCI, probable dementia) in nondepressed women. Method Baseline PA and NA were assessed in postmenopausal women (N = 2,137; mean age = 73.8 years) from the Women's Health Initiative Study of Cognitive Aging (WHISCA) using the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS). Women were followed annually for an average of 11.3 years; those with elevated depressive symptoms at baseline were excluded. Results Higher NA was associated with a higher risk of MCI and probable dementia, even after adjusting for important covariates including age, education, sociodemographic, lifestyle, and cardiovascular risk factors, global cognition, and hormone therapy assignment at baseline. PA was not significantly associated with either outcome. Conclusions We present the first evidence to date that greater NA, even in the absence of elevated depressive symptoms, is associated with higher risk of MCI and dementia. This suggests that NA may be an important, measureable and potentially modifiable risk factor for age-related cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joseph Goveas
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee
| | - Mark A Espeland
- Department of Biostatistical Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Sally A Shumaker
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Katelyn R Garcia
- Department of Biostatistical Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Hilary Tindle
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Elena Salmoirago-Blotcher
- Department of Medicine, Warren Alpert School of Medicine, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Kaycee M Sink
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Leslie Vaughan
- Department of Social Sciences and Health Policy, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Stephen R Rapp
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Susan M Resnick
- Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Ira Driscoll
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee
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48
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Chen ST, Volle D, Jalil J, Wu P, Small GW. Health-Promoting Strategies for the Aging Brain. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 2019; 27:213-236. [PMID: 30686664 DOI: 10.1016/j.jagp.2018.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Revised: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
As the world's population ages and people live longer, the changes in the aging brain present substantial challenges to our health and society. With greater longevity come age-related diseases, many of which have direct and indirect influences on the health of the brain. Although there is some degree of predictable decline in brain functioning with aging, meaningful cognitive decline is not inevitable and is perhaps preventable. In this review, we present the case that the course of aging-related brain disease and dysfunction can be modified. We present the evidence for conditions and risk factors that may contribute to cognitive decline and dementia and for interventions that may mitigate their impact on cognitive functioning later in life, or even prevent them and their cognitive sequelae from developing. Although much work remains to be done to meet the challenges of the aging brain, strategies to promote its health have been demonstrated and offer much promise, which can only be realized if we mount a vigorous public health effort to implement these strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen T Chen
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles; the University of California, Los Angeles, Longevity Center, Los Angeles; David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles.
| | - Dax Volle
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles; the University of California, Los Angeles, Longevity Center, Los Angeles; David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles
| | - Jason Jalil
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles; the University of California, Los Angeles, Longevity Center, Los Angeles; David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles
| | - Pauline Wu
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles; the University of California, Los Angeles, Longevity Center, Los Angeles; David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles
| | - Gary W Small
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles; the University of California, Los Angeles, Longevity Center, Los Angeles; David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles
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49
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Sathyan S, Wang T, Ayers E, Verghese J. Genetic basis of motoric cognitive risk syndrome in the Health and Retirement Study. Neurology 2019; 92:e1427-e1434. [PMID: 30737336 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000007141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine polygenic inheritance of motoric cognitive risk syndrome (MCR), a predementia syndrome characterized by the presence of subjective cognitive complaints and slow gait. METHODS We analyzed 4,915 individuals, age 65 years and above, with European ancestry (mean age 75.0 ± 6.8 years, 56.6% women) in the Health and Retirement Study. Polygenic scores (PGS) were calculated as weighted sums of the effect of single nucleotide polymorphisms, with effect sizes derived from genome-wide association studies. The association between PGSs of 9 phenotypes (general cognition, body mass index [BMI], mean arterial pressure, education, Alzheimer disease [AD], neuroticism, well-being, waist circumference, and depressive symptoms) and MCR as well as its key components (cognitive complaints and slow gait) were examined by logistic regression, adjusting for age, sex, education, and genetic ancestry, and reported as odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). RESULTS There were 260 prevalent MCR cases, 529 with slow gait, and 1,928 with subjective cognitive complaints. Higher PGSs for BMI (OR 1.22, 95% CI 1.07-1.39) and waist circumference (OR 1.23, 95% CI 1.07-1.40) were associated with MCR, and PGS of AD showed a suggestive association (OR 1.16, 95% CI 1.02-1.32). Higher PGS for neuroticism (OR 1.10, 95% CI 1.03-1.18) was associated with cognitive complaints, whereas higher well-being PGS (OR 0.92, 95% CI 0.87-0.98) was protective. PGS for BMI (OR 1.16, 95% CI 1.06-1.28), waist circumference (OR 1.19, 95% CI 1.08-1.31), and AD (OR 1.13, 95% CI 1.03-1.24) was associated with slow gait. CONCLUSION Obesity-related genetic traits increase risk of MCR syndrome; further investigation is required to identify potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanish Sathyan
- From the Departments of Neurology and Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
| | - Tao Wang
- From the Departments of Neurology and Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
| | - Emmeline Ayers
- From the Departments of Neurology and Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
| | - Joe Verghese
- From the Departments of Neurology and Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY.
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50
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Ishtiak-Ahmed K, Hansen ÅM, Mortensen EL, Garde AH, Nørgaard A, Gyntelberg F, Rod NH, Islamoska S, Lund R, Phung TKT, Prescott E, Waldemar G, Nabe-Nielsen K. Prolonged or serious conflicts at work and incident dementia: a 23-year follow-up of the Copenhagen City Heart Study. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2019; 92:165-173. [PMID: 30370497 PMCID: PMC6341042 DOI: 10.1007/s00420-018-1365-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Only a few studies have investigated the impact of negative aspects of social relations on cognitive function, and they have shown mixed results. Conflicts at work are part of the negative aspects of social relations, but the impact of experiencing conflicts at work has not yet been investigated as a risk factor for dementia. Therefore, we investigated whether experiencing prolonged or serious conflicts with a supervisor or colleagues at work was associated with incident dementia in old age. METHODS We analyzed data of 6,436 men and women from the third survey of the Copenhagen City Heart Study. At baseline in 1991-1994, the participants reported whether they had ever had a prolonged or serious conflict at work. The participants were followed until 2014. We used Poisson regression to estimate incidence rate ratios (IRR) and their 95% confidence intervals (CI). RESULTS After adjusting for potential confounders, the IRR for dementia was 1.53 (95% CI 0.77-3.03) among participants who had reported having prolonged or serious conflicts both with a supervisor and colleagues compared with participants who had never had such conflicts. In separate analyses stratified by sex, the IRRs were 2.14 (95% Cl 0.97-4.71) for men and 0.98 (95% Cl 0.29-3.32) for women. CONCLUSIONS Our findings did not support an overall association between experiencing prolonged or serious conflicts at work and incident dementia. However, because of the large differences in the point estimates for men and women, future research could aim at investigating potential sex differences regarding the association between conflicts at work and dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazi Ishtiak-Ahmed
- Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5, 1014, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Åse Marie Hansen
- Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5, 1014, Copenhagen, Denmark
- The National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Lersø Parkallé 105, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Erik Lykke Mortensen
- Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5, 1014, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Center for Healthy Aging, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anne Helene Garde
- Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5, 1014, Copenhagen, Denmark
- The National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Lersø Parkallé 105, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ane Nørgaard
- Department of Neurology, Danish Dementia Research Centre, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen Section 6911, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Finn Gyntelberg
- The National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Lersø Parkallé 105, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Naja Hulvej Rod
- Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5, 1014, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sabrina Islamoska
- Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5, 1014, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rikke Lund
- Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5, 1014, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Center for Healthy Aging, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thien Kieu Thi Phung
- Center for Healthy Aging, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Eva Prescott
- Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg University Hospital, Bispebjerg Bakke 23, 2400, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Gunhild Waldemar
- Department of Neurology, Danish Dementia Research Centre, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen Section 6911, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kirsten Nabe-Nielsen
- Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5, 1014, Copenhagen, Denmark
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