1
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Eaton M, Probst Y, Foster T, Messore J, Robinson L. A systematic review of observational studies exploring the relationship between health and non-weight-centric eating behaviours. Appetite 2024; 199:107361. [PMID: 38643903 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2024.107361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
Eating behaviour that does not centralise weight, otherwise known as weight-neutral, is associated with improved physical and psychological health, and greater health promoting behaviours. However, consolidated evidence is lacking. This study aimed to systematically evaluate 'health-centric' eating behaviour reflective of weight-neutral approaches, and their relationship with health (physical and mental) and health promoting behaviours. A systematic search was performed, identifying observational studies with adult populations, ≥1 physical/mental health outcome(s), and ≥1 validated measure(s) of health-centric eating behaviour. Study design, sample characteristics and outcomes were extracted and characterised into four domains. Our search identified 8281 records, with 86 studies, 75 unique datasets, and 78 unique exposures including 94,710 individuals. Eating behaviours included intuitive eating (n = 48), mindful eating (n = 19), and eating competence (n = 11). There were 298 outcomes identified for body composition, size, and physical health (n = 116), mental health and wellbeing (n = 123), health promoting behaviours (n = 51) and other eating behaviour (n = 8). Higher levels of intuitive eating, mindful eating and eating competence were significantly related to a lower BMI, better diet quality and greater physical activity. Higher intuitive and mindful eating were significantly related to lower levels of disordered eating, and depressive symptoms, and greater body image, self-compassion, and mindfulness. Greater eating competence and intuitive eating were significantly related to higher fruit and vegetable intake, and greater eating competence to higher fibre intake and better sleep quality. Our results demonstrate that 'health-centric' eating behaviours are related to a range of favourable health outcomes and engagement in health promoting behaviours. These findings help to enhance our understanding of eating behaviours that do not centre around body weight, providing support for health-centric eating behaviour in healthcare. Future research should focus on intervention studies and more diverse population groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Eaton
- School of Medical, Indigenous and Health Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia.
| | - Yasmine Probst
- School of Medical, Indigenous and Health Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
| | - Tiarna Foster
- School of Medical, Indigenous and Health Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
| | - Julia Messore
- School of Psychology, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
| | - Laura Robinson
- School of Psychology, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
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2
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Holding A, Lavigne G, Vermette L, Carbonneau N. Motivation to regulate eating behaviors, intuitive eating, and well-being: A dyadic study with mothers and adult daughters. Appetite 2024; 199:107403. [PMID: 38723670 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2024.107403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
Intuitive eating, defined as relying on physiological cues to determine when, what, and how much to eat while maintaining a positive relationship with food (Tribole & Resch, 1995), has gained a lot of research attention in the last two decades. The present study sought to determine how motivation for regulating eating behaviors is related to intuitive eating and well-being outcomes in dyads of mothers and their adult daughters (n = 214). Structural equation modelling revealed that controlling for dieting and desire to lose weight, both mothers' and daughters' autonomous motivation was positively associated with their own intuitive eating while their controlled motivation was negatively associated with intuitive eating. In turn, intuitive eating was positively associated with well-being in both mothers and daughters. Interestingly, mothers' intuitive eating was also positively related to their daughters' well-being. The analysis of indirect effects suggests that mothers' motivation to regulate eating behaviors has an indirect (mediating) relationship with daughters' well-being through mothers' intuitive eating. The implications for women's health and well-being are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Holding
- Department of Psychology, New York University, 6 Washington Place, New York, NY, 10001, USA.
| | - Geneviève Lavigne
- Department of Psychology, Université Du Québec à Trois-Rivières (UQTR), 3351, boulevard des Forges, Trois-Rivières, Québec, Canada, G9A 5H7.
| | - Laurence Vermette
- Department of Psychology, Université Du Québec à Trois-Rivières (UQTR), 3351, boulevard des Forges, Trois-Rivières, Québec, Canada, G9A 5H7.
| | - Noémie Carbonneau
- Department of Psychology, Université Du Québec à Trois-Rivières (UQTR), 3351, boulevard des Forges, Trois-Rivières, Québec, Canada, G9A 5H7; Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Université Laval, 2440, boulevard Hochelaga, Québec, Québec, Canada, G1V 0A6.
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3
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Martin H, Stenling A, Hargreaves EA. Motivational profiles for eating behavior and their associations with intuitive eating. Appetite 2024; 201:107603. [PMID: 39002565 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2024.107603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2024] [Revised: 06/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/15/2024]
Abstract
Intuitive eating is an adaptive eating approach shown to have positive psychological and physical health outcomes. Understanding the motivation behind eating behavior can provide valuable information for why some women eat intuitively and others do not. Using self-determination theory (SDT), this study aimed to identify motivational profiles for eating behavior and examine differences in intuitive eating across these motivational profiles. A nationally representative sample of New Zealand women (n = 1447) aged 40-50 years (M = 45.4; SD = 3.2) completed questionnaires assessing motivation and intuitive eating. Latent profile analysis identified five profiles characterized by varying levels of the global and specific forms of behavioral regulation described by SDT. The self-determined profile, characterized by high levels of global self-determination, had higher intuitive eating scores. The internalized profile, characterized by high levels of identified and integrated regulation, had average intuitive eating scores. The conflicted profile, characterized by high levels on most forms of behavioral regulation, and the unmotivated profile, characterized low levels on all forms of behavioral regulation, had a mix of high and low intuitive eating subscale scores. The amotivated profile, characterized by very high levels of amotivation, had lower intuitive eating scores. A motivational profile characterized by higher levels of self-determination and lower levels of the extrinsic forms of behavioral regulation appears to be beneficial for intuitive eating. Therefore, SDT-informed eating behavior interventions that enhance women's self-determined motivation should be created to facilitate intuitive eating in midlife women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Martin
- Department of Human Nutrition, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Andreas Stenling
- Department of Psychology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; Department of Sport Science and Physical Education, University of Agder, Kristiansand, Norway
| | - Elaine Anne Hargreaves
- School of Physical Education, Sport, and Exercise Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.
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Baer NR, Grissmer NV, Schenk L, Wortmann HR, Warschburger P, Gisch UA. Practicing Interoceptive Sensitivity as a Couple: A Mixed-Methods Acceptance Analysis of a Dyadic vs. Single Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial. Nutrients 2024; 16:1949. [PMID: 38931304 PMCID: PMC11206497 DOI: 10.3390/nu16121949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Training interoceptive sensitivity (IS) might be a first step in effectively promoting intuitive eating (IE). A dyadic interoception-based pilot randomized controlled trial was conducted to increase IE among couples aged 50+. The training consisted of three exercises, a Body Scan (BS), a hunger exercise (HU), and a satiety (SA) exercise. This study explored how spouses accepted the (dyadic vs. single) training. In a mixed-methods convergence design, the findings of a survey (n = 68 couples) and focus groups (n = 4) were synthesized. Moderate general acceptance (e.g., regarding feasibility and low burden) and a hierarchical gradient in favor of the BS (e.g., pleasantness and improved sleep quality) emerged. Barriers concerned a perceived lack of the exercises' usefulness and a limited understanding of the training purpose. A wish for regular feedback and exchange with the study stuff and other participants was expressed. Spousal training involvement was experienced as being rather beneficial. Previously harmonized dietary practices and daily routines appeared as constructive pre-conditions for the joint training. This study highlights the potential and implications of training couples in IS. Future interventions should involve a regular exchange and closer guidance by study staff to promote a better understanding of the processes and goals of IS and IE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadja-R. Baer
- NutriAct—Competence Cluster Nutrition Research Berlin-Potsdam, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany; (N.V.G.); (L.S.); (H.R.W.); (P.W.); (U.A.G.)
- Institute for Medical Sociology and Rehabilitation Science, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Noemi Vanessa Grissmer
- NutriAct—Competence Cluster Nutrition Research Berlin-Potsdam, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany; (N.V.G.); (L.S.); (H.R.W.); (P.W.); (U.A.G.)
- Institute for Medical Sociology and Rehabilitation Science, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Liane Schenk
- NutriAct—Competence Cluster Nutrition Research Berlin-Potsdam, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany; (N.V.G.); (L.S.); (H.R.W.); (P.W.); (U.A.G.)
- Institute for Medical Sociology and Rehabilitation Science, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Hanna R. Wortmann
- NutriAct—Competence Cluster Nutrition Research Berlin-Potsdam, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany; (N.V.G.); (L.S.); (H.R.W.); (P.W.); (U.A.G.)
- Counseling Psychology, Department of Psychology, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Petra Warschburger
- NutriAct—Competence Cluster Nutrition Research Berlin-Potsdam, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany; (N.V.G.); (L.S.); (H.R.W.); (P.W.); (U.A.G.)
- Counseling Psychology, Department of Psychology, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Ulrike A. Gisch
- NutriAct—Competence Cluster Nutrition Research Berlin-Potsdam, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany; (N.V.G.); (L.S.); (H.R.W.); (P.W.); (U.A.G.)
- Counseling Psychology, Department of Psychology, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
- Department of Nutritional Psychology, Institute of Nutritional Science, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Senckenbergstr. 3, 35390 Giessen, Germany
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Lucherini Angeletti L, Spinelli MC, Cassioli E, Rossi E, Castellini G, Brogioni G, Ricca V, Rotella F. From Restriction to Intuition: Evaluating Intuitive Eating in a Sample of the General Population. Nutrients 2024; 16:1240. [PMID: 38674930 PMCID: PMC11053871 DOI: 10.3390/nu16081240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Intuitive eating (IE) is a non-dieting approach that promotes listening to internal cues of hunger and satiety, rather than adhering to external dietary restrictions aimed at weight loss. However, the role of IE in dieting behaviors related to weight-loss approaches is still unclear. To address this issue, the aim of this study was to compare IE levels between dieting and non-dieting individuals, exploring the relationship between IE and dieting-related psychological and physical factors. A sample of 2059 females was recruited via social media and self-reported questionnaires were administered to measure IE, eating psychopathology, self-efficacy, and quality of life. Individuals with a history of dieting exhibited lower IE levels, a higher BMI, and a greater eating psychopathology, as well as a reduced self-efficacy and quality of life, compared to non-dieters. IE showed a protective effect against dieting behaviors, with higher IE levels being associated with a lower likelihood of dieting. Additionally, higher BMI and eating psychopathology were predictors of dieting. Promoting IE could represent a relevant clinical target strategy to address disordered eating and enhance overall well-being, underscoring the need for interventions that foster a healthier relationship with food and bodily internal sensations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Lucherini Angeletti
- Psychiatry Unit, Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Largo Brambilla, 3, 50134 Florence, Italy; (L.L.A.); (M.C.S.); (E.C.); (G.C.); (V.R.)
- The Royal’s Institute of Mental Health Research, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1Z 7K4, Canada
| | - Maria Chiara Spinelli
- Psychiatry Unit, Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Largo Brambilla, 3, 50134 Florence, Italy; (L.L.A.); (M.C.S.); (E.C.); (G.C.); (V.R.)
| | - Emanuele Cassioli
- Psychiatry Unit, Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Largo Brambilla, 3, 50134 Florence, Italy; (L.L.A.); (M.C.S.); (E.C.); (G.C.); (V.R.)
| | - Eleonora Rossi
- Psychiatry Unit, Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Largo Brambilla, 3, 50134 Florence, Italy; (L.L.A.); (M.C.S.); (E.C.); (G.C.); (V.R.)
| | - Giovanni Castellini
- Psychiatry Unit, Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Largo Brambilla, 3, 50134 Florence, Italy; (L.L.A.); (M.C.S.); (E.C.); (G.C.); (V.R.)
| | - Giulietta Brogioni
- Psychiatry Unit, AOU Careggi Hospital, Largo Brambilla, 3, 50134 Florence, Italy;
| | - Valdo Ricca
- Psychiatry Unit, Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Largo Brambilla, 3, 50134 Florence, Italy; (L.L.A.); (M.C.S.); (E.C.); (G.C.); (V.R.)
| | - Francesco Rotella
- Psychiatry Unit, Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Largo Brambilla, 3, 50134 Florence, Italy; (L.L.A.); (M.C.S.); (E.C.); (G.C.); (V.R.)
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Frederiksen C, Byrne DV, Andersen BV. Sensing the Snacking Experience: Bodily Sensations Linked to the Consumption of Healthy and Unhealthy Snack Foods-A Comparison between Body Mass Index Levels. Foods 2024; 13:438. [PMID: 38338573 PMCID: PMC10855362 DOI: 10.3390/foods13030438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The World Health Organisation (WHO) has highlighted the need for immediate action regarding the escalating global prevalence of overweight and obesity. Based on the need for long-term strategies supporting dietary behaviour changes, the concept of 'interoception' (i.e., sensing the body's internal state) has been proposed as promising for understanding and controlling food intake behaviours. As eating behaviours are motivated by the need for securing energy demands as well as the desire for pleasure, investigating the bodily sensations perceived in relation to food consumption can support our understanding of human food and eating behaviours. Here, a consumer study was conducted on 286 Danish consumers to explore the interoceptive experience of snack food consumption. This study included an investigation of the consumers' interoceptive capabilities and ability to feel pleasure, intuitive eating behaviours, snack food consumption frequency, the drivers of snack food consumption, food-related pleasure, and post-ingestive sensations linked to snack food consumption. The study was conducted on consumers with different Body Mass Index (BMI) levels to study potential differences between these groups. The study showed normal interoceptive capabilities and abilities to feel pleasure, with no differences between BMI groups. Regarding intuitive eating, the study found intuitive eating to be more prevalent among the group holding normal BMI. No significant differences between BMI groups were found in terms of snack intake frequency. However, differences between BMI groups were found in terms of: the drivers of snack consumption, the aspects bringing food-related pleasure from snack consumption, and the post-ingestive sensations felt after eating snack foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chanette Frederiksen
- Food Quality Perception and Society Team, iSense Lab, Department of Food Science, Faculty of Technical Sciences, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark; (C.F.); (D.V.B.)
- Sino-Danish College (SDC), University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China
| | - Derek Victor Byrne
- Food Quality Perception and Society Team, iSense Lab, Department of Food Science, Faculty of Technical Sciences, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark; (C.F.); (D.V.B.)
| | - Barbara Vad Andersen
- Food Quality Perception and Society Team, iSense Lab, Department of Food Science, Faculty of Technical Sciences, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark; (C.F.); (D.V.B.)
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7
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Giacone L, Sob C, Siegrist M, Hartmann C. Intuitive eating and its influence on self-reported weight and eating behaviors. Eat Behav 2024; 52:101844. [PMID: 38280314 DOI: 10.1016/j.eatbeh.2024.101844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/29/2024]
Abstract
Intuitive eating (IE) is an adaptive eating behavior that involves paying attention to the body's physiological signals, including eating when hungry and stopping when feeling full. A growing body of literature has examined the effect of IE on the development of maladaptive eating behaviors and body weight, even though IE is not centered around the latter. However, longitudinal observation studies among the general population are still rare. Therefore, this study aimed to longitudinally examine the links between IE and changes in body weight, maladaptive eating behaviors (reward, external, restrained eating), and overeating frequency over time. For this purpose, we used data from the first (2017) and the fourth waves (2020) of the Swiss Food Panel 2.0 survey, which included 1821 randomly selected Swiss participants. The same participants completed a self-administered questionnaire annually, measuring their self-reported eating behaviors and weight status. IE was measured with the Intuitive Eating Scale-2. Results showed that women with high IE scores were more likely to maintain their body weights (within ±2 kg) and less likely to gain weight (>2 kg) than women with low IE scores. No such effects were found for men. Furthermore, IE was linked to a reduction in maladaptive eating behaviors and overeating frequency over time in both genders. Results suggest that IE may counteract maladaptive eating behaviors, which can promote weight stability over time. Therefore, the encouragement of IE patterns seems to be a promising strategy to address problematic eating behaviors and the challenges associated with controlling food intake and prevention of overeating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luana Giacone
- ETH Zurich, Institute of Food, Nutrition, and Health (IFNH), Consumer Behavior, Universitaetstrasse 22, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Cynthia Sob
- ETH Zurich, Institute of Food, Nutrition, and Health (IFNH), Consumer Behavior, Universitaetstrasse 22, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michael Siegrist
- ETH Zurich, Institute of Food, Nutrition, and Health (IFNH), Consumer Behavior, Universitaetstrasse 22, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Christina Hartmann
- ETH Zurich, Institute of Food, Nutrition, and Health (IFNH), Consumer Behavior, Universitaetstrasse 22, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland
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Schmid J, Linxwiler A, Owen E, Caplan H, Jenkins KR, Bauer KW, Zawistowski M, Weeks HM, Sonneville KR. Weight-inclusive, intuitive eating-based workplace wellness program associated with improvements in intuitive eating, eating disorder symptoms, internalized weight stigma, and diet quality. Eat Behav 2024; 52:101840. [PMID: 38134818 PMCID: PMC11002983 DOI: 10.1016/j.eatbeh.2023.101840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The use of weight-inclusive programming within a workplace wellness context remains understudied. METHODS The present study is a pilot/feasibility study of a 3-month, virtual, weight-inclusive, intuitive eating-based workplace wellness program. Program participants (n = 114), who were all employees at a large public university in the Midwest, received weekly emails with a link to an instructional video related to intuitive eating and were encouraged to meet virtually with their health coach. Participants provided self-report data on behavioral and psychological outcomes including intuitive eating, internalized weight stigma, eating disorder symptoms, and diet quality at baseline, post-intervention (3 months from baseline), and follow-up (6 months from baseline). Changes in behavioral and psychological outcomes from baseline to post-intervention and follow-up were examined using paired t-tests, with Cohen's d effect sizes reported. Generalized linear models were used to examine whether participant characteristics and program engagement were associated with program outcomes. RESULTS Increases in intuitive eating and decreases in internalized weight stigma and eating disorder symptoms were seen from baseline to post-intervention (Cohen's d = 1.02, -0.47, and -0.63, respectively) and follow-up (Cohen's d = 0.86, -0.31, and -0.60). No changes in dietary quality were seen at post-intervention, but a significant reduction in intake of added sugars, fast food, and sugar sweetened beverages were observed at follow-up (Cohen's d = -0.35, -0.23, -0.25). CONCLUSIONS This study provide preliminary support for the acceptability and potential impact of a weight-inclusive workplace wellness program that should be tested in a rigorous randomized trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane Schmid
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, United States of America.
| | - Ashley Linxwiler
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, United States of America.
| | - Erica Owen
- MHealthy, University of Michigan Health and Well-Being Services, United States of America.
| | - Heather Caplan
- Weight Inclusive Nutrition and Dietetics, United States of America.
| | - Kristi Rahrig Jenkins
- MHealthy, University of Michigan Health and Well-Being Services, United States of America.
| | - Katherine W Bauer
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, United States of America.
| | - Matthew Zawistowski
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, United States of America.
| | - Heidi M Weeks
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, United States of America.
| | - Kendrin R Sonneville
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, United States of America.
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Szczepanski JR, Litchfield RE, Beirman EA, Nolting LM, Genschel U. Effects of a Culinary Boot Camp intervention on food/nutrition aptitudes and dietary intake of college students. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2024; 72:55-64. [PMID: 35015961 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2021.2016771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE College is characterized by transition, students shifting from dependence to independence in numerous roles/responsibilities. Deficiencies in food/nutrition aptitudes and dietary intake exist, evidenced by declining physical well-being and poor eating patterns/practices within the population. Studies examining interventions to improve food/nutrition aptitudes and dietary intake among college students are limited. Participants/methods: A nutrition education program, Culinary Boot Camp (CBC), was developed and delivered to college students at a land-grant university. Online surveys assessed food/nutrition aptitudes and dietary intake pre-/post-/follow-up intervention. Results: Of 86 CBC participants, 71 pre-, 46 post-, and 20 follow-up surveys were completed. Several food/nutrition aptitudes improved (p ≤ 0.05), with greatest improvements in cooking skills/attitudes and healthy eating/grocery shopping self-efficacy (p < 0.01). Additionally, dietary intake of various micronutrients (vitamin C, magnesium, potassium) and fiber increased with statistical significance (p < 0.01). Conclusions: Results suggest CBC is an effective nutrition education program to improve food/nutrition aptitudes and dietary intake amomg college students.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ruth E Litchfield
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - Erica A Beirman
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - Lisa M Nolting
- Department of Student Wellness, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - Ulrike Genschel
- Department of Statistics, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
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10
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Kanagasingam D, Hurd L, Norman M. Integrating person-centred care and social justice: a model for practice with larger-bodied patients. MEDICAL HUMANITIES 2023; 49:436-446. [PMID: 36635073 DOI: 10.1136/medhum-2021-012351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Person-centred care (PCC) has been touted as a promising paradigm for improving patients' experiences and outcomes, and the overall therapeutic environment for a range of health conditions, including obesity. While this approach represents an important shift away from a paternalistic and disease-focused paradigm, we argue that PCC must be explicitly informed by a social justice lens to achieve optimal conditions for health and well-being. We suggest that existing studies on PCC for obesity only go so far in achieving social justice goals as they operate within a biomedical model that by default pathologises excess weight and predetermines patients' goals as weight loss and/or management, regardless of patients' embodied experiences and desires. There remains a dearth of empirical research on what social justice-informed PCC looks like in practice with larger patients. This interview study fills a research gap by exploring the perspectives of 1) health practitioners (n=22) who take a critical, social justice-informed approach to weight and 2) larger patients (n=20) served by such practitioners. The research question that informed this paper was: What are the characteristics of social justice-informed PCC that play out in clinical interactions between healthcare practitioners and larger-bodied patients? We identified five themes, namely: 1) Integrating evidence-based practice with compassionate, narrative-based care; 2) Adopting a curious attitude about the patient's world; 3) Centring patients' own wisdom and expertise about their conditions; 4) Working within the constraints of the system to advocate for patients to receive equitable care; 5) Collaborating across professions and with community services to address the multifaceted nature of patient health. The findings illustrate that despite participants' diverse perspectives around weight and health, they shared a commitment to PCC by upholding patient self-determination and addressing weight stigma alongside other systemic factors that affect patient health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deana Kanagasingam
- School of Kinesiology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Laura Hurd
- School of Kinesiology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Moss Norman
- School of Kinesiology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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11
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Pigsborg K, Kalea AZ, De Dominicis S, Magkos F. Behavioral and Psychological Factors Affecting Weight Loss Success. Curr Obes Rep 2023; 12:223-230. [PMID: 37335395 DOI: 10.1007/s13679-023-00511-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW There is a large variability between individuals in the weight loss response to any given diet treatment, which fuels interest into personalized or precision nutrition. Although most efforts are directed toward identifying biological or metabolic factors, several behavioral and psychological factors can also be responsible for some of this interindividual variability. RECENT FINDINGS There are many factors that can influence the response to dietary weight loss interventions, including factors related to eating behavior (emotional eating, disinhibition, restraint, perceived stress), behaviors and societal norms related to age and sex, psychological and personal factors (motivation, self-efficacy, locus of control, self-concept), and major life events. The success of a weight loss intervention can be influenced by many psychological and behavioral constructs and not merely by physiological factors such as biology and genetics. These factors are difficult to capture accurately and are often overlooked. Future weight loss studies should consider assessing such factors to better understand the underlying reasons for the large interindividual variability to weight loss therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Pigsborg
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 26, 1958, Frederiksberg, Denmark.
| | - Anastasia Z Kalea
- Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - Stefano De Dominicis
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 26, 1958, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Faidon Magkos
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 26, 1958, Frederiksberg, Denmark.
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Hayashi LC, Benasi G, St-Onge MP, Aggarwal B. Intuitive and mindful eating to improve physiological health parameters: a short narrative review of intervention studies. JOURNAL OF COMPLEMENTARY & INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE 2023; 20:537-547. [PMID: 34913327 PMCID: PMC10098784 DOI: 10.1515/jcim-2021-0294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This brief narrative review aims to give an up-to-date overview of intuitive and mindful eating (I/ME) interventions with specific focus on cardiometabolic risk factors, including glucose, lipid profile, blood pressure and inflammatory markers. CONTENT I/ME intervention studies in adults which measured at least one physiological parameter other than weight were identified from PubMed. The clinical trial/randomized controlled trial filters and publication dates 2001 through April 2021 with variations of the following keywords were applied: intuitive eating, mindful eating, weight neutral. Ten articles were identified. SUMMARY AND OUTLOOK Of the 10 studies, seven showed I/ME interventions were more effective than control in at least one cardiometabolic outcome, two showed significant I/ME within-group improvements but no between-group differences, and one showed neither within-group nor between-group differences. Specifically, I/ME improved glucose levels among pregnant women with or without gestational diabetes, lipid profile among adults with overweight or obesity, blood pressure among participants with overweight and inflammatory markers among post-menopausal women with obesity. However, the positive impact of I/ME on each of these cardiometabolic parameters was not consistent across studies: of the six studies that examined glucose regulation, two demonstrated positive outcomes for I/ME group, whereas four found no effect compared to control. Three out of five studies had positive lipid effects, one out of five demonstrated systolic blood pressure (SBP) improvements and one of two showed improvements in inflammatory markers. Given these mixed results, more research is needed to understand the possible effectiveness of I/ME to improve cardiometabolic health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren C. Hayashi
- College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA; Institute of Human Nutrition, College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Giada Benasi
- Division of General Medicine, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Marie-Pierre St-Onge
- Institute of Human Nutrition, College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA; Division of General Medicine, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Brooke Aggarwal
- Institute of Human Nutrition, College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center. 51 Audubon Avenue, Suite 505, New York, NY 10032, USA; Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
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13
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Van Dyke N, Murphy M, Drinkwater EJ. What do people think of intuitive eating? A qualitative exploration with rural Australians. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0278979. [PMID: 37590273 PMCID: PMC10434910 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0278979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Evidence supports that intuitive eating is associated with many indicators of positive physical and mental health, with more recent longitudinal studies establishing causality. Most research, however, comprises either survey data or clinical trials. This study attempts to fill this evidentiary gap by using a qualitative methodology to explore people's understandings and reactions to intuitive eating, including perceived barriers and enablers to implementation. Three focus group discussions were conducted in a non-metropolitan region of Victoria, Australia, with a total of 23 participants. Focus group transcripts were thematically analysed using an inductive descriptive approach within a constructionist perspective. Findings indicate that the concept of intuitive eating was either unknown or misunderstood. Once intuitive eating was explained, most responses to implementing intuitive eating were negative. Participants felt that having complete choice around what they ate was unlikely to equate to a healthy or balanced diet, at least in the short term. They also argued that because everyday life was not intuitive in its structures, it would be difficult to eat intuitively. Despite these difficulties, participants appreciated that if they were able to overcome the various barriers and achieve a state of intuitive eating, they anticipated a range of long-term benefits to health and weight management. For intuitive eating to become a viable public health approach, this research suggests that intuitive eating needs to be much more widely publicised and better explained, and perhaps renamed. More significantly, people would need assistance with how to eat intuitively given the barriers identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Van Dyke
- Mitchell Institute, Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Eric J. Drinkwater
- School of Exercise and Sport Science, Charles Sturt University, Bathurst, New South Wales, Australia
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14
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Loor JM, Mullins CR, Smith JE. Examination of ecological validity of intuitive eating. Appetite 2023; 188:106761. [PMID: 37421977 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2023.106761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intuitive eating, which involves following internal cues of hunger and satiety to guide eating choices, would be better understood if studied at the individual momentary level instead of globally or cross-sectionally. The current study employed ecological momentary assessment (EMA) to examine the ecological validity of a popular intuitive eating measure, the Intuitive Eating Scale (IES-2). METHOD College males and females completed a baseline assessment of trait levels of intuitive eating as measured by the IES-2. Participants then followed a seven-day EMA protocol where they completed brief smart phone assessments about intuitive eating and related constructs while in their natural daily environments. Participants were asked to complete recordings before and after eating about their state level of intuitive eating at that moment. RESULTS Among 104 participants, 87.5% were female, mean age was 24.3, and mean BMI was 26.3. Baseline trait level intuitive eating was significantly correlated with state level intuitive eating reported across EMA recordings, with some evidence suggesting that correlations were stronger before eating compared to after eating. Intuitive eating generally was related to less negative affect, fewer eating restrictions, and more anticipated taste enjoyment before eating, as well as less guilt and regret after eating. DISCUSSION Individuals who reported high trait levels of intuitive eating also reported following their internal cues for hunger and satiety and had less guilt, regret, and negative affect surrounding eating in their naturalistic environments, thereby supporting the ecological validity of the IES-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie M Loor
- University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, MSC08-4506, Albuquerque, NM 87131-0001, United States.
| | - Chloe R Mullins
- University of New Mexico, Department of Psychology, MSC03-2220, Albuquerque, NM 87131-0001, United States.
| | - Jane Ellen Smith
- University of New Mexico, Department of Psychology, MSC03-2220, Albuquerque, NM 87131-0001, United States.
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15
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Shepherd CB, Boswell RG, Genet J, Oliver-Pyatt W, Stockert C, Brumm R, Riebl S, Crowe E. Outcomes for binge eating disorder in a remote weight-inclusive treatment program: a case report. J Eat Disord 2023; 11:80. [PMID: 37218018 DOI: 10.1186/s40337-023-00804-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are no known published reports on outcomes for medically and psychiatrically compromised patients with binge eating disorder (BED) treated remotely in higher level of care settings. This case report presents outcomes of an intentionally remote weight-inclusive partial hospitalization and intensive outpatient program based on Health at Every Size® and intuitive eating principles. CASE PRESENTATION The patient presented with an extensive trauma background and long history of disturbed eating and body image. She was diagnosed with BED along with several comorbidities, most notably major depressive disorder with suicidality and non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. She completed a total of 186 days in the comprehensive, multidisciplinary treatment program encompassing individual and group therapy, as well as other supportive services such as meal support and in vivo exposure sessions. Upon discharge, her BED was in remission, her major depressive disorder was in partial remission, and she no longer exhibited signs of suicidality. Overall, she showed decreases in eating disorder, depressive, and anxiety symptoms as well as increases in quality of life and intuitive eating throughout treatment, which were largely maintained after one year. CONCLUSIONS This case highlights the potential of remote treatment as an option for individuals with BED, especially in cases where access to higher levels of care might be limited. These findings exemplify how a weight-inclusive approach can be effectively applied when working with this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin B Shepherd
- Within Health, Coconut Grove, FL, USA.
- Department of Psychology, Smith College, Northampton, MA, USA.
| | - Rebecca G Boswell
- Princeton Center for Eating Disorders, Penn Medicine, Plainsboro, NJ, USA
- Department of Psychology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
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16
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Loor JM, Mullins CR, Pacheco C, VanderJagt H, Smith JE. A qualitative exploration of perceived barriers and facilitators to following an intuitive eating style. Eat Behav 2023; 49:101744. [PMID: 37178460 DOI: 10.1016/j.eatbeh.2023.101744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intuitive eating involves following internal cues of hunger and satiety to guide eating choices as opposed to responding to external signals, strong emotions, or dietary rules. This style of eating has consistently been shown to be related to better physical and psychological health indicators, and more interventions are being designed and studied to promote this eating style. The current study aimed to identify anticipated facilitators and barriers to following this style of eating among a group of college students enrolled in a larger study of intuitive eating. METHOD Following a week of tracking their current eating as part of a larger study, college students read a description of intuitive eating. They then answered three open-ended questions about following intuitive eating including facilitators, barriers, and perceived ability to follow long term. Responses were coded using thematic analysis to identify themes across responses. RESULTS Among 100 participants, 86 % were female, 46 % were Hispanic (41 % non-Hispanic White, 13 % other race/ethnicity), mean age was 24.3 years, and mean body mass index was 26.2. The most commonly anticipated participant-reported facilitators of intuitive eating were being in touch with the body's needs and hunger cues, positive perceptions of intuitive eating, and health considerations. The most commonly anticipated barriers were logistical constraints (e.g., busyness and mealtimes), difficulty with hunger cues and reactions to food, and negative perceptions of intuitive eating. The majority of participants (64 %) would consider following this style of eating long term. DISCUSSION This study provides information that can be used to improve efforts aimed at promoting intuitive eating to college students, including marketing intuitive eating interventions, and clarifying misunderstandings of its key tenets that might serve as barriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie M Loor
- University of New Mexico Health Science Center, Albuquerque, NM, United States.
| | - Chloe R Mullins
- Department of Psychology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Catalina Pacheco
- Department of Psychology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Hayley VanderJagt
- Department of Psychology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Jane Ellen Smith
- Department of Psychology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States
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17
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Eaton MC, Probst YC, Smith MA. Characterizing the Discourse of Popular Diets to Describe Information Dispersal and Identify Leading Voices, Interaction, and Themes of Mental Health: Social Network Analysis. JMIR INFODEMIOLOGY 2023; 3:e38245. [PMID: 37159259 DOI: 10.2196/38245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Social media has transformed the way health messages are communicated. This has created new challenges and ethical considerations while providing a platform to share nutrition information for communities to connect and for information to spread. However, research exploring the web-based diet communities of popular diets is limited. OBJECTIVE This study aims to characterize the web-based discourse of popular diets, describe information dissemination, identify influential voices, and explore interactions between community networks and themes of mental health. METHODS This exploratory study used Twitter social media posts for an online social network analysis. Popular diet keywords were systematically developed, and data were collected and analyzed using the NodeXL metrics tool (Social Media Research Foundation) to determine the key network metrics (vertices, edges, cluster algorithms, graph visualization, centrality measures, text analysis, and time-series analytics). RESULTS The vegan and ketogenic diets had the largest networks, whereas the zone diet had the smallest network. In total, 31.2% (54/173) of the top users endorsed the corresponding diet, and 11% (19/173) claimed a health or science education, which included 1.2% (2/173) of dietitians. Complete fragmentation and hub and spoke messaging were the dominant network structures. In total, 69% (11/16) of the networks interacted, where the ketogenic diet was mentioned most, with depression and anxiety and eating disorder words most prominent in the "zone diet" network and the least prominent in the "soy-free," "vegan," "dairy-free," and "gluten-free" diet networks. CONCLUSIONS Social media activity reflects diet trends and provides a platform for nutrition information to spread through resharing. A longitudinal exploration of popular diet networks is needed to further understand the impact social media can have on dietary choices. Social media training is vital, and nutrition professionals must work together as a community to actively reshare evidence-based posts on the web.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa C Eaton
- School of Medical, Indigenous and Health Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
| | - Yasmine C Probst
- School of Medical, Indigenous and Health Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
| | - Marc A Smith
- Social Media Research Foundation, Redwood City, CA, United States
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18
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Williot A, Blackburn MÈ, Auclair J, Brault MC, Carbonneau N, Dion J. A structural equation model of intuitive eating with adolescents. EUROPEAN REVIEW OF APPLIED PSYCHOLOGY 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.erap.2022.100816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
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Mensinger JL, Shepherd BF, Schapiro S, Aware Y, Brochu PM, Calogero RM, Tylka TL. Mediating effects of a weight-inclusive health promotion program on maladaptive eating in women with high body mass index. Eat Behav 2023; 49:101730. [PMID: 37121132 DOI: 10.1016/j.eatbeh.2023.101730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Research shows that individuals with a body mass index (BMI) over 30 have experienced an 11-fold increase in restrictive eating and a 7-fold increase in binge eating since the 1990s. Most health promotion programs for higher-weight individuals have not been developed with the high eating disorder risk for this population in mind. The purpose of current study was to test two hypothesized mechanisms underlying improvement in maladaptive eating patterns shown in a weight-inclusive health promotion program designed for women with BMIs at or above 30. Participants (N = 40) were primarily White (93 %), 30-45 years old (M = 39.83, SD = 4.34) with BMIs ranging from 30 to 45 kg/m2 (M = 37.42, SD = 3.58). Using the MEMORE macro, we tested a parallel mediation model hypothesizing that internalized weight stigma and intuitive eating would explain improvements on two subscales from the Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire-R18 after a 6-month program. Total effects of the program on uncontrolled (b = -3.76, SE = 0.64, p < .0001) and emotional eating (b = -1.79, SE = 0.34, p < .0001) were significant. The indirect effects (IE) of internalized weight stigma on uncontrolled eating (IE = 1.59, SE = 0.79, 95 % CI = 0.46, 3.49) and emotional eating (IE = 0.67, SE = 0.40, 95 % CI = 0.11, 1.68) were also significant. Likewise, the IEs of intuitive eating on uncontrolled eating (IE = 2.09, SE = 0.70, 95 % CI = 0.60, 3.38) and emotional eating (IE = 1.03, SE = 0.43, 95 % CI = 0.08, 1.82) were significant. These findings indicate that weight-inclusive health promotion programs that directly address weight bias and eating according to cues from the body may help higher-weight individuals improve maladaptive eating patterns via reductions in internalized weight stigma and increases in intuitive eating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janell L Mensinger
- Department of Clinical and School Psychology, Nova Southeastern University, 3301 College Ave, 1073 Maltz, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33314, United States of America.
| | - Benjamin F Shepherd
- Department of Clinical and School Psychology, Nova Southeastern University, 3301 College Ave, 1073 Maltz, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33314, United States of America.
| | - Stevie Schapiro
- Department of Clinical and School Psychology, Nova Southeastern University, 3301 College Ave, 1073 Maltz, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33314, United States of America.
| | - Yashvi Aware
- Department of Clinical and School Psychology, Nova Southeastern University, 3301 College Ave, 1073 Maltz, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33314, United States of America.
| | - Paula M Brochu
- Department of Clinical and School Psychology, Nova Southeastern University, 3301 College Ave, 1073 Maltz, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33314, United States of America.
| | - Rachel M Calogero
- Department of Psychology, Western University, Westminster Hall, Office 321, London, ON N6K 5C2, Canada.
| | - Tracy L Tylka
- Department of Psychology, The Ohio State University, 170F Morrill Hall, 1465 Mt. Vernon Avenue, Marion, OH 43302, United States of America.
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20
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Fekih-Romdhane F, Jiang C, Obeid S, Malaeb D, Chammas N, Fawaz M, Soufia M, Meng R, Hallit S. Psychometric properties of the Arabic version of the Intuitive Eating Scale-2 (IES-2) in a sample of community adults. J Eat Disord 2023; 11:53. [PMID: 37005688 PMCID: PMC10067204 DOI: 10.1186/s40337-023-00782-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a growing attention on intuitive eating (IE) styles in the Western world that has not yet reached Arab countries, which is likely due to the lack of psychometrically sound measures of the IE construct for Arabic-speaking people. The current study aims to examine the psychometric properties of an Arabic translation of the most widely used measure of IE-the Intuitive Eating Scale-2 (IES-2), in an Arabic-speaking community population from Lebanon. METHODS Two samples of Arabic-speaking community adults from Lebanon (sample 1: n = 359, 59.9% females, age 22.75 ± 7.04 years; sample 2: n = 444, 72.7% females, age 27.25 ± 9.53 years) were recruited through online convenience sampling. The translation and back-translation method was applied to the IES-2 for linguistic validation. Factorial validity was investigated using an Exploratory Factor Analysis & Confirmatory Factor Analysis strategy. Composite reliability and sex invariance were examined. We also tested convergent and criterion-related validity through correlations with other theoretically plausible constructs. RESULTS Nine out of the original 23 items were removed because they either loaded below 0.40 and/or cross-loaded too highly on multiple factors. This resulted in four domains (Unconditional Permission to Eat, Eating for Physical Rather than Emotional Reasons, Reliance on Hunger and Satiety Cues, and Body-Food Choice Congruence) and 14 items retained. Internal reliability estimates were excellent, with McDonald's ω values ranging from 0.828 to 0.923 for the four factors. Multigroup analysis established configural, thresholds, metric, scalar, strict invariance across gender. Finally, higher IES-2 total scores were significantly correlated with lower body dissatisfaction scores and more positive eating attitudes, thus attesting to convergent and criterion-related validity of the scale. CONCLUSIONS The current findings provide preliminary evidence for the appropriate psychometric qualities of the Arabic 14-item, four-factor structure IES-2; thereby supporting its use at least among Arabic-speaking community adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feten Fekih-Romdhane
- The Tunisian Center of Early Intervention in Psychosis, Department of Psychiatry “Ibn Omrane”, Razi Hospital, 2010 Manouba, Tunisia
- Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, Tunis El Manar University, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Chen Jiang
- School of Public Health, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121 People’s Republic of China
| | - Sahar Obeid
- Social and Education Sciences Department, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese American University, Jbeil, Lebanon
| | - Diana Malaeb
- College of Pharmacy, Gulf Medical University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
- School of Pharmacy, Lebanese International University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Nancy Chammas
- School of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik, P.O. Box 446, Jounieh, Lebanon
| | - Mirna Fawaz
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Beirut Arab University, Tareek Al Jadida, Afeef Al Tiba, Beirut, 1105 Lebanon
| | - Michel Soufia
- School of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik, P.O. Box 446, Jounieh, Lebanon
| | - Runtang Meng
- School of Public Health, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121 People’s Republic of China
- Engineering Research Center of Mobile Health Management System, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, 311121 People’s Republic of China
| | - Souheil Hallit
- School of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik, P.O. Box 446, Jounieh, Lebanon
- Psychology Department, College of Humanities, Effat University, Jeddah 21478, Saudi Arabia
- Research Department, Psychiatric Hospital of the Cross, Jal Eddib, Lebanon
- Applied Science Research Center, Applied Science Private University, Amman, Jordan
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Pereira RA, Alvarenga MDS, de Andrade LS, Teixeira RR, Teixeira PC, da Silva WR, Cuppari L. Effect of a Nutritional Behavioral Intervention on Intuitive Eating in Overweight Women With Chronic Kidney Disease. J Ren Nutr 2023; 33:289-297. [PMID: 35122994 DOI: 10.1053/j.jrn.2022.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to evaluate the impact of a nutritional behavioral intervention on intuitive eating (IE) scores of overweight non-dialysis-dependent women with chronic kidney disease and to investigate the relationship of IE scores with demographic, nutritional, and quality of life parameters in this group. DESIGN AND METHODS This is a prospective noncontrolled clinical trial of a behavioral multisession group intervention for dietary management. Each group comprised five to eight participants in 14 weekly or biweekly sessions lasting about 90 minutes each. The IE principles were discussed during the meetings. The IE scale 2, translated and adapted to the study population, with a four-factor model was applied to assess IE attitudes. The 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey questionnaire was applied to assess health-related quality of life. RESULTS Of the 33 patients who began participation in the study, 23 patients (median [interquartile range]: age = 62.0 years [58.0-68.0]; 52.2% with diabetes; body mass index = 32.6 kg/m2 [30.2-39.3]; estimated glomerular filtration rate = 28.0 mL/min/1.73 m2 [22.0-31.0]) completed the intervention. Except for the IE subscale Body-Food Choice Congruence, the IE total score and all its subscales (Unconditional Permission to Eat, Eating for Physical Rather than Emotional Reasons, Reliance on Hunger and Satiety Cues, and Body-Food Choice Congruence) improved after the intervention. In a cross-sectional analysis, more intuitive eaters were older and had better scores for health-related quality of life. CONCLUSIONS The nutritional behavioral intervention embracing IE principles was effective to improve IE attitudes for this group of chronic kidney disease patients. These results are promising and may contribute to a paradigm change in the strategies to enhance motivation and adherence to dietary recommendations in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marle Dos Santos Alvarenga
- Post Graduation Program in Public Health Nutrition, Public Health School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Paula Costa Teixeira
- Eating Disorders Program, Psychiatry Institute, Clinical Hospital of Medicine School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Wanderson Roberto da Silva
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University, Araraquara-SP, Brazil
| | - Lilian Cuppari
- Nutrition Program, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Division of Nephrology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
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22
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Muzy RC, Ganen ADP, Alvarenga MDS. Cross-cultural adaptation of the Eating Beliefs Questionnaire into Brazilian Portuguese. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE EPIDEMIOLOGIA 2023; 26:e230011. [PMID: 36820748 PMCID: PMC9949486 DOI: 10.1590/1980-549720230011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was the cross-cultural adaptation of the Eating Belief Questionnaire (EBQ)-an instrument that assesses positive, negative, and permissive eating beliefs in relation to binge eating episodes-in its shorted version of 18 questions, into Brazilian Portuguese, for female teenagers. METHODS Conceptual, semantic, cultural and operational equivalence of the items were evaluated. The semantic and cultural equivalence involved 12 bilingual people and 12 experts in eating behavior. Operational equivalence consisted of applying the transcultural adapted version of the EBQ-18 to 20 girls with a mean age of 17.55 (SD=1.00) years. Item's clarity and understanding were assessed by the Content Validity Coefficient. RESULTS Questions 5, 6, 11, 14, 15, 16, 17 and 18, with adequate classification percentage for all equivalences, were not altered. The other items were adapted according to the committee's suggestions and by consensus among researchers. The adapted version of the EBQ-18 in Brazilian Portuguese displayed good content validity coefficient for clarity (CVC=0.975) and comprehension (CVC=0.971); except for item 3, all items had values between 0.88 and 1.00. CONCLUSION The Brazilian Portuguese version of the EBQ-18 had a good understanding by the adolescent public when it comes to investigate the role of dietary beliefs in the maintenance of binge eating episodes. Future studies with adolescents are recommended, jointly assessing risk for and presence of eating disorders in significant clinical and non-clinical samples, as well as its psychometrics properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Carbonari Muzy
- Centro Universitário São Camilo, Master's Program in Professional Nutrition – São Paulo (SP), Brazil
| | - Aline de Piano Ganen
- Centro Universitário São Camilo, Master's Program in Professional Nutrition – São Paulo (SP), Brazil.,Centro Universitário São Camilo – São Paulo (SP), Brazil.,Universidade Federal de São Paulo – São Paulo (SP), Brazil
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23
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Vorlet J, Carrard I. Barriers and facilitators of intuitive eating in postmenopausal women: A qualitative study. Health Psychol Open 2023; 10:20551029231157515. [PMID: 36814441 PMCID: PMC9940212 DOI: 10.1177/20551029231157515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2023] Open
Abstract
This qualitative descriptive research explored barriers and facilitators of the intuitive eating (IE) implementation process, as experienced by six postmenopausal women classified as 'overweight' or 'obese'. The data was analysed using deductive and inductive thematic analysis and six themes were identified. IE implementation included developing scepticism about weight loss diets, dealing with hunger and satiety cues, making nutritious food choices for one's body, struggling with emotional eating, learning to accept one's body and challenging weight stigma and sociocultural norms of beauty and thinness. IE allowed women to develop a more peaceful relationship with their diet, and was accepted as a welcome alternative to dieting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeanne Vorlet
- Metabolic Center, Intercantonal Hopital De La Broye Site Payerne, Switzerland,Jeanne Vorlet, Metabolic Center, Hopital Intercantonal De La Broye, Payerne/Estavayer-le-Lac, Addiction Suisse, Avenue Louis-Ruchonnet 141003, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Isabelle Carrard
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, HES-SO Genève, Switzerland
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Abbott S, Shuttlewood E, Flint S, Chesworth P, Parretti H. "Is it time to throw out the weighing scales?" Implicit weight bias among healthcare professionals working in bariatric surgery services and their attitude towards non-weight focused approaches. EClinicalMedicine 2023; 55:101770. [PMID: 36568685 PMCID: PMC9772809 DOI: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2022.101770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND People living with overweight or obesity (PLwO) can be stigmatised by healthcare professionals (HCPs). Reducing focus on weight is a proposed strategy to provide less threatening healthcare experiences. Given the lack of research on weight bias within obesity services, this study aimed to explore implicit bias among obesity specialist HCPs and explore views on non-weight focused approaches. METHODS Obesity specialist HCPs were invited to a webinar, "An exploration of non-weight focused approaches within bariatric services", held in October 2021. Implicit weight bias was examined using the BiasProof mobile device test, based on the Implicit Association Test. Poll data was analysed descriptively, and qualitative data was analysed using framework analysis. FINDINGS 82 of the 113 HCPs who attended the webinar consented to contribute data to the study. Over half (51%) had an implicit weight bias against PLwO. Most (90%) agreed/strongly agreed that obesity services are too weight focused and that patients should not be weighed at every appointment (86%). Perceived benefits of taking a non-weight focused approach included patient-led care, reducing stigma and supporting patient wellbeing, while perceived barriers included loss of objectivity, inducing risk and difficulty demonstrating effectiveness. INTERPRETATION Our findings indicate that half of obesity specialists HCPs in our sample of 82 providers, who are primarily dieticians and psychologists, have an implicit weight bias against PLwO. HCPs feel that a weight-focused approach within services was a barrier to patient care, but that there is a lack of alternative non-weight focused measures. Further research is needed into substitute outcome measures for clinical practice, also seeking the views of PLwO, and into interventions to address implicit weight bias. FUNDING Johnson & Johnson funded the BiasProof licence and publication open access charge.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Abbott
- Department of Bariatric Surgery, University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, Clifford Bridge Road, Coventry CV2 2DX, UK
- Research Centre for Intelligent Healthcare, Coventry University, Richard Crossman Building, Coventry CV1 5RW, UK
- Corresponding author. Research Centre for Intelligent Healthcare, Coventry University, Richard Crossman Building, Coventry CV1 5RW, UK.
| | - E. Shuttlewood
- Department of Bariatric Surgery, University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, Clifford Bridge Road, Coventry CV2 2DX, UK
| | - S.W. Flint
- School of Psychology, University of Leeds, Leeds, West Yorkshire, UK
- Scaled Insights, Nexus, University of Leeds, Leeds, West Yorkshire, UK
| | - P. Chesworth
- Patient Advocate, National Bariatric Surgery Register, UK
| | - H.M. Parretti
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, Norfolk NR4 7TJ, UK
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25
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Carter A, Gilbert P, Kirby JN. A systematic review of compassion-based interventions for individuals struggling with body weight shame. Psychol Health 2023; 38:94-124. [PMID: 34694950 DOI: 10.1080/08870446.2021.1955118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This systematic review investigated compassion-based interventions and the extent to which they can assist with addressing body weight shame. DESIGN The systematic review was pre-registered and conducted according to PRISMA guidelines. Seven electronic databases (PsycNET, Pubmed, Web of science, CINAHL, Scopus, ProQuest, Social Science Database) were searched. The methodological quality of studies was also assessed. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Main outcomes were body weight shame, and compassion. Secondary outcomes assessed were mental health, eating attitudes and behaviours, physical exercise and Body Mass Index and weight. RESULTS 25 studies (23 papers) met inclusion criteria and results indicated promise for compassion-based interventions for body weight shame, compassion, and health related behaviour. Mixed results were found for BMI and weight. The studies varied considerably in terms of populations targeted, the duration of interventions, and intervention delivery.Conclusion: Overall, compassion-based interventions were found to reduce body weight shame and improve levels of compassion. However, the impact of compassion-based interventions on BMI and weight is less promising. Recommendations for future research are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia Carter
- Compassionate Mind Research Group, School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia
| | - Paul Gilbert
- Compassionate Mind Research Group, School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia.,Psychology, Derby University, Derby, UK
| | - James N Kirby
- Compassionate Mind Research Group, School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia
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26
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Muzy RC, Ganen ADP, Alvarenga MDS. Adaptação transcultural do Eating Beliefs Questionnaire para português do Brasil. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE EPIDEMIOLOGIA 2023. [DOI: 10.1590/1980-549720230011.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
RESUMO Objetivo: Conduzir adaptação transcultural, para o português brasileiro, da versão reduzida de 18 questões do Eating Belief Questionnaire (EBQ) ao público de meninas adolescentes. O instrumento avalia crenças positivas, negativas e permissivas do comer com relação a episódios de compulsão. Métodos: Realizou-se avaliação das equivalências conceitual, semântica, cultural e operacional dos itens. A equivalência semântica e cultural envolveu 12 bilíngues e 12 especialistas em comportamento alimentar. A equivalência operacional consistiu na aplicação da versão transcultural adaptada do EBQ-18 em 20 meninas, com média de idade de 17,55 anos (DP=1,00). O grau de clareza e compreensão das questões foi avaliado pelo coeficiente de validade de conteúdo. Resultados: Na avaliação semântica e cultural, 8 itens tiveram classificação adequada para todas as equivalências e não sofreram alterações; 10 itens foram alterados de forma mínima, conforme sugestões dos especialistas e mediante consenso entre pesquisadoras; e apenas o item 3 sofreu adaptação após resultados da equivalência operacional. O modelo adaptado para o português apresentou bom coeficiente de validade de conteúdo para clareza (CVC=0,975) e compreensão (CVC=0,971); com exceção do item 3, todos os itens foram avaliados com valores entre 0,88 e 1,00. Conclusão: A versão em português do EBQ-18 apresentou-se com boa compreensão do público adolescente para investigação do papel de crenças alimentares na manutenção de episódios de compulsão. Recomendam-se trabalhos futuros avaliando conjuntamente risco e presença de transtornos alimentares em amostras significativas clínicas e não clínicas, bem como suas propriedades psicométricas.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aline de Piano Ganen
- Centro Universitário São Camilo, Brazil; Centro Universitário São Camilo, Brazil; Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Brazil
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27
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Babbott KM, Cavadino A, Brenton-Peters J, Consedine NS, Roberts M. Outcomes of intuitive eating interventions: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eat Disord 2023; 31:33-63. [PMID: 35400300 DOI: 10.1080/10640266.2022.2030124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Intuitive eating (IE) is an approach to health promotion that fosters a positive relationship with food and the body. The objective of this review was to aggregate and analyse the literature on IE interventions, thereby offering an early investigation of methodological approaches to intervention. This review was conducted in accordance with the preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analysis protocols (PRISMA) guidelines. Searching was conducted in four electronic databases. Studies were eligible for inclusion if they delivered an IE intervention and used the Intuitive Eating Scale (IES). Nine studies were included in this review. Six were eligible for meta-analysis, though only outcomes on the IES were examined; all other measures were examined individually. All interventions led to improvements on measures of IE, with a large pooled effect size (1.50 [1.15, 1.85]) and positive changes on a variety of other outcomes relating to health. This pattern preliminarily suggests that IE interventions change psychological processes as intended and can be useful in promoting health behaviour. The present review offers a synthesis of existing approaches to IE interventions and an evaluation of which specific variants appear to be more effective. This paper provides a basis upon which future interventions can be developed to improve approaches to psychoeducation.Clinical ImplicationsInterventions contributed to improvements in measures of IE lasting up to 6 months.Interventions contributed to positive changes on outcomes such as quality of life, body image, and body appreciation.Self-management through IE-based interventions may be feasible and effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie M Babbott
- Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Alana Cavadino
- Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | | | - Nathan S Consedine
- Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Marion Roberts
- Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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28
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Bennett BL, Latner JD. Mindful eating, intuitive eating, and the loss of control over eating. Eat Behav 2022; 47:101680. [PMID: 36334338 DOI: 10.1016/j.eatbeh.2022.101680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Revised: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The loss of control over eating (LOCE) is frequently cited as a core process of eating disturbances. In contrast, mindful eating and intuitive eating have been identified as adaptive styles of eating and have been associated with positive psychological constructs. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate whether mindful or intuitive eating are potential protective factors for the loss of control over eating. METHODS 1155 participants (64.2 % female) were recruited from a large university. Participants were administered select subscales of the Intuitive Eating Scale - 2nd edition (IES-2) and Mindful Eating Questionnaire (MEQ), and the brief Loss of Control over Eating Scale (LOCES-B). RESULTS Controlling for BMI and age, intuitive and mindful eating were significantly associated with LOCE, F (8,966) = 114.78, p < .001, R2 = 0.49. Both IES-2 subscales were negatively associated with LOCE: 1) eating for physical rather than emotional reasons and 2) reliance on hunger and satiety cues, p < .001. One MEQ subscale was negatively associated with LOCE: disinhibition, p < .001. The MEQ subscales assessing awareness and external cues were not significantly associated with LOCE. CONCLUSIONS Results suggest that while some forms of mindful eating and intuitive eating are potential protective factors, others may be less relevant to LOCE. These findings have implications for treatment, as they suggest intuitive eating may counteract the loss of control over eating. The findings also provide evidence for convergent validity of the LOCES by clarifying positive constructs that may protect against the development of this core eating pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brooke L Bennett
- Rudd Center for Food Policy and Health, University of Connecticut, 1 Constitution Plaza, Suite 600, Hartford, CT 06103, USA; Department of Psychology, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, 2530 Dole Street, Sakamaki C400, Honolulu, HI 96822-2294, USA.
| | - Janet D Latner
- Department of Psychology, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, 2530 Dole Street, Sakamaki C400, Honolulu, HI 96822-2294, USA.
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29
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Talumaa B, Brown A, Batterham RL, Kalea AZ. Effective strategies in ending weight stigma in healthcare. Obes Rev 2022; 23:e13494. [PMID: 35934011 PMCID: PMC9540781 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Weight stigma impacts negatively healthcare quality and hinders public health goals. The aim of this review was to identify strategies for minimizing weight bias among healthcare professionals and explore future research directions. An electronic search was performed in PubMed, PsycINFO and Scopus (until June 2020). Studies on weight stigma reduction in healthcare students, trainees and professionals were assessed based on specific inclusion and exclusion criteria. A narrative synthesis was undertaken to analyze emerging themes. We identified five stigma reduction strategies in healthcare: (i) increased education, (ii) causal information and controllability, (iii) empathy evoking, (iv) weight-inclusive approach, and (v) mixed methodology. Weight stigma needs to be addressed early on and continuously throughout healthcare education and practice, by teaching the genetic and socioenvironmental determinants of weight, and explicitly discussing the sources, impact and implications of stigma. There is a need to move away from a solely weight-centric approach to healthcare to a health-focused weight-inclusive one. Assessing the effects of weight stigma in epidemiological research is equally important. The ethical argument and evidence base for the need to reduce weight stigma in healthcare and beyond is strong. Although evidence on long-term stigma reduction is emerging, precautionary action is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Britta Talumaa
- Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK
| | - Adrian Brown
- Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK.,Centre for Obesity Research, University College London, London, UK.,Bariatric Centre for Weight Management and Metabolic Surgery, University College London Hospital NHS Trust, London, UK.,UCLH Biomedical Research Centre, National Institute of Health Research, London, UK
| | - Rachel L Batterham
- Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK.,Centre for Obesity Research, University College London, London, UK.,Bariatric Centre for Weight Management and Metabolic Surgery, University College London Hospital NHS Trust, London, UK.,UCLH Biomedical Research Centre, National Institute of Health Research, London, UK
| | - Anastasia Z Kalea
- Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK.,Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK
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30
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Peitz D, Warschburger P. Taking a closer look at mindful eating: incremental validity and importance of subfacets. Eat Weight Disord 2022; 27:2507-2514. [PMID: 35301692 PMCID: PMC9556346 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-022-01383-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Mindful eating (ME) seems a promising approach to clarify the underlying mechanisms of mindfulness-based interventions for eating and weight-related issues. The current study aimed to investigate the incremental validity of this eating-specific approach beyond a generic conception of mindfulness and explore preliminary indication which subfacets of the multidimensional construct ME might be of particular importance in order to study them more precisely and tailor mindfulness-based interventions for eating and weight-related issues more properly. METHODS Self-report data (N = 292) were collected online. Hierarchical regression analyses were used to explore the incremental validity of ME beyond generic mindfulness, predicting maladaptive eating (emotional and uncontrolled eating) and consumption of energy-dense food. Multiple regressions were used to examine the impact of the seven different ME subfacets on the very same outcomes. RESULTS Findings demonstrated the incremental validity of ME on all outcomes. Generic mindfulness no longer predicted emotional eating, uncontrolled eating, or the consumption of energy-dense food when entering ME. The subfacet 'non-reactive stance' predicted all three outcomes significantly. For emotional and uncontrolled eating, the subfacets 'accepting and non-attached attitude toward one's own eating experience', 'eating in response to awareness of fullness', and the 'awareness of eating triggers and motives' additionally showed a significant influence. CONCLUSION ME seems a valuable approach in clarifying how mindfulness might impact eating and weight-related issues. Beyond that, it might be beneficial for upcoming interventions to strengthen specific ME subfacets, depending on the focused outcomes. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level V, descriptive cross-sectional study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Peitz
- Counseling Psychology, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany.
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31
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Katcher JA, Suminski RR, Pacanowski CR. Impact of an Intuitive Eating Intervention on Disordered Eating Risk Factors in Female-Identifying Undergraduates: A Randomized Waitlist-Controlled Trial. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:12049. [PMID: 36231362 PMCID: PMC9566585 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191912049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Dietary restraint and low body appreciation are common among female-identifying undergraduates and are related to the development of disordered eating, which female-identifying undergraduates engage in throughout college. Training students in intuitive eating, an approach that promotes eating by internal cues, may be a way to ameliorate dietary restraint and low body appreciation, ultimately decreasing disordered eating. The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of a five-week intuitive eating intervention on dietary restraint, body appreciation, and intuitive eating in female-identifying undergraduates. A five-week intuitive eating intervention (NCT0394700) was facilitated by two Registered Dietitians. One treatment group (TG) (n = 7) and one waitlist control group (WLCG) (n = 7) participated in the trial. From baseline to post-intervention, there was a significant decrease in dietary restraint, t(12) = -2.88, p = 0.01, and a significant increase in intuitive eating, t(12) = 4.03, p = 0.002, in the TG compared to the WLCG. The intervention had replicable effects on all outcome variables. Measurements at the five-week follow-up suggested the impact was sustained. This study provides preliminary data suggesting an intuitive eating intervention may help improve disordered eating risk factors by decreasing dietary restraint and increasing intuitive eating in female-identifying undergraduates.
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KOÇAK Ö, YILDIRIM Y, ŞARER YÜREKLİ B. The relationship between intuitive eating and eating attitude and glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. EGE TIP DERGISI 2022. [DOI: 10.19161/etd.1167421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Amaç: Bu çalışma, Tip 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) hastalarında sezgisel yemenin yeme tutumu ve glisemik kontrol ile ilişkisini belirlemek amacıyla yapılmıştır.
Gereç ve Yöntem: Araştırmanın örneklemini; 18 Kasım 2019 – 12 Mart 2020 tarihleri arasında Endokrinoloji ve Metabolizma Hastalıkları Bilim Dalı Polikliniği’ne gelen T2DM tanılı ve dahil edilme kriterlerini karşılayan 385 birey oluşturmuştur. Çalışma verileri; bireylerin demografik bilgilerine, sağlık bilgilerine ve biyokimyasal verilerine yönelik sorular ile Sezgisel Yeme Ölçeği (IES-2) ve Yeme Tutum Testinin (EAT-26) yer aldığı bir form kullanılarak yüz yüze görüşme yöntemi ile elde edilmiştir.
Bulgular: Çalışmaya katılan bireylerin yaş ortalaması 59,12±9,78 olup %62,6’sı kadındı. Sezgisel yeme ile bireylerin vücut ağırlığı, BKİ değeri, bel çevresi ve trigliserit değeri arasında istatistiksel olarak negatif yönde ve zayıf düzeyde anlamlı bir ilişki saptandı (p<0,05). EAT-26 puanı ile IES-2 alt ölçeklerinden olan “duygusal sebeplerden ziyade fiziksel sebeplerle yeme” alt ölçeği arasında istatistiksel olarak negatif yönde ve zayıf düzeyde anlamlı bir ilişki belirlendi (p<0,05). Ayrıca EAT-26 puanı ile “açlık ve tokluk işaretlerine güven” alt ölçeği arasında istatistiksel olarak pozitif yönde ve zayıf düzeyde anlamlı bir ilişki bulundu (p<0.05).
Sonuç: Çalışma sonucunda; sezgisel yeme ile T2DM’li bireylerin antropometrik ölçümleri, trigliserit değerleri ve yeme tutumları arasında zayıf düzeyde anlamlı ilişki olduğu belirlenmiştir. Sezgisel yemenin yeme tutumu ve glisemik kontrol ile arasındaki nedensellik ilişkisini daha iyi belirleyebilmek için ileri çalışmalara ihtiyaç vardır.
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Affiliation(s)
- Özlem KOÇAK
- Ege Üniversitesi, Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Kronik Hastalıklar Anabilim Dalı, İzmir, Türkiye
| | - Yasemin YILDIRIM
- Ege Üniversitesi, Hemşirelik Fakültesi, İç Hastalıkları Hemşireliği Anabilim Dalı, İzmir, Türkiye
| | - Banu ŞARER YÜREKLİ
- Ege Üniversitesi, Tıp Fakültesi Endokrinoloji ve Metabolizma Hastalıkları Bilim Dalı, İzmir, Türkiye
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Burnette CB, Hazzard VM, Hahn SL, Larson N, Neumark-Sztainer D. Like parent, like child? Intuitive eating among emerging adults and their parents. Appetite 2022; 176:106132. [PMID: 35700840 PMCID: PMC9667887 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2022.106132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Intuitive eating (IE) emphasizes relying on hunger and satiety cues to guide eating, and is associated with positive mental health and health-promoting behaviors. Although parents' own eating patterns often shape those of their children, no known research has explored familial associations of IE. The purpose of this cross-sectional, population-based study was to examine IE concordance between emerging adults and their parents, and whether concordance differed across sociodemographic characteristics and weight perceptions. The analytic sample included 891 emerging adults (M age = 22.0) and their primary parent (M age = 50.4) who participated in the population-based, longitudinal EAT and F-EAT 2010-2018 studies. Parents and emerging adults were grouped into dyads based on IE concordance: (1) neither are intuitive eaters; (2) only the emerging adult is an intuitive eater; (3) only the parent is an intuitive eater; (4) both are intuitive eaters. Dyads differed across socioeconomic status (SES), race/ethnicity, and weight perceptions. Concordant dyads who ate intuitively were more likely to be at higher SES and perceive their weight as "about right" than concordant dyads who did not eat intuitively. Asian emerging adults were most likely to belong to concordant non-intuitive eater dyads. Emerging adults who shared their parent's perception their weight was "overweight" were less likely to be intuitive eaters (even if their parents were). In this sample, sociodemographic characteristics and weight perceptions were related to IE concordance among emerging adults and their parents. Lower SES might be an intergenerational barrier to IE disproportionately impacting communities of color, though longitudinal data are needed. Results also suggest rather than motivating healthful eating, perceiving one's weight as "overweight" could hinder IE. Differences across sociodemographic variables likely intersect in meaningful ways, which is an important future research direction.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Blair Burnette
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
| | - Vivienne M Hazzard
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Samantha L Hahn
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Nicole Larson
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Dianne Neumark-Sztainer
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA; Division of General Pediatrics and Adolescent Health, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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Hazzard VM, Burnette CB, Hooper L, Larson N, Eisenberg ME, Neumark-Sztainer D. Lifestyle health behavior correlates of intuitive eating in a population-based sample of men and women. Eat Behav 2022; 46:101644. [PMID: 35691254 PMCID: PMC9509702 DOI: 10.1016/j.eatbeh.2022.101644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this observational study was to examine how lifestyle health behaviors hypothesized to influence attunement to internal cues (breakfast consumption frequency, physical activity, yoga practice, sleep, and recreational screen time) are cross-sectionally related to intuitive eating (IE). Data from 765 men and 1009 women (Mage = 31.1 ± 1.7 years) who participated in Project EAT-IV (Eating and Activity in Teens and Young Adults) were analyzed with sex-stratified linear regression models adjusted for age, race/ethnicity, socioeconomic background, and parent status. Sociodemographic-adjusted mean levels of each health behavior by sex were generated at low (one standard deviation below the mean), average (at the mean), and high (one standard deviation above the mean) levels of IE to facilitate interpretation of regression results. Among women only, more frequent breakfast consumption (p = .02), more time spent practicing yoga (p = .03), more sleep (p = .004), and less recreational screen time (p = .01) were each significantly associated with higher IE after adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics. Compared to women with low IE, women with high IE reported, on average, eating breakfast 0.3 more days a week, practicing 12 more minutes of yoga per week, getting 12 more minutes of sleep per night, and engaging in 18 fewer minutes of recreational screen time per day. Results suggest that these modifiable health behaviors may be valuable targets for interventions to increase IE among women, though longitudinal research is needed to elucidate the temporality of these associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivienne M. Hazzard
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN,Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - C. Blair Burnette
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Laura Hooper
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Nicole Larson
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Marla E. Eisenberg
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN,Division of General Pediatrics and Adolescent Health, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Dianne Neumark-Sztainer
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN,Division of General Pediatrics and Adolescent Health, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN
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Mauldin K, May M, Clifford D. The consequences of a weight-centric approach to healthcare: A case for a paradigm shift in how clinicians address body weight. Nutr Clin Pract 2022; 37:1291-1306. [PMID: 35819360 DOI: 10.1002/ncp.10885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Current healthcare is weight-centric, equating weight and health. This approach to healthcare has negative consequences on patient well-being. The aim of this article is to make a case for a paradigm shift in how clinicians view and address body weight. In this review, we (1) address common flawed assumptions in the weight-centric approach to healthcare, (2) review the weight science literature and provide evidence for the negative consequences of promoting dieting and weight loss, and (3) provide practice recommendations for weight-inclusive care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasuen Mauldin
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science, and Packaging, San José State University, San José, California, USA.,Department of Clinical Nutrition, Stanford Health Care, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Michelle May
- Am I Hungry? Mindful Eating Programs and Training, USA.,Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
| | - Dawn Clifford
- Department of Health Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, USA
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Giannakou K, Kyprianidou M, Basdani E, Hadjimbei E, Chrysostomou S. Cross-cultural validity of the Intuitive Eating Scale-2: Psychometric evaluation in the Greek-Cypriot population. MEDITERRANEAN JOURNAL OF NUTRITION AND METABOLISM 2022. [DOI: 10.3233/mnm-220037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Intuitive eating is defined by eating response to physiological hunger and satiety cues rather than situational or emotional cues and it has been linked to psychological well-being. The 23-item Intuitive Eating Scale-2 (IES-2) is commonly used to assess the concept of intuitive eating. OBJECTIVE: To develop the Greek version of the IES-2 questionnaire and to test its psychometric qualities. METHODS: Forward and backward translations into Greek and English were completed. Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) was applied to understand the underlying factor structure of the IES-2, whilst internal consistency was assessed by Cronbach’s alpha test. The concurrent validity was assessed by evaluating the correlation among the IES-2 and the Eating Attitudes Test-26 Item (EAT-26) questionnaire. RESULTS: A total of 379 adults (mean age = 34 years) participated. EFA gave a three-factor structure with the total variance explained being 54.4% . Cronbach’s alpha was 0.87 for the IES-2 total score, as well as 0.90, 0.84 and 0.70 for the IES-2 subscales. The revised IES-2 total score was significantly correlated with EAT-26 total score (rs = –0.46, p < 0.01) and BMI (rs = –0.46, p < 0.01). CONCLUSION: In this sample, the Greek version of the IES-2 showed good psychometric qualities and can be regarded a helpful tool for examining adult intuitive eating behaviours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos Giannakou
- Department of Health Sciences, School of Sciences, European University Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Maria Kyprianidou
- Department of Health Sciences, School of Sciences, European University Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Evaggelia Basdani
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Sciences, European University Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Elena Hadjimbei
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Sciences, European University Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Stavri Chrysostomou
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Sciences, European University Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
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Babbott KM, Mitchison D, Basten C, Thornton C, Hay P, Byrne S, Goldstein M, Heruc G, van der Werf B, Consedine NS, Roberts M. Intuitive Eating Scale-2: psychometric properties and clinical norms among individuals seeking treatment for an eating disorder in private practice. Eat Weight Disord 2022; 27:1821-1833. [PMID: 34797555 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-021-01326-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Intuitive Eating (IE) is an approach to eating designed to facilitate a positive relationship with food. Its use in clinical settings and in the community is rapidly growing in popularity. The Intuitive Eating Scale 2 (IES-2) is a widely used measure that indexes intuitive eating motivations and behaviour, however evidence of its validity in populations with clinical eating disorders remains scarce. The objective of the proposed study was thus to evaluate the factor structure of the IES-2 in a large sample of individuals seeking treatment for eating disorders in private practice. METHODS Data collected from 569 women and men aged 12-68 years seeking treatment for an eating disorder in one of eight specialist private outpatient eating disorder clinics were examined using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Relationships between IES-2 scores and measures of psychopathology were also examined. RESULTS Results were relatively consistent with the purported four-factor structure of the IES-2. The measure displayed strong construct validity and good internal consistency. Scores on the IES-2 were inversely associated with scores of depression, anxiety, and disordered eating, providing evidence for divergent validity of the measure. Clinical norms are provided for anorexia nervosa (AN) spectrum disorders and bulimia nervosa (BN) spectrum disorders, as well as for the clinical sample as a whole. CONCLUSION Findings suggest that the IES-2 may be an appropriate measure for evaluating behaviours relating to IE in community outpatient eating disorder settings, and provide further evidence for the association between IE and positive health outcomes. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE III, evidence obtained from well-designed cohort or case-control analytic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie M Babbott
- General Practice and Primary Healthcare, School of Population Health, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand.
| | - Deborah Mitchison
- Translational Health Research Institute, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Sydney, Australia
- Department of Psychology, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Chris Basten
- Department of Psychology, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | | | - Phillipa Hay
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, Australia
| | - Sue Byrne
- University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Mandy Goldstein
- Mandy Goldstein Psychology, Sydney, Australia
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, Australia
| | - Gabriella Heruc
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, Australia
- Appetite for Change, Sydney, Australia
| | - Bert van der Werf
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Nathan S Consedine
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Marion Roberts
- General Practice and Primary Healthcare, School of Population Health, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand
- Nurture Psychology, Auckland, New Zealand
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Nunes CL, Carraça EV, Jesus F, Finlayson G, Francisco R, Silva MN, Santos I, Bosy-Westphal A, Martins P, Minderico C, Sardinha LB, Silva AM. Changes in food reward and intuitive eating after weight loss and maintenance in former athletes with overweight or obesity. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2022; 30:1004-1014. [PMID: 35347875 DOI: 10.1002/oby.23407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to explore the following: 1) the impact of Champ4Life's intervention on intuitive eating and food reward; and 2) associations between changes in eating behavior and changes in body composition. METHODS A total of 94 former athletes (mean [SD], BMI = 31.1 [4.3] kg/m2 , age = 43.0 [9.4] years, 34% female) assigned to intervention (n = 49) and control groups (n = 45) underwent 4 months of active weight loss (WL) followed by 8 months of WL maintenance. Intuitive eating and food reward were assessed by the Intuitive Eating Scale and the Leeds Food Preference Questionnaire, respectively. RESULTS The WL was -4.8% (4.9%) and 0.3% (2.6%) for the intervention and control groups, respectively. Participants reported a decrease in fat bias for explicit/implicit wanting and explicit liking after 4 months and 1 year. For intuitive eating, the unconditional permission to eat decreased after 4 months, and the body-food choice congruence increased after 1 year. Changes in unconditional permission to eat and in body-food choice congruence were positively and negatively associated with both Δweight and with Δfat mass, respectively. Changes in explicit wanting for fat and taste bias were associated with Δweight. CONCLUSIONS Food reward decreased after a moderate WL intervention. Participants successfully maintained their reduced weight, and most of the changes in eating behavior remained significant at the end of the follow-up period. Lifestyle interventions aiming at WL should also consider intuitive eating and food reward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catarina L Nunes
- Exercise and Health Laboratory, Centro Interdisciplinar de Performance Humana (CIPER), Faculty of Human Kinetics, University of Lisbon, Cruz Quebrada, Portugal
| | - Eliana V Carraça
- Exercise and Health Laboratory, Centro Interdisciplinar de Performance Humana (CIPER), Faculty of Human Kinetics, University of Lisbon, Cruz Quebrada, Portugal
- Centro de Investigação em Desporto, Educação Física, Exercício e Saúde (CIDEFES): Lusophone University, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Filipe Jesus
- Exercise and Health Laboratory, Centro Interdisciplinar de Performance Humana (CIPER), Faculty of Human Kinetics, University of Lisbon, Cruz Quebrada, Portugal
| | - Graham Finlayson
- Appetite Control Energy Balance Research Group, School of Psychology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Rúben Francisco
- Exercise and Health Laboratory, Centro Interdisciplinar de Performance Humana (CIPER), Faculty of Human Kinetics, University of Lisbon, Cruz Quebrada, Portugal
| | - Marlene N Silva
- Centro de Investigação em Desporto, Educação Física, Exercício e Saúde (CIDEFES): Lusophone University, Lisbon, Portugal
- Programa Nacional para a Promoção da Atividade Física, Direcção-Geral da Saúde, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Inês Santos
- Exercise and Health Laboratory, Centro Interdisciplinar de Performance Humana (CIPER), Faculty of Human Kinetics, University of Lisbon, Cruz Quebrada, Portugal
- Centro de Investigação em Desporto, Educação Física, Exercício e Saúde (CIDEFES): Lusophone University, Lisbon, Portugal
- Nutrition Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Anja Bosy-Westphal
- Department of Human Nutrition, Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Sciences, Christian-Albrechts University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Paulo Martins
- Laboratory of Sport Psychology, Faculty of Human Kinetics, University of Lisbon, Cruz Quebrada, Portugal
| | - Cláudia Minderico
- Exercise and Health Laboratory, Centro Interdisciplinar de Performance Humana (CIPER), Faculty of Human Kinetics, University of Lisbon, Cruz Quebrada, Portugal
| | - Luís B Sardinha
- Exercise and Health Laboratory, Centro Interdisciplinar de Performance Humana (CIPER), Faculty of Human Kinetics, University of Lisbon, Cruz Quebrada, Portugal
| | - Analiza M Silva
- Exercise and Health Laboratory, Centro Interdisciplinar de Performance Humana (CIPER), Faculty of Human Kinetics, University of Lisbon, Cruz Quebrada, Portugal
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Teas E, Kimiecik J, Ward RM, Timmerman K. Intuitive Eating and Biomarkers Related to Cardiovascular Disease in Older Adults. JOURNAL OF NUTRITION EDUCATION AND BEHAVIOR 2022; 54:412-421. [PMID: 35534099 PMCID: PMC9097336 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneb.2022.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Examine whether exercise and diet motivation are associated with 4 biomarkers related to cardiovascular disease. DESIGN Cross-sectional analysis. Data collection involved questionnaires, blood draws, body composition assessments, and accelerometry. SETTING Small, midwestern college town. PARTICIPANTS Community older adults (≥ 58 years of age; n = 79) recruited through convenience sampling; the sample was representative of the population of interest for some demographic characteristics (eg, age and sex) but not representative of other characteristics (eg, level of activity). VARIABLES MEASURED Independent variables comprised self-reported intrinsic exercise motivation (Behavioral Regulation for Exercise Questionnaire-3) and intuitive eating (Intuitive Eating Scale-2). Dependent variables included inflammatory proteins (C-reactive protein and interleukin-6) and lipid levels (low-density lipoprotein/high-density lipoprotein and triglycerides) quantified from blood samples. Covariates included age, body mass index, sex, and objective physical activity measured by accelerometers worn for 7 days. ANALYSIS Multiple linear regression was used to assess the association between diet and exercise motivation and biomarker outcomes; we analyzed 4 regression models (1 for each biomarker). Significance level P < 0.05. RESULTS Greater intuitive eating was associated with a lower low-density lipoprotein/high-density lipoprotein ratio (β = -0.45, P = 0.001) and lower triglycerides (β = -0.37, P = 0.003). Intrinsic exercise motivation was not associated with the biomarkers. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Intuitive eating may be a key determinant of certain biomarkers and could be a viable target for interventions to help decrease the risk of cardiovascular disease among older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Teas
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN; Center for Aging and the Life Course, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN.
| | - Jay Kimiecik
- Department of Kinesiology, Nutrition, and Health, Miami University, Oxford, OH
| | - Rose Marie Ward
- Department of Kinesiology, Nutrition, and Health, Miami University, Oxford, OH
| | - Kyle Timmerman
- Department of Kinesiology, Nutrition, and Health, Miami University, Oxford, OH
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Papini NM, Foster RNS, Lopez NV, Ptomey LT, Herrmann SD, Donnelly JE. Examination of three-factor eating questionnaire subscale scores on weight loss and weight loss maintenance in a clinical intervention. BMC Psychol 2022; 10:101. [PMID: 35428328 PMCID: PMC9013121 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-022-00806-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The purpose of this study is to examine three-factor eating questionnaire (TFEQ) scores at baseline and post-intervention (6 months) on successful weight loss and weight maintenance in an 18-month behavioral weight management intervention for adults with overweight and obesity. Methods TFEQ and weight were assessed at baseline, 6, and 18 months. Logistic regression models were used to examine scores at baseline on disinhibition, restraint, and perceived hunger factors in the TFEQ on 5% body weight loss at 6 months and 6-month scores to predict 5% weight maintenance at 18 months while controlling for age, sex, and baseline weight.
Results Participants (n = 287; age = 43.8 ± 10.36 years; female = 64.1%; weight = 222.5 ± 39.02 pounds; BMI = 34.73 ± 4.56) were included for analysis. Dietary restraint at baseline was the only significant predictor of 5% weight loss at 6 months. None of the TFEQ subscale scores at 6 months predicted 5% weight maintenance at 18 months. The model examining weight loss at 6 months accounted for 7% of the variance of the outcome and 11% of the variance of weight maintenance at 18 months. Conclusion Dietary restraint is a unique eating behavior associated with weight loss at 6 months beyond other eating behaviors measured by the TFEQ in an adult sample enrolled in a weight loss intervention. No other subscale scores were significant at 6 months or at 18 months. Future research should consider how to promote flexible control and discourage adoption of rigid restraint behaviors since the latter is associated with disordered eating patterns.
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Koçyiğit E, Uzunlar EA, Özer ŞD, Zakkour HK, Akbulut G. The relationship between intuitive eating, eating disorders, and body image perceptions in young adult women. MEDITERRANEAN JOURNAL OF NUTRITION AND METABOLISM 2022. [DOI: 10.3233/mnm-211583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The term intuitive eating is a new concept that has emerged in recent years. It is a way of eating that is based on responding to the body’s natural signals of hunger and satiety. OBJECTIVE: The study was conducted to evaluate the relationship between intuitive eating and eating disorders and body image perception in young adult women. METHODS: The study was conducted with 400 women aged 19–35 years. The data were collected with the Figure Rating Scale, the Intuitive Eating Scale-2 (IES-2), and the Eating Attitude Test-26. RESULTS: The mean body mass index was significantly higher in individuals who misperceived their body image. While 51.4% of the participants with normal eating behavior had appropriate body image perception, 38.8% of the participants with abnormal eating behavior had appropriate body image perception. The IES-2 total score was significantly lower in women with abnormal eating behavior and overweight/obese women. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings showed that intuitive eating is negatively associated with abnormal eating behavior and obesity in young adult women and that women with low intuitive eating inclinations misperceived their body image.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emine Koçyiğit
- Gazi University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Ankara/Turkey
| | - Elif Adanur Uzunlar
- Karadeniz Technical University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Trabzon/Turkey
| | - Şehriban Duyar Özer
- Gazi University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Ankara/Turkey
| | - Hazal Küçükkaraca Zakkour
- Ondokuz Mayıs University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Samsun/Turkey
| | - Gamze Akbulut
- Gazi University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Ankara/Turkey
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42
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Belon KE, Serier KN, VanderJagt H, Smith JE. What Is Healthy Eating? Exploring Profiles of Intuitive Eating and Nutritionally Healthy Eating in College Women. Am J Health Promot 2022; 36:823-833. [PMID: 35081758 DOI: 10.1177/08901171211073870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Research suggests that food's nutritional content and the feelings and behaviors associated with eating contribute to overall health, yet these constructs are rarely considered simultaneously. The current cross-sectional study investigated healthy eating profiles in college women that included both nutritional quality and intuitive eating (IE), with IE being an eating style that prioritizes physiological hunger/satiety cues and minimizes dieting and emotional eating. DESIGN/SETTING/SUBJECTS Undergraduate women (n=352) completed an online assessment and daily diaries (80% retention). MEASURES Nutritionally healthy eating, IE, dieting, body dissatisfaction, disordered eating, and psychological health were examined. ANALYSIS Latent profile analysis explored patterns of nutritionally healthy eating and IE, and determined how these patterns related to psychological and eating disorder outcomes. RESULTS A four-profile solution emerged: 1) Dieting (high nutritionally healthy eating + intermediate IE), 2) Unhealthy Eating (low nutritionally healthy eating + low IE), 3) Intuitive Eating (moderately high nutritionally healthy eating + high IE), and 4) Non-Dieting (low nutritionally healthy eating + intermediate IE). These profiles significantly differed from one another, such that the Intuitive Eating and Non-Dieting profiles reported lower psychological distress, BMI, and eating disorder symptoms compared to other profiles, while the Dieting and Unhealthy Eating profiles showed the healthiest and poorest nutritional eating, respectively. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that IE and nutritionally healthy eating are distinct factors in conceptualizing the eating patterns of college women, and both should be considered when developing interventions. Future research should replicate these findings in larger/more diverse samples and examine eating profiles longitudinally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine E Belon
- Psychology170161University of New Mexico College of Arts and Sciences
| | - Kelsey N Serier
- Psychology170161University of New Mexico College of Arts and Sciences
| | - Hayley VanderJagt
- Psychology170161University of New Mexico College of Arts and Sciences
| | - Jane Ellen Smith
- Psychology170161University of New Mexico College of Arts and Sciences
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Román N, Rigó A, Gajdos P, Tóth-Király I, Urbán R. Intuitive eating in light of other eating styles and motives: Experiences with construct validity and the Hungarian adaptation of the Intuitive Eating Scale-2. Body Image 2021; 39:30-39. [PMID: 34171578 DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2021.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Intuitive eating (IE), an adaptive eating approach, has been identified as a plausible positive determinant of physical and mental well-being. This cross-sectional survey study aimed to examine the construct validity of IE measured by the Intuitive Eating Scale-2 (IES-2). The conceptual network of different adaptive and maladaptive eating behaviors was also explored. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), measurement invariance testing, and correlation analyses were applied on the data from a sample of 732 Hungarian university students. Validating variables included several eating behavior styles (i.e., obesogenic eating behaviors, mindful eating [ME], and dieting practices) and motivational factors (i.e., autonomous, controlled, and amotivational sources of healthy eating, and internalization of the thin and muscular body ideals). The results of the CFA supported the original four-factor structure of the IES-2 without a global second-order factor. The scale exhibited measurement invariance on the scalar level across sexes and BMI categories. The IES-2 subscales showed adequate reliability. IE and ME were found to be positively related but conceptually distinct constructs. Autonomous motivation for healthy eating, restrained eating, and current dieting exhibited different yet meaningful associations to IE on the subscale level. Undertaking subscale-level analyses is recommended when using the IES-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nóra Román
- Doctoral School of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Izabella utca 46, Budapest, H-1064, Hungary; Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Izabella utca 46, Budapest, H-1064, Hungary.
| | - Adrien Rigó
- Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Izabella utca 46, Budapest, H-1064, Hungary.
| | - Panna Gajdos
- Doctoral School of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Izabella utca 46, Budapest, H-1064, Hungary; Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Izabella utca 46, Budapest, H-1064, Hungary.
| | - István Tóth-Király
- Department of Psychology, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke W, Montreal, QC, H4B 1R6, Canada.
| | - Róbert Urbán
- Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Izabella utca 46, Budapest, H-1064, Hungary.
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Carbonneau N, Holding A, Lavigne G, Robitaille J. Feel Good, Eat Better: The Role of Self-Compassion and Body Esteem in Mothers' Healthy Eating Behaviours. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13113907. [PMID: 34836162 PMCID: PMC8625178 DOI: 10.3390/nu13113907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Mothers’ eating behaviours are important to ensure the health and well-being of themselves and their families. Recent research has pointed to self-compassion, defined as extending kindness to oneself in times of perceived inadequacy or general suffering, as a trait associated with healthy forms of eating, such as intuitive eating, and reduced maladaptive forms of eating, such as emotional eating. However, little is known about the psychological mechanism through which self-compassion relates to healthy eating behaviours. This study examined 100 mothers’ levels of self-compassion, body esteem and eating behaviours. Structural equation modelling revealed that self-compassion was positively associated with diet quality and intuitive eating, while being negatively associated with emotional eating. Moreover, these links occurred, in part, due to higher body esteem. This points to a mechanism through which self-compassion may positively contribute to mothers’ healthy eating behaviours. The implications for eating outcomes and women’s health are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noémie Carbonneau
- Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, QC G8Z 4M3, Canada;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-819-376-5011 (ext. 3532)
| | - Anne Holding
- Department of Psychology, New York University, New York, NY 10003, USA;
| | - Geneviève Lavigne
- Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, QC G8Z 4M3, Canada;
| | - Julie Robitaille
- Nutrition, Health and Society (NUTRISS) Research Center, School of Nutrition, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada;
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Katz DL, Dansinger ML, Willett WC, Rifai T, Rhee LQ, Gardner CD, Mehta T, Bernstein A, Aronson D. Knowing Well, Being Well: well-being born of understanding: Dietary Research Done Right: From Je Ne Sais Quoi to Sine Qua Non. Am J Health Promot 2021; 35:874-882. [PMID: 34120475 DOI: 10.1177/08901171211016191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Rifai T, Rhee LQ. On Energy Balance and Weight Control- Is a Calorie a Calorie? Am J Health Promot 2021; 35:878-880. [PMID: 34120474 DOI: 10.1177/08901171211016191c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tom Rifai
- Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
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47
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DeVille DC, Erchull MJ, Mailloux JR. Intuitive eating mediates the relationship between interoceptive accuracy and eating disorder risk. Eat Behav 2021; 41:101495. [PMID: 33713922 DOI: 10.1016/j.eatbeh.2021.101495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Research supports an association between altered interoceptive accuracy, or the ability to accurately monitor sensations from the body, and disordered eating. However, the behavioral mechanism through which interoceptive accuracy may influence eating behaviors is unclear. Intuitive eating, the ability to regulate food intake according to visceral cues of hunger and satiety, is positively related to interoceptive accuracy and negatively related to disordered eating. Therefore, we hypothesized that interoceptive accuracy would be negatively associated with intuitive eating which would, in turn, influence eating disorder risk. A mediation analysis was performed to test this hypothesis in a sample of 41 undergraduate women who completed a heartbeat counting task to assess interoceptive accuracy, followed by self-report measures of intuitive eating ability and eating disorder risk. We found that eating for physical rather than emotional reasons and reliance on hunger and satiety cues, two aspects of intuitive eating, mediated the relationship between interoceptive accuracy and eating disorder risk. Although further research is necessary, it is possible that findings regarding the association between interoceptive accuracy and intuitive eating may inform the development of eating disorder prevention efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle C DeVille
- University of Mary Washington, Department of Psychological Science, 1301 College Avenue, Fredericksburg, VA 22401, United States; University of Tulsa, Department of Psychology, 800 S. Tucker Drive, Tulsa, OK 74104, United States
| | - Mindy J Erchull
- University of Mary Washington, Department of Psychological Science, 1301 College Avenue, Fredericksburg, VA 22401, United States.
| | - Jennifer R Mailloux
- University of Mary Washington, Department of Psychological Science, 1301 College Avenue, Fredericksburg, VA 22401, United States.
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Cardoso A, Oliveira S, Ferreira C. Negative and positive affect and disordered eating: The adaptive role of intuitive eating and body image flexibility. CLIN PSYCHOL-UK 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/cp.12224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Cardoso
- CINEICC – Center for Research in Neuropsychology and Cognitive and Behavioral Intervention Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal,
| | - Sara Oliveira
- CINEICC – Center for Research in Neuropsychology and Cognitive and Behavioral Intervention Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal,
| | - Cláudia Ferreira
- CINEICC – Center for Research in Neuropsychology and Cognitive and Behavioral Intervention Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal,
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Are anthropometric measurements an indicator of intuitive and mindful eating? Eat Weight Disord 2021; 26:639-648. [PMID: 32333316 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-020-00904-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Intuitive eating and mindful eating are new approach eating behaviors. Assessing the relationship of some anthropometric measurements to intuitive eating and mindful eating. METHODS Cross-sectional descriptive study. Adults aged 19-45 living in the center of Ankara the capital of Turkey. 250 volunteers (68 men and 182 women) aged 19-45 years. Data were collected through face-to-face interviews using a questionnaire contained the Intuitive Eating Scale (IES-2), Mindful Eating Questionnaire (MEQ-30) and Eating Attitudes Test (EAT-26). Anthropometric measurements were performed by the researchers themselves. Between-group analyses were performed to test statistical differences and relationships. RESULTS There was a positive correlation between IES-2 and MEQ-30 scores (r = 0.477; p = 0.000), indicating that the higher the IES-2 scores, the higher the MEQ-30 scores. IES-2 scores and BMI were negatively correlated (p < 0.05) and also MEQ-30 scores were negatively correlated with waist-to-height ratio and BMI (r = - 0.143; p = 0.024, r = - 0.159; p = 0.012). The higher the "disinhibition" and "control of eating," the lower the body weight, waist circumference, waist-to-height ratio and BMI was found. CONCLUSIONS It was concluded that the more the intuitive eating, the more the mindful eating. And also it is suggested that anthropometric measurements might be an indicator of intuitive eating and mindful eating. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level V, cross-sectional descriptive study.
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Soares FLP, Ramos MH, Gramelisch M, de Paula Pego Silva R, da Silva Batista J, Cattafesta M, Salaroli LB. Intuitive eating is associated with glycemic control in type 2 diabetes. Eat Weight Disord 2021; 26:599-608. [PMID: 32232778 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-020-00894-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The intuitive eating approach has shown promise, but studies on its association with diabetics are scarce. The aim of this study is to identify the association between intuitive eating and glycemic control in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus. METHODS This is an observational cross-sectional analytical study in patients at the endocrinology service of a university hospital in Vitória/ES, Brazil. For data collection, a semi-structured questionnaire was used and intuitive eating was assessed by Intuitive Eating Scale-2. RESULTS A total of 179 individuals, mostly female and elderly, and predominantly taking oral antidiabetic drugs without association with insulin were evaluated. In adjusting for the total scale score, the most intuitive eating was associated with lower chances of patients presenting inadequate glycemic control by 89% (OR = 0.114; CI 0.024-0.540; p = 0.006), and a higher score on the Body-Food-Choice Congruence subscale was associated with lower chances of participants presenting this inadequacy by almost 66% (OR = 0.341; CI 0.131-0.891; p = 0.028), regardless of their body mass index. CONCLUSION Eating intuitively, especially in accordance with body needs may be associated with lower chances of type 2 diabetics having inadequate glycemic control. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level V, cross-sectional descriptive study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabíola Lacerda Pires Soares
- Department of Integrated Health Education, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Marechal Campos Avenue, 1468, Maruípe, Vitória, ES, 29043, Brazil.
| | | | - Mariana Gramelisch
- Department of Integrated Health Education, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Marechal Campos Avenue, 1468, Maruípe, Vitória, ES, 29043, Brazil
| | - Rhaviny de Paula Pego Silva
- Department of Integrated Health Education, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Marechal Campos Avenue, 1468, Maruípe, Vitória, ES, 29043, Brazil
| | - Jussara da Silva Batista
- Department of Integrated Health Education, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Marechal Campos Avenue, 1468, Maruípe, Vitória, ES, 29043, Brazil
| | - Monica Cattafesta
- Graduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, Brazil
| | - Luciane Bresciani Salaroli
- Department of Integrated Health Education, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Marechal Campos Avenue, 1468, Maruípe, Vitória, ES, 29043, Brazil.,Graduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, Brazil.,Graduate Program in Nutrition and Health, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, Brazil
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