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Shamlan G, Albreiki M, Almasoudi HO, Alshehri LA, Ghaith MM, Alharthi AS, Aleanizy FS. Nutritional status of elderly patients previously ill with COVID-19: Assessment with nutritional risk screening 2002 (NRS-2002) and mini nutritional assessment (MNA-sf). J Infect Public Health 2024; 17:372-377. [PMID: 38217931 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2023.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Long-term effects of COVID-19 showed a wide range of symptoms. Also, it was found that older patients were five times more likely than younger patients to develop long-COVID symptoms (1). This study aimed to investigate the use of Nutrition Risk Screening 2002 (NRS-2002) and the Mini Nutrition Assessment-Short Form (MNA-sf) among COVID-19 in elderly patients in Saudi Arabia. METHODS A total of (n = 159) COVID-19 elderly patients were recruited in the study; the relationship between patients' characteristics, including age, gender, Body Mass Index (BMI), infection history, vaccination and chronic disease were evaluated using NRS-2002 and MNA-sf. Multivariate logistic regression to estimate the Odd Ratio (OR) by comparing the OR of different variables between normal nutritional Status and at-risk and Cohen's kappa (κ) coefficient was assessed to analyse the agreement between both tools. RESULTS MNA-sf showed a positive association between age and malnutrition risk ≥ 66 years old P = 0.035. Both tools showed a negative association between BMI (P < 0.001 and P = 0.046), respectively and vaccination (P = 0.002 and P = 0.01), respectively, with risk for malnutrition. There was no significant association between Diabetes (DM) and malnutrition risk, but elderly Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) were at malnutrition risk using the NRS- 2002 tool P = 0.003. Inversely, people infected six months or more before malnutrition assessment have a lower risk of malnutrition P = 0.05. CONCLUSIONS Both tools were valuable and practical tools for screening elderly people with COVID-19 who are at nutritional risk and those in need of additional nutritional intervention. Further research needed to be applied in the relationship between nutritional status during and post-infectious disease for elderly people using cross-sectional and intervention studies in order to prevent malnutrition complications in Saudi Arabia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghalia Shamlan
- Department of Human Nutrition, College of food science and agriculture, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Mohammed Albreiki
- Center for Biotechnology, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates; Biosecurity Affairs Division, Innovation and Development Sector, Abu Dhabi Agriculture and Food Safety Authority, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Hadeel O Almasoudi
- Department of Human Nutrition, College of food science and agriculture, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lina A Alshehri
- Department of Human Nutrition, College of food science and agriculture, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mazen M Ghaith
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, P.O. Box 7607, Al Abdeyah, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrahman S Alharthi
- Department of Animal Production, College of food science and agriculture, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fadilah S Aleanizy
- Department of Pharmacutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Ridley EJ, Chapple LAS, Ainscough K, Burrell A, Campbell L, Dux C, Ferrie S, Fetterplace K, Jamei M, King V, Neto AS, Nichol A, Osland E, Paul E, Summers M, Marshall AP, Udy A. Nutrition care processes across hospitalisation in critically ill patients with COVID-19 in Australia: A multicentre prospective observational study. Aust Crit Care 2023; 36:955-960. [PMID: 36806392 PMCID: PMC9842626 DOI: 10.1016/j.aucc.2023.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted major challenges with usual nutrition care processes, leading to reports of malnutrition and nutrition-related issues in these patients. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to describe nutrition-related service delivery practices across hospitalisation in critically ill patients with COVID-19 admitted to Australian intensive care units (ICUs) in the initial pandemic phase. METHODS This was a multicentre (nine site) observational study in Australia, linked with a national registry of critically ill patients with COVID-19. Adult patients with COVID-19 who were discharged to an acute ward following ICU admission were included over a 12-month period. Data are presented as n (%), median (interquartile range [IQR]), and odds ratio (OR [95% confidence interval {CI}]). RESULTS A total of 103 patients were included. Oral nutrition was the most common mode of nutrition (93 [93%]). In the ICU, there were 53 (52%) patients seen by a dietitian (median 4 [2-8] occasions) and malnutrition screening occurred in 51 (50%) patients most commonly with the malnutrition screening tool (50 [98%]). The odds of receiving a higher malnutrition screening tool score increased by 36% for every screening in the ICU (1st to 4th, OR: 1.39 [95% CI: 1.05-1.77] p = 0.018) (indicating increasing risk of malnutrition). On the ward, 51 (50.5%) patients were seen by a dietitian (median time to consult: 44 [22.5-75] hours post ICU discharge). The odds of dietetic consult increased by 39% every week while on the ward (OR: 1.39 [1.03-1.89], p = 0.034). Patients who received mechanical ventilation (MV) were more likely to receive dietetic input than those who never received MV. CONCLUSIONS During the initial phases of the COVID-19 pandemic in Australia, approximately half of the patients included were seen by a dietitian. An increased number of malnutrition screens were associated with a higher risk score in the ICU and likelihood of dietetic consult increased if patients received MV and as length of ward stay increased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma J Ridley
- The Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Nutrition Department, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Lee-Anne S Chapple
- Intensive Care Unit, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; Centre of Research Excellence in Translating Nutritional Science to Good Health, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Kate Ainscough
- University College Dublin Clinical Research Centre at St Vincents University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Aidan Burrell
- The Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Intensive Care, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lewis Campbell
- Intensive Care Unit, Royal Darwin Hospital, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia; Menzies School of Health Research, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia
| | - Claire Dux
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, Australia; School of Human Movements and Nutrition Science, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Suzie Ferrie
- Department of Nutrition & Dietetics, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; School of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Kate Fetterplace
- Department of Allied Health (Clinical Nutrition), The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; The University of Melbourne, Department of Critical Care, Melbourne Medical School, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Matin Jamei
- Intensive Care Unit, Nepean Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Victoria King
- The Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ary Serpa Neto
- The Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Alistair Nichol
- The Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; University College Dublin Clinical Research Centre at St Vincents University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland; Department of Intensive Care, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Emma Osland
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, Australia; School of Human Movements and Nutrition Science, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Eldho Paul
- The Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Matthew Summers
- Intensive Care Unit, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Andrea P Marshall
- Intensive Care Unit, Gold Coast University Hospital, Southport, Queensland, Australia; Menzies Health Institute, Griffith University, Southport, Queensland, Australia
| | - Andrew Udy
- The Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Intensive Care, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Bechtold ML, Nepple KG, McCauley SM, Badaracco C, Malone A. Interprofessional implementation of the Global Malnutrition Composite Score quality measure. Nutr Clin Pract 2023; 38:987-997. [PMID: 37431796 DOI: 10.1002/ncp.11033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Malnutrition in hospitalized patients can impact health outcomes, quality of life, and health equity. Quality improvement initiatives and quality measurement can help improve the care of those hospitalized patients with malnutrition. The new Global Malnutrition Composite Score (GMCS) was recently adopted by the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) as a health equity-focused measure. Beginning in 2024, the GMCS is available for reporting through the CMS Hospital Inpatient Quality Reporting Program. The GMCS provides an opportunity to elevate the importance of patient nutrition status and evidence-based interventions throughout the interdisciplinary hospital decision-making process. To promote this opportunity, the American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition (ASPEN) held an "Interprofessional implementation of the Global Malnutrition Composite Score" webinar as part of its 2022 Malnutrition Awareness Week programming. This article summarizes the underlying rationale and significance of the GMCS measure and showcases clinical observations about integrating quality improvement and measurement into the acute care setting, as presented during the webinar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew L Bechtold
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Kenneth G Nepple
- Department of Urology, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | | | | | - Ainsley Malone
- Clinical Practice, The American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
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Grinevich VB, Lazebnik LB, Kravchuk YA, Radchenko VG, Tkachenko EI, Pershko AM, Seliverstov PV, Salikova CP, Zhdanov KV, Kozlov KV, Makienko VV, Potapova IV, Ivanyuk ES, Egorov DV, Sas EI, Korzheva MD, Kozlova NM, Ratnikova AK, Ratnikov VA, Sitkin SI, Bolieva LZ, Turkina CV, Abdulganieva DI, Ermolova TV, Kozhevnikova SA, Tarasova LV, Myazin RG, Khomeriki NM, Pilat TL, Kuzmina LP, Khanferyan RA, Novikova VP, Polunina AV, Khavkin AI. Gastrointestinal disorders in post-COVID syndrome. Clinical guidelines. EXPERIMENTAL AND CLINICAL GASTROENTEROLOGY 2023:4-68. [DOI: 10.31146/1682-8658-ecg-208-12-4-68] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Summary Post- COVID syndrome refers to the long-term consequences of a new coronavirus infection COVID-19, which includes a set of symptoms that develop or persist after COVID-19. Symptoms of gastrointestinal disorders in post- COVID syndrome, due to chronic infl ammation, the consequences of organ damage, prolonged hospitalization, social isolation, and other causes, can be persistent and require a multidisciplinary approach. The presented clinical practice guidelines consider the main preventive and therapeutic and diagnostic approaches to the management of patients with gastroenterological manifestations of postCOVID syndrome. The Guidelines were approved by the 17th National Congress of Internal Medicine and the 25th Congress of Gastroenterological Scientifi c Society of Russia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - L. B. Lazebnik
- A. I. Yevdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - K. V. Kozlov
- Military Medical Academy named after S. M. Kirov
| | | | | | | | - D. V. Egorov
- Military Medical Academy named after S. M. Kirov
| | - E. I. Sas
- Military Medical Academy named after S. M. Kirov
| | | | | | - A. K. Ratnikova
- North-West District Scientifi c and Clinical Center named after L. G. Sokolov Federal Medical and Biological Agency
| | - V. A. Ratnikov
- North-West District Scientifi c and Clinical Center named after L. G. Sokolov Federal Medical and Biological Agency
| | - S. I. Sitkin
- North-Western state medical University named after I. I. Mechnikov;
Almazov National Medical Research Centre
| | | | | | | | - T. V. Ermolova
- North-Western state medical University named after I. I. Mechnikov
| | | | | | | | - N. M. Khomeriki
- Moscow Regional Research Clinical Institute n. a. M. F. Vladimirsky”
| | - T. L. Pilat
- Scientifi c Research Institute of labour medicine named after academician N. F. Izmerov
| | - L. P. Kuzmina
- Scientifi c Research Institute of labour medicine named after academician N. F. Izmerov;
I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)
| | | | | | | | - A. I. Khavkin
- Russian National Research Medical University named after N. I. Pirogov
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Anzo FM, Buan-Mayo M. Nutritional biomarkers as predictors of clinical outcomes between COVID-19 severity groups in a tertiary government hospital. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2023; 53:134-143. [PMID: 36657905 PMCID: PMC9722622 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2022.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Malnutrition, as defined by the World Health Organization (WHO), includes undernutrition. In the Philippines, malnutrition is common due to several factors. The nutritional biomarkers can be used as an alternative indicator of dietary intake and nutritional status that can detect deficiencies in support to clinical management of COVID-19 patients. Apart from that, biomarkers are potentially useful for screening, clinical management, and prevention of serious complications of COVID-19 patients. Serum albumin, c-reactive protein (CRP), leukocyte count, lymphocyte count, blood urea nitrogen (BUN) to compute the nutritional prognostic indices (Prognostic nutritional index (PNI) score, BUN/Albumin ratio (BAR) and CRP/Albumin ratio (CAR). OBJECTIVES To compare the nutritional biomarkers of patients with COVID-19 based on case severity and determine the nutritional prognostic indices and associate to patients' clinical outcome during hospital stay. METHODS A single center, cross-sectional study was performed between June 2021 to August 2021 in a COVID-19 designated referral center in CALABARZON which comprised of 167 patients as part of the study. Clinicodemographic profile including patients' age, sex, co-morbidities, weight, height, laboratory, and serum biomarkers during the first 48 h of admission (serum albumin, leukocyte count, lymphocytes count, CRP, and BUN) were collated wherein the nutritional prognostic indices were computed and analyzed. Clinical outcomes of the patients were based on the patients' final diagnoses (recovered, length of hospital stay (LOHS), progression of severity and mortality). RESULTS 167 non-critically ill COVID-19 patients were included in the analysis, of which 52.7% are admitted under the COVID-19 severe group and 47.3% for COVID-19 Mild/Moderate. Mostly are male (53.3%) with an average body mass index (BMI) of 24.26 (SD = 3.52) and have hypertension (55.1%) and diabetes (42.5%). Among the nutritional biomarker, albumin (p = 0.028; p = 0.004), total lymphocyte count (TLC) (p = 0.013; p = 0.005) and BUN (p = 0.001; p=<0.001) were shown to be significantly associated with progression of severity and mortality. Univariate logistic regression analysis showed the following nutritional prognostic score were correlated. (1.) progression of COVID-19 severity: PNI score (OR 0.928, 95% CI 0.886, 0.971, p=<0.001), and BAR value (OR 1.130, 95% CI 1.027, 1.242, p = 0.012); (2.) Mortality: PNI score (OR 0.926, 95% CI 0.878, 0.977, p = 0.005), CAR (OR 1.809, 95% CI 1.243, 2.632, p = 0.002), and BAR (OR 1.180, 95% CI 1.077, 1.292, p=<0.001). The average LOHS of COVID-19 patients was 12 days (SD = 7.72). However, it does not show any significant correlation between any nutritional biomarker, prognostic indices and LOHS. CONCLUSION This study demonstrated that deranged level of nutritional biomarkers can affect patient's COVID-19 severity and associated with patient's clinical outcome. Low albumin (≤2.5 g/dL), low level of TLC (≤1500 cells/mm3), elevated BUN (≥7.1 mmol/L) are associated with patient's case severity progression and mortality while low PNI score (<42.49), high BAR value (≥2.8) and CAR value (≥2.04) provided an important nutritional prognostic information and could predict mortality which can be a useful parameter in admission, hence it is recommended to screen all COVID-19 patients to reduce mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferdinand M Anzo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Batangas Medical Center, Batangas City, Philippines.
| | - Maribeth Buan-Mayo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Batangas Medical Center, Batangas City, Philippines
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Swan WI, Anchondo IM. Revisiting Ethical Selection of Enteral and Infant Formula: Demonstrating Evidence-Based Practice and a Responsible Vendor Relationship. J Acad Nutr Diet 2023:S2212-2672(23)00038-2. [PMID: 36681324 DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2023.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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López-Gómez JJ, Lastra-González P, Gómez-Hoyos E, Ortolá-Buigues A, Jiménez-Sahagún R, Cuadrado-Clemente L, Benito-Sendín-Plaar K, Cuenca-Becerril S, Portugal-Rodríguez E, De Luis Román DA. Evolution of nutrition support in patients with COVID-19 disease admitted in the Intensive Care Unit. ENDOCRINOL DIAB NUTR 2022; 69:802-809. [PMID: 36470821 PMCID: PMC9691446 DOI: 10.1016/j.endien.2022.11.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/16/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Nutritional support in patients with COVID19 can influence the mean stay and complications in the patient in Intensive Care Unit (ICU). AIMS To evaluate the selection of enteral nutritional treatment in the COVID-19 patient admitted to the ICU. To know the development of dysphagia and its treatment. To evaluate the adjustment to the requirements and its relationship with the patient's complications. MATERIAL AND METHODS One-center longitudinal retrospective study in 71 patients admitted to the ICU with COVID19 infection and complete enteral nutrition between March and April 2020. Clinical variables were collected: length of stay in ICU, mean stay and rate of complications; and estimated anthropometric variables. RESULTS The mean age was 61.84 (13.68) years. Among the patients analyzed, 33 (46.5%) died. The median stay in the ICU was 20 (15.75-32) days and the mean stay was 37 (26.75-63) days. The type of formula most prescribed was normoprotein 24 (35.3%) and diabetes-specific 23 (33.8%) depending on the prescribed formula. There was no difference in mean stay (p = 0.39) or death rate (p = 0.35). The percentage of achievement of the estimated protein requirements was 50 (34.38-68.76). At discharge, 8 (21%) of the patients had dysphagia. A relationship was observed between the mean ICU stay and the probability of developing dysphagia (OR: 1.035 (1.004-1.07); p = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS In the patient with COVID19 disease admitted to the ICU, only half of the necessary protein requirements were reached. The presence of dysphagia at discharge was related to the length of time the patient was in the ICU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan J López-Gómez
- Servicio de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain; Centro de Investigación en Endocrinología y Nutrición, Universidad de Valladolid (IENVA), Valladolid, Spain.
| | | | - Emilia Gómez-Hoyos
- Servicio de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain; Centro de Investigación en Endocrinología y Nutrición, Universidad de Valladolid (IENVA), Valladolid, Spain
| | - Ana Ortolá-Buigues
- Servicio de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain; Centro de Investigación en Endocrinología y Nutrición, Universidad de Valladolid (IENVA), Valladolid, Spain
| | - Rebeca Jiménez-Sahagún
- Servicio de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain; Centro de Investigación en Endocrinología y Nutrición, Universidad de Valladolid (IENVA), Valladolid, Spain
| | - Laura Cuadrado-Clemente
- Servicio de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain; Centro de Investigación en Endocrinología y Nutrición, Universidad de Valladolid (IENVA), Valladolid, Spain
| | - Katia Benito-Sendín-Plaar
- Servicio de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain; Centro de Investigación en Endocrinología y Nutrición, Universidad de Valladolid (IENVA), Valladolid, Spain
| | - Sara Cuenca-Becerril
- Servicio de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain; Centro de Investigación en Endocrinología y Nutrición, Universidad de Valladolid (IENVA), Valladolid, Spain
| | | | - Daniel A De Luis Román
- Servicio de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain; Centro de Investigación en Endocrinología y Nutrición, Universidad de Valladolid (IENVA), Valladolid, Spain
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Sowards DB, McCauley SM, Munoz N. Impacting Malnutrition, Food Insecurity, and Health Equity: An Overview of Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics Priorities and Future Opportunities. J Acad Nutr Diet 2022; 122:S7-S11. [PMID: 36122962 DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2022.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Wahid N, Badaracco C, Valladares AF, Depriest A, Collins A, Mitchell K. The Role of Inpatient Malnutrition Care to Address Health Disparities among Older Adults. J Acad Nutr Diet 2022; 122:S28-S33. [PMID: 36122956 DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2022.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Naila Wahid
- Avalere Health, Washington, District of Columbia.
| | | | | | - Ashley Depriest
- WellStar Kennestone Regional Medical Center, Marietta, Georgia
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Charbonneau E, Mellouli S, Chouikh A, Couture LJ, Desroches S. The Information Sharing Behaviors of Dietitians and Twitter Users in the Nutrition and COVID-19 Infodemic: Content Analysis Study of Tweets. JMIR INFODEMIOLOGY 2022; 2:e38573. [PMID: 36188421 PMCID: PMC9511036 DOI: 10.2196/38573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 07/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Background
The COVID-19 pandemic has generated an infodemic, an overabundance of online and offline information. In this context, accurate information as well as misinformation and disinformation about the links between nutrition and COVID-19 have circulated on Twitter since the onset of the pandemic.
Objective
The purpose of this study was to compare tweets on nutrition in times of COVID-19 published by 2 groups, namely, a preidentified group of dietitians and a group of general users of Twitter, in terms of themes, content accuracy, use of behavior change factors, and user engagement, in order to contrast their information sharing behaviors during the pandemic.
Methods
Public English-language tweets published between December 31, 2019, and December 31, 2020, by 625 dietitians from Canada and the United States, and Twitter users were collected using hashtags and keywords related to nutrition and COVID-19. After filtration, tweets were coded against an original codebook of themes and the Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF) for identifying behavior change factors, and were compared to reliable nutritional recommendations pertaining to COVID-19. The numbers of likes, replies, and retweets per tweet were also collected to determine user engagement.
Results
In total, 2886 tweets (dietitians, n=1417; public, n=1469) were included in the analyses. Differences in frequency between groups were found in 11 out of 15 themes. Grocery (271/1417, 19.1%), and diets and dietary patterns (n=507, 34.5%) were the most frequently addressed themes by dietitians and the public, respectively. For 9 out of 14 TDF domains, there were differences in the frequency of usage between groups. “Skills” was the most used domain by both groups, although they used it in different proportions (dietitians: 612/1417, 43.2% vs public: 529/1469, 36.0%; P<.001). A higher proportion of dietitians’ tweets were accurate compared with the public’s tweets (532/575, 92.5% vs 250/382, 65.5%; P<.001). The results for user engagement were mixed. While engagement by likes varied between groups according to the theme, engagement by replies and retweets was similar across themes but varied according to the group.
Conclusions
Differences in tweets between groups, notably ones related to content accuracy, themes, and engagement in the form of likes, shed light on potentially useful and relevant elements to include in timely social media interventions aiming at fighting the COVID-19–related infodemic or future infodemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Charbonneau
- Centre Nutrition, Santé et Société Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods Université Laval Quebec City, QC Canada
- School of Nutrition Université Laval Quebec City, QC Canada
| | - Sehl Mellouli
- Centre Nutrition, Santé et Société Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods Université Laval Quebec City, QC Canada
- Faculty of Business Administration Université Laval Quebec City, QC Canada
| | - Arbi Chouikh
- Faculty of Business Administration Université Laval Quebec City, QC Canada
| | | | - Sophie Desroches
- Centre Nutrition, Santé et Société Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods Université Laval Quebec City, QC Canada
- School of Nutrition Université Laval Quebec City, QC Canada
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11
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Subrata SA. Holistic care of patients with diabetic foot ulcers during the COVID-19 era: integration of Henderson's Need Theory. BRITISH JOURNAL OF NURSING (MARK ALLEN PUBLISHING) 2022; 31:S38-S49. [PMID: 35980928 DOI: 10.12968/bjon.2022.31.15.s38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has inhibited the practice of diabetic foot ulcer care, particularly in the community. Comprehensive theory-based nursing care is needed to prevent further complications. Unfortunately, a study combining theory with nursing care in diabetic foot ulcer care has not been explored. When caring for patients with diabetic foot ulcers, who are also at increased risk of severe complications from COVID-19, it is important to take a holistic view of the patient and consider all of their needs and the factors affecting them. Henderson's Need Theory and the 14 basic needs contained within it was chosen to be integrated in the care of patients with diabetic foot ulcers during the pandemic, with the hope that the findings will help nurses to optimise care in both hospital-based and community practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumarno Adi Subrata
- Nursing Lecturer, Center of Research and Community Empowerment (LPPM)/Wound Study Center (WOSCE), Universitas Muhammadiyah Magelang, Indonesia
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12
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Mirzay-Razaz J, Hassanghomi M, Ajami M, Koochakpoor G, Hosseini-Esfahani F, Mirmiran P. Effective food hygiene principles and dietary intakes to reinforce the immune system for prevention of COVID-19: a systematic review. BMC Nutr 2022; 8:53. [PMID: 35655264 PMCID: PMC9162791 DOI: 10.1186/s40795-022-00546-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study aimed at reviewing effective food hygiene principles and dietary intakes to reinforce the immune system for prevention of corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Methods The systematic literature search was performed in three databases from Jan. 2020 up to 10th July 2020. English articles that focused on nutrition, food, immunity and corona virus were searched. Systematic and narrative reviews were included. Results After evaluation of search papers, 27 relevant articles were used in this review. The importance of nutrients, phytochemicals, probiotics and some spices were highlighted for enhancing immunity during the COVID-19 pandemic. A healthy dietary pattern with proper energy intake provides sufficient nutrients. The unhealthy dietary pattern is linked with inflammation and risk factors related to high mortality in patients with severe COVID-19 infection. Different thermal procedures have been used for the inactivation of viruses. It is recommended not to consume raw or undercooked animal products. Conclusions It is critical to ensure that the nutritional needs of the population are met and sustained based on standards during a COVID-19 pandemic. Clear advice on adequate calorie intake and an optimal healthy diet to support the immune function should be provided. Good hygiene practices must be performed by everyone and done in the food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jalaledin Mirzay-Razaz
- Department of Community Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Majid Hassanghomi
- Department of Technology Assessment, Standard and Tarif for Health, Deputy for Care Affair, Ministry of Health and Medical Education (MOHME), Tehran, Iran
| | - Marjan Ajami
- Department of Food and Nutrition Policy and Planning Research, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Firoozeh Hosseini-Esfahani
- Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Parvin Mirmiran
- Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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13
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Kapoor N, Bhattacharya S, Agarwal N, Das S, Bantwal G, Deshmukh V, Kalra S. Subclinical Kwashiorkor in Adults: A New Age Paradigm. Indian J Endocrinol Metab 2022; 26:213-222. [PMID: 36248046 PMCID: PMC9555378 DOI: 10.4103/ijem.ijem_42_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Childhood protein-energy undernutrition (PEU) is a well-recognized problem and therefore a lot of work has been done to identify and manage paediatric PEU. Though there have been several reports of low protein consumption in adults from developing countries, PEU and its subtle forms (subclinical PEU) are not yet recognized as adult disorders. Physicians and public perception do not favour easy recognition and action. In this review, the authors provide a scoping review of the existing literature on this entity providing insights into its recognition, pathogenesis and management. Adult subclinical PEU is an enormous under-recognized challenge that can have detrimental consequences if not recognized and corrected in time. PEU has grave health and economic impact on the patient and society. Therefore, it is important to recognize subclinical PEU and prevent its progression to full-blown form.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitin Kapoor
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
- Implementation Science Lab, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Saptarshi Bhattacharya
- Consultant Endocrinologist, Apollo Centre for Obesity, Diabetes and Endocrinology (ACODE), Indraprastha Apollo Hospitals, New Delhi, India
| | - Navneet Agarwal
- Department of Diabetology, DNA Sugar Clinic, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Sambit Das
- Department of Endocrinology, Hi Tech Medical College and Hospital, Bhubaneshwar, Odisha, India
| | - Ganapathi Bantwal
- Department of Endocrinology, St Johns Medical College and Hospital, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Vaishali Deshmukh
- Department of Endocrinology, Deshmukh Clinic and Deenanath Mangeshkar Hospital and Research Centre, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sanjay Kalra
- Department of Endocrinology, Bharti Hospital, Karnal, Haryana, India
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14
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Negm AM, Salopek A, Zaide M, Meng VJ, Prada C, Chang Y, Zanwar P, Santos FH, Philippou E, Rosario ER, Faieta J, Pinto SM, Falvey JR, Kumar A, Reistetter TA, Dal Bello-Haas V, Bhandari M, Bean JF, Heyn PC. Rehabilitation at the Time of Pandemic: Patient Journey Recommendations. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:781226. [PMID: 35493939 PMCID: PMC9042427 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.781226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The World Health Organization (WHO) declared severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) a pandemic in March 2020, causing almost 3.5 million coronavirus disease (COVID-19) related deaths worldwide. The COVID-19 pandemic has imposed a significant burden on healthcare systems, economies, and social systems in many countries around the world. The access and delivery of rehabilitation care were severely disrupted, and patients have faced several challenges during the COVID-19 outbreak. These challenges include addressing new functional impairments faced by survivors of COVID-19 and infection prevention to avoid the virus spread to healthcare workers and other patients not infected with COVID-19. In this scoping review, we aim to develop rehabilitation recommendations during the COVID-19 pandemic across the continuum of rehabilitation care. Materials and Methods Established frameworks were used to guide the scoping review methodology. Medline, Embase, Pubmed, CINAHL databases from inception to August 1, 2020, and prominent rehabilitation organizations' websites were searched. Study Selection We included articles and reports if they were focused on rehabilitation recommendations for COVID-19 survivors or the general population at the time of the COVID-19 pandemic. Data Extraction Two of our team members used the pre-tested data extraction form to extract data from included full-text articles. The strength and the quality of the extracted recommendations were evaluated by two reviewers using the GRADE (Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation) approach. Results We retrieved 6,468 citations, of which 2,086 were eligible after removing duplicates. We excluded 1,980 citations based on the title and the abstract. Of the screened full-text articles, we included 106 studies. We present recommendations based on the patient journey at the time of the pandemic. We assessed the evidence to be of overall fair quality and strong for the recommendations. Conclusion We have combined the latest research results and accumulated expert opinions on rehabilitation to develop acute and post-acute rehabilitation recommendations in response to the global COVID-19 pandemic. Further updates are warranted in order to incorporate the emerging evidence into rehabilitation guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed M. Negm
- Faculty of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- School of Rehabilitation Science, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Adrian Salopek
- Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Mashal Zaide
- Faculty of Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Victoria J. Meng
- Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Carlos Prada
- Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | | | - Preeti Zanwar
- Center for Population Health & Aging, Center for Health Systems & Design, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
- U.S. Network on Life Course and Health Dynamics & Disparities, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Flavia H. Santos
- School of Psychology, U.C.D. Centre for Disability Studies, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Elena Philippou
- Department of Life and Health Sciences, School of Sciences and Engineering, University of Nicosia, Nicosia, Cyprus
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Emily R. Rosario
- Casa Colina Hospital and Centers for Healthcare, Pomona, CA, United States
| | - Julie Faieta
- Department of Rehabilitation Science and Technology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Shanti M. Pinto
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Carolinas Rehabilitation, Charlotte, NC, United States
| | - Jason R. Falvey
- Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Amit Kumar
- College of Health and Human Services, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, United States
| | - Timothy A. Reistetter
- Department of Occupational Therapy, School of Health Professions, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | | | - Mohit Bhandari
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Jonathan F. Bean
- Department of PM&R, New England Geriatric, Research, Education and Clinical Center, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, United States
- Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Patricia C. Heyn
- Marymount Center for Optimal Aging, School of Health Sciences, Marymount University, Arlington, VA, United States
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15
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Chatterjee P, Nirgude A, Chatterjee PK. Healthy eating - a modifiable contributor to optimize healthy living in the COVID-19 pandemic: a review. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2022; 102:1751-1758. [PMID: 34775607 PMCID: PMC8646809 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.11650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The outbreak of the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection in 2019 has posed major risks to global health and the economy. This coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has changed many of our everyday habits, including how we function and socialize, how we eat, and food preferences and selection. The average intake and status of certain vitamins and minerals can result in reduced immunity, which makes people more susceptible to illnesses and exacerbates malnutrition. The most critical factors in this scenario are individual risk evaluation and management techniques. Until general therapies are administered, the nutritional status of each infected patient should be assessed. The differing clinical severity of COVID-19 - from asymptomatic, to mild, to severe, to death - depends on the different metabolic status of the hosts who have contracted the virus, which is determined by their diet, age, gender, health, lifestyle, and environmental factors. A broad systematic exploration on studies of this disease was steered by means of electronic databases and was limited to articles published in English (or with an English abstract) in publications using words like 'health', 'diet', 'food', 'nutritional status', 'COVID-19', 'pandemic', 'modifiable contributor', 'immune system', 'micronutrients', 'vitamin', and so on. Careful individual consideration of the potential dietary, nutritional, medical, lifestyle, and environmental hazards, along with any supplementation with micronutrients wherever required to help to boost the body's natural defence system, with the intention to improve all levels of immunity and the use of effective risk management techniques are appropriate ways to handle the COVID-19 pandemic. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poulomi Chatterjee
- Department of Community MedicineYenepoya Medical College, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University)DeralakatteIndia
| | - Abhay Nirgude
- Department of Community MedicineYenepoya Medical College, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University)DeralakatteIndia
| | - Pratik Kumar Chatterjee
- Department of PhysiologyKasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher EducationManipalIndia
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16
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Gnagnarella P, Ferro Y, Monge T, Troiano E, Montalcini T, Pujia A, Mazza E. Telenutrition: Changes in Professional Practice and in the Nutritional Assessments of Italian Dietitian Nutritionists in the COVID-19 Era. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14071359. [PMID: 35405971 PMCID: PMC9002661 DOI: 10.3390/nu14071359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has brought about various restrictions around the world, and its impact on healthcare has been enormous: RDNs have had to shift from in-person interactions with clients to telenutrition consultations, encountering obstacles. We designed the first survey to investigate the changes in RDN practices related to telenutrition provision after the onset of the pandemic through an online survey in Italy. Four hundred and thirty-six responses were analyzed. Before the pandemic, only 16% of Italian RDNs provided telenutrition; this percentage increased significantly up to 63% (p < 0.001). Among patients, the lack of interest in accessing telenutrition (30.9%) and the Internet (16.7%) were the most frequently reported barriers. Among RDNs, one of the main obstacles was their inability to conduct nutritional evaluation or monitoring activities (24.4%). Our survey indicated that increased adoption of telenutrition can be a valid, safe alternative to face-to-face visits. Telenutrition was mainly used by young RDNs (20−39 years) with fewer years of professional experience (0−20 years) and master’s degrees. Remote nutrition can enable RDNs to maintain normal workloads and provide patients with uninterrupted access to nutritional healthcare. It is important that RDNs using telemedicine resources possess the ability to provide high-quality, efficient, and secure services using evidence-based guidance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrizia Gnagnarella
- Associazione Tecnico Scientifica dell’Alimentazione Nutrizione e Dietetica (ASAND), Technical Scientific Association of Food, Nutrition and Dietetics, 90144 Palermo, Italy; (P.G.); (T.M.); (E.T.); (E.M.)
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, IEO European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy
| | - Yvelise Ferro
- Department of Medical and Surgical Science, University Magna Grecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy;
- Correspondence:
| | - Taira Monge
- Associazione Tecnico Scientifica dell’Alimentazione Nutrizione e Dietetica (ASAND), Technical Scientific Association of Food, Nutrition and Dietetics, 90144 Palermo, Italy; (P.G.); (T.M.); (E.T.); (E.M.)
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Molinette Hospital, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Ersilia Troiano
- Associazione Tecnico Scientifica dell’Alimentazione Nutrizione e Dietetica (ASAND), Technical Scientific Association of Food, Nutrition and Dietetics, 90144 Palermo, Italy; (P.G.); (T.M.); (E.T.); (E.M.)
- Direzione Socio-Educativa, Municipio Roma III Montesacro, 00137 Rome, Italy
| | - Tiziana Montalcini
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University Magna Græcia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy;
| | - Arturo Pujia
- Department of Medical and Surgical Science, University Magna Grecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy;
| | - Elisa Mazza
- Associazione Tecnico Scientifica dell’Alimentazione Nutrizione e Dietetica (ASAND), Technical Scientific Association of Food, Nutrition and Dietetics, 90144 Palermo, Italy; (P.G.); (T.M.); (E.T.); (E.M.)
- Department of Medical and Surgical Science, University Magna Grecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy;
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17
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Dietary Recommendations for Post-COVID-19 Syndrome. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14061305. [PMID: 35334962 PMCID: PMC8954128 DOI: 10.3390/nu14061305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
At the beginning of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, global efforts focused on containing the spread of the virus and avoiding contagion. Currently, it is evident that health professionals should deal with the overall health status of COVID-19 survivors. Indeed, novel findings have identified post-COVID-19 syndrome, which is characterized by malnutrition, loss of fat-free mass, and low-grade inflammation. In addition, the recovery might be complicated by persistent functional impairment (i.e., fatigue and muscle weakness, dysphagia, appetite loss, and taste/smell alterations) as well as psychological distress. Therefore, the appropriate evaluation of nutritional status (assessment of dietary intake, anthropometrics, and body composition) is one of the pillars in the management of these patients. On the other hand, personalized dietary recommendations represent the best strategy to ensure recovery. Therefore, this review aimed to collect available evidence on the role of nutrients and their supplementation in post-COVID-19 syndrome to provide a practical guideline to nutritionists to tailor dietary interventions for patients recovering from COVID-19 infections.
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18
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Esgin Ö, Erten T. Nutrition and a Balanced Diet in the Elderly During the COVID-19 Pandemic. CURRENT NUTRITION & FOOD SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.2174/1573401318666220308154735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Age is an important risk factor in the mortality ratio of the COVID-19 disease and mostly, the hospitalised patients over 60 years with chronic diseases are at high risk of death. With preventive measures, proper nutrient intake might be helpful to maintain a healthy state or reduce the severity of the COVID-19 disease in the elderly.
Methods:
Database searches of PubMed, Scopus, Medline, Google Scholar and Web of Science were performed by the following terms of pandemic; COVID-19; coronavirus; elderly; elderly nutrition.
Results:
The requirement of some macro and micro nutrients increases especially the nutrients that support the immune activity. During the pandemic, the daily energy requirement for the elderly is stated as 27-30 kcal/kg while the protein intake is recommended as at least 1g/kg, and the ratio of fat and carbohydrate is 30:70 or 50:50. The daily intake of Vitamin A, B6, B12, C, D, zinc and selenium can also be increased due to their supporting function in the immune system. Probiotics such as Bifidobacterium longum MM-2, Lactobacillus plantarum 06CC2, Lactobacillus bulgaricus OLL1073R-1 and Lactobacillus rhamnosus M21 and the consumption of prebiotics in diet enhance the immune function. Additionally, flavonoids such as baicalin, epigallocatechin gallate, gallocatechin gallate, kaempferol, luteolin, resveratrol and quercetin improve immunity by reducing oxidative stress in the elderly.
Conclusion:
Adequate and balanced nutrition should be provided during the pandemic; in addition to this, micronutrient deficiencies should also be prevented in this period in the elderly at every stage of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Özge Esgin
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Tayyibe Erten
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Bayburt University, Bayburt, Turkey
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19
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De Groot L, Vivanti A. The frequency of nutrition impact symptoms and reduced oral intake among consecutive COVID-19 patients from an Australian health service. Br J Community Nurs 2022; 27:136-142. [PMID: 35274971 DOI: 10.12968/bjcn.2022.27.3.136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
COVID-19 symptoms range from severe respiratory failure to mild anorexia, cough and smell and taste alterations, adversely impacting nutritional intake. The aim of this paper was to establish malnutrition risk, Nutrition Impact Symptoms (NIS) and associations with reduced oral intake. A retrospective observational cohort of all people testing positive for COVID-19 was conducted. Malnutrition risk, nutritional status, weight, reduced oral intake and NIS on and during admission were collected. Dietetic consultation frequency and mode were captured. Some 80% (48/60) of participants reported at least one NIS, and 58% (25/60) reported two or more. Most frequent reported symptoms were cough (60%), sore throat (35%) and reduced appetite (28%). Significant associations existed between ≥2 NIS (p=0.006), reduced appetite (p=0.000) and reduced oral intake, with 20% requiring ongoing nutrition support and consultation. High NIS prevalence confirms systematised nutrition support pathways are indicated through incorporation into standard care across the healthcare continuum, including community care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynette De Groot
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Angela Vivanti
- School of Human Movement and Nutrition Studies, University of Queensland, Queensland, Australia
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20
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A Study of United States Registered Dietitian Nutritionists during COVID-19: From Impact to Adaptation. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14040907. [PMID: 35215557 PMCID: PMC8876548 DOI: 10.3390/nu14040907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic introduced an unprecedented health crisis, requiring many Registered Dietitian Nutritionists (RDNs) to expand their duties and services, while other RDNs faced unemployment, reduced hours, and changes to their work environment. This study evaluated whether the pandemic impacted RDNs’ weight, eating behaviors, and psychological factors, and whether professional training as an RDN was perceived as a protective factor in maintaining healthy habits. A 57-item, cross-sectional, online questionnaire including open-ended questions was distributed to RDNs residing in the United States. Over two months (January 2021 to February 2021), 477 RDNs completed the questionnaire. Among RDNs, 68.5% reported no weight change, 21.4% reported weight gain greater than 5 pounds, and 10.3% reported weight loss greater than 5 pounds. Approximately 75% (n = 360) reported their RDN professional training equipped them with the skills needed to maintain healthy eating behaviors. Reduced physical activity and mental health were the top qualitative themes that emerged regarding reasons for weight change. These findings suggest that RDN professional practice skills may have conferred some personal health benefits, as evidenced by smaller weight gains, the maintenance of healthy habits, and fewer reporting psychological effects relative to the general population and other health professionals, thereby limiting the impact of pandemic-induced work and life disruptions.
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21
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Wessels I, Rolles B, Slusarenko AJ, Rink L. Zinc deficiency as a possible risk factor for increased susceptibility and severe progression of Corona Virus Disease 19. Br J Nutr 2022; 127:214-232. [PMID: 33641685 PMCID: PMC8047403 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114521000738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The importance of Zn for human health becomes obvious during Zn deficiency. Even mild insufficiencies of Zn cause alterations in haematopoiesis and immune functions, resulting in a proinflammatory phenotype and a disturbed redox metabolism. Although immune system malfunction has the most obvious effect, the functions of several tissue cell types are disturbed if Zn supply is limiting. Adhesion molecules and tight junction proteins decrease, while cell death increases, generating barrier dysfunction and possibly organ failure. Taken together, Zn deficiency both weakens the resistance of the human body towards pathogens and at the same time increases the danger of an overactive immune response that may cause tissue damage. The case numbers of Corona Virus Disease 19 (COVID-19) are still increasing, which is causing enormous problems for health systems and economies. There is an urgent need to reduce both the number of severe cases and the resulting deaths. While therapeutic options are still under investigation, and first vaccines have been approved, cost-effective ways to reduce the likelihood of or even prevent infection, and the transition from mild symptoms to more serious detrimental disease, are highly desirable. Nutritional supplementation might be an effective option to achieve these aims. In this review, we discuss known Zn deficiency effects in the context of an infection with Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Coronavirus-2 and its currently known pathogenic mechanisms and elaborate on how severe pre-existing Zn deficiency may pre-dispose patients to a severe progression of COVID-19. First published clinical data on the association of Zn homoeostasis with COVID-19 and registered studies in progress are listed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inga Wessels
- Institute of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Pauwelsstr. 30, 52074Aachen, Germany
| | - Benjamin Rolles
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Hemostaseology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074Aachen, Germany
| | - Alan J. Slusarenko
- Department of Plant Physiology, RWTH Aachen University, Worringer Weg 1, 52074Aachen, Germany
| | - Lothar Rink
- Institute of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Pauwelsstr. 30, 52074Aachen, Germany
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22
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Pedi-R-MAPP: The development of a nutritional awareness tool for use in remote paediatric consultations using a modified Delphi consensus. Clin Nutr 2022; 41:661-672. [PMID: 35149245 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2022.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS The Remote Malnutrition Application (R-MAPP) was developed during the COVID-19 pandemic to provide support for health care professionals (HCPs) working in the community to complete remote nutritional assessments, and provide practical guidance for nutritional care. The aim of this study was to modify the R-MAPP into a version suitable for children, Pediatric Remote Malnutrition Application (Pedi-R-MAPP), and provide a structured approach to completing a nutrition focused assessment as part of a technology enabled care service (TECS) consultation. METHODS A ten-step process was completed: 1) permission to modify adult R-MAPP, 2) literature search to inform the Pedi-R-MAPP content, 3) Pedi-R-MAPP draft, 4) international survey of HCP practice using TECS, 5) nutrition experts invited to participate in a modified Delphi process, 6) first stakeholder meeting to agree purpose/draft of the tool, 7) round-one online survey, 8) statements with consensus removed from survey, 9) round-two online survey for statements with no consensus and 10) second stakeholder meeting with finalisation of the Pedi-R-MAPP nutrition awareness tool. RESULTS The international survey completed by 463 HCPs, 55% paediatricians, 38% dietitians, 7% nurses/others. When HCPs were asked to look back over the last 12 months, dietitians (n = 110) reported that 5.7 ± 10.6 out of every 10 appointments were completed in person; compared to paediatricians (n = 182) who reported 7.5 ± 7.0 out of every 10 appointments to be in person (p < 0.0001), with the remainder completed as TECS consultations. Overall, 74 articles were identified and used to develop the Pedi-R-MAPP which included colour-coded advice using a traffic light system; green, amber, red and purple. Eighteen participants agreed to participate in the Delphi consensus and completed both rounds of the modified Delphi survey. Agreement was reached at the first meeting on the purpose and draft sections of the proposed tool. In round-one of the online survey, 86% (n = 89/104) of statements reached consensus, whereas in round-two 12.5% (n = 13/104) of statements reached no consensus. At the second expert meeting, contested statements were discussed until agreement was reached and the Pedi-R-MAPP could be finalised. CONCLUSION The Pedi-R-MAPP nutrition awareness tool was developed using a modified Delphi consensus. This tool aims to support the technological transformation fast-tracked by the COVID-19 pandemic by providing a structured approach to completing a remote nutrition focused assessment, as well as identifying the frequency of follow up along with those children who may require in-person assessment.
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López-Gómez JJ, Lastra-González P, Gómez-Hoyos E, Ortolá-Buigues A, Jiménez-Sahagún R, Cuadrado-Clemente L, Benito-Sendín-Plaar K, Cuenca-Becerril S, Portugal-Rodríguez E, Román DADL. [Evolution of nutrition support in patients with covid19 disease admitted in the intensive care unit]. ENDOCRINOL DIAB NUTR 2022; 69:802-809. [PMID: 35018334 PMCID: PMC8739011 DOI: 10.1016/j.endinu.2021.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Introducción El soporte nutricional en el enfermo COVID-19 ingresado en Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos (UCI) puede influir en la evolución durante la hospitalización y al alta. Objetivos Evaluar la selección del tratamiento nutricional enteral en el paciente con infección COVID-19 ingresado en UCI. Conocer el desarrollo de disfagia y su tratamiento. Evaluar el ajuste a los requerimientos y su relación con las complicaciones del paciente. Material y métodos Estudio retrospectivo longitudinal unicéntrico en 71 pacientes ingresados en UCI con infección COVID que recibieron nutrición enteral total entre marzo y abril de 2020. Se recogieron datos de estancia en UCI, estancia media y tasa de complicaciones; variables antropométricas estimadas y diagnóstico de disfagia. Resultados La edad media fue de 61,84 (13,68) años. Entre los pacientes analizados fallecieron 33 (46,5%). La mediana de estancia en UCI fue de 20 (15,75-32) días y la estancia media fue de 37 (26,75-63) días. El tipo de fórmula más prescrita fue la normoproteica (24 [35,3%]) y la específica de diabetes (23 [33,8%]). No hubo diferencia en la estancia media (p = 0,39) o en la tasa de éxitus (p = 0,35) en función de la fórmula prescrita. El porcentaje de consecución de los requerimientos proteicos estimados fue del 50% (34,38-68,76). Al alta, 8 (21%) de los pacientes tenían disfagia. Se observó un aumento en el riesgo de disfagia en función de la estancia media en UCI (OR: 1,035 [1,004-1,07]; p = 0,02). Conclusiones En el paciente con infección COVID-19 en UCI únicamente se alcanzaron la mitad de los requerimientos proteicos necesarios en una situación de estrés. La presencia de disfagia al alta se relacionó con el tiempo que el paciente estuvo en la UCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan J López-Gómez
- Servicio de Endocrinología y Nutrición. Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación en Endocrinología y Nutrición. Universidad de Valladolid (IENVA), Spain
| | | | - Emilia Gómez-Hoyos
- Servicio de Endocrinología y Nutrición. Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación en Endocrinología y Nutrición. Universidad de Valladolid (IENVA), Spain
| | - Ana Ortolá-Buigues
- Servicio de Endocrinología y Nutrición. Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación en Endocrinología y Nutrición. Universidad de Valladolid (IENVA), Spain
| | - R Jiménez-Sahagún
- Servicio de Endocrinología y Nutrición. Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación en Endocrinología y Nutrición. Universidad de Valladolid (IENVA), Spain
| | - Laura Cuadrado-Clemente
- Servicio de Endocrinología y Nutrición. Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación en Endocrinología y Nutrición. Universidad de Valladolid (IENVA), Spain
| | - Katia Benito-Sendín-Plaar
- Servicio de Endocrinología y Nutrición. Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación en Endocrinología y Nutrición. Universidad de Valladolid (IENVA), Spain
| | - Sara Cuenca-Becerril
- Servicio de Endocrinología y Nutrición. Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación en Endocrinología y Nutrición. Universidad de Valladolid (IENVA), Spain
| | | | - Daniel A De Luis Román
- Servicio de Endocrinología y Nutrición. Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación en Endocrinología y Nutrición. Universidad de Valladolid (IENVA), Spain
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Negm AM, Salopek A, Zaide M, Meng VJ, Prada C, Chang Y, Zanwar P, Santos FH, Philippou E, Rosario ER, Faieta J, Falvey JR, Kumar A, Reistetter TA, Dal Bello-Haas V, Bean JF, Bhandari M, Heyn PC. Rehabilitation Care at the Time of Coronavirus Disease-19 (COVID-19) Pandemic: A Scoping Review of Health System Recommendations. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 13:781271. [PMID: 35058770 PMCID: PMC8764235 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.781271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: The coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) was declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization in March 2020. COVID-19, caused by SARS-CoV-2 has imposed a significant burden on health care systems, economies, and social systems in many countries around the world. The provision of rehabilitation services for persons with active COVID-19 infection poses challenges to maintaining a safe environment for patients and treating providers. Materials and Methods: Established frameworks were used to guide the scoping review methodology. Medline, Embase, Pubmed, CINAHL databases from inception to August 1, 2020, and prominent rehabilitation organizations' websites were searched. Study Selection: We included articles and reports if they were focused on rehabilitation related recommendations for COVID-19 patients, treating providers, or the general population. Data Extraction: Pairs of team members used a pre-tested data abstraction form to extract data from included full-text articles. The strength and the quality of the extracted recommendations were evaluated by two reviewers using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach. Results: We retrieved 6,468 citations, of which 2,086 were eligible for review, after duplicates were removed. We excluded 1,980 citations based on title and abstract screening. Of the screened full-text articles, we included all 106 studies. A summary of recommendations is presented. We assessed the overall evidence to be strong and of fair quality. Conclusion: The rehabilitation setting, and processes, logistics, and patient and healthcare provider precaution recommendations identified aim to reduce the spread of SARS-CoV-2 infection and ensure adequate and safe rehabilitation services, whether face-to-face or through teleservices. The COVID-19 pandemic is rapidly changing. Further updates will be needed over time in order to incorporate emerging best evidence into rehabilitation guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed M. Negm
- Faculty of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- School of Rehabilitation Science, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Adrian Salopek
- Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Mashal Zaide
- Faculty of Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Victoria J. Meng
- Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Carlos Prada
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | | | - Preeti Zanwar
- Jefferson College of Population Health, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- NIA Funded U.S. Network on Life Course and Health Dynamics and Disparities in the 21st Century America, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Flavia H. Santos
- University College Dublin (UCD), Centre for Disability Studies, School of Psychology, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Elena Philippou
- Department of Life and Health Sciences, School of Sciences and Engineering, University of Nicosia, Nicosia, Cyprus
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Emily R. Rosario
- Casa Colina Hospital and Centers for Healthcare, Pomona, CA, United States
| | - Julie Faieta
- Department of Rehabilitation Science and Technology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Jason R. Falvey
- Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Amit Kumar
- Center for Health Equity Research, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, United States
| | - Timothy A. Reistetter
- Department of Occupational Therapy, School of Health Professions, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | | | - Jonathan F. Bean
- New England Geriatric, Research, Department of PM&R, Harvard Medical School, Education and Clinical Center, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, United States
- Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Mohit Bhandari
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Patricia C. Heyn
- Marymount Center for Optimal Aging, School of Health Sciences, Marymount University, Arlington, VA, United States
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25
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Donnelly R, Devlin K, Keller H. Letter to the Editor: Dietitian Perspectives: Are We Ready for Nutrition Risk Screening in Community and Primary Care? J Nutr Health Aging 2022; 26:211-212. [PMID: 35166318 PMCID: PMC8821858 DOI: 10.1007/s12603-022-1735-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R Donnelly
- Dr. Heather Keller, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave W., Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada, ; 519-888-4567, ext. 31761
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26
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Ahmadi S, Firoozi D, Dehghani M, Zare M, Mehrabi Z, Ghaseminasab-Parizi M, Masoumi SJ. Evaluation of Nutritional Status of Intensive Care Unit COVID-19 Patients Based on the Nutritional Risk Screening 2002 Score. Int J Clin Pract 2022; 2022:2448161. [PMID: 36320896 PMCID: PMC9592191 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2448161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with COVID-19 are susceptible to malnutrition, which is particularly concerning among critically ill patients. We evaluated the Nutritional Risk Screening 2002 (NRS-2002) score in such patients and determined its relationship with the hospitalization outcome. METHODS This cross-sectional study involved COVID-19 patients admitted to the intensive care units (ICUs) of Shahid Faghihi Hospital, Shiraz, Iran, between February and March 2021. We assessed the nutritional status using NRS-2002 and determined disease severity with the APACHE II index. Demographic information, weight, height, clinical signs, previous illness, medications, biochemical test results, and history of anorexia and weight loss were recorded. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 18. RESULTS The mean age of 100 patients was 55.36 ± 18.86 years. According to NRS-2002, 30%, 29%, and 41% of patients were at low risk, moderate risk, and high risk of malnutrition, respectively. Age and BUN increased significantly with NRS-2002, while albumin and hematocrit followed the opposite trend (P < 0.001). Patients who died had lower albumin and hematocrit levels but higher age, NRS-2002 scores, and BUN/creatinine levels than those who recovered. Multivariable logistic regression revealed that for every unit increase in the NRS-2002 score, the odds of mortality increased by 354% (OR: 4.54, CI: 1.48, 13.95, P=0.008). CONCLUSION NRS-2002 is a valuable prognostic tool for critically ill COVID-19 patients, with each unit's rise in the score being associated with a 354% rise in the odds of mortality. Increased malnutrition risk was linked with higher age and BUN and lower albumin and hematocrit levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sedigheh Ahmadi
- Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Donya Firoozi
- Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Dehghani
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Morteza Zare
- Nutrition Research Center, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Zeinab Mehrabi
- Department of Internal Disaease, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Maryam Ghaseminasab-Parizi
- Department of Health Education and Health Promotion, School of Health, Occupational Environment Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Seyed Jalil Masoumi
- Nutrition Research Center, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Gastroenterohepatology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Center for Cohort Study of SUMS Employees' Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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27
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Alam MM, Fawzi AM, Islam MM, Said J. Impacts of COVID-19 pandemic on national security issues: Indonesia as a case study. SECURITY JOURNAL 2022; 35:1067-1086. [PMCID: PMC8493045 DOI: 10.1057/s41284-021-00314-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The national security issues in particular non-traditional security issues such as law enforcement, health, food, supply chain management, industry etc. are severely impacted by the COVID-19 outbreak in all countries of the world. As such, the developing country like Indonesia has largely been suffering from this epidemic. In this context, this paper attempts to analyse some national security issues that are affecting Indonesia, which is currently struggling with the COVID-19 pandemic. Proposed here are policy measures to combat both present and future challenges. The study uses secondary data collected from different sources concerning COVID-19 pandemic and security issues of Indonesia. The study analyses the data based on descriptive statistics, highlighting the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on Indonesian law enforcement issues, and security of health, food, supply chain management, industrial and other economic sectors. The study argues that if the vulnerability continues in these security-related issues due to pandemic, the country will face a harsh reality to manage the state-affairs. Therefore, the policy options are mainly concerned with the COVID-19 issue. Indonesia’s government should identify what measures to take by conducting rapid diagnostics and polymerase chain reaction tests in the laboratory, respectively. Moreover, the government and relevant stakeholders need to develop strategies that break the stranglehold of COVID-19 transmission in order to resolve Indonesian national security concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Mahmudul Alam
- School of Economics, Finance and Banking, Universiti Utara Malaysia, Sintok, Malaysia
| | - Agung Masyad Fawzi
- School of Economics, Finance and Banking, Universiti Utara Malaysia, Sintok, Malaysia
| | - Md. Monirul Islam
- Department of Governance and Public Policy, Bangladesh Institute of Governance and Management (BIGM), University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Jamaliah Said
- Accounting Research Institute, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam, Malaysia
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28
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Jones S, Archer E, Ongan D, Morais C, Speer R, Tsagari A, Jager-Wittenaar H, Ruperto M. Nutritional interventions in older people with COVID-19: an overview of the evidence. Nurs Older People 2021; 34:e1368. [PMID: 34877834 DOI: 10.7748/nop.2021.e1368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Older people are a high-risk group for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) because of a range of factors, including age-related changes in anatomical pulmonary and muscle function, decreased immunity and increased inflammation. These factors partly explain why older people with COVID-19 experience more severe symptoms and higher mortality than younger adults and are more likely to require nutritional support. Furthermore, there is an association between suboptimal nutritional status and poorer recovery from COVID-19. Therefore, nutritional interventions are an important aspect of care for older people with COVID-19. All members of the multidisciplinary team, including dietitians and nurses, need to assess, treat and prevent nutritional deficiencies in older people with COVID-19. This literature review provides an overview of the evidence regarding the role of nutritional interventions in the treatment of, and recovery from, COVID-19 in older people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stacey Jones
- dietetics, Coventry University, Coventry, England
| | - Elizabeth Archer
- mental health services for older people, Nottinghamshire Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust, Nottingham, England
| | - Dilek Ongan
- department of nutrition and dietetics, Izmir Kâtip Çelebi University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Cecilia Morais
- faculty of nutrition and food sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Robert Speer
- department of geriatrics, Paracelsus Medical University, Nuremberg, Germany
| | - Amalia Tsagari
- department of clinical nutrition, KAT Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Harriët Jager-Wittenaar
- research group healthy ageing, Hanze University of Applied Sciences, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Mar Ruperto
- faculty of pharmacy and health sciences, CEU San Pablo University, Madrid, Spain. On behalf of the European Specialist Dietetic Network for Older Adults of the European Federation of the Associations of Dietitians
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Udaya kumar V, Pavan G, Murti K, Kumar R, Dhingra S, Haque M, Ravichandiran V. Rays of immunity: Role of sunshine vitamin in management of COVID-19 infection and associated comorbidities. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2021; 46:21-32. [PMID: 34857198 PMCID: PMC8474796 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2021.09.727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The catastrophic pandemic engendered due to the Novel coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak which causes severe clinical afflictions on the respiratory system has severely high morbidity and mortality rates. The requirement of novel compounds is at utmost importance due to lack of targeted drug molecule to treat the afflictions and restrict the viral infection and for the usage of prophylactic treatment to avoid the spread of the infection is of utmost importance. Vitamin D is one such naturally available multifunctional molecule, which plays an eminent role in the immune system and instigation of numerous cellular pathways further promoting health benefits and enhancing the human quality of life. This article reviews the current standpoint scenario and future prevalence of vitamin D supplementation in the management of covid-19 patients. Novel findings of Vitamin D suggest that along with regulation of cell growth, neuroprotective and mood-stabilizing effects, it regulates the immune response also modulate cytokine Interleukin-6 (IL-6) by inducing progesterone-induced blocking factor (PIBF), given the IL-6 levels are considerably high in COVID-19 patients which increases the further complications. Vitamin D also have its effect on angiotensin converting enzyme (ACEII) inhibitor through which the COVID-19 virus makes cell entry. Numerous research data elucidate the play of Vitamin D, in complications of COVID-19 including the most common comorbid conditions, neurological manifestations and immunological aspects makes it an ideal molecule for adjuvant therapy. Including Vitamin D as add-on therapy in the management of COVID-19 might aid the arrest of infection and helps fight this arduous epidemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- V. Udaya kumar
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hajipur, Bihar, India
| | - Garapati Pavan
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hajipur, Bihar, India
| | - Krishna Murti
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hajipur, Bihar, India,Corresponding author. Department of Pharmacy Practice, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hajipur, 844102, Bihar, India
| | - Rahul Kumar
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hajipur, Bihar, India
| | - Sameer Dhingra
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hajipur, Bihar, India
| | - Mainul Haque
- The Unit of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Defence Health Universiti Pertahanan, Nasional Malaysia (National Defence University of Malaysia), Kuala Lumpur, Kem Perdana Sungai Besi, Malaysia
| | - V. Ravichandiran
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hajipur, Bihar, India
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Naja F, Radwan H, Cheikh Ismail L, Hashim M, Rida WH, Abu Qiyas S, Bou-Karroum K, Alameddine M. Practices and resilience of dieticians during the COVID-19 pandemic: a national survey in the United Arab Emirates. HUMAN RESOURCES FOR HEALTH 2021; 19:141. [PMID: 34801030 PMCID: PMC8605460 DOI: 10.1186/s12960-021-00682-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic impacted the practices and resilience of most healthcare workers, including dieticians. In addition to offering critical care to COVID-19 patients, dieticians play a major role in preventing and managing conditions known to affect COVID-19, such as obesity and metabolic disorders. The objective of this study was to examine the conditions and changes in the work environment as well as resilience and its correlates among dieticians during the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). METHODS A cross-sectional national survey was conducted among dieticians practicing in the UAE (n = 371), using a web-based questionnaire. The questionnaire addressed, in addition to the sociodemographic information, the practice-related characteristics and resilience of participants. For the latter the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale© was used. Descriptive statistics as well as simple and multiple linear regressions were used in the statistical analysis. RESULTS Of participants, 26.4% reported not having access to personal protective equipment and 50% indicated being concerned for their safety and health. Furthermore, considerable proportions of participants were not satisfied (45%) with the support nor with the appreciation (37.7%) they received during the pandemic. One in four dieticians considered quitting his/her job. While 65.8% of participants reported counseling COVID-19 patients, a third did not use any online platform for counseling. The most cited challenge to dietetic practice during the pandemic was 'maintaining work-life balance' (43.1%). The mean CD-RISC score was 72.0 ± 14.0. After adjustment, working in a hospital or public clinic (as opposed to private clinic), having a condition preventing face-to-face counseling, considering quitting job and feeling neutral or dissatisfied with the appreciation were associated with lower resilience scores, while counseling COVID-19 patients was associated with higher scores. CONCLUSIONS Despite the fairly high resilience among dieticians practicing in the UAE during the COVID-19 pandemic, the findings of this study highlighted a few challenges, mainly related to safe practice environment, support for online counseling, and maintaining work-life balance. Concerted efforts of policy and decision makers ought to develop targeted programs for dieticians to ensure their retention and wellbeing during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farah Naja
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, College of Health Sciences, Research Institute of Medical & Health Sciences (RIMHS), University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Hadia Radwan
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, College of Health Sciences, Research Institute of Medical & Health Sciences (RIMHS), University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Leila Cheikh Ismail
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, College of Health Sciences, Research Institute of Medical & Health Sciences (RIMHS), University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mona Hashim
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, College of Health Sciences, Research Institute of Medical & Health Sciences (RIMHS), University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Wafaa Helmi Rida
- Public Health and Prevention Department, Dubai Health Authority, Dubai, UAE
| | - Salma Abu Qiyas
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, College of Health Sciences, Research Institute of Medical & Health Sciences (RIMHS), University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Karen Bou-Karroum
- Department of Health Management and Policy, Faculty of Health Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Mohamad Alameddine
- College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.
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Nutritional status in patients with COVID-19 and cancer: the experience of the National Cancer Institute in Mexico. NUTR HOSP 2021; 38:1263-1268. [PMID: 34658245 DOI: 10.20960/nh.03683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND nutritional status might vary according to different underlying illnesses such as cancer or infectious diseases, including COVID-19. In this context, data from developing countries remain scarce. OBJECTIVES the objective of this study was to assess the nutritional status and outcomes of Mexican cancer patients diagnosed with COVID-19 at a tertiary care center. METHODS this was a retrospective study including 121 consecutive cancer patients diagnosed with COVID-19 at the National Cancer Institute, Mexico City, during four months. RESULTS the most frequent oncological diagnoses were gynecological (19 %) and hematological (17 %). Most patients were overweight (35 %). In the univariate analysis, ≥ 65 years, intubation, hypoalbuminemia, high creatinine, lymphopenia, nutrition-impact symptoms, and ECOG 2-4 were statistically associated with lower survival. The median survival of the cohort was 41 days. CONCLUSIONS to our best knowledge, this is the first study of its kind performed in Mexico, and as other studies from other regions, our results might aid in identifying cancer patients most at risk for severe COVID-19, and could be potentially useful to enhance public health messaging on self-isolation and social distancing among Mexican cancer patients.
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Ekinci I, Uzun H, Utku IK, Ozkan H, Buyukkaba M, Cinar A, Akarsu M, Kumbasar A, Tabak O. Prognostic nutritional index as indicator of immune nutritional status of patients with COVID-19. INT J VITAM NUTR RES 2021; 92:4-12. [PMID: 34538066 DOI: 10.1024/0300-9831/a000730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the effect of the nutritional status, as assessed by the prognostic nutritional index (PNI) on the disease prognosis of patients with COVID-19. Methods: This retrospective study included 282 patients with COVID-19. The PNI score of all patients, 147 of whom were male, with a mean age of 56.4±15.3 years, was calculated. According to the PNI score, the patients with normal and mild malnutrition constituted group-1 (n=159) and the patients with moderate-to-severe and serious malnutrition constituted group-2 (n=123). Results: The PNI score was correlated with age (r=-0.146, p=0.014); oxygen saturation (r=0.190, p=0.001); heart rate (r=-0.117, p=0.05); hospitalization duration (r=-0.266, p<0.001); white blood cells (r=0.156, p=0.009); hemoglobin (r=0.307, p<0.001); C-reactive protein (CRP) (r=-0.346, p<0.001); creatinine (r=-0.184, p=0.002); D-dimer (r=-0.304, p<0.001); ferritin (r=-0.283, p<0.001); procalcitonin (r=-0.287, p<0.001); the confusion, urea, respiratory rate, blood pressure, and age ≥65 years score (r=-0.217, p<0.001); and the quick sequential organ failure assessment score (r=-0.261, p<0.001) in patients with COVID-19. Mortality was significantly higher in Group 2 (p<0.001). Survival was significantly higher if PNI score was >41.2 (p<0.001, sensitivity: 78.7% and specificity: 84.2%). In multivariate regression analysis, among various other parameters, only PNI score and oxygen saturation had a significant effect on the disease course (p=0.02 and p=0.045, respectively). Conclusion: PNI, calculated from the serum albumin concentration and total lymphocyte count, is a simple and objective indicator that assesses the immune nutritional status of patients with COVID-19. The presence of malnutrition has a high predictive value in predicting the severity of COVID-19. Our data suggest that the PNI might be useful for risk stratification of patients with COVID-19 in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iskender Ekinci
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kanuni Sultan Suleyman Training and Research Hospital, Health Sciences University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hafize Uzun
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Cerrahpasa Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Irem Kirac Utku
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kanuni Sultan Suleyman Training and Research Hospital, Health Sciences University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hanise Ozkan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kanuni Sultan Suleyman Training and Research Hospital, Health Sciences University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mitat Buyukkaba
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kanuni Sultan Suleyman Training and Research Hospital, Health Sciences University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Cinar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Arnavutkoy State Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Murat Akarsu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kanuni Sultan Suleyman Training and Research Hospital, Health Sciences University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Abdulbaki Kumbasar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kanuni Sultan Suleyman Training and Research Hospital, Health Sciences University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Omur Tabak
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kanuni Sultan Suleyman Training and Research Hospital, Health Sciences University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Blair M, Mitchell L, Palermo C, Gibson S. Trends, challenges, opportunities, and future needs of the dietetic workforce: a systematic scoping review. Nutr Rev 2021; 80:1027-1040. [PMID: 34532738 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuab071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Issues related to nutrition and health are prominent, yet it is unclear if the dietetics workforce is being used optimally. OBJECTIVE Trends, challenges, opportunities, and future needs of the international dietetic workforce are investigated in this review, which was registered with Open Science Framework (10.17605/OSF.IO/DXNWE). DATA SOURCES Eight academic and 5 grey-literature databases and the Google search engine were searched from 2010 onward according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) guidelines. Of 2050 articles screened, 184 were eligible for inclusion. DATA EXTRACTION To chart data, a directed content analysis and a constant comparison technique were used. DATA ANALYSIS The following 13 themes were identified: 1) emerging or expanding areas of practice; 2) skill development; 3) economic considerations; 4) nutrition informatics; 5) diversity within the workforce; 6) specific areas of practice; 7) further education; 8) intrapersonal factors; 9) perceptions of the profession; 10) protecting the scope of practice; 11) support systems; 12) employment outcomes; and 13) registration or credentialing. CONCLUSIONS The dietetics profession is aware of the need to expand into diverse areas of employment. Comprehensive workforce data are necessary to facilitate workforce planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merran Blair
- M. Blair and C. Palermo are with the Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food, Monash University, Notting Hill, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lana Mitchell
- L. Mitchell is with the School of Allied Health Sciences, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Queensland, Australia
| | - Claire Palermo
- M. Blair and C. Palermo are with the Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food, Monash University, Notting Hill, Victoria, Australia
| | - Simone Gibson
- S. Gibson is with the School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
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Vaillant MF, Agier L, Martineau C, Philipponneau M, Romand D, Masdoua V, Behar M, Nesseler C, Achamrah N, Laubé V, Lambert K, Dusquesnoy MN, Albaladejo L, Lathière T, Bosson JL, Fontaine E. Food intake and weight loss of surviving inpatients in the course of COVID-19 infection: A longitudinal study of the multicenter NutriCoviD30 cohort. Nutrition 2021; 93:111433. [PMID: 34482098 PMCID: PMC8314865 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2021.111433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Objectives NutriCoviD30 is a longitudinal multicenter cohort study that aimed to provide nutritional objective data of inpatients during COVID-19 infection. The aims of this study were to describe the nutritional effects of COVID-19 infection on adult inpatients on the short- to mid-term (≤30 d after hospital discharge), using food intake and weight measurements and to identify factors associated with a decrease in food intake and weight. Methods Food intake and weight trajectories, as well as clinical signs of the disease, preexisting chronic diseases, and nutritional strategies were collected and analyzed during the course of the disease. Their association was estimated using mixed-effect regression modeling. Patients were recruited from French university hospitals from May to July 2020. For the 403 included patients (mean 62.2 ± 14.2 y of age; 63% men), median (interquartile range [IQR]) hospital length of stay was 13 d (IQR = 8, 20), and 30% of patients were admitted to the intensive care unit. Results Patients declared a median 70% food intake decrease in the acute phase, and the disease resulted in an average loss of 8% of predisease weight (corresponding to –6.5 kg). Although most patients recovered their usual food intake 1 month after hospital discharge, they only regained half of their weight loss, such that malnutrition, which affected 67% of patients during hospitalization, persisted in 41%. Patients with overweight, obesity, and diabetes reported an additional weight loss of >1.5% of their initial bodyweight during hospitalization and recovery phase. Conclusions To prevent malnutrition and its long-term effects, mainly combined with a rapid weight loss predominantly affecting lean body mass, implementation of nutritional support is needed for COVID-19 inpatients. It should be started early in the course of the infection, and be extended up to the recovery phase.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lydiane Agier
- Data-stat Department, Grenoble Alpes University Hospital, Grenoble, France
| | - Caroline Martineau
- Dietetics Department, Toulouse University Hospital, Hôpital La Grave, Toulouse, France
| | - Manon Philipponneau
- Dietetics Department, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Croix-Rousse Hospital, Lyon, France
| | - Dorothée Romand
- Dietetics Department, AP-HP, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France
| | | | - Marie Behar
- Dietetics Department, AP-HP, Bichat Hospital, Paris, France
| | | | - Najate Achamrah
- Department of Nutrition, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France
| | | | - Karine Lambert
- Dietetics Department, AP-HP, Tenon Hospital, Paris, France
| | | | - Laura Albaladejo
- Dietetics Department, Grenoble Alpes University Hospital, Grenoble, France
| | - Thomas Lathière
- Physiotherapy School, Grenoble Alpes University Hospital, Grenoble, France
| | - Jean-Luc Bosson
- ThEMAS Team, TIMC-IMAG Laboratory, Grenoble Alpes University, and Data-stat Department, Grenoble Alpes University Hospital, Grenoble, France
| | - Eric Fontaine
- Laboratory of Fundamental and Applied and Bioenergetics, Grenoble Alpes University, and Department of Nutrition, Grenoble Alpes University Hospital, Grenoble, France
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May R, Sehgal AR, Hand RK. Changes in US Dialysis Dietitian Responsibilities and Patient Needs During the COVID-19 Pandemic. J Ren Nutr 2021; 32:112-119. [PMID: 34465503 PMCID: PMC8313484 DOI: 10.1053/j.jrn.2021.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study described the job responsibilities and modalities of care among dialysis dietitians in the United States and their observations regarding the nutrition needs of their patients, during the COVID-19 pandemic. DESIGN AND METHODS Cross-sectional online survey captures dietitian characteristics and responsibilities, dialysis facility characteristics, and patient needs. We recruited US dialysis dietitians. We used chi-square tests to compare respondent stress and facility-level policies regarding eating/drinking and oral nutrition supplements based on facility ownership type. RESULTS We received 191 complete or partial survey responses. Sixty-three percent of respondents stated that their center banned eating/drinking during dialysis due to COVID-19 masking policies. DaVita and non-profit facilities were significantly more likely to still allow eating/drinking during dialysis (31% and 29%, respectively) compared to Fresenius facilities (7%). A common theme in open-ended responses regarding nutrition care for COVID-19-positive patients was providing less care to these patients. A majority of respondents admitted to stress from working in healthcare during COVID-19. The majority of respondents indicated that patients were taking precautions such as having a family member or friend grocery shop for them (69%) or going to the store less often (60%). Just over a quarter of respondents indicated that affordability of food was a concern among patients. Seventy-two percent reported that patients were cooking at home more often, 60% had observed an increase in serum phosphorus, and 72% an increase in interdialytic weight gain. CONCLUSIONS Due to the increased risk of malnutrition and symptoms that can affect dietary intake in COVID-positive patients, and the economic conditions leading to increased rates of food insecurity, dietitians must be proactive in preventing and/or treating malnutrition through adequate protein and energy intake. Eating/drinking bans should not become permanent and dialysis centers should take precautions to allow intradialytic meals and oral nutrition supplement protocols to continue during the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachael May
- At the time of submission, Department of Nutrition, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio; At the time of publication, Clinical Dietitian, Banner Health, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Ashwini R Sehgal
- Department of Medicine and Institute for H.O.P.E, The MetroHealth System, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Rosa K Hand
- Department of Nutrition, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio.
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Rozga M, Cheng FW, Handu D. Effects of Probiotics in Conditions or Infections Similar to COVID-19 on Health Outcomes: An Evidence Analysis Center Scoping Review. J Acad Nutr Diet 2021; 121:1841-1854. [PMID: 32807723 PMCID: PMC7369585 DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2020.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Probiotics have been suggested as a potential intervention for improving outcomes, particularly ventilatory-associated pneumonia, in patients infected with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). However, with the rapid development of the COVID-19 pandemic, there is little direct evidence available in infected patients. The objective of this scoping review is to examine the availability and nature of literature describing the effect of probiotics in adults with conditions or infections similar to COVID-19 infection on related health outcomes. MEDLINE, Cumulative Index to Nursing & Allied Health Literature, and Cochrane Databases were searched for studies published from 1999 to May 1, 2020, examining the effect of probiotics in conditions applicable to individuals infected with COVID-19, including, but not limited to, other forms of coronavirus, critical illness, and mechanical ventilation. The databases search identified 1925 unique articles, 77 full-text articles were reviewed, and 48 studies were included in this scoping review, including 31 primary studies and 17 systematic reviews. Primary studies examined a range of interventions that varied by probiotic diversity and types, including 8 studies that focused on synbiotics, which include both pre- and probiotics. Several systematic reviews examined the effect of probiotics on ventilator-associated pneumonia and other infections. Although most systematic reviews concluded probiotics may improve these outcomes, most systematic review authors concluded that the evidence was low in quality and high in heterogeneity. In the absence of direct evidence with patients infected with COVID-19, studies in comparable populations are currently the best resource to guide probiotics interventions in conjunction with clinical expertise and multidisciplinary health care planning.
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Martino M, Salvio G, Cutini M, Arnaldi G, Balercia G. COVID-19 and endocrine and metabolic disorders: critical points and suggestions for a correct therapeutic management from a tertiary endocrine center in Italy. Minerva Endocrinol (Torino) 2021; 47:117-126. [PMID: 34309348 DOI: 10.23736/s2724-6507.21.03523-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The Coronavirus-19 (COVID-19) pandemic, which began in December 2019 in Wuhan, China, has spread rapidly worldwide, affecting mostly frail individuals and resulting in high lethality among people with chronic conditions. The management of chronic endocrine disorders during the pandemic period proved particularly challenging, as they require close physician-patient contact for proper long-term management. In addition, acute endocrinologic conditions that presented during the COVID-19 period required timely management in an unusual clinical setting, providing an ongoing challenge for clinicians. This article summarizes the most recent guidance on the management and therapy of frequent conditions such as diabetes and osteoporosis and less common endocrine disorders (e.g., adrenal insufficiency) in this setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianna Martino
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Umberto I Hospital, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Gianmaria Salvio
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Umberto I Hospital, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Melissa Cutini
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Umberto I Hospital, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Giorgio Arnaldi
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Umberto I Hospital, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Balercia
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Umberto I Hospital, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy -
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Kurtz A, Grant K, Marano R, Arrieta A, Grant K, Feaster W, Steele C, Ehwerhemuepha L. Long-term effects of malnutrition on severity of COVID-19. Sci Rep 2021; 11:14974. [PMID: 34294743 PMCID: PMC8298504 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-94138-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic is a public health crisis that has the potential to exacerbate worldwide malnutrition. This study examines whether patients with a history of malnutrition are predisposed to severe COVID-19. To do so, data on 103,099 COVID-19 inpatient encounters from 56 hospitals in the United States between March 2020 and June 2020 were retrieved from the Cerner COVID-19 Dataset. Patients with a history of malnutrition between 2015 and 2019 were identified, and a random intercept logistic regression models for pediatric and adult patients were built controlling for patient demographics, socioeconomic status, admission vital signs, and related comorbidities. Statistical interactions between malnutrition and patient age were significant in both the pediatric [log-odds and 95% confidence interval: 0.094 (0.012, 0.175)] and adult [- 0.014 (- 0.021, - 0.006] models. These interactions, together with the main effect terms of malnutrition and age, imply higher odds for severe COVID-19 for children between 6 and 17 years with history of malnutrition. Even higher odds of severe COVID-19 exist for adults (with history of malnutrition) between 18 and 79 years. These results indicate that the long-term effect of malnutrition predisposes patients to severe COVID-19 in an age-dependent way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alec Kurtz
- Albany Medical College, 43 New Scotland Avenue, Albany, NY, 12208, USA
| | - Kenneth Grant
- Children's Hospital of Orange County, 1201 W La Veta Ave, Orange, CA, 92868, USA
| | - Rachel Marano
- Children's Hospital of Orange County, 1201 W La Veta Ave, Orange, CA, 92868, USA
| | - Antonio Arrieta
- Children's Hospital of Orange County, 1201 W La Veta Ave, Orange, CA, 92868, USA
| | - Kenneth Grant
- Albany Medical College, 43 New Scotland Avenue, Albany, NY, 12208, USA
| | - William Feaster
- Children's Hospital of Orange County, 1201 W La Veta Ave, Orange, CA, 92868, USA
| | - Caroline Steele
- Children's Hospital of Orange County, 1201 W La Veta Ave, Orange, CA, 92868, USA
| | - Louis Ehwerhemuepha
- Children's Hospital of Orange County, 1201 W La Veta Ave, Orange, CA, 92868, USA. .,Schmid College of Science, Chapman University, 1 University Drive, Orange, CA, 92866, USA.
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Providing Food and Nutrition Services during the COVID-19 Surge at the Javits New York Medical Station. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18147430. [PMID: 34299881 PMCID: PMC8305190 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18147430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 07/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Military field hospitals typically provide essential medical care in combat zones. In recent years, the United States (US) Army has deployed these facilities to assist domestic humanitarian emergency and natural disaster response efforts. As part of the nation’s whole-of-government approach to the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, directed by the Federal Emergency Management Agency and the Department of Health and Human Services, during New York City’s (NYC) initial surge of COVID-19, from 26 March to 1 May 2020, the US Army erected the Javits New York Medical Station (JNYMS) field hospital to support the city’s overwhelmed healthcare system. The JNYMS tasked a nutrition operations team (NuOp) to provide patient meals and clinical nutrition evaluations to convalescent COVID-19 patients. However, few guidelines were available for conducting emergency nutrition and dietary response efforts prior to the field hospital’s opening. In this case study, we summarize the experiences of the NuOp at the JNYMS field hospital, to disseminate the best practices for future field hospital deployments. We then explain the challenges in service performance, due to information, personnel, supply, and equipment shortages. We conclude by describing the nutrition service protocols that have been implemented to overcome these challenges, including creating a standardized recordkeeping system for patient nutrition information, developing a meal tracking system to forecast meal requirements with food service contractors, and establishing a training and staffing model for military-to-civilian command transition. We highlight the need for a standardized humanitarian emergency nutrition service response framework and propose a Nutrition Response Toolkit for Humanitarian Crises, which offers low-cost, easily adaptable operational protocols for implementation in future field hospital deployments.
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Papadopoulou SK, Mantzorou M, Koutridou D, Tassoulas E, Sakellaropoulou S, Biskanaki F, Xatziapostolou E, Papandreou D. COVID-19 disease, obesity and micronutrients: an updated narrative review of the literature. NUTRITION & FOOD SCIENCE 2021; 51:808-824. [DOI: 10.1108/nfs-08-2020-0310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023]
Abstract
PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to critically summarize the current data concerning the impact of obesity and micronutrient adequacy and supplementation on the risk and severity of COVID-19 disease, and their potential impact on treatment and rehabilitation.Design/methodology/approachPubMed, Scopus and Google Scholar databases were thoroughly searched to identify studies concerning obesity and nutritional status, vitamin and other micronutrients adequacy with COVID-19 severity.FindingsIndividuals with higher body mass index are in greater risk of severe disease and need for mechanical ventilation. Concerning micronutrient adequacy, no published studies at the present time have evaluated the effect of supplementation on the risk and the treatment of the novel disease.Originality/valueRecently, COVID-19 has monopolized the interest of the medical community regarding diet and nutritional status and it possibly plays an important role in disease severity.
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Pérez-Rodríguez P, Díaz de Bustamante M, Aparicio Mollá S, Arenas MC, Jiménez-Armero S, Lacosta Esclapez P, González-Espinoza L, Bermejo Boixareu C. Functional, cognitive, and nutritional decline in 435 elderly nursing home residents after the first wave of the COVID-19 Pandemic. Eur Geriatr Med 2021; 12:1137-1145. [PMID: 34165775 PMCID: PMC8222945 DOI: 10.1007/s41999-021-00524-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Aim To compare functional, cognitive, and nutritional status before and after COVID-19 pandemic among institutionalized older adults. Findings High frequencies of functional, cognitive, emotional, and nutritional decline were found after the first wave of COVID19 pandemic independently of the infection. Message Health workers and managers should take measures to prevent this decline in institutionalized elderly and its potential adverse effects. Purpose Many institutionalized older people have died during the first wave of COVID-19. Other related consequences have not yet been described objectively. The aim of this study was to compare functional, cognitive, and nutritional status before and after the first wave among nursing home residents, in both COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 patients. Methods Older adults institutionalized in four nursing homes were assessed from May to June 2020, by a geriatric multidisciplinary team in collaboration with the nursing homes staff. Comprehensive geriatric assessment was performed including functional, cognitive, and nutritional variables before and after the first wave of the pandemic. Data from residents with positive results for microbiological testing for SARS-CoV-2 were compared with those who did not. Results 435 nursing home residents were included. The median age was 86.77 ± 8.5 years, 78.4% were women. 190 (43.9%) tested positive for coronavirus. Functional decline after the first wave was detected in 20.2% according to the Barthel Index and in 18.5% according to functional ambulation categories, p < 0.001. Cognitive status worsened by 22 and 25.9% according to the global deterioration scale (p < 0.001) and Lobo’s Mini-Examen Cognoscitivo (p 0.01), respectively. Onset of depressive symptoms was found in 48% (p < 0.001). The prevalence of malnutrition increased by 36.8 and 38.4% lost weight. When comparing the functional, cognitive, and nutritional decline between COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 patients no clinical or statistically significant differences were found except for the presence of prior malnutrition, higher in the COVID-19 group. Conclusion We observed a significative functional, cognitive, and nutritional decline in institutionalized elderly after the first wave of COVID-19. These results may be caused by the lockdown itself, since no differences have been found between COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 patients. According to these results, interventions are necessary during social isolation or confinement to prevent systemic decline in the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Pérez-Rodríguez
- Geriatrics Department, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro Majadahonda, C/ Joaquín Rodrigo, 2, Majadahonda, 28220, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Macarena Díaz de Bustamante
- Geriatrics Department, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro Majadahonda, C/ Joaquín Rodrigo, 2, Majadahonda, 28220, Madrid, Spain
| | - Salvador Aparicio Mollá
- Geriatrics Department, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro Majadahonda, C/ Joaquín Rodrigo, 2, Majadahonda, 28220, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Caridad Arenas
- Geriatrics Department, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro Majadahonda, C/ Joaquín Rodrigo, 2, Majadahonda, 28220, Madrid, Spain
| | - Susana Jiménez-Armero
- Geriatrics Department, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro Majadahonda, C/ Joaquín Rodrigo, 2, Majadahonda, 28220, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Cristina Bermejo Boixareu
- Geriatrics Department, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro Majadahonda, C/ Joaquín Rodrigo, 2, Majadahonda, 28220, Madrid, Spain
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Vivanti A. Pilot investigation shows high sensitivity and specificity using an Abridged Subjective Global Assessment without physical examination in a tertiary hospital; pertinence for use amongst those without COVID-19 when physical distancing required during the pandemic. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2021; 44:463-465. [PMID: 34330506 PMCID: PMC8187736 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2021.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background Completing malnutrition assessments when physically distant has been an immediate challenge during the COVID-19 pandemic. Even during periods of physical distancing, continuing nutrition assessments amongst those without COVID-19 is vital given that high malnutrition prevalence exists in clinical settings. The investigation aim was to assess the reliability of utilising the validated Subjective Global Assessment (SGA) tool, without compared to with physical examination. Methodology Original paper-based SGA documentation from a hospital-wide audit was reassessed by a blinded experienced clinician using history alone without reviewing documented physical examination. Participants included adults admitted to a tertiary hospital with no maternity or obstetric services. Those terminally ill, undergoing end-of-life palliative care, with disordered eating or admitted to emergency or intensive care units were excluded. McNemar's test assessed paired categorical data. Cohen's kappa coefficient assessed inter- and intra-rater reliability. Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values were completed. Results There was no significant difference in malnutrition identification (p < 0.454) with 97% (473/489) of assessments identical. High sensitivity (87.2%, 68/78), specificity (98.9%, 405/411), positive (91.9%, 68/74) and negative (97.6%, 405/415) predictive values were evident. High inter- and intra-rater reliability was confirmed (kappa values 0.875 and 0.987). Conclusion The Abridged-SGA utilising the four key factors of the SGA history identified many malnourished amongst those without COVID-19 who otherwise would not be identified when physical distancing is required due to the pandemic. It did not overestimate malnutrition. Until alternative means of assessing physical parameters remotely are validated, the pragmatic value of practitioners' judgement when utilising the Abridged-SGA was confirmed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Vivanti
- Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Qld 4102, Australia; School of Human Movement and Nutrition Studies, University of Queensland, Qld 4072, Australia.
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43
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Samad N, Dutta S, Sodunke TE, Fairuz A, Sapkota A, Miftah ZF, Jahan I, Sharma P, Abubakar AR, Rowaiye AB, Oli AN, Charan J, Islam S, Haque M. Fat-Soluble Vitamins and the Current Global Pandemic of COVID-19: Evidence-Based Efficacy from Literature Review. J Inflamm Res 2021; 14:2091-2110. [PMID: 34045883 PMCID: PMC8149275 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s307333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The outbreak of pneumonia caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), later named COVID-19 by the World Health Organization (WHO), was initiated at Wuhan, Hubei, China, and there was a rapid spread of novel SARS-CoV-2 and the disease COVID-19 in late 2019. The entire world is now experiencing the challenge of COVID-19 infection. However, still very few evidence-based treatment options are available for the prevention and treatment of COVID-19 disease. The present review aims to summarize the publicly available information to give a comprehensive yet balanced scientific overview of all the fat-soluble vitamins concerning their role in SARS-CoV-2 virus infection. The roles of different fat-soluble vitamins and micronutrients in combating SARS-CoV-2 infection have been recently explored in several studies. There are various hypotheses to suggest their use to minimize the severity of COVID-19 infection. These vitamins are pivotal in the maintenance and modulation of innate and cell-mediated, and antibody-mediated immune responses. The data reported in recent literature demonstrate that deficiency in one or more of these vitamins compromises the patients’ immune response and makes them more vulnerable to viral infections and perhaps worse disease prognosis. Vitamins A, D, E, and K boost the body’s defense mechanism against COVID-19 infection and specifically prevent its complications such as cytokine storm and other inflammatory processes, leading to increased morbidity and mortality overemphasis. However, more detailed randomized double-blind clinical pieces of evidence are required to define the use of these supplements in preventing or reducing the severity of the COVID-19 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nandeeta Samad
- Department of Public Health, North South University, Dhaka, 1229, Bangladesh
| | - Siddhartha Dutta
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
| | | | - Adiba Fairuz
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Ashmita Sapkota
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10700, Thailand
| | | | - Iffat Jahan
- Department of Physiology, Eastern Medical College, Cumilla, Bangladesh
| | - Paras Sharma
- Department of Pharmacognosy, BVM College of Pharmacy, Gwalior, India
| | - Abdullahi Rabiu Abubakar
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Bayero University, Kano, Nigeria
| | - Adekunle Babajide Rowaiye
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Anambra State, Nigeria
| | - Angus Nnamdi Oli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Anambra State, Nigeria
| | - Jaykaran Charan
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Salequl Islam
- Department of Microbiology, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Mainul Haque
- Unit of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Defence Health, Universiti Pertahanan Nasional Malaysia (National Defence University of Malaysia), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Karkhanei B, Talebi Ghane E, Mehri F. Evaluation of oxidative stress level: total antioxidant capacity, total oxidant status and glutathione activity in patients with COVID-19. New Microbes New Infect 2021; 42:100897. [PMID: 34026228 PMCID: PMC8127525 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmni.2021.100897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), as a dangerous global pandemic, has led to high morbidity and mortality in all countries. There is a lot of evidence for the possible role of oxidative stress in COVID-19. In the present study, we aimed to measure the levels of glutathione (GSH), total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and total oxidant status (TOS) in the serum of patients with COVID-19. A total of 96 individuals with and without COVID-19 were enrolled and divided into four groups, including hospitalised group in non–intensive care units (non-ICU) (n = 35), hospitalised group in intensive care units with endotracheal intubation (EI) (ICU with EI) (n = 19), hospitalised group in intensive care units without endotracheal intubation (ICU without EI) (n = 24) and healthy people without COVID-19 disease as our control group (n = 18). The present study revealed that the TOS level was significantly lower in the group of control (p = 0.001), and level of GSH remarkably increased in the patients' groups (p < 0.001). TAC activity in non-ICU group of patients had no significant difference in comparison with the control group. However, in hospitalised patients' groups in the ICU with and without EI this activity was significantly different from the control group (p < 0.001). Moreover, there was a significant relationship between the levels of TOS, GSH and TAC with blood oxygen saturation (SpO2), fever, duration of hospitalisation and the prognosis of this disease (p < 0.001). Area under the curve (CI, 95%) of TOS, TAC and GSH-C to predict death among patients were, respectively, 0.907 (0.841, 0.973), 0.735 (0.626, 0.843) and 0.820 (0.725, 0.914). Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed that TOS, TAC and GSH-C have the potential specificity and sensitivity to distinguish between alive and dead patients. We found that elevated levels of oxidative stress and reduction of antioxidant indices can aggravate disease's severity in hospitalised patients with COVID-19. Therefore, it can be suggested to apply antioxidant agents as one of the effective therapeutic strategies in these groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Karkhanei
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - E Talebi Ghane
- Modeling of Noncommunicable Disease Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - F Mehri
- Nutrition Health Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
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COVID-19 in Patients with Cancer. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1318:315-331. [PMID: 33973186 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-63761-3_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
With more than 5 million cases and 333,212 deaths, COVID-19 (or SARS-CoV-2) continues to spread. General symptoms of this disease are similar to that of many other viral respiratory diseases, including fever, cough, dyspnea, and fatigue, with a chance of progression to more severe complications. However, the virus does not affect all people equally, and cases with comorbidities such as malignancies, cardiovascular diseases, respiratory diseases, and kidney diseases are at higher risk of developing severe events, including requiring intensive ventilation, intensive care unit (ICU) admission, and death. Patients with cancer are more likely to be infected with COVID-19, which is possibly due to their immunological dysfunction or frequent clinic visits. Also, there is a higher chance that these patients experience severe events because of the medication they receive. In this chapter, we will review the main clinical manifestations of COVID-19 in patients with cancer. Recommendations and challenges for managing resources, organizing cancer centers, treatment of COVID-19-infected cancer patients, and performing cancer research during this pandemic will also be discussed.
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Rothenberg E. Coronavirus Disease 19 from the Perspective of Ageing with Focus on Nutritional Status and Nutrition Management-A Narrative Review. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13041294. [PMID: 33919840 PMCID: PMC8070771 DOI: 10.3390/nu13041294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 04/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (COVID-19) has hit older adults harder due to a combination of age-related immunological and metabolic alterations. The aim of this review was to analyze the COVID-19 literature with respect to nutritional status and nutrition management in older adults. No studies only on people aged 65+ years were found, and documentation on those 80+ was rare. Age was found to be strongly associated with worse outcomes, and with poor nutritional status. Prevalence of malnutrition was high among severely and critically ill patients. The studies found a need for nutrition screening and management, and for nutrition support as part of follow-up after a hospital stay. Most tested screening tools showed high sensitivity in identifying nutritional risk, but none were recognized as best for screening older adults with COVID-19. For diagnosing malnutrition, the Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) criteria are recommended but were not used in the studies found. Documentation of olfactory and gustatory dysfunction in relation to nutritional status is missing in older adults. Other COVID-19-associated factors with a possible impact on nutritional status are poor appetite and gastrointestinal symptoms. Vitamin D is the nutrient that has attracted the most interest. However, evidence for supplementation of COVID-19 patients is still limited and inconclusive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabet Rothenberg
- Faculty of Health Science, Kristianstad University, 291 88 Kristianstad, Sweden
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Osuna-Padilla I, Rodríguez-Moguel NC, Aguilar-Vargas A, Rodríguez-Llamazares S. Safety and tolerance of enteral nutrition in COVID-19 critically ill patients, a retrospective study. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2021; 43:495-500. [PMID: 34024561 PMCID: PMC7901378 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2021.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a lack of evidence about the tolerance of enteral nutrition (EN) in COVID-19 critically ill patients. However, several gastrointestinal manifestations related to COVID-19 have been described. The aims of this study were to analyze the incidence of gastrointestinal intolerance (GI) associated to EN (diarrhea, vomiting, gastroparesis and constipation) and to describe energy/protein provision along with biochemical alterations during the first week of EN. METHODS A retrospective cohort of COVID-19 critically ill patients under mechanical ventilation. We reported daily enteral nutrition infusion and gastrointestinal manifestations within the first week of intubation and enteral nutrition initiation. RESULTS Fifty-two patients were included; 40.3% were overweight and 46.2% were obese. During the first 7 days of EN, manifestations of GI intolerance such as vomiting, diarrhea and gastroparesis were present in 18 patients (32.4%). Hypernatremia (39%) was the most frequent electrolyte abnormality. Only Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) diagnosis was associated with a higher energy deficit on day 7. No associations between drug prescription and GI intolerance were observed. On day 4, 94.5% of patients were receiving more than 80% of energy requirements and 94.2% of protein requirements. Accumulated energy and protein deficits at day 3 were 2171.2 ± 945 kcal and 114.9 ± 49.2 g, respectively; and 2586.4 ± 1151 kcal, 133.3 ± 60.4 g at day 7. CONCLUSION Enteral nutrition is feasible and well-tolerated in COVID-19 patients with mechanical ventilation within the first week of enteral nutrition initiation. More studies are needed to elucidate the impact of nutritional therapy on infection course and outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iván Osuna-Padilla
- Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, México City, Mexico
| | | | - Adriana Aguilar-Vargas
- Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, México City, Mexico.
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48
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Dabone C, Mbagwu I, Muray M, Ubangha L, Kohoun B, Etowa E, Nare H, Kiros G, Etowa J. Global Food Insecurity and African, Caribbean, and Black (ACB) Populations During the COVID-19 Pandemic: a Rapid Review. J Racial Ethn Health Disparities 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s40615-021-00973-1 [doi]] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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49
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Dabone C, Mbagwu I, Muray M, Ubangha L, Kohoun B, Etowa E, Nare H, Kiros G, Etowa J. Global Food Insecurity and African, Caribbean, and Black (ACB) Populations During the COVID-19 Pandemic: a Rapid Review. J Racial Ethn Health Disparities 2021; 9:420-435. [PMID: 33559109 PMCID: PMC7870023 DOI: 10.1007/s40615-021-00973-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Background The global food insecurity reinforces the ongoing impact of COVID-19 on human health and mortality. Although literature remained sparse, reports indicated that food insecurity is disproportionately high among African, Caribbean, and Black (ACB) population since the outset of COVID-19. Hence, we assessed the food insecurity conditions of ACB populations globally during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods Comprehensive searches in CINAHL, Medline (Ovid), PubMed (Medline), Food Science and Technology Abstracts, SCOPUS, EMBASE, AMED, CAB Abstracts, Cochrane Library (OVID), and PsycINFO were carried out. Title/abstract and full-text screening, quality appraisal (modified JBI QARI), and data extraction were carried out by double reviewers. Results The initial search yielded 354 articles. After removal of duplicates and irrelevant articles, a full-text review and critical appraisal, 9 papers were included in the study. After data extraction and synthesis, six major themes emerged from the analysis: increased food insecurity, adverse health outcomes of food insecurity, exacerbation of existing disparities, systemic inequities and adverse policies, racism, and sociocultural response and solutions. Conclusion/implications The study showed that COVID-19 had exacerbated food insecurity and other health disparities within racialized populations including ACB people, due to systemic anti-Black racism; inadequate representation in decision-making; and issues of cultural appropriateness and competency of health services. While sociocultural response by ACB people through the expansion of their social capital is imperative, specific policies easing access to food, medicine, and shelter for racialized communities will ensure equity while reducing global food insecurity and health crises during the COVID-19 pandemic. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40615-021-00973-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles Dabone
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada. .,Canadians of African Descent Health Organization (CADHO), Ottawa, Canada.
| | - Ikenna Mbagwu
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada. .,Canadians of African Descent Health Organization (CADHO), Ottawa, Canada.
| | - Mwali Muray
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada.,Canadians of African Descent Health Organization (CADHO), Ottawa, Canada
| | - Lovelyn Ubangha
- Canadians of African Descent Health Organization (CADHO), Ottawa, Canada
| | - Bagnini Kohoun
- Canadians of African Descent Health Organization (CADHO), Ottawa, Canada.,Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Egbe Etowa
- Canadians of African Descent Health Organization (CADHO), Ottawa, Canada.,Department of Sociology, Anthropology & Criminology, Faculty of Arts, Humanities & Social Sciences, University of Windsor, Windsor, Canada
| | - Hilary Nare
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada.,Canadians of African Descent Health Organization (CADHO), Ottawa, Canada
| | - Getachew Kiros
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada.,Canadians of African Descent Health Organization (CADHO), Ottawa, Canada
| | - Josephine Etowa
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada.,Canadians of African Descent Health Organization (CADHO), Ottawa, Canada
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Formisano E, Di Maio P, Ivaldi C, Sferrazzo E, Arieta L, Bongiovanni S, Panizzi L, Valentino E, Pasta A, Giudice M, Demontis S. Nutritional therapy for patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): Practical protocol from a single center highly affected by an outbreak of the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. Nutrition 2021; 82:111048. [PMID: 33277149 PMCID: PMC7645291 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2020.111048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) carries a high risk for malnutrition owing to the state of debilitation that results from acute respiratory failure symptoms. The aim of this study was to provide an approach to reduce the risk for malnutrition and improve patients' clinical outcomes. METHODS Short age-adjusted Nutritional Risk Screening was performed with 94 non-intensive care unit (ICU) patients admitted to the Giovanni Borea Civil Hospital in Sanremo. Forty-nine patients in the ICU were considered at risk for malnutrition without screening and were fed with enteral nutrition plus supplemental parenteral nutrition. In the non-ICU setting, patients underwent a personalized nutritional protocol, considering their conditions, which consisted of a high-protein and high-calorie pureed diet, oral nutritional supplements, and/or artificial nutrition or other personalized nutritional path. RESULTS The nutritional treatment was well tolerated by the patients. Of the non-ICU patients, 19.1% died. They were mainly women, with higher body mass indices and older in age. Of the patients in the ICU, 53.1% died. Of the 94 non-ICU patients, 72 scored positive on at least one nutritional risk screening item (excluding age). Of the 94 non-ICU patients, 68 were >70 y of age. Non-ICU patients whose energy and protein needs were not met were older (P = 0.01) and had a higher death rate than patients whose needs were met (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS This protocol should not be considered as a guideline; rather, it is intended to report the clinical experience of a nutrition team in an Italian reference center for the treatment of patients with COVID-19. Nutritional strategies should be implemented to prevent worsening of clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Formisano
- Nutritional Unit, Giovanni Borea Civil Hospital, Sanremo, Italy
| | - Pasquale Di Maio
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Giovanni Borea Civil Hospital, Sanremo, Italy
| | - Cecilia Ivaldi
- Nutritional Unit, Giovanni Borea Civil Hospital, Sanremo, Italy
| | - Elsa Sferrazzo
- Nutritional Unit, Giovanni Borea Civil Hospital, Sanremo, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Elena Valentino
- Nutritional Unit, Giovanni Borea Civil Hospital, Sanremo, Italy
| | - Andrea Pasta
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, Genova, Italy
| | - Marco Giudice
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Giovanni Borea Civil Hospital, Sanremo, Italy
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