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Aminsobahni E, Hosseini M, Gholizadeh N, Soltani-Zangbar MS, Savari G, Motlagh Asghari K, Pourlak T, Zolfaghari M, Chakari-Khiavi F, Motavalli R, Chakari-Khiavi A, Shekarchi AA, Mahmoodpoor A, Ahmadian Heris J, Pouya K, Mehdizadeh A, Babalou Z, Yousefi M. T Lymphocyte Characteristic Changes Under Serum Cytokine Deviations and Prognostic Factors of COVID-19 in Pregnant Women. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2024; 196:4366-4381. [PMID: 37947946 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-023-04775-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Physiological changes during pregnancy make the individuals more susceptible to severe respiratory diseases. Hence, pregnant women with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are likely at a higher risk. We investigated the effects of COVID-19 on T cell response and serum cytokine profile in pregnant patients. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of women with COVID-19 were collected during the first trimester of pregnancy, and the percentage of total lymphocytes, as well as CD4 + and CD8 + T cells, was assessed using flow cytometry. The expression of the programmed death-1 (PD-1) marker for exhausted T cells was evaluated. Additionally, the serum samples were provided to evaluate the levels of antiviral and proinflammatory cytokines, as well as laboratory serological tests. Pregnant women with COVID-19 presented lymphopenia with diminished CD4 + and CD8 + T cells. Besides, high expression levels of the PD-1 gene and protein were observed on PBMCs and T cells, respectively, when compared with normal pregnant individuals. Moreover, serum levels of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, and IL-2 receptor were notably enhanced, while IFN-I α/β values were significantly decreased in the patients when compared with controls. Furthermore, hyperlipidemia, hyperglycemia, and hypertension were directly correlated with the disease although serum albumin and vitamin D3 levels adversely affected the viral infection. Our study showed extreme lymphopenia and poor T cell response while elevated values of serum inflammatory cytokines in infected pregnant women. Moreover, a hypertension background or metabolic changes, including hyperlipidemia, hyperglycemia, and vitamin D3 or albumin deficiency, might be promising prognostic factors in pregnant women with COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehsan Aminsobahni
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Hosseini
- Trauma Research Center, Shahid Rajaee (Emtiaz) Trauma Hospital, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Nasim Gholizadeh
- Department of Dermatology, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Mohammad Sadegh Soltani-Zangbar
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Golaleh Savari
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Tannaz Pourlak
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammadali Zolfaghari
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Roza Motavalli
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Aref Chakari-Khiavi
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Ali Akbar Shekarchi
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ata Mahmoodpoor
- Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Javad Ahmadian Heris
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Pediatric Hospital, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Khadijeh Pouya
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Amir Mehdizadeh
- Hematology and Oncology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Zohreh Babalou
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mehdi Yousefi
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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Kim J, Qiao F, Singh AK, Won J, Singh I. Efficacies of S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO) and GSNO reductase inhibitor in SARS-CoV-2 spike protein induced acute lung disease in mice. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1304697. [PMID: 38143504 PMCID: PMC10748393 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1304697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which initially surfaced in late 2019, often triggers severe pulmonary complications, encompassing various disease mechanisms such as intense lung inflammation, vascular dysfunction, and pulmonary embolism. Currently, however, there's no drug addressing all these mechanisms simultaneously. This study explored the multi-targeting potential of S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO) and N6022, an inhibitor of GSNO reductase (GSNOR) on markers of inflammatory, vascular, and thrombotic diseases related to COVID-19-induced acute lung disease. For this, acute lung disease was induced in C57BL/6 mice through intranasal administration of recombinant SARS-CoV-2 spike protein S1 domain (SP-S1). The mice exhibited fever, body weight loss, and increased blood levels and lung expression of proinflammatory cytokines (e.g., TNF-α and IL-6) as well as increased vascular inflammation mediated by ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 and lung infiltration by immune cells (e.g., neutrophils, monocytes, and activated cytotoxic and helper T cells). Further, the mice exhibited increased lung hyperpermeability (lung Evans blue extravasation) leading to lung edema development as well as elevated blood coagulation factors (e.g., fibrinogen, thrombin, activated platelets, and von Willebrand factor) and lung fibrin deposition. Similar to the patients with COVID-19, male mice showed more severe disease than female mice, along with higher GSNOR expression in the lungs. Optimization of GSNO by treatment with exogenous GSNO or inhibition of GSNOR by N6022 (or GSNO knockout) protects against SP-S1-induced lung diseases in both genders. These findings provide evidence for the potential efficacies of GSNO and GSNOR inhibitors in addressing the multi-mechanistic nature of SARS-CoV-2 SP-associated acute-lung disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judong Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Fei Qiao
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Avtar K. Singh
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Service, Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Administration Medical Center, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Jeseong Won
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Inderjit Singh
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
- Research Service, Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Administration Medical Center, Charleston, SC, United States
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3
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Zhu J, Li X, Lv F, Zhou W. Bioinformatics Approach to Identify the Influences of COVID-19 on Ischemic Stroke. Biochem Genet 2023; 61:2222-2241. [PMID: 37184686 PMCID: PMC10184096 DOI: 10.1007/s10528-023-10366-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
As severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-COV-2) is becoming more infectious and less virulent, symptoms beyond the lungs of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients are a growing concern. Studies have found that the severity of COVID-19 patients is associated with an increased risk of ischemic stroke (IS); however, the underlying pathogenic mechanisms remain unknown. In this study, bioinformatics approaches were utilized to explore potential pathogenic mechanisms and predict potential drugs that may be useful in the treatment of COVID-19 and IS. The GSE152418 and GSE122709 datasets were downloaded from the GEO website to obtain the common differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of the two datasets for further functional enrichment, pathway analysis, and drug candidate prediction. A total of 80 common DEGs were identified in COVID-19 and IS datasets for GO and KEGG analysis. Next, the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed and hub genes were identified. Further, transcription factor-gene interactions and DEGs-miRNAs coregulatory network were investigated to explore their regulatory roles in disease. Finally, protein-drug interactions with common DEGs were analyzed to predict potential drugs. We successfully identified the top 10 hub genes that could serve as novel targeted therapies for COVID-19 and screened out some potential drugs for the treatment of COVID-19 and IS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiabao Zhu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Second Affliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Minde Road 1, Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Xiangui Li
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Second Affliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Minde Road 1, Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Fanzhen Lv
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Second Affliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Minde Road 1, Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Weimin Zhou
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Second Affliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Minde Road 1, Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province, China.
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4
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Sokolski M, Kalużna-Oleksy M, Tycińska A, Jankowska EA. Telemedicine in Heart Failure in the COVID-19 and Post-Pandemic Era: What Have We Learned? Biomedicines 2023; 11:2222. [PMID: 37626719 PMCID: PMC10452788 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11082222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Numerous studies showed that patients with heart failure (HF) and COVID-19 are at high risk of in-hospital complications and long-term mortality. Changes in the organisation of the medical system during the pandemic also worsened access to standard procedures, increasing the general mortality in HF and forcing the systems to be reorganised with the implementation and development of telemedical technologies. The main challenges for HF patients during the pandemic could be solved with new technologies aimed to limit the risk of SARS-CoV-2 transmission, optimise and titrate the therapy, prevent the progression and worsening of HF, and monitor patients with acute HF events in the course of and after COVID-19. Dedicated platforms, phone calls or video conferencing and consultation, and remote non-invasive and invasive cardiac monitoring became potential tools used to meet the aforementioned challenges. These solutions showed to be effective in the model of care for patients with HF and undoubtedly will be developed after the experience of the pandemic. However, the multitude of possibilities requires central coordination and collaboration between institutes with data protection and cost reimbursement to create effective mechanisms in HF management. It is crucial that lessons be learned from the pandemic experience to improve the quality of care for HF patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz Sokolski
- Institute of Heart Disease, Wrocław University Hospital, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-556 Wrocław, Poland
- Institute of Heart Diseases, University Hospital, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Marta Kalużna-Oleksy
- Department of Cardiology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznań, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Tycińska
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-089 Białystok, Poland
| | - Ewa A. Jankowska
- Institute of Heart Disease, Wrocław University Hospital, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-556 Wrocław, Poland
- Institute of Heart Diseases, University Hospital, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
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5
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Casipit B, Tito S, Ogunmola I, Idowu A, Patil S, Lo K, Bozorgnia B. Outcomes among heart failure patients hospitalized for acute pulmonary embolism and COVID-19 infection: Insight from the National Inpatient Sample. Pulm Circ 2023; 13:e12229. [PMID: 37091122 PMCID: PMC10113514 DOI: 10.1002/pul2.12229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023] Open
Abstract
There is paucity of data regarding the outcomes of hospitalized acute pulmonary embolism (PE) patients with heart failure (HF) and Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection. We utilized the 2020 National Inpatient Sample (NIS) Database in conducting a retrospective cohort study to investigate the outcomes of hospitalized acute PE patients with HF and COVID-19, looking at its impact on in-hospital mortality, thrombolysis, and thrombectomy utilization as well as hospital length of stay (LOS). A total of 23,413 hospitalized acute PE patients with HF were identified in our study, of which 1.26% (n = 295/23,413) had COVID-19 infection. Utilizing a stepwise survey multivariable logistic regression model that adjusted for confounders, COVID-19 infection among acute PE patients with HF was found to be an independent predictor of overall in-hospital mortality (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 2.77; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.15-6.67; p = 0.023) and thrombolysis utilization (aOR: 5.52; 95% CI, 2.57-11.84; p ≤ 0.001) compared to those without COVID-19. However, there were comparable rates of thrombectomy utilization and LOS among acute PE patients with HF regardless of the COVID-19 infection status. On subgroup analysis, patients with HF with reduced ejection fraction was found to be associated with increased risk for in-hospital mortality (aOR: 3.89; 95% CI, 1.33-11.39; p = 0.013) and thrombectomy utilization (aOR: 4.58; 95% CI, 1.08-19.41; p = 0.042), whereas both HF subtypes were associated with increased thrombolysis utilization. COVID-19 infection among acute PE patients with HF was associated with higher over-all in-hospital mortality and increased thrombolysis utilization but had comparable hospital LOS as well as thrombectomy utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruce Casipit
- Department of MedicineEinstein Medical CenterPhiladelphiaUSA
- Department of Cardiovascular DiseaseEinstein Medical CenterPhiladelphiaUSA
| | - Sahana Tito
- Department of MedicineEinstein Medical CenterPhiladelphiaUSA
- Department of Cardiovascular DiseaseEinstein Medical CenterPhiladelphiaUSA
| | - Isaac Ogunmola
- Department of MedicineEinstein Medical CenterPhiladelphiaUSA
- Department of Cardiovascular DiseaseEinstein Medical CenterPhiladelphiaUSA
| | - Abiodun Idowu
- Department of MedicineEinstein Medical CenterPhiladelphiaUSA
- Department of Cardiovascular DiseaseEinstein Medical CenterPhiladelphiaUSA
| | - Shivaraj Patil
- Department of Cardiovascular DiseaseEinstein Medical CenterPhiladelphiaUSA
- Sidney Kimmel Medical CollegeThomas Jefferson UniversityPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Kevin Lo
- Department of MedicineEinstein Medical CenterPhiladelphiaUSA
- Department of Cardiovascular DiseaseEinstein Medical CenterPhiladelphiaUSA
| | - Behnam Bozorgnia
- Department of Cardiovascular DiseaseEinstein Medical CenterPhiladelphiaUSA
- Sidney Kimmel Medical CollegeThomas Jefferson UniversityPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
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6
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Correale M, Croella F, Leopizzi A, Mazzeo P, Tricarico L, Mallardi A, Fortunato M, Magnesa M, Ceci V, Puteo A, Iacoviello M, Di Biase M, Brunetti ND. The Evolving Phenotypes of Cardiovascular Disease during COVID-19 Pandemic. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 2023; 37:341-351. [PMID: 34328581 PMCID: PMC8322635 DOI: 10.1007/s10557-021-07217-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
COVID-19 pandemic has negatively impacted the management of patients with acute and chronic cardiovascular disease: acute coronary syndrome patients were often not timely reperfused, heart failure patients not adequately followed up and titrated, atrial arrhythmias not efficaciously treated and became chronic. New phenotypes of cardiovascular patients were more and more frequent during COVID-19 pandemic and are expected to be even more frequent in the next future in the new world shaped by the pandemic. We therefore aimed to briefly summarize the main changes in the phenotype of cardiovascular patients in the COVID-19 era, focusing on new clinical challenges and possible therapeutic options.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Francesca Croella
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Alessandra Leopizzi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Pietro Mazzeo
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Lucia Tricarico
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Adriana Mallardi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Martino Fortunato
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Michele Magnesa
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Ceci
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | | | - Massimo Iacoviello
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Matteo Di Biase
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
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7
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Association of COVID-19 with endocarditis in patients with cocaine or opioid use disorders in the US. Mol Psychiatry 2023; 28:543-552. [PMID: 36510003 PMCID: PMC9918660 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-022-01903-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of endocarditis in the US is increasing, driven in part by the rise in intravenous drug use, mostly opioids and stimulant drugs (cocaine and methamphetamine). Recent reports have documented that individuals with COVID-19 are at increased risk for cardiovascular diseases. However, it is unknown whether COVID-19 is associated with increased risk for endocarditis in patients with opioid or stimulant use disorders. This is a retrospective cohort study based on a nationwide database of electronic health records (EHRs) of 109 million patients in the US, including 736,502 patients with a diagnosis of opioid use disorder (OUD) and 379,623 patients with a diagnosis of cocaine use disorder (CocaineUD). Since Metamphetamine use disorder is not coded we could not analyze it. We show that the incidence rate of endocarditis among patients with OUD or CocaineUD significantly increased from 2011 to 2022 with acceleration during 2021-2022. COVID-19 was associated with increased risk of new diagnosis of endocarditis among patients with OUD (HR: 2.23, 95% CI: 1.92-2.60) and with CocaineUD (HR: 2.24, 95% CI: 1.79-2.80). Clinically diagnosed COVID-19 was associated with higher risk of endocarditis than lab-test confirmed COVID-19 without clinical diagnosis. Hospitalization within 2 weeks following COVID-19 infection was associated with increased risk of new diagnosis of endocarditis. The risk for endocarditis did not differ between patients with and without EHR-recorded vaccination. There were significant racial and ethnic differences in the risk for COVID-19 associated endocarditis, lower in blacks than in whites and lower in Hispanics than in non-Hispanics. Among patients with OUD or CocaineUD, the 180-day hospitalization risk following endocarditis was 67.5% in patients with COVID-19, compared to 58.7% in matched patients without COVID-19 (HR: 1.21, 95% CI: 1.07-1.35). The 180-day mortality risk following the new diagnosis of endocarditis was 9.2% in patients with COVID-19, compared to 8.0% in matched patients without COVID-19 (HR: 1.16, 95% CI: 0.83-1.61). This study shows that COVID-19 is associated with significantly increased risk for endocarditis in patients with opioid or cocaine use disorders. These results highlight the need for endocarditis screening and for linkage to infectious disease and addiction treatment in patients with opioid or cocaine use disorders who contracted COVID-19. Future studies are needed to understand how COVID-19 damages the heart and the vascular endothelium among people who misuse opioids or cocaine (presumably also methamphetamines).
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Vásquez-Guillén M, Vásquez-Guillén A, Inglessis-Aguilar JA, Contreras M, Carrero Y. Complicaciones Cardiovasculares asociadas a infección por SARS-CoV-2. Revisión Sistemática. KASMERA 2023. [DOI: 10.56903/kasmera.5137658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
El COVID-19 es una enfermedad que ha afectado a la población mundial, convirtiéndose en una de las peores pandemias de nuestra generación, representando un reto social y sanitario sin precedentes; afecta principalmente el sistema respiratorio, sin embargo, diversos estudios han demostrado el compromiso cardiovascular, generando preocupación, que se traduce en una mayor vulnerabilidad en los pacientes con patologías cardiovasculares subyacentes. Se ha establecido que la presencia de comorbilidades, como hipertensión, diabetes y enfermedad arterial coronaria, se asocian con tasas de mortalidad elevadas, afectando a pacientes cardiovasculares crónicos y causando alteraciones cardiovasculares en pacientes sin antecedentes, por lo cual es necesario el monitoreo de biomarcadores cardíacos para un mejor abordaje de la enfermedad. Estudios clínicos han evidenciado que la patología cardiovascular que principalmente se asocia al COVID-19 es la insuficiencia cardíaca (IC), que se manifiesta con un aumento en los niveles de troponina, miopericarditis, shock cardiogénico, lesión cardíaca aguda, trastornos de coagulación y trombosis, arritmias, además del síndrome coronario agudo y la enfermedad de Kawasaki. Este artículo es una revisión de las complicaciones cardíacas asociadas al COVID-19 y sus posibles mecanismos de acción, que permitan un mejor entendimiento por parte del personal médico y de salud (PROSPERO ID 316364).
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Affiliation(s)
- María Vásquez-Guillén
- Universidad de Los Andes. Facultad de Medicina. Departamento de Microbiología. Mérida-Mérida. Venezuela
| | - Andrea Vásquez-Guillén
- Universidad de Los Andes. Facultad de Medicina. Departamento de Microbiología. Mérida-Mérida. Venezuela
| | | | - Mike Contreras
- Universidad Federal de Goiás. Campus Colemar Natal e Silva. Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Publica. Área de imunologia. Goiânia-Goiás. Brasil
| | - Yenddy Carrero
- Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud. Carrera de Medicina. Campus Ingahurco. Ambato-Tungurahua. Ecuador
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Taman H, Mageed N, Elmorsy M, Elfayoumy S, Elawady M, Farid A, Abdelmonem M, Abdelbaser I. Heart rate variability as an indicator of COVID-19 induced myocardial injury: a retrospective cohort study. BMC Anesthesiol 2023; 23:17. [PMID: 36627579 PMCID: PMC9830621 DOI: 10.1186/s12871-023-01975-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heart rate variability (HRV) is a valuable indicator of autonomic nervous system integrity and can be a prognostic tool of COVID-19 induced myocardial affection. This study aimed to compare HRV indices between patients who developed myocardial injury and those without myocardial injury in COVID-19 patients who were admitted to intensive care unit (ICU). METHODS In this retrospective study, the data from 238 COVID-19 adult patients who were admitted to ICU from April 2020 to June 2021 were collected. The patients were assigned to myocardial injury and non-myocardial injury groups. The main collected data were R-R intervals, standard deviation of NN intervals (SDANN) and the root mean square of successive differences between normal heartbeats (RMSSD) that were measured daily during the first five days of ICU admission. RESULTS The R-R intervals, the SDANN and the RMSSD were significantly shorter in the myocardial injury group than the non-myocardial group at the first, t second, third, fourth and the fifth days of ICU admission. There were no significant differences between the myocardial injury and the non-myocardial injury groups with regard the number of patients who needed mechanical ventilation, ICU length of stay and the number of ICU deaths. CONCLUSIONS From the results of this retrospective study, we concluded that the indices of HRV were greatly affected in COVID-19 patients who developed myocardial injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hani Taman
- grid.10251.370000000103426662Department of Anesthesia and Surgical Intensive Care, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, 2 El-Gomhouria Street, Mansoura, 35516 Egypt
| | - Nabil Mageed
- grid.10251.370000000103426662Department of Anesthesia and Surgical Intensive Care, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, 2 El-Gomhouria Street, Mansoura, 35516 Egypt
| | - Mohamed Elmorsy
- grid.462079.e0000 0004 4699 2981Department of Anesthesia and Surgical Intensive Care, Faculty of Medicine, Damietta University, Damietta, Egypt
| | - Sherif Elfayoumy
- Department of Anesthesia and Surgical Intensive Care, Faculty of Medicine, Portsaid University, Portsaid, Egypt
| | - Mostafa Elawady
- grid.10251.370000000103426662Department of Anesthesia and Surgical Intensive Care, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, 2 El-Gomhouria Street, Mansoura, 35516 Egypt
| | - Ahmed Farid
- grid.10251.370000000103426662Department of Anesthesia and Surgical Intensive Care, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, 2 El-Gomhouria Street, Mansoura, 35516 Egypt
| | - Mohamed Abdelmonem
- grid.4827.90000 0001 0658 8800Swansea University Medical School, Swansea, UK
| | - Ibrahim Abdelbaser
- grid.10251.370000000103426662Department of Anesthesia and Surgical Intensive Care, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, 2 El-Gomhouria Street, Mansoura, 35516 Egypt
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10
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Pandrea I, Brooks K, Desai RP, Tare M, Brenchley JM, Apetrei C. I’ve looked at gut from both sides now: Gastrointestinal tract involvement in the pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 and HIV/SIV infections. Front Immunol 2022; 13:899559. [PMID: 36032119 PMCID: PMC9411647 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.899559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The lumen of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract contains an incredibly diverse and extensive collection of microorganisms that can directly stimulate the immune system. There are significant data to demonstrate that the spatial localization of the microbiome can impact viral disease pathogenesis. Here we discuss recent studies that have investigated causes and consequences of GI tract pathologies in HIV, SIV, and SARS-CoV-2 infections with HIV and SIV initiating GI pathology from the basal side and SARS-CoV-2 from the luminal side. Both these infections result in alterations of the intestinal barrier, leading to microbial translocation, persistent inflammation, and T-cell immune activation. GI tract damage is one of the major contributors to multisystem inflammatory syndrome in SARS-CoV-2-infected individuals and to the incomplete immune restoration in HIV-infected subjects, even in those with robust viral control with antiretroviral therapy. While the causes of GI tract pathologies differ between these virus families, therapeutic interventions to reduce microbial translocation-induced inflammation and improve the integrity of the GI tract may improve the prognoses of infected individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivona Pandrea
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Kelsie Brooks
- Barrier Immunity Section, Laboratory of Viral Diseases, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Rahul P. Desai
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Minali Tare
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Jason M. Brenchley
- Barrier Immunity Section, Laboratory of Viral Diseases, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Cristian Apetrei
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- *Correspondence: Cristian Apetrei,
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11
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Chu JY, Kaliwal Y, Koh M, Chen R, Chow CM, Ko DT, Liu PP, Moe GW. COVID-19 and its Cardiac and Neurological Complications among Ontario Visible Minorities. Can J Neurol Sci 2022; 49:504-513. [PMID: 34162448 PMCID: PMC8365110 DOI: 10.1017/cjn.2021.148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Due to lack of data on the epidemiology, cardiac, and neurological complications among Ontario visible minorities (Chinese and South Asians) affected by coronavirus disease (COVID-19), this population-based retrospective study was undertaken to study them systematically. METHODS From January 1, 2020 to September 30, 2020 using the last name algorithm to identify Ontario Chinese and South Asians who were tested positive by PCR for COVID-19, their demographics, cardiac, and neurological complications including hospitalization and emergency visit rates were analyzed compared to the general population. RESULTS Chinese (N = 1,186) with COVID-19 were found to be older (mean age 50.7 years) compared to the general population (N = 42,547) (mean age 47.6 years) (p < 0.001), while South Asians (N = 3,459) were younger (age of 42.1 years) (p < 0.001). The 30-day crude rate for cardiac complications among Chinese was 169/10,000 (p = 0.069), while for South Asians, it was 64/10,000 (p = 0.008) and, for the general population, it was 112/10,000. For neurological complications, the 30-day crude rate for Chinese was 160/10,000 (p < 0.001); South Asians was 40/10,000 (p = 0.526), and general population was 48/10,000. The 30-day all-cause mortality rate was significantly higher for Chinese at 8.1% vs 5.0% for the general population (p < 0.001), while it was lower in South Asians at 2.1% (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Chinese and South Asians in Ontario affected by COVID-19 during the first wave of the pandemic were found to have a significant difference in their demographics, cardiac, and neurological outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Y. Chu
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Toronto Western Hospital-University Health Network and William Osler Health System, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | | | | | - Robert Chen
- Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network and Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Chi-Ming Chow
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, St. Michael’s Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Dennis T. Ko
- ICES, Toronto, Canada
- Schulich Heart Program, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Sunnybrook Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Peter P. Liu
- University of Ottawa Heart Institute and Department of Medicine and Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Gordon W. Moe
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, St. Michael’s Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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12
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Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus, is a global pandemic impacting 254 million people in 190 countries. Comorbidities, particularly cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and hypertension, increase the risk of infection and poor outcomes. SARS-CoV-2 enters host cells through the angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 receptor, generating inflammation and cytokine storm, often resulting in multiorgan failure. The mechanisms and effects of COVID-19 on patients with high-risk diabetes are not yet completely understood. In this review, we discuss the variety of coronaviruses, structure of SARS-CoV-2, mutations in SARS-CoV-2 spike proteins, receptors associated with viral host entry, and disease progression. Furthermore, we focus on possible mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 in diabetes, leading to inflammation and heart failure. Finally, we discuss existing therapeutic approaches, unanswered questions, and future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandrakala Aluganti Narasimhulu
- Division of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Sciences, Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, United States
| | - Dinender K Singla
- Division of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Sciences, Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, United States
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13
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Epidemiology of COVID-19 and Its Cardiac and Neurologic Complications Among Chinese and South Asians in Ontario: Waves 1, 2, and 3. CJC Open 2022; 4:894-904. [PMID: 36254328 PMCID: PMC9568686 DOI: 10.1016/j.cjco.2022.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Although we had previously reported the cardiac and neurologic outcomes of Chinese and South Asian Ontarians in wave 1 of COVID-19, data on subsequent waves of COVID-19 remain unexamined. This is an extension study of this cohort in waves 2 and 3. Methods We identified adult Ontarians with a positive COVID-19 polymerase chain reaction test from January 1, 2020 to June 30, 2021, and they were classified as being Chinese or South Asian using a validated surname algorithm; we compared their outcomes of mortality, and cardiac and neurologic complications with those of the general population using multivariable logistic regression models. Results Compared to the general population (n = 439,977), the Chinese population (n = 15,208) was older (mean age 44.2 vs 40.6 years, P < 0.001) and the South Asian population (n = 46,333) was younger (39.2 years, P < 0.001). The Chinese population had a higher 30-day mortality (odds ratio [OR] 1.44; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.28-1.61) and more hospitalization or emergency department visits (OR, 1.14; 95% CI, 1.09-1.28), with a trend toward a higher incidence of cardiac complications (OR, 1.03; 95% CI, 0.87-1.12) and neurologic complications (OR, 1.23; 95% CI, 0.96-1.58). South Asians had a lower 30-day mortality (OR, 0.88; 95% CI, 0.78-0.98) but a higher incidence of hospitalization or emergency department visits (OR, 1.17; 95% CI, 1.14-1.20) with a trend toward a lower incidence of cardiac complications (OR, 0.76; 95% CI, 0.67-0.87) and neurologic complications (OR, 0.89; 95% CI, 0.73-1.09). There was also a significant difference in these outcomes between wave 1, 2 and 3, with a greater mortality in all groups in waves 2 and 3. Conclusions Ethnicity continues to be an important determinant of mortality, cardiac and neurologic outcomes, and healthcare use among patients with COVID-19, requiring further studies to understand factors driving these differences.
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14
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Zhang X, Wang B, Geng T, Liu D, Tian Q, Meng X, Zhang Q, Jiang M, Zhang Y, Song M, Wang W, Wang Y, Wang B. Causal associations between COVID-19 and atrial fibrillation: A bidirectional Mendelian randomization study. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2022; 32:1001-1009. [PMID: 35086766 PMCID: PMC8605875 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2021.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Observational studies showed that coronavirus disease (2019) (COVID-19) attacks universally and its most menacing progression uniquely endangers the elderly with cardiovascular disease (CVD). The causal association between COVID-19 infection or its severity and susceptibility of atrial fibrillation (AF) remains unknown. METHODS AND RESULTS The bidirectional causal relationship between COVID-19 (including COVID-19, hospitalized COVID-19 compared with not hospitalized COVID-19, hospitalized COVID-19 compared with the general population, and severe COVID-19) and AF are determined by using two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis. Genetically predicted severe COVID-19 was not significantly associated with the risk of AF [odds ratio (OR), 1.037; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.005-1.071; P = 0.023, q = 0.115]. In addition, genetically predicted AF was also not causally associated with severe COVID-19 (OR, 0.993; 95% CI, 0.888-1.111; P = 0.905, q = 0.905). There was no evidence to support the association between genetically determined COVID-19 and the risk of AF (OR, 1.111; 95% CI, 0.971-1.272; P = 0.127, q = 0.318), and vice versa (OR, 1.016; 95% CI, 0.976-1.058; P = 0.430, q = 0.851). Besides, no significant association was observed for hospitalized COVID-19 with AF. MR-Egger analysis indicated no evidence of directional pleiotropy. CONCLUSION Overall, this MR study provides no clear evidence that COVID-19 is causally associated with the risk of AF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sanbo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Biyan Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Geng
- Geriatric Department, Emergency General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Di Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Qiuyue Tian
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoni Meng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Qiaoyun Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Mengyang Jiang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sanbo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yiqiang Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sanbo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Manshu Song
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth 60127, Australia
| | - Wei Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth 60127, Australia; Centre for Precision Health, Edith Cowan University, Perth 6027, Australia
| | - Youxin Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth 60127, Australia.
| | - Baoguo Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sanbo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
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15
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Keshvani N, Mehta A, Alger HM, Rutan C, Williams J, Zhang S, Young R, Alhanti B, Chiswell K, Greene SJ, DeVore AD, Yancy CW, Fonarow GC, Pandey A. Heart Failure Quality of Care and In-Hospital Outcomes During the COVID-19 Pandemic Findings from the Get With The Guidelines-Heart Failure Registry. Eur J Heart Fail 2022; 24:1117-1128. [PMID: 35289038 PMCID: PMC9087396 DOI: 10.1002/ejhf.2484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims To assess heart failure (HF) in‐hospital quality of care and outcomes before and during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Methods and results Patients hospitalized for HF with ejection fraction (EF) <40% in the American Heart Association Get With The Guidelines©‐HF (GWTG‐HF) registry during the COVID‐19 pandemic (3/1/2020–4/1/2021) and pre‐pandemic (2/1/2019–2/29/2020) periods were included. Adherence to HF process of care measures, in‐hospital mortality, and length of stay (LOS) were compared in pre‐pandemic vs. pandemic periods and in patients with vs. without COVID‐19. Overall, 42 004 pre‐pandemic and 37 027 pandemic period patients (median age 68, 33% women, 58% White) were included without observed differences across clinical characteristics, comorbidities, vital signs, or EF. Utilization of guideline‐directed medical therapy at discharge was comparable across both periods, with rates of implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) placement or prescription lower during the pandemic (vs. pre‐pandemic period). In‐hospital mortality (3.0% vs. 2.5%, p <0.0001) and LOS (mean 5.7 vs. 5.4 days, p <0.0004) were higher during the pandemic vs. pre‐pandemic. The highest in‐hospital mortality during the pandemic was observed among patients hospitalized in the Northeast region (3.4%). Among patients concurrently diagnosed with COVID‐19 (n = 549; 1.5%), adherence to ICD placement or prescription, prescription of aldosterone antagonist or angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitor/angiotensin receptor blocker/angiotensin receptor–neprilysin inhibitor at discharge were lower, and in‐hospital mortality (8.2% vs. 3.0%, p <0.0001) and LOS (mean 7.7 vs. 5.7 days, p <0.0001) were higher than those without COVID‐19. Conclusion Among GWTG‐HF participating hospitals, patients hospitalized for HF with reduced EF during the pandemic received similar care quality but experienced higher in‐hospital mortality than the pre‐pandemic period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil Keshvani
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Anurag Mehta
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Stephen J Greene
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, NC.,Division of Cardiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC
| | - Adam D DeVore
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, NC.,Division of Cardiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC
| | - Clyde W Yancy
- Division of Cardiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Gregg C Fonarow
- Ahmanson-UCLA Cardiomyopathy Center, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Ambarish Pandey
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
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16
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Tabynov K, Orynbassar M, Yelchibayeva L, Turebekov N, Yerubayev T, Matikhan N, Yespolov T, Petrovsky N, Tabynov K. A Spike Protein-Based Subunit SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine for Pets: Safety, Immunogenicity, and Protective Efficacy in Juvenile Cats. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:815978. [PMID: 35372556 PMCID: PMC8967242 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.815978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Whereas, multiple vaccine types have been developed to curb the spread of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) among humans, there are very few vaccines being developed for animals including pets. To combat the threat of human-to-animal, animal-to-animal, and animal-to-human transmission and the generation of new virus variants, we developed a subunit SARS-CoV-2 vaccine which is based on the recombinant spike protein extracellular domain expressed in insect cells and then formulated with appropriate adjuvants. Sixteen 8–12-week-old outbred female and male kittens (n = 4 per group) were randomly assigned into four treatment groups: spike protein alone; spike plus ESSAI oil-in-water (O/W) 1849102 adjuvant; spike plus aluminum hydroxide adjuvant; and a PBS control. All animals were vaccinated intramuscularly twice, 2 weeks apart, with 5 μg of spike protein in a volume of 0.5 ml. On days 0 and 28, serum samples were collected to evaluate anti-spike IgG, antibody inhibition of spike binding to angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE-2), neutralizing antibodies against wild-type and delta variant viruses, and hematology studies. At day 28, all groups were challenged with SARS-CoV-2 wild-type virus 106 TCID50 intranasally. On day 31, tissue samples (lung, heart, and nasal turbinates) were collected for viral RNA detection, and virus titration. After two immunizations, both vaccines induced high titers of serum anti-spike IgG that inhibited spike ACE-2 binding and neutralized both wild-type and delta variant virus. Both adjuvanted vaccine formulations protected juvenile cats against virus shedding from the upper respiratory tract and viral replication in the lower respiratory tract and hearts. These promising data warrant ongoing evaluation of the vaccine's ability to protect cats against SARS-CoV-2 infection and in particular to prevent transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kairat Tabynov
- International Center for Vaccinology, Kazakh National Agrarian Research University, Almaty, Kazakhstan
- Preclinical Research Laboratory With Vivarium, M. Aikimbayev National Research Center for Especially Dangerous Infections (NSCEDI), Almaty, Kazakhstan
- T&TvaX LLC, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Madiana Orynbassar
- International Center for Vaccinology, Kazakh National Agrarian Research University, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Leila Yelchibayeva
- International Center for Vaccinology, Kazakh National Agrarian Research University, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Nurkeldi Turebekov
- Central Reference Laboratory, M. Aikimbayev National Scientific Center for Especially Dangerous Infections (NSCEDI), Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Toktassyn Yerubayev
- Central Reference Laboratory, M. Aikimbayev National Scientific Center for Especially Dangerous Infections (NSCEDI), Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Nurali Matikhan
- International Center for Vaccinology, Kazakh National Agrarian Research University, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Tlektes Yespolov
- International Center for Vaccinology, Kazakh National Agrarian Research University, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Nikolai Petrovsky
- Vaxine Pty Ltd., Adelaide, SA, Australia
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Kaissar Tabynov
- International Center for Vaccinology, Kazakh National Agrarian Research University, Almaty, Kazakhstan
- Preclinical Research Laboratory With Vivarium, M. Aikimbayev National Research Center for Especially Dangerous Infections (NSCEDI), Almaty, Kazakhstan
- T&TvaX LLC, Almaty, Kazakhstan
- *Correspondence: Kaissar Tabynov ;
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17
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Haryalchi K, Olangian‐Tehrani S, Asgari Galebin SM, Mansour‐Ghanaie M. The importance of myocarditis in Covid-19. Health Sci Rep 2022; 5:e488. [PMID: 35059506 PMCID: PMC8757483 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The outbreak of Covid-19 is a real threat to public health. It causes cardiovascular complications such as acute myocardial injury and myocarditis. Symptoms of myocarditis vary from chest pain, tachycardia, or chest tightness. Inotropes and/or vasopressors and mechanical ventilation are the protocols for cardiogenic shock in patients with myocarditis. Some previous studies stated that the mechanism of cardiac injury is not well defined but, it can be due to direct myocardial infection, respiratory failure or hypoxemia, and indirect injury from systemic inflammatory response separately or all three factors together. The pathologic processes included direct myocardial injury by virus binding to ACE2, systemic inflammation, altered myocardial demand-supply ratio, and plaque and coronary thrombosis. There are disagreements on the usage of corticosteroids in active-infection myocarditis. As everyday new complications of Covid-19 appear, there is a need for further research to overcome them. AIMS This narrative study aimed to assess the effect of Covid-19 on myocarditis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katayoun Haryalchi
- Reproductive Health Research Center, Al‐zahra Hospital, School of MedicineGuilan University of Medical SciencesRashtIran
| | | | | | - Mandana Mansour‐Ghanaie
- Reproductive Health Research Center, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Al‐zahra Hospital, School of MedicineGuilan University of Medical SciencesRashtIran
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18
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Ryback R, Eirin A. Mitochondria, a Missing Link in COVID-19 Heart Failure and Arrest? Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 8:830024. [PMID: 35111835 PMCID: PMC8801453 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.830024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ralph Ryback
- Mindful Health Foundation, Naples, FL, United States
- *Correspondence: Ralph Ryback ; ralphrybackmd.com
| | - Alfonso Eirin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
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19
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Augustine R, S A, Nayeem A, Salam SA, Augustine P, Dan P, Maureira P, Mraiche F, Gentile C, Hansbro PM, McClements L, Hasan A. Increased complications of COVID-19 in people with cardiovascular disease: Role of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) dysregulation. Chem Biol Interact 2022; 351:109738. [PMID: 34740598 PMCID: PMC8563522 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2021.109738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The rapid spread of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) that causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), has had a dramatic negative impact on public health and economies worldwide. Recent studies on COVID-19 complications and mortality rates suggest that there is a higher prevalence in cardiovascular diseases (CVD) patients. Past investigations on the associations between pre-existing CVDs and susceptibility to coronavirus infections including SARS-CoV and the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), have demonstrated similar results. However, the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. This has impeded adequate risk stratification and treatment strategies for CVD patients with SARS-CoV-2 infections. Generally, dysregulation of the expression of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) and the counter regulator, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is a hallmark of cardiovascular risk and CVD. ACE2 is the main host receptor for SARS-CoV-2. Although further studies are required, dysfunction of ACE2 after virus binding and dysregulation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) signaling may worsen the outcomes of people affected by COVID-19 and with preexisting CVD. Here, we review the current knowledge and outline the gaps related to the relationship between CVD and COVID-19 with a focus on the RAAS. Improved understanding of the mechanisms regulating viral entry and the role of RAAS may direct future research with the potential to improve the prevention and management of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Augustine
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, College of Engineering, Qatar University, 2713, Doha, Qatar; Biomedical Research Center (BRC), Qatar University, PO Box 2713, Doha, Qatar.
| | - Abhilash S
- Department of Microbiology, Majlis Arts and Science College, Puramannur, Malappuram, Kerala, 676552, India
| | - Ajisha Nayeem
- Department of Biotechnology, St. Mary's College, Thrissur, 680020, Kerala, India
| | - Shaheen Abdul Salam
- Department of Biosciences, MES College Marampally, Aluva, Ernakulam, 683107, Kerala, India
| | - Priya Augustine
- Department of Zoology, Kongunadu Arts and Science College, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 641029, India
| | - Pan Dan
- Department of Cardiovascular and Transplantation Surgery, Regional Central Hospital of Nancy, Lorraine University, France; Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Pablo Maureira
- Department of Cardiovascular and Transplantation Surgery, Regional Central Hospital of Nancy, Lorraine University, France
| | - Fatima Mraiche
- College of Pharmacy, QU-Health, Qatar University, PO Box 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - Carmine Gentile
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and IT, University of Technology Sydney, NSW, Australia; School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia; Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Philip M Hansbro
- Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute and University of Technology Sydney, NSW, Australia; School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Lana McClements
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Anwarul Hasan
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, College of Engineering, Qatar University, 2713, Doha, Qatar; Biomedical Research Center (BRC), Qatar University, PO Box 2713, Doha, Qatar.
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20
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Rezabakhsh A, Sadat‐Ebrahimi S, Ala A, Nabavi SM, Banach M, Ghaffari S. A close-up view of dynamic biomarkers in the setting of COVID-19: Striking focus on cardiovascular system. J Cell Mol Med 2022; 26:274-286. [PMID: 34894069 PMCID: PMC8743667 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Based on the recent reports, cardiovascular events encompass a large portion of the mortality caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, which drawn cardiologists into the management of the admitted ill patients. Given that common laboratory values may provide key insights into the illness caused by the life-threatening SARS-CoV-2 virus, it would be more helpful for screening, clinical management and on-time therapeutic strategies. Commensurate with these issues, this review article aimed to discuss the dynamic changes of the common laboratory parameters during COVID-19 and their association with cardiovascular diseases. Besides, the values that changed in the early stage of the disease were considered and monitored during the recovery process. The time required for returning biomarkers to basal levels was also discussed. Finally, of particular interest, we tended to abridge the latest updates regarding the cardiovascular biomarkers as prognostic and diagnostic criteria to determine the severity of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aysa Rezabakhsh
- Cardiovascular Research CenterTabriz University of Medical SciencesTabrizIran
| | | | - Alireza Ala
- Emergency Medicine Research TeamTabriz University of Medical SciencesTabrizIran
| | - Seyed Mohammad Nabavi
- Applied Biotechnology Research CenterBaqiyatallah University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Maciej Banach
- Department of Hypertension, Chair of Nephrology and HypertensionMedical University of LodzLodzPoland
- Polish Mother’s Memorial Hospital Research Institute (PMMHRI)LodzPoland
| | - Samad Ghaffari
- Cardiovascular Research CenterTabriz University of Medical SciencesTabrizIran
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21
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Amin A, Chitsazan M, Chitsazan M, Haehling S, Naghashzadeh F, Khoshavi M, Hoseinalizadeh M, Amini S, Ziaie N, Ghaffari S, Asghari R, Amiri A, Garfias-Macedo T, Maleki M. Inpatient cardiology consultation for COVID-19: What are cardiologists' diagnostic approaches? Res Cardiovasc Med 2022. [DOI: 10.4103/rcm.rcm_45_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
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22
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Cardiovascular Disease in the COVID-19 Era: Myocardial Injury and Thrombosis. PRACTICAL CARDIOLOGY 2022. [PMCID: PMC7893250 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-80915-3.00044-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
COVID-19 is now appreciated as a pandemic, presenting with a wide range of symptoms, mostly respiratory, yet involving other organs massively. Myocardial injury is a crucial complication with significant negative impact on prognosis. Despite all the investigations, exact pathophysiologic mechanisms remain unclear, and so do the appropriate treatments. Thrombosis has been increasingly observed since the first reports, with venous thromboembolism being the major concern. The strategy of thrombosis prophylaxis, though known to be helpful to the clinical scenario, is still a subject of debate.
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Homme RP, George AK, Singh M, Smolenkova I, Zheng Y, Pushpakumar S, Tyagi SC. Mechanism of Blood-Heart-Barrier Leakage: Implications for COVID-19 Induced Cardiovascular Injury. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222413546. [PMID: 34948342 PMCID: PMC8706694 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Although blood–heart-barrier (BHB) leakage is the hallmark of congestive (cardio-pulmonary) heart failure (CHF), the primary cause of death in elderly, and during viral myocarditis resulting from the novel coronavirus variants such as the severe acute respiratory syndrome novel corona virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) known as COVID-19, the mechanism is unclear. The goal of this project is to determine the mechanism of the BHB in CHF. Endocardial endothelium (EE) is the BHB against leakage of blood from endocardium to the interstitium; however, this BHB is broken during CHF. Previous studies from our laboratory, and others have shown a robust activation of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) during CHF. MMP-9 degrades the connexins leading to EE dysfunction. We demonstrated juxtacrine coupling of EE with myocyte and mitochondria (Mito) but how it works still remains at large. To test whether activation of MMP-9 causes EE barrier dysfunction, we hypothesized that if that were the case then treatment with hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) could, in fact, inhibit MMP-9, and thus preserve the EE barrier/juxtacrine signaling, and synchronous endothelial-myocyte coupling. To determine this, CHF was created by aorta-vena cava fistula (AVF) employing the mouse as a model system. The sham, and AVF mice were treated with HCQ. Cardiac hypertrophy, tissue remodeling-induced mitochondrial-myocyte, and endothelial-myocyte contractions were measured. Microvascular leakage was measured using FITC-albumin conjugate. The cardiac function was measured by echocardiography (Echo). Results suggest that MMP-9 activation, endocardial endothelial leakage, endothelial-myocyte (E-M) uncoupling, dyssynchronous mitochondrial fusion-fission (Mfn2/Drp1 ratio), and mito-myocyte uncoupling in the AVF heart failure were found to be rampant; however, treatment with HCQ successfully mitigated some of the deleterious cardiac alterations during CHF. The findings have direct relevance to the gamut of cardiac manifestations, and the resultant phenotypes arising from the ongoing complications of COVID-19 in human subjects.
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Shen L, Qiu L, Wang L, Huang H, Liu D, Xiao Y, Liu Y, Jin J, Liu X, Wang DW, He B, Zhou N. Statin Use and In-hospital Mortality in Patients with COVID-19 and Coronary Heart Disease. Sci Rep 2021; 11:23874. [PMID: 34903765 PMCID: PMC8668894 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-02534-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The worsening progress of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is attributed to the proinflammatory state, leading to increased mortality. Statin works with its anti-inflammatory effects and may attenuate the worsening of COVID-19. COVID-19 patients were retrospectively enrolled from two academic hospitals in Wuhan, China, from 01/26/2020 to 03/26/2020. Adjusted in-hospital mortality was compared between the statin and the non-statin group by CHD status using multivariable Cox regression model after propensity score matching. Our study included 3133 COVID-19 patients (median age: 62y, female: 49.8%), and 404 (12.9%) received statin. Compared with the non-statin group, the statin group was older, more likely to have comorbidities but with a lower level of inflammatory markers. The Statin group also had a lower adjusted mortality risk (6.44% vs. 10.88%; adjusted hazard ratio [HR] 0.47; 95% CI, 0.29–0.77). Subgroup analysis of CHD patients showed a similar result. Propensity score matching showed an overall 87% (HR, 0.13; 95% CI, 0.05–0.36) lower risk of in-hospital mortality for statin users than nonusers. Such survival benefit of statin was obvious both among CHD and non-CHD patients (HR = 0.30 [0.09–0.98]; HR = 0.23 [0.1–0.49], respectively). Statin use was associated with reduced in-hospital mortality in COVID-19. The benefit of statin was both prominent among CHD and non-CHD patients. These findings may further reemphasize the continuation of statins in patients with CHD during the COVID-19 era.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Shen
- Department of Cardiology, Clinical Research Unit, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Lin Qiu
- Department of Pharmacy, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Ave., Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Geriatrics, School of Medicine, Shanghai Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Hengye Huang
- School of Public Health, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Dong Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Ave., Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Ying Xiao
- Department of Pharmacy, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Ave., Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Ave., Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Jingjin Jin
- Department of Pharmacy, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Ave., Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Xiulan Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Ave., Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Dao Wen Wang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Ave, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Ben He
- Department of Cardiology, Clinical Research Unit, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200030, China.
| | - Ning Zhou
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Ave, Wuhan, 430030, China.
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Udaya kumar V, Pavan G, Murti K, Kumar R, Dhingra S, Haque M, Ravichandiran V. Rays of immunity: Role of sunshine vitamin in management of COVID-19 infection and associated comorbidities. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2021; 46:21-32. [PMID: 34857198 PMCID: PMC8474796 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2021.09.727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The catastrophic pandemic engendered due to the Novel coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak which causes severe clinical afflictions on the respiratory system has severely high morbidity and mortality rates. The requirement of novel compounds is at utmost importance due to lack of targeted drug molecule to treat the afflictions and restrict the viral infection and for the usage of prophylactic treatment to avoid the spread of the infection is of utmost importance. Vitamin D is one such naturally available multifunctional molecule, which plays an eminent role in the immune system and instigation of numerous cellular pathways further promoting health benefits and enhancing the human quality of life. This article reviews the current standpoint scenario and future prevalence of vitamin D supplementation in the management of covid-19 patients. Novel findings of Vitamin D suggest that along with regulation of cell growth, neuroprotective and mood-stabilizing effects, it regulates the immune response also modulate cytokine Interleukin-6 (IL-6) by inducing progesterone-induced blocking factor (PIBF), given the IL-6 levels are considerably high in COVID-19 patients which increases the further complications. Vitamin D also have its effect on angiotensin converting enzyme (ACEII) inhibitor through which the COVID-19 virus makes cell entry. Numerous research data elucidate the play of Vitamin D, in complications of COVID-19 including the most common comorbid conditions, neurological manifestations and immunological aspects makes it an ideal molecule for adjuvant therapy. Including Vitamin D as add-on therapy in the management of COVID-19 might aid the arrest of infection and helps fight this arduous epidemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- V. Udaya kumar
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hajipur, Bihar, India
| | - Garapati Pavan
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hajipur, Bihar, India
| | - Krishna Murti
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hajipur, Bihar, India,Corresponding author. Department of Pharmacy Practice, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hajipur, 844102, Bihar, India
| | - Rahul Kumar
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hajipur, Bihar, India
| | - Sameer Dhingra
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hajipur, Bihar, India
| | - Mainul Haque
- The Unit of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Defence Health Universiti Pertahanan, Nasional Malaysia (National Defence University of Malaysia), Kuala Lumpur, Kem Perdana Sungai Besi, Malaysia
| | - V. Ravichandiran
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hajipur, Bihar, India
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Rosano G, Jankowska EA, Ray R, Metra M, Abdelhamid M, Adamopoulos S, Anker SD, Bayes‐Genis A, Belenkov Y, Gal TB, Böhm M, Chioncel O, Cohen‐Solal A, Farmakis D, Filippatos G, González A, Gustafsson F, Hill L, Jaarsma T, Jouhra F, Lainscak M, Lambrinou E, Lopatin Y, Lund LH, Milicic D, Moura B, Mullens W, Piepoli MF, Ponikowski P, Rakisheva A, Ristic A, Savarese G, Seferovic P, Senni M, Thum T, Tocchetti CG, Van Linthout S, Volterrani M, Coats AJ. COVID-19 vaccination in patients with heart failure: a position paper of the Heart Failure Association of the European Society of Cardiology. Eur J Heart Fail 2021; 23:1806-1818. [PMID: 34612556 PMCID: PMC8652673 DOI: 10.1002/ejhf.2356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with heart failure (HF) who contract SARS‐CoV‐2 infection are at a higher risk of cardiovascular and non‐cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Regardless of therapeutic attempts in COVID‐19, vaccination remains the most promising global approach at present for controlling this disease. There are several concerns and misconceptions regarding the clinical indications, optimal mode of delivery, safety and efficacy of COVID‐19 vaccines for patients with HF. This document provides guidance to all healthcare professionals regarding the implementation of a COVID‐19 vaccination scheme in patients with HF. COVID‐19 vaccination is indicated in all patients with HF, including those who are immunocompromised (e.g. after heart transplantation receiving immunosuppressive therapy) and with frailty syndrome. It is preferable to vaccinate against COVID‐19 patients with HF in an optimal clinical state, which would include clinical stability, adequate hydration and nutrition, optimized treatment of HF and other comorbidities (including iron deficiency), but corrective measures should not be allowed to delay vaccination. Patients with HF who have been vaccinated against COVID‐19 need to continue precautionary measures, including the use of facemasks, hand hygiene and social distancing. Knowledge on strategies preventing SARS‐CoV‐2 infection (including the COVID‐19 vaccination) should be included in the comprehensive educational programmes delivered to patients with HF.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ewa A. Jankowska
- Institute of Heart DiseasesWrocław Medical UniversityWrocławPoland
| | - Robin Ray
- Cardiology Clinical Academic GroupMolecular and Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St George's, University of London, St George's HospitalLondonUK
| | - Marco Metra
- Institute of CardiologyASST Spedali Civili di Brescia and Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences, and Public Health, University of BresciaBresciaItaly
| | - Magdy Abdelhamid
- Faculty of Medicine, Kasr Al Ainy, Department of CardiologyCairo UniversityGizaEgypt
| | - Stamatis Adamopoulos
- Heart Failure ‐ Transplant ‐ Mechanical Circulatory Support UnitOnassis Cardiac Surgery CenterAthensGreece
| | - Stefan D. Anker
- Department of Cardiology (CVK)and Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) partner site Berlin, Charité UniversitätsmedizinBerlinGermany
| | - Antoni Bayes‐Genis
- Heart Institute, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona & CIBERCV, Instituto de Salud Carlos IIIMadridSpain
| | - Yury Belenkov
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)MoscowRussia
| | - Tuvia B. Gal
- Department of Cardiology, Rabin Medical CenterPetah Tikva, Israel, & Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv UniversityTel AvivIsrael
| | - Michael Böhm
- Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes, Klinik für Innere Medizin III, Saarland University, Kardiologie, Angiologie und Internistische IntensivmedizinHomburg/SaarGermany
| | - Ovidiu Chioncel
- Emergency Institute for Cardiovascular Diseases ‘Prof. C.C. Iliescu’, University of Medicine Carol DavilaBucharestRomania
| | - Alain Cohen‐Solal
- UMR‐S 942 Research UnitParis University, Lariboisiere Hospital, Cardiology Department, AP‐HPParisFrance
| | | | - Gerasimos Filippatos
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, University Hospital AttikonAthensGreece
| | - Arantxa González
- Program of Cardiovascular Diseases, CIMA Universidad de Navarra, IdiSNA and CIBERCVPamplonaSpain
| | - Finn Gustafsson
- Department of CardiologyUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Loreena Hill
- School of Nursing & Midwifery, Queen's University, BelfastNorthern IrelandUK
| | - Tiny Jaarsma
- Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping UniversityLinköpingSweden
| | - Fadi Jouhra
- Cardiology Clinical Academic GroupMolecular and Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St George's, University of London, St George's HospitalLondonUK
| | - Mitja Lainscak
- Division of CardiologyGeneral Hospital Murska Sobota, Murska Sobota, Slovenia, & Faculty of Medicine, University of LjubljanaLjubljanaSlovenia
| | - Ekaterini Lambrinou
- Department of NursingSchool of Health Sciences, Cyprus University of TechnologyLimassolCyprus
| | - Yury Lopatin
- Volgograd State Medical University, Regional Cardiology CentreVolgogradRussian Federation
| | - Lars H. Lund
- Department of MedicineKarolinska Institutet, and Heart and Vascular Theme, Karolinska University HospitalStockholmSweden
| | - Davor Milicic
- University of Zagreb School of MedicineZagrebCroatia
| | - Brenda Moura
- Armed Forces Hospital, Porto, & Faculty of Medicine, University of PortoPortoPortugal
| | - Wilfried Mullens
- Cardiovascular Physiology, Hasselt University, Belgium, & Heart Failure and Cardiac Rehabilitation Specialist, Ziekenhuis Oost‐LimburgGenkBelgium
| | - Massimo F. Piepoli
- Cardiac UnitGuglielmo da Saliceto Hospital, University of ParmaPiacenzaItaly
| | - Piotr Ponikowski
- Institute of Heart DiseasesWrocław Medical UniversityWrocławPoland
| | - Amina Rakisheva
- Department of CardiologyScientific Institution of Cardiology and Internal DiseasesAlmatyKazakhstan
| | - Arsen Ristic
- Department of CardiologyUniversity Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade University School of MedicineBelgradeSerbia
| | - Gianluigi Savarese
- Department of MedicineKarolinska Institutet, and Heart and Vascular Theme, Karolinska University HospitalStockholmSweden
| | - Petar Seferovic
- Department Faculty of MedicineUniversity of Belgrade, Belgrade & Serbian Academy of Sciences and ArtsBelgradeSerbia
| | - Michele Senni
- Cardiovascular Department, Cardiology 1 UnitPapa Giovanni XXIII Hospital Bergamo, University of Milano ‐ BicoccaBergamoItaly
| | - Thomas Thum
- Institute of Molecular and Therapeutic Strategies, Hannover & Fraunhofer Institute of Toxicology and Experimental MedicineHannoverGermany
| | - Carlo G. Tocchetti
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), Interdepartmental Center of Clinical and Translational Sciences (CIRCET)Interdepartmental Hypertension Research Center (CIRIAPA), Federico II UniversityNaplesItaly
| | - Sophie Van Linthout
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité ‐ Universitätmedizin Berlin, BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies, Berlin, German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner site BerlinBerlinGermany
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Son M, Jo YS, Jo S, Park K. Impact of COVID-19 on Heart Failure Patients in South Korea. Int Heart J 2021; 62:1083-1090. [PMID: 34544986 DOI: 10.1536/ihj.21-198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases can affect the clinical course of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19); however, evaluation of COVID-19 contribution to prognosis for each individual disease, such as heart failure, is lacking in South Korea. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate COVID-19 patients with heart failure by matching them with patients with heart failure only and those with COVID-19 only. We performed a nationwide population-based retrospective study using data from the National Health Insurance System. Based on patients with heart failure and COVID-19, up to 1:3 propensity score matching procedures were performed for patients with heart failure only and those with COVID-19 only. The outcome was the composite of complications. After matching, a multivariable-adjusted conditional logistic regression analysis was performed. The number of patients was 317 for heart failure and COVID-19, 951 for heart failure only, and 884 for COVID-19 only. The adjusted odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for the composite of complications of patients with heart failure and COVID-19 compared with those with heart failure only was 3.511 (2.501-4.928), and compared with those with COVID-19 only, they were 1.626 (1.112-2.376). In patients with heart failure and COVID-19, age per 10 years increase and diabetes were significant variables with the adjusted OR (95% CI) [2.206 (1.704-2.856) for age and 2.345 (1.244-4.420) for diabetes] for complications. This study demonstrated that patients with both heart failure and COVID-19 in South Korea are associated with a poor prognosis. Patients with heart failure require more surveillance and precautions for COVID-19, as recommended by the Center for Disease Control and Prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minkook Son
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Dong-A University College of Medicine.,Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology
| | - Yoon Sung Jo
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Dong-A University College of Medicine
| | - Sangyong Jo
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Dong-A University College of Medicine
| | - Kyungil Park
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Dong-A University College of Medicine
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Saito T, Yamaguchi T, Kuroda S, Kitai T, Yonetsu T, Kohsaka S, Torii S, Node K, Matsumoto S, Matsue Y, Kodama T. Impact of body mass index on the outcome of Japanese patients with cardiovascular diseases and/or risk factors hospitalized with COVID-19 infection. J Cardiol 2021; 79:476-481. [PMID: 34625315 PMCID: PMC8479451 DOI: 10.1016/j.jjcc.2021.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is reported to be a predictor of adverse clinical events in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Western countries. However, there are limited data reported regarding the prognostic impact of obesity in Asian patients. We investigated the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and in-hospital outcomes in 580 Japanese patients with cardiovascular disease and/or risk factors and who were admitted for COVID-19 infection using data from 49 hospitals in Japan. METHODS We analyzed data from the Clinical Outcomes of COVID-19 Infection in Hospitalized Patients with Cardiovascular Disease and/or Risk Factors (CLAVIS-COVID) registry. BMI was classified into four groups accordance with the definition of the Japan Society for the Study of Obesity, as follows: underweight, <18.5 kg/m2; normal range, 18.5 to <25 kg/m2; pre-obese, 25 to 30 kg/m2; and obese, ≥30 kg/m2. RESULTS In-hospital death occurred in 15.0% (n=87) of the patients and intubation was performed for 139 (24.0%) patients. In a multivariate analysis, we found a significant association between higher BMI and in-hospital mortality [underweight: hazard ratio (HR) 0.47, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.23-0.97; p=0.041; pre-obese: HR 1.46, 95%CI 0.84-2.55; p=0.18; and obese: HR 3.28, 95%CI 1.34-8.02; p=0.009 vs. normal range]. In contrast, the association between BMI and the intubation rate was not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS Obesity was associated with a stepwise increase in the risk of in-hospital mortality in Japanese patients with COVID-19 infection. The threshold BMI for the increased risk of a worse outcome was 30, which was much lower in comparison to Western countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takafumi Saito
- Department of Cardiovascular Center, Toranomon Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Yamaguchi
- Department of Cardiovascular Center, Toranomon Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Shunsuke Kuroda
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Takeshi Kitai
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Osaka, Japan
| | - Taishi Yonetsu
- Department of Interventional Cardiology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shun Kohsaka
- Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sho Torii
- Department of Cardiology, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan
| | - Koichi Node
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Shingo Matsumoto
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Toho University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuya Matsue
- Department of Cardiovascular Biology and Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Cardiovascular Respiratory Sleep Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takahide Kodama
- Department of Cardiovascular Center, Toranomon Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
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İNANÇ İH, BURSA N, GÜLTEPE A, ŞABANOĞLU C. The impact of COVID-19 on rural population: A retrospective study. JOURNAL OF HEALTH SCIENCES AND MEDICINE 2021. [DOI: 10.32322/jhsm.957308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
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30
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Mesquita D, Carmo P, Cabanelas N, Santos N, Martins V, Sanfins V, Costa HC, Fontes JP, Fonseca P, Parreira L. Cardiac arrhythmias in patients presenting with COVID-19 treated in Portuguese hospitals: A national registry from the Portuguese Association of Arrhythmology, Pacing and Electrophysiology. Rev Port Cardiol 2021; 40:573-580. [PMID: 34392900 PMCID: PMC8359673 DOI: 10.1016/j.repce.2020.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES In December 2019, SARS-CoV-2, was discovered as the agent of COVID-19 disease. Cardiac arrhythmias have been reported as frequent but their incidence is unknown. The aim of this research was to assess the real incidence of cardiac arrhythmias among COVID-19 patients admitted to Portuguese hospitals and to understand the underlying prognostic implications. METHODS The Portuguese Association of Arrhythmology, Pacing and Electrophysiology (APAPE) conducted a survey in Portuguese hospitals to assess the occurrence of arrhythmias in COVID-19 patients, their clinical characteristics, the use of experimental therapies and the impact on QT interval. RESULTS Twenty hospitals participated, reporting 692 hospitalized patients. An arrhythmic episode occurred in 81 (11.7%) and 64 (79%) had detailed information on these episodes. New onset arrhythmias occurred in 41 (64%) patients, 45 (70.3%) male, median age 73.5 (61-80.3) years. There were 51 (79.7%) with associated comorbidities, mainly arterial hypertension (41, 64.1%). Of 53 patients (82.3%) on experimental therapy, 7 (10.9%) had an increased QTc interval. Regarding arrhythmias, two patients (3.1%) had ventricular tachycardia, 5 (7.8%) sinus bradycardia, 17 (26.6%) paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia and 40 (62.5%) atrial fibrillation or flutter. At the time of reporting, there had been no deaths due to arrhythmic syndrome or related complications. CONCLUSIONS In a population of COVID-19 patients. The incidence of cardiac arrhythmias is high but not associated with increased cardiac mortality although it does though occur frequently in extremely ill patients and with multiple organ failure. Regardless of the use of experimental drugs, the incidence of ventricular arrhythmias is low and atrial fibrillation and other supraventricular arrhythmias are the most prevalent arrythmias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinis Mesquita
- Hospital de S. Bernardo, Centro Hospitalar de Setúbal E.P.E., Setúbal, Portugal.
| | - Pedro Carmo
- Hospital de St.ª Cruz, Centro Hospital de Lisboa Ocidental E.P.E., Carnaxide, Portugal; Hospital da Luz, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Nuno Cabanelas
- Hospital Prof. Doutor Fernando Fonseca E.P.E., Amadora, Portugal
| | - Nuno Santos
- Hospital Dr. Nélio Mendonça, Funchal, Madeira, Portugal
| | - Vítor Martins
- Hospital Distrital de Santarém, E.P.E., Santarém, Portugal
| | - Victor Sanfins
- Hospital Senhora da Oliveira, E.P.E., Guimarães, Portugal
| | | | - José Paulo Fontes
- Hospital de Vila Real, Centro Hospitalar de Trás os Montes e Alto Douro, E.P.E., Portugal
| | - Paulo Fonseca
- Hospital de Vila Nova de Gaia/Espinho, E.P.E., Portugal
| | - Leonor Parreira
- Hospital de S. Bernardo, Centro Hospitalar de Setúbal E.P.E., Setúbal, Portugal; Hospital da Luz, Lisbon, Portugal
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Aralova NI. MATHEMATICAL MODEL FOR THE INVESTIGATION OF HYPOXIC STATES IN THE HEART MUSCLE AT VIRAL DAMAGE. BIOTECHNOLOGIA ACTA 2021. [DOI: 10.15407/biotech14.04.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The main complications of organism damaged by SARS-CoV-2 virus are various cardiovascular system lesions. As a result, the secondary tissue hypoxia is developed and it is relevant to search the means for hypoxic state alleviation. Mathematical modeling of this process, followed by the imitation of hypoxic states development, and subsequent correction of hypoxia at this model may be one of the directions for investigations. Aim. The purpose of this study was to construct mathematical models of functional respiratory and blood circulatory systems to simulate the partial occlusion of blood vessels during viral infection lesions and pharmacological correction of resulting hypoxic state. Methods. Methods of mathematical modeling and dynamic programming were used. Transport and mass exchange of respiratory gases in organism, partial occlusion of blood vessels and influence of antihypoxant were described by the systems of ordinary nonlinear differential equations. Results. Mathematical model of functional respiratory system was developed to simulate pharmacological correction of hypoxic states caused by the complications in courses of viral infection lesions. The model was based on the theory of functional systems by P. K. Anokhin and the assumption about the main function of respiratory system. The interactions and interrelations of individual functional systems in organism were assumed. Constituent parts of our model were the models of transport and mass exchange of respiratory gases in organism, selforganization of respiratory and blood circulatory systems, partial occlusion of blood vessels and the transport of pharmacological substance. Conclusions. The series of computational experiments for averaged person organism demonstrated the possibility of tissue hypoxia compensation using pharmacological substance with vasodilating effect, and in the case of individual data array, it may be useful for the development of strategy and tactics for individual patient medical treatment.
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Colombo C, Garatti L, Ferrante G, Casadei F, Montalto C, Crimi G, Cogliati C, Ammirati E, Savonitto S, Morici N. Cardiovascular injuries and SARS-COV-2 infection: focus on elderly people. J Geriatr Cardiol 2021; 18:534-548. [PMID: 34404990 PMCID: PMC8352775 DOI: 10.11909/j.issn.1671-5411.2021.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has hit the healthcare system worldwide. The risk of severe infection and mortality increases with advancing age, especially in subjects with comorbidities such as cardiovascular disease, hypertension, diabetes, obesity and cancer. Moreover, cardiovascular complications such as myocardial injury, heart failure and thromboembolism are frequently observed in COVID-19 cases, and several biomarkers (troponin, NTproBNP and D-Dimer) have been identified as prognostic indicators of disease severity and worst outcome. Currently, there is no specific therapy against SARS-CoV-2, although many medications are under investigation. The aim of this review will be to explore the intertwined relationship between COVID-19 disease and the cardiovascular system, focusing on elderly population. The available supportive treatments along with the related concerns in elderly patients, due to their comorbidities and polypharmacotherapy, will be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Colombo
- Department of Cardiology De Gasperis Cardio Center, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Garatti
- Department of Cardiology De Gasperis Cardio Center, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano Bicocca, Italy
| | - Giulia Ferrante
- Division of Cardiology, Heart and Lung Department, San Paolo Hospital, ASST Santi Paolo and Carlo, University of Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Casadei
- Department of Cardiology De Gasperis Cardio Center, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy
| | - Claudio Montalto
- Division of Cardiology, University of Pavia, Pavia, Lombardia, Italy
| | - Gabriele Crimi
- Interventional Cardiology Unit, Cardio Thoraco Vascular Department (DICATOV), IRCCS Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy
| | - Chiara Cogliati
- Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine and Riabilitation, ASST Fatebenefratelli-Sacco, Luigi Sacco Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Enrico Ammirati
- De Gasperis Cardio Center and Transplant Center, Niguarda Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Nuccia Morici
- Department of Cardiology De Gasperis Cardio Center, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy
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Kogan EA, Kukleva AD, Berezovskiy YS, Blagova OV, Zharkov NV, Ainetdinova DK, Demyashkin GA. [Clinical and morphological characteristics of SARS-CoV-2-related myocarditis proven by the presence of viral RNA and proteins in myocardial tissue]. Arkh Patol 2021; 83:5-13. [PMID: 34278755 DOI: 10.17116/patol2021830415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the clinical and morphological features of SARS-CoV-2-related myocarditis, by determining the presence of viral RNA and proteins in myocardial tissue. MATERIAL AND METHODS The study was conducted to examine the material of 32 autopsies with a confirmed diagnosis of myocarditis. There were data of a morphological study, including a standard histological study, as well as immunohistochemical determination of the surface markers CD45, CD3, CD20, and CD68 cells of an inflammatory infiltrate and virus proteins (SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein and spike protein). Positive and negative control tests were carried out. In addition, coronavirus RNA was detected in the myocardium using a polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) revealed viral RNA in myocardial tissue. Viral proteins were identified in the macrophages of an inflammatory infiltrate and cardiomyocytes. CONCLUSION The findings may suggest that the virus persists in the myocardium and chronic myocarditis develops.
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Affiliation(s)
- E A Kogan
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of Russia, Moscow, Russia
| | - A D Kukleva
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of Russia, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - O V Blagova
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of Russia, Moscow, Russia
| | - N V Zharkov
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of Russia, Moscow, Russia
| | - D Kh Ainetdinova
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of Russia, Moscow, Russia
| | - G A Demyashkin
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of Russia, Moscow, Russia
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Lai A, Chang ML, O'Donnell RP, Zhou C, Sumner JA, Hsiai TK. Association of COVID-19 transmission with high levels of ambient pollutants: Initiation and impact of the inflammatory response on cardiopulmonary disease. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 779:146464. [PMID: 33961545 PMCID: PMC7960028 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Ambient air pollution contributes to 7 million premature deaths annually. Concurrently, the ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, complicated with S-protein mutations and other variants, caused by the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has resulted in over 2.5 million deaths globally. Chronic air pollution-mediated cardiopulmonary diseases have been associated with an increased incidence of hospitalization and mechanical ventilation following COVID-19 transmission. While the underlying mechanisms responsible for this association remain elusive, air pollutant-induced vascular oxidative stress and inflammatory responses have been implicated in amplifying COVID-19-mediated cytokine release and vascular thrombosis. In addition, prolonged exposure to certain types of particulate matter (PM2.5, d < 2.5 μm) has also been correlated with increased lung epithelial and vascular endothelial expression of the angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE2) receptors to which the SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoproteins (S) bind for fusion and internalization into host cells. Emerging literature has linked high rates of SARS-CoV-2 infection to regions with elevated levels of PM2.5, suggesting that COVID-19 lockdowns have been implicated in regional reductions in air pollutant-mediated cardiopulmonary effects. Taken together, an increased incidence of SARS-CoV-2-mediated cardiopulmonary diseases seems to overlap with highly polluted regions. To this end, we will review the redox-active components of air pollutants, the pathophysiology of SARS-CoV-2 transmission, and the key oxidative mechanisms and ACE2 overexpression underlying air pollution-exacerbated SARS-CoV-2 transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Lai
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
| | - Megan L Chang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
| | - Ryan P O'Donnell
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
| | - Changcheng Zhou
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, CA, United States of America
| | - Jennifer A Sumner
- Department of Psychology, College of Life Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, United States of America
| | - Tzung K Hsiai
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America; Department of Medicine, Greater Los Angeles VA Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America; Department of Bioengineering, Henry Samueli School of Engineering & Applied Science, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America.
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Kawabata A, Funakoshi H, Ito J, Santanda T, Norisue Y, Watanabe H. Diagnostic delay of acute mitral regurgitation during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic: a case report. Int J Emerg Med 2021; 14:38. [PMID: 34281499 PMCID: PMC8287556 DOI: 10.1186/s12245-021-00365-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diagnostic errors or delays can cause serious consequences for patient safety, especially in the emergency department. Anchoring bias is one of the major factors leading to diagnostic error. During the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, the high probability of COVID-19 in febrile patients could be a major cause of anchoring bias leading to diagnostic error. In addition, certain evaluations such as auscultation are difficult to perform on a casual basis due to the increased risk of contact infection, which lead to inadequate assessment of the patients with valvular disease. Acute mitral regurgitation (MR) could be a fatal disease in the emergency department, especially if there is a diagnostic error or delay in diagnosis. It is often reported that diagnosis can be difficult even though there is no treatment other than emergent surgery. The diagnosis of acute MR has become more difficult because coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic could affect our daily practice especially in febrile patients. We report a case of a diagnostic delay of a febrile patient because of anchoring bias during the COVID-19 pandemic. CASE PRESENTATION A 45-year-old man presented to the emergency department complaining of acute dyspnea and fever. Based on vital signs and computed tomography of the chest, acute pneumonia due to COVID-19 was suspected. Auscultation was avoided because of facility rule based on concern of contact infection. After admission to the intensive care unit, Doppler echocardiography revealed acute mitral regurgitation, and transesophageal echocardiography revealed mitral valve tendon rupture. After confirming the negative result for the polymerase chain reaction of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, mitral valvuloplasty was performed on the third day after admission. The patient was discharged 14 days after admission without complications. CONCLUSIONS In COVID-19 pandemic, anchoring bias suspecting COVID-19 among febrile patients becomes a strong heuristic factor. A thorough history and physical examination is still important in febrile patients presenting with dyspnea to ensure the correct diagnosis of acute mitral regurgitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azumi Kawabata
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Tokyo Bay Urayasu Ichikawa Medical Center, 3-4-32, Todaijima, Urayasu, Chiba, 279-0001, Japan
| | - Hiraku Funakoshi
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Tokyo Bay Urayasu Ichikawa Medical Center, 3-4-32, Todaijima, Urayasu, Chiba, 279-0001, Japan.
| | - Joji Ito
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Tokyo Bay Urayasu Ichikawa Medical Center, 3-4-32, Todaijima, Urayasu, Chiba, 279-0001, Japan
| | - Takushi Santanda
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Tokyo Bay Urayasu Ichikawa Medical Center, 3-4-32, Todaijima, Urayasu, Chiba, 279-0001, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Norisue
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Tokyo Bay Urayasu Ichikawa Medical Center, 3-4-32, Todaijima, Urayasu, Chiba, 279-0001, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Watanabe
- Department of Cardiology, Tokyo Bay Urayasu Ichikawa Medical Center, 3-4-32, Todaijima, Urayasu, Chiba, 279-0001, Japan
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Liu F, Liu F, Wang L. COVID-19 and cardiovascular diseases. J Mol Cell Biol 2021; 13:161-167. [PMID: 33226078 PMCID: PMC7717280 DOI: 10.1093/jmcb/mjaa064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) remains a global public health emergency. Despite being caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), besides the lung, this infectious disease also has severe implications in the cardiovascular system. In this review, we summarize diverse clinical complications of the heart and vascular system, as well as the relevant high mortality, in COVID-19 patients. Systemic inflammation and angiotensin-converting enzyme 2-involved signaling networking in SARS-CoV-2 infection and the cardiovascular system may contribute to the manifestations of cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, integration of clinical observations and experimental findings can promote our understanding of the underlying mechanisms, which would aid in identifying and treating cardiovascular injury in patients with COVID-19 appropriately.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Feng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.,Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China
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Khalid M, Awan S, Jatoi NN, Jatoi HN, Yasmin F, Ochani RK, Batra S, Malik F, Ahmed J, Chawla S, Mustafa A, Lak HM, Surani S. Cardiac manifestations of the coronavirus disease-19: a review of pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and treatment. Pan Afr Med J 2021; 39:173. [PMID: 34584599 PMCID: PMC8449581 DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2021.39.173.27802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19), first appearing in Wuhan, China, and later declared as a pandemic, has caused serious morbidity and mortality worldwide. Severe cases usually present with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), pneumonia, acute kidney injury (AKI), liver damage, or septic shock. However, with recent advances in severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) research, the virus´s effect on cardiac tissues has become evident. Reportedly, an increased number of COVID-19 patients manifested serious cardiac complications such as heart failure, increased troponin, and N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide levels (NT-proBNP), cardiomyopathies, and myocarditis. These cardiac complications initially present as chest tightness, chest pain, and heart palpitations. Diagnostic investigations such as telemetry, electrocardiogram (ECG), cardiac biomarkers (troponin, NT-proBNP), and inflammatory markers (D-dimer, fibrinogen, PT, PTT), must be performed according to the patient´s condition. The best available options for treatment are the provision of supportive care, anti-viral therapy, hemodynamic monitoring, IL-6 blockers, statins, thrombolytic, and anti-hypertensive drugs. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) healthcare workers should be well-informed about the evolving research regarding COVID-19 and approach as a multi-disciplinary team to devise effective strategies for challenging situations to reduce cardiac complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Momina Khalid
- Department of Internal Medicine, Jinnah Sindh Medical University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Sana Awan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dow Medical College, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Nadia Nazir Jatoi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dow Medical College, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Hafsa Nazir Jatoi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dow Medical College, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Farah Yasmin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dow Medical College, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Rohan Kumar Ochani
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dow Medical College, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Simran Batra
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dow Medical College, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Farheen Malik
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dow Medical College, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Jawad Ahmed
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dow Medical College, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Sanchit Chawla
- Department of Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio, 44111, United States of America
| | - Ahmad Mustafa
- Department of Internal Medicine, Staten Island University Hospital, New York, United States of America
| | - Hassan Mehmood Lak
- Department of Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio, 44111, United States of America
| | - Salim Surani
- Department of Internal Medicine, Corpus Christi Medical Center, Corpus Christi, United States of America
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of North Texas, Dallas, United States of America
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38
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Cajanding RJM. Comprehensive Review of Cardiovascular Involvement in COVID-19. AACN Adv Crit Care 2021; 32:169-187. [PMID: 33836538 DOI: 10.4037/aacnacc2021302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
COVID-19 has emerged as one of the most devastating and clinically significant infectious diseases of the last decade. It has reached global pandemic status at an unprecedented pace and has placed significant demands on health care systems worldwide. Although COVID-19 primarily affects the lungs, epidemiologic reports have shown that the disease affects other vital organs of the body, including the heart, vasculature, kidneys, brain, and the hematopoietic system. Of importance is the emerging awareness of the effects of COVID-19 on the cardiovascular system. The current state of knowledge regarding cardiac involvement in COVID-19 is presented in this article, with particular focus on the cardiovascular manifestations and complications of COVID-19 infection. The mechanistic insights of disease causation and the relevant pathophysiology involved in COVID-19 as they affect the heart are explored and described. Relevant practice essentials and clinical management implications for patients with COVID-19 with a cardiac pathology are presented in light of recent evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruff Joseph Macale Cajanding
- Ruff Joseph Macale Cajanding is Charge Nurse, Adult Critical Care Unit, 6th Floor, King George V Building, St Bartholomew's Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, 2 King Edward Street, London EC1A 1HQ, United Kingdom
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Sharma P, Pradhan A, Vohra S, Sethi R. COVID-19 and Cardiovascular Diseases: Challenges and Solutions. Cardiol Res 2021; 12:149-155. [PMID: 34046108 PMCID: PMC8139746 DOI: 10.14740/cr1244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Rampantly spreading around the globe and taking thousands of lives each day, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) may present with varied cardiovascular manifestations. Those with evidence of myocardial injury have a worse prognosis too. Patients with pre-existing cardiovascular diseases or risk factors are at greater risk of adverse outcomes and mortality by this infection. Being highly contagious, measures to prevent cross-infection are of paramount importance. In this article, the authors summarize the various cardiovascular manifestations of COVID-19 and precautions needed while handling them and the long-term consequences of COVID-19 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prachi Sharma
- Department of Cardiology, King George Medical University, Lucknow, India
| | - Akshyaya Pradhan
- Department of Cardiology, King George Medical University, Lucknow, India
| | - Shweta Vohra
- Department of Cardiology, King George Medical University, Lucknow, India
| | - Rishi Sethi
- Department of Cardiology, King George Medical University, Lucknow, India
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Zaccone G, Tomasoni D, Italia L, Lombardi CM, Metra M. Myocardial Involvement in COVID-19: an Interaction Between Comorbidities and Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction. A Further Indication of the Role of Inflammation. Curr Heart Fail Rep 2021; 18:99-106. [PMID: 33890193 PMCID: PMC8062114 DOI: 10.1007/s11897-021-00509-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF THE REVIEW Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) and cardiovascular (CV) disease have a close relationship that emerged from the earliest reports. The aim of this review is to show the possible associations between COVID-19 and heart failure (HF) with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). RECENT FINDINGS In hospitalized patients with COVID-19, the prevalence of HFpEF is high, ranging from 4 to 16%, probably due to the shared cardio-metabolic risk profile. Indeed, comorbidities including hypertension, diabetes, obesity and chronic kidney disease - known predictors of a severe course of COVID-19 - are major causes of HFpEF, too. COVID-19 may represent a precipitating factor leading to acute decompensation of HF in patients with known HFpEF and in those with subclinical diastolic dysfunction, which becomes overt. COVID-19 may also directly or indirectly affect the heart. In otherwise healthy patients, echocardiographic studies showed that the majority of COVID-19 patients present diastolic (rather than systolic) impairment, pulmonary hypertension and right ventricular dysfunction. Such abnormalities are observed both in the acute or subacute phase of COVID-19. Cardiac magnetic resonance reveals myocardial inflammation and fibrosis in up to the 78% of patients in the chronic phase of the disease. These findings suggest that COVID-19 might be a novel independent risk factor for the development of HFpEF, through the activation of a systemic pro-inflammatory state. Follow-up studies are urgently needed to better understand long-term sequelae of COVID-19 inflammatory cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregorio Zaccone
- Cardiology, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences, and Public Health, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Daniela Tomasoni
- Cardiology, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia, Italy.
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences, and Public Health, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy.
| | - Leonardo Italia
- Cardiology, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences, and Public Health, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Carlo Mario Lombardi
- Cardiology, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences, and Public Health, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Marco Metra
- Cardiology, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences, and Public Health, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
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Geraiely B, Samiei N, Sadeghipour P, Talasaz AH, Mortazavi SH, Sattarzadeh Badkoubeh R. COVID-19 and Cardiovascular Diseases. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1318:263-291. [PMID: 33973184 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-63761-3_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
We herein seek to expound on up-to-the-minute information regarding cardiovascular disease in the era of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) by highlighting acute myocardial injury caused by COVID-19 and probing into its pathophysiology, clinical signs, diagnostic tests, and treatment modalities. We aim to share the latest research findings vis-à-vis cardiovascular disease patients with confirmed or suspected COVID-19 on the association between hypertension and this infectious disease along with the relevant recommendations; describe the mechanism of coronary artery disease in such patients together with the necessary measures in the setting of non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndrome, ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction, and chronic coronary syndrome; discuss tachy- and bradyarrhythmias in the COVID-19 setting alongside their treatments; elucidate coagulopathies, venous thromboembolism, and its prophylactic measures in the context of this infection; set out the cardiopulmonary resuscitation protocol as well as the pertinent safety concerns during the current pandemic; and, finally, explicate drug-drug interactions between COVID-19 and cardiovascular medication in hypertension, acute coronary syndrome, heart failure, venous thromboembolism, and arrhythmias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babak Geraiely
- Department of Cardiology, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Niloufar Samiei
- Heart Valve Disease Research Center, Rajaie Cardiovascular, Medical, and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parham Sadeghipour
- Cardiovascular Intervention Research Center, Rajaie Cardiovascular, Medical, and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azita H Talasaz
- Tehran Heart Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Roya Sattarzadeh Badkoubeh
- Department of Cardiology, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Daisley H, Rampersad A, Daisley M, Ramdin A, Acco O, Narinesingh F, Humphrey O. COVID-19: a closer look at the pathology in two autopsied cases. Is the pericyte at the center of the pathological process in COVID-19? AUTOPSY AND CASE REPORTS 2021; 11:e2021262. [PMID: 34307223 PMCID: PMC8214877 DOI: 10.4322/acr.2021.262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
We performed autopsies on two cases of COVID-19. The microcirculations of all organs were the site of the pathological findings. Thrombotic microangiopathy was found in the brain and also the kidneys. Vasculitis was also a feature of the autopsy findings, together with portal triaditis of the liver. The major pathological findings in both cases were fibrin deposits. Within the lung, the fibrin deposits were observed in the alveolar microcirculation in sub-endothelial locations of capillaries, arterioles, post capillary venules, and the adventitia of larger vessels. These fibrin deposits in the lungs occurred at the sites where pericytes are located in these vessels. The pericyte with its high concentration of ACE-2 receptors and its procoagulant state may represent one of the primary sites of action of SARS-CoV-2. A review of pericytes in health and disease is undertaken. COVID-19 is a disease of the microcirculation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hubert Daisley
- General Hospital San Fernando, Department of Pathology, Trinidad, West Indies
| | - Arlene Rampersad
- General Hospital San Fernando, Department of Pathology, Trinidad, West Indies
| | - Martina Daisley
- Scarborough General Hospital, Department of Accident and Emergency, Tobago, West Indies
| | - Amit Ramdin
- General Hospital San Fernando, Department of Pathology, Trinidad, West Indies
| | - Oneka Acco
- General Hospital San Fernando, Department of Pathology, Trinidad, West Indies
| | | | - Ornella Humphrey
- University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad, West Indies
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Sharma YP, Agstam S, Yadav A, Gupta A, Gupta A. Cardiovascular manifestations of COVID-19: An evidence-based narrative review. Indian J Med Res 2021; 153:7-16. [PMID: 33818464 PMCID: PMC8184068 DOI: 10.4103/ijmr.ijmr_2450_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The recent outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization on March 11, 2020. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative agent of COVID-19, primarily involves the respiratory system with viral pneumonia as a predominant manifestation. In addition, SARS-CoV-2 has various cardiovascular manifestations which increase morbidity and mortality in COVID-19. Patients with underlying cardiovascular diseases and conventional cardiovascular risk factors are predisposed for COVID-19 with worse prognosis. The possible mechanisms of cardiovascular injury are endothelial dysfunction, diffuse microangiopathy with thrombosis and increased angiotensin II levels. Hyperinflammation in the myocardium can result in acute coronary syndrome, myocarditis, heart failure, cardiac arrhythmias and sudden death. The high level of cardiac troponins and natriuretic peptides in the early course of COVID-19 reflects an acute myocardial injury. The complex association between COVID-19 and cardiovascular manifestations requires an in-depth understanding for appropriate management of these patients. Till the time a specific antiviral drug is available for COVID-19, treatment remains symptomatic. This review provides information on the cardiovascular risk factors and cardiovascular manifestations of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yash Paul Sharma
- Department of Cardiology, Advanced Cardiac Centre, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Sourabh Agstam
- Department of Cardiology, Vardhman Mahavir Medical College & Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Ashutosh Yadav
- Department of Cardiology, Fortis Hospital, Mohali, Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar, Punjab, India
| | - Anunay Gupta
- Department of Cardiology, Vardhman Mahavir Medical College & Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Ankur Gupta
- Department of Cardiology, Advanced Cardiac Centre, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh, India
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Bellamine A, Pham TNQ, Jain J, Wilson J, Sahin K, Dallaire F, Seidah NG, Durkee S, Radošević K, Cohen ÉA. L-Carnitine Tartrate Downregulates the ACE2 Receptor and Limits SARS-CoV-2 Infection. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13041297. [PMID: 33919991 PMCID: PMC8071056 DOI: 10.3390/nu13041297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been responsible for one of the worst pandemics in modern history. Several prevention and treatment strategies have been designed and evaluated in recent months either through the repurposing of existing treatments or the development of new drugs and vaccines. In this study, we show that L-carnitine tartrate supplementation in humans and rodents led to significant decreases of key host dependency factors, notably angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), transmembrane protease serine 2 (TMPRSS2), and Furin, which are responsible for viral attachment, viral spike S-protein cleavage, and priming for viral fusion and entry. Interestingly, pre-treatment of Calu-3, human lung epithelial cells, with L-carnitine tartrate led to a significant and dose-dependent inhibition of the infection by SARS-CoV-2. Infection inhibition coincided with a significant decrease in ACE2 mRNA expression levels. These data suggest that L-carnitine tartrate should be tested with appropriate trials in humans for the possibility to limit SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aouatef Bellamine
- Lonza Consumer Health, Morristown, NJ 07960, USA;
- Correspondence: (A.B.); (É.A.C.)
| | - Tram N. Q. Pham
- Institut de Recherche Clinique de Montreal, Montreal, QC H2W1R7, Canada; (T.N.Q.P.); (J.J.); (F.D.); (N.G.S.)
| | - Jaspreet Jain
- Institut de Recherche Clinique de Montreal, Montreal, QC H2W1R7, Canada; (T.N.Q.P.); (J.J.); (F.D.); (N.G.S.)
| | - Jacob Wilson
- Applied Science and Performance Institute, Tampa, FL 33607, USA;
| | - Kazim Sahin
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Firat University, Elazig 23119, Turkey;
| | - Frederic Dallaire
- Institut de Recherche Clinique de Montreal, Montreal, QC H2W1R7, Canada; (T.N.Q.P.); (J.J.); (F.D.); (N.G.S.)
| | - Nabil G. Seidah
- Institut de Recherche Clinique de Montreal, Montreal, QC H2W1R7, Canada; (T.N.Q.P.); (J.J.); (F.D.); (N.G.S.)
| | - Shane Durkee
- Lonza Consumer Health, Morristown, NJ 07960, USA;
| | | | - Éric A. Cohen
- Institut de Recherche Clinique de Montreal, Montreal, QC H2W1R7, Canada; (T.N.Q.P.); (J.J.); (F.D.); (N.G.S.)
- Department of Microbiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
- Correspondence: (A.B.); (É.A.C.)
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Peng X, Wang Y, Xi X, Jia Y, Tian J, Yu B, Tian J. Promising Therapy for Heart Failure in Patients with Severe COVID-19: Calming the Cytokine Storm. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 2021; 35:231-247. [PMID: 33404925 PMCID: PMC7786163 DOI: 10.1007/s10557-020-07120-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) pandemic poses a serious global threat to human health and the economy. Based on accumulating evidence, its continuous progression involves not only pulmonary injury but also damage to the cardiovascular system due to intertwined pathophysiological risks. As a point of convergence in the pathophysiologic process between COVID-19 and heart failure (HF), cytokine storm induces the progression of COVID-19 in patients presenting pre-existing or new onset myocardial damage and even HF. Cytokine storm, as a trigger of the progression of HF in patients with COVID-19, has become a novel focus to explore therapies for target populations. In this review, we briefly introduce the basis of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and illuminate the mechanism and links among COVID-19, cytokine storm, and HF. Furthermore, we discuss drugs and therapeutic targets for patients with COVID-19 and HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Peng
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 246 Xuefu Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150086, China
- The Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Harbin Medical University, Ministry of Education, 246 Xuefu Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150086, China
| | - Yani Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 246 Xuefu Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150086, China
- The Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Harbin Medical University, Ministry of Education, 246 Xuefu Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150086, China
| | - Xiangwen Xi
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 246 Xuefu Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150086, China
- The Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Harbin Medical University, Ministry of Education, 246 Xuefu Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150086, China
| | - Ying Jia
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 246 Xuefu Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150086, China
- The Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Harbin Medical University, Ministry of Education, 246 Xuefu Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150086, China
| | - Jiangtian Tian
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 246 Xuefu Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150086, China
- The Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Harbin Medical University, Ministry of Education, 246 Xuefu Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150086, China
| | - Bo Yu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 246 Xuefu Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150086, China
- The Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Harbin Medical University, Ministry of Education, 246 Xuefu Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150086, China
| | - Jinwei Tian
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 246 Xuefu Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150086, China.
- The Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Harbin Medical University, Ministry of Education, 246 Xuefu Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150086, China.
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Diabetic Systems Medicine, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541000, Guangxi, China.
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Wang H, Saha AK, Sun X, Kon ND, Ferrario CM, Groban L. Atrial appendage angiotensin-converting enzyme-2, aging and cardiac surgical patients: a platform for understanding aging-related coronavirus disease-2019 vulnerabilities. Curr Opin Anaesthesiol 2021; 34:187-198. [PMID: 33606395 PMCID: PMC8249166 DOI: 10.1097/aco.0000000000000965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Hospitalizations for COVID-19 dramatically increase with age. This is likely because of increases in fragility across biological repair systems and a weakened immune system, including loss of the cardiorenal protective arm of the renin--angiotensin system (RAS), composed of angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE2)/angiotensin-(1--7) [Ang-(1--7)] and its actions through the Mas receptor. The purpose of this review is to explore how cardiac ACE2 changes with age, cardiac diseases, comorbid conditions and pharmaceutical regimens in order to shed light on a potential hormonal unbalance facilitating SARs-CoV-2 vulnerabilities in older adults. RECENT FINDINGS Increased ACE2 gene expression has been reported in human hearts with myocardial infarction, cardiac remodeling and heart failure. We also found ACE2 mRNA in atrial appendage tissue from cardiac surgical patients to be positively associated with age, elevated by certain comorbid conditions (e.g. COPD and previous stroke) and increased in conjunction with patients' chronic use of antithrombotic agents and thiazide diuretics but not drugs that block the renin--angiotensin system. SUMMARY Cardiac ACE2 may have bifunctional roles in COVID-19 as ACE2 not only mediates cellular susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection but also protects the heart via the ACE2/Ang-(1--7) pathway. Linking tissue ACE2 from cardiac surgery patients to their comorbid conditions and medical regimens provides a unique latform to address the influence that altered expression of the ACE2/Ang-(1-7)/Mas receptor axis might have on SARs-CoV-2 vulnerability in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology of Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, North Carolina
- Department of Internal Medicine-Section of Molecular Medicine of Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, North Carolina
| | - Amit K. Saha
- Department of Anesthesiology of Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, North Carolina
| | - Xuming Sun
- Department of Anesthesiology of Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, North Carolina
| | - Neal D. Kon
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery of Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, North Carolina
| | - Carlos M. Ferrario
- Department of General Surgery of Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, North Carolina
| | - Leanne Groban
- Department of Anesthesiology of Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, North Carolina
- Department of Internal Medicine-Section of Molecular Medicine of Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, North Carolina
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47
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COVID-19 and Cardiovascular Disease: Issues of Diagnosis and Treatment. Fam Med 2021. [DOI: 10.30841/2307-5112.1.2021.231873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
COVID-19 affects not only the respiratory system, but also the cardiovascular system. The damage to the cardiovascular system in COVID-19 is multifactorial and several mechanisms are involved, including direct invasion, inflammation, thrombosis, autoantibody synthesis, and oxygen imbalance. The inflammation causes the release of cytokines, especially interleukin-6, and damage to cardiomyocytes. The overproduction of cytokines leads to an abnormal inflammatory response called a cytokine storm, which is believed to be the culprit in cardiovascular events in COVID-19 patients.
Cardiovascular disease is common in patients with COVID-19, and these patients are at increased risk of morbidity and mortality. There is still no data on cardiac dysfunction due to myocardial damage in patients recovering from COVID-19. Most often, this is normal heart function after complete recovery. But often there are myocardial damage and an increased level of troponin as a marker of the severity of the disease associated with a cytokine storm, hypoxia, vasopressors and blood clotting disorders. It is important for every physician to make a differential diagnosis between decompensated heart failure complicated by pulmonary infection and COVID-19 infection. Monitoring and influencing myocardial injury is extremely important in critically ill patients.
Treatment of COVID-19 patients with cardiovascular complications is mostly supportive. The role of pharmacological blocking of the reninangiotensin-aldosterone system in patients with cardiovascular disease and COVID-19 infection requires further research as the relationship appears to be very complex. To date, professional cardiological societies do not recommend canceling ACE inhibitors or agiotensin II receptor antagonists for patients taking these drugs for other indications. Special care should be taken about the potential cardiovascular side effects of the various therapies used to treat viral infections. When using them, daily monitoring of the QT interval on the ECG is proposed.
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Rumery K, Seo A, Jiang L, Choudhary G, Shah NR, Rudolph JL, Wu WC, Erqou S. Outcomes of coronavirus disease-2019 among veterans with pre-existing diagnosis of heart failure. ESC Heart Fail 2021; 8:2338-2344. [PMID: 33728800 PMCID: PMC8120381 DOI: 10.1002/ehf2.13291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims Pre‐existing cardiovascular disease in general and related risk factors have been associated with poor coronavirus disease‐2019 (COVID‐19) outcomes. However, data on outcomes of COVID‐19 among people with pre‐existing diagnosis of heart failure (HF) have not been studied in sufficient detail. We aimed to perform detailed characterization of the association of pre‐existing HF with COVID‐19 outcomes. Methods and results A retrospective cohort study based on Veterans Health Administration (VHA) data comparing 30 day mortality and hospital admission rates after COVID‐19 diagnosis among Veterans with and without pre‐existing diagnosis of HF. Cox‐regression models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) with adjustment for covariates. Among 31 051 veterans (97% male) with COVID‐19, 6148 had pre‐existing diagnosis of HF. The mean (SD) age of patients with HF was 70 (13) whereas the mean (SD) age of patients without HF was 57 (17). Within the HF group with available data on left ventricular ejection fraction (EF), 1844 patients (63.4%) had an EF of >45%, and 1063 patients (36.6%) had an EF of ≤45%. Patients in the HF cohort had higher 30 day mortality (5.4% vs. 1.5%) and admission (18.5% vs. 8.4%) rates after diagnosis of COVID‐19. After adjustment for age, sex, and race, HRs (95% CIs) for 30 day mortality and for 30 day hospital admissions were 1.87 (1.61–2.17) and 1.79 (1.66–1.93), respectively. After additional adjustment for medical comorbidities, HRs for 30 day mortality and for 30 day hospital admissions were 1.37 (1.15–1.64) and 1.27 (1.16–1.38), respectively. The findings were similar among HF patients with preserved vs. reduced EF, among those taking vs. not taking angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors, angiotensin receptor blockers or angiotensin receptor neprilysin inhibitors, and among those taking vs. not taking anticoagulants. Conclusions Patients with COVID‐19 and pre‐existing diagnosis of HF had a higher risk of 30 day mortality and hospital admissions compared to those without history of HF. The findings were similar by EF categories and by angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors/angiotensin receptor blocker/angiotensin receptor neprilysin inhibitors or anticoagulant use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle Rumery
- Department of Medicine, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Angie Seo
- Department of Medicine, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Lan Jiang
- Department of Medicine, Providence VA Medical Center, Providence, RI, USA.,Center of Innovation in Long Term Services and Supports, Providence VA Medical Center, Lifespan Cardiovascular Institute, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Gaurav Choudhary
- Department of Medicine, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.,Department of Medicine, Providence VA Medical Center, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Nishant R Shah
- Department of Medicine, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.,Department of Medicine, Providence VA Medical Center, Providence, RI, USA.,Center of Innovation in Long Term Services and Supports, Providence VA Medical Center, Lifespan Cardiovascular Institute, Providence, RI, USA.,School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - James L Rudolph
- Department of Medicine, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.,Department of Medicine, Providence VA Medical Center, Providence, RI, USA.,Center of Innovation in Long Term Services and Supports, Providence VA Medical Center, Lifespan Cardiovascular Institute, Providence, RI, USA.,School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Wen-Chih Wu
- Department of Medicine, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.,Department of Medicine, Providence VA Medical Center, Providence, RI, USA.,Center of Innovation in Long Term Services and Supports, Providence VA Medical Center, Lifespan Cardiovascular Institute, Providence, RI, USA.,School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Sebhat Erqou
- Department of Medicine, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.,Department of Medicine, Providence VA Medical Center, Providence, RI, USA.,Center of Innovation in Long Term Services and Supports, Providence VA Medical Center, Lifespan Cardiovascular Institute, Providence, RI, USA
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49
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Rao VN, Kelsey MD, Kelsey AM, Russell SD, Mentz RJ, Patel MR, Fudim M. Acute cardiovascular hospitalizations and illness severity before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Clin Cardiol 2021; 44:656-664. [PMID: 33682157 PMCID: PMC8119829 DOI: 10.1002/clc.23590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cardiovascular disease (CVD) hospitalizations declined worldwide during the COVID‐19 pandemic. It is unclear how shelter‐in‐place orders affected acute CVD hospitalizations, illness severity, and outcomes. Hypothesis COVID‐19 pandemic was associated with reduced acute CVD hospitalizations (heart failure [HF], acute coronary syndrome [ACS], and stroke [CVA]), and worse HF illness severity. Methods We compared acute CVD hospitalizations at Duke University Health System before and after North Carolina's shelter‐in‐place order (January 1–March 29 vs. March 30–August 31), and used parallel comparison cohorts from 2019. We explored illness severity among admitted HF patients using ADHERE (“high risk”: >2 points) and GWTG‐HF (“>10%”: >57 points) in‐hospital mortality risk scores, as well as echocardiography‐derived parameters. Results Comparing hospitalizations during January 1–March 29 (N = 1618) vs. March 30–August 31 (N = 2501) in 2020, mean daily CVD hospitalizations decreased (18.2 vs. 16.1 per day, p = .0036), with decreased length of stay (8.4 vs. 7.5 days, p = .0081) and no change in in‐hospital mortality (4.7 vs. 5.3%, p = .41). HF hospitalizations decreased (9.0 vs. 7.7 per day, p = .0019), with higher ADHERE (“high risk”: 2.5 vs. 4.5%; p = .030), but unchanged GWTG‐HF (“>10%”: 5.3 vs. 4.6%; p = .45), risk groups. Mean LVEF was lower (39.0 vs. 37.2%, p = .034), with higher mean LV mass (262.4 vs. 276.6 g, p = .014). Conclusions CVD hospitalizations, HF illness severity, and echocardiography measures did not change between admission periods in 2019. Evaluating short‐term data, the COVID‐19 shelter‐in‐place order was associated with reductions in acute CVD hospitalizations, particularly HF, with no significant increase in in‐hospital mortality and only minor differences in HF illness severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishal N Rao
- Division of Cardiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA.,Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Michelle D Kelsey
- Division of Cardiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA.,Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Anita M Kelsey
- Division of Cardiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Stuart D Russell
- Division of Cardiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Robert J Mentz
- Division of Cardiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA.,Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Manesh R Patel
- Division of Cardiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA.,Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Marat Fudim
- Division of Cardiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA.,Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
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50
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Khanam FTZ, Chahl LA, Chahl JS, Al-Naji A, Perera AG, Wang D, Lee Y, Ogunwa TT, Teague S, Nguyen TXB, McIntyre TD, Pegoli SP, Tao Y, McGuire JL, Huynh J, Chahl J. Noncontact Sensing of Contagion. J Imaging 2021; 7:28. [PMID: 34460627 PMCID: PMC8321279 DOI: 10.3390/jimaging7020028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The World Health Organization (WHO) has declared COVID-19 a pandemic. We review and reduce the clinical literature on diagnosis of COVID-19 through symptoms that might be remotely detected as of early May 2020. Vital signs associated with respiratory distress and fever, coughing, and visible infections have been reported. Fever screening by temperature monitoring is currently popular. However, improved noncontact detection is sought. Vital signs including heart rate and respiratory rate are affected by the condition. Cough, fatigue, and visible infections are also reported as common symptoms. There are non-contact methods for measuring vital signs remotely that have been shown to have acceptable accuracy, reliability, and practicality in some settings. Each has its pros and cons and may perform well in some challenges but be inadequate in others. Our review shows that visible spectrum and thermal spectrum cameras offer the best options for truly noncontact sensing of those studied to date, thermal cameras due to their potential to measure all likely symptoms on a single camera, especially temperature, and video cameras due to their availability, cost, adaptability, and compatibility. Substantial supply chain disruptions during the pandemic and the widespread nature of the problem means that cost-effectiveness and availability are important considerations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatema-Tuz-Zohra Khanam
- School of Engineering, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes Campus, Adelaide, SA 5095, Australia; (A.A.-N.); (A.G.P.); (D.W.); (Y.H.L.); (T.T.O.); (S.T.); (T.X.B.N.); (T.D.M.); (S.P.P.); (Y.T.); (J.L.M.); (J.H.); (J.C.)
| | - Loris A. Chahl
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW 2308, Australia;
| | - Jaswant S. Chahl
- The Chahl Medical Practice, P.O. Box 2300, Dangar, NSW 2309, Australia;
| | - Ali Al-Naji
- School of Engineering, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes Campus, Adelaide, SA 5095, Australia; (A.A.-N.); (A.G.P.); (D.W.); (Y.H.L.); (T.T.O.); (S.T.); (T.X.B.N.); (T.D.M.); (S.P.P.); (Y.T.); (J.L.M.); (J.H.); (J.C.)
- Electrical Engineering Technical College, Middle Technical University, Al Doura, Baghdad 10022, Iraq
| | - Asanka G. Perera
- School of Engineering, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes Campus, Adelaide, SA 5095, Australia; (A.A.-N.); (A.G.P.); (D.W.); (Y.H.L.); (T.T.O.); (S.T.); (T.X.B.N.); (T.D.M.); (S.P.P.); (Y.T.); (J.L.M.); (J.H.); (J.C.)
| | - Danyi Wang
- School of Engineering, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes Campus, Adelaide, SA 5095, Australia; (A.A.-N.); (A.G.P.); (D.W.); (Y.H.L.); (T.T.O.); (S.T.); (T.X.B.N.); (T.D.M.); (S.P.P.); (Y.T.); (J.L.M.); (J.H.); (J.C.)
| | - Y.H. Lee
- School of Engineering, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes Campus, Adelaide, SA 5095, Australia; (A.A.-N.); (A.G.P.); (D.W.); (Y.H.L.); (T.T.O.); (S.T.); (T.X.B.N.); (T.D.M.); (S.P.P.); (Y.T.); (J.L.M.); (J.H.); (J.C.)
| | - Titilayo T. Ogunwa
- School of Engineering, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes Campus, Adelaide, SA 5095, Australia; (A.A.-N.); (A.G.P.); (D.W.); (Y.H.L.); (T.T.O.); (S.T.); (T.X.B.N.); (T.D.M.); (S.P.P.); (Y.T.); (J.L.M.); (J.H.); (J.C.)
| | - Samuel Teague
- School of Engineering, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes Campus, Adelaide, SA 5095, Australia; (A.A.-N.); (A.G.P.); (D.W.); (Y.H.L.); (T.T.O.); (S.T.); (T.X.B.N.); (T.D.M.); (S.P.P.); (Y.T.); (J.L.M.); (J.H.); (J.C.)
| | - Tran Xuan Bach Nguyen
- School of Engineering, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes Campus, Adelaide, SA 5095, Australia; (A.A.-N.); (A.G.P.); (D.W.); (Y.H.L.); (T.T.O.); (S.T.); (T.X.B.N.); (T.D.M.); (S.P.P.); (Y.T.); (J.L.M.); (J.H.); (J.C.)
| | - Timothy D. McIntyre
- School of Engineering, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes Campus, Adelaide, SA 5095, Australia; (A.A.-N.); (A.G.P.); (D.W.); (Y.H.L.); (T.T.O.); (S.T.); (T.X.B.N.); (T.D.M.); (S.P.P.); (Y.T.); (J.L.M.); (J.H.); (J.C.)
| | - Simon P. Pegoli
- School of Engineering, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes Campus, Adelaide, SA 5095, Australia; (A.A.-N.); (A.G.P.); (D.W.); (Y.H.L.); (T.T.O.); (S.T.); (T.X.B.N.); (T.D.M.); (S.P.P.); (Y.T.); (J.L.M.); (J.H.); (J.C.)
| | - Yiting Tao
- School of Engineering, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes Campus, Adelaide, SA 5095, Australia; (A.A.-N.); (A.G.P.); (D.W.); (Y.H.L.); (T.T.O.); (S.T.); (T.X.B.N.); (T.D.M.); (S.P.P.); (Y.T.); (J.L.M.); (J.H.); (J.C.)
| | - John L. McGuire
- School of Engineering, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes Campus, Adelaide, SA 5095, Australia; (A.A.-N.); (A.G.P.); (D.W.); (Y.H.L.); (T.T.O.); (S.T.); (T.X.B.N.); (T.D.M.); (S.P.P.); (Y.T.); (J.L.M.); (J.H.); (J.C.)
| | - Jasmine Huynh
- School of Engineering, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes Campus, Adelaide, SA 5095, Australia; (A.A.-N.); (A.G.P.); (D.W.); (Y.H.L.); (T.T.O.); (S.T.); (T.X.B.N.); (T.D.M.); (S.P.P.); (Y.T.); (J.L.M.); (J.H.); (J.C.)
| | - Javaan Chahl
- School of Engineering, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes Campus, Adelaide, SA 5095, Australia; (A.A.-N.); (A.G.P.); (D.W.); (Y.H.L.); (T.T.O.); (S.T.); (T.X.B.N.); (T.D.M.); (S.P.P.); (Y.T.); (J.L.M.); (J.H.); (J.C.)
- Joint and Operations Analysis Division, Defence Science and Technology Group, Melbourne, VIC 3207, Australia
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