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Jia L, Song Y, You F, Wang S, Rabiya UE, Liu X, Huang L, Wang L, Khan WUD. Ameliorating the detrimental effects of chromium in wheat by silicon nanoparticles and its enriched biochar. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 950:175270. [PMID: 39111436 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.175270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Revised: 07/30/2024] [Accepted: 08/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
Increased anthropogenic activities over the last decades have led to a gradual increase in chromium (Cr) content in the soil, which, due to its high mobility in soil, makes Cr accumulation in plants a serious threat to the health of animals and humans. The present study investigated the ameliorative effect of foliar-applied Si nanoparticles (SiF) and soil-applied SiNPs enriched biochar (SiBc) on the growth of wheat in Cr-polluted soil (CPS). Two levels of CPS were prepared, including 12.5 % and 25 % by adding Cr-polluted wastewater in the soil as soil 1 (S1) and soil 2 (S2), respectively for the pot experiment with a duration of 40 days. Cr stress significantly reduced wheat growth, however, combined application of SiF and SiBc improved root and shoot biomass production under Cr stress by (i) reducing Cr accumulation, (ii) increasing activities of antioxidant enzymes (ascorbate peroxidase and catalase), and (iii) increasing protein and total phenolic contents in both root and shoot respectively. Nonetheless, separate applications of SiF and SiBc effectively reduced Cr toxicity in shoot and root respectively, indicating a tissue-specific regulation of wheat growth under Cr. Later, the Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherm analysis showed a maximum soil Cr adsorption capacity ∼ Q(max) of 40.6 mg g-1 and 59 mg g-1 at S1 and S2 respectively, while the life cycle impact assessment showed scores of -1 mg kg-1 and -211 mg kg-1 for Cr in agricultural soil and - 0.184 and - 38.7 for human health at S1 and S2 respectively in response to combined SiF + SiBC application, thus indicating the environment implication of Si nanoparticles and its biochar in ameliorating Cr toxicity in different environmental perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Jia
- College of Food and Drug, Luoyang Normal University, China
| | - Yue Song
- College of Food and Drug, Luoyang Normal University, China
| | - Fangfang You
- College of Food and Drug, Luoyang Normal University, China
| | - Sujun Wang
- Luoyang Customs, National Republic of China, Luoyang, Henan 471000, China
| | - Umm E Rabiya
- Department of Agriculture, Government College University Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Xing Liu
- International Research Center for Environmental Membrane Biology, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Liping Huang
- International Research Center for Environmental Membrane Biology, Foshan University, Foshan, China.
| | - Liye Wang
- College of Food and Drug, Luoyang Normal University, China
| | - Waqas Ud Din Khan
- Department of Agriculture, Government College University Lahore, Pakistan; School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
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Meng Y, Li M, Guo Z, Chen J, Wu J, Xia Z. The transcription factor ZmbHLH105 confers cadmium tolerance by promoting abscisic acid biosynthesis in maize. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 480:135826. [PMID: 39270588 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.135826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2024] [Revised: 08/25/2024] [Accepted: 09/11/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd), a highly toxic heavy metal, profoundly impacts crop productivity. The bHLH-type transcription factors regulate plant stress responses, yet their involvement in maize's Cd stress response remains unclear. Here, we studied ZmbHLH105, a maize bHLH gene induced by Cd exposure. Overexpression of ZmbHLH105 in maize seedlings, which were treated with 1.0 mM CdCl2 for 7 days, increased endogenous ABA levels, decreased Cd accumulation, and enhanced Cd stress tolerance. ZmbHLH105 directly bound to promoter regions of two key ABA biosynthesis genes ZmNCED1/2, activating their transcription, thus boosting ABA levels and Cd tolerance. ZmbHLH105-overexpression promoted lignin synthesis, while ZmbHLH105-RNAi attenuated this effect. Exogenous ABA supplementation increased lignin content in Cd-stressed maize roots, suggesting ZmbHLH105-mediated Cd tolerance involves ABA-induced lignin deposition and cell wall thickening. Moreover, Cd transport-related gene expression was suppressed in ZmbHLH105 overexpression lines. Our findings demonstrate that ZmbHLH105 decreases Cd accumulation, improving Cd tolerance by enhancing ABA biosynthesis, increasing lignin deposition, thickening cell walls, and inhibiting Cd absorption in maize roots. This study unveils ZmbHLH105's mechanisms in Cd tolerance, highlighting its potential in breeding low Cd-accumulating crops for food and environment safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yazhou Meng
- College of Life Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450046, China
| | - Mengyao Li
- College of Life Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450046, China
| | - Ziting Guo
- College of Life Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450046, China
| | - Jiafa Chen
- College of Life Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450046, China; Synergetic Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops and State Key Laboratory of Wheat & Maize Crop Science, Zhengzhou, Henan 450046, China
| | - Jianyu Wu
- College of Life Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450046, China; Synergetic Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops and State Key Laboratory of Wheat & Maize Crop Science, Zhengzhou, Henan 450046, China
| | - Zongliang Xia
- College of Life Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450046, China; Synergetic Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops and State Key Laboratory of Wheat & Maize Crop Science, Zhengzhou, Henan 450046, China.
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3
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Chen W, Sun Q, Wang J, Wu Y, Zhu B, Qin L. Colonization by the endophytic fungus Phyllosticta fallopiae combined with the element Si promotes the growth of Dendrobium nobile. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 274:133343. [PMID: 38925191 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.133343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Endophytic fungi can promote plant growth and development, particularly of Orchidaceae species. Previously, we found that the endophytic fungus Phyllosticta fallopiae DN14, collected from Dendrobium nobile growing on rocks in a wild habitat, significantly promoted growth of its host plant D. nobile, an important herb in Chinese traditional medicine that contains the bioactive component dendrobine. Phyllosticta was positively correlated with FW and dendrobine content of D. nobile and with Si content of the epiphytic matrix. Si is also highly beneficial for the growth and productivity of many plants. Here, we co-cultured D. nobile with P. fallopiae DN14 in half-strength Murashige and Skoog medium with and without various concentrations of Si to investigate the effects of DN14 and Si on plant fresh weight and dendrobine content. We also explored the effects of DN14 infection and colonization on host plant growth, Si accumulation and transport, and expression of key genes, as well as the interaction between DN14 and Si. The combination of DN14 and Si promoted the lignification of D. nobile roots, stems, and leaves and markedly increased the thickening of xylem cell walls. Co-culture with DN14 increased transport of Si from roots to stems and from stems to leaves. Transcriptome sequencing and qRT-PCR analyses showed that enhancement of D. nobile growth by DN14 and Si may involve upregulation of plant hormone-related genes (AUX/IAA and MYC) and lignin biosynthesis genes (HCT, PAL1, and PAL2). Insoluble Si promoted the growth of DN14, perhaps through downregulation of genes (e.g., FBP, MPI, RPIAD) related to carbohydrate metabolism, and DN14 in turn promoted the transformation of insoluble Si into soluble Si for plant uptake. These findings demonstrate that endophytic fungi and Si can improve the growth of D. nobile and therefore show promise as organic amendments for commercial cultivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhua Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, PR China
| | - Qingmei Sun
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, PR China
| | - Jingxuan Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, PR China
| | - Yutong Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, PR China
| | - Bo Zhu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, PR China.
| | - Luping Qin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, PR China.
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Xie J, Cao B, Xu K. Uncovering the dominant role of root lignin accumulation in silicon-induced resistance to drought in tomato. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 259:129075. [PMID: 38161004 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.129075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
The role of lignin accumulation in silicon-induced resistance has not been fully elucidated. Based on the finding that the root cell wall is protected by silicon, this study explored the role of lignin accumulation in silicon-induced drought resistance in tomato. The decreased silicon concentration of the root confirmed the dominant role of lignin accumulation in silicon-induced drought resistance. The lignin monomer content in the root was enhanced by silicon, and was accompanied by the enhancement of drought resistance. Histochemical and transcriptional analyses of lignin showed that lignin accumulation was promoted by silicon under drought stress. In addition, in the root zone, silicon-induced lignin accumulation increased as the distance from the root tip increased under drought stress. Surprisingly, the Dwarf gene was upregulated by silicon in the roots. Micro Tom Dwarf gene mutation and Micro Tom-d + Dwarf gene functional complementation were further used to confirm that Dwarf regulates the spatial accuracy of SHR expression in the root. Therefore, root lignin accumulation plays a dominant role in silicon-induced drought resistance in tomato and the regulation of spatial accuracy of root lignification by silicon under drought stress is through the BR pathway, thereby avoiding the inhibition of root growth caused by root lignification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Xie
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, Shandong 271018, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production in Shandong, Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops in Huanghuai Region, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China
| | - Bili Cao
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, Shandong 271018, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production in Shandong, Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops in Huanghuai Region, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China.
| | - Kun Xu
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, Shandong 271018, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production in Shandong, Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops in Huanghuai Region, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China.
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Rineau F, Groh J, Claes J, Grosjean K, Mench M, Moreno-Druet M, Povilaitis V, Pütz T, Rutkowska B, Schröder P, Soudzilovskaia NA, Swinnen X, Szulc W, Thijs S, Vandenborght J, Vangronsveld J, Vereecken H, Verhaege K, Žydelis R, Loit E. Limited effects of crop foliar Si fertilization on a marginal soil under a future climate scenario. Heliyon 2024; 10:e23882. [PMID: 38192753 PMCID: PMC10772710 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e23882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Growing crops on marginal lands is a promising solution to alleviate the increasing pressure on agricultural land in Europe. Such crops will however be at the same time exposed to increased drought and pathogen prevalence, on already challenging soil conditions. Some sustainable practices, such as Silicon (Si) foliar fertilization, have been proposed to alleviate these two stress factors, but have not been tested under controlled, future climate conditions. We hypothesized that Si foliar fertilization would be beneficial for crops under future climate, and would have cascading beneficial effects on ecosystem processes, as many of them are directly dependent on plant health. We tested this hypothesis by exposing spring barley growing on marginal soil macrocosms (three with, three without Si treatment) to 2070 climate projections in an ecotron facility. Using the high-capacity monitoring of the ecotron, we estimated C, water, and N budgets of every macrocosm. Additionally, we measured crop yield, the biomass of each plant organ, and characterized bacterial communities using metabarcoding. Despite being exposed to water stress conditions, plants did not produce more biomass with the foliar Si fertilization, whatever the organ considered. Evapotranspiration (ET) was unaffected, as well as water quality and bacterial communities. However, in the 10-day period following two of the three Si applications, we measured a significant increase in C sequestration, when climate conditions where significantly drier, while ET remained the same. We interpreted these results as a less significant effect of Si treatment than expected as compared with literature, which could be explained by the high CO2 levels under future climate, that reduces need for stomata opening, and therefore sensitivity to drought. We conclude that making marginal soils climate proof using foliar Si treatments may not be a sufficient strategy, at least in this type of nutrient-poor, dry, sandy soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francois Rineau
- Environmental Biology, Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Jannis Groh
- Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation – Soil Science and Soil Ecology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Institute of Bio- and Geoscience (IBG-3, Agrosphere), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
- Research Area 1 “Landscape Functioning,” Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Müncheberg, Germany
| | - Julie Claes
- Environmental Biology, Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Kristof Grosjean
- Environmental Biology, Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Michel Mench
- Univ. Bordeaux, INRAE, Biogeco, Bat B2, Allée G. St-Hilaire, F-33615 Pessac cedex, France
| | - Maria Moreno-Druet
- Environmental Biology, Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Virmantas Povilaitis
- Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry, Akademija, LT-58344, Kedainiai distr. Lithuania
| | - Thomas Pütz
- Institute of Bio- and Geoscience (IBG-3, Agrosphere), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
| | - Beata Rutkowska
- Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Peter Schröder
- Research Unit Environmental Simulation, Helmholtz Center for Environmental Health, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | | | - Xander Swinnen
- Environmental Biology, Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Wieslaw Szulc
- Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Sofie Thijs
- Environmental Biology, Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Jan Vandenborght
- Institute of Bio- and Geoscience (IBG-3, Agrosphere), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
| | - Jaco Vangronsveld
- Environmental Biology, Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Harry Vereecken
- Institute of Bio- and Geoscience (IBG-3, Agrosphere), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
| | - Kasper Verhaege
- Environmental Biology, Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Renaldas Žydelis
- Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry, Akademija, LT-58344, Kedainiai distr. Lithuania
| | - Evelin Loit
- Estonian University of Life Sciences, Chair of Field Crops and Plant Biology, 51006 Tartu, Estonia
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Cheng J, Jiao R, Sun Q. Free-standing N, S co-doped graphene aerogels coupled with Eucalyptus wood tar-based activated carbon and cellulose nanofibers for high-performance supercapacitor and removal of Cr(VI). Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 254:127542. [PMID: 37907178 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
N, S-dual doping graphene aerogels with three dimensional interconnected network and large specific surface area have been fabricated by cellulose nanofibers (CNF), Eucalyptus wood tar-based activated carbon (AC), and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) for the energy storage applications as well as the removal of Cr(VI). Benefiting from the particular pore structural characteristics, the optimized activated carbon aerogel electrode (GDAC) exhibited prominent capacitances of 813.8 F/g at 1 A/g, and prominent cycling stability. The Ragone plot for the GDAC supercapacitor depicted that the energy density reached maximum (50 Wh/kg) when the power density was 370 W/kg. As far as the adsorption capacity of GDAC for Cr(VI), GDAC achieved a removal rate of 97 % for Cr(VI) and a maximum adsorption capacity of 939.20 mg/g. The fabrication method and excellent performance of GDAC proposed in this study provided new perspective into the potential application of Eucalyptus wood tar-based materials in the supercapacitor applications. Additionally, the comprehensive analysis of the structure-function relationship also provided important theoretical foundations for the removal of Cr(VI).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Cheng
- Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China; Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Ruzhen Jiao
- Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China; Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Qiwu Sun
- Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China; Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China; State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest Resources, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China.
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Xu R, Huang J, Guo H, Wang C, Zhan H. Functions of silicon and phytolith in higher plants. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2023; 18:2198848. [PMID: 37031433 PMCID: PMC10085572 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2023.2198848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Silicon (Si) is abundant in the lithosphere, and previous studies have confirmed that silicon plays an important role in plant growth. Higher plants absorb soluble silicon from soil through roots which is deposited in plant tissues mainly in the form of phytoliths. Based on previous studies, the research progress in silicon and phytoliths in the structural protection, enhancement on photosynthesis and transpiration of plants and plant growth and stress resistance was reviewed. Meanwhile, gaps in phytolith research, including phytolith morphology and function, impact of diverse environmental factors coupling with phytoliths, phytolith characteristics at different stages of plant development and phytoliths in regional vegetation are identified. The paper intends to promote the wider application of phytolith research findings and provides reference for further research on phytoliths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Xu
- Key Laboratory for Sympodial Bamboo Research, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
- Science and Technology Innovation Team of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
| | - Jianfeng Huang
- Yunnan Academy of Biodiversity/College of Biodiversity and Conservation, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
| | - Huijun Guo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, China
| | - Changming Wang
- Key Laboratory for Sympodial Bamboo Research, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
- Science and Technology Innovation Team of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
- College of Forestry, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
- Changming Wang Key Laboratory for Sympodial Bamboo Research, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
| | - Hui Zhan
- Key Laboratory for Sympodial Bamboo Research, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
- Science and Technology Innovation Team of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
- College of Forestry, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
- CONTACT Hui Zhan
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Pan W, Zhang HJ, Zhang YF, Wang M, Tsui MTK, Yang L, Miao AJ. Silica nanoparticle accumulation in plants: current state and future perspectives. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:15079-15091. [PMID: 37697950 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr02221h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
With their excellent biocompatibility, adjustable size, and high specific surface area, silica nanoparticles (SiO2 NPs) offer an alternative to traditional bulk fertilizers as a means to promote sustainable agriculture. SiO2 NPs have been shown to promote the growth of plants and to reduce the negative effects of biotic and abiotic stresses, but their bioaccumulation is a crucial factor that has been overlooked in studies of their biological effects. In this review, the techniques to quantify and visualize SiO2 NPs in plants were examined first. We then provide a summary of the current state of knowledge on the accumulation, translocation, and transformation of SiO2 NPs in plants and of the factors (e.g., the physicochemical properties of SiO2 NPs, plant species, application mode, and environmental conditions) that influence SiO2 NP bioaccumulation. The challenges in analyzing NP-plant interactions are considered as well. We conclude by identifying areas for further research that will advance our understanding of NP-plant interactions and thus contribute to more sustainable, eco-friendly, nano-enabled approaches to improving crop nutrient supplies. The information presented herein is important to improve the delivery efficiency of SiO2 NPs for precision and sustainable agriculture and to assess the safety of SiO2 NPs during their application in agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210023, PR China.
| | - Hong-Jie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210023, PR China.
| | - Yu-Feng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210023, PR China.
| | - Mei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210023, PR China.
| | - Martin Tsz-Ki Tsui
- School of Life Sciences, Earth and Environmental Sciences Programme, State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
| | - Liuyan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210023, PR China.
| | - Ai-Jun Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210023, PR China.
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Shasmita, Swain BB, Mishra S, Mohapatra PK, Naik SK, Mukherjee AK. Chemopriming for induction of disease resistance against pathogens in rice. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 334:111769. [PMID: 37328072 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2023.111769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Rice is an important grain crop of Asian population. Different fungal, bacterial and viral pathogens cause large reduction in rice grain production. Use of chemical pesticides, to provide protection against pathogens, has become incomplete due to pathogens resistance and is cause of environmental concerns. Therefore, induction of resistance in rice against pathogens via biopriming and chemopriming with safe and novel agents has emerged on a global level as ecofriendly alternatives that provide protection against broad spectrum of rice pathogens without any significant yield penalty. In the past three decades, a number of chemicals such as silicon, salicylic acid, vitamins, plant extract, phytohormones, nutrients etc. have been used to induce defense against bacterial, fungal and viral rice pathogens. From the detailed analysis of abiotic agents used, it has been observed that silicon and salicylic acid are two potential chemicals for inducing resistance against fungal and bacterial diseases in rice, respectively. However, an inclusive evaluation of the potential of different abiotic agents to induce resistance against rice pathogens is lacking due to which the studies on induction of defense against rice pathogens via chemopriming has become disproportionate and discontinuous. The present review deals with a comprehensive analysis of different abiotic agents used to induce defense against rice pathogens, their mode of application, mechanism of defense induction and the effect of defense induction on grain yield. It also provides an account of unexplored areas, which might be taken into attention to efficiently manage rice diseases. DATA AVAILABILITY STATEMENT: Data sharing not applicable to this article as no datasets were generated or analysed during the current study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shasmita
- Molecular Plant Pathology Laboratory, Division of Crop Protection, ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack 753006, Odisha, India; Department of Botany, Ravenshaw University, Cuttack 753003, Odisha, India
| | | | - Smrutirekha Mishra
- Department of Botany, Ravenshaw University, Cuttack 753003, Odisha, India
| | | | | | - Arup Kumar Mukherjee
- Molecular Plant Pathology Laboratory, Division of Crop Protection, ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack 753006, Odisha, India.
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Cao X, Chen X, Liu Y, Wang C, Yue L, Elmer WH, White JC, Wang Z, Xing B. Lanthanum Silicate Nanomaterials Enhance Sheath Blight Resistance in Rice: Mechanisms of Action and Soil Health Evaluation. ACS NANO 2023; 17:15821-15835. [PMID: 37553292 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c03701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
In the current study, foliar spray with lanthanum (La) based nanomaterials (La10Si6O27 nanorods, La10Si6O27 nanoparticle, La(OH)3 nanorods, and La2O3 nanoparticle) suppressed the occurrence of sheath blight (Rhizoctonia solani) in rice. The beneficial effects were morphology-, composition-, and concentration-dependent. Foliar application of La10Si6O27 nanorods (100 mg/L) yielded the greatest disease suppression, significantly decreasing the disease severity by 62.4% compared with infected controls; this level of control was 2.7-fold greater than the commercially available pesticide (Thifluzamide). The order of efficacy was as follows: La10Si6O27 nanorods > La10Si6O27 nanoparticle > La(OH)3 nanorods > La2O3 nanoparticle. Mechanistically, (1) La10Si6O27 nanorods had greater bioavailability, slower dissolution, and simultaneous Si nutrient benefits; (2) transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses revealed that La10Si6O27 nanorods simultaneously strengthened rice systemic acquired resistance, physical barrier formation, and antioxidative systems. Additionally, La10Si6O27 nanorods improved rice yield by 35.4% and promoted the nutritional quality of the seeds as compared with the Thifluzamide treatment. A two-year La10Si6O27 nanorod exposure had no effect on soil health based on the evaluated chemical, physical, and biological soil properties. These findings demonstrate that La based nanomaterials can serve as an effective and sustainable strategy to safeguard crops and highlight the importance of nanomaterial composition and morphology in terms of optimizing benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuesong Cao
- Institute of Environmental Processes and Pollution control, and School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Energy and Carbon Reduction Technology, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anaerobic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Xiaofei Chen
- Institute of Environmental Processes and Pollution control, and School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Energy and Carbon Reduction Technology, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anaerobic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Yinglin Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Chuanxi Wang
- Institute of Environmental Processes and Pollution control, and School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Energy and Carbon Reduction Technology, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anaerobic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Le Yue
- Institute of Environmental Processes and Pollution control, and School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Energy and Carbon Reduction Technology, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anaerobic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Wade H Elmer
- The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States
| | - Jason C White
- The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States
| | - Zhenyu Wang
- Institute of Environmental Processes and Pollution control, and School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Energy and Carbon Reduction Technology, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anaerobic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Material of Water Treatment, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Baoshan Xing
- Stockbridge School of Agriculture, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
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11
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Agrawal R, Kumar A, Mohammed MKA, Singh S. Biomaterial types, properties, medical applications, and other factors: a recent review. JOURNAL OF ZHEJIANG UNIVERSITY. SCIENCE. A 2023. [PMCID: PMC9986044 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.a2200403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
Biomaterial research has been going on for several years, and many companies are heavily investing in new product development. However, it is a contentious field of science. Biomaterial science is a field that combines materials science and medicine. The replacement or restoration of damaged tissues or organs enhances the patient’s quality of life. The deciding aspect is whether or not the body will accept a biomaterial. A biomaterial used for an implant must possess certain qualities to survive a long time. When a biomaterial is used for an implant, it must have specific properties to be long-lasting. A variety of materials are used in biomedical applications. They are widely used today and can be used individually or in combination. This review will aid researchers in the selection and assessment of biomaterials. Before using a biomaterial, its mechanical and physical properties should be considered. Recent biomaterials have a structure that closely resembles that of tissue. Anti-infective biomaterials and surfaces are being developed using advanced antifouling, bactericidal, and antibiofilm technologies. This review tries to cover critical features of biomaterials needed for tissue engineering, such as bioactivity, self-assembly, structural hierarchy, applications, heart valves, skin repair, bio-design, essential ideas in biomaterials, bioactive biomaterials, bioresorbable biomaterials, biomaterials in medical practice, biomedical function for design, biomaterial properties such as biocompatibility, heat response, non-toxicity, mechanical properties, physical properties, wear, and corrosion, as well as biomaterial properties such surfaces that are antibacterial, nanostructured materials, and biofilm disrupting compounds, are all being investigated. It is technically possible to stop the spread of implant infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reeya Agrawal
- VLSI Research Centre, GLA University, 281406 Mathura, India
- Microelectronics & VLSI Lab, National Institute of Technology, Patna, 800005 India
| | - Anjan Kumar
- VLSI Research Centre, GLA University, 281406 Mathura, India
| | - Mustafa K. A. Mohammed
- Radiological Techniques Department, Al-Mustaqbal University College, 51001 Hillah Babylon, Iraq
| | - Sangeeta Singh
- Microelectronics & VLSI Lab, National Institute of Technology, Patna, 800005 India
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12
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Ahmed S, Iqbal M, Ahmad Z, Iqbal MA, Artyszak A, Sabagh AEL, Alharby HF, Hossain A. Foliar application of silicon-based nanoparticles improve the adaptability of maize (Zea mays L.) in cadmium contaminated soils. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:41002-41013. [PMID: 36626058 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-25189-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metals (HMs) especially cadmium (Cd) absorbed by the roots of crop plants like maize have emerged as one of the most serious threats by causing stunted plant growth along with disturbing the photosynthetic machinery and nutrient homeostasis process. A trial was conducted for inducing Cd stress tolerance in maize by exogenous application of silicon nanoparticles (SiNPs) using five doses of SiNPs (0, 100, 200, 300, and 400 ppm) and three levels of Cd (0, 15, and 30 ppm) for maize hybrid (SF-9515). The response variables included morphological traits and biochemical parameters of maize. The results indicated that Cd level of 30 ppm remained the most drastic for maize plants by recording the minimum traits such as shoot length (39.35 cm), shoot fresh weight (9.52 g) and shoot dry weight (3.20 g), leaf pigments such as chlorophyll a (0.55 mg/g FW), chlorophyll b (0.27 mg/g FW), total contents (0.84 mg/g FW), and carotenoid contents (0.19 µg/g FW). Additionally, the same Cd level disrupted biochemical traits such as TSP (4.85 mg/g FW), TP (252.94 nmol/g FW), TSAA (18.92 µmol g-1 FW), TSS (0.85 mg/g FW), and antioxidant activities such as POD (99.39 min-1 g-1 FW), CAT (81.58 min-1 g-1 FW), APX (2.04 min-1 g-1 FW), and SOD (172.79 min-1 g-1 FW). However, a higher level of Cd resulted in greater root length (87.63 cm), root fresh weight (16.43 g), and root dry weight (6.14 g) along with higher Cd concentration in the root (2.52 µg/g-1) and shoot (0.48 µg/g-1). The silicon nanoparticles (Si NPs) treatment significantly increased all measured attributes of maize. The highest value was noted of all the parameters such as chlorophyll a (0.91 mg/g FW), chlorophyll b (0.57 mg/g FW), total chlorophyll contents (1.48 mg/g FW), total carotenoid contents (0.40 µg/g FW), TSP (6.12 mg/g FW), TP (384.56 nmol/g FW), TSAA (24.64 µmol g-1 FW), TSS (1.87 mg/g FW), POD (166.10 min-1 g-1 FW), CAT (149.54 min-1 g-1 FW), APX (3.49 min-1 g-1 FW), and SOD (225.57 min-1 g-1 FW). Based on recorded findings, it might be inferred that higher levels of Cd tend to drastically reduce morpho-physiological traits of maize and foliage-applied silver nanoparticles hold the potential to ameliorate the adverse effect of Cd stress on maize.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarfraz Ahmed
- Department of Botany, University of Okara, Okara, 56300, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Iqbal
- Department of Botany, University of Okara, Okara, 56300, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Zahoor Ahmad
- Department of Botany, University of Central Punjab, Constituent College, Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Aamir Iqbal
- Department of Agronomy, University of Poonch Rawalakot, Azad Kashmir, Poonch Rawalakot, Pakistan
| | - Arkadiusz Artyszak
- Department of Agronomy, Warsaw, University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ayman E L Sabagh
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Shaikh, Egypt
- Department of Field Crops, Faculty of Agriculture, Siirt University, Siirt, Turkey
| | - Hesham F Alharby
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Plant Biology Research Group, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Akbar Hossain
- Soil Science Division, Bangladesh Wheat and Maize Research Institute, Dinajpur, 5200, Bangladesh
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13
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Hu Y, Zhou X, Shi A, Yu Y, Rensing C, Zhang T, Xing S, Yang W. Exogenous silicon promotes cadmium (Cd) accumulation in Sedum alfredii Hance by enhancing Cd uptake and alleviating Cd toxicity. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1134370. [PMID: 36895873 PMCID: PMC9988946 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1134370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Soil Cadmium (Cd) pollution has become a serious environmental problem. Silicon (Si) plays key roles in alleviating Cd toxicity in plants. However, the effects of Si on mitigation of Cd toxicity and accumulation of Cd by hyperaccumulators are largely unknown. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of Si on Cd accumulation and the physiological characteristics of Cd hyperaccumulator Sedum alfredii Hance under Cd stress. Results showed that, exogenous Si application promoted the biomass, Cd translocation and concentration of S. alfredii, with an increased rate of 21.74-52.17% for shoot biomass, and 412.39-621.00% for Cd accumulation. Moreover, Si alleviated Cd toxicity by: (i) increasing chlorophyll contents, (ii) improving antioxidant enzymes, (iii) enhancing cell wall components (lignin, cellulose, hemicellulose and pectin), (iv) raising the secretion of organic acids (oxalic acid, tartaric acid and L-malic acid). The RT-PCR analysis of genes that involved in Cd detoxification showed that the expression of SaNramp3, SaNramp6, SaHMA2 and SaHMA4 in roots were significantly decreased by 11.46-28.23%, 6.61-65.19%, 38.47-80.87%, 44.80-69.85% and 33.96-71.70% in the Si treatments, while Si significantly increased the expression of SaCAD. This study expanded understanding on the role of Si in phytoextraction and provided a feasible strategy for assisting phytoextraction Cd by S. alfredii. In summary, Si facilitated the Cd phytoextraction of S. alfredii by promoting plant growth and enhancing the resistance of plants to Cd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Hu
- Key Laboratory of Soil Ecosystem Health and Regulation of Fujian Provincial University, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xueqi Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Soil Ecosystem Health and Regulation of Fujian Provincial University, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - An Shi
- Key Laboratory of Soil Ecosystem Health and Regulation of Fujian Provincial University, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yanshuang Yu
- Key Laboratory of Soil Ecosystem Health and Regulation of Fujian Provincial University, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Christopher Rensing
- Key Laboratory of Soil Ecosystem Health and Regulation of Fujian Provincial University, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Taoxiang Zhang
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Shihe Xing
- Key Laboratory of Soil Ecosystem Health and Regulation of Fujian Provincial University, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Wenhao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Soil Ecosystem Health and Regulation of Fujian Provincial University, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
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Sodium silicate accelerates the deposition of lignin and silicon by activating the biosynthesis of lignin monolignols and increasing the relative silicon content in muskmelon wounds. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2023.114605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
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Miao W, Li F, Lu J, Wang D, Chen M, Tang L, Xu Z, Chen W. Biochar application enhanced rice biomass production and lodging resistance via promoting co-deposition of silica with hemicellulose and lignin. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 855:158818. [PMID: 36122710 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Revised: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Biochar, an environmentally friendly soil amendment, is created via a series of thermochemical processes from carbon-rich organic matter. The biochar addition enhances soil characteristics dramatically and increases crop growth and yields. However, the mechanism by which biochar improves plant lodging resistance, which is heavily influenced by cell walls, remains unknown. Three rice cultivars were grown in an experimental field provided with four concentrations of biochar (10, 20, 30, 40 t ha-1). The biochar application enhanced biomass production and lodging resistance in all three cultivars by up to 29 % and 22 %, respectively, with the largest improvement at a biochar application rate of 30 t ha-1. Biochar application significantly enhanced stem cell wall-related characteristics, with an increase in stem breaking force, wall thickness, and plumpness of 52 %, 32 %, and 21 %, respectively, which are suggested to be major contributors to enhanced lodging resistance and biomass yield. Notably, cell wall composition and silica content analysis indicated a significant increase in hemicellulose, lignin, and silica content in biochar-treated samples up to 36 %, 13 %, and 58 %, respectively, when compared to plants not treated with biochar. Integrative analysis suggested that silica, hemicellulose, and lignin were co-deposited in cell walls, which influenced biomass production and lodging resistance. Furthermore, the transcriptome profile revealed that biochar application increased the expression of genes involved in biomass production, cell wall formation, and silica deposition. This study suggests that biochar application might improve both biomass production and lodging resistance by promoting the co-deposition of silicon with hemicellulose and lignin in cell walls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Miao
- Rice Research Institute, Shenyang Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Northern geng Super Rice Breeding, Ministry of Education, Shenyang 110866, China.
| | - Fengcheng Li
- Rice Research Institute, Shenyang Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Northern geng Super Rice Breeding, Ministry of Education, Shenyang 110866, China.
| | - Jiancheng Lu
- Rice Research Institute, Shenyang Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Northern geng Super Rice Breeding, Ministry of Education, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Donglei Wang
- Rice Research Institute, Shenyang Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Northern geng Super Rice Breeding, Ministry of Education, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Mingkai Chen
- Rice Research Institute, Shenyang Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Northern geng Super Rice Breeding, Ministry of Education, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Liang Tang
- Rice Research Institute, Shenyang Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Northern geng Super Rice Breeding, Ministry of Education, Shenyang 110866, China.
| | - Zhengjin Xu
- Rice Research Institute, Shenyang Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Northern geng Super Rice Breeding, Ministry of Education, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Wenfu Chen
- Rice Research Institute, Shenyang Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Northern geng Super Rice Breeding, Ministry of Education, Shenyang 110866, China.
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16
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Dong Q, Tao Q, Li B, Huang R, Xu Q, Li H, Shen J, Chen X, Li Q, Tang X, Kačík F, Kováč J, Ďurkovič J, Wu Y, Wang C. The mechanism of enhanced lignin regulating foliar Cd absorption and yield in rice (Oryza sativa L.). ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 249:114481. [PMID: 38321693 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.114481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
The impact of atmospheric deposition of cadmium (Cd) in cereal crops has become a global concern. Enhanced lignin content was expected to benefit the plant performance against Cd exposure. To date, however, the underlying mechanisms of lignin regulating foliar Cd absorption in rice (Oryza sativa L.) and its effect on grain yield remains unclear. In present study, the effect and mechanism of rice in response to leaf Cd exposure were investigated using 113Cd stable isotope and a lignin-increased rice mutant. The highest Cd uptake efficiency and uptake amount was observed in wild type (WT) plant grown in the maturity period, which were 3-fold higher than in mutant plant. Compared to WT, the mutant exhibited 14.75% and 25.43% higher contents in G- and S-unit of lignin monomers. Lignin biosynthesis and polymerization related genes (OsPAL/OsCOMT/Os4CL3/OsLAC5/OsLAC15) were significantly up-regulated in mutants. In addition, the enzyme activities involved in the above process were also significantly increased by 1.24-1.49-fold. The increased Cd retention in cell wall and decreased gene expression levels of OsNRAMP5, OsHMA3 and OsIRT1 in mutant indicated that lignin effectively inhibited Cd transportion in plant tissues. Moreover, the antioxidant capacity and photosynthesis efficiency in mutant plant were obviously improved, leading to higher Cd tolerance and increased grain yield. Our results revealed the molecular and physiological mechanisms of enhanced lignin regulating foliar Cd absorption and yield in rice, and provided the valuable rice genotype to ensure food safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Dong
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Qi Tao
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Bing Li
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Rong Huang
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Qiang Xu
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Huanxiu Li
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Jie Shen
- China-Croatia "Belt and Road" Joint Laboratory on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services, CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization & Ecological Restoration and Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xi Chen
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Qiquan Li
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xiaoyan Tang
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - František Kačík
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies, Technical University in Zvolen, 96001 Zvolen, Slovakia
| | - Ján Kováč
- Department of Phytology, Technical University in Zvolen, 96001 Zvolen, Slovakia
| | - Jaroslav Ďurkovič
- Department of Phytology, Technical University in Zvolen, 96001 Zvolen, Slovakia
| | - Yingjie Wu
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
| | - Changquan Wang
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
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Shi Y, Guo S, Zhao X, Xu M, Xu J, Xing G, Zhang Y, Ahammed GJ. Comparative physiological and transcriptomics analysis revealed crucial mechanisms of silicon-mediated tolerance to iron deficiency in tomato. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1094451. [PMID: 36618612 PMCID: PMC9811145 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1094451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Iron (Fe) deficiency is a common abiotic stress in plants grown in alkaline soil that causes leaf chlorosis and affects root development due to low plant-available Fe concentration. Silicon (Si) is a beneficial element for plant growth and can also improve plant tolerance to abiotic stress. However, the effect of Si and regulatory mechanisms on tomato plant growth under Fe deficiency remain largely unclear. Here, we examined the effect of Si application on the photosynthetic capacity, antioxidant defense, sugar metabolism, and organic acid contents under Fe deficiency in tomato plants. The results showed that Si application promoted plant growth by increasing photosynthetic capacity, strengthening antioxidant defense, and reprogramming sugar metabolism. Transcriptomics analysis (RNA-seq) showed that Si application under Fe deficiency up-regulated the expression of genes related to antioxidant defense, carbohydrate metabolism and organic acid synthesis. In addition, Si application under Fe deficiency increased Fe distribution to leaves and roots. Combined with physiological assessment and molecular analysis, these findings suggest that Si application can effectively increase plant tolerance to low Fe stress and thus can be implicated in agronomic management of Fe deficiency for sustainable crop production. Moreover, these findings provide important information for further exploring the genes and underlying regulatory mechanisms of Si-mediated low Fe stress tolerance in crop plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Shi
- College of Horticulture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, China
| | - Shuxun Guo
- College of Horticulture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, China
| | - Xin Zhao
- College of Horticulture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, China
| | - Mengzhu Xu
- College of Horticulture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, China
| | - Jin Xu
- College of Horticulture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, China
| | - Guoming Xing
- College of Horticulture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, China
| | - Golam Jalal Ahammed
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, China
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Stress Resistance Regulation and Safe Production of Protected Vegetables, Luoyang, Henan, China
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Xia C, Bian J, Meng X, Guo J, Yang J, Wang X, Xia T. Effects of the Foliar Application of Water-soluble Chitosan or Na 2SiO 3 Fertilizer on the Pb Accumulation by a Low-Pb Accumulator Brassica napus Grown on Farmland Surrounding a Working Smelter. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2022; 109:1081-1087. [PMID: 36271926 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-022-03618-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Field experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of two foliar fertilizers, water-soluble chitosan (WSC) and Na2SiO3 (Si), on the accumulation of Pb by a low-Pb accumulator Brassica napus cultivar (QY-1) grown at two mildly Pb-contaminated farmland sites surrounding working smelters in Jiyuan city, Henan province, China. Regardless of the frequency of the fertilizer treatments, the foliar application of WSC (0.01%) or Si (0.15%) significantly increased the QY-1 biomass and decreased the grain Pb concentrations. Compared with the control treatment, spraying plants once with WSC or Si during the flowering period achieved the best effect in the two soils with different pollution, which may be because inhibiting the accumulation of Pb in grains by decreasing the husk-to-grain transfer coefficient. Thus, the foliar application of WSC or Si combined with the cultivation of a low-Pb accumulator is a promising approach for optimizing the utility of Pb-contaminated farmland affected by atmospheric deposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cunyan Xia
- College of Resource Environment and Tourism, Capital Normal University, 100048, Beijing, China
| | - Jianlin Bian
- College of Resource Environment and Tourism, Capital Normal University, 100048, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaofei Meng
- Centre for Environmental Remediation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Junmei Guo
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, 030600, Jinzhong, Shanxi, China
| | - Junxing Yang
- Centre for Environmental Remediation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China.
| | - Xuedong Wang
- College of Resource Environment and Tourism, Capital Normal University, 100048, Beijing, China
| | - Tianxiang Xia
- Laboratory for Risk Modeling and Remediation of Contaminated Sites, Beijing Municipal Research Institute of Environmental Protection, 100037, Beijing, China
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Luo Y, Chang Y, Li C, Wang Y, Cui H, Jin M, Wang Z, Li Y. Shading decreases lodging resistance of wheat under different planting densities by altering lignin monomer composition of stems. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1056193. [PMID: 36466230 PMCID: PMC9714359 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1056193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
To clarify the influences of shading stress and planting density on the lignin monomer composition of wheat stems and their relationship with lodging resistance, Lodging resistant variety Shannong 23 (SN23) and lodging sensitive variety Shannong 16 (SN16) were grown during 2018-2019 and 2019-2020 growing seasons. The planting densities were 150 × 104 plants ha-1 (D1), 225 × 104 plants ha-1 (D2) and 300 × 104 plants ha-1 (D3). At the jointing stage, an artificial shading shed was used to simulate shading stress. Then the effects of shading on stem morphological characteristics, lignin monomer composition and lodging resistance of wheat under different planting densities were studied. Results indicate that shading at the jointing stage increased the length of basal internodes and the plant height and moved the height of center of gravity (CG) upward. Moreover, the stem diameter and the wall thickness decreased by 0.10-0.53 mm and 0.18-0.40 mm, respectively. The stem filling degree was reduced accordingly. As indicated by the correlation analysis and the stepwise regression analysis, shading-induced lodging mainly resulted from changes in the stem morphological characteristics and lignin accumulation. The influential magnitude of these factors was ordered as follows: stem filling degree, wall thickness, lignin content, contents and proportions of monomers S and H, and length of the second internode. The expression abundance of TaPAL, TaCOMT, TaCCR, and TaCAD declined in response to shading stress and high planting density. As a result, the distribution ratios of photosynthetic carbon sources to lignin monomers S, G and H were changed. The lignin content of stems on the day 42 after the jointing stage decreased by 18.48%. The monomer S content decreased, while the content and proportion of monomer H increased, thus weakening the breaking strength of wheat stems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Yong Li
- *Correspondence: Yong Li, ; Zhenlin Wang,
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20
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Application of Exogenous Silicon for Alleviating Photosynthetic Inhibition in Tomato Seedlings under Low−Calcium Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232113526. [DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
To address the low Ca−induced growth inhibition of tomato plants, the mitigation effect of exogenous Si on tomato seedlings under low−Ca stress was investigated using different application methods. We specifically analyzed the effects of root application or foliar spraying of 1 mM Si on growth conditions, leaf photosynthetic properties, stomatal status, chlorophyll content, chlorophyll fluorescence, ATP activity and content, Calvin cycle−related enzymatic activity, and gene expression in tomato seedlings under low vs. adequate calcium conditions. We found that the low−Ca environment significantly affected (reduced) these parameters, resulting in growth limitation. Surprisingly, the application of 1 mM Si significantly increased plant height, stem diameter, and biomass accumulation, protected photosynthetic pigments, improved gas exchange, promoted ATP production, enhanced the activity of Calvin cycle key enzymes and expression of related genes, and ensured efficient photosynthesis to occur in plants under low−Ca conditions. Interestingly, when the same amount of Si was applied, the beneficial effects of Si were more pronounced under low−Ca conditions that under adequate Ca. We speculate that Si might promote the absorption and transport of calcium in plants. The effects of Si also differed depending on the application method; foliar spraying was better in alleviating photosynthetic inhibition in plants under low−Ca stress, whereas root application of Si significantly promoted root growth and development. Enhancing the photosynthetic capacity by foliar Si application is an effective strategy for ameliorating the growth inhibition of plants under low−Ca stress.
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21
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Dong X, Jiang C, Wei S, Jiao H, Ran K, Dong R, Wang S. The regulation of plant lignin biosynthesis under boron deficiency conditions. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2022; 174:e13815. [PMID: 36319444 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Revised: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Boron (B) is a required micronutrient that is crucial for the growth and development of vascular plants. A deficiency in B is generally regarded as a limiting factor affecting agricultural production in many parts of the world. Boron is involved in the metabolism of plant lignin and additionally, B deficiency can lead to the excessive accumulation of lignin in plant leaves/roots, resulting in corking symptoms and inhibited growth. However, the effect of B on lignin biosynthesis is not as well characterized as the specific function of B in the cell wall. In this article, recent studies on the regulation of lignin biosynthesis in plants under low-B stress conditions are reviewed. Moreover, the following possible mechanisms underlying the lignin synthesis promoted by B deficiency are discussed: (1) the accumulation of phenolic substances during B deficiency directly enhances lignin synthesis; (2) excess H2 O2 has a dual function to the enhancement of lignin under boron deficiency conditions, serving as a substrate and a signaling molecule; and (3) B deficiency regulates lignin synthesis through the expression of genes encoding transcription factors such as MYBs. Finally, future studies regarding physiology, molecules, and transcriptional regulation may reveal the mechanism(s) mediating the relationship between lignin synthesis and B deficiency. This review provides new insights and important references for future research and the enhancement of plant B nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochang Dong
- Shandong Institute of Pomology, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Tai'an, P.R. China
| | - Cuncang Jiang
- Microelement Research Center, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Shuwei Wei
- Shandong Institute of Pomology, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Tai'an, P.R. China
| | - Huijun Jiao
- Shandong Institute of Pomology, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Tai'an, P.R. China
| | - Kun Ran
- Shandong Institute of Pomology, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Tai'an, P.R. China
| | - Ran Dong
- Shandong Institute of Pomology, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Tai'an, P.R. China
| | - Shaomin Wang
- Shandong Institute of Pomology, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Tai'an, P.R. China
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22
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Zhao D, Luan Y, Shi W, Tang Y, Huang X, Tao J. Melatonin enhances stem strength by increasing lignin content and secondary cell wall thickness in herbaceous peony. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:5974-5991. [PMID: 35436332 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erac165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2022] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Cut flower quality is severely restrained by stem bending due to low stem strength. Melatonin has been shown to function in many aspects of plant growth and development, yet whether it can enhance stem strength, and the corresponding underlying mechanisms remain unclear. We investigated the role of melatonin in enhancement of stem strength in herbaceous peony (Paeonia lactiflora Pall.) by applying exogenous melatonin and changing endogenous melatonin biosynthesis. Endogenous melatonin content positively correlated with lignin content and stem strength in various P. lactiflora cultivars. Supplementation with exogenous melatonin significantly enhanced stem strength by increasing lignin content and the S/G lignin compositional ratio, up-regulating lignin biosynthetic gene expression. Moreover, overexpression of TRYPTOPHAN DECARBOXYLASE GENE (TDC) responsible for the first committed step of melatonin biosynthesis in tobacco, significantly increased endogenous melatonin, which further increased the S/G ratio and stem strength. In contrast, silencing PlTDC in P. lactiflora decreased endogenous melatonin, the S/G ratio and stem strength. Finally, manipulating the expression of CAFFEIC ACID O-METHYLTRANSFERASE GENE (COMT1), which is involved in both melatonin and lignin biosynthesis, showed even greater effects on melatonin, the S/G ratio and stem strength. Our results suggest that melatonin has a positive regulatory effect on P. lactiflora stem strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daqiu Zhao
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Yuting Luan
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Wenbo Shi
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Yuhan Tang
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Xingqi Huang
- Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Jun Tao
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
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23
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Shao R, Zhang J, Shi W, Wang Y, Tang Y, Liu Z, Sun W, Wang H, Guo J, Meng Y, Kang G, Jagadish KS, Yang Q. Mercury stress tolerance in wheat and maize is achieved by lignin accumulation controlled by nitric oxide. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 307:119488. [PMID: 35597486 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is an important phytohormone for plant adaptation to mercury (Hg) stress. The effect of Hg on lignin synthesis, NO production in leaf, sheath and root and their relationship were investigated in two members of the grass family - wheat and maize. Hg stress decreased growth and lignin contents, significantly affected phenylpropanoid and monolignol pathways (PAL, phenylalanine ammonia-lyase; 4-coumarate: CoA ligase, 4CL; cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase, CAD), with maize identified to be more sensitive to Hg stress than wheat. Among the tissue types, sheath encountered severe damage compared to leaves and roots. Hg translocation in maize was about twice that in wheat. Interestingly, total NO produced under Hg stress was significantly decreased compared to control, with maximum reduction of 43.4% and 42.9% in wheat and maize sheath, respectively. Regression analysis between lignin and NO contents or the activities of three enzymes including CAD, 4CL and PAL displayed the importance of NO contents, CAD, 4CL and PAL for lignin synthesis. Further, the gene expression profiles encoding CAD, 4CL and PAL provided support for the damaging effect of Hg on wheat sheath, and maize shoot. To validate NO potential to mitigate Hg toxicity in maize and wheat, NO donor and NO synthase inhibitor were supplemented along with Hg. The resulting phenotype, histochemical analysis and lignin contents showed that NO mitigated Hg toxicity by improving growth and lignin synthesis and accumulation. In summary, Hg sensitivity was higher in maize seedlings compared to wheat, which was associated with the lower lignin contents and reduced NO contents. External supplementation of NO is proposed as a sustainable approach to mitigate Hg toxicity in maize and wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruixin Shao
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Key Laboratory of Regulating and Controlling Crop Growth and Development Ministry of Education, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450046, China.
| | - Junjie Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Key Laboratory of Regulating and Controlling Crop Growth and Development Ministry of Education, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450046, China.
| | - Weiyu Shi
- Chongqing Jinfo Mountain Karst Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, School of Geographical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.
| | - Yongchao Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Key Laboratory of Regulating and Controlling Crop Growth and Development Ministry of Education, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450046, China.
| | - Yulou Tang
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Key Laboratory of Regulating and Controlling Crop Growth and Development Ministry of Education, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450046, China.
| | - Zikai Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Key Laboratory of Regulating and Controlling Crop Growth and Development Ministry of Education, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450046, China.
| | - Wei Sun
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Key Laboratory of Regulating and Controlling Crop Growth and Development Ministry of Education, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450046, China.
| | - Hao Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Key Laboratory of Regulating and Controlling Crop Growth and Development Ministry of Education, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450046, China.
| | - Jiameng Guo
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Key Laboratory of Regulating and Controlling Crop Growth and Development Ministry of Education, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450046, China.
| | - Yanjun Meng
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Key Laboratory of Regulating and Controlling Crop Growth and Development Ministry of Education, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450046, China.
| | - Guozhang Kang
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Key Laboratory of Regulating and Controlling Crop Growth and Development Ministry of Education, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450046, China.
| | - Krishna Sv Jagadish
- Department of Plant and Soil Science, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, 79410, USA.
| | - Qinghua Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Key Laboratory of Regulating and Controlling Crop Growth and Development Ministry of Education, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450046, China.
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24
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Raza A, Yin C, Asghar MA, Ihtisham M, Shafiq I, Cheng B, Ghafoor A, Javed HH, Iqbal T, Khan N, Liu W, Yang W. Foliar Application of NH 4 +/NO 3 - Ratios Enhance the Lodging Resistance of Soybean Stem by Regulating the Physiological and Biochemical Mechanisms Under Shade Conditions. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:906537. [PMID: 35937330 PMCID: PMC9353630 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.906537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Shading is one of the most chronic restrains which can lead to the lodging of intercropped plants. In order to increase the soybean stem lodging resistance, a 2-year field trial was conducted to evaluate the impact of different ratios and concentrations of NH4 +/NO3 - on the morpho-physiological and biochemical characteristics of soybean stem under shade conditions. The total 5 ratios of NH4 +/NO3 - were applied as follows: T0 = 0/0 (control), T1 = 0/100 (higher ratio), T2 = 25/75 (optimum), T3 = 50/50 (optimum), and T4 = 75/25 (higher ratio) as a nitrogen source. Our findings displayed that the T2 (25/75) and T3 (50/50) treatments alleviated the shading stress by improving the photosynthetic activity, biomass accumulation, carbohydrates contents, and lignin related enzymes (POD, CAD, and 4Cl) which led to improvement in stem lodging resistance. The correlation analysis (p ≤ 0.05, p ≤ 0.01) revealed the strong relationship between lodging resistance index and stem diameter, stem strength, lignin content, photosynthesis, and lignin related enzymes (POD, CAD, and 4CL) evidencing the strong contribution of lignin and its related enzymes in the improvement of lodging resistance of soybean stem under shade conditions. Collectively, we concluded that optimum NH4 +/NO3 - ratios (T2 and T3) can boost up the lodging resistance of soybean stem under shade stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Raza
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System, Chengdu, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization and Ecological Restoration and Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chunying Yin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization and Ecological Restoration and Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Muhammad Ahsan Asghar
- Department of Biological Resources, Agricultural Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, ELKH, Martonvásár, Hungary
| | - Muhammad Ihtisham
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Iram Shafiq
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System, Chengdu, China
| | - Bin Cheng
- Chengdu Da Mei Seeds Co., Ltd., Chengdu, China
| | - Abuzar Ghafoor
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | | | - Tauseef Iqbal
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Nawab Khan
- College of Management, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Weiguo Liu
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System, Chengdu, China
| | - Wenyu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System, Chengdu, China
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25
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Handa N, Gupta P, Khanna K, Kohli SK, Bhardwaj R, Alam P, Ahmad P. Aquaporin-mediated transport: Insights into metalloid trafficking. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2022; 174:e13687. [PMID: 35514154 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Revised: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Metalloids in plants have diverse physiological effects. From being essential to beneficial to toxic, they have significant effects on many physiological processes, influencing crop yield and quality. Aquaporins are a group of membrane channels that have several physiological substrates along with water. Metalloids have emerged as one of their important substrates and they are found to have a substantial role in regulating plant metalloid homeostasis. The present review comprehensively details the multiple isoforms of aquaporins having specificity for metalloids and being responsible for their influx, distribution or efflux. In addition, it also highlights the usage of aquaporin-mediated transport as a selection marker in toxic screens and as tracer elements for closely related metalloids. Therefore, aquaporins, with their imperative contribution to the regulation of plant growth, development and physiological processes, need more research to unravel the metalloid trafficking mechanisms and their future applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Handa
- Plant Stress Physiology Lab, Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India
| | - Pawan Gupta
- Department of Pharmacology, Shree S. K. Patel College of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Ganpat University, Kherva, Gujarat, India
| | - Kanika Khanna
- Plant Stress Physiology Lab, Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India
| | - Sukhmeen Kaur Kohli
- Plant Stress Physiology Lab, Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India
| | - Renu Bhardwaj
- Plant Stress Physiology Lab, Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India
| | - Pravej Alam
- Biology Department, College of Science and Humanities, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University (PSAU), Alkharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Parvaiz Ahmad
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Botany, GDC Pulwama, Pulwama, Jammu and Kashmir, India
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26
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Cheng B, Wang L, Liu R, Wang W, Yu R, Zhou T, Ahmad I, Raza A, Jiang S, Xu M, Liu C, Yu L, Wang W, Jing S, Liu W, Yang W. Shade-Tolerant Soybean Reduces Yield Loss by Regulating Its Canopy Structure and Stem Characteristics in the Maize-Soybean Strip Intercropping System. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:848893. [PMID: 35371167 PMCID: PMC8967133 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.848893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The shading of maize is an important factor, which leads to lodging and yield loss of soybean in the maize-soybean strip intercropping system, especially in areas with low solar radiation. This study was designed to explore how shade-tolerant soybean reduces yield loss by regulating its canopy structure and stem characteristics in the maize-soybean strip intercropping system. The soybean cultivars Tianlong No.1 (TL-1, representative of shade-tolerant plants) and Chuandou-16 (CD-16, representative of shade-intolerant plants) were grown in monocropping and intercropping systems from 2020 to 2021 in Chongzhou, Sichuan, China. Regardless of shade-intolerant or shade-tolerant soybean, the canopy and stem of soybean in strip intercropping were weaker than those of the corresponding monoculture. But compared with shade-intolerant soybean, the shade-tolerant soybean slightly changed its spatial structure of canopy and stem morphology and physiology in maize-soybean strip intercropping system, especially in the later growth stages. On the one hand, the canopy of shade-tolerant soybean showed relatively high transmission coefficient (TC) and relatively low leaf area index (LAI) and mean leaf angle (MLA). On the other hand, the stem of shade-tolerant soybean was obviously stronger than that of shade-intolerant soybean in terms of external morphology, internal structure, and physiological characteristics. Additionally, compared with shade-intolerant soybean, shade-tolerant soybean showed higher APnWP (the average net photosynthetic rate of the whole plant) and seed yield in the strip intercropping. The results showed that shade-tolerant soybean increased light energy capture and photosynthesis in the different canopy levels to promote the morphological and physiological development of the stem and ultimately reduce the yield loss of the strip intercropping system. However, the molecular mechanism of low radiation regulating soybean canopy structure (LAI, TC, and MLA) needs further in-depth research to provide theoretical guidance for cultivating plants with ideal canopy shape that can adapt to changing light environment in intercropping system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Cheng
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System, Chengdu, China
- Chengdu Da Mei Seeds Co., Ltd., Chengdu, China
| | - Li Wang
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, China
| | - Ranjin Liu
- Chengdu Da Mei Seeds Co., Ltd., Chengdu, China
- Crop Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Weibing Wang
- Quxian Agricultural and Rural Bureau, Dazhou, China
| | - Renwei Yu
- Quxian Agricultural and Rural Bureau, Dazhou, China
| | - Tao Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Irshan Ahmad
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, China
| | - Ali Raza
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization, Ecological Restoration Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Shengjun Jiang
- Chuanshanqu Agricultural and Rural Bureau, Suining, China
| | - Mei Xu
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, China
| | - Chunyan Liu
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, China
| | - Liang Yu
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, China
| | - Wenyan Wang
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, China
| | - Shuzhong Jing
- Chengdu Da Mei Seeds Co., Ltd., Chengdu, China
- Crop Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Weiguo Liu
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, China
| | - Wenyu Yang
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, China
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27
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Liu C, Feng B, Zhou Y, Liu C, Gong X. Exogenous brassinosteroids increases tolerance to shading by altering stress responses in mung bean (Vigna radiata L.). PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2022; 151:279-294. [PMID: 34846599 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-021-00887-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Plant steroidal hormones, brassinosteroids, play a key role in various developmental processes of plants and the adaptation to various environmental stresses. The purpose of this research was to evaluate the effect of exogenous 24-epibrassinolide (EBR) application on the morphology, photosynthetic characteristics, chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, photosynthetic enzymes activities, and endogenous hormone content of mung bean (Vigna radiata L.) leaves under shading stress environment. Two mung bean cultivars, Xilv 1 and Yulv 1, were tested. The results showed that all of the investigated data were significantly affected by shading stress; however, foliar application of EBR increased the net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance, and decreased intercellular CO2 concentration of mung bean leaves under shading condition. Increased photosynthetic capacity in EBR-treated leaves was accompanied by improvement in higher photosynthetic enzymes activities. EBR-treated leaves exhibited more quantum yield of PSII electron transport and efficiency of energy capture than the control, which was mainly due to clearer leaf anatomical structure such as palisade tissues and spongy tissues, further resulting in altered plant morphological characteristics. Moreover, the treatment with EBL regulated the endogenous hormone content, including the decreased gibberellins and increased brassinolide, although to different levels. Combined with the morphological and physiological responses, we concluded that exogenous EBR treatment is beneficial to enhancing plant tolerance to shading stress and mitigating injure from weak light. The modifications of the physiological metabolism through EBR application may be a potential strategy to weaken shading stress in the future sustainable agricultural production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunjuan Liu
- College of Agronomy, Shenyang Agricultural University, No. 120 Dongling Road, Shenyang, 110866, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Baili Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas/College of Agronomy, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Yufei Zhou
- College of Agronomy, Shenyang Agricultural University, No. 120 Dongling Road, Shenyang, 110866, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Chang Liu
- College of Agronomy, Shenyang Agricultural University, No. 120 Dongling Road, Shenyang, 110866, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangwei Gong
- College of Agronomy, Shenyang Agricultural University, No. 120 Dongling Road, Shenyang, 110866, Liaoning, People's Republic of China.
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas/College of Agronomy, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.
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28
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Shahrajabian MH, Sun W, Cheng Q. Foliar application of nutrients on medicinal and aromatic plants, the sustainable approaches for higher and better production. BENI-SUEF UNIVERSITY JOURNAL OF BASIC AND APPLIED SCIENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.1186/s43088-022-00210-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
The most important advantages of foliar fertilization are to improve plant growth and crop quality, appropriately manage the nutritional status of plants, enhance disease resistance and regulate nutrient deficiencies.
Main body
The aim of this manuscript is to outline and emphasize the importance of foliar application of nutrients in order to increase both quality and yield of medicinal and aromatic plants. The searches focused on publications from 1980 to July 2021 using PubMed, Google Scholar, Science Direct and Scopus databases. The current manuscript presented many examples of potential of foliar application for medicinal and aromatic plants production systems. Foliar application of Fe and Zn on Anise; Se on Atractylodes; Zn sulfate on Basil, Costmary, Mint and Fenugreek; Se and Fe on Stevia; S and P on castor bean; Zn and Fe on Chamomile; Cu, Mg and ZnSO4 on Damask rose; N and P on Fennel; Se on water spinach and tea; K+ and Ca2+ on Thyme; Zn and K on Spearmint; Zn on Saffron, Ni on Pot marigold; Fe on peppermint, N and P on Mustard had positive and significant impacts.
Conclusion
Observed impacts of foliar fertilization consisted of significant increase of yield, enhanced resistance to insects, pests and diseases, improved drought tolerance and escalated crop quality.
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29
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Gong X, Liu C, Dang K, Wang H, Du W, Qi H, Jiang Y, Feng B. Mung Bean ( Vigna radiata L.) Source Leaf Adaptation to Shading Stress Affects Not Only Photosynthetic Physiology Metabolism but Also Control of Key Gene Expression. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:753264. [PMID: 35185974 PMCID: PMC8854224 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.753264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Shading stress strongly limits the effective growth of plants. Understanding how plant morphogenesis and physiological adaptation are generated in response to the reduced low light conditions is important for food crop development. In this study, two mung bean (Vigna radiata L.) cultivars, namely, Xilv 1 and Yulv 1, were grown in the field to explore the effects of shading stress on their growth. The results of morphology, physiology, and biochemistry analyses showed that the shading stress significantly weakened the leaf photosynthetic capacity as measured by the decreased net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, and transpiration rate and increased intercellular CO2 concentration. These responses resulted in plant morphological characteristics that increased the light energy absorption in low light conditions. Such variations occurred due to the leaf anatomical structure with destroyed palisade tissues and spongy tissues. Under shading stress, Yulv 1 showed higher physiological metabolic intensity than Xilv 1, which was related to changes in chlorophyll (Chl), such as Chl a and b, and Chl a/b ratio. Compared with normal light conditions, the Chl fluorescence values, photosynthetic assimilation substances, and enzyme activities in mung bean plants under shading stress were reduced to different extent. In addition, the relative expression levels of VrGA2ox, VrGA20ox1, VrGA3ox1, VrROT3, and VrBZR1, which are related to endogenous hormone in mung bean leaves, were upregulated by shading stress, further leading to the improvements in the concentrations of auxin, gibberellins (GAs), and brassinolide (BR). Combined with the morphological, physiological, and molecular responses, Yulv 1 has stronger tolerance and ecological adaptability to shading stress than Xilv 1. Therefore, our study provides insights into the agronomic traits and gene expressions of mung bean cultivars to enhance their adaptability to the shading stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangwei Gong
- College of Agronomy, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Chunjuan Liu
- College of Agronomy, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ke Dang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Honglu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Wanli Du
- College of Agronomy, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Hua Qi
- College of Agronomy, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ying Jiang
- College of Agronomy, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
- *Correspondence: Ying Jiang,
| | - Baili Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- Baili Feng,
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Hu Y, Javed HH, Asghar MA, Peng X, Brestic M, Skalický M, Ghafoor AZ, Cheema HN, Zhang FF, Wu YC. Enhancement of Lodging Resistance and Lignin Content by Application of Organic Carbon and Silicon Fertilization in Brassica napus L. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:807048. [PMID: 35251081 PMCID: PMC8891806 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.807048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
This study was aimed to investigate the effects of organic carbon and silicon fertilizers on the lodging resistance, yield, and economic performance of rapeseed. Two cultivars, namely Jayou (lodging-resistant) and Chuannongyou (lodging-susceptible), were selected to evaluate the effects of various fertilizer treatments on rapeseed culm morphology, lignin accumulation, and their relationships with their lodging resistance indices. The results showed that both organic carbon and silicon fertilizer applications increased the plant height, basal stem diameter, internode plumpness, and bending strength of rapeseed in both the studied years. The bending strength was significantly and positively correlated with the lodging resistance index and lignin content. It was found that both organic carbon and silicon fertilizers had improved the activities of lignin biosynthesis enzymes (phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, 4-coumarate:CoA ligase, cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase, and peroxiredoxins) and their related genes to increase lignin accumulation in the culm, which ultimately improved the lodging resistance. At the same time, the thickness of the stem cortex, vascular bundle area, and xylem area was increased, and the stem strength was improved. The effect of silicon fertilizer was better than that of organic carbon fertilizer, but there was no significant difference with the mixed application of silicon fertilizer and organic carbon fertilizer. Similarly, silicon fertilizer increased the number of pods, significantly increased the yield, and improved the economic benefit, while organic carbon fertilizer had no significant effect on the yield. Therefore, we believe that organic carbon and silicon fertilizer can improve the lodging resistance of rape stems by improving the lignin accumulation and the mechanical tissue structure. Still, the effect of silicon fertilizer is the best. Considering the economic benefits, adding silicon fertilizer can obtain more net income than the mixed application of silicon fertilizer and organic carbon fertilizer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Hu
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China, Chengdu, China
| | - Hafiz Hassan Javed
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China, Chengdu, China
| | - Muhammad Ahsan Asghar
- Department of Biological Resources, Agricultural Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, ELKH, Martonvásár, Hungary
| | - Xiao Peng
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China, Chengdu, China
| | - Marian Brestic
- Department of Plant Physiology, Slovak University of Agriculture, Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Milan Skalický
- Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, Czech University of Life Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Abu Zar Ghafoor
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China, Chengdu, China
| | | | - Fang-Fang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China, Chengdu, China
| | - Yong-Cheng Wu
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Yong-Cheng Wu,
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Guo J, Ye D, Zhang X, Huang H, Wang Y, Zheng Z, Li T, Yu H. Characterization of cadmium accumulation in the cell walls of leaves in a low-cadmium rice line and strengthening by foliar silicon application. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 287:132374. [PMID: 34592211 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) remobilization in leaves is affected by whether Cd is stored in nonlabile subcellular compartments, which might be regulated by silicon (Si) application. However, the underlying mechanism is still far from being completely understood. In this research, the Cd distribution pattern in leaves and a Cd-binding characterization in the cell wall of the low-Cd rice line YaHui2816 were investigated through one hydroponic experiment with 10 μM Cd in solutions. Foliar Si application was further adopted to explore its influence on the Cd accumulation in the cell walls of leaves in YaHui2816. Most of the Cd (69.4%) was distributed in the cell walls of YaHui2816 leaves, whereas the isolated cell walls of leaves from YaHui2816 exhibited a lower capacity for Cd chemisorption than the contrasting line C268A, which was resulted from its fewer relative peak areas of functional groups in the cell wall, such as carboxyl CO and OH stretching. Foliar Si application significantly increased the Cd concentration in leaves and various cell wall fractions (pectin, hemicellulose 1 and residue) by 191% and 137-160%, respectively. RNA-seq analysis revealed that foliar Si application depressed the expression of the metal transporters OsZIP7 and OsZIP8, up-regulated the expression of genes participating in the glutathione metabolism and the cellulose synthesis. Overall, the influence of foliar Si application on Cd-accumulation in the cell wall of leaves in a low-Cd rice line was demonstrated in this research, which inspires further avenues to ensure the food safety of rice grains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyi Guo
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Daihua Ye
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Xizhou Zhang
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Huagang Huang
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Yongdong Wang
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Zicheng Zheng
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Tingxuan Li
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China.
| | - Haiying Yu
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China.
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Rastogi A, Yadav S, Hussain S, Kataria S, Hajihashemi S, Kumari P, Yang X, Brestic M. Does silicon really matter for the photosynthetic machinery in plants…? PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2021; 169:40-48. [PMID: 34749270 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Silicon (Si) is known to alleviate the adverse impact of different abiotic and biotic stresses by different mechanisms including morphological, physiological, and genetic changes. Photosynthesis, one of the most important physiological processes in the plant is sensitive to different stress factors. Several studies have shown that Si ameliorates the stress effects on photosynthesis by protecting photosynthetic machinery and its function. In stressed plants, several photosynthesis-related processes including PSII maximum photochemical quantum yield (Fv/Fm), the yield of photosystem II (φPSII), electron transport rates (ETR), and photochemical quenching (qP) were observed to be regulated when supplemented with Si, which indicates that Si effectively protects the photosynthetic machinery. In addition, studies also suggested that Si is capable enough to maintain the uneven swelling, disintegrated, and missing thylakoid membranes caused during stress. Furthermore, several photosynthesis-related genes were also regulated by Si supplementation. Taking into account the key impact of Si on the evolutionarily conserved process of photosynthesis in plants, this review article is focused on the aspects of silicon and photosynthesis interrelationships during stress and signaling pathways. The assemblages of this discussion shall fulfill the lack of constructive literature related to the influence of Si on one of the most dynamic and important processes of plant life i.e. photosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anshu Rastogi
- Laboratory of Bioclimatology, Department of Ecology and Environmental Protection, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Piątkowska 94, 60-649, Poznan, Poland; Faculty of Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation (ITC), University of Twente, 7500, AE Enschede, the Netherlands.
| | - Saurabh Yadav
- Department of Biotechnology, Hemvati Nandan Bahuguna Garhwal (Central) University, Srinagar Garhwal, Uttarakhand, 246174, India
| | - Sajad Hussain
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest, Ministry of Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Sunita Kataria
- School of Biochemistry, D.A.V.V., Khandwa Road, Indore, MP, India
| | - Shokoofeh Hajihashemi
- Plant Biology Department, Faculty of Science, Behbahan Khatam Alanbia University of Technology, Khuzestan, 47189-63616, Iran
| | - Pragati Kumari
- Department of Life Science, Singhania University, Jhunjhunu, Rajasthan, 333515, India; Scientist Hostel-S-02, Chauras Campus, Srinagar Garhwal, Uttarakhand, 246174, India
| | - Xinghong Yang
- College of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, China
| | - Marian Brestic
- Department of Plant Physiology, Slovak University of Agriculture, A. Hlinku 2, 94976, Nitra, Slovak Republic; Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, 16500, Prague, Czech Republic.
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Ulloa M, Nunes-Nesi A, da Fonseca-Pereira P, Poblete-Grant P, Reyes-Díaz M, Cartes P. The effect of silicon supply on photosynthesis and carbohydrate metabolism in two wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars contrasting in response to phosphorus nutrition. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2021; 169:236-248. [PMID: 34808466 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorus (P) deficiency affects agricultural systems by limiting crop quality and yield. Studies have suggested that silicon (Si) improves P uptake in plants grown under P deficiency. However, the effects of Si on photosynthesis and carbohydrate metabolism under P stress remain unclear. We performed a hydroponic study using two wheat cultivars with contrasting sensitivity to P deficiency (Púrpura, sensitive; Fritz, semi-tolerant) that were exposed to P (0, 0.01, or 0.1 mM) and Si (0 or 2 mM), and we evaluated the photosynthetic performance and metabolic alterations. In plants from the sensitive cultivar undergoing P deficiency, Si application increased sucrose levels, starch breakdown and length of shoots, and also improved plant dry weight. In Fritz (the semi-tolerant cultivar), Si exposure reduced P concentration, and increased shoot length and P use efficiency (PUE) under P shortage. Interestingly, Si application altered cell wall composition, which was associated with higher mesophyll conductance and net CO2 assimilation in Fritz plants grown under P stress. Together, our results indicate that under P deficiency, Si nutrition positively affects photosynthesis and carbohydrate levels in a genotype-dependent manner. Furthermore, these results suggest that Si plays an important role in maintaining high photosynthetic rates in wheat plants undergoing P deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlys Ulloa
- Doctoral Program in Science of Natural Resources, Universidad de La Frontera, Avenida Francisco Salazar 01145, P.O. Box 54-D, Temuco, 4780000, Chile; Center of Plant, Soil Interaction and Natural Resources Biotechnology, Scientific and Biotechnological Bioresource Nucleus (BIOREN-UFRO), Universidad de La Frontera, Avenida Francisco Salazar 01145, PO Box 54-D, Temuco, 4780000, Chile
| | - Adriano Nunes-Nesi
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Patricia Poblete-Grant
- Center of Plant, Soil Interaction and Natural Resources Biotechnology, Scientific and Biotechnological Bioresource Nucleus (BIOREN-UFRO), Universidad de La Frontera, Avenida Francisco Salazar 01145, PO Box 54-D, Temuco, 4780000, Chile
| | - Marjorie Reyes-Díaz
- Center of Plant, Soil Interaction and Natural Resources Biotechnology, Scientific and Biotechnological Bioresource Nucleus (BIOREN-UFRO), Universidad de La Frontera, Avenida Francisco Salazar 01145, PO Box 54-D, Temuco, 4780000, Chile; Departamento de Ciencias Químicas y Recursos Naturales, Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Universidad de La Frontera, Avenida Francisco Salazar 01145, PO Box 54-D, Temuco, 4780000, Chile
| | - Paula Cartes
- Center of Plant, Soil Interaction and Natural Resources Biotechnology, Scientific and Biotechnological Bioresource Nucleus (BIOREN-UFRO), Universidad de La Frontera, Avenida Francisco Salazar 01145, PO Box 54-D, Temuco, 4780000, Chile; Departamento de Ciencias Químicas y Recursos Naturales, Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Universidad de La Frontera, Avenida Francisco Salazar 01145, PO Box 54-D, Temuco, 4780000, Chile.
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Wang M, Wang R, Mur LAJ, Ruan J, Shen Q, Guo S. Functions of silicon in plant drought stress responses. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2021; 8:254. [PMID: 34848683 PMCID: PMC8633297 DOI: 10.1038/s41438-021-00681-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Silicon (Si), the second most abundant element in Earth's crust, exerts beneficial effects on the growth and productivity of a variety of plant species under various environmental conditions. However, the benefits of Si and its importance to plants are controversial due to differences among the species, genotypes, and the environmental conditions. Although Si has been widely reported to alleviate plant drought stress in both the Si-accumulating and nonaccumulating plants, the underlying mechanisms through which Si improves plant water status and maintains water balance remain unclear. The aim of this review is to summarize the morphoanatomical, physiological, biochemical, and molecular processes that are involved in plant water status that are regulated by Si in response to drought stress, especially the integrated modulation of Si-triggered drought stress responses in Si accumulators and intermediate- and excluder-type plants. The key mechanisms influencing the ability of Si to mitigate the effects of drought stress include enhancing water uptake and transport, regulating stomatal behavior and transpirational water loss, accumulating solutes and osmoregulatory substances, and inducing plant defense- associated with signaling events, consequently maintaining whole-plant water balance. This study evaluates the ability of Si to maintain water balance under drought stress conditions and suggests future research that is needed to implement the use of Si in agriculture. Considering the complex relationships between Si and different plant species, genotypes, and the environment, detailed studies are needed to understand the interactions between Si and plant responses under stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Wang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Solid Organic Wastes, The Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ruirui Wang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Solid Organic Wastes, The Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Luis Alejandro Jose Mur
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, SY23 3DA, UK
| | - Jianyun Ruan
- Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Resources Utilization (Ministry of Agriculture), Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310008, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qirong Shen
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Solid Organic Wastes, The Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shiwei Guo
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Solid Organic Wastes, The Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China.
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Mustafa T, Sattar A, Sher A, Ul-Allah S, Ijaz M, Irfan M, Butt M, Cheema M. Exogenous application of silicon improves the performance of wheat under terminal heat stress by triggering physio-biochemical mechanisms. Sci Rep 2021; 11:23170. [PMID: 34848766 PMCID: PMC8633343 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-02594-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to climate change, temperature in late February and early March raised up which cause heat stress at reproductive stage (terminal growth phase of wheat crop) which has become the major causative factor towards low wheat production in arid and semiarid regions. Therefore; strategies need to be adopted for improving terminal heat stress tolerance in wheat. In this study, we assessed whether foliar application of silicon (Si) (2 and 4 mM) at terminal growth phase i.e. heading stage of wheat imposed to heat stress (37 ± 2 °C) under polythene tunnel could improve the performance of wheat. Results of the study revealed that heat stress significantly reduced the photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll a, b and a + b and carotenoids) leading to a lower grain yield. However, a 4 mM Si application (foliar applied) at heading stage prominently increased the chlorophyll a, b and a + b and carotenoids of flag leaf by improving the activities of enzymatic antioxidants (catalase, peroxidase and superoxide dismutase) and osmoprotectants (soluble sugar protein and proline) under terminal heat stress. Improvements in the performance of wheat (chlorophyll contents, carotenoids, soluble sugar and proteins and proline and yield) with foliar application of Si were also observed under control conditions. Correlation analysis revealed strong association (r > 0.90) of chlorophyll contents and carotenoids with grain and biological yield. Negative correlation (-0.81 < r > -0.63) of physio-biochemical components (antioxidants, proline, soluble sugars and proteins) with yield revealed that under heat stress these components produced in more quantities to alleviate the effects of heat, and Si application also improved these physio biochemical components. In crux, foliar application of Si alleviates the losses in the performance of wheat caused by terminal heat stress by improving the antioxidant mechanism and production of osmoprotectants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Talha Mustafa
- College of Agriculture, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Bahadur Sub-Campus Layyah, Layyah, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Sattar
- College of Agriculture, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Bahadur Sub-Campus Layyah, Layyah, Pakistan
| | - Ahmad Sher
- College of Agriculture, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Bahadur Sub-Campus Layyah, Layyah, Pakistan
| | - Sami Ul-Allah
- College of Agriculture, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Bahadur Sub-Campus Layyah, Layyah, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Ijaz
- College of Agriculture, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Bahadur Sub-Campus Layyah, Layyah, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Irfan
- Department of Agronomy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Madiha Butt
- College of Agriculture, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Bahadur Sub-Campus Layyah, Layyah, Pakistan
| | - Mumtaz Cheema
- School of Science and the Environment, Grenfell Campus, Memorial University of Newfoundland, Corner Brook, NL, A2H 5G4, Canada.
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Ou Y, Ma S, Zhou X, Jin S, Wang L, Wang X, Shi J, Liu C, Zhang Y, Zhang J, He C, Xiao Y. Multi-element Interactive Improvement Mechanism of Coal Fly Ash-Based Soil Conditioner on Wheat. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2021; 194:1580-1605. [PMID: 34822061 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-021-03756-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Globally, coal fly ash (CFA) is a bulk industrial solid waste that is difficult to be disposed of, which posed serious environmental risks to the atmosphere, water, and soil. Besides, the food crisis outbreaks worldwide. In this case, the utilization of CFA to produce soil amendments is expected to improve the soil quality and to increase the grain yield. This paper took the soil conditioner prepared by chemical activation method as the research object, analyzed, and found out its mechanism when increasing the yield and improving the quality of crops. First, the simulated hydroponics method was used to identify the key yield-increasing factors in the soil conditioner as well as the effects of those factors by taking the plant height, stem thickness, dry weight, and fresh weight of wheat as indicators at the early stage of growth. Then, SPSS was used to analyze the interaction among K, P, and other four middle trace elements in the stem and the leaf of wheat. The results showed that for wheat seedlings, there were strong interactions between Fe and Mg, Mg and Ca, and Ca and Si. Fe had a significant enhancement effect on the fresh weight of wheat seedlings. Mg had a significant enhancement effect on both the fresh weight and dry weight of wheat seedlings. Si can greatly enhance the dry weight and plant height, and Ca can greatly increase the stem thickness. It was also found that the soil conditioner and the basic N, P, and K fertilizer had a good mutual promotion effect. Among the four elements, Mg and Si are the key growth factors. When the nutrient elements were relatively poor, the increase of Mg by 50% would lead to the growth of the fresh weight of wheat seedlings by 65%; when the content of active Si increased by 50%, the fresh weight would increase by 52%. Therefore, the soil conditioner prepared by modified treatment of CFA owns a good application prospect to increase the yield and quality of crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjun Ou
- Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, National Engineering Laboratory for Hydrometallurgical Cleaner Production Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuhua Ma
- Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, National Engineering Laboratory for Hydrometallurgical Cleaner Production Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiao Zhou
- Xilingol Professional College, Xilinhot, 026000, People's Republic of China
| | - Shengxiang Jin
- Beijing Jingneng Electric Power Co., Ltd, Beijing, 100025, People's Republic of China
| | - Liuhu Wang
- Inner Mongolia Daihai Power Generation Co., Ltd, Ulanqab, Inner Mongolia, 012000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, National Engineering Laboratory for Hydrometallurgical Cleaner Production Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianping Shi
- Xilingol Professional College, Xilinhot, 026000, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenxu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, National Engineering Laboratory for Hydrometallurgical Cleaner Production Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, National Engineering Laboratory for Hydrometallurgical Cleaner Production Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinsong Zhang
- Inner Mongolia Daihai Power Generation Co., Ltd, Ulanqab, Inner Mongolia, 012000, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuan He
- Beijing Jingneng Electric Power Co., Ltd, Beijing, 100025, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Xiao
- Inner Mongolia Daihai Power Generation Co., Ltd, Ulanqab, Inner Mongolia, 012000, People's Republic of China
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Zhao D, Xu C, Luan Y, Shi W, Tang Y, Tao J. Silicon enhances stem strength by promoting lignin accumulation in herbaceous peony (Paeonia lactiflora Pall.). Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 190:769-779. [PMID: 34520779 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Herbaceous peony (Paeonia lactiflora Pall.) is a popular high-end cut flower, but stem bending caused by low stem strength severely decreases its quality. To enhance stem strength, the regulatory effects of exogenous silicon were investigated in P. lactiflora. The results showed that silicon application enhanced stem strength by increasing the thickness of secondary cell walls and the layers of thickened secondary cells. Moreover, more lignin accumulated, particularly G-lignin and S-lignin, and the activities of lignin biosynthetic enzymes increased with silicon application. In addition, based on transcriptome analysis, silicon application induced the expression of genes participating in lignin biosynthesis pathway. Among them, hydroxycinnamoyl-CoA: shikimate hydroxycinnamoyl transferase gene (HCT1) was isolated from P. lactiflora and found to be mainly localized in the cytoplasm of cells. Overexpression of PlHCT1 increased the layers of thickened secondary cells and lignin accumulation in tobacco, resulting in enhanced stem strength and demonstrably straight stems. Finally, silicon content, lignin content and PlHCT1 expression in P. lactiflora cultivars with high stem strengths were totally higher than those in cultivars with low stem strengths. These results indicated that silicon application enhanced stem strength by promoting lignin accumulation in P. lactiflora, which has prospects for stem quality improvement in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daqiu Zhao
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, PR China
| | - Cong Xu
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, PR China
| | - Yuting Luan
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, PR China
| | - Wenbo Shi
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, PR China
| | - Yuhan Tang
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, PR China
| | - Jun Tao
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, PR China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, PR China.
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Khan I, Awan SA, Rizwan M, Ali S, Hassan MJ, Brestic M, Zhang X, Huang L. Effects of silicon on heavy metal uptake at the soil-plant interphase: A review. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 222:112510. [PMID: 34273846 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Silicon (Si) is the second richest element in the soil and surface of earth crust with a variety of positive roles in soils and plants. Different soil factors influence the Si bioavailability in soil-plant system. The Si involves in the mitigation of various biotic (insect pests and pathogenic diseases) and abiotic stresses (salt, drought, heat, and heavy metals etc.) in plants by improving plant tolerance mechanism at various levels. However, Si-mediated restrictions in heavy metals uptake and translocation from soil to plants and within plants require deep understandings. Recently, Si-based improvements in plant defense system, cell damage repair, cell homeostasis, and regulation of metabolism under heavy metal stress are getting more attention. However, limited knowledge is available on the molecular mechanisms by which Si can reduce the toxicity of heavy metals, their uptake and transfer from soil to plant roots. Thus, this review is focused the following facets in greater detail to provide better understandings about the role of Si at molecular level; (i) how Si improves tolerance in plants to variable environmental conditions, (ii) how biological factors affect Si pools in the soil (iii) how soil properties impact the release and capability of Si to decrease the bioavailability of heavy metals in soil and their accumulation in plant roots; (iv) how Si influences the plant root system with respect to heavy metals uptake or sequestration, root Fe/Mn plaque, root cell wall and compartment; (v) how Si makes complexes with heavy metals and restricts their translocation/transfer in root cell and influences the plant hormonal regulation; (vi) the competition of uptake between Si and heavy metals such as arsenic, aluminum, and cadmium due to similar membrane transporters, and (vii) how Si-mediated regulation of gene expression involves in the uptake, transportation and accumulation of heavy metals by plants and their possible detoxification mechanisms. Furthermore, future research work with respect to mitigation of heavy metal toxicity in plants is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imran Khan
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Samrah Afzal Awan
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Muhammad Rizwan
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Shafaqat Ali
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan; Department of Biological Sciences and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Muhammad Jawad Hassan
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Marian Brestic
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Agrobiology and Food Resources, Slovak University of Agriculture, Trieda A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Xinquan Zhang
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Linkai Huang
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
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Lv Y, Li Y, Liu X, Xu K. Effect of soil sulfamethoxazole on strawberry (Fragaria ananassa): Growth, health risks and silicon mitigation. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 286:117321. [PMID: 33975211 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The negative impact of antibiotic pollution on the agricultural system and human health is a hot issue in the world. However, little information is available on the antibiotics toxicity mechanism and the role of silicon (Si) to alleviate the antibiotics toxicity. In this study, strawberry (Fragaria ananassa) showed excitatory response to low-dose SMZ (1 mg L-1), but strawberry root and photosynthetic efficiency were damaged under high level. When SMZ level exceeded 10 mg L-1, H202, O2-, MDA and relative conductivity increased, while SOD and CAT activities first increased and then decreased. SMZ accumulated more in roots and fruits, but less in stems, and the accumulation increased with the increase of SMZ-dose. Under 1 mg L-1 SMZ, the SMZ accumulation in fruits was 110.54 μg kg-1, which exceeded the maximum residue limit. SMZ can induce the expression of sul1, sul2 and intI1, and intI1 had the highest abundance. Exogenous application of Si alleviated the toxicity of SMZ, which is mainly related to the degradation of SMZ in soil and the reduction of SMZ absorption by strawberry. In addition, Si relieved root damage, promoted the increase of photosynthetic efficiency, and improved the antioxidant system to resist SMZ toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Lv
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production in Shandong Taian, 271018, China; Key Laboratory of Biology of Horticultural Crops in Huanghuai Region, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Taian, 271018, China; State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Taian, 271018, China
| | - Yanyan Li
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, China
| | - Xiaohui Liu
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Kun Xu
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production in Shandong Taian, 271018, China; Key Laboratory of Biology of Horticultural Crops in Huanghuai Region, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Taian, 271018, China; State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Taian, 271018, China.
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Silicon Application Induced Alleviation of Aluminum Toxicity in Xaraés Palisadegrass. AGRONOMY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/agronomy11101938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Aluminum (Al) toxicity is a major abiotic constraint for agricultural production in acidic soils that needs a sustainable solution to deal with plant tolerance. Silicon (Si) plays important roles in alleviating the harmful effects of Al in plants. The genus Urochloa includes most important grasses and hybrids, and it is currently used as pastures in the tropical regions. Xaraés palisadegrass (Urochloa brizantha cv. Xaraés) is a forage that is relatively tolerant to Al toxicity under field-grown conditions, which might be explained by the great uptake and accumulation of Si. However, studies are needed to access the benefits of Si application to alleviate Al toxicity on Xaraés palisadegrass nutritional status, production, and chemical–bromatological composition. The study was conducted under greenhouse conditions with the effect of five Si concentrations evaluated (0, 0.3, 0.6, 1.2, and 2.4 mM) as well as with nutrient solutions containing 1 mM Al in two sampling dates (two forage cuts). The following evaluations were performed: number of tillers and leaves, shoot biomass, N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, B, Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn, Al, and Si concentration in leaf tissue, Al and Si concentration in root tissue, neutral detergent fiber (NDF), and acid detergent fiber (ADF) content in Xaraés palisadegrass shoot. Silicon supply affected the relation between Si and Al uptake by increasing root Al concentration in detriment to Al transport to the leaves, thereby alleviating Al toxicity in Xaraés palisadegrass. The concentrations between 1.4 and 1.6 mM Si in solution decreased roots to shoots Al translocation by 259% (from 3.26 to 1.26%), which contributed to a higher number of leaves per plot and led to a greater shoot dry mass without affecting tillering. Xaraés palisadegrass could be considered one of the greatest Si accumulator plants with Si content in leaves above 4.7% of dry mass. In addition, Si supply may benefit nutrient-use efficiency with enhanced plant growth and without compromising the chemical–bromatological content of Xaraés palisadegrass.
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Li C, Luo Y, Jin M, Sun S, Wang Z, Li Y. Response of Lignin Metabolism to Light Quality in Wheat Population. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:729647. [PMID: 34589105 PMCID: PMC8473876 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.729647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The low red/far-red (R/FR) light proportion at the base of the high-density wheat population leads to poor stem quality and increases lodging risk. We used Shannong 23 and Shannong 16 as the test materials. By setting three-light quality treatments: normal light (CK), red light (RL), and far-red light (FRL), we irradiated the base internodes of the stem with RL and FRL for 7h. Our results showed that RL irradiation enhanced stem quality, as revealed by increased breaking strength, stem diameter, wall thickness and, dry weight per unit length, and the total amount of lignin and related gene expression increased, at the same time. The composition of lignin subunits was related to the lodging resistance of wheat. The proportion of S+G subunits and H subunits played a key role in wheat lodging resistance. RL could increase the content of S subunits and G subunits and the proportion of S+G subunits, reduce the proportion of H subunits. We described here, to the best of our knowledge, the systematic study of the mechanism involved in the regulation of stem breaking strength by light quality, particularly the effect of light quality on lignin biosynthesis and its relationship with lodging resistance in wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Yong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Agronomy College of Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
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Pre- and/or Postharvest Silicon Application Prolongs the Vase Life and Enhances the Quality of Cut Peony ( Paeonia lactiflora Pall.) Flowers. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10081742. [PMID: 34451787 PMCID: PMC8398881 DOI: 10.3390/plants10081742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Peony is an important ornamental plant and has become increasingly popular for cut flower cultivation. However, a short vase life and frequent poor vase quality severely restrict its market value. The study described herein was conducted to investigate the effects of silicon application on the vase life and quality of two cut peony (Paeonia lactiflora Pall.) cultivars, ‘Taebaek’ and ‘Euiseong’. For pre- and/or postharvest silicon application, four experimental groups based on treatments were designed. With silicon treatment, the relevant growth attributes, including the shoot and leaf lengths, stem and bud diameters as well as the leaf width were all remarkably increased. In the postharvest storage, the addition of silicon to the holding solution in the vase was able to significantly extend vase life, delay fresh weight decrease, and improve vase quality, as characterized by the antioxidant enzyme activities and mechanical stem strength. Taken together, silicon application, regardless of the approach, was able to effectively prolong the vase life and enhance the quality of cut peony flowers.
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Bhat JA, Rajora N, Raturi G, Sharma S, Dhiman P, Sanand S, Shivaraj SM, Sonah H, Deshmukh R. Silicon nanoparticles (SiNPs) in sustainable agriculture: major emphasis on the practicality, efficacy and concerns. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2021; 3:4019-4028. [PMID: 36132841 PMCID: PMC9419652 DOI: 10.1039/d1na00233c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Silicon (Si), a beneficial element for plants, is known for its prophylactic effect under stress conditions. Many studies have documented the role of biogenic silica (bulk-Si) in alleviating biotic and abiotic stresses in plants. The scarce amount of the plant-available form of Si (monosilicic acid) in most of the cultivated soil and the limited efficacy of silicate fertilizers (bulk-Si) are the major concerns for the exploration of Si-derived benefits. In this regard, recent advances in nanotechnology have opened up new avenues for crop improvement, where plants can derive benefits associated with Si nanoparticles (SiNPs). Most of the studies have shown the positive effect of SiNPs on the growth and development of plants specifically under stress conditions. In contrast, a few studies have also reported their toxic effects on some plant species. Hence, there is a pertinent need for elaborative research to explore the utility of SiNPs in agriculture. The present review summarizes SiNP synthesis, application, uptake, and role in stimulating plant growth and development. The advantages of SiNPs over conventional bulk-Si fertilizers in agriculture, their efficacy in different plant species, and safety concerns have also been discussed. The gaps in our understanding of various aspects of SiNPs in relation to plants have also been highlighted, which will guide future research in this area. The increased attention towards SiNP-related research will help to realize the true potential of SiNPs in agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javaid Akhter Bhat
- National Center for Soybean Improvement, Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing China
| | - Nitika Rajora
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI) Mohali Punjab India
| | - Gaurav Raturi
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI) Mohali Punjab India
- Department of Biotechnology, Panjab University Chandigarh India
| | - Shivani Sharma
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI) Mohali Punjab India
| | - Pallavi Dhiman
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI) Mohali Punjab India
| | - Sandhya Sanand
- Department of Crop Science, Indian Council of Agriculture Research (ICAR) Krishibhavan New Delhi India
| | - S M Shivaraj
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI) Mohali Punjab India
| | - Humira Sonah
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI) Mohali Punjab India
| | - Rupesh Deshmukh
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI) Mohali Punjab India
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Cheng B, Chen F, Wang C, Liu X, Yue L, Cao X, Wang Z, Xing B. The molecular mechanisms of silica nanomaterials enhancing the rice (Oryza sativa L.) resistance to planthoppers (Nilaparvata lugens Stal). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 767:144967. [PMID: 33636776 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.144967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Herein, fluorescent silica (F-SiO2) ENMs (50 nm) were synthesized, which could be taken up and translocated from rice root to shoot, promoting the plant growth and resistance to planthopper compared with Si ion fertilizers under hydroponic conditions. Particularly, upon exposure F-SiO2 ENMs (5 mg‧L-1) suspension for 9 days, the fresh and dry weight (FW and DW) of shoot, the root length, surface area, and tip number were increased by 33.58%, 65.22%, 15.26%, 20.26% and 29.01%, respectively. Notably, in the presence of planthopper, the shoot FW and DW still increased by 61.88% and 114.75%, respectively. The increased lignin content (by 30.13%) and formation of silica cells in stem after F-SiO2 ENMs exposure (5 mg‧L-1) could be mechanical barriers against planthoppers. The transcriptome data revealed that F-SiO2 ENMs could upregulate the expression of genes involved in plant-pathogen interactions, plant hormone signal transduction, glucose metabolism and carbon fixation pathway, promoting the growth and resistance of rice seedlings. Our findings provide first evidence for the underlying molecular mechanisms of SiO2 ENMs enhancing the rice resistance to planthopper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingxu Cheng
- Institute of Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anaerobic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Feiran Chen
- Institute of Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anaerobic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Chuanxi Wang
- Institute of Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anaerobic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Xiaofei Liu
- Institute of Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anaerobic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Le Yue
- Institute of Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anaerobic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Xuesong Cao
- Institute of Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anaerobic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Zhenyu Wang
- Institute of Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anaerobic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China.
| | - Baoshan Xing
- Stockbridge School of Agriculture, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
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AlKahtani MDF, Hafez YM, Attia K, Rashwan E, Husnain LA, AlGwaiz HIM, Abdelaal KAA. Evaluation of Silicon and Proline Application on the Oxidative Machinery in Drought-Stressed Sugar Beet. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10030398. [PMID: 33800758 PMCID: PMC8000334 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10030398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Drought stress deleteriously affects growth, development and productivity in plants. So, we examined the silicon effect (2 mmol) and proline (10 mmol) individually or the combination (Si + proline) in alleviating the harmful effect of drought on total phenolic compounds, reactive oxygen species (ROS), chlorophyll concentration and antioxidant enzymes as well as yield parameters of drought-stressed sugar beet plants during 2018/2019 and 2019/2020 seasons. Our findings indicated that the root diameter and length (cm), root and shoot fresh weights (g plant−1) as well as root and sugar yield significantly decreased in sugar beet plants under drought. Relative water content (RWC), nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) contents and chlorophyll (Chl) concentration considerably reduced in stressed sugar beet plants that compared with control in both seasons. Nonetheless, lipid peroxidation (MDA), electrolyte leakage (EL), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and superoxide (O2●−) considerably elevated as signals of drought. Drought-stressed sugar beet plants showed an increase in proline accumulation, total phenolic compounds and up-regulation of antioxidant enzymes catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity to mitigate drought effects. Si and proline individually or the combination Si + proline considerably increased root and sugar yield, sucrose%, Chl concentration and RWC, MDA and EL were remarkably reduced. The treatments led to adjust proline and total phenolic compounds as well as CAT and SOD activity in stressed sugar beet plants. We concluded that application of Si + proline under drought stress led to improve the resistance of sugar beet by regulating of proline, antioxidant enzymes, phenolic compounds and improving RWC, Chl concentration and Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium (NPK) contents as well as yield parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muneera D. F. AlKahtani
- Biology Department, College of Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 102275-11675, Saudi Arabia; (M.D.F.A.); (L.A.H.); (H.I.M.A.)
| | - Yaser M. Hafez
- Excellence Center (EPCRS), Plant Pathology and Biotechnology Lab, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr Elsheikh 33516, Egypt;
| | - Kotb Attia
- Center of Excellence in Biotechnology Research, King Saud University, Riyadh 2455-11451, Saudi Arabia;
- Rice Research & Training Center, Rice Biotechnology Lab, Field Crops Research Institute, Sakha, Kafr EL-Sheikh 33717, Egypt
| | - Emadeldeen Rashwan
- Agronomy Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt;
| | - Latifa Al Husnain
- Biology Department, College of Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 102275-11675, Saudi Arabia; (M.D.F.A.); (L.A.H.); (H.I.M.A.)
| | - Hussah I. M. AlGwaiz
- Biology Department, College of Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 102275-11675, Saudi Arabia; (M.D.F.A.); (L.A.H.); (H.I.M.A.)
| | - Khaled A. A. Abdelaal
- Excellence Center (EPCRS), Plant Pathology and Biotechnology Lab, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr Elsheikh 33516, Egypt;
- Correspondence:
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Raza A, Asghar MA, Ahmad B, Bin C, Iftikhar Hussain M, Li W, Iqbal T, Yaseen M, Shafiq I, Yi Z, Ahmad I, Yang W, Weiguo L. Agro-Techniques for Lodging Stress Management in Maize-Soybean Intercropping System-A Review. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 9:E1592. [PMID: 33212960 PMCID: PMC7698466 DOI: 10.3390/plants9111592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2020] [Revised: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Lodging is one of the most chronic restraints of the maize-soybean intercropping system, which causes a serious threat to agriculture development and sustainability. In the maize-soybean intercropping system, shade is a major causative agent that is triggered by the higher stem length of a maize plant. Many morphological and anatomical characteristics are involved in the lodging phenomenon, along with the chemical configuration of the stem. Due to maize shading, soybean stem evolves the shade avoidance response and resulting in the stem elongation that leads to severe lodging stress. However, the major agro-techniques that are required to explore the lodging stress in the maize-soybean intercropping system for sustainable agriculture have not been precisely elucidated yet. Therefore, the present review is tempted to compare the conceptual insights with preceding published researches and proposed the important techniques which could be applied to overcome the devastating effects of lodging. We further explored that, lodging stress management is dependent on multiple approaches such as agronomical, chemical and genetics which could be helpful to reduce the lodging threats in the maize-soybean intercropping system. Nonetheless, many queries needed to explicate the complex phenomenon of lodging. Henceforth, the agronomists, physiologists, molecular actors and breeders require further exploration to fix this challenging problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Raza
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (A.R.); (C.B.); (W.L.); (T.I.); (I.S.); (Z.Y.); (I.A.); (W.Y.)
- Institute of Ecological Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Muhammad Ahsan Asghar
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization & Ecological Restoration Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhou 610000, China;
| | - Bushra Ahmad
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Punjab, Pakistan;
| | - Cheng Bin
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (A.R.); (C.B.); (W.L.); (T.I.); (I.S.); (Z.Y.); (I.A.); (W.Y.)
- Institute of Ecological Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - M. Iftikhar Hussain
- Department of Plant Biology & Soil Science, Universidad de Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain;
| | - Wang Li
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (A.R.); (C.B.); (W.L.); (T.I.); (I.S.); (Z.Y.); (I.A.); (W.Y.)
- Institute of Ecological Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Tauseef Iqbal
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (A.R.); (C.B.); (W.L.); (T.I.); (I.S.); (Z.Y.); (I.A.); (W.Y.)
- Institute of Ecological Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Muhammad Yaseen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Institute of Rice Research, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu 625014, China;
| | - Iram Shafiq
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (A.R.); (C.B.); (W.L.); (T.I.); (I.S.); (Z.Y.); (I.A.); (W.Y.)
- Institute of Ecological Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Zhang Yi
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (A.R.); (C.B.); (W.L.); (T.I.); (I.S.); (Z.Y.); (I.A.); (W.Y.)
- Institute of Ecological Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Irshan Ahmad
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (A.R.); (C.B.); (W.L.); (T.I.); (I.S.); (Z.Y.); (I.A.); (W.Y.)
- Institute of Ecological Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Wenyu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (A.R.); (C.B.); (W.L.); (T.I.); (I.S.); (Z.Y.); (I.A.); (W.Y.)
- Institute of Ecological Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Liu Weiguo
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (A.R.); (C.B.); (W.L.); (T.I.); (I.S.); (Z.Y.); (I.A.); (W.Y.)
- Institute of Ecological Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
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Adhikari A, Khan MA, Lee KE, Kang SM, Dhungana SK, Bhusal N, Lee IJ. The Halotolerant Rhizobacterium- Pseudomonas koreensis MU2 Enhances Inorganic Silicon and Phosphorus Use Efficiency and Augments Salt Stress Tolerance in Soybean ( Glycine max L.). Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8091256. [PMID: 32825007 PMCID: PMC7570339 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8091256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Optimizing nutrient usage in plants is vital for a sustainable yield under biotic and abiotic stresses. Since silicon and phosphorus are considered key elements for plant growth, this study assessed the efficient supplementation strategy of silicon and phosphorus in soybean plants under salt stress through inoculation using the rhizospheric strain—Pseudomonas koreensis MU2. The screening analysis of MU2 showed its high salt-tolerant potential, which solubilizes both silicate and phosphate. The isolate, MU2 produced gibberellic acid (GA1, GA3) and organic acids (malic acid, citric acid, acetic acid, and tartaric acid) in pure culture under both normal and salt-stressed conditions. The combined application of MU2, silicon, and phosphorus significantly improved silicon and phosphorus uptake, reduced Na+ ion influx by 70%, and enhanced K+ uptake by 46% in the shoots of soybean plants grown under salt-stress conditions. MU2 inoculation upregulated the salt-resistant genes GmST1, GmSALT3, and GmAKT2, which significantly reduced the endogenous hormones abscisic acid and jasmonic acid while, it enhanced the salicylic acid content of soybean. In addition, MU2 inoculation strengthened the host’s antioxidant system through the reduction of lipid peroxidation and proline while, it enhanced the reduced glutathione content. Moreover, MU2 inoculation promoted root and shoot length, plant biomass, and the chlorophyll content of soybean plants. These findings suggest that MU2 could be a potential biofertilizer catalyst for the amplification of the use efficiency of silicon and phosphorus fertilizers to mitigate salt stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arjun Adhikari
- School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea; (A.A.); (M.A.K.); (K.-E.L.); (S.-M.K.)
| | - Muhammad Aaqil Khan
- School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea; (A.A.); (M.A.K.); (K.-E.L.); (S.-M.K.)
| | - Ko-Eun Lee
- School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea; (A.A.); (M.A.K.); (K.-E.L.); (S.-M.K.)
| | - Sang-Mo Kang
- School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea; (A.A.); (M.A.K.); (K.-E.L.); (S.-M.K.)
| | - Sanjeev Kumar Dhungana
- Department of Southern Area Crop Science, National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration, Miryang 50424, Korea;
| | - Narayan Bhusal
- Department of Forest Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea;
| | - In-Jung Lee
- School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea; (A.A.); (M.A.K.); (K.-E.L.); (S.-M.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-53-950-5708
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Silicon Modulates the Production and Composition of Phenols in Barley under Aluminum Stress. AGRONOMY-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/agronomy10081138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Silicon (Si) exerts beneficial effects in mitigating aluminum (Al) toxicity in different plant species. These include attenuating oxidative damage and improving structural strengthening as a result of the increased production of secondary metabolites such as phenols. The aim of this research was to evaluate the effect of Si on phenol production and composition in two barley cultivars under Al stress. Our conceptual approach included a hydroponic experiment with an Al-tolerant (Sebastian) and an Al-sensitive (Scarlett) barley cultivar treated with two Al doses (0 or 0.2 mM of Al) and two Si doses (0 or 2 mM) for 21 days. Chemical, biochemical and growth parameters were assayed after harvest. Our results indicated that the Al and Si concentration decreased in both cultivars when Al and Si were added in combination. Silicon increased the antioxidant activity and soluble phenol concentration, but reduced lipid peroxidation irrespective of the Al dose. Both barley cultivars showed changes in culm creep rate, flavonoids and flavones concentration, lignin accumulation and altered lignin composition in Si and Al treatments. We concluded that Si fertilization could increase the resistance of barley to Al toxicity by regulating the metabolism of phenolic compounds with antioxidant and structural functions.
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