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Zhao B, Richardson RE, You F. Microplastics monitoring in freshwater systems: A review of global efforts, knowledge gaps, and research priorities. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 477:135329. [PMID: 39088945 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.135329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2024] [Revised: 07/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/03/2024]
Abstract
The escalating production of synthetic plastics and inadequate waste management have led to pervasive microplastic (MP) contamination in aquatic ecosystems. MPs, typically defined as particles smaller than 5 mm, have become an emerging pollutant in freshwater environments. While significant concern about MPs has risen since 2014, research has predominantly concentrated on marine settings, there is an urgent need for a more in-depth critical review to systematically summarize the current global efforts, knowledge gaps, and research priorities for MP monitoring in freshwater systems. This review evaluates the current understanding of MP monitoring in freshwater environments by examining the distribution, characteristics, and sources of MPs, alongside the progression of analytical methods with quantitative evidence. Our findings suggest that MPs are widely distributed in global freshwater systems, with higher abundances found in areas with intense human economic activities, such as the United States, Europe, and China. MP abundance distributions vary across different water bodies (e.g., rivers, lakes, estuaries, and wetlands), with sampling methods and size range selections significantly influencing reported MP abundances. Despite great global efforts, there is still a lack of harmonized analyzing framework and understanding of MP pollution in specific regions and facilities. Future research should prioritize the development of standardized analysis protocols and open-source MP datasets to facilitate data comparison. Additionally, exploring the potential of state-of-the-art artificial intelligence for rapid, accurate, and large-scale modeling and characterization of MPs is crucial to inform effective strategies for managing MP pollution in freshwater ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bu Zhao
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Ruth E Richardson
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Fengqi You
- Robert Frederick Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA; Systems Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
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Mikavica I, Ranđelović D, Ilić M, Obradović M, Stojanović J, Mutić J. Distribution of microplastics in (sub)urban soils of Serbia and Cd, As, and Pb uptake by Capsella bursa-pastoris (L.) Medik. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 363:142891. [PMID: 39025312 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Omnipresent in terrestrial ecosystems, microplastics (MPs) represent a hazard to soil biota and human health, while their relationship with other environmental contaminants remains poorly acknowledged. This study investigated MPs prevalence in (sub)urban soils of Serbia and its impact on Cd, As, and Pb mobility in the soil-medicinal plant Capsella bursa-pastoris (L.) Medik system. Soil physicochemical parameters (pH, Eh, SOM, and texture) were analyzed alongside the Cd, As, and Pb pseudo-total (aqua regia) and phytoavailable (EDTA) contents. Toxic elements' concentrations in soil fractions and C. bursa-pastoris roots and shoots were determined by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES). Pseudo-total Cd, As, and Pb contents in soils ranged from 0.16 to 2.23 μg g-1, 2.00-36.92 μg g-1, and 0.18-65.54 μg g-1, respectively. Using an optimized density separation method with 30% H2O2 and 5% NaClO, we found an average abundance of 489 MPs per kg of soil. ATR-FTIR spectroscopy confirmed the presence of seven polymer types, whereby the main contributors were polystyrene (PS) - 28.57% and cardanol prepolymer (PCP) - 23.81%. The dominant associated pollution sources were road networks and industrial activities. Spearman correlation analysis revealed the interconnection among soil MPs, physicochemical variables, and Cd, As, and Pb mobility. We identified significant positive correlations between MPs' abundance and phytoavailable concentrations of Cd, As, and Pb (ρ = 0.82, 0.95, and 0.63). Moreover, soil MPs strongly positively correlated with Cd contents in roots (ρ = 0.61) and shoots of C. bursa-pastoris (ρ = 0.65). These findings underscore the synergistic effects of MPs and toxic metals in urban environmental pollution, with possible implications for human health. Further research is required to deepen our understanding of the impact of MPs on element mobility in complex plant-soil systems and to elucidate the broader consequences of induced alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Mikavica
- Institute for Technology of Nuclear and other Minerals Raw Materials, Boulevard Franchet d'Esperey 86, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Dragana Ranđelović
- Institute for Technology of Nuclear and other Minerals Raw Materials, Boulevard Franchet d'Esperey 86, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Miloš Ilić
- University of Belgrade-Faculty of Chemistry, Studentski trg 12 - 16, P. O. Box 51, 11158, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Milena Obradović
- Institute for Technology of Nuclear and other Minerals Raw Materials, Boulevard Franchet d'Esperey 86, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Jovica Stojanović
- Institute for Technology of Nuclear and other Minerals Raw Materials, Boulevard Franchet d'Esperey 86, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Jelena Mutić
- University of Belgrade-Faculty of Chemistry, Studentski trg 12 - 16, P. O. Box 51, 11158, Belgrade, Serbia.
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Biao W, Hashim NA, Rabuni MFB, Lide O, Ullah A. Microplastics in aquatic systems: An in-depth review of current and potential water treatment processes. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 361:142546. [PMID: 38849101 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
Plastic products, despite their undeniable utility in modern life, pose significant environmental challenges, particularly when it comes to recycling. A crucial concern is the pervasive introduction of microplastics (MPs) into aquatic ecosystems, with deleterious effects on marine organisms. This review presents a detailed examination of the methodologies developed for MPs removal in water treatment systems. Initially, investigating the most common types of MPs in wastewater, subsequently presenting methodologies for their precise identification and quantification in aquatic environments. Instruments such as scanning electron microscopy, dynamic light scattering, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy, and Raman tweezers stand out as powerful tools for studying MPs. The discussion then transitions to the exploration of both existing and emergent techniques for MPs removal in wastewater treatment plants and drinking water treatment plants. This includes a description of the core mechanisms that drive these techniques, with an emphasis on the latest research developments in MPs degradation. Present MPs removal methodologies, ranging from physical separation to chemical and biological adsorption and degradation, offer varied advantages and constraints. Addressing the MPs contamination problem in its entirety remains a significant challenge. In conclusion, the review offers a succinct overview of each technique and forwards recommendations for future research, highlighting the pressing nature of this environmental dilemma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang Biao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - N Awanis Hashim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Sustainable Process Engineering Centre (SPEC), Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia.
| | - Mohamad Fairus Bin Rabuni
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Sustainable Process Engineering Centre (SPEC), Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia.
| | - Ong Lide
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Aubaid Ullah
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Wu P, Fan Y, Zhang X, Wu W, Zhang Z, Wu Y, Wang J, Xu J, Chen T, Gao B. Seasonal dynamics, tidal influences, and anthropogenic impacts on microplastic distribution in the Yangtze River estuary: A comprehensive characterization and comparative analysis. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 476:135167. [PMID: 39029194 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.135167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Revised: 07/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/21/2024]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) are emerging contaminants with significant ecological and human health implications. This study examines the abundance, characteristics, and distribution of MPs in the Yangtze River estuary, focusing on seasonal variations, tidal cycles, and anthropogenic influences. Surface samples were collected using the Manta trawl method to ensure consistency with previous marine MP research. The study found an average MP concentration of 1.01 (± 0.65) n m-3, predominantly comprising low-density polymers such as polystyrene (38 %), polypropylene (33 %), and polyethylene (29 %). MPs were mainly fragments (34.9 %) and foam (30.7 %), with a prevalence of white particles. Seasonal analysis indicated significantly higher MP concentrations during flood seasons (1.32 ± 1.09 n m-3), nearly 1.9 times higher than during non-flood seasons (0.70 ± 0.28 n m-3). Tidal cycles also impacted MP distribution, with ebb tides showing increased concentrations (2.44 ± 1.30 n m-3) compared to flood tides (1.48 ± 2.07 n m-3). Furthermore, MP abundance showed a decreasing trend with increasing distance from urban centers, with significant correlations (0.52 < R2 < 0.65, P < 0.001). These findings underscore the necessity for seasonally adjusted monitoring and robust management strategies to combat MP pollution. The study advocates for the integration of diverse sampling methods and the consideration of environmental factors in future MP assessments, laying the groundwork for understanding the MP transport mechanism in the Yangtze River estuary and similar estuarine systems worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panfeng Wu
- Jiangsu Nantong Environmental Monitoring Center, Nantong, Jiangsu 226002, China; School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng, Jiangsu 224051, China
| | - Yuchuan Fan
- Soil, Water, and Ecosystem Sciences Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; High Performance Computing Collaboratory-Geosystems Research Institute, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS 39759, USA
| | - Xinxin Zhang
- Jiangsu Nantong Environmental Monitoring Center, Nantong, Jiangsu 226002, China
| | - Wei Wu
- Nantong Agricultural Environmental Protection Monitoring Station, Nantong, Jiangsu 226000, China
| | - Zaifeng Zhang
- Jiangsu Nantong Environmental Monitoring Center, Nantong, Jiangsu 226002, China.
| | - Yaping Wu
- Jiangsu Nantong Environmental Monitoring Center, Nantong, Jiangsu 226002, China
| | - Jingyi Wang
- Jiangsu Nantong Environmental Monitoring Center, Nantong, Jiangsu 226002, China
| | - Jing Xu
- Institute of Educational Science, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226000, China.
| | - Tianming Chen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng, Jiangsu 224051, China
| | - Bin Gao
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA
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Glorio Patrucco S, Rivoira L, Bruzzoniti MC, Barbera S, Tassone S. Development and application of a novel extraction protocol for the monitoring of microplastic contamination in widely consumed ruminant feeds. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 947:174493. [PMID: 38969126 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.174493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024]
Abstract
Plastics and, in particular, microplastics (MPs) (< 5 mm) are emerging environmental pollutants responsible for interconnected risks to environmental, human, and animal health. The livestock sector is highly affected by these contaminants, with 50-60 % of the foreign bodies found in slaughtered domestic cattle being recognized as plastic-based materials. Additionally, microplastics were recently detected inside ruminant bodies and in their feces. MPs presence in ruminants could be explained by the intensive usage of plastic materials on farms, in particular to store feeds (i.e. to cover horizontal silos and to wrap hay bales). Although feed could be one of the main sources of plastics, especially of microplastics, a specific protocol to detect them in ruminant feeds is not actually present. Hence, the aim of this study was to optimize a specific protocol for the extraction, quantification, and identification of five microplastic polymers (high-density polyethylene, low-density polyethylene, polyamide fibers/particles, polyethylene terephthalate and polystyrene) from feeds typically used in ruminant diets (corn silage, hay, high protein feedstuff and total mixed ration). Several combinations of Fenton reactions and KOH digestion were tested. The final extraction protocol involved a KOH digestion (60 °C for 24 h), followed by two/three cycles of Fenton reactions. The extraction recoveries were of 100 % for high-density, low-density polyethylene, polyamide particles, and polystyrene and higher than 85 % for polyethylene terephthalate and polyamide fibers. Finally, the optimized protocol was successfully applied in the extraction of microplastics from real feed samples. All the feeds contained microplastics, particularly polyethylene, thus confirming the exposure of ruminants to MPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Glorio Patrucco
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Turin, Largo P. Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Luca Rivoira
- Department of Chemistry, University of Turin, Via Pietro Giuria 7, 10125 Turin, Italy.
| | | | - Salvatore Barbera
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Turin, Largo P. Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Sonia Tassone
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Turin, Largo P. Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy
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Zheng S, Zhou B, Guo N, Li N, Wu J, Chen Y, Han Z. Optimization and application of pretreatment method of microplastics detection in municipal solid waste landfills. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2024; 183:260-270. [PMID: 38776828 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2024.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
The landfill is one of the most important sources of microplastics (MPs). The pretreatment method is a precondition of microplastics study for the presence of complex substances in landfills. Therefore, it is essential to examine the impact of different pretreatment methods on the microplastics detection. A literature review and a comparison experiment on digestion solutions were performed to establish a comprehensive identification method for MPs in landfills. When exposed to of 30 % H2O2, minimal mass reduction of PE, PP and PET were 4.00 %, 3.00 % and 3.00 % respectively, and the least surface damage was observed in MPs, while exhibiting the most optimal peak value for infrared spectral characteristics. It is demonstrated that the effect of 30 % H2O2 dissolution was superior compared to 10 % KOH and 65 % HNO3. The method was subsequently utilized to investigate the distribution of MPs in a landfill. The dominant MPs were polyethylene (PE, 18.56-23.91 %), polyethylene terephthalate (PET, 8.80-18.66 %), polystyrene (PS, 10.31-18.09 %), and polypropylene (PP, 11.60-14.91 %). The comprehensive identification method of "NaCl density separation + 30 % H2O2 digestion + NaI density separation + sampling microscope + Mirco-FTIR" is suitable for the detection of MPs in landfills.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saqi Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection (Chengdu University of Technology), Chengdu 610059, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Synergetic Control and Joint Remediation for Soil & Water Pollution (Chengdu University of Technology), Chengdu 610059, China; College of Ecology and Environment, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China
| | - Baiyu Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection (Chengdu University of Technology), Chengdu 610059, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Synergetic Control and Joint Remediation for Soil & Water Pollution (Chengdu University of Technology), Chengdu 610059, China; College of Ecology and Environment, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China
| | - Nanfei Guo
- College of Ecology and Environment, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China; YangJiang Nuclear Power Co.,Ltd., Yangjiang 529500, China
| | - Naying Li
- State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection (Chengdu University of Technology), Chengdu 610059, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Synergetic Control and Joint Remediation for Soil & Water Pollution (Chengdu University of Technology), Chengdu 610059, China; College of Ecology and Environment, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China
| | - Jialun Wu
- Chengdu Ecological Environment Monitoring Center Station of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yong Chen
- Chengdu Ecological Environment Monitoring Center Station of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Zhiyong Han
- State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection (Chengdu University of Technology), Chengdu 610059, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Synergetic Control and Joint Remediation for Soil & Water Pollution (Chengdu University of Technology), Chengdu 610059, China; College of Ecology and Environment, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China.
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Manganyi MC, Dikobe TB, Maseme MR. Exploring the Potential of Endophytic Microorganisms and Nanoparticles for Enhanced Water Remediation. Molecules 2024; 29:2858. [PMID: 38930923 PMCID: PMC11206248 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29122858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Endophytic microorganisms contribute significantly to water bioremediation by enhancing pollutant degradation and supporting aquatic plant health and resilience by releasing bioactive compounds and enzymes. These microorganisms inhabit plant tissues without causing disease or any noticeable symptoms. Endophytes effectively aid in eliminating contaminants from water systems. Nanoparticles serve as potent enhancers in bioremediation processes, augmenting the efficiency of pollutant degradation by increasing surface area and bioavailability, thereby improving the efficacy and rate of remediation. Their controlled nutrient release and ability to stabilize endophytic colonization further contribute to the enhanced and sustainable elimination of contaminated environments. The synergistic effect of endophytes and nanoparticles in water remediation has been widely explored in recent studies, revealing compelling outcomes. Water pollution poses significant threats to human health, ecosystems, and economies; hence, the sixth global goal of the Sustainable Development Agenda 2030 of the United Nations aims to ensure the availability and sustainable management of water resources, recognizing their crucial importance for current and future generations. Conventional methods for addressing water pollution exhibit several limitations, including high costs, energy-intensive processes, the production of hazardous by-products, and insufficient effectiveness in mitigating emerging pollutants such as pharmaceuticals and microplastics. Noticeably, there is an inability to effectively remove various types of pollutants, thus resulting in incomplete purification cycles. Nanoparticle-enhanced water bioremediation offers an innovative, eco-friendly alternative for degrading contaminants. A growing body of research has shown that integrating endophytic microorganisms with nanoparticles for water bioremediation is a potent and viable alternative. This review examines the potential of using endophytic microorganisms and nanoparticles to enhance water remediation, exploring their combined effects and applications in water purification. The paper also provides an overview of synthetic methods for producing endophyte-nanoparticle composites to optimize their remediation capabilities in aqueous environments. The final section of the review highlights the constraints related to integrating endophytes with nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madira Coutlyne Manganyi
- Department of Biological and Environmental sciences, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, P.O. Box 139, Medunsa 0204, South Africa
| | - Tshegofatso Bridget Dikobe
- Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, Department of Botany, North-West University, Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho 2735, South Africa
| | - Mametsi Rahab Maseme
- Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Walter Sisulu University, Private Bag XI, Mthatha 5117, South Africa
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Chamanee G, Sewwandi M, Wijesekara H, Vithanage M. Occurrence and abundance of microplastics and plasticizers in landfill leachate from open dumpsites in Sri Lanka. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 350:123944. [PMID: 38608854 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.123944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
This is the first attempt that investigate the abundance of plasticizers in leachate sediment in the scientific literature, alongside the debut effort to explore the abundance of microplastics and plasticizers in landfill leachate and sediment in Sri Lanka. Microplastics in sizes ranging from ≥2.0-5.0, ≥1.0-2.0, and ≥ 0.5-1.0 mm were extracted from the leachate draining from ten municipal solid waste open dump sites and sediment samples covering seven districts. Microplastics were extracted by density separation (Saturated ZnCl2) followed by wet peroxide digestion and the chemical identification was conducted by Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy. Plasticizers were extracted to hexane and analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography. The total mean microplastic abundance in leachate was 2.06 ± 0.62 mg/L whereas it was 363 ± 111 mg/kg for leachate sediments. The most frequently found polymer type was polyethylene (>50%), and white color was dominant. The average concentration of bisphenol A (BPA), benzophenone (BP) and diethyl-hydrogen phthalate (DHEP) in leachate was 158 ± 84.4, 0.75 ± 0.16 and 170 ± 85.8 μg/L respectively. Furthermore, BP and DHEP in leachate sediment was 100 ± 68.3 and 1034 ± 455 μg/kg respectively. As landfill leachate is directly discharged into nearby surface and groundwater bodies that serve as sources of drinking water, the study highlights the potential concerns of microplastic and plasticizer exposure to the surrounding Sri Lankan community through consumption of contaminated drinking water. Therefore, there is a timely need of develop the effective waste management and pollution control measures to minimize the possible threats to both the environment and human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gayathri Chamanee
- Ecosphere Resilience Research Centre, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, 10250, Sri Lanka; Department of Natural Resources, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Sabaragamuwa University of Sri Lanka, Belihuloya, 70140, Sri Lanka
| | - Madushika Sewwandi
- Ecosphere Resilience Research Centre, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, 10250, Sri Lanka
| | - Hasintha Wijesekara
- Department of Natural Resources, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Sabaragamuwa University of Sri Lanka, Belihuloya, 70140, Sri Lanka
| | - Meththika Vithanage
- Ecosphere Resilience Research Centre, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, 10250, Sri Lanka; Institute of Agriculture, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA6009, Australia.
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Pu ZT, Wang DD, Song WX, Wang C, Li ZY, Chen YL, Shimozono T, Yang ZM, Tian YQ, Xie ZH. The impact of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and endophytic bacteria on peanuts under the combined pollution of cadmium and microplastics. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 469:133934. [PMID: 38447370 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.133934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
It remains unclear how symbiotic microbes impact the growth of peanuts when they are exposed to the pollutants cadmium (Cd) and microplastics (MPs) simultaneously. This study aimed to investigate the effects of endophytic bacteria Bacillus velezens SC60 and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Rhizophagus irregularis on peanut growth and rhizosphere microbial communities in the presence of Cd at 40 (Cd40) or 80 (Cd80) mg kg-1 combined without MP or the presence of low-density polyethylene (LDPE) and poly butyleneadipate-co-terephthalate (PBAT). This study assessed soil indicators, plant parameters, and Cd accumulation indicators. Results showed that the application of R. irregularis and B. velezens significantly enhanced soil organic carbon and increased Cd content under the conditions of Cd80 and MPs co-pollution. R. irregularis and B. velezens treatment increased peanut absorption and the enrichment coefficient for Cd, with predominate concentrations localized in the peanut roots, especially under combined pollution by Cd and MPs. Under treatments with Cd40 and Cd80 combined with PBAT pollution, soil microbes Proteobacteria exhibited a higher relative abundance, while Actinobacteria showed a higher relative abundance under treatments with Cd40 and Cd80 combined with LDPE pollution. In conclusion, under the combined pollution conditions of MPs and Cd, the co-treatment of R. irregularis and B. velezens effectively immobilized Cd in peanut roots, impeding its translocation to the shoot.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Tian Pu
- National Engineering Research Center for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan-Dan Wang
- National Engineering Research Center for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei-Xing Song
- National Engineering Research Center for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Wang
- National Engineering Research Center for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhao-Yu Li
- School of Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, Gansu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying-Long Chen
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture, School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Tori Shimozono
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24060, United States
| | - Zhao-Min Yang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24060, United States
| | - Yong-Qiang Tian
- School of Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, Gansu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Hong Xie
- National Engineering Research Center for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China.
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Chen M, Coleman B, Gaburici L, Prezgot D, Jakubek ZJ, Sivarajah B, Vermaire JC, Lapen DR, Velicogna JR, Princz JI, Provencher JF, Zou S. Identification of microplastics extracted from field soils amended with municipal biosolids. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 907:168007. [PMID: 37871825 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Microplastic particles in arable soil are expected to impact the environment and potentially human health. The application of municipal biosolids (MBs) to agricultural land presents a further dilemma in that biosolids act as a fertilizer for crop growth, and a disposal pathway for wastewater treatment plants. They are also a direct path for emerging contaminants, such as microplastics to enter the terrestrial environment. Reliable methods are needed to identify and quantify microplastics, found in agricultural soils to determine how microplastics are being cycled in the terrestrial environment. In this study, we developed a method for extracting microplastics from soil, and characterized their composition and identity for particles sized 5 μm to 2 mm. Method development was initially completed using natural soils spiked with microplastics and MBs, followed by the analyses of soil sampled from an agricultural field where MBs were recently applied at a rate of 13 tons dw/ha. The procedures that used the spiked samples showed that microplastics can be reliably extracted from soil in a laboratory setting, and identified and semi-quantified by thermogravimetric analysis combined with Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (TGA-FTIR). However, when the same methods were applied to the soil samples collected from the agricultural field, reproducibility became a challenge, as the number and type of microplastics changed even within the same soils (i.e., collected the same day from the same exact location). The variation in reproducibility observed between laboratory and field samples underscores the significant heterogeneity present in the environment. This heterogeneity, in turn, affects the identification and quantity of microplastics detected, a phenomenon observed even when comparing different fields within a single treatment regimen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maohui Chen
- Metrology Research Centre, National Research Council Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Brian Coleman
- Metrology Research Centre, National Research Council Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Liliana Gaburici
- Security and Disruptive Technologies Research Centre, National Research Council Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Daniel Prezgot
- Metrology Research Centre, National Research Council Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Zygmunt J Jakubek
- Metrology Research Centre, National Research Council Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Branaavan Sivarajah
- Department of Geography and Environmental Studies, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jesse C Vermaire
- Department of Geography and Environmental Studies, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - David R Lapen
- Ottawa Research Development Centre, Science and Technology Branch, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jessica R Velicogna
- Biological Assessment and Standardization Section, Science and Technology Branch, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Juliska I Princz
- Biological Assessment and Standardization Section, Science and Technology Branch, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jennifer F Provencher
- National Wildlife Research Centre, Science and Technology Branch, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shan Zou
- Metrology Research Centre, National Research Council Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
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11
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Zhang X, Lin L, Li H, Liu S, Tang S, Yuan B, Hong H, Su M, Liu J, Yan C, Lu H. Iron plaque formation and its influences on the properties of polyethylene plastic surfaces in coastal wetlands: Abiotic factors and bacterial community. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 461:132585. [PMID: 37741204 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.132585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2023]
Abstract
Iron (Fe) plaques in coastal wetlands are widely recognized because of their strong adsorption affinity for natural particles, but their interaction behaviors and mechanisms with plastics remain unknown. Through laboratory incubation experiments, paired with multiple characterization methods and microbial analysis, this work focused on the characteristics of Fe plaques on low-density polyethylene plastic surfaces and their relationship with environmental factors in coastal wetlands (Mangrove and Spartina alterniflora soil). The results showed that iron plaques increased the adhesive force of the plastic surface from 65.25 to 300 nN and promoted the oxidation of the plastic surface. Fe plaque formation was stimulated by salinity, anaerobic conditions, natural organic matter, and a weak alkaline scenario (pH 8.0-8.3). The Fe content showed a stable positive correlation with heavy metals loading (i.e., As, Mn, Co, Cr, Pb, and Zn). Furthermore, we revealed that Fe plaque was positively regulated by Nitrospirae through 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing analysis. Meanwhile, Verrucomicrobia and Kiritimatiellaeota. may act as depressants by consuming salt. This work illustrated that iron plaques could enhance the role of plastics in contaminant migration by altering their adsorption performance, providing new insights into plastic interface behavior and potential ecological effects in coastal wetlands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoting Zhang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, Fujian, China
| | - Lujian Lin
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, Fujian, China
| | - Hanyi Li
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, Fujian, China
| | - Shanle Liu
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, Fujian, China
| | - Shuai Tang
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Biotransformation of Organic Solid Waste, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Urban Ecological Process and Eco-Restoration, Technology Innovation Center for Land Spatial Eco-restoration in Metropolitan Area, Ministry of Natural Resources, Institute of Eco-Chongming, and School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Bo Yuan
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, Fujian, China
| | - Hualong Hong
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, Fujian, China
| | - Manlin Su
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, Fujian, China
| | - Jingchun Liu
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, Fujian, China
| | - Chongling Yan
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, Fujian, China
| | - Haoliang Lu
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, Fujian, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Coastal Pollution Prevention and Control, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, Fujian, China.
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12
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Cao Y, Sathish CI, Guan X, Wang S, Palanisami T, Vinu A, Yi J. Advances in magnetic materials for microplastic separation and degradation. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 461:132537. [PMID: 37716264 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.132537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/18/2023]
Abstract
The widespread use of plastics in modern human society has led to severe environmental pollution with microplastics (MP/MPs). The rising consumption of plastics raises the omnipresence of microplastics in aquatic environments, which carry toxic organic matter, transport toxic chemicals, and spread through the food chain, seriously threatening marine life and human health. In this context, several advanced strategies for separating and degrading MPs from water have been developed recently, and magnetic materials and their nanostructures have emerged as promising materials for targeting, adsorbing, transporting, and degrading MPs. However, a comprehensive review of MP remediation using magnetic materials and their nanostructures is currently lacking. The present work provides a critical review of the recent advances in MP removal/degradation using magnetic materials. The focus is on the comparison and analysis of the MP's removal efficiencies of different magnetic materials, including iron/ferrite nanoparticles, magnetic nanocomposites, and micromotors, aiming to unravel the underlying roles of magnetic materials in different types of MP degradation and present the general strategies for designing them with optimal performance. Finally, the review outlines the forthcoming challenges and perspectives in the development of magnetic nanomaterials for MP remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yitong Cao
- Global Innovative Center of Advanced Nanomaterials, College of Engineering, Science and Environment, University of Newcastle, Callaghan 2308, NSW, Australia
| | - C I Sathish
- Global Innovative Center of Advanced Nanomaterials, College of Engineering, Science and Environment, University of Newcastle, Callaghan 2308, NSW, Australia.
| | - Xinwei Guan
- Global Innovative Center of Advanced Nanomaterials, College of Engineering, Science and Environment, University of Newcastle, Callaghan 2308, NSW, Australia
| | - Shaobin Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Thava Palanisami
- Global Innovative Center of Advanced Nanomaterials, College of Engineering, Science and Environment, University of Newcastle, Callaghan 2308, NSW, Australia
| | - Ajayan Vinu
- Global Innovative Center of Advanced Nanomaterials, College of Engineering, Science and Environment, University of Newcastle, Callaghan 2308, NSW, Australia
| | - Jiabao Yi
- Global Innovative Center of Advanced Nanomaterials, College of Engineering, Science and Environment, University of Newcastle, Callaghan 2308, NSW, Australia.
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13
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Liu D, Iqbal S, Gui H, Xu J, An S, Xing B. Nano-Iron Oxide (Fe 3O 4) Mitigates the Effects of Microplastics on a Ryegrass Soil-Microbe-Plant System. ACS NANO 2023; 17:24867-24882. [PMID: 38084717 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c05809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
To understand microplastic-nanomaterial interactions in agricultural systems, a randomized block 90-day pot experiment was set up to cultivate ryegrass seedings in a typical red sandy soil amended with compost (1:9 ratio). Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and polyethylene (PE) microplastic (MP) contaminants were added into pot soils at 0.1 and 10%, whereas nano-Fe3O4 (as nanoenabled agrochemicals) was added at 0.1% and 0.5% in comparison with chemical-free controls. The combination of nano-Fe3O4 and MPs significantly increased the soil pH (+3% to + 17%) but decreased the total nitrogen content (-9% to - 30%; P < 0.05). The treatment group with both nano-Fe3O4 and PE had the highest total soil C (29 g kg-1 vs 20 g kg-1 in control) and C/N ratio (13 vs 8 in control). Increased rhizosphere nano-Fe3O4 concentrations promoted ryegrass growth (+42% dry weight) by enhancing the chlorophyll (+20%) and carotenoid (+15%) activities. Plant leaf and root peroxidase enzyme activity was more significantly affected by nano-Fe3O4 with PVC (+15%) than with PE (+6%). Nano-Fe3O4 significantly changed the ryegrass bacterial community structure from belowground (the rhizoplane and root endosphere) to aboveground (the phylloplane). Under MP contamination, the addition of nano-Fe3O4 increased bacterial diversity (+0.35%) and abundance (+30%) in the phylloplane and further intensified the connectivity of ryegrass aboveground bacterial networks (positive association increased 17%). The structural equation model showed that the change in the plant microbiome was associated with the rhizosphere microbiome. Overall, these findings imply the positive influences of nano-Fe3O4 on the soil-microbe-plant system and establish a method to alleviate the harmful effects of MP accumulation in soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Liu
- The Germplasm Bank of Wild Species, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Fungal Diversity and Green Development, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
| | - Shahid Iqbal
- Department of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, People's Republic of China
- Centre for Mountain Futures (CMF), Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, People's Republic of China
| | - Heng Gui
- Department of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, People's Republic of China
- Centre for Mountain Futures (CMF), Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianchu Xu
- Department of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, People's Republic of China
- Centre for Mountain Futures (CMF), Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaoshan An
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Baoshan Xing
- Stockbridge School of Agriculture, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
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14
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Xie Z, Men C, Yuan X, Miao S, Sun Q, Hu J, Zhang Y, Liu Y, Zuo J. Naturally aged polylactic acid microplastics stunted pakchoi (Brassica rapa subsp. chinensis) growth with cadmium in soil. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 460:132318. [PMID: 37672995 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.132318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
Biodegradable microplastics (BMPs) and cadmium (Cd) are posing threats to agro-systems especially to plants and current studies mostly used virgin BMPs to explore their ecological effects. However, effects of naturally aged BMPs and their combined effects with Cd on pakchoi are yet to be unraveled. Therefore, this study incubated naturally aged polylactic acid (PLA) MPs through soil aging process and investigated the single and combined effects of Cd and PLA MPs (virgin and aged) on pakchoi (Brassica rapa subsp. chinensis) morphology, antioxidant systems and soil microbial activities. Our results found that after being deposited in soil for six months, aged PLA (PLAa) MPs formed with a fractured surface, demonstrating more detrimental effects on pakchoi than virgin ones. PLA/PLAa MPs and Cd stunted pakchoi growth, caused oxidative stress and altered the biophysical environment in soil, separately. Moreover, co-existence of PLA/PLAa MPs and Cd caused greater damages to pakchoi than applied alone. The co-presence of PLAa MPs and Cd inhibited pakchoi biomass accumulation rate by 92.2 % compared with the no-addition group. The results unraveled here emphasized BMPs, especially aged BMPs, could trigger negative effects on agro-systems with heavy metals. These findings will give reference to future holistic assessments of BMPs' ecological effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenwen Xie
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Chengdu Xingrong Environment Co., Ltd, Chengdu 610041, China; Chengdu Drainage Co., Ltd, Chengdu 610011, China
| | - Cong Men
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Resource-Oriented Treatment of Industrialpollutants, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xin Yuan
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Sun Miao
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Quanyi Sun
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jiamin Hu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yanyan Zhang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yuxin Liu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Jiane Zuo
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China.
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15
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Parashar N, Hait S. Recent advances on microplastics pollution and removal from wastewater systems: A critical review. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 340:118014. [PMID: 37121002 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.118014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) (plastic particles <5 mm) are globally acknowledged as a serious emerging micropollutant, which passes through various pathways in natural habitats and eventually ends up in our food chain. In this context, the present study critically reviews recent advances in MPs sampling and detection, occurrence, fate, and removal in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) by delineating their characteristics that manifest toxicity in the environment via effluent discharge. While there is currently no standard protocol in place, this work examined and compared the latest approaches adopted for improved sampling, sample processing, and characterization of MPs via fluorescence imaging and certified reference materials for method validation. MPs concentration from different sources in the WWTPs varies considerably ranging between 0.28 and 18285 MPs/L (raw wastewater), 0.004-750 MPs/L (effluent), and 0.00023-10380 MPs/kg (sludge). Assessment of MPs removal efficiency across different treatment stages in various in WWTPs has been performed and elucidated their removal mechanisms. The overall MPs removal efficiency in primary, secondary, and tertiary treatment stages in WWTPs reported to be around 57-99%, 78.1-99.4%, and 90-99.2%, respectively. Moreover, the review covers advanced treatment methods for removing MPs, including membrane bioreactors, coagulation/flocculation, ultrafiltration, rapid sand filtration, ozonation, disc filtration, and reverse osmosis, which have been found to be highly effective (>99%). Membrane bioreactors have been proclaimed to be the most reliable secondary treatment technique for MPs removal. Coagulation (92.2-95.7%) followed by ozonation (99.2%) as a tertiary treatment chain has been demonstrated to be the most efficient in removing MPs from secondary-treated wastewater effluent. Further, the review delineates the effect of different treatment stages on the physical and chemical characteristics of MPs, associated toxicity, and potential impact factors that can influence the MPs removal efficiency in WWTPs. Conclusively, the merits and demerits of advanced treatment techniques to mitigate MPs pollution from the wastewater system, research gaps, and future perspectives have been highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Parashar
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Patna, Bihar, 801 106, India
| | - Subrata Hait
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Patna, Bihar, 801 106, India.
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16
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Wang HP, Huang XH, Chen JN, Dong M, Zhang YY, Qin L. Pouring hot water through drip bags releases thousands of microplastics into coffee. Food Chem 2023; 415:135717. [PMID: 36848832 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.135717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) released from food packaging have attracted widespread attention. In this study, drip bags made from polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polyester (PET), and rayon selected from eight brands were employed to investigate MPs releasing. Fourier-transform infrared microspectroscopy (μ-FTIR), optical microscope and scanning electron microscope (SEM) were used to study the effects of brewing time and temperature on the release of MPs. The results showed that a single plastic coffee bag steeped at 95 ℃ for 5 min could release more than 10,000 MPs particles into a cup of coffee. Irregular blocks, long strips, and size range of 10-500 μm MPs were easier to be released, implying that consuming 3-4 cups of coffee will lead to an intake of 50 thousand MPs particles daily. Rayon was the primary type of released MPs, accounting for over 80% of the total amount of the released MPs. Our results are hoped to provide evaluation standards of material selection for processing coffee bags.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Peng Wang
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian 116034, PR China
| | - Xu-Hui Huang
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian 116034, PR China
| | - Jia-Nan Chen
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian 116034, PR China
| | - Meng Dong
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian 116034, PR China
| | - Yu-Ying Zhang
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian 116034, PR China
| | - Lei Qin
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian 116034, PR China.
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17
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Osman AI, Hosny M, Eltaweil AS, Omar S, Elgarahy AM, Farghali M, Yap PS, Wu YS, Nagandran S, Batumalaie K, Gopinath SCB, John OD, Sekar M, Saikia T, Karunanithi P, Hatta MHM, Akinyede KA. Microplastic sources, formation, toxicity and remediation: a review. ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY LETTERS 2023; 21:1-41. [PMID: 37362012 PMCID: PMC10072287 DOI: 10.1007/s10311-023-01593-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 71.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Microplastic pollution is becoming a major issue for human health due to the recent discovery of microplastics in most ecosystems. Here, we review the sources, formation, occurrence, toxicity and remediation methods of microplastics. We distinguish ocean-based and land-based sources of microplastics. Microplastics have been found in biological samples such as faeces, sputum, saliva, blood and placenta. Cancer, intestinal, pulmonary, cardiovascular, infectious and inflammatory diseases are induced or mediated by microplastics. Microplastic exposure during pregnancy and maternal period is also discussed. Remediation methods include coagulation, membrane bioreactors, sand filtration, adsorption, photocatalytic degradation, electrocoagulation and magnetic separation. Control strategies comprise reducing plastic usage, behavioural change, and using biodegradable plastics. Global plastic production has risen dramatically over the past 70 years to reach 359 million tonnes. China is the world's top producer, contributing 17.5% to global production, while Turkey generates the most plastic waste in the Mediterranean region, at 144 tonnes per day. Microplastics comprise 75% of marine waste, with land-based sources responsible for 80-90% of pollution, while ocean-based sources account for only 10-20%. Microplastics induce toxic effects on humans and animals, such as cytotoxicity, immune response, oxidative stress, barrier attributes, and genotoxicity, even at minimal dosages of 10 μg/mL. Ingestion of microplastics by marine animals results in alterations in gastrointestinal tract physiology, immune system depression, oxidative stress, cytotoxicity, differential gene expression, and growth inhibition. Furthermore, bioaccumulation of microplastics in the tissues of aquatic organisms can have adverse effects on the aquatic ecosystem, with potential transmission of microplastics to humans and birds. Changing individual behaviours and governmental actions, such as implementing bans, taxes, or pricing on plastic carrier bags, has significantly reduced plastic consumption to 8-85% in various countries worldwide. The microplastic minimisation approach follows an upside-down pyramid, starting with prevention, followed by reducing, reusing, recycling, recovering, and ending with disposal as the least preferable option.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed I. Osman
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, David Keir Building, Queen’s University Belfast, Stranmillis Road, Belfast, BT9 5AG Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Mohamed Hosny
- Green Technology Group, Environmental Sciences Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21511 Egypt
| | | | - Sara Omar
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M. Elgarahy
- Environmental Science Department, Faculty of Science, Port Said University, Port Said, Egypt
- Egyptian Propylene and Polypropylene Company (EPPC), Port-Said, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Farghali
- Department of Agricultural Engineering and Socio-Economics, Kobe University, Kobe, 657-8501 Japan
- Department of Animal and Poultry Hygiene & Environmental Sanitation, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, 71526 Egypt
| | - Pow-Seng Yap
- Department of Civil Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou, 215123 China
| | - Yuan-Seng Wu
- Centre for Virus and Vaccine Research, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, 47500 Subang Jaya, Selangor Malaysia
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, 47500 Subang Jaya, Selangor Malaysia
| | - Saraswathi Nagandran
- Centre for Virus and Vaccine Research, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, 47500 Subang Jaya, Selangor Malaysia
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, 47500 Subang Jaya, Selangor Malaysia
| | - Kalaivani Batumalaie
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Asia Metropolitan University, 81750 Johor Bahru, Malaysia
| | - Subash C. B. Gopinath
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering & Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), 02600 Arau, Perlis Malaysia
- Institute of Nano Electronic Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), 01000 Kangar, Perlis, Malaysia
- Micro System Technology, Centre of Excellence, Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Pauh Campus, 02600 Arau, Perlis Malaysia
| | - Oliver Dean John
- Faculty of Science and Natural Resources, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, 88400 Kota Kinabalu, Sabah Malaysia
| | - Mahendran Sekar
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Royal College of Medicine Perak, Universiti Kuala Lumpur, 30450 Ipoh, Perak Malaysia
| | - Trideep Saikia
- Girijananda Chowdhury Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Guwahati Assam, India
| | - Puvanan Karunanithi
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Manipal University College Malaysia (MUCM), Melaka, Malaysia
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Hayrie Mohd Hatta
- Centre for Research and Development, Asia Metropolitan University, 81750 Johor Bahru, Johor Malaysia
| | - Kolajo Adedamola Akinyede
- Department of Medical Bioscience, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, Cape Town, 7530 South Africa
- Biochemistry Unit, Department of Science Technology, The Federal Polytechnic, P.M.B.5351, Ado Ekiti, 360231 Ekiti State Nigeria
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18
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Constant M, Alary C, Weiss L, Constant A, Billon G. Trapped microplastics within vertical redeposited sediment: Experimental study simulating lake and channeled river systems during resuspension events. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 322:121212. [PMID: 36740164 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Plastic waste and its fragments (microplastics; <5 mm) have been observed in almost all types of environments. However, the mechanisms underlying the flow and transport processes of plastics are unknown. This is particularly valid for river sediments, where complex interactions occur between particles and influence their vertical and horizontal distribution patterns. In this study, we investigated the vertical redistribution of 14 pristine microplastics (MPs) with different densities, sizes, and shapes within disturbed sediment without lateral transport (i.e., low-velocity flow). MPs were spiked into sediments (height: 8 cm) in a column with a height of 1 m (diameter: 6 cm) filled to the top with water. The sediment was perturbed by turning the column upside-down to simulate remobilization and the subsequent deposition of sediment. After the complete sedimentation of the particles, the water column was filtered and the sediment was cut into vertical sections. MPs were then extracted from the sediment using sieves and a density separation method, and were counted under a stereomicroscope. Low-density polymers were mainly recovered in the water column and at the surface of the sediment, whereas high-density polymers were found within all sediment sections. The vertical distribution of high-density polymers changes primarily with the sediment grain size. The distribution of each polymer type changes depending on the size and/or shape of the particles with complex interactions. The observed distributions were compared with the expected distributions based only on the vertical velocity formulas. Overall, the formulas used did not explain the sedimentation of a portion of low-density polymers and predicted a lower distribution in the sediment than those observed in the experiment. In conclusion, this study highlights the importance of considering MPs as multi-dimensional particles and provides clues to understand their fate in low-velocity flow systems, considering that they undergo scavenging in sediments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mel Constant
- Univ. Lille, Institut Mines-Télécom, Univ. Artois, Junia, ULR 4515 - LGCgE, Laboratoire de Génie Civil et géo-Environnement, F-59000, Lille, France.
| | - Claire Alary
- Univ. Lille, Institut Mines-Télécom, Univ. Artois, Junia, ULR 4515 - LGCgE, Laboratoire de Génie Civil et géo-Environnement, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Lisa Weiss
- Université de Toulouse III, CNES, CNRS, IRD, UMR 5566 - LEGOS, Laboratoire d'Etudes en Géophysique et Océanographie Spatiales, F-31400, Toulouse, France; Université de Bretagne Occidentale, IUEM, CNRS, IRD, Ifremer, UMR 6523 - LOPS, Laboratoire d'Océanographie Physique et Spatiale, F-29280, Plouzané, France
| | - Alix Constant
- Univ. Lille, Institut Mines-Télécom, Univ. Artois, Junia, ULR 4515 - LGCgE, Laboratoire de Génie Civil et géo-Environnement, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Gabriel Billon
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8516 - LASIRE, Laboratoire Avancé de Spectroscopie pour les Interactions, la Réactivité et l'Environnement, F-59000, Lille, France
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19
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Zhou Y, Jing J, Yu R, Zhao Y, Gou Y, Zhang Z, Tang H, Zhang H, Huang Y. Microplastics in plateau agricultural areas: Spatial changes reveal their source and distribution characteristics. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 319:121006. [PMID: 36610652 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The Huangshui catchment on the northeastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP) was selected as the study area to investigate the abundance, distribution characteristics, and influencing factors of microplastics (MPs) in surface agricultural soils (0-20 cm). The MP levels ranged from 6 to 444 items/kg, with an average of 86 items/kg. The relative abundance of small-sized MPs (<2 mm) was higher than that of large-sized MPs (2-5 mm). Polyethylene was the most common, and residual mulching film in farmland was the main source of MPs. The spatial distribution characteristics of MPs were analyzed through inverse distance weight interpolation, and MP abundance in agricultural soils in neighboring urban areas was significantly higher than that in other areas. Further analysis found that population density was significantly positively correlated with MP abundance (R2 = 0.9090, p < 0.01), indicating that human activities play a key role in MP pollution even in remote areas. In addition, the effects of irrigation, land use type, and soil physicochemical properties on the abundance of MPs were analyzed. Atmospheric transport and irrigation with surface water contribute to soil MP pollution. The direct effects of soil properties on MP abundance are still largely unclear, requiring further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhou
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, PR China
| | - Jing Jing
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, PR China
| | - Ruyue Yu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Land Quality, Ministry of Natural Resources, Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (North China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Land Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, PR China
| | - Yunze Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Land Quality, Ministry of Natural Resources, Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (North China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Land Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, PR China
| | - Yuxuan Gou
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Land Quality, Ministry of Natural Resources, Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (North China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Land Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, PR China
| | - Zhengyu Zhang
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, PR China
| | - Huaizhi Tang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Land Quality, Ministry of Natural Resources, Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (North China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Land Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, PR China
| | - Hongyan Zhang
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, PR China.
| | - Yuanfang Huang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Land Quality, Ministry of Natural Resources, Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (North China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Land Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, PR China
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20
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Do T, Park Y, Lim B, Kim S, Chae MY, Chun CH. Effect of the first-flush phenomenon on the quantification of microplastics in rainwater. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2023; 187:114559. [PMID: 36603237 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.114559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Precipitation of airborne microplastics (MPs) by rainfall is one of the major transport pathways of MPs from land-to-marine. While most studies examining wet precipitation of MPs collect surface runoffs, direct investigations of MPs in rainwater are hardly reported. In this study, high-frequency and direct rainwater sampling methodology considering the first-flush effect was demonstrated. The variations in MP abundance were evaluated by the inlet size of rainwater collector, time, and duration of sampling. As a result, a stable abundance of MPs was obtained when samplings were conducted at the same time and duration even with different collectors. On the other hand, the abundance increased as much as 4.5 times in samples collected at different times due to the first-flush effect of rainfall. Thus, our methodology that presents MPs concentration versus time curves based on high-frequency sampling would be helpful for easy comparison between similar rainfall studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taegu Do
- Chemical Business R&D Department, Institute of Science, CESCO Co., 46 Sangil-ro 10-gil, Gangdong-gu, Seoul 05288, Republic of Korea; Construction Materials Center, Korea Testing and Research Institute (KTR), 98 Guoyukwon-ro, Gwacheon-si, Gyeonggi-do 13810, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yujeong Park
- Chemical Business R&D Department, Institute of Science, CESCO Co., 46 Sangil-ro 10-gil, Gangdong-gu, Seoul 05288, Republic of Korea
| | - Byungchul Lim
- Chemical Business R&D Department, Institute of Science, CESCO Co., 46 Sangil-ro 10-gil, Gangdong-gu, Seoul 05288, Republic of Korea
| | - Soyoun Kim
- Chemical Business R&D Department, Institute of Science, CESCO Co., 46 Sangil-ro 10-gil, Gangdong-gu, Seoul 05288, Republic of Korea; Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, 52 Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Young Chae
- Chemical Business R&D Department, Institute of Science, CESCO Co., 46 Sangil-ro 10-gil, Gangdong-gu, Seoul 05288, Republic of Korea
| | - Chi-Hwan Chun
- Chemical Business R&D Department, Institute of Science, CESCO Co., 46 Sangil-ro 10-gil, Gangdong-gu, Seoul 05288, Republic of Korea.
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21
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Magnetic Extraction of Weathered Tire Wear Particles and Polyethylene Microplastics. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14235189. [PMID: 36501583 PMCID: PMC9740573 DOI: 10.3390/polym14235189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnetic extraction offers a rapid and low-cost solution to microplastic (MP) separation, in which we magnetize the hydrophobic surface of MPs to separate them from complex environmental matrices using magnets. We synthesized a hydrophobic Fe-silane based nanocomposite (Fe@SiO2/MDOS) to separate MPs from freshwater. Pristine and weathered, polyethylene (PE) and tire wear particles (TWP) of different sizes were used in the study. The weathering of MPs was performed in an accelerated weathering chamber according to ISO 4892-2:2013 standards that mimic natural weathering conditions. The chemical properties and morphology of the Fe@SiO2/MDOS, PE and TWP were confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and Scanning electron microscopy, respectively. The thermal properties of PE and TWP were evaluated by Thermogravimetric analysis. Using 1.00 mg of Fe@SiO2/MDOS nanocomposite, 2.00 mg of pristine and weathered PE were extracted from freshwater; whereas, using the same amount of the nanocomposite, 7.92 mg of pristine TWP and 6.87 mg of weathered TWP were extracted. The retrieval of weathered TWP was 13% less than that of pristine TWP, which can be attributed to the increasing hydrophilicity of weathered TWP. The results reveal that the effectiveness of the magnetic separation technique varies among different polymer types and their sizes; the weathering of MPs also influences the magnetic separation efficiency.
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22
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Liu H, Yue L, Zhao Y, Li J, Fu Y, Deng H, Feng D, Li Q, Yu H, Zhang Y, Ge C. Changes in bacterial community structures in soil caused by migration and aging of microplastics. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 848:157790. [PMID: 35932870 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) are classified as emerging pollutants and greatly threatens soil ecosystems. To determine the impact of microplastic migration on soil bacterial diversity, we conducted a 90-day indoor soil column simulation test. Soil and microplastic (granular polystyrene, polypropylene MPs) samples were collected from different soil layers on days 30, 60, and 90. The downward migration trend of MPs was obvious, and its surface functional groups, hydrophobic properties, and crystallinity changed. Bacterial diversity was significantly higher in the surrounding soil than on microplastic surfaces. Also, the topsoil has more bacterial diversity than the middle soil. A higher number of OTUs were detected on microplastic surfaces for the middle soil than in the topsoil. Proteobacteria abundance on microplastic surfaces in the topsoil gradually increased over the course of the experiment, while an opposite trend was observed for the middle soil. Nevertheless, Proteobacteria abundances in both layers were higher than in the surrounding soils. MPs alters the bacterial community composition of soils and provides unique substrates for colonization. The impacts of MPs on soil bacterial communities were better understood in this study. Our findings highlighted the relevance of MPs in soil ecosystems as well as the potential threats they pose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanyu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Forestry Environmental Processes and Ecological Regulation of Hainan Province, Haikou 570228, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Hainan University, Ministry of Education, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Lin Yue
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Forestry Environmental Processes and Ecological Regulation of Hainan Province, Haikou 570228, China; Eco-Environmental Monitoring Center of Hainan Province, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Forestry Environmental Processes and Ecological Regulation of Hainan Province, Haikou 570228, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Hainan University, Ministry of Education, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Jiatong Li
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Forestry Environmental Processes and Ecological Regulation of Hainan Province, Haikou 570228, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Hainan University, Ministry of Education, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Yan Fu
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Forestry Environmental Processes and Ecological Regulation of Hainan Province, Haikou 570228, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Hainan University, Ministry of Education, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Hui Deng
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Forestry Environmental Processes and Ecological Regulation of Hainan Province, Haikou 570228, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Hainan University, Ministry of Education, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Dan Feng
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Forestry Environmental Processes and Ecological Regulation of Hainan Province, Haikou 570228, China; Institute of Environmental and Ecological Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Quality Improvement and Ecological Restoration for Watersheds, Guangzhou 510006, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Hainan University, Ministry of Education, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Qipei Li
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Forestry Environmental Processes and Ecological Regulation of Hainan Province, Haikou 570228, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Hainan University, Ministry of Education, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Huamei Yu
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Forestry Environmental Processes and Ecological Regulation of Hainan Province, Haikou 570228, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Hainan University, Ministry of Education, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Forestry Environmental Processes and Ecological Regulation of Hainan Province, Haikou 570228, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Hainan University, Ministry of Education, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Chengjun Ge
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Forestry Environmental Processes and Ecological Regulation of Hainan Province, Haikou 570228, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Hainan University, Ministry of Education, Haikou 570228, China.
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23
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Katsumi N, Nagao S, Okochi H. Addition of polyvinyl pyrrolidone during density separation with sodium iodide solution improves recovery rate of small microplastics (20-150 μm) from soils and sediments. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 307:135730. [PMID: 35863422 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to identify a method to accurately separate small microplastics (<100 μm) from soil and sediment. We initially conducted spike-and-recovery tests using polyethylene microbeads and density separation and found that the recovery rate of microplastic particles smaller than 100 μm was less than 60%. This result suggested that previous reports have underestimated the concentrations of microplastics smaller than 100 μm in soil. When polyvinyl pyrrolidone was added and dispersed in a heavy liquid, the recovery rate exceeded 90%, regardless of the microplastic particle size. This improved recovery rate was independent of the type of polymer (polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene, polyethylene terephthalate, or nylon 6) and the physicochemical properties of the soil (Andisols, Entisols, or Ultisols), and the method was also effective for marine and lake sediments. Using this method, we measured microplastic concentrations in paddy soil. The results showed that the most common particle size, 20-100 μm, accounted for 64% of all microplastics. Accurate separation from the soil of fractions smaller than 100 μm, which account for the majority of microplastics in soil, will enable an accurate assessment of the impact of microplastics on the soil ecosystem. The method identified in this study can serve as the basic technique for achieving that goal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoya Katsumi
- Faculty of Bioresources and Environmental Sciences, Ishikawa Prefectural University, 1-308 Suematsu, Nonoichi, Ishikawa, 921-8836, Japan.
| | - Seiya Nagao
- Low Level Radioactivity Laboratory, Institute of Nature and Environmental Technology, Kanazawa University, 24, O, Wake, Nomi, Ishikawa, 923-1224, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Okochi
- School of Creative Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku, Tokyo, 169-8555, Japan
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24
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Liu Y, Jiang WY, Liao Y, Sun R, Hu J, Lu Z, Chang M, Yang J, Dai Z, Zhou C, Hong P, Qian ZJ, Sun S, Ren L, Liang YQ, Zhang Y, Li C. Separation of false-positive microplastics and analysis of microplastics via a two-phase system combined with confocal Raman spectroscopy. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 440:129803. [PMID: 36027743 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.129803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In the field of microplastics research, more accurate standardised methods and analytical techniques still need to be explored. In this study, a new method for the microplastics quantitatively and qualitatively analysis by two-phase (ethyl acetate-water) system combined with confocal Raman spectroscopy was developed. Microplastics can be separated from false-positive microplastics in beach sand and marine sediment, attributing to the hydrophobic-lipophilic interaction (HLI) of the two-phase system. Results show that the recovery rates of complex environment microplastics (polypropylene (PP), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyamide 66 (PA 66), polycarbonate (PC) and polyethylene (PE)) are higher than 92.98%. Moreover, the new technique can also be used to detect hydrophobic and lipophilic antibiotics, such as sulfamethoxazole (SMX), erythromycin (EM), madimycin (MD), and josamycin (JOS), which adsorbed on microplastics and are extracted based on the dissolving-precipitating mechanism. This innovative research strategy provides a new scope for further detection of marine environment microplastics and toxic compounds adsorbed on its surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Liu
- School of Chemistry and Environment, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen 518108, China
| | - Wen-Yan Jiang
- School of Chemistry and Environment, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Yuying Liao
- School of Chemistry and Environment, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Ruikun Sun
- School of Chemistry and Environment, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Jiale Hu
- School of Chemistry and Environment, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Zifan Lu
- Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen 518108, China; College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Min Chang
- School of Chemistry and Environment, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Jie Yang
- School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Zhenqing Dai
- Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen 518108, China.
| | - Chunxia Zhou
- Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen 518108, China; College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Pengzhi Hong
- Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen 518108, China; College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Zhong-Ji Qian
- School of Chemistry and Environment, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen 518108, China
| | - Shengli Sun
- School of Chemistry and Environment, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Lei Ren
- Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen 518108, China; College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Yan-Qiu Liang
- Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen 518108, China; College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Yueqin Zhang
- Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen 518108, China; College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Chengyong Li
- School of Chemistry and Environment, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen 518108, China.
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25
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Liu B, Li W, Pan X, Zhang D. The persistently breaking trade-offs of three-decade plastic film mulching: Microplastic pollution, soil degradation and reduced cotton yield. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 439:129586. [PMID: 35908395 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.129586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Plastic mulching has been extensively used for near 40 years in China because of the commonly recognized trade-offs between economic profit and adverse impacts. Whether the trade-offs is well kept after decades of mulching usage is poorly understood. In this study, microplastic (MP) pollution, soil physical properties, as well as the root traits and yields of cotton under plastic mulching for different years (up to 32 years) in northwest China were investigated. The results showed that average abundance of MPs in soil ranged from 28.00 to 1426.67 items kg-1 and increased with time whereas size of MPs decreased with time. With respect to soil physical properties, bulk density and penetration resistance significantly increased with mulching time while saturated hydraulic conductivity and mean weight diameter of water-stable aggregates in cotton fields decreased over time, indicating that long-term plastic mulching has irreversible adverse impact on soil function. The significantly increased soil penetration resistance and decreased hydraulic conductivity substantially restricted root growth and this finally led to remarkable reduction of seed cotton yield. It is urgent for the agricultural departments to take appropriate measures to mitigate the constantly increased negative trade-offs of plastic mulching in the arid areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingshen Liu
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Bioremediation, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wenfeng Li
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Bioremediation, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China
| | - Xiangliang Pan
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Bioremediation, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China; Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China.
| | - Daoyong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
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26
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Yang H, Yumeng Y, Yu Y, Yinglin H, Fu B, Wang J. Distribution, sources, migration, influence and analytical methods of microplastics in soil ecosystems. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 243:114009. [PMID: 36030682 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.114009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics are ubiquitous in soil ecosystems all over the world through source and migration. It is even estimated that the content of microplastics in terrestrial ecosystems exceeds the number of microplastics entering sea ecosystems. However, compared with the research on microplastics in marine ecosystems, the research and discussion on microplastics in soil ecosystems are still less. Transportation, film mulching and sewage sludge are three main sources of soil microplastics. The abundance, polymer type, size and shape of the microplastics are related to the source and they help to clarify the source. The characteristics of microplastics, farming measures, soil animal activities and other factors promote the migration of microplastics, which bring new challenges to the soil ecosystems and humans. This article summarizes the latest research findings on the effects of soil microplasticity on soil properties, plants, animals and microorganisms. The analysis methods of microplastics in soil can refer to the analysis methods of microplastics of aquatic sediments, because soil and aquatic sediments are similar, both of which are complex solid substrates. At present, the development of analytical methods is limited due to the complex matrix of soil and the small volume of microplastics, which requires continuous development and innovation. Through the summary and analysis of related articles, this article reviews the distribution, sources, migration, influence and analysis methods of soil microplastics. This article also critically analyzes the deficiencies in the studies of microplastics in the soil ecosystems, and made some suggestions for future work. The microplastics in soil ecosystems need further research and summary, which will help people further understand the potential hazards of microplastics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huirong Yang
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Zhongshan Innovation Center of South China Agricultural University, Zhongshan 528400, China
| | - Yan Yumeng
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Youkai Yu
- Institute for Innovation and Entrepreneurship, Loughborough University, London E20 3BS, UK
| | - He Yinglin
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Bing Fu
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Jun Wang
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Zhuhai 528478, China; Institute of Eco-Environmental Research, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning 530007, China.
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27
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Maisto M, Ranauda MA, Zuzolo D, Tartaglia M, Postiglione A, Prigioniero A, Falzarano A, Scarano P, Sciarrillo R, Guarino C. Influence of sediment texture on HDPE microplastics recovery by density separation. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 317:115363. [PMID: 35642821 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.115363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) are an emerging environmental pollutant, threatening marine and terrestrial ecosystems. Because of their properties and their widely varying size (5mm-0.1 μm), it is still difficult to define a valid and efficient method for extracting MPs from solid matrices. Among the several methods proposed, density separation is the most practical and cost-effective one. Progress is still ongoing towards a deeper understanding of the advantages and limitations related to the application of density separation for MPs extraction, the recovery yields and the factors that may influence it. In this context, we introduce the following work, which provides an early-stage insight into how the sediment texture may influence the efficiency of this extraction method, and how parameters, such as sedimentation time and extraction cycles, can be modified to always achieve the best recovery. Our focus has been directed on evaluating the extraction efficiency of HDPE MPs by density separation using NaCl, from three types of sediment: sandy (SS), sandy loam (SLS) and sandy-clay loam (SCLS). We investigated the impact of sedimentation time (1, 6, 12, 24 h) and extraction cycles (3 cycles for each sedimentation time) on MPs recovery. Finally, we determined the minimum amount of MPs (MPs g/g sediment) below which it is not possible to quantify MPs with the method used. The results have shown that the recovery efficiency of MPs from sediment is structure dependent. The highest recoveries are reached after a settling time of 1 and 6 h. Furthermore, for samples with minimum clay content (SS), only one extraction cycle is needed, whereas two extraction cycles are required for SLS and SCLS. The outcomes about the detection limit (LOD) of the method, showed the existence of an interaction MPs-clay/sediment, which allowed us to understand how far this extraction method is suitable in field, thus defining the minimum grade of MPs pollution (MPs g/g sediment) below which this method is no longer capable to extract MPs from contaminated samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Maisto
- Department of Science and Technology, University of Sannio, Via de Sanctis Snc, 82100, Benevento, Italy
| | - Maria Antonietta Ranauda
- Department of Science and Technology, University of Sannio, Via de Sanctis Snc, 82100, Benevento, Italy
| | - Daniela Zuzolo
- Department of Science and Technology, University of Sannio, Via de Sanctis Snc, 82100, Benevento, Italy.
| | - Maria Tartaglia
- Department of Science and Technology, University of Sannio, Via de Sanctis Snc, 82100, Benevento, Italy
| | - Alessia Postiglione
- Department of Science and Technology, University of Sannio, Via de Sanctis Snc, 82100, Benevento, Italy
| | - Antonello Prigioniero
- Department of Science and Technology, University of Sannio, Via de Sanctis Snc, 82100, Benevento, Italy
| | - Alessandra Falzarano
- Department of Science and Technology, University of Sannio, Via de Sanctis Snc, 82100, Benevento, Italy
| | - Pierpaolo Scarano
- Department of Science and Technology, University of Sannio, Via de Sanctis Snc, 82100, Benevento, Italy
| | - Rosaria Sciarrillo
- Department of Science and Technology, University of Sannio, Via de Sanctis Snc, 82100, Benevento, Italy
| | - Carmine Guarino
- Department of Science and Technology, University of Sannio, Via de Sanctis Snc, 82100, Benevento, Italy
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Nie C, Yang J, Sang C, Xia Y, Huang K. Reduction performance of microplastics and their behavior in a vermi-wetland during the recycling of excess sludge: A quantitative assessment for fluorescent polymethyl methacrylate. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 832:155005. [PMID: 35381247 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Large amounts of microplastics (MPs) that have accumulated in excess sludge may increase the environmental risk for its subsequent treatment. This study aimed to investigate the performance and mechanism of the reduction of MPs in excess sludge in a vermi-wetland. For this, 1 μm, 100 μm, and 500 μm of fluorescent MPs stained with Nile red were added to raw sludge, and their decreased numbers were quantified during the treatment of sludge. The results showed that the removal rates of chemical oxygen demand and total solids from the excess sludge were 63.44%-90.98% and 37.61%-51.56% in the vermi-wetland, respectively. The numbers of 1 μm, 100 μm, and 500 μm MPs could be reduced by 86.62%-95.69%, 95.44%-99.52%, and 100% in the vermi-wetland, respectively. These results indicate that the vermi-wetland is more effective at eliminating MPs. Further insight into the vermi-wetland stratification was obtained, and more than 74.87% of the MPs were intercepted in the vermicompost layer. Moreover, all the particle sizes of MPs were found in the excrement of earthworms. However, only 1 μm MPs were detected in their digestive organs. This study suggests that the interception effect is primarily responsible for elimination of MPs in excess sludge, and the bioturbation of earthworms plays an important role in the mobilization of MPs in vermi-wetlands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cailong Nie
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, China; School of Environmental Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Jing Yang
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, China; Key Laboratory of Yellow River Water Environment in Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Chunlei Sang
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, China; Key Laboratory of Yellow River Water Environment in Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Yu Xia
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Integrated Surface Water-Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil and Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Kui Huang
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, China; Key Laboratory of Yellow River Water Environment in Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730070, China.
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29
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Pérez-Guevara F, Roy PD, Kutralam-Muniasamy G, Shruti VC. Coverage of microplastic data underreporting and progress toward standardization. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 829:154727. [PMID: 35331761 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The analysis of microplastics in various environmental matrices is becoming more prevalent in almost every region of the world. Microplastics are underreported depending on how they are extracted and analyzed, and their magnitude and impacts are unknown or unstudied. This paper aims to synthesize a concrete assessment of the important factors that underpin microplastics data underreporting. Our analysis revealed that there is considerable evidence to highlight data underreporting on microplastic abundance and characteristics, which stems from a combination of partial evaluation, economic constraints, recovery efficiency of microplastic extraction, filter pore size used for microplastic separation, and the detection limit of the quantification and characterization method. The majority of unreported data fell into the category of significantly smaller-sized microplastic particles (1-300 μm), which are known to be more harmful to the environment and human health. Recommendations toward the improvement of methodologies for improving microplastic data, as well as the critical areas that will drive standardization ahead, are addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fermín Pérez-Guevara
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, Mexico; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology Program, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Priyadarsi D Roy
- Instituto de Geología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad Universitaria, Del. Coyoacán, C.P. 04510 Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Gurusamy Kutralam-Muniasamy
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
| | - V C Shruti
- Instituto de Geología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad Universitaria, Del. Coyoacán, C.P. 04510 Ciudad de México, Mexico.
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30
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Chia RW, Lee JY, Cha J. Comment on the paper 'Soil microplastic pollution under different land uses in tropics, southwestern China'. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 298:134289. [PMID: 35283144 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Research on soil microplastics is currently at an early stage, and there is no widely approved sampling protocol. Even so, any basic research should minimize errors to ensure that they are not amplified in future research. This paper examines some weaknesses of the original research paper 'Soil microplastic pollution under different land uses in tropics, southwestern China' recently published in this journal. The authors neglected to report the equipment used for soil sampling and did not use field blank samples. There is also a soil layer that was incorrectly named. The type and pore size of filter paper used for filtration during pre-analytical soil sample preparation is very important. In this paper the nature of the filter paper used, and its larger pore sizes are questionable by today's scientists. In addition, the authors in the original paper also overlooked reporting the statistical package used for statical analysis and ensuring if all data sets obey normality, homogeneity, and equality before running the one-way ANOVA test. This statistical step is widely considered mandatory, especially in the soil science community. So, this makes it difficult to trust the results documented. Furthermore, in the original paper, the needle and stereo microscope instruments used to sort microplastic-like materials prior to proper analysis are not reliable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rogers Wainkwa Chia
- Department of Geology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea; Research Institute for Earth Resources, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Yong Lee
- Department of Geology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea; Research on Microplastics in Groundwater (RMPG), Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jihye Cha
- Department of Geology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea; Research on Microplastics in Groundwater (RMPG), Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
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31
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Dilshad A, Taneez M, Younas F, Jabeen A, Rafiq MT, Fatimah H. Microplastic pollution in the surface water and sediments from Kallar Kahar wetland, Pakistan: occurrence, distribution, and characterization by ATR-FTIR. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2022; 194:511. [PMID: 35713715 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-022-10171-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
This study reports the distribution of microplastics in surface water and sediments collected from Kallar Kahar wetland, Punjab, Pakistan, which is a game reserve and hosts migratory birds during winter season. Microplastics were extracted using density separation and wet oxidation method. The microplastics identification was done under a stereo-microscope, and their polymer compositions were characterized using an attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy. The average abundance of microplastics in water and sediment samples was 88 ± 14.5 items/L and 5720 ± 2580 items/kg, respectively. The dominant shape groups of microplastics in water were fiber (58.7%), irregular fragments (32.4%), and beads (8.7%) with dominant colors as transparent > black > yellow ≈ white > red > green > pink > blue. Similar distribution in sediments was found, i.e., fiber (61.2%), irregular fragments (28.4%), and beads (10.3%) with dominant colors as transparent > pink > white > red ≈ black > blue > brown > green ≈ yellow. The ATR-FTIR spectra of visible microplastics were identified to be polypropylene (PP), high density polyethylene (HDPE), ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA), low density polyethylene (LDPE), nitrile, polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), latex, and polyethylene terephthalate (PETE). In the study area, recreational activities, improper waste disposal, and runoff from catchment areas are the main reasons for the contamination of microplastics in the Lake. The pollution load can be minimized by taking measures such as creating awareness, promotion of ecotourism, and reducing plastic use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aqsa Dilshad
- Sulaiman Bin Abdullah Aba Al-Khail-Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences (SA-CIRBS), International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Mehwish Taneez
- Sulaiman Bin Abdullah Aba Al-Khail-Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences (SA-CIRBS), International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
| | - Farhan Younas
- Sulaiman Bin Abdullah Aba Al-Khail-Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences (SA-CIRBS), International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Asma Jabeen
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Fatima Jinnah Women University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Tariq Rafiq
- Sulaiman Bin Abdullah Aba Al-Khail-Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences (SA-CIRBS), International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Hina Fatimah
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Allama Iqbal Open University, Islamabad, Pakistan
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Ren X, Yin S, Wang L, Tang J. Microplastics in plant-microbes-soil system: A review on recent studies. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 816:151523. [PMID: 34748830 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) and nanoplastics (NPs) have been widely studied, mostly focusing on the methods of separation, detection, and adsorption or the ecological effects in aquatic ecosystems. When different sources and types of MPs/NPs enter the soil, they can affect the biogeochemical cycle in terms of the direct impacts on soil physicochemical properties and soil organisms, and the indirect impact on soil biota through changes in soil material cycling. To date, a few studies have focused on the effects of MPs/NPs on soil ecosystems, including soil properties, microbial communities, soil fauna, and plants, as well as the potential or affirmed correlations among them. In this review, we summarized the recent literature on soil MPs/NPs focusing on their types, sources, separation, and ecological impacts on soil properties, microbes, and plants. We attempted to establish an overall relationship between MPs/NPs and soil plant system. Based on existing studies, we also highlight the research gaps and propose several directions for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinwei Ren
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Engineering Center of Environmental Diagnosis and Contamination Remediation, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China; School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Rd., Shanghai 200240, China; Shanghai Yangtze River Delta Eco-Environmental Change and Management Observation and Research Station, Ministry of Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, 800 Dongchuan Rd, Shanghai 200240, China; Shanghai Urban Forest Ecosystem Research Station, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, 800 Dongchuan Rd., Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Shan Yin
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Rd., Shanghai 200240, China; Shanghai Yangtze River Delta Eco-Environmental Change and Management Observation and Research Station, Ministry of Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, 800 Dongchuan Rd, Shanghai 200240, China; Shanghai Urban Forest Ecosystem Research Station, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, 800 Dongchuan Rd., Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Lan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Engineering Center of Environmental Diagnosis and Contamination Remediation, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China.
| | - Jingchun Tang
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Engineering Center of Environmental Diagnosis and Contamination Remediation, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China.
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33
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Monteiro SS, Rocha-Santos T, Prata JC, Duarte AC, Girão AV, Lopes P, Cristovão T, da Costa JP. A straightforward method for microplastic extraction from organic-rich freshwater samples. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 815:152941. [PMID: 35007581 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.152941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The extraction of microplastics from organic-rich freshwater samples is challenging and limited information is available in the literature. This study aims at developing efficient methods for water volume reduction and organic matter removal in freshwater samples, while focusing on the reduction of the economic and environmental costs, maintaining microplastics integrity and avoiding contamination. For the water volume reduction approach, centrifuging freshwater samples (water, sediment, algae, leaves, driftwood, fish tissue) at different speeds (3500, 6000 rpm) and times (5, 10 min) showed that 3500 rpm for 5 min was efficient to settle the mineral and organic material, while preserving the polymers and showing high microplastic recovering rates (93 ± 6%). These recovery rates were significantly higher than the traditional sieving approach (77 ± 22%). The posterior minimal consumption of reagents resulting from the reduction of water volume helped to reduce the economic and environmental costs of the devised methodology, becoming more aligned with green chemistry principles. For biogenic organic matter removal, four digestion solutions were tested on freshwater samples, namely 10% potassium hydroxide, Fenton reagent (30% H2O2 + Fe(II)), 7% and 10% sodium hypochlorite (NaClO), under 3 periods of time (1, 6 and 15 h), at 50 °C. Both 7% and 10% NaClO showed the highest rates of organic matter removal (86 ± 1% and 90 ± 1%, respectively), after 6 h at 50 °C. Exposure of virgin and aged polymers (polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene, polyvinyl chloride, nylon, polyethylene terephthalate) to NaClO showed no weight, visual, surface structure, Fourier transform infrared spectra and carbonyl index changes, except for nylon, although not to an extent that affected its identification. This method resulted in high recovery rates of polymers (92 ± 6%). Thus, 7% NaClO at 50 °C for 6 h (or overnight) may be efficiently used for microplastic analysis in organic-rich freshwater samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia S Monteiro
- CESAM and Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Teresa Rocha-Santos
- CESAM and Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Joana C Prata
- CESAM and Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Armando C Duarte
- CESAM and Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Ana Violeta Girão
- CICECO and Department of Materials and Ceramic Engineering, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | | | | | - João Pinto da Costa
- CESAM and Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
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34
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Microplastic Extraction from the Sediment Using Potassium Formate Water Solution (H2O/KCOOH). MINERALS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/min12020269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) are considered an important stratigraphic indicator, or ‘technofossils’, of the Anthropocene. Research on MP abundance in the environment has gained much attention but the lack of a standardized procedure has hindered the comparability of the results. The development of an effective and efficient method of MP extraction from the matrix is crucial for the proper identification and quantifying analysis of MPs in environmental samples. The procedures of density separation used currently have various limitations: high cost of reagents, limited solution density range, hazardous reagents, or a combination of the above. In this research, a procedure based on density separation with the use of potassium formate water solution (H2O/KCOOH) in controlled conditions was performed. Experimental sediment mixtures, spiked with polyethylene (PE), polystyrene (PS), polyurethane (PUR) and polyethylene terephthalate (PET) particles were prepared and an extraction procedure was tested in the context of a weight-based quantitative analysis of MPs. This article discusses the effectiveness and safety of the method. It additionally provides new information on the interactions between MP particles and the mineral matter of the sediment. Results were acquired with the use of instrumental methods, namely thermogravimetry (TG), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, Field Emission Scanning Electron microscopy and Energy Dispersive spectrometry (SEM/EDS), as well as X-ray fluorescence (XRF) analysis.
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35
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Dos Santos Galvão L, Fernandes EMS, Ferreira RR, Dos Santos Rosa D, Wiebeck H. Critical steps for microplastics characterization from the atmosphere. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 424:127668. [PMID: 34775309 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The microplastics found in many environments, whether in atmospheric, terrestrial, aquatic marine, or freshwater systems, result from exaggerated consumption of plastics. These, when discarded incorrectly, persist in the environment, and degrade into many forms. Researchers have studied microplastics using many collection and characterization methodologies, yet often obtaining divergent results for the same environments. This study presents a bibliographic review of sampling and characterization methodologies for nano and microplastics in the atmospheric environment. Part I of this review presents sampling types and pre-treatment microplastics found in the air to elucidate the principal means of separating plastic species with consequent polymer identification. In Part II, Infrared and Raman Spectroscopy techniques are evaluated for their precision in microplastic identification. The study demonstrates by a systematic revision that depending on the MPs origin, certain characterization techniques are more appropriate. Considering the direct influence of sample impurities, sample pre-treatment is a critical step for correct chemical identification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana Dos Santos Galvão
- Department of Metallurgical Engineering and Materials, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Laboratory of Chemistry and Manufactured Goods - Institute for Technological Research (IPT), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Emília Mori Sarti Fernandes
- Center for Engineering, Modeling, and Applied Social Sciences (CECS), Federal University of ABC (UFABC), Santo André, Brazil
| | - Rafaela Reis Ferreira
- Center for Engineering, Modeling, and Applied Social Sciences (CECS), Federal University of ABC (UFABC), Santo André, Brazil
| | - Derval Dos Santos Rosa
- Center for Engineering, Modeling, and Applied Social Sciences (CECS), Federal University of ABC (UFABC), Santo André, Brazil.
| | - Hélio Wiebeck
- Laboratory of Chemistry and Manufactured Goods - Institute for Technological Research (IPT), São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Center for Engineering, Modeling, and Applied Social Sciences (CECS), Federal University of ABC (UFABC), Santo André, Brazil.
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36
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Shruti VC, Pérez-Guevara F, Roy PD, Kutralam-Muniasamy G. Analyzing microplastics with Nile Red: Emerging trends, challenges, and prospects. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 423:127171. [PMID: 34537648 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The development and applications of effective analytical techniques for identification and quantification of microplastics in diverse spheres are increasing in the scientific arena. Nile Red (NR) staining has progressed as a low-cost, simple-to-use approach for analyzing the environmental impact of a wide spectrum of microplastics (e.g., ≥ 3 µm - ≤ 5 mm; polyethylene, polypropylene, and polyvinyl chloride etc.). Given the recent surge of research into this methodology, it is critical to examine the findings and present future directions. Herein, we review accomplishments to date of the current protocols describing the sample preparation, staining and fluorescence conditions, contamination measures, and data analysis based on 56 field observations focusing on microplastic pollution and NR staining technique. Additionally, we discuss the challenges in current analyses towards standardization and recommendations related to it. Finally, we conclude that, despite methodological discrepancies, the NR method has emerged as a viable standalone substitute for visual identification; yet not all that fluoresce with NR are microplastics, which necessitates extensive sample preparation or additional spectroscopy techniques for chemical analysis to validate the results. This article informs the reader about how the NR technique is advancing microplastic research and identifies current needs for future advancements.
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Affiliation(s)
- V C Shruti
- Instituto de Geología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad Universitaria, Del. Coyoacán, C.P. 04510, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Fermín Pérez-Guevara
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, Mexico; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology Program, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Priyadarsi D Roy
- Instituto de Geología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad Universitaria, Del. Coyoacán, C.P. 04510, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Gurusamy Kutralam-Muniasamy
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
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37
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Song X, Wu X, Song X, Zhang Z. Oil extraction following digestion to separate microplastics from mussels. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 289:133187. [PMID: 34890625 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.133187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Mussels are often used as biological indicators for monitoring marine microplastic pollution. The crucial procedure during monitoring is the separation of microplastics from mussel samples. We investigated the separation efficiencies of six combinations of two digestion solutions (10% KOH and 30% H2O2) and three extraction solutions (NaCl, oil in H2O, and oil in NaCl) for mussels with low- and high-density microplastics. After KOH digestion, no polyethylene terephthalate (PET) could be extracted using the three extraction solutions, which might be due to the degradation of PET. After H2O2 digestion, the total extraction recovery rates of polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride, and PET for oil in H2O and oil in NaCl solution ranged from 95.6% ± 5.09%-100%, which were higher than those of the saturated NaCl solution (51.1% ± 17.1%-67.8% ± 13.9%). The first extraction recovery rates of oil in NaCl solution for PP, PET, and PVC were higher than those of oil in H2O. In this study, extraction by oil in NaCl solution after 30% H2O2 digestion was suggested to separate microplastics from mussels. This method is conducive to promoting the standardization of microplastic monitoring in mussels and might be suitable for large-scale monitoring of marine microplastic pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Song
- Center for Environmental Metrology, National Institute of Metrology PR China, PR China
| | - Xiaofeng Wu
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Quality Control in Environmental Monitoring, China National Environmental Monitoring Center, PR China
| | - Xiaoping Song
- Center for Environmental Metrology, National Institute of Metrology PR China, PR China
| | - Zhengdong Zhang
- Center for Environmental Metrology, National Institute of Metrology PR China, PR China.
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Duong TT, Le PT, Nguyen TNH, Hoang TQ, Ngo HM, Doan TO, Le TPQ, Bui HT, Bui MH, Trinh VT, Nguyen TL, Da Le N, Vu TM, Tran TKC, Ho TC, Phuong NN, Strady E. Selection of a density separation solution to study microplastics in tropical riverine sediment. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2022; 194:65. [PMID: 34993616 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-021-09664-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) are small (< 5 mm) plastic particles that are widely found in marine, freshwater, terrestrial and atmospheric environments. Due to their prevalence and persistence, MPs are considered an emerging contaminant of environmental concern. The separation and quantitation of MPs from freshwater sediments is a challenging and critical issue. It is necessary to identify the fate and sources of MPs in the environment, minimise their release and adverse effects. Compared to marine sediments, standardised methods for extracting and estimating the amount of MPs in freshwater sediments are relatively limited. The present study focuses on MP recovery efficiency of four commonly used salt solutions (NaCl, NaI, CaCl2 and ZnCl2) for isolating MPs during the density separation step from freshwater sediment. Known combinations of artificial MP particles (PS, PE, PVC, PET, PP and HDPE) were spiked into standard river sediment. Extraction using NaI, ZnCl2 and NaCl solutions resulted in higher recovery rates from 37 to 97% compared to the CaCl2 solution (28-83%) and varied between polymer types. Low-density MPs (PE, HDPE, PP and PS) were more effectively recovered (> 87%) than the denser polymers (PET and PVC: 37 to 88.8%) using NaCl, NaI and ZnCl2 solutions. However, the effective flotation of ZnCl2 and NaI solutions is relatively expensive and unsafe to the environment, especially in the context of developing countries. Therefore, considering the efficiency, cost and environmental criteria, NaCl solution was selected. The protocol was then tested by extracting MPs from nine riverine sediment samples from the Red River Delta. Sediments collected from urban rivers were highly polluted by MPs (26,000 MPs items·kg-1 DW) compared to sediments located downstream. Using a NaCl solution was found to be effective in this case study and might also be used in long-term and large-scale MP monitoring programmes in Vietnam.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thi Thuy Duong
- Institute of Environmental Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Road, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam.
- Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Road, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam.
| | - Phuong Thu Le
- University of Science and Technology of Hanoi, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Thi Nhu Huong Nguyen
- Institute of Environmental Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Road, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Thi Quynh Hoang
- Institute of Environmental Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Road, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Ha My Ngo
- University of Science and Technology of Hanoi, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Thi Oanh Doan
- Faculty of Environment, Hanoi University of Natural Resources and Environment, No 41A, Phu Dien Street, Bac Tu Liem, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Thi Phuong Quynh Le
- Institute of Natural Product Chemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Road, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Huyen Thuong Bui
- University of Science and Technology of Hanoi, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Manh Ha Bui
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Saigon University, 273 An Duong Vuong Street, District 5, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Van Tuyen Trinh
- Institute of Environmental Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Road, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Thuy Lien Nguyen
- VNU University of Science, Vietnam National University, Thanh Xuan, 334 Nguyen Trai street, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Nhu Da Le
- Institute of Natural Product Chemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Road, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Thanh Mai Vu
- Institute of Materials Science, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Thi Kim Chi Tran
- Institute of Materials Science, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Tu Cuong Ho
- Institute of Environmental Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Road, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Ngoc Nam Phuong
- PhuTho College of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hung Vuong Boulevard, 2201, Viet Tri City, Phu Tho Province, Vietnam
| | - Emilie Strady
- Aix Marseille Univ, Université de Toulon, CNRS, IRD, MIO, Marseille, France
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Shi X, Zhang X, Gao W, Zhang Y, He D. Removal of microplastics from water by magnetic nano-Fe 3O 4. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 802:149838. [PMID: 34454156 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) have been widely detected in aquatic environments, and become emerging contaminants of growing concern. It is urgently needed to explore how to effectively remove MPs from water. This study first established an alternative method of removing MPs by magnetic nano-Fe3O4. Results showed that 1.3 g·L-1 nano-Fe3O4 and 150 min treatments caused optimal magnetization of MPs via surface absorption. Then, magnetized MPs in water can be conveniently removed by suction of the magnet. The average removal rate of four common types of MPs including polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene and polyethylene terephthalate in size of approximately 200-900 μm was 86.87 ± 6.92%, 85.05 ± 4.70%, 86.11 ± 6.21%, and 62.83 ± 8.34%, respectively. The removal rate varied among polymer- and size-different MPs, and was positively related to the density of nano-Fe3O4 absorbed on MP surfaces. In addition, the removal rate of MPs in artificial seawater was relatively high in comparison to pure water. Furthermore, the established approach was effectively applied to remove MPs in environmental water bodies including river water, domestic sewage, and natural seawater, with the removal rate of higher than 80%. Altogether, this study provided a novel and simple removal approach to remove MPs in water, which has a certain application prospect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiahong Shi
- School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Xiaoting Zhang
- School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Wei Gao
- School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Biotransformation of Organic Solid Waste, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Yalin Zhang
- School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Defu He
- School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Biotransformation of Organic Solid Waste, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China.
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40
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Shi W, Cui T, Wu H, LeBlanc GA, Wang F, An L. A proposed nomenclature for microplastic contaminants. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2021; 172:112960. [PMID: 34706478 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.112960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics are emerging contaminants with a wide environmental distribution and potential to elicit adverse impacts on organisms. Despite this lack of consistency among reports, data obtained from different investigations are often compared, resulting in the potential for misrepresentation of global microplastic contamination. Major interlaboratory variability in quantification of microplastic levels stem from size-related differences in sampling and analysis with different density solutions to separate microplastics. Herein, we propose a nomenclature that provides key information relating to the microplastics abundance in samples. That is, the proposed nomenclature, MPsca, b, informs on mesh or filter size used in sampling, the density of flotation solution used to separate the microplastics, and the detection limit during the analysis progress of microplastics. This proposed nomenclature would facilitate comparisons among studies to avoid over- or under-estimation of global microplastic levels. Moreover, it would also facilitate the interpretation of meta-data in future assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenzhuo Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Tiefeng Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Haiwen Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Gerald A LeBlanc
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
| | - Feifei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China.
| | - Lihui An
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China.
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Constant M, Billon G, Breton N, Alary C. Extraction of microplastics from sediment matrices: Experimental comparative analysis. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 420:126571. [PMID: 34265648 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics are small (<5 mm) fragments of plastic debris that are ubiquitous in oceans and terrestrial ecosystems. Studies on microplastics in sediment and soil matrices are particularly challenging because of the need to separate the plastics from the sediments. We investigated the efficiencies of 18 combinations of six extracting solutions (ESs) (oil, water, oil-in-water, NaCl, oil-in-NaCl, and NaI) and three isolation methods (IMs) (hand stirring, centrifugation, and aeration) for fine and coarse sediments, with low and high density polymers. IMs did not affect the extraction efficiency. Except in case of oil, all ESs enabled good extraction (84 ± 17%) of light polymers (PE and PE-ABS). NaI presented the best extraction efficiency (71 ± 17%) for the densest polymers (PET, PES, and PA). For these ESs, fibers were extracted at a lower efficiency than pellets and fragments, and sediment gran size did not affect the extraction. For other ESs, mean extraction rates ranged from 5% to 48%. Overall, the extraction efficiencies were lower than those found in the literature, despite repeating the separation process three times. The collection of floating materials remained a problem, as plastics tended to adhere to the glass wall. Our work will help the comparability between previous and future monitoring results and the selection of the most suitable protocols for future studies. This work clearly demonstrates also that there is no robust protocol for extracting all types and forms of microplastics from fine sediments and that research efforts to arrive at a reliable method remain by taking account the interaction of MPs with other particles as well as the electrostatic properties of MP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mel Constant
- Univ. Lille, Institut Mines-Télécom, Univ. Artois, Junia, ULR 4515 - LGCgE, Laboratoire de Génie Civil et géo-Environnement, F-59000 Lille, France.
| | - Gabriel Billon
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8516 - LASIRE, Laboratoire Avancé de Spectroscopie pour les Interactions, la Réactivité et l'Environnement, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Noémie Breton
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8516 - LASIRE, Laboratoire Avancé de Spectroscopie pour les Interactions, la Réactivité et l'Environnement, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Claire Alary
- Univ. Lille, Institut Mines-Télécom, Univ. Artois, Junia, ULR 4515 - LGCgE, Laboratoire de Génie Civil et géo-Environnement, F-59000 Lille, France
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Halfar J, Brožová K, Čabanová K, Heviánková S, Kašpárková A, Olšovská E. Disparities in Methods Used to Determine Microplastics in the Aquatic Environment: A Review of Legislation, Sampling Process and Instrumental Analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18147608. [PMID: 34300059 PMCID: PMC8304247 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18147608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Plastic particles smaller than 5 mm, i.e., microplastics, have been detected in a number of environments. The number of studies on microplastics in marine environments, fresh water, wastewater, the atmosphere, and the human body are increasing along with a rise in the amounts of plastic materials introduced into the environment every year, all contributing to a range of health and environmental issues. Although the use of primary microplastics has been gradually reduced by recent legislation in many countries, new knowledge and data on these problems are needed to understand the overall lifecycle of secondary microplastics in particular. The aim of this review is to provide unified information on the pathways of microplastics into the environment, their degradation, and related legislation, with a special focus on the methods of their sampling, determination, and instrumental analysis. To deal with the health and environmental issues associated with the abundance of microplastics in the environment, researchers should focus on agreeing on a uniform methodology to determine the gravity of the problem through obtaining comparable data, thus leading to new and stricter legislation enforcing more sustainable plastic production and recycling, and hopefully contributing to reversing the trend of high amounts of microplastics worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Halfar
- Faculty of Mining and Geology, VŠB-Technical University of Ostrava, 17. listopadu 15/2172, 708 00 Ostrava, Czech Republic; (K.B.); (K.Č.); (S.H.); (A.K.)
- Centre for Advanced and Innovative Technologies, VŠB-Technical University of Ostrava, 17. listopadu 15/2172, 708 00 Ostrava, Czech Republic;
- Correspondence:
| | - Kateřina Brožová
- Faculty of Mining and Geology, VŠB-Technical University of Ostrava, 17. listopadu 15/2172, 708 00 Ostrava, Czech Republic; (K.B.); (K.Č.); (S.H.); (A.K.)
| | - Kristina Čabanová
- Faculty of Mining and Geology, VŠB-Technical University of Ostrava, 17. listopadu 15/2172, 708 00 Ostrava, Czech Republic; (K.B.); (K.Č.); (S.H.); (A.K.)
- Centre for Advanced and Innovative Technologies, VŠB-Technical University of Ostrava, 17. listopadu 15/2172, 708 00 Ostrava, Czech Republic;
| | - Silvie Heviánková
- Faculty of Mining and Geology, VŠB-Technical University of Ostrava, 17. listopadu 15/2172, 708 00 Ostrava, Czech Republic; (K.B.); (K.Č.); (S.H.); (A.K.)
| | - Alena Kašpárková
- Faculty of Mining and Geology, VŠB-Technical University of Ostrava, 17. listopadu 15/2172, 708 00 Ostrava, Czech Republic; (K.B.); (K.Č.); (S.H.); (A.K.)
| | - Eva Olšovská
- Centre for Advanced and Innovative Technologies, VŠB-Technical University of Ostrava, 17. listopadu 15/2172, 708 00 Ostrava, Czech Republic;
- Nanotechnology Centre, CEET, VŠB–Technical University of Ostrava, 17. listopadu 15/2172, 708 00 Ostrava, Czech Republic
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Commercial Gilthead Seabream ( Sparus aurata L.) from the Mar Menor Coastal Lagoon as Hotspots of Microplastic Accumulation in the Digestive System. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18136844. [PMID: 34202236 PMCID: PMC8297190 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18136844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
This paper presents the results on the presence and characterization of microplastics (MP) in the gastrointestinal tract of gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata L.), a species of commercial interest from the Mar Menor coastal lagoon in Southeast Spain. This is the first time that microplastic ingestion is recorded in any species from this semi-enclosed bay. Stomach and intestine from a total of 17 specimens captured by local fishermen were processed, and microplastic particles and fibers found in all of them were displayed. Overall, 40.32% (279/692) of total isolated microparticles proved to be microplastics; i.e., <5 mm, as identified by FTIR spectroscopy. The average value by fish was 20.11 ± 2.94 MP kg-1, corresponding to average concentrations of 3912.06 ± 791.24 and 1562.17 ± 402.04 MP by kg stomach and intestine, respectively. Four MP forms were isolated: fiber (71.68%), fragment (21.15%), film (6.81%), and microbead (0.36%), with sizes ranging from 91 µm to 5 mm, an average of 0.83 ± 0.04 mm, and no statistically significant differences between mean sizes in stomach and intestine samples (F-test = 0.004; p = 0.936). Nine polymer types were detected, although most of fibers remained unidentified because of their small size, the presence of polymer additives, or closely adhered pollutants despite the oxidizing digestion carried out to eliminate organic matter. No significant correlation was found between main biological parameters and ingested microplastics, and high-density polyethylene (HDPE), low-density polyethylene (LDPE), polyethylene polypropylene (PEP), and polyvinyl (PV) were identified as the most abundant polymers. The average microplastic ingestion in this study area was higher than those reported in most studies within the Mediterranean Sea, and closely related to microplastic pollution in the surrounding area, although with a predominance of fiber form mainly due to fishery activities.
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Assessment of Microplastics in a Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plant with Tertiary Treatment: Removal Efficiencies and Loading per Day into the Environment. WATER 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/w13101339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
This study investigates the removal of microplastics from wastewater in an urban wastewater treatment plant located in Southeast Spain, including an oxidation ditch, rapid sand filtration, and ultraviolet disinfection. A total of 146.73 L of wastewater samples from influent and effluent were processed, following a density separation methodology, visual classification under a stereomicroscope, and FTIR analysis for polymer identification. Microplastics proved to be 72.41% of total microparticles collected, with a global removal rate of 64.26% after the tertiary treatment and within the average retention for European WWTPs. Three different shapes were identified: i.e., microfiber (79.65%), film (11.26%), and fragment (9.09%), without the identification of microbeads despite the proximity to a plastic compounding factory. Fibers were less efficiently removed (56.16%) than particulate microplastics (90.03%), suggesting that tertiary treatments clearly discriminate between forms, and reporting a daily emission of 1.6 × 107 microplastics to the environment. Year variability in microplastic burden was cushioned at the effluent, reporting a stable performance of the sewage plant. Eight different polymer families were identified, LDPE film being the most abundant form, with 10 different colors and sizes mainly between 1–2 mm. Future efforts should be dedicated to source control, plastic waste management, improvement of legislation, and specific microplastic-targeted treatment units, especially for microfiber removal.
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Im J, Goo T, Kim J, Choi S, Hong SJ, Bahk YM. Detection of Microplastic in Salts Using Terahertz Time-Domain Spectroscopy. SENSORS 2021; 21:s21093161. [PMID: 34063265 PMCID: PMC8125003 DOI: 10.3390/s21093161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We report on a prototypical study of the detection of microplastic embedded in table salts by using terahertz time-domain spectroscopy. In the experiment, high-density polyethylene (HDPE) of sizes from 150 to 400 μm are used as a representative microplastic and mixed with table salts. Analyzing terahertz transmittance with an effective medium model, we extract various optical properties such as refractive index, absorption coefficient, and real/imaginary parts of the dielectric constant of the mixture. Consequently, the optical properties exhibit volume-ratio-dependence in 0.1-0.5 THz regimes. Especially, the refractive index and the real part of the dielectric constant possess monotonic frequency dependence, meaning that the quantities can be relevant indicators for the detection of the microplastic in terms of practical applications. Our work proves that terahertz time-domain spectroscopy can pave a way to recognize microplastic mixed with salts and be expanded for detecting various micro-sized particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaeseung Im
- Department of Physics, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Korea; (J.I.); (T.G.); (J.K.); (S.C.)
| | - Taewon Goo
- Department of Physics, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Korea; (J.I.); (T.G.); (J.K.); (S.C.)
| | - Jugyoung Kim
- Department of Physics, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Korea; (J.I.); (T.G.); (J.K.); (S.C.)
| | - Soobong Choi
- Department of Physics, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Korea; (J.I.); (T.G.); (J.K.); (S.C.)
| | - Sung Ju Hong
- Division of Science Education, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
- Correspondence: (S.J.H.); (Y.-M.B.); Tel.: +82-33-250-6735 (S.J.H.); +82-32-835-8223 (Y.-M.B.)
| | - Young-Mi Bahk
- Department of Physics, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Korea; (J.I.); (T.G.); (J.K.); (S.C.)
- Correspondence: (S.J.H.); (Y.-M.B.); Tel.: +82-33-250-6735 (S.J.H.); +82-32-835-8223 (Y.-M.B.)
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