1
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Vasyagin EA, Zykova AA, Mardanova ES, Nikitin NA, Shuklina MA, Ozhereleva OO, Stepanova LA, Tsybalova LM, Blokhina EA, Ravin NV. Influenza A Vaccine Candidates Based on Virus-like Particles Formed by Coat Proteins of Single-Stranded RNA Phages Beihai32 and PQ465. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:1033. [PMID: 39340063 PMCID: PMC11435553 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12091033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2024] [Revised: 08/30/2024] [Accepted: 09/06/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Efficient control of influenza A infection can potentially be achieved through the development of broad-spectrum recombinant vaccines based on conserved antigens. The extracellular domain of the transmembrane protein M2 of influenza A virus (M2e) is highly conserved but poorly immunogenic and needs to be fused to an adjuvant protein or carrier virus-like particles (VLPs) to increase immunogenicity and provide protection against infection. In this study, we obtained VLPs based on capsid proteins (CPs) of single-stranded RNA phages Beihai32 and PQ465 bearing the M2e peptides. Four copies of the M2e peptide were linked to the C-terminus of the CP of phage Beihai32 and to the N and C termini of the CP of phage PQ465. The hybrid proteins, being expressed in Escherichia coli, formed spherical VLPs of about 30 nm in size. Immunogold transmission electron microscopy showed that VLPs formed by the phage PQ465 CP with a C-terminal M2e fusion present the M2e peptide on the surface. Subcutaneous immunization of mice with VLPs formed by both CPs containing four copies of the M2e peptide at the C termini induced high levels of M2e-specific IgG antibodies in serum and provided mice with protection against lethal influenza A virus challenge. In the case of an N-terminal fusion of M2e with the phage PQ465 CP, the immune response against M2e was significantly lower. CPs of phages Beihai32 and PQ465, containing four copies of the M2e peptide at their C termini, can be used to develop recombinant influenza A vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Egor A Vasyagin
- Institute of Bioengineering, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 119071 Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna A Zykova
- Institute of Bioengineering, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 119071 Moscow, Russia
| | - Eugenia S Mardanova
- Institute of Bioengineering, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 119071 Moscow, Russia
| | - Nikolai A Nikitin
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Marina A Shuklina
- Smorodintsev Research Institute of Influenza, Russian Ministry of Health, 197376 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Olga O Ozhereleva
- Smorodintsev Research Institute of Influenza, Russian Ministry of Health, 197376 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Liudmila A Stepanova
- Smorodintsev Research Institute of Influenza, Russian Ministry of Health, 197376 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Liudmila M Tsybalova
- Smorodintsev Research Institute of Influenza, Russian Ministry of Health, 197376 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Elena A Blokhina
- Institute of Bioengineering, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 119071 Moscow, Russia
| | - Nikolai V Ravin
- Institute of Bioengineering, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 119071 Moscow, Russia
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2
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Rothen DA, Dutta SK, Krenger PS, Vogt ACS, Lieknina I, Sobczak JM, Osterhaus ADME, Mohsen MO, Vogel M, Martina B, Tars K, Bachmann MF. Preclinical Evaluation of Novel Sterically Optimized VLP-Based Vaccines against All Four DENV Serotypes. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:874. [PMID: 39204000 PMCID: PMC11359203 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12080874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2024] [Revised: 07/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Over the past few decades, dengue fever has emerged as a significant global health threat, affecting tropical and moderate climate regions. Current vaccines have practical limitations, there is a strong need for safer, more effective options. This study introduces novel vaccine candidates covering all four dengue virus (DENV) serotypes using virus-like particles (VLPs), a proven vaccine platform. The dengue virus envelope protein domain III (EDIII), the primary target of DENV-neutralizing antibodies, was either genetically fused or chemically coupled to bacteriophage-derived AP205-VLPs. To facilitate the incorporation of the large EDIII domain, AP205 monomers were dimerized, resulting in sterically optimized VLPs with 90 N- and C-termini. These vaccines induced high-affinity/avidity antibody titers in mice, and confirmed their protective potential by neutralizing different DENV serotypes in vitro. Administration of a tetravalent vaccine induced high neutralizing titers against all four serotypes without producing enhancing antibodies, at least not against DENV2. In conclusion, the vaccine candidates, especially when administered in a combined fashion, exhibit intriguing properties for potential use in the field, and exploring the possibility of conducting a preclinical challenge model to verify protection would be a logical next step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik A. Rothen
- Department of BioMedical Research, University of Bern, 3008 Bern, Switzerland (M.F.B.)
- Department of Immunology RIA, University Hospital Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
- Graduate School of Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Pascal S. Krenger
- Department of BioMedical Research, University of Bern, 3008 Bern, Switzerland (M.F.B.)
- Department of Immunology RIA, University Hospital Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
- Graduate School of Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Anne-Cathrine S. Vogt
- Department of BioMedical Research, University of Bern, 3008 Bern, Switzerland (M.F.B.)
- Department of Immunology RIA, University Hospital Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
- Graduate School of Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Ilva Lieknina
- Latvian Biomedical Research & Study Centre, Ratsupites iela 1, LV 1067 Riga, Latvia
| | - Jan M. Sobczak
- Department of BioMedical Research, University of Bern, 3008 Bern, Switzerland (M.F.B.)
- Department of Immunology RIA, University Hospital Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
- Graduate School of Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Albert D. M. E. Osterhaus
- Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30559 Hannover, Germany
| | - Mona O. Mohsen
- Department of BioMedical Research, University of Bern, 3008 Bern, Switzerland (M.F.B.)
- Department of Immunology RIA, University Hospital Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Monique Vogel
- Department of BioMedical Research, University of Bern, 3008 Bern, Switzerland (M.F.B.)
- Department of Immunology RIA, University Hospital Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Kaspars Tars
- Latvian Biomedical Research & Study Centre, Ratsupites iela 1, LV 1067 Riga, Latvia
| | - Martin F. Bachmann
- Department of BioMedical Research, University of Bern, 3008 Bern, Switzerland (M.F.B.)
- Department of Immunology RIA, University Hospital Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
- Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
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3
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Björnsson KH, Bassi MR, Knudsen AS, Aves KL, Morella Roig È, Sander AF, Barfod L. Leveraging Immunofocusing and Virus-like Particle Display to Enhance Antibody Responses to the Malaria Blood-Stage Invasion Complex Antigen PfCyRPA. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:859. [PMID: 39203985 PMCID: PMC11359962 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12080859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2024] [Revised: 07/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/27/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024] Open
Abstract
A vaccine protecting against malaria caused by Plasmodium falciparum is urgently needed. The blood-stage invasion complex PCRCR consists of the five malarial proteins PfPTRAMP, PfCSS, PfRipr, PfCyRPA, and PfRH5. As each subcomponent represents an essential and highly conserved antigen, PCRCR is considered a promising vaccine target. Furthermore, antibodies targeting the complex can block red blood cell invasion by the malaria parasite. However, extremely high titers of neutralizing antibodies are needed for this invasion-blocking effect, and a vaccine based on soluble PfRH5 protein has proven insufficient in inducing a protective response in a clinical trial. Here, we present the results of two approaches to increase the neutralizing antibody titers: (A) immunofocusing and (B) increasing the immunogenicity of the antigen via multivalent display on capsid virus-like particles (cVLPs). The immunofocusing strategies included vaccinating with peptides capable of binding the invasion-blocking anti-PfCyRPA monoclonal antibody CyP1.9, as well as removing non-neutralizing epitopes of PfCyRPA through truncation. Vaccination with PfCyRPA coupled to the AP205 cVLP induced nearly two-fold higher IgG responses compared to vaccinating with soluble PfCyRPA protein. Immunofocusing using a linear peptide greatly increased the neutralizing capacity of the anti-PfCyRPA antibodies. However, significantly lower total anti-PfCyRPA titers were achieved using this strategy. Our results underline the potential of a cVLP-based malaria vaccine including full-length PfCyRPA, which could be combined with other leading malaria vaccine antigens presented on cVLPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasper H. Björnsson
- Centre for translational Medicine and Parasitology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology (ISIM), Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; (K.H.B.); (M.R.B.); (A.F.S.)
| | - Maria R. Bassi
- Centre for translational Medicine and Parasitology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology (ISIM), Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; (K.H.B.); (M.R.B.); (A.F.S.)
| | - Anne S. Knudsen
- Centre for translational Medicine and Parasitology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology (ISIM), Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; (K.H.B.); (M.R.B.); (A.F.S.)
| | - Kara-Lee Aves
- Centre for translational Medicine and Parasitology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology (ISIM), Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; (K.H.B.); (M.R.B.); (A.F.S.)
| | - Èlia Morella Roig
- Centre for translational Medicine and Parasitology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology (ISIM), Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; (K.H.B.); (M.R.B.); (A.F.S.)
| | - Adam F. Sander
- Centre for translational Medicine and Parasitology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology (ISIM), Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; (K.H.B.); (M.R.B.); (A.F.S.)
- AdaptVac, Ole Maaløes Vej 3, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lea Barfod
- Centre for translational Medicine and Parasitology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology (ISIM), Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; (K.H.B.); (M.R.B.); (A.F.S.)
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4
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Li Y, Tian S, Ai Y, Hu Z, Ma C, Fu M, Xu Z, Li Y, Liu S, Zou Y, Zhou Y, Jin J. A nanoparticle vaccine displaying varicella-zoster virus gE antigen induces a superior cellular immune response than a licensed vaccine in mice and non-human primates. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1419634. [PMID: 39081325 PMCID: PMC11286566 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1419634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Herpes zoster (HZ), also known as shingles, remains a significant global health issue and most commonly seen in elderly individuals with an early exposure history to varicella-zoster virus (VZV). Currently, the licensed vaccine Shingrix, which comprises a recombinant VZV glycoprotein E (gE) formulated with a potent adjuvant AS01B, is the most effective shingles vaccine on the market. However, undesired reactogenicity and increasing global demand causing vaccine shortage, prompting the development of novel shingles vaccines. Here, we developed novel vaccine candidates utilising multiple nanoparticle (NP) platforms to display the recombinant gE antigen, formulated in an MF59-biosimilar adjuvant. In naïve mice, all tested NP vaccines induced higher humoral and cellular immune responses than Shingrix, among which, the gEM candidate induced the highest cellular response. In live attenuated VZV (VZV LAV)-primed mouse and rhesus macaque models, the gEM candidate elicited superior cell-mediated immunity (CMI) over Shingrix. Collectively, we demonstrated that NP technology remains a suitable tool for developing shingles vaccine, and the reported gEM construct is a highly promising candidate in the next-generation shingles vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jing Jin
- Patronus Biotech Co. Ltd., Guangzhou, China
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5
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Hao X, Yuan F, Yao X. Advances in virus-like particle-based SARS-CoV-2 vaccines. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 14:1406091. [PMID: 38988812 PMCID: PMC11233461 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1406091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has incurred devastating human and economic losses. Vaccination remains the most effective approach for controlling the COVID-19 pandemic. Nonetheless, the sustained evolution of SARS-CoV-2 variants has provoked concerns among the scientific community regarding the development of next-generation COVID-19 vaccines. Among these, given their safety, immunogenicity, and flexibility to display varied and native epitopes, virus-like particle (VLP)-based vaccines represent one of the most promising next-generation vaccines. In this review, we summarize the advantages and characteristics of VLP platforms, strategies for antigen display, and current clinical trial progress of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines based on VLP platforms. Importantly, the experience and lessons learned from the development of SARS-CoV-2 VLP vaccines provide insights into the development of strategies based on VLP vaccines to prevent future coronavirus pandemics and other epidemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoting Hao
- Department of Teaching Administration, Xiangyang No.1 People’s Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Xiangyang, China
| | - Feifei Yuan
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Xiangyang No.1 People’s Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Xiangyang, China
| | - Xuan Yao
- Department of Neurology, Xiangyang No.1 People’s Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Xiangyang, China
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6
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Kang H, Martinez MR, Aves KL, Okholm AK, Wan H, Chabot S, Malik T, Sander AF, Daniels R. Capsid virus-like particle display improves recombinant influenza neuraminidase antigen stability and immunogenicity in mice. iScience 2024; 27:110038. [PMID: 38883830 PMCID: PMC11179578 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.110038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Supplementing influenza vaccines with additional protective antigens such as neuraminidase (NA) is a promising strategy for increasing the breadth of the immune response. Here, we improved the immunogenicity and stability of secreted recombinant NA (rNA) tetramers by covalently conjugating them onto the surface of AP205 capsid virus-like particles (cVLPs) using a Tag/Catcher ligation system. cVLP display increased the induction of IgG2a subclass anti-NA antibodies, which exhibited cross-reactivity with an antigenically distant homologous NA. It also reduced the single dose rNA amounts needed for protection against viral challenge in mice, demonstrating a dose-sparing effect. Moreover, effective cVLP-display was achieved across different NA subtypes, even when the conjugation was performed shortly before administration. Notably, the rNA-cVLP immunogenicity was retained upon mixing or co-administering with commercial vaccines. These results highlight the potential of this approach for bolstering the protective immune responses elicited by influenza vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeog Kang
- Division of Viral Products, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
| | - Mira Rakic Martinez
- Division of Viral Products, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
| | - Kara-Lee Aves
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anna Kathrine Okholm
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Hongquan Wan
- Division of Viral Products, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
| | - Sylvie Chabot
- Division of Viral Products, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
| | - Tahir Malik
- Division of Viral Products, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
| | - Adam F Sander
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
- AdaptVac, Ole Maaløes Vej 3, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Robert Daniels
- Division of Viral Products, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
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7
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Pandey KK, Sahoo BR, Pattnaik AK. Protein Nanoparticles as Vaccine Platforms for Human and Zoonotic Viruses. Viruses 2024; 16:936. [PMID: 38932228 PMCID: PMC11209504 DOI: 10.3390/v16060936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Vaccines are one of the most effective medical interventions, playing a pivotal role in treating infectious diseases. Although traditional vaccines comprise killed, inactivated, or live-attenuated pathogens that have resulted in protective immune responses, the negative consequences of their administration have been well appreciated. Modern vaccines have evolved to contain purified antigenic subunits, epitopes, or antigen-encoding mRNAs, rendering them relatively safe. However, reduced humoral and cellular responses pose major challenges to these subunit vaccines. Protein nanoparticle (PNP)-based vaccines have garnered substantial interest in recent years for their ability to present a repetitive array of antigens for improving immunogenicity and enhancing protective responses. Discovery and characterisation of naturally occurring PNPs from various living organisms such as bacteria, archaea, viruses, insects, and eukaryotes, as well as computationally designed structures and approaches to link antigens to the PNPs, have paved the way for unprecedented advances in the field of vaccine technology. In this review, we focus on some of the widely used naturally occurring and optimally designed PNPs for their suitability as promising vaccine platforms for displaying native-like antigens from human viral pathogens for protective immune responses. Such platforms hold great promise in combating emerging and re-emerging infectious viral diseases and enhancing vaccine efficacy and safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kush K. Pandey
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA; (K.K.P.); (B.R.S.)
- Nebraska Center for Virology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA
| | - Bikash R. Sahoo
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA; (K.K.P.); (B.R.S.)
- Nebraska Center for Virology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA
| | - Asit K. Pattnaik
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA; (K.K.P.); (B.R.S.)
- Nebraska Center for Virology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA
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8
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Meng R, Xing Z, Chang JY, Yu Z, Thongchol J, Xiao W, Wang Y, Chamakura K, Zeng Z, Wang F, Young R, Zeng L, Zhang J. Structural basis of Acinetobacter type IV pili targeting by an RNA virus. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2746. [PMID: 38553443 PMCID: PMC10980823 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47119-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Acinetobacters pose a significant threat to human health, especially those with weakened immune systems. Type IV pili of acinetobacters play crucial roles in virulence and antibiotic resistance. Single-stranded RNA bacteriophages target the bacterial retractile pili, including type IV. Our study delves into the interaction between Acinetobacter phage AP205 and type IV pili. Using cryo-electron microscopy, we solve structures of the AP205 virion with an asymmetric dimer of maturation proteins, the native Acinetobacter type IV pili bearing a distinct post-translational pilin cleavage, and the pili-bound AP205 showing its maturation proteins adapted to pilin modifications, allowing each phage to bind to one or two pili. Leveraging these results, we develop a 20-kilodalton AP205-derived protein scaffold targeting type IV pili in situ, with potential for research and diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Meng
- Center for Phage Technology, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
- Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Zhongliang Xing
- Center for Phage Technology, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Jeng-Yih Chang
- Center for Phage Technology, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
- UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01655, USA
| | - Zihao Yu
- Center for Phage Technology, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Jirapat Thongchol
- Center for Phage Technology, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Wen Xiao
- Center for Phage Technology, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Yuhang Wang
- Center for Phage Technology, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Karthik Chamakura
- Center for Phage Technology, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
- Armata Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Marina del Rey, CA, 90292, USA
| | - Zhiqi Zeng
- Center for Phage Technology, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Fengbin Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Ry Young
- Center for Phage Technology, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Lanying Zeng
- Center for Phage Technology, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Junjie Zhang
- Center for Phage Technology, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA.
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9
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Ali A, Ganguillet S, Turgay Y, Keys TG, Causa E, Fradique R, Lutz-Bueno V, Chesnov S, Tan-Lin CW, Lentsch V, Kotar J, Cicuta P, Mezzenga R, Slack E, Radiom M. Surface Cross-Linking by Macromolecular Tethers Enhances Virus-like Particles' Resilience to Mucosal Stress Factors. ACS NANO 2024; 18:3382-3396. [PMID: 38237058 PMCID: PMC10832050 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c10339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
Virus-like particles (VLPs) are emerging as nanoscaffolds in a variety of biomedical applications including delivery of vaccine antigens and cargo such as mRNA to mucosal surfaces. These soft, colloidal, and proteinaceous structures (capsids) are nevertheless susceptible to mucosal environmental stress factors. We cross-linked multiple capsid surface amino acid residues using homobifunctional polyethylene glycol tethers to improve the persistence and survival of the capsid to model mucosal stressors. Surface cross-linking enhanced the stability of VLPs assembled from Acinetobacter phage AP205 coat proteins in low pH (down to pH 4.0) and high protease concentration conditions (namely, in pig and mouse gastric fluids). Additionally, it increased the stiffness of VLPs under local mechanical indentation applied using an atomic force microscopy cantilever tip. Small angle X-ray scattering revealed an increase in capsid diameter after cross-linking and an increase in capsid shell thickness with the length of the PEG cross-linkers. Moreover, surface cross-linking had no effect on the VLPs' mucus translocation and accumulation on the epithelium of in vitro 3D human nasal epithelial tissues with mucociliary clearance. Finally, it did not compromise VLPs' function as vaccines in mouse subcutaneous vaccination models. Compared to PEGylation without cross-linking, the stiffness of surface cross-linked VLPs were higher for the same length of the PEG molecule, and also the lifetimes of surface cross-linked VLPs were longer in the gastric fluids. Surface cross-linking using macromolecular tethers, but not simple conjugation of these molecules, thus offers a viable means to enhance the resilience and survival of VLPs for mucosal applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Ali
- Department
of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, Zürich 8092, Switzerland
| | - Suwannee Ganguillet
- Department
of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, Zürich 8092, Switzerland
| | - Yagmur Turgay
- Department
of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, Zürich 8092, Switzerland
| | - Timothy G. Keys
- Department
of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, Zürich 8092, Switzerland
| | - Erika Causa
- Biological
and Soft Systems, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, U.K.
| | - Ricardo Fradique
- Biological
and Soft Systems, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, U.K.
| | - Viviane Lutz-Bueno
- Paul
Scherrer Institute (PSI), Villigen 5232, Switzerland
- Laboratoire
Léon Brillouin, CEA-CNRS (UMR-12), CEA Saclay, Université
Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex 91191, France
| | - Serge Chesnov
- Functional
Genomics Centre Zürich (FGCZ), University of Zürich/ETH
Zürich, Zürich 8057, Switzerland
| | - Chia-Wei Tan-Lin
- Functional
Genomics Centre Zürich (FGCZ), University of Zürich/ETH
Zürich, Zürich 8057, Switzerland
| | - Verena Lentsch
- Department
of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, Zürich 8092, Switzerland
| | - Jurij Kotar
- Biological
and Soft Systems, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, U.K.
| | - Pietro Cicuta
- Biological
and Soft Systems, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, U.K.
| | - Raffaele Mezzenga
- Department
of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, Zürich 8092, Switzerland
| | - Emma Slack
- Department
of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, Zürich 8092, Switzerland
| | - Milad Radiom
- Department
of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, Zürich 8092, Switzerland
- Biological
and Soft Systems, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, U.K.
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10
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Thongchol J, Zhang J. Purification of Single-Stranded RNA Bacteriophages and Host Receptors for Structural Determination Using Cryo-Electron Microscopy. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2793:185-204. [PMID: 38526732 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3798-2_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
Single-stranded RNA bacteriophages (ssRNA phages) are small viruses with a compact genome (~3-4 kb) that infect gram-negative bacteria via retractile pili. These phages have been applied in various fields since their discovery approximately 60 years ago. To understand their biology, it is crucial to analyze the structure of mature virions. Cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) has been employed to determine the structures of two ssRNA phages, MS2 and Qβ. This chapter presents a method for purifying these two phages and their receptor, the F-pilus, to allow examination using cryo-EM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jirapat Thongchol
- Center for Phage Technology, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Junjie Zhang
- Center for Phage Technology, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA.
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11
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Martinez FG, Zielke RA, Fougeroux CE, Li L, Sander AF, Sikora AE. Development of a Tag/Catcher-mediated capsid virus-like particle vaccine presenting the conserved Neisseria gonorrhoeae SliC antigen that blocks human lysozyme. Infect Immun 2023; 91:e0024523. [PMID: 37916806 PMCID: PMC10715030 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00245-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Virus-like particles (VLPs) are promising nanotools for the development of subunit vaccines due to high immunogenicity and safety. Herein, we explored the versatile and effective Tag/Catcher-AP205 capsid VLP (cVLP) vaccine platform to address the urgent need for the development of an effective and safe vaccine against gonorrhea. The benefits of this clinically validated cVLP platform include its ability to facilitate unidirectional, high-density display of complex/full-length antigens through an effective split-protein Tag/Catcher conjugation system. To assess this modular approach for making cVLP vaccines, we used a conserved surface lipoprotein, SliC, that contributes to the Neisseria gonorrhoeae defense against human lysozyme, as a model antigen. This protein was genetically fused at the N- or C-terminus to the small peptide Tag enabling their conjugation to AP205 cVLP, displaying the complementary Catcher. We determined that SliC with the N-terminal SpyTag, N-SliC, retained lysozyme-blocking activity and could be displayed at high density on cVLPs without causing aggregation. In mice, the N-SliC-VLP vaccines, adjuvanted with AddaVax or CpG, induced significantly higher antibody titers compared to controls. In contrast, similar vaccine formulations containing monomeric SliC were non-immunogenic. Accordingly, sera from N-SliC-VLP-immunized mice also had significantly higher human complement-dependent serum bactericidal activity. Furthermore, the N-SliC-VLP vaccines administered subcutaneously with an intranasal boost elicited systemic and vaginal IgG and IgA, whereas subcutaneous delivery alone failed to induce vaginal IgA. The N-SliC-VLP with CpG (10 µg/dose) induced the most significant increase in total serum IgG and IgG3 titers, vaginal IgG and IgA, and bactericidal antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian G. Martinez
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
| | - Ryszard A. Zielke
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
| | | | - Lixin Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
| | - Adam F. Sander
- AdaptVac Aps, Hørsholm, Denmark
- Faculty of Health Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Institute for Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Aleksandra E. Sikora
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, USA
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12
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Yang JI, Sepúlveda D, Vardia I, Skov J, Goksøyr L, Sander AF, Lorenzen N. High immunogenicity of virus-like particles (VLPs) decorated with Aeromonas salmonicida VapA antigen in rainbow trout. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1139206. [PMID: 37283749 PMCID: PMC10239931 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1139206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The Gram-negative bacterium A. salmonicida is the causal agent of furunculosis and used to be one of the most loss-causing bacterial infections in the salmonid aquaculture industry with a mortality rate of about 90% until the 1990s, when an inactivated vaccine with mineral oil as adjuvant was successfully implemented to control the disease. However, the use of this vaccine is associated with inflammatory side effects in the peritoneal cavity as well as autoimmune reactions in Atlantic salmon, and incomplete protection has been reported in rainbow trout. We here aimed at developing and testing a recombinant alternative vaccine based on virus-like particles (VLPs) decorated with VapA, the key structural surface protein in the outer A-layer of A. salmonicida. The VLP carrier was based on either the capsid protein of a fish nodavirus, namely red grouper nervous necrotic virus (RGNNV) or the capsid protein of Acinetobacter phage AP205. The VapA and capsid proteins were expressed individually in E. coli and VapA was fused to auto-assembled VLPs using the SpyTag/SpyCatcher technology. Rainbow trout were vaccinated/immunized with the VapA-VLP vaccines by intraperitoneal injection and were challenged with A. salmonicida 7 weeks later. The VLP vaccines provided protection comparable to that of a bacterin-based vaccine and antibody response analysis demonstrated that vaccinated fish mounted a strong VapA-specific antibody response. To our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of the potential use of antigen-decorated VLPs for vaccination against a bacterial disease in salmonids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong In Yang
- National Institute of Aquatic Resources, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Dagoberto Sepúlveda
- National Institute of Aquatic Resources, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Irina Vardia
- National Institute of Aquatic Resources, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Jakob Skov
- National Institute of Aquatic Resources, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Louise Goksøyr
- Centre for Medical Parasitology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- AdaptVac Aps, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Adam F. Sander
- Centre for Medical Parasitology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- AdaptVac Aps, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Niels Lorenzen
- National Institute of Aquatic Resources, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
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13
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Radiom M, Keys T, Turgay Y, Ali A, Preet S, Chesnov S, Lutz-Bueno V, Slack E, Mezzenga R. Mechanical tuning of virus-like particles. J Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 634:963-971. [PMID: 36571858 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2022.12.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS Virus-like particles (VLPs) are promising scaffolds for developing mucosal vaccines. For their optimal performance, in addition to design parameters from an immunological perspective, biophysical properties may need to be considered. EXPERIMENTS We investigated the mechanical properties of VLPs scaffolded on the coat protein of Acinetobacter phage AP205 using atomic force microscopy and small angle X-ray scattering. FINDINGS Investigations showed that AP205 VLP is a tough nanoshell of stiffness 93 ± 23 pN/nm and elastic modulus 0.11 GPa. However, its mechanical properties are modulated by attaching muco-inert polyethylene glycol to 46 ± 10 pN/nm and 0.05 GPa. Addition of antigenic peptides derived from SARS-CoV2 spike protein by genetic fusion increased the stiffness to 146 ± 54 pN/nm although the elastic modulus remained unchanged. These results, which are interpreted in terms of shell thickness and coat protein net charge variations, demonstrate that surface conjugation can induce appreciable changes in the biophysical properties of VLP-scaffolded vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milad Radiom
- Laboratory of Food Immunology, Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland; Laboratory of Food and Soft Materials, Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.
| | - Tim Keys
- Laboratory of Food Immunology, Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Yagmur Turgay
- Laboratory of Food Immunology, Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Ahmed Ali
- Laboratory of Food Immunology, Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Swapan Preet
- Laboratory of Food Immunology, Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Serge Chesnov
- University of Zürich/ETH Zürich, Functional Genomics Centre Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | | | - Emma Slack
- Laboratory of Food Immunology, Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.
| | - Raffaele Mezzenga
- Laboratory of Food and Soft Materials, Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.
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14
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Wang D, Yuan Y, Liu B, Epstein ND, Yang Y. Protein-based nano-vaccines against SARS-CoV-2: Current design strategies and advances of candidate vaccines. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 236:123979. [PMID: 36907305 PMCID: PMC9998285 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.123979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Abstract
The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has shaken the global health system. Various nanotechnology-based strategies for vaccine development have played pivotal roles in fighting against SARS-CoV-2. Among them, the safe and effective protein-based nanoparticle (NP) platforms display a highly repetitive array of foreign antigens on their surface, which is urgent for improving the immunogenicity of vaccines. These platforms greatly improved antigen uptake by antigen presenting cells (APCs), lymph node trafficking, and B cell activation, due to the optimal size, multivalence, and versatility of NPs. In this review, we summarize the advances of protein-based NP platforms, strategies of antigen attachment, and the current progress of clinical and preclinical trials in the development of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines based on protein-based NP platforms. Importantly, the lessons learnt and design approaches developed for these NP platforms against SARS-CoV-2 also provide insights into the development of protein-based NP strategies for preventing other epidemic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongliang Wang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Engineering in Animal Vaccines, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Youqing Yuan
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Engineering in Animal Vaccines, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Bin Liu
- College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Neal D Epstein
- Cell and Developmental Biology Center, NHLBI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Yi Yang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Engineering in Animal Vaccines, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China.
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15
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Li X, Bi X, Shi X, Rao L, Fu ML, Sun W, Yuan B. Effect of particulate matters on inactivation of bacteriophage MS2 under irradiation above 320 nm. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:73976-73986. [PMID: 35633451 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-20811-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The inactivation of bacteriophage MS2 under irradiation above 320 nm was investigated, focusing on different solution pH, ionic strength, and Suwannee River natural organic matter (SRNOM) concentrations when solutions contained organic or inorganic particle matters. Inorganic and organic particles were modeled using kaolinite (KAO) and Microcystis aeruginosa (MA), respectively. The results showed that the two types of particles influenced on MS2 inactivation under different conditions. The lower pH contributed to the greater MS2 aggregation within pH range of 3.0 to 8.0, leading to an increasing inactivation rate. The presence of KAO induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) under the action of irradiation above 320 nm, which promoted the inactivation of MS2. By comparison, the [Formula: see text] produced by MA after irradiation promoted the inactivation at pH < 6, whereas when the pH is ≥ 6, the inactivation effect of MS2 was lower than that of particle-free solution because MS2 was no longer aggregated and MA has a shading effect. In the presence of Na+ or Ca2+ cation, irradiation above 320 nm could not effectively inactivate the MS2 under particle-free solution. By comparison, KAO increased the inactivation efficiency as a photosensitizer. With the increase of Ca2+ concentration, MS2 was more easily adsorbed to MA than aggregation. Until Ca2+ concentration reached 20 mM, the inactivation effect in MA solution was enhanced. In the presence of SRNOM, the inactivation effect increased with the increase of SRNOM concentration. When the SRNOM was 20 mM, the inactivation increased in the particle-free solution due to the greater production of [Formula: see text]. Compared with the particle-free solution, the KAO and MA inactivation efficiency was lower.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxue Li
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Municipal and Industrial Solid Waste Utilization and Pollution Control, College of Civil Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361021, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaochao Bi
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Municipal and Industrial Solid Waste Utilization and Pollution Control, College of Civil Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361021, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyang Shi
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Municipal and Industrial Solid Waste Utilization and Pollution Control, College of Civil Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361021, People's Republic of China
| | - La Rao
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Municipal and Industrial Solid Waste Utilization and Pollution Control, College of Civil Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361021, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming-Lai Fu
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Municipal and Industrial Solid Waste Utilization and Pollution Control, College of Civil Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361021, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjie Sun
- Department of Atmospheric and Hydrologic Science, St. Cloud State University, 720 4th Avenue South, St. Cloud, MN, 56301, USA
| | - Baoling Yuan
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Municipal and Industrial Solid Waste Utilization and Pollution Control, College of Civil Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361021, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Songliao Aquatic Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin Jianzhu University, Changchun, 130118, People's Republic of China.
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16
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Cappelli L, Cinelli P, Giusti F, Ferlenghi I, Utrio-Lanfaloni S, Wahome N, Bottomley MJ, Maione D, Cozzi R. Self-assembling protein nanoparticles and virus like particles correctly display β-barrel from meningococcal factor H-binding protein through genetic fusion. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0273322. [PMID: 36112575 PMCID: PMC9480994 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0273322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Recombinant protein-based vaccines are a valid and safer alternative to traditional vaccines based on live-attenuated or killed pathogens. However, the immune response of subunit vaccines is generally lower compared to that elicited by traditional vaccines and usually requires the use of adjuvants. The use of self-assembling protein nanoparticles, as a platform for vaccine antigen presentation, is emerging as a promising approach to enhance the production of protective and functional antibodies. In this work we demonstrated the successful repetitive antigen display of the C-terminal β-barrel domain of factor H binding protein, derived from serogroup B Meningococcus on the surface of different self-assembling nanoparticles using genetic fusion. Six nanoparticle scaffolds were tested, including virus-like particles with different sizes, geometries, and physicochemical properties. Combining computational and structure-based rational design we were able generate antigen-fused scaffolds that closely aligned with three-dimensional structure predictions. The chimeric nanoparticles were produced as recombinant proteins in Escherichia coli and evaluated for solubility, stability, self-assembly, and antigen accessibility using a variety of biophysical methods. Several scaffolds were identified as being suitable for genetic fusion with the β-barrel from fHbp, including ferritin, a de novo designed aldolase from Thermotoga maritima, encapsulin, CP3 phage coat protein, and the Hepatitis B core antigen. In conclusion, a systematic screening of self-assembling nanoparticles has been applied for the repetitive surface display of a vaccine antigen. This work demonstrates the capacity of rational structure-based design to develop new chimeric nanoparticles and describes a strategy that can be utilized to discover new nanoparticle-based approaches in the search for vaccines against bacterial pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paolo Cinelli
- University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- GSK, Siena, Italy
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17
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Ximba P, Chapman R, Meyers A, Margolin E, van Diepen MT, Sander AF, Woodward J, Moore PL, Williamson AL, Rybicki EP. Development of a synthetic nanoparticle vaccine presenting the HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 33:485102. [PMID: 35882111 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ac842c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Two-component self-assembling virus-like particles (VLPs) are promising scaffolds for achieving high-density display of HIV-1 envelope (gp140) trimers, which can improve the induction of neutralising antibodies (NAbs). In this study gp140 was displayed on the surface of VLPs formed by the AP205 phage coat protein. The CAP256 SU gp140 antigen was selected as the patient who this virus was isolated from developed broadly neutralising antibodies (bNAbs) shortly after superinfection with this virus. The CAP256 SU envelope is also sensitive to several bNAbs and has shown enhanced reactivity for certain bNAb precursors. A fusion protein comprising the HIV-1 CAP256 SU gp140 and the SpyTag (ST) (gp140-ST) was produced in HEK293 cells, and trimers were purified to homogeneity using gel filtration. SpyCatcher (SC)-AP205 VLPs were produced inEscherichia coliand purified by ultracentrifugation. The gp140-ST trimers and the SC-AP205 VLPs were mixed in varying molar ratios to generate VLPs displaying the glycoprotein (AP205-gp140-ST particles). Dynamic light scattering, negative stain electron microscopy and 2D classification indicated that gp140-ST was successfully bound to the VLPs, although not all potential binding sites were occupied. The immunogenicity of the coupled VLPs was evaluated in a pilot study in rabbits. One group was injected four times with coupled VLPs, and the second group was primed with DNA vaccines expressing Env and a mosaic Gag, followed by modified vaccinia Ankara expressing the same antigens. The animals were then boosted twice with coupled VLPs. Encouragingly, gp140-ST displayed on SC-AP205 VLPs was an effective boost to heterologously primed rabbits, leading to induction of autologous Tier 2 neutralising antibodies in 2/5 rabbits. However, four inoculations of coupled VLPs alone failed to elicit any Tier 2 antibodies. These results demonstrate that the native-like structure of HIV-1 envelope trimers and selection of a geometrically-suitable nanoparticle scaffold to achieve a high-density display of the trimers are important considerations that could improve the effect of nanoparticle-displayed gp140.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phindile Ximba
- Division of Medical Virology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Biopharming Research Unit, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Rosamund Chapman
- Division of Medical Virology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Ann Meyers
- Biopharming Research Unit, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Emmanuel Margolin
- Division of Medical Virology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Biopharming Research Unit, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Michiel T van Diepen
- Division of Medical Virology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Adam F Sander
- Centre for Medical Parasitology at the Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jeremy Woodward
- Structural Biology Research Unit, University of Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Penny L Moore
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Services, Johannesburg, South Africa
- MRC Antibody Immunity Research Unit, School of Pathology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa, Durban, South Africa
| | - Anna-Lise Williamson
- Division of Medical Virology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Edward P Rybicki
- Biopharming Research Unit, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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18
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Porat-Dahlerbruch G, Goldbourt A, Polenova T. Virus Structures and Dynamics by Magic-Angle Spinning NMR. Annu Rev Virol 2021; 8:219-237. [PMID: 34586870 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-virology-011921-064653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Techniques for atomic-resolution structural biology have evolved during the past several decades. Breakthroughs in instrumentation, sample preparation, and data analysis that occurred in the past decade have enabled characterization of viruses with an unprecedented level of detail. Here we review the recent advances in magic-angle spinning (MAS) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy for structural analysis of viruses and viral assemblies. MAS NMR is a powerful method that yields information on 3D structures and dynamics in a broad range of experimental conditions. After a brief introduction, we discuss recent structural and functional studies of several viruses investigated with atomic resolution at various levels of structural organization, from individual domains of a membrane protein reconstituted into lipid bilayers to virus-like particles and intact viruses. We present examples of the unique information revealed by MAS NMR about drug binding, conduction mechanisms, interactions with cellular host factors, and DNA packaging in biologically relevant environments that are inaccessible by other methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gal Porat-Dahlerbruch
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA;
| | - Amir Goldbourt
- School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Tatyana Polenova
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA; .,Pittsburgh Center for HIV Protein Interactions, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, USA
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19
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Brune KD, Liekniņa I, Sutov G, Morris AR, Jovicevic D, Kalniņš G, Kazāks A, Kluga R, Kastaljana S, Zajakina A, Jansons J, Skrastiņa D, Spunde K, Cohen AA, Bjorkman PJ, Morris HR, Suna E, Tārs K. N-Terminal Modification of Gly-His-Tagged Proteins with Azidogluconolactone. Chembiochem 2021; 22:3199-3207. [PMID: 34520613 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202100381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Site-specific protein modifications are vital for biopharmaceutical drug development. Gluconoylation is a non-enzymatic, post-translational modification of N-terminal HisTags. We report high-yield, site-selective in vitro α-aminoacylation of peptides, glycoproteins, antibodies, and virus-like particles (VLPs) with azidogluconolactone at pH 7.5 in 1 h. Conjugates slowly hydrolyse, but diol-masking with borate esters inhibits reversibility. In an example, we multimerise azidogluconoylated SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding domain (RBD) onto VLPs via click-chemistry, to give a COVID-19 vaccine. Compared to yeast antigen, HEK-derived RBD was immunologically superior, likely due to observed differences in glycosylation. We show the benefits of ordered over randomly oriented multimeric antigen display, by demonstrating single-shot seroconversion and best virus-neutralizing antibodies. Azidogluconoylation is simple, fast and robust chemistry, and should accelerate research and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl D Brune
- Genie Biotech Ltd., Lido Medical Centre, St. Saviour, JE2 7LA, United Kingdom.,Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Ilva Liekniņa
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, Ratsupites 1, 1067, Riga, Latvia
| | - Grigorij Sutov
- Genie Biotech Ltd., Lido Medical Centre, St. Saviour, JE2 7LA, United Kingdom.,Lab Group LT, UAB, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Alexander R Morris
- Genie Biotech Ltd., Lido Medical Centre, St. Saviour, JE2 7LA, United Kingdom.,Lab Group LT, UAB, Vilnius, Lithuania.,BioPharmaSpec Ltd., Suite 3.1, Lido Medical Centre, St. Saviour, JE2 7LA, UK
| | - Dejana Jovicevic
- Genie Biotech Ltd., Lido Medical Centre, St. Saviour, JE2 7LA, United Kingdom
| | - Gints Kalniņš
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, Ratsupites 1, 1067, Riga, Latvia
| | - Andris Kazāks
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, Ratsupites 1, 1067, Riga, Latvia
| | - Rihards Kluga
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Aizkraukles 21, 1006, Riga, Latvia.,University of Latvia, Jelgavas 1, 1004, Riga, Latvia
| | - Sabine Kastaljana
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Aizkraukles 21, 1006, Riga, Latvia.,University of Latvia, Jelgavas 1, 1004, Riga, Latvia
| | - Anna Zajakina
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, Ratsupites 1, 1067, Riga, Latvia
| | - Juris Jansons
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, Ratsupites 1, 1067, Riga, Latvia
| | - Dace Skrastiņa
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, Ratsupites 1, 1067, Riga, Latvia
| | - Karīna Spunde
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, Ratsupites 1, 1067, Riga, Latvia
| | - Alexander A Cohen
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Pamela J Bjorkman
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Howard R Morris
- BioPharmaSpec Ltd., Suite 3.1, Lido Medical Centre, St. Saviour, JE2 7LA, UK.,Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Edgars Suna
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Aizkraukles 21, 1006, Riga, Latvia.,University of Latvia, Jelgavas 1, 1004, Riga, Latvia
| | - Kaspars Tārs
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, Ratsupites 1, 1067, Riga, Latvia.,University of Latvia, Jelgavas 1, 1004, Riga, Latvia
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20
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Summerlin HN, Pola CC, Chamakura KR, Young R, Gentry T, McLamore ES, Karthikeyan R, Gomes CL. Fate of enteric viruses during leafy greens (romaine lettuce) production using treated municipal wastewater and AP205 bacteriophage as a surrogate. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART A, TOXIC/HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING 2021; 56:1138-1144. [PMID: 34427159 DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2021.1968231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2021] [Revised: 08/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Water reuse programs are being explored to close the gap between supply and demand for irrigation in agriculture. However, these sources could contain hazardous microbial contaminants, and pose risks to public health. This study aimed to grow and irrigate romaine lettuce with inoculated wastewater effluent to track AP205 bacteriophage prevalence through cultivation and post-harvest storage. AP205 is a bacteriophage and was used as a surrogate for enteric viruses. Low and high dosages (mean ± standard deviation) of AP205 at 4.8 ± 0.4 log PFU/mL and 6.6 ± 0.2 log PFU/mL; respectively, were prepared to examine viral load influence on contamination levels. Foliage, leachate, and soil contamination levels were directly related to AP205 concentrations in the effluent. AP205 concentrations increased throughout cultivation for foliage and leachate, suggesting bacteriophage accumulation. During post-harvest storage (14 day at 4 °C), there was a significant decrease in AP205 concentration on the foliage. Results show that wastewater effluents usage for leafy greens cultivation can pose risks to humans and additional steps are required to safely apply wastewater effluents to soils and crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harvey N Summerlin
- Department of Biological & Agricultural Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Cícero C Pola
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - Karthikeyan R Chamakura
- Center for Phage Technology, Texas A&M AgriLife, College Station, Texas, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Ry Young
- Center for Phage Technology, Texas A&M AgriLife, College Station, Texas, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Terry Gentry
- Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Eric S McLamore
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, USA
| | | | - Carmen L Gomes
- Department of Biological & Agricultural Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
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21
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Peabody DS, Peabody J, Bradfute SB, Chackerian B. RNA Phage VLP-Based Vaccine Platforms. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:764. [PMID: 34451861 PMCID: PMC8401894 DOI: 10.3390/ph14080764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Virus-like particles from a variety of RNA bacteriophages have turned out to be useful platforms for delivery of vaccine antigens in a highly immunogenic format. Here we update the current state of development of RNA phage VLPs as platforms for presentation of diverse antigens by genetic, enzymatic, and chemical display methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- David S. Peabody
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA; (J.P.); (B.C.)
| | - Julianne Peabody
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA; (J.P.); (B.C.)
| | - Steven B. Bradfute
- Center for Global Health, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 505, USA;
| | - Bryce Chackerian
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA; (J.P.); (B.C.)
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22
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Lalwani Prakash D, Gosavi S. Understanding the Folding Mediated Assembly of the Bacteriophage MS2 Coat Protein Dimers. J Phys Chem B 2021; 125:8722-8732. [PMID: 34339197 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.1c03928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The capsids of RNA viruses such as MS2 are great models for studying protein self-assembly because they are made almost entirely of multiple copies of a single coat protein (CP). Although CP is the minimal repeating unit of the capsid, previous studies have shown that CP exists as a homodimer (CP2) even in an acid-disassembled system, indicating that CP2 is an obligate dimer. Here, we investigate the molecular basis of this obligate dimerization using coarse-grained structure-based models and molecular dynamics simulations. We find that, unlike monomeric proteins of similar size, CP populates a single partially folded ensemble whose "foldedness" is sensitive to denaturing conditions. In contrast, CP2 folds similarly to single-domain proteins populating only the folded and the unfolded ensembles, separated by a prominent folding free energy barrier. Several intramonomer contacts form early, but the CP2 folding barrier is crossed only when the intermonomer contacts are made. A dissection of the structure of CP2 through mutant folding simulations shows that the folding barrier arises both from the topology of CP and the interface contacts of CP2. Together, our results show that CP2 is an obligate dimer because of kinetic stability, that is, dimerization induces a folding barrier and that makes it difficult for proteins in the dimer minimum to partially unfold and access the monomeric state without completely unfolding. We discuss the advantages of this obligate dimerization in the context of dimer design and virus stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Digvijay Lalwani Prakash
- Simons Centre for the Study of Living Machines, National Centre for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bengaluru 560065, India
| | - Shachi Gosavi
- Simons Centre for the Study of Living Machines, National Centre for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bengaluru 560065, India
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23
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Fredsgaard L, Goksøyr L, Thrane S, Aves KL, Theander TG, Sander AF. Head-to-Head Comparison of Modular Vaccines Developed Using Different Capsid Virus-Like Particle Backbones and Antigen Conjugation Systems. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9060539. [PMID: 34063871 PMCID: PMC8224050 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9060539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Capsid virus-like particles (cVLPs) are used as molecular scaffolds to increase the immunogenicity of displayed antigens. Modular platforms have been developed whereby antigens are attached to the surface of pre-assembled cVLPs. However, it remains unknown to what extent the employed cVLP backbone and conjugation system may influence the immune response elicited against the displayed antigen. Here, we performed a head-to-head comparison of antigen-specific IgG responses elicited by modular cVLP-vaccines differing by their employed cVLP backbone or conjugation system, respectively. Covalent antigen conjugation (i.e., employing the SpyTag/SpyCatcher system) resulted in significantly higher antigen-specific IgG titers compared to when using affinity-based conjugation (i.e., using biotin/streptavidin). The cVLP backbone also influenced the antigen-specific IgG response. Specifically, vaccines based on the bacteriophage AP205 cVLP elicited significantly higher antigen-specific IgG compared to corresponding vaccines using the human papillomavirus major capsid protein (HPV L1) cVLP. In addition, the AP205 cVLP platform mediated induction of antigen-specific IgG with a different subclass profile (i.e., higher IgG2a and IgG2b) compared to HPV L1 cVLP. These results demonstrate that the cVLP backbone and conjugation system can individually affect the IgG response elicited against a displayed antigen. These data will aid the understanding and process of tailoring modular cVLP vaccines to achieve improved immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurits Fredsgaard
- Centre for Medical Parasitology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; (L.F.); (L.G.); (K.-L.A.); (T.G.T.)
| | - Louise Goksøyr
- Centre for Medical Parasitology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; (L.F.); (L.G.); (K.-L.A.); (T.G.T.)
- AdaptVac Aps, 2970 Hørsholm, Denmark;
| | | | - Kara-Lee Aves
- Centre for Medical Parasitology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; (L.F.); (L.G.); (K.-L.A.); (T.G.T.)
| | - Thor G. Theander
- Centre for Medical Parasitology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; (L.F.); (L.G.); (K.-L.A.); (T.G.T.)
| | - Adam F. Sander
- Centre for Medical Parasitology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; (L.F.); (L.G.); (K.-L.A.); (T.G.T.)
- AdaptVac Aps, 2970 Hørsholm, Denmark;
- Correspondence:
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24
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Nguyen B, Tolia NH. Protein-based antigen presentation platforms for nanoparticle vaccines. NPJ Vaccines 2021; 6:70. [PMID: 33986287 PMCID: PMC8119681 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-021-00330-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Modern vaccine design has sought a minimalization approach, moving to the isolation of antigens from pathogens that invoke a strong neutralizing immune response. This approach has created safer vaccines but may limit vaccine efficacy due to poor immunogenicity. To combat global diseases such as COVID-19, malaria, and AIDS there is a clear urgency for more effective next-generation vaccines. One approach to improve the immunogenicity of vaccines is the use of nanoparticle platforms that present a repetitive array of antigen on its surface. This technology has been shown to improve antigen presenting cell uptake, lymph node trafficking, and B-cell activation through increased avidity and particle size. With a focus on design, we summarize natural platforms, methods of antigen attachment, and advancements in generating self-assembly that have led to new engineered platforms. We further examine critical parameters that will direct the usage and development of more effective platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Nguyen
- Laboratory of Malaria Immunology and Vaccinology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Niraj H Tolia
- Laboratory of Malaria Immunology and Vaccinology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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25
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AP205 VLPs Based on Dimerized Capsid Proteins Accommodate RBM Domain of SARS-CoV-2 and Serve as an Attractive Vaccine Candidate. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9040403. [PMID: 33921677 PMCID: PMC8073683 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9040403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 is a novel disease caused by SARS-CoV-2 which has conquered the world rapidly resulting in a pandemic that massively impacts our health, social activities, and economy. It is likely that vaccination is the only way to form “herd immunity” and restore the world to normal. Here we developed a vaccine candidate for COVID-19 based on the virus-like particle AP205 displaying the spike receptor binding motif (RBM), which is the major target of neutralizing antibodies in convalescent patients. To this end, we genetically fused the RBM domain of SARS-CoV-2 to the C terminus of AP205 of dimerized capsid proteins. The fused VLPs were expressed in E. coli, which resulted in insoluble aggregates. These aggregates were denatured in 8 M urea followed by refolding, which reconstituted VLP formation as confirmed by electron microscopy analysis. Importantly, immunized mice were able to generate high levels of IgG antibodies recognizing eukaryotically expressed receptor binding domain (RBD) as well as spike protein of SARS-CoV-2. Furthermore, induced antibodies were able to neutralize SARS-CoV-2/ABS/NL20. Additionally, this vaccine candidate has the potential to be produced at large scale for immunization programs.
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26
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Nchinda GW, Al-Atoom N, Coats MT, Cameron JM, Waffo AB. Uniqueness of RNA Coliphage Qβ Display System in Directed Evolutionary Biotechnology. Viruses 2021; 13:v13040568. [PMID: 33801772 PMCID: PMC8067240 DOI: 10.3390/v13040568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Phage display technology involves the surface genetic engineering of phages to expose desirable proteins or peptides whose gene sequences are packaged within phage genomes, thereby rendering direct linkage between genotype with phenotype feasible. This has resulted in phage display systems becoming invaluable components of directed evolutionary biotechnology. The M13 is a DNA phage display system which dominates this technology and usually involves selected proteins or peptides being displayed through surface engineering of its minor coat proteins. The displayed protein or peptide’s functionality is often highly reduced due to harsh treatment of M13 variants. Recently, we developed a novel phage display system using the coliphage Qβ as a nano-biotechnology platform. The coliphage Qβ is an RNA phage belonging to the family of Leviviridae, a long investigated virus. Qβ phages exist as a quasispecies and possess features making them comparatively more suitable and unique for directed evolutionary biotechnology. As a quasispecies, Qβ benefits from the promiscuity of its RNA dependent RNA polymerase replicase, which lacks proofreading activity, and thereby permits rapid variant generation, mutation, and adaptation. The minor coat protein of Qβ is the readthrough protein, A1. It shares the same initiation codon with the major coat protein and is produced each time the ribosome translates the UGA stop codon of the major coat protein with the of misincorporation of tryptophan. This misincorporation occurs at a low level (1/15). Per convention and definition, A1 is the target for display technology, as this minor coat protein does not play a role in initiating the life cycle of Qβ phage like the pIII of M13. The maturation protein A2 of Qβ initiates the life cycle by binding to the pilus of the F+ host bacteria. The extension of the A1 protein with a foreign peptide probe recognizes and binds to the target freely, while the A2 initiates the infection. This avoids any disturbance of the complex and the necessity for acidic elution and neutralization prior to infection. The combined use of both the A1 and A2 proteins of Qβ in this display system allows for novel bio-panning, in vitro maturation, and evolution. Additionally, methods for large library size construction have been improved with our directed evolutionary phage display system. This novel phage display technology allows 12 copies of a specific desired peptide to be displayed on the exterior surface of Qβ in uniform distribution at the corners of the phage icosahedron. Through the recently optimized subtractive bio-panning strategy, fusion probes containing up to 80 amino acids altogether with linkers, can be displayed for target selection. Thus, combined uniqueness of its genome, structure, and proteins make the Qβ phage a desirable suitable innovation applicable in affinity maturation and directed evolutionary biotechnology. The evolutionary adaptability of the Qβ phage display strategy is still in its infancy. However, it has the potential to evolve functional domains of the desirable proteins, glycoproteins, and lipoproteins, rendering them superior to their natural counterparts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Godwin W. Nchinda
- Laboratory of Vaccinology and Biobanking, International Reference Centre CIRCB), BP 3077 Yaoundé, Cameroon;
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology & Biotechnology, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, 420110 Awka, Nigeria
| | - Nadia Al-Atoom
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Tuskegee University, Tuskegee, AL 36088, USA;
| | - Mamie T. Coats
- Clinical and Diagnostic Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA;
| | - Jacqueline M. Cameron
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA;
| | - Alain B. Waffo
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-317-274-9640
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27
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Cohen AA, Yang Z, Gnanapragasam PNP, Ou S, Dam KMA, Wang H, Bjorkman PJ. Construction, characterization, and immunization of nanoparticles that display a diverse array of influenza HA trimers. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0247963. [PMID: 33661993 PMCID: PMC7932532 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0247963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Current influenza vaccines do not elicit broadly protective immune responses against multiple strains. New strategies to focus the humoral immune response to conserved regions on influenza antigens are therefore required for recognition by broadly neutralizing antibodies. It has been suggested that B-cells with receptors that recognize conserved epitopes would be preferentially stimulated through avidity effects by mosaic particles presenting multiple forms of a variable antigen. We adapted SpyCatcher-based platforms, AP205 virus-like particles (VLPs) and mi3 nanoparticles (NPs), to covalently co-display SpyTagged hemagglutinin (HA) trimers from group 1 and group 2 influenza A strains. Here we show successful homotypic and heterotypic conjugation of up to 8 different HA trimers to both VLPs and NPs. We characterized the HA-VLPs and HA-NPs by cryo-electron tomography to derive the average number of conjugated HAs and their separation distances on particles, and compared immunizations of mosaic and homotypic particles in wild-type mice. Both types of HA particles elicited strong antibody responses, but the mosaic particles did not consistently elicit broader immune responses than mixtures of homotypic particles. We conclude that covalent attachment of HAs from currently-circulating influenza strains represents a viable alternative to current annual influenza vaccine strategies, but in the absence of further modifications, is unlikely to represent a method for making a universal influenza vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander A. Cohen
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, United States of America
| | - Zhi Yang
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, United States of America
| | - Priyanthi N. P. Gnanapragasam
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, United States of America
| | - Susan Ou
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, United States of America
| | - Kim-Marie A. Dam
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, United States of America
| | - Haoqing Wang
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, United States of America
| | - Pamela J. Bjorkman
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, United States of America
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28
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Fougeroux C, Goksøyr L, Idorn M, Soroka V, Myeni SK, Dagil R, Janitzek CM, Søgaard M, Aves KL, Horsted EW, Erdoğan SM, Gustavsson T, Dorosz J, Clemmensen S, Fredsgaard L, Thrane S, Vidal-Calvo EE, Khalifé P, Hulen TM, Choudhary S, Theisen M, Singh SK, Garcia-Senosiain A, Van Oosten L, Pijlman G, Hierzberger B, Domeyer T, Nalewajek BW, Strøbæk A, Skrzypczak M, Andersson LF, Buus S, Buus AS, Christensen JP, Dalebout TJ, Iversen K, Harritshøj LH, Mordmüller B, Ullum H, Reinert LS, de Jongh WA, Kikkert M, Paludan SR, Theander TG, Nielsen MA, Salanti A, Sander AF. Capsid-like particles decorated with the SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding domain elicit strong virus neutralization activity. Nat Commun 2021; 12:324. [PMID: 33436573 PMCID: PMC7804149 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-20251-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The rapid development of a SARS-CoV-2 vaccine is a global priority. Here, we develop two capsid-like particle (CLP)-based vaccines displaying the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. RBD antigens are displayed on AP205 CLPs through a split-protein Tag/Catcher, ensuring unidirectional and high-density display of RBD. Both soluble recombinant RBD and RBD displayed on CLPs bind the ACE2 receptor with nanomolar affinity. Mice are vaccinated with soluble RBD or CLP-displayed RBD, formulated in Squalene-Water-Emulsion. The RBD-CLP vaccines induce higher levels of serum anti-spike antibodies than the soluble RBD vaccines. Remarkably, one injection with our lead RBD-CLP vaccine in mice elicits virus neutralization antibody titers comparable to those found in patients that had recovered from COVID-19. Following booster vaccinations, the virus neutralization titers exceed those measured after natural infection, at serum dilutions above 1:10,000. Thus, the RBD-CLP vaccine is a highly promising candidate for preventing COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Louise Goksøyr
- AdaptVac Aps, 2970, Hørsholm, Denmark
- Centre for Medical Parasitology at Department for Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen and Department of Infectious Disease, Copenhagen University Hospital, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Manja Idorn
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, 8000, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Sebenzile K Myeni
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Leiden University Medical Center, ZA, Leiden, 2333, Netherlands
| | - Robert Dagil
- Centre for Medical Parasitology at Department for Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen and Department of Infectious Disease, Copenhagen University Hospital, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark
- VAR2pharmaceuticals, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christoph M Janitzek
- Centre for Medical Parasitology at Department for Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen and Department of Infectious Disease, Copenhagen University Hospital, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Max Søgaard
- ExpreS2ion Biotechnologies Aps, 2970, Hørsholm, Denmark
| | - Kara-Lee Aves
- Centre for Medical Parasitology at Department for Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen and Department of Infectious Disease, Copenhagen University Hospital, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Emma W Horsted
- Centre for Medical Parasitology at Department for Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen and Department of Infectious Disease, Copenhagen University Hospital, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sayit Mahmut Erdoğan
- Centre for Medical Parasitology at Department for Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen and Department of Infectious Disease, Copenhagen University Hospital, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Turkish Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, 06800, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Tobias Gustavsson
- Centre for Medical Parasitology at Department for Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen and Department of Infectious Disease, Copenhagen University Hospital, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark
- VAR2pharmaceuticals, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jerzy Dorosz
- ExpreS2ion Biotechnologies Aps, 2970, Hørsholm, Denmark
| | | | - Laurits Fredsgaard
- Centre for Medical Parasitology at Department for Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen and Department of Infectious Disease, Copenhagen University Hospital, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | | | - Paul Khalifé
- Centre for Medical Parasitology at Department for Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen and Department of Infectious Disease, Copenhagen University Hospital, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas M Hulen
- Centre for Medical Parasitology at Department for Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen and Department of Infectious Disease, Copenhagen University Hospital, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Swati Choudhary
- Centre for Medical Parasitology at Department for Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen and Department of Infectious Disease, Copenhagen University Hospital, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark
- VAR2pharmaceuticals, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Michael Theisen
- Centre for Medical Parasitology at Department for Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen and Department of Infectious Disease, Copenhagen University Hospital, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department for Congenital Disorders, Statens Serum Institute, 2300, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Susheel K Singh
- Centre for Medical Parasitology at Department for Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen and Department of Infectious Disease, Copenhagen University Hospital, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department for Congenital Disorders, Statens Serum Institute, 2300, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Asier Garcia-Senosiain
- Centre for Medical Parasitology at Department for Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen and Department of Infectious Disease, Copenhagen University Hospital, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department for Congenital Disorders, Statens Serum Institute, 2300, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Linda Van Oosten
- Department of Plant Sciences, Laboratory of Virology, 6700AA, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Gorben Pijlman
- Department of Plant Sciences, Laboratory of Virology, 6700AA, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | | | - Tanja Domeyer
- ExpreS2ion Biotechnologies Aps, 2970, Hørsholm, Denmark
| | | | | | | | | | - Søren Buus
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200, Copenhagen, Danmark
| | - Anette Stryhn Buus
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200, Copenhagen, Danmark
| | - Jan Pravsgaard Christensen
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200, Copenhagen, Danmark
| | - Tim J Dalebout
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Leiden University Medical Center, ZA, Leiden, 2333, Netherlands
| | - Kasper Iversen
- Department of Cardiology, Herlev Hospital, 2730, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Lene H Harritshøj
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Copenhagen University Hospital, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Benjamin Mordmüller
- Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, Institut für Tropenmedizin, 72074, Tübingen, Germany
- Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné, BP 242, Lambaréné, Gabon
| | - Henrik Ullum
- Department of Cardiology, Herlev Hospital, 2730, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Line S Reinert
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, 8000, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Willem Adriaan de Jongh
- AdaptVac Aps, 2970, Hørsholm, Denmark
- ExpreS2ion Biotechnologies Aps, 2970, Hørsholm, Denmark
| | - Marjolein Kikkert
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Leiden University Medical Center, ZA, Leiden, 2333, Netherlands
| | - Søren R Paludan
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, 8000, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Thor G Theander
- Centre for Medical Parasitology at Department for Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen and Department of Infectious Disease, Copenhagen University Hospital, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Morten A Nielsen
- Centre for Medical Parasitology at Department for Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen and Department of Infectious Disease, Copenhagen University Hospital, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Ali Salanti
- Centre for Medical Parasitology at Department for Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen and Department of Infectious Disease, Copenhagen University Hospital, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark
- VAR2pharmaceuticals, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Adam F Sander
- AdaptVac Aps, 2970, Hørsholm, Denmark.
- Centre for Medical Parasitology at Department for Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen and Department of Infectious Disease, Copenhagen University Hospital, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Smith M, Stuntz S, Xing Y, Magnuson M, Phillips R, Harper WF. Functional resilience of activated sludge exposed to Bacillus globigii and bacteriophage MS2. WATER AND ENVIRONMENT JOURNAL : THE JOURNAL 2020; 35:930-936. [PMID: 35677399 PMCID: PMC9171731 DOI: 10.1111/wej.12682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated the effect of two biocontaminant surrogates on the activity and performance of activated sludge. In the presence of bacteriophage MS2 at 3.2 × 108 PFU/ml, the peak respiration rates varied between 9.1 and 10.5 mg O2/gVSS/hr, generally similar to the rates observed in negative controls. MS2 did not alter the molar CO2-produced-to-O2 consumed stoichiometry observed during respiration. Similar results were observed for Bacillus globigii (BG). Ethanol, a potential co-contaminant associated with biocontamination incidents, can inhibit initial oxygen uptake. MS2 and BG both adsorbed to activated sludge; post-exposure viability was confirmed for BG but not for MS2. This study is the first to evaluate the effects of BG and MS2 on activated sludge, and it presents a protocol that can be used in operational situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Smith
- Department of Systems Engineering and Management, Air Force Institute of Technology, Dayton, OH, USA
| | - Sean Stuntz
- Department of Systems Engineering and Management, Air Force Institute of Technology, Dayton, OH, USA
| | - Yun Xing
- Department of Systems Engineering and Management, Air Force Institute of Technology, Dayton, OH, USA
| | - Matthew Magnuson
- US Environmental Protection Agency, National Homeland Security Research Center, Water Infrastructure Protection Division, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Rebecca Phillips
- Oak Ridge Institute of Science and Education, US Environmental Protection Agency Headquarters, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Willie F. Harper
- Department of Systems Engineering and Management, Air Force Institute of Technology, Dayton, OH, USA
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Hartzell EJ, Lieser RM, Sullivan MO, Chen W. Modular Hepatitis B Virus-like Particle Platform for Biosensing and Drug Delivery. ACS NANO 2020; 14:12642-12651. [PMID: 32924431 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b08756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The hepatitis B virus-like particle (HBV VLP) is an attractive protein nanoparticle platform due to the availability of 240 modification sites for engineering purposes. Although direct protein insertion into the surface loop has been demonstrated, this decoration strategy is restricted by the size of the inserted protein moieties. Meanwhile, larger proteins can be decorated using chemical conjugations; yet these approaches perturb the integrity of more delicate proteins and can unfavorably orient the proteins, impairing active surface display. Herein, we aim to create a robust and highly modular method to produce smart HBV-based nanodevices by using the SpyCatcher/SpyTag system, which allows a wide range of peptides and proteins to be conjugated directly and simply onto the modified HBV capsids in a controlled and biocompatible manner. Our technology allows the modular surface modification of HBV VLPs with multiple components, which provides signal amplification, increased targeting avidity, and high therapeutic payload incorporation. We have achieved a yield of over 200 mg/L for these engineered HBV VLPs and demonstrated the flexibility of this platform in both biosensing and drug delivery applications. The ability to decorate over 200 nanoluciferases per VLP improved detection signal by over 1500-fold, such that low nanomolar levels of thrombin could be detected by the naked eye. Meanwhile, a dimeric prodrug-activating enzyme was loaded without cross-linking particles by coexpressing orthogonally labeled monomers. This along with a epidermal growth factor receptor-binding peptide enabled tunable uptake of HBV VLPs into inflammatory breast cancer cells, leading to efficient suicide enzyme delivery and cell killing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily J Hartzell
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Rachel M Lieser
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Millicent O Sullivan
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Wilfred Chen
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
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31
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Rūmnieks J, Liekniņa I, Kalniņš G, Šišovs M, Akopjana I, Bogans J, Tārs K. Three-dimensional structure of 22 uncultured ssRNA bacteriophages: Flexibility of the coat protein fold and variations in particle shapes. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:6/36/eabc0023. [PMID: 32917600 PMCID: PMC7467689 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abc0023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The single-stranded RNA (ssRNA) bacteriophages are among the simplest known viruses with small genomes and exceptionally high mutation rates. The number of ssRNA phage isolates has remained very low, but recent metagenomic studies have uncovered an immense variety of distinct uncultured ssRNA phages. The coat proteins (CPs) in these genomes are particularly diverse, with notable variation in length and often no recognizable similarity to previously known viruses. We recombinantly expressed metagenome-derived ssRNA phage CPs to produce virus-like particles and determined the three-dimensional structure of 22 previously uncharacterized ssRNA phage capsids covering nine distinct CP types. The structures revealed substantial deviations from the previously known ssRNA phage CP fold, uncovered an unusual prolate particle shape, and revealed a previously unseen dsRNA binding mode. These data expand our knowledge of the evolution of viral structural proteins and are of relevance for applications such as ssRNA phage-based vaccine design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jānis Rūmnieks
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Center, Rātsupītes 1, LV1067, Riga, Latvia
| | - Ilva Liekniņa
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Center, Rātsupītes 1, LV1067, Riga, Latvia
| | - Gints Kalniņš
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Center, Rātsupītes 1, LV1067, Riga, Latvia
| | - Mihails Šišovs
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Center, Rātsupītes 1, LV1067, Riga, Latvia
| | - Ināra Akopjana
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Center, Rātsupītes 1, LV1067, Riga, Latvia
| | - Jānis Bogans
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Center, Rātsupītes 1, LV1067, Riga, Latvia
| | - Kaspars Tārs
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Center, Rātsupītes 1, LV1067, Riga, Latvia.
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Liekniņa I, Černova D, Rūmnieks J, Tārs K. Novel ssRNA phage VLP platform for displaying foreign epitopes by genetic fusion. Vaccine 2020; 38:6019-6026. [PMID: 32713683 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2020.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Virus-like particles (VLPs) can be used as efficient carriers of various antigens and therefore serve as attractive tools in vaccine development. Although VLPs of different viruses can be used, VLPs of ssRNA phages have convincing advantages due to their unique properties, including efficient protein production in bacterial and yeast expression systems, low production cost and easy and fast purification. Currently, the range of ssRNA phage VLPs is limited. In particular, this is true for VLPs that tolerate insertions at the N- and C-termini of the coat protein. It is therefore necessary to find new alternatives within the known ssRNA phage VLP range. From previous studies, we found approximately 80 new VLPs forming ssRNA phage coat proteins. In the current study, we attached a model peptide to the N- and C-termini of coat proteins. As a model peptide, we used a triple repeat of 23 N-terminal residues of the ectodomain of the influenza M2 protein, used previously in the development of the flu vaccine. Examining 43 novel phage coat proteins for the ability to form chimeric VLPs, we found ten new promising candidates for further vaccine design, five of which were tolerant to insertions at both the N- and C-termini. Furthermore, we demonstrate that most of the chimeric VLPs have good antigenic properties as judged from their reactivity with anti-M2 antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilva Liekniņa
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Center, Ratsupites 1 k-1, LV1067 Riga, Latvia
| | - Darja Černova
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Center, Ratsupites 1 k-1, LV1067 Riga, Latvia
| | - Jānis Rūmnieks
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Center, Ratsupites 1 k-1, LV1067 Riga, Latvia
| | - Kaspars Tārs
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Center, Ratsupites 1 k-1, LV1067 Riga, Latvia.
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Kirsteina A, Akopjana I, Bogans J, Lieknina I, Jansons J, Skrastina D, Kazaka T, Tars K, Isakova-Sivak I, Mezhenskaya D, Kotomina T, Matyushenko V, Rudenko L, Kazaks A. Construction and Immunogenicity of a Novel Multivalent Vaccine Prototype Based on Conserved Influenza Virus Antigens. Vaccines (Basel) 2020; 8:vaccines8020197. [PMID: 32344753 PMCID: PMC7349063 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines8020197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Influenza, an acute, highly contagious respiratory disease, remains a significant threat to public health. More effective vaccination strategies aimed at inducing broad cross-protection not only against seasonal influenza variants, but also zoonotic and emerging pandemic influenza strains are urgently needed. A number of conserved protein targets to elicit such cross-protective immunity have been under investigation, with long alpha-helix (LAH) from hemagglutinin stalk and ectodomain of matrix protein 2 ion channel (M2e) being the most studied ones. Recently, we have reported the three-dimensional structure and some practical applications of LAH expressed in Escherichia coli system (referred to as tri-stalk protein). In the present study, we investigated the immunogenicity and efficacy of a panel of broadly protective influenza vaccine prototypes based on both influenza tri-stalk and triple M2e (3M2e) antigens integrated into phage AP205 virus-like particles (VLPs). While VLPs containing the 3M2e alone induced protection against standard homologous and heterologous virus challenge in mice, only the combination of both conserved influenza antigens into a single VLP fully protected mice from a high-dose homologous H1N1 influenza infection. We propose that a combination of genetic fusion and chemical coupling techniques to expose two different foreign influenza antigens on a single particle is a perspective approach for generation of a broadly-effective vaccine candidate that could protect against the constantly emerging influenza virus strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Kirsteina
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, LV-1067 Riga, Latvia; (A.K.); (I.A.); (J.B.); (I.L.); (J.J.); (D.S.); (T.K.); (K.T.)
| | - Inara Akopjana
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, LV-1067 Riga, Latvia; (A.K.); (I.A.); (J.B.); (I.L.); (J.J.); (D.S.); (T.K.); (K.T.)
| | - Janis Bogans
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, LV-1067 Riga, Latvia; (A.K.); (I.A.); (J.B.); (I.L.); (J.J.); (D.S.); (T.K.); (K.T.)
| | - Ilva Lieknina
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, LV-1067 Riga, Latvia; (A.K.); (I.A.); (J.B.); (I.L.); (J.J.); (D.S.); (T.K.); (K.T.)
| | - Juris Jansons
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, LV-1067 Riga, Latvia; (A.K.); (I.A.); (J.B.); (I.L.); (J.J.); (D.S.); (T.K.); (K.T.)
| | - Dace Skrastina
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, LV-1067 Riga, Latvia; (A.K.); (I.A.); (J.B.); (I.L.); (J.J.); (D.S.); (T.K.); (K.T.)
| | - Tatjana Kazaka
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, LV-1067 Riga, Latvia; (A.K.); (I.A.); (J.B.); (I.L.); (J.J.); (D.S.); (T.K.); (K.T.)
| | - Kaspars Tars
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, LV-1067 Riga, Latvia; (A.K.); (I.A.); (J.B.); (I.L.); (J.J.); (D.S.); (T.K.); (K.T.)
| | - Irina Isakova-Sivak
- Department of Virology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Saint Petersburg 197376, Russia; (I.I.-S.); (D.M.); (T.K.); (V.M.); (L.R.)
| | - Daria Mezhenskaya
- Department of Virology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Saint Petersburg 197376, Russia; (I.I.-S.); (D.M.); (T.K.); (V.M.); (L.R.)
| | - Tatiana Kotomina
- Department of Virology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Saint Petersburg 197376, Russia; (I.I.-S.); (D.M.); (T.K.); (V.M.); (L.R.)
| | - Victoria Matyushenko
- Department of Virology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Saint Petersburg 197376, Russia; (I.I.-S.); (D.M.); (T.K.); (V.M.); (L.R.)
| | - Larisa Rudenko
- Department of Virology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Saint Petersburg 197376, Russia; (I.I.-S.); (D.M.); (T.K.); (V.M.); (L.R.)
| | - Andris Kazaks
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, LV-1067 Riga, Latvia; (A.K.); (I.A.); (J.B.); (I.L.); (J.J.); (D.S.); (T.K.); (K.T.)
- Correspondence:
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Aves KL, Goksøyr L, Sander AF. Advantages and Prospects of Tag/Catcher Mediated Antigen Display on Capsid-Like Particle-Based Vaccines. Viruses 2020; 12:v12020185. [PMID: 32041299 PMCID: PMC7077247 DOI: 10.3390/v12020185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2019] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Capsid-like particles (CLPs) are multimeric, repetitive assemblies of recombinant viral capsid proteins, which are highly immunogenic due to their structural similarity to wild-type viruses. CLPs can be used as molecular scaffolds to enable the presentation of soluble vaccine antigens in a similar structural format, which can significantly increase the immunogenicity of the antigen. CLP-based antigen display can be obtained by various genetic and modular conjugation methods. However, these vary in their versatility as well as efficiency in achieving an immunogenic antigen display. Here, we make a comparative review of the major CLP-based antigen display technologies. The Tag/Catcher-AP205 platform is highlighted as a particularly versatile and efficient technology that offers new qualitative and practical advantages in designing modular CLP vaccines. Finally, we discuss how split-protein Tag/Catcher conjugation systems can help to further propagate and enhance modular CLP vaccine designs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kara-Lee Aves
- Faculty of Health Science, Institute for Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; (K.-L.A.); (L.G.)
| | - Louise Goksøyr
- Faculty of Health Science, Institute for Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; (K.-L.A.); (L.G.)
- AdaptVac Aps, Agern Alle 1, 2970 Hørsholm, Denmark
| | - Adam F. Sander
- Faculty of Health Science, Institute for Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; (K.-L.A.); (L.G.)
- AdaptVac Aps, Agern Alle 1, 2970 Hørsholm, Denmark
- Correspondence:
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35
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Xing Y, Ellis A, Magnuson M, Harper WF. Adsorption of bacteriophage MS2 to colloids: Kinetics and particle interactions. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2020; 585:1-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2019.124099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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36
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Abstract
ssRNA phages belonging to the family Leviviridae are among the tiniest viruses, infecting various Gram-negative bacteria by adsorption to their pilus structures. Due to their simplicity, they have been intensively studied as models for understanding various problems in molecular biology and virology. Several of the studied ssRNA characteristics, such as coat protein–RNA interactions and the ability to readily form virus-like particles in recombinant expression systems, have fueled many practical applications such as RNA labeling and tracking systems and vaccine development. In this chapter, we review the life cycle, structure and applications of these small yet fascinating viruses.
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Cytoplasmic glycoengineering enables biosynthesis of nanoscale glycoprotein assemblies. Nat Commun 2019; 10:5403. [PMID: 31776333 PMCID: PMC6881330 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-13283-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycosylation of proteins profoundly impacts their physical and biological properties. Yet our ability to engineer novel glycoprotein structures remains limited. Established bacterial glycoengineering platforms require secretion of the acceptor protein to the periplasmic space and preassembly of the oligosaccharide substrate as a lipid-linked precursor, limiting access to protein and glycan substrates respectively. Here, we circumvent these bottlenecks by developing a facile glycoengineering platform that operates in the bacterial cytoplasm. The Glycoli platform leverages a recently discovered site-specific polypeptide glycosyltransferase together with variable glycosyltransferase modules to synthesize defined glycans, of bacterial or mammalian origin, directly onto recombinant proteins in the E. coli cytoplasm. We exploit the cytoplasmic localization of this glycoengineering platform to generate a variety of multivalent glycostructures, including self-assembling nanomaterials bearing hundreds of copies of the glycan epitope. This work establishes cytoplasmic glycoengineering as a powerful platform for producing glycoprotein structures with diverse future biomedical applications. Established bacterial glycoengineering platforms limit access to protein and glycan substrates. Here the authors design a cytoplasmic protein glycosylation system, Glycoli, to generate a variety of multivalent glycostructures.
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Goldbourt A. Structural characterization of bacteriophage viruses by NMR. PROGRESS IN NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY 2019; 114-115:192-210. [PMID: 31779880 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnmrs.2019.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Revised: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Magic-angle spinning (MAS) solid-state NMR has provided structural insights into various bacteriophage systems including filamentous, spherical, and tailed bacteriophage viruses. A variety of methodologies have been utilized including elementary two and three-dimensional assignment experiments, proton-detection techniques at fast spinning speeds, non-uniform sampling, structure determination protocols, conformational dynamics revealed by recoupling of anisotropic interactions, and enhancement by dynamic nuclear polarization. This review summarizes most of the studies performed during the last decade by MAS techniques and makes comparisons with prior knowledge obtained from static and solution NMR techniques. Chemical shifts for the capsids of the various systems are reported and analyzed, and DNA shifts are reported and discussed in the context of general high molecular-weight DNA molecules. Chemical shift and torsion angle prediction techniques are compared and applied to the various phage systems. The structures of the intact M13 filamentous bacteriophage and that of the Acinetobacter phage AP205 capsid, determined using MAS-based experimental data, are presented. Finally, filamentous phages, which are highly rigid systems, show interesting dynamics at the interface of the capsid and DNA, and their mutual electrostatic interactions are shown to be mediated by highly mobile positively charged residues. Novel results obtained from recoupling the chemical shift anisotropy of a single arginine in IKe phage, which is in contact with its DNA, further demonstrate this point. MAS NMR thus provides many new insights into phage structure, and on the other hand the richness, complexity and variety of bacteriophage systems provide opportunities for new NMR methodologies and technique developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Goldbourt
- School of Chemistry, Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel.
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Gupta R, Zhang H, Lu M, Hou G, Caporini M, Rosay M, Maas W, Struppe J, Ahn J, Byeon IJL, Oschkinat H, Jaudzems K, Barbet-Massin E, Emsley L, Pintacuda G, Lesage A, Gronenborn AM, Polenova T. Dynamic Nuclear Polarization Magic-Angle Spinning Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Combined with Molecular Dynamics Simulations Permits Detection of Order and Disorder in Viral Assemblies. J Phys Chem B 2019; 123:5048-5058. [PMID: 31125232 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.9b02293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
We report dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP)-enhanced magic-angle spinning (MAS) NMR spectroscopy in viral capsids from HIV-1 and bacteriophage AP205. Viruses regulate their life cycles and infectivity through modulation of their structures and dynamics. While static structures of capsids from several viruses are now accessible with near-atomic-level resolution, atomic-level understanding of functionally important motions in assembled capsids is lacking. We observed up to 64-fold signal enhancements by DNP, which permitted in-depth analysis of these assemblies. For the HIV-1 CA assemblies, a remarkably high spectral resolution in the 3D and 2D heteronuclear data sets permitted the assignment of a significant fraction of backbone and side-chain resonances. Using an integrated DNP MAS NMR and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation approach, the conformational space sampled by the assembled capsid at cryogenic temperatures was mapped. Qualitatively, a remarkable agreement was observed for the experimental 13C/15N chemical shift distributions and those calculated from substructures along the MD trajectory. Residues that are mobile at physiological temperatures are frozen out in multiple conformers at cryogenic conditions, resulting in broad experimental and calculated chemical shift distributions. Overall, our results suggest that DNP MAS NMR measurements in combination with MD simulations facilitate a thorough understanding of the dynamic signatures of viral capsids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rupal Gupta
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Delaware , Newark , Delaware 19716 , United States
| | - Huilan Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Delaware , Newark , Delaware 19716 , United States
| | - Manman Lu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Delaware , Newark , Delaware 19716 , United States
| | - Guangjin Hou
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Delaware , Newark , Delaware 19716 , United States
| | - Marc Caporini
- Bruker Biospin Corporation , 15 Fortune Drive , Billerica , Massachusetts 01821 , United States
| | - Melanie Rosay
- Bruker Biospin Corporation , 15 Fortune Drive , Billerica , Massachusetts 01821 , United States
| | - Werner Maas
- Bruker Biospin Corporation , 15 Fortune Drive , Billerica , Massachusetts 01821 , United States
| | - Jochem Struppe
- Bruker Biospin Corporation , 15 Fortune Drive , Billerica , Massachusetts 01821 , United States
| | | | | | - Hartmut Oschkinat
- Leibniz-Institut für Molekulare Pharmakologie , Robert-Roessle-Str. 10 , 13125 Berlin , Germany
| | - Kristaps Jaudzems
- Centre de RMN à Très Hauts Champs , Institut des Sciences Analytiques, UMR 5280 CNRS / Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon , 5 Rue de la Doua , Villeurbanne, 69100 Lyon , France
| | - Emeline Barbet-Massin
- Centre de RMN à Très Hauts Champs , Institut des Sciences Analytiques, UMR 5280 CNRS / Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon , 5 Rue de la Doua , Villeurbanne, 69100 Lyon , France
| | - Lyndon Emsley
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimques , Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) CH-1015 Lausanne , Switzerland
| | - Guido Pintacuda
- Centre de RMN à Très Hauts Champs , Institut des Sciences Analytiques, UMR 5280 CNRS / Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon , 5 Rue de la Doua , Villeurbanne, 69100 Lyon , France
| | - Anne Lesage
- Centre de RMN à Très Hauts Champs , Institut des Sciences Analytiques, UMR 5280 CNRS / Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon , 5 Rue de la Doua , Villeurbanne, 69100 Lyon , France
| | | | - Tatyana Polenova
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Delaware , Newark , Delaware 19716 , United States
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40
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Liekniņa I, Kalniņš G, Akopjana I, Bogans J, Šišovs M, Jansons J, Rūmnieks J, Tārs K. Production and characterization of novel ssRNA bacteriophage virus-like particles from metagenomic sequencing data. J Nanobiotechnology 2019; 17:61. [PMID: 31084612 PMCID: PMC6513524 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-019-0497-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Protein shells assembled from viral coat proteins are an attractive platform for development of new vaccines and other tools such as targeted bioimaging and drug delivery agents. Virus-like particles (VLPs) derived from the single-stranded RNA (ssRNA) bacteriophage coat proteins (CPs) have been important and successful contenders in the area due to their simplicity and robustness. However, only a few different VLP types are available that put certain limitations on continued developments and expanded adaptation of ssRNA phage VLP technology. Metagenomic studies have been a rich source for discovering novel viral sequences, and in recent years have unraveled numerous ssRNA phage genomes significantly different from those known before. Here, we describe the use of ssRNA CP sequences found in metagenomic data to experimentally produce and characterize novel VLPs. Results Approximately 150 ssRNA phage CP sequences were sourced from metagenomic sequence data and grouped into 14 different clusters based on CP sequence similarity analysis. 110 CP-encoding sequences were obtained by gene synthesis and expressed in bacteria which in 80 cases resulted in VLP assembly. Production and purification of the VLPs was straightforward and compatible with established protocols, with the only exception that a considerable proportion of the CPs had to be produced at a lower temperature to ensure VLP assembly. The VLP morphology was similar to that of the previously studied phages, although a few deviations such as elongated or smaller particles were noted in certain cases. In addition, stabilizing inter-subunit disulfide bonds were detected in six VLPs and several possible candidate RNA structures in the phage genomes were identified that might bind to the coat protein and ensure specific RNA packaging. Conclusions Compared to the few types of ssRNA phage VLPs that were used before, several dozens of new particles representing ten distinct similarity groups are now available with a notable potential for biotechnological applications. It is believed that the novel VLPs described in this paper will provide the groundwork for future development of new vaccines and other applications based on ssRNA bacteriophage VLPs. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12951-019-0497-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilva Liekniņa
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Center, Rātsupītes 1, Riga, LV1067, Latvia
| | - Gints Kalniņš
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Center, Rātsupītes 1, Riga, LV1067, Latvia
| | - Ināra Akopjana
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Center, Rātsupītes 1, Riga, LV1067, Latvia
| | - Jānis Bogans
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Center, Rātsupītes 1, Riga, LV1067, Latvia
| | - Mihails Šišovs
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Center, Rātsupītes 1, Riga, LV1067, Latvia
| | - Juris Jansons
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Center, Rātsupītes 1, Riga, LV1067, Latvia
| | - Jānis Rūmnieks
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Center, Rātsupītes 1, Riga, LV1067, Latvia
| | - Kaspars Tārs
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Center, Rātsupītes 1, Riga, LV1067, Latvia.
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41
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Brune KD, Howarth M. New Routes and Opportunities for Modular Construction of Particulate Vaccines: Stick, Click, and Glue. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1432. [PMID: 29997617 PMCID: PMC6028521 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Vaccines based on virus-like particles (VLPs) can induce potent B cell responses. Some non-chimeric VLP-based vaccines are highly successful licensed products (e.g., hepatitis B surface antigen VLPs as a hepatitis B virus vaccine). Chimeric VLPs are designed to take advantage of the VLP framework by decorating the VLP with a different antigen. Despite decades of effort, there have been few licensed chimeric VLP vaccines. Classic approaches to create chimeric VLPs are either genetic fusion or chemical conjugation, using cross-linkers from lysine on the VLP to cysteine on the antigen. We describe the principles that make these classic approaches challenging, in particular for complex, full-length antigens bearing multiple post-translational modifications. We then review recent advances in conjugation approaches for protein-based non-enveloped VLPs or nanoparticles, to overcome such challenges. This includes the use of strong non-covalent assembly methods (stick), unnatural amino acids for bio-orthogonal chemistry (click), and spontaneous isopeptide bond formation by SpyTag/SpyCatcher (glue). Existing applications of these methods are outlined and we critically consider the key practical issues, with particular insight on Tag/Catcher plug-and-display decoration. Finally, we highlight the potential for modular particle decoration to accelerate vaccine generation and prepare for pandemic threats in human and veterinary realms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl D Brune
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Howarth
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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42
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Jaudzems K, Bertarello A, Chaudhari SR, Pica A, Cala-De Paepe D, Barbet-Massin E, Pell AJ, Akopjana I, Kotelovica S, Gajan D, Ouari O, Tars K, Pintacuda G, Lesage A. Dynamic Nuclear Polarization-Enhanced Biomolecular NMR Spectroscopy at High Magnetic Field with Fast Magic-Angle Spinning. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201801016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kristaps Jaudzems
- Univ Lyon, CNRS, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1; Ens Lyon; Institut des Sciences Analytiques, UMR 5280; 5 rue de la Doua F-69100 VILLEURBANNE France
| | - Andrea Bertarello
- Univ Lyon, CNRS, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1; Ens Lyon; Institut des Sciences Analytiques, UMR 5280; 5 rue de la Doua F-69100 VILLEURBANNE France
| | - Sachin R. Chaudhari
- Univ Lyon, CNRS, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1; Ens Lyon; Institut des Sciences Analytiques, UMR 5280; 5 rue de la Doua F-69100 VILLEURBANNE France
| | - Andrea Pica
- Department of Chemical Sciences; University of Naples Federico II; Via Cintia I-80126 Naples Italy
| | - Diane Cala-De Paepe
- Univ Lyon, CNRS, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1; Ens Lyon; Institut des Sciences Analytiques, UMR 5280; 5 rue de la Doua F-69100 VILLEURBANNE France
| | - Emeline Barbet-Massin
- Univ Lyon, CNRS, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1; Ens Lyon; Institut des Sciences Analytiques, UMR 5280; 5 rue de la Doua F-69100 VILLEURBANNE France
| | - Andrew J. Pell
- Univ Lyon, CNRS, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1; Ens Lyon; Institut des Sciences Analytiques, UMR 5280; 5 rue de la Doua F-69100 VILLEURBANNE France
- Present address: Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry; Arrhenius Laboratory; Stockholm University; Svante Arrhenius Väg 16 C SE-106 91 Stockholm Sweden
| | - Inara Akopjana
- Biomedical Research and Study Centre; Rātsupītes 1 LV1067 Riga Latvia
| | | | - David Gajan
- Univ Lyon, CNRS, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1; Ens Lyon; Institut des Sciences Analytiques, UMR 5280; 5 rue de la Doua F-69100 VILLEURBANNE France
| | - Olivier Ouari
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, ICR UMR 7273; 13397 Marseille cedex 20 France
| | - Kaspars Tars
- Biomedical Research and Study Centre; Rātsupītes 1 LV1067 Riga Latvia
| | - Guido Pintacuda
- Univ Lyon, CNRS, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1; Ens Lyon; Institut des Sciences Analytiques, UMR 5280; 5 rue de la Doua F-69100 VILLEURBANNE France
| | - Anne Lesage
- Univ Lyon, CNRS, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1; Ens Lyon; Institut des Sciences Analytiques, UMR 5280; 5 rue de la Doua F-69100 VILLEURBANNE France
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43
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Jaudzems K, Bertarello A, Chaudhari SR, Pica A, Cala-De Paepe D, Barbet-Massin E, Pell AJ, Akopjana I, Kotelovica S, Gajan D, Ouari O, Tars K, Pintacuda G, Lesage A. Dynamic Nuclear Polarization-Enhanced Biomolecular NMR Spectroscopy at High Magnetic Field with Fast Magic-Angle Spinning. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:7458-7462. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201801016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Revised: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kristaps Jaudzems
- Univ Lyon, CNRS, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1; Ens Lyon; Institut des Sciences Analytiques, UMR 5280; 5 rue de la Doua F-69100 VILLEURBANNE France
| | - Andrea Bertarello
- Univ Lyon, CNRS, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1; Ens Lyon; Institut des Sciences Analytiques, UMR 5280; 5 rue de la Doua F-69100 VILLEURBANNE France
| | - Sachin R. Chaudhari
- Univ Lyon, CNRS, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1; Ens Lyon; Institut des Sciences Analytiques, UMR 5280; 5 rue de la Doua F-69100 VILLEURBANNE France
| | - Andrea Pica
- Department of Chemical Sciences; University of Naples Federico II; Via Cintia I-80126 Naples Italy
| | - Diane Cala-De Paepe
- Univ Lyon, CNRS, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1; Ens Lyon; Institut des Sciences Analytiques, UMR 5280; 5 rue de la Doua F-69100 VILLEURBANNE France
| | - Emeline Barbet-Massin
- Univ Lyon, CNRS, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1; Ens Lyon; Institut des Sciences Analytiques, UMR 5280; 5 rue de la Doua F-69100 VILLEURBANNE France
| | - Andrew J. Pell
- Univ Lyon, CNRS, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1; Ens Lyon; Institut des Sciences Analytiques, UMR 5280; 5 rue de la Doua F-69100 VILLEURBANNE France
- Present address: Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry; Arrhenius Laboratory; Stockholm University; Svante Arrhenius Väg 16 C SE-106 91 Stockholm Sweden
| | - Inara Akopjana
- Biomedical Research and Study Centre; Rātsupītes 1 LV1067 Riga Latvia
| | | | - David Gajan
- Univ Lyon, CNRS, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1; Ens Lyon; Institut des Sciences Analytiques, UMR 5280; 5 rue de la Doua F-69100 VILLEURBANNE France
| | - Olivier Ouari
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, ICR UMR 7273; 13397 Marseille cedex 20 France
| | - Kaspars Tars
- Biomedical Research and Study Centre; Rātsupītes 1 LV1067 Riga Latvia
| | - Guido Pintacuda
- Univ Lyon, CNRS, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1; Ens Lyon; Institut des Sciences Analytiques, UMR 5280; 5 rue de la Doua F-69100 VILLEURBANNE France
| | - Anne Lesage
- Univ Lyon, CNRS, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1; Ens Lyon; Institut des Sciences Analytiques, UMR 5280; 5 rue de la Doua F-69100 VILLEURBANNE France
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Kryshtafovych A, Albrecht R, Baslé A, Bule P, Caputo AT, Carvalho AL, Chao KL, Diskin R, Fidelis K, Fontes CMGA, Fredslund F, Gilbert HJ, Goulding CW, Hartmann MD, Hayes CS, Herzberg O, Hill JC, Joachimiak A, Kohring GW, Koning RI, Lo Leggio L, Mangiagalli M, Michalska K, Moult J, Najmudin S, Nardini M, Nardone V, Ndeh D, Nguyen TH, Pintacuda G, Postel S, van Raaij MJ, Roversi P, Shimon A, Singh AK, Sundberg EJ, Tars K, Zitzmann N, Schwede T. Target highlights from the first post-PSI CASP experiment (CASP12, May-August 2016). Proteins 2018; 86 Suppl 1:27-50. [PMID: 28960539 PMCID: PMC5820184 DOI: 10.1002/prot.25392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Revised: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The functional and biological significance of the selected CASP12 targets are described by the authors of the structures. The crystallographers discuss the most interesting structural features of the target proteins and assess whether these features were correctly reproduced in the predictions submitted to the CASP12 experiment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andriy Kryshtafovych
- Genome Center, University of California, Davis, 451 Health Sciences Drive, Davis, California, 95616
| | - Reinhard Albrecht
- Department of Protein Evolution, Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology, Tübingen, 72076, Germany
| | - Arnaud Baslé
- Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, University of Newcastle, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, United Kingdom
| | - Pedro Bule
- CIISA - Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477, Portugal, Lisboa
| | - Alessandro T Caputo
- Oxford Glycobiology Institute, Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QU, England, United Kingdom
| | - Ana Luisa Carvalho
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Cien⁁cias e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Caparica, 2829-516, Portugal
| | - Kinlin L Chao
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, Rockville, Maryland, 20850
| | - Ron Diskin
- Department of Structural Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Krzysztof Fidelis
- Genome Center, University of California, Davis, 451 Health Sciences Drive, Davis, California, 95616
| | - Carlos M G A Fontes
- CIISA - Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477, Portugal, Lisboa
| | - Folmer Fredslund
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Harry J Gilbert
- Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, University of Newcastle, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, United Kingdom
| | - Celia W Goulding
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry/Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, 92697
| | - Marcus D Hartmann
- Department of Protein Evolution, Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology, Tübingen, 72076, Germany
| | - Christopher S Hayes
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology/Biomolecular Science and Engineering Program, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California, 93106
| | - Osnat Herzberg
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, Rockville, Maryland, 20850
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, 20742
| | - Johan C Hill
- Oxford Glycobiology Institute, Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QU, England, United Kingdom
| | - Andrzej Joachimiak
- Argonne National Laboratory, Midwest Center for Structural Genomics/Structural Biology Center, Biosciences Division, Argonne, Illinois, 60439
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, 60637
| | - Gert-Wieland Kohring
- Microbiology, Saarland University, Campus Building A1.5, Saarbrücken, Saarland, D-66123, Germany
| | - Roman I Koning
- Netherlands Centre for Electron Nanoscopy, Institute of Biology Leiden, Leiden University, 2333, CC Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Leila Lo Leggio
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Marco Mangiagalli
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milano, 20126, Italy
| | - Karolina Michalska
- Argonne National Laboratory, Midwest Center for Structural Genomics/Structural Biology Center, Biosciences Division, Argonne, Illinois, 60439
| | - John Moult
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular genetics, University of Maryland, 9600 Gudelsky Drive, Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, Rockville, Maryland, 20850
| | - Shabir Najmudin
- CIISA - Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477, Portugal, Lisboa
| | - Marco Nardini
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milano, Milano, 20133, Italy
| | - Valentina Nardone
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milano, Milano, 20133, Italy
| | - Didier Ndeh
- Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, University of Newcastle, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, United Kingdom
| | - Thanh-Hong Nguyen
- Department of Macromolecular Structures, Centro Nacional de Biotecnologia (CSIC), calle Darwin 3, Madrid, 28049, Spain
| | - Guido Pintacuda
- Université de Lyon, Centre de RMN à Très Hauts Champs, Institut des Sciences Analytiques (UMR 5280 - CNRS, ENS Lyon, UCB Lyon 1), Villeurbanne, 69100, France
| | - Sandra Postel
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, Institute of Human Virology, Baltimore, Maryland, 21201
| | - Mark J van Raaij
- Department of Macromolecular Structures, Centro Nacional de Biotecnologia (CSIC), calle Darwin 3, Madrid, 28049, Spain
| | - Pietro Roversi
- Oxford Glycobiology Institute, Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QU, England, United Kingdom
- Leicester Institute of Structural and Chemical Biology, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Leicester, Henry Wellcome Building, University Road, Leicester, LE1 7RN, UK
| | - Amir Shimon
- Department of Structural Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Abhimanyu K Singh
- School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent, CT2 7NJ, United Kingdom
| | - Eric J Sundberg
- Department of Medicine and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Institute of Human Virology, Baltimore, Maryland, 21201
| | - Kaspars Tars
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Center, Rātsupītes 1, Riga, LV1067, Latvia
- Faculty of Biology, Department of Molecular Biology, University of Latvia, Jelgavas 1, Riga, LV-1004, Latvia
| | - Nicole Zitzmann
- Oxford Glycobiology Institute, Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QU, England, United Kingdom
| | - Torsten Schwede
- Biozentrum/SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Klingelbergstrasse 50, Basel, 4056, Switzerland
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Quinn CM, Wang M, Polenova T. NMR of Macromolecular Assemblies and Machines at 1 GHz and Beyond: New Transformative Opportunities for Molecular Structural Biology. Methods Mol Biol 2018; 1688:1-35. [PMID: 29151202 PMCID: PMC6217836 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-7386-6_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
Abstract
As a result of profound gains in sensitivity and resolution afforded by ultrahigh magnetic fields, transformative applications in the fields of structural biology and materials science are being realized. The development of dual low temperature superconducting (LTS)/high-temperature superconducting (HTS) magnets has enabled the achievement of magnetic fields above 1 GHz (23.5 T), which will open doors to an unprecedented new range of applications. In this contribution, we discuss the promise of ultrahigh field magnetic resonance. We highlight several methodological developments pertinent at high-magnetic fields including measurement of 1H-1H distances and 1H chemical shift anisotropy in the solid state as well as studies of quadrupolar nuclei such as 17O. Higher magnetic fields have advanced heteronuclear detection in solution NMR, valuable for applications including metabolomics and disordered proteins, as well as expanded use of proton detection in the solid state in conjunction with ultrafast magic angle spinning. We also present several recent applications to structural studies of the AP205 bacteriophage, the M2 channel from Influenza A, and biomaterials such as human bone. Gains in sensitivity and resolution from increased field strengths will enable advanced applications of NMR spectroscopy including in vivo studies of whole cells and intact virions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin M Quinn
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, 036 Brown Laboratories, Newark, DE, 19716, USA
- Pittsburgh Center for HIV Protein Interactions, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 1051 Biomedical Science Tower 3, 3501 Fifth Ave, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | - Mingzhang Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, 036 Brown Laboratories, Newark, DE, 19716, USA
- Pittsburgh Center for HIV Protein Interactions, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 1051 Biomedical Science Tower 3, 3501 Fifth Ave, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | - Tatyana Polenova
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, 036 Brown Laboratories, Newark, DE, 19716, USA.
- Pittsburgh Center for HIV Protein Interactions, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 1051 Biomedical Science Tower 3, 3501 Fifth Ave, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA.
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46
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Cala-De Paepe D, Stanek J, Jaudzems K, Tars K, Andreas LB, Pintacuda G. Is protein deuteration beneficial for proton detected solid-state NMR at and above 100 kHz magic-angle spinning? SOLID STATE NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE 2017; 87:126-136. [PMID: 28802890 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssnmr.2017.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Revised: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
1H-detection in solid-state NMR of proteins has been traditionally combined with deuteration for both resolution and sensitivity reasons, with the optimal level of proton dilution being dependent on MAS rate. Here we present 1H-detected 15N and 13C CP-HSQC spectra on two microcrystalline samples acquired at 60 and 111 kHz MAS and at ultra-high field. We critically compare the benefits of three labeling schemes yielding different levels of proton content in terms of resolution, coherence lifetimes and feasibility of scalar-based 2D correlations under these experimental conditions. We observe unexpectedly high resolution and sensitivity of aromatic resonances in 2D 13C-1H correlation spectra of protonated samples. Ultrafast MAS reduces or even removes the necessity of 1H dilution for high-resolution 1H-detection in biomolecular solid-state NMR. It yields 15N,1H and 13C,1H fingerprint spectra of exceptional resolution for fully protonated samples, with notably superior 1H and 13C lineshapes for side-chain resonances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diane Cala-De Paepe
- Centre de RMN à Très Hauts Champs, Institut des Sciences Analytiques (UMR 5280 - CNRS, ENS Lyon, UCB Lyon 1), Université de Lyon, 5 rue de la Doua, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Jan Stanek
- Centre de RMN à Très Hauts Champs, Institut des Sciences Analytiques (UMR 5280 - CNRS, ENS Lyon, UCB Lyon 1), Université de Lyon, 5 rue de la Doua, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Kristaps Jaudzems
- Centre de RMN à Très Hauts Champs, Institut des Sciences Analytiques (UMR 5280 - CNRS, ENS Lyon, UCB Lyon 1), Université de Lyon, 5 rue de la Doua, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Kaspars Tars
- Biomedical Research and Study Centre, Rātsupītes 1, LV1067, Riga, Latvia
| | - Loren B Andreas
- Centre de RMN à Très Hauts Champs, Institut des Sciences Analytiques (UMR 5280 - CNRS, ENS Lyon, UCB Lyon 1), Université de Lyon, 5 rue de la Doua, 69100 Villeurbanne, France; Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Am Fassberg 11, D-37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Guido Pintacuda
- Centre de RMN à Très Hauts Champs, Institut des Sciences Analytiques (UMR 5280 - CNRS, ENS Lyon, UCB Lyon 1), Université de Lyon, 5 rue de la Doua, 69100 Villeurbanne, France.
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47
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Pumpens P, Renhofa R, Dishlers A, Kozlovska T, Ose V, Pushko P, Tars K, Grens E, Bachmann MF. The True Story and Advantages of RNA Phage Capsids as Nanotools. Intervirology 2016; 59:74-110. [DOI: 10.1159/000449503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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