1
|
Mohammadinasr M, Montazersaheb S, Ayromlou H, Hosseini V, Molavi O, Hejazi MS. Exosome Content-Mediated Signaling Pathways in Multiple Sclerosis. Mol Neurobiol 2024; 61:5404-5417. [PMID: 38191693 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03862-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
Exosomes are small extracellular vesicles with a complex lipid-bilayer surface and 30-150 nm diameter. These vesicles play a critical role in intercellular signaling networks during physiopathological processes through data trafficking and cell reprogramming. It has been demonstrated that exosomes are involved in a variety of central nervous system (CNS) disorders such as multiple sclerosis (MS). Exosome mediators' cell-to-cell communication is possibly by delivering their contents such as proteins, RNAs (coding and non-coding), DNAs (mitochondrial and genomic), and transposable elements to the target cells. Exosomal microRNAs (miRNAs) differ in their expression patterns in MS disease, thereby providing novel diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic options for better treatment of MS disease. Furthermore, these microvesicles are non-immunogenic and non-toxic therapeutic tools for transferring miRNAs across the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Collectively, exosomes could be used as novel drug delivery devices for the treatment of MS patients. This review summarized research regarding the exosomes from serum, plasma, PBMC, and other cells in MS patients and experimental models. We also provide a critical view of exosome content-mediated signaling pathways in MS, including TNF-α, TGF-β, NF-κB, and Wnt pathways. The use of exosomes as a therapeutic potential in MS has also been discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mina Mohammadinasr
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Soheila Montazersaheb
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hormoz Ayromlou
- Neuroscience Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Vahid Hosseini
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ommoleila Molavi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Saeid Hejazi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Mohammadinasr M, Montazersaheb S, Hosseini V, Kahroba H, Talebi M, Molavi O, Ayromlou H, Hejazi MS. Epstein-Barr virus-encoded BART9 and BART15 miRNAs are elevated in exosomes of cerebrospinal fluid from relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis patients. Cytokine 2024; 179:156624. [PMID: 38692184 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2024.156624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection is approved as the main environmental trigger of multiple sclerosis (MS). In this path, we quantified ebv-miR-BART9-3p and ebv-miR-BART15 in exosomes of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of untreated relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS) patients in comparison with the control group. Interestingly, patients displayed significant upregulation of ebv-miR-BART9-3p (18.4-fold) and ebv-miR-BART15 (3.1-fold) expression in CSF exosomes. Moreover, the expression levels of hsa-miR-21-5p and hsa-miR-146a-5p were found to be significantly elevated in the CSF samples obtained from the patient group compared to those obtained from the HC group. The levels of Interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-17 (IL-17), interleukin-23 (IL-23), transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) were observed to be significantly elevated in the serum and CSF exosomes of the patients. The highest increase was observed in TGF-β (8.5-fold), followed by IL-23 (3.9-fold) in CSF exosomes. These findings are in agreement with the association between EBV infection and inflammatory cytokines induction. Furthermore, the ratios of TGF-β: TNF-α and TGF-β: IFN-γ attained values of 4 to 16.4 and 1.3 to 3.6, respectively, in the CSF exosomes of the patients, in comparison to those of the control group. These findings show EBV activity in RRMS patients is different from that of healthy ones. Elevation of ebv-miR-BART9-3p, ebv-miR-BART15, and inflammatory cytokines expression in CSF exosomes in RRMS patients provides a substantial link between EBV activity and the onset of the disease, as well as the transition from EBV infection to MS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mina Mohammadinasr
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Biomedicine Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Soheila Montazersaheb
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Biomedicine Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Vahid Hosseini
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Biomedicine Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Houman Kahroba
- Department of Toxicogenomics, GROW School of Oncology and Development Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands; Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium.
| | - Mahnaz Talebi
- Neuroscience Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Ommoleila Molavi
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Biomedicine Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Hormoz Ayromlou
- Neuroscience Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Saeid Hejazi
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Biomedicine Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Hasaniani N, Nouri S, Shirzad M, Rostami-Mansoor S. Potential therapeutic and diagnostic approaches of exosomes in multiple sclerosis pathophysiology. Life Sci 2024; 347:122668. [PMID: 38670451 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Exosomes are bilayer lipid vesicles that are released by cells and contain proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids. They can be internalized by other cells, inducing inflammatory responses and instigating toxicities in the recipient cells. Exosomes can also serve as therapeutic vehicles by transporting protective cargo to maintain homeostasis. Multiple studies have shown that exosomes can initiate and participate in the regulation of neuroinflammation, improve neurogenesis, and are closely related to the pathogenesis of central nervous system (CNS) diseases, including multiple sclerosis (MS). Exosomes can be secreted by both neurons and glial cells in the CNS, and their contents change with disease occurrence. Due to their ability to penetrate the blood-brain barrier and their stability in peripheral fluids, exosomes are attractive biomarkers of CNS diseases. In recent years, exosomes have emerged as potential therapeutic agents for CNS diseases, including MS. However, the molecular pathways in the pathogenesis of MS are still unknown, and further research is needed to fully understand the role of exosomes in the occurrence or improvement of MS disease. Thereby, in this review, we intend to provide a more complete understanding of the pathways in which exosomes are involved and affect the occurrence or improvement of MS disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nima Hasaniani
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Sina Nouri
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Moein Shirzad
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Sahar Rostami-Mansoor
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Onkar A, Khan F, Goenka A, Rajendran RL, Dmello C, Hong CM, Mubin N, Gangadaran P, Ahn BC. Smart Nanoscale Extracellular Vesicles in the Brain: Unveiling their Biology, Diagnostic Potential, and Therapeutic Applications. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:6709-6742. [PMID: 38315446 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c16839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Information exchange is essential for the brain, where it communicates the physiological and pathological signals to the periphery and vice versa. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are a heterogeneous group of membrane-bound cellular informants actively transferring informative calls to and from the brain via lipids, proteins, and nucleic acid cargos. In recent years, EVs have also been widely used to understand brain function, given their "cell-like" properties. On the one hand, the presence of neuron and astrocyte-derived EVs in biological fluids have been exploited as biomarkers to understand the mechanisms and progression of multiple neurological disorders; on the other, EVs have been used in designing targeted therapies due to their potential to cross the blood-brain-barrier (BBB). Despite the expanding literature on EVs in the context of central nervous system (CNS) physiology and related disorders, a comprehensive compilation of the existing knowledge still needs to be made available. In the current review, we provide a detailed insight into the multifaceted role of brain-derived extracellular vesicles (BDEVs) in the intricate regulation of brain physiology. Our focus extends to the significance of these EVs in a spectrum of disorders, including brain tumors, neurodegenerative conditions, neuropsychiatric diseases, autoimmune disorders, and others. Throughout the review, parallels are drawn for using EVs as biomarkers for various disorders, evaluating their utility in early detection and monitoring. Additionally, we discuss the promising prospects of utilizing EVs in targeted therapy while acknowledging the existing limitations and challenges associated with their applications in clinical scenarios. A foundational comprehension of the current state-of-the-art in EV research is essential for informing the design of future studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Akanksha Onkar
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143, United States
| | - Fatima Khan
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
| | - Anshika Goenka
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Ramya Lakshmi Rajendran
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Crismita Dmello
- Department of Neurological Surgery and Northwestern Medicine Malnati Brain Tumor Institute of the Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
| | - Chae Moon Hong
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Nida Mubin
- Department of Medicine, The Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
| | - Prakash Gangadaran
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
- BK21 FOUR KNU Convergence Educational Program of Biomedical Sciences for Creative Future Talents, Department of Biomedical Science, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Byeong-Cheol Ahn
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
- BK21 FOUR KNU Convergence Educational Program of Biomedical Sciences for Creative Future Talents, Department of Biomedical Science, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Mattera V, Occhiuzzi F, Correale J, Pasquini JM. Remyelinating effect driven by transferrin-loaded extracellular vesicles. Glia 2024; 72:338-361. [PMID: 37860913 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are involved in diverse cellular functions, playing a significant role in cell-to-cell communication in both physiological conditions and pathological scenarios. Therefore, EVs represent a promising therapeutic strategy. Oligodendrocytes (OLs) are myelinating glial cells developed from oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) and damaged in chronic demyelinating diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS). Glycoprotein transferrin (Tf) plays a critical role in iron homeostasis and has pro-differentiating effects on OLs in vivo and in vitro. In the current work, we evaluated the use of EVs as transporters of Tf to the central nervous system (CNS) through the intranasal (IN) route. For the in vitro mechanistic studies, we used rat plasma EVs. Our results show that EVTf enter OPCs through clathrin-caveolae and cholesterol-rich lipid raft endocytic pathways, releasing the cargo and exerting a pro-maturation effect on OPCs. These effects were also observed in vivo using the animal model of demyelination induced by cuprizone (CPZ). In this model, IN administered Tf-loaded EVs isolated from mouse plasma reached the brain parenchyma, internalizing into OPCs, promoting their differentiation, and accelerating remyelination. Furthermore, in vivo experiments demonstrated that EVs protected the Tf cargo and significantly reduced the amount of Tf required to induce remyelination as compared to soluble Tf. Collectively, these findings unveil EVs as functional nanocarriers of Tf to induce remyelination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vanesa Mattera
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológica (IQUIFIB), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Federico Occhiuzzi
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológica (IQUIFIB), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Jorge Correale
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológica (IQUIFIB), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Departamento de Neurología, Fleni, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Juana M Pasquini
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológica (IQUIFIB), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Wies Mancini VSB, Mattera VS, Pasquini JM, Pasquini LA, Correale JD. Microglia-derived extracellular vesicles in homeostasis and demyelination/remyelination processes. J Neurochem 2024; 168:3-25. [PMID: 38055776 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.16011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Microglia (MG) play a crucial role as the predominant myeloid cells in the central nervous system and are commonly activated in multiple sclerosis. They perform essential functions under normal conditions, such as actively surveying the surrounding parenchyma, facilitating synaptic remodeling, engulfing dead cells and debris, and protecting the brain against infectious pathogens and harmful self-proteins. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are diverse structures enclosed by a lipid bilayer that originate from intracellular endocytic trafficking or the plasma membrane. They are released by cells into the extracellular space and can be found in various bodily fluids. EVs have recently emerged as a communication mechanism between cells, enabling the transfer of functional proteins, lipids, different RNA species, and even fragments of DNA from donor cells. MG act as both source and recipient of EVs. Consequently, MG-derived EVs are involved in regulating synapse development and maintaining homeostasis. These EVs also directly influence astrocytes, significantly increasing the release of inflammatory cytokines like IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α, resulting in a robust inflammatory response. Furthermore, EVs derived from inflammatory MG have been found to inhibit remyelination, whereas Evs produced by pro-regenerative MG effectively promote myelin repair. This review aims to provide an overview of the current understanding of MG-derived Evs, their impact on neighboring cells, and the cellular microenvironment in normal conditions and pathological states, specifically focusing on demyelination and remyelination processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- V S B Wies Mancini
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Cátedra de Química Biológica Patológica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas Prof. Dr. Alejandro C. Paladini, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - V S Mattera
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Cátedra de Química Biológica Patológica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas Prof. Dr. Alejandro C. Paladini, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - J M Pasquini
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Cátedra de Química Biológica Patológica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas Prof. Dr. Alejandro C. Paladini, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - L A Pasquini
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Cátedra de Química Biológica Patológica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas Prof. Dr. Alejandro C. Paladini, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - J D Correale
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Cátedra de Química Biológica Patológica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Departamento de Neurología, Fleni, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
van de Wakker SI, Bauzá‐Martinez J, Ríos Arceo C, Manjikian H, Snijders Blok CJB, Roefs MT, Willms E, Maas RGC, Pronker MF, de Jong OG, Wu W, Görgens A, El Andaloussi S, Sluijter JPG, Vader P. Size matters: Functional differences of small extracellular vesicle subpopulations in cardiac repair responses. J Extracell Vesicles 2024; 13:e12396. [PMID: 38179654 PMCID: PMC10767609 DOI: 10.1002/jev2.12396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Cardiac progenitor cell (CPC)-derived small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) exhibit great potential to stimulate cardiac repair. However, the multifaceted nature of sEV heterogeneity presents a challenge in understanding the distinct mechanisms underlying their regenerative abilities. Here, a dual-step multimodal flowthrough and size-exclusion chromatography method was applied to isolate and separate CPC-derived sEV subpopulations to study the functional differences related to cardiac repair responses. Three distinct sEV subpopulations were identified with unique protein profiles. Functional cell assays for cardiac repair-related processes demonstrated that the middle-sized and smallest-sized sEV subpopulations exhibited the highest pro-angiogenic and anti-fibrotic activities. Proteasome activity was uniquely seen in the smallest-sized subpopulation. The largest-sized subpopulation showed no effect in any of the functional assays. This research uncovers the existence of sEV subpopulations, each characterized by a distinct composition and biological function. Enhancing our understanding of sEV heterogeneity will provide valuable insights into sEV mechanisms of action, ultimately accelerating the translation of sEV therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simonides Immanuel van de Wakker
- Department of Experimental Cardiology, Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht, Circulatory health Research CenterUniversity Utrecht, University Medical Center UtrechtUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Julia Bauzá‐Martinez
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical SciencesUtrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Carla Ríos Arceo
- Department of Experimental Cardiology, Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht, Circulatory health Research CenterUniversity Utrecht, University Medical Center UtrechtUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Herak Manjikian
- Department of Experimental Cardiology, Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht, Circulatory health Research CenterUniversity Utrecht, University Medical Center UtrechtUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Christian Jamie Bernard Snijders Blok
- Department of Experimental Cardiology, Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht, Circulatory health Research CenterUniversity Utrecht, University Medical Center UtrechtUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Marieke Theodora Roefs
- Department of Experimental Cardiology, Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht, Circulatory health Research CenterUniversity Utrecht, University Medical Center UtrechtUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Eduard Willms
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular ScienceLa Trobe UniversityMelbourneAustralia
| | - Renee Goverdina Catharina Maas
- Department of Experimental Cardiology, Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht, Circulatory health Research CenterUniversity Utrecht, University Medical Center UtrechtUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Matti Feije Pronker
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical SciencesUtrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Olivier Gerrit de Jong
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS)Utrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Wei Wu
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical SciencesUtrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for ScienceTechnology and Research (A*STAR)SingaporeSingapore
- Department of PharmacyNational University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
| | - André Görgens
- Department of Laboratory MedicineKarolinska InstituteStockholm, HuddingeSweden
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital EssenUniversity of Duisburg‐EssenEssenGermany
| | - Samir El Andaloussi
- Department of Laboratory MedicineKarolinska InstituteStockholm, HuddingeSweden
| | - Joost Petrus Gerardus Sluijter
- Department of Experimental Cardiology, Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht, Circulatory health Research CenterUniversity Utrecht, University Medical Center UtrechtUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Pieter Vader
- Department of Experimental Cardiology, Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht, Circulatory health Research CenterUniversity Utrecht, University Medical Center UtrechtUtrechtThe Netherlands
- CDL ResearchUniversity Medical Center UtrechtUtrechtThe Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Illes Z, Jørgensen MM, Bæk R, Bente LM, Lauridsen JT, Hyrlov KH, Aboo C, Baumbach J, Kacprowski T, Cotton F, Guttmann CRG, Stensballe A. New Enhancing MRI Lesions Associate with IL-17, Neutrophil Degranulation and Integrin Microparticles: Multi-Omics Combined with Frequent MRI in Multiple Sclerosis. Biomedicines 2023; 11:3170. [PMID: 38137391 PMCID: PMC10740934 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11123170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Blood-barrier (BBB) breakdown and active inflammation are hallmarks of relapsing multiple sclerosis (RMS), but the molecular events contributing to the development of new lesions are not well explored. Leaky endothelial junctions are associated with increased production of endothelial-derived extracellular microvesicles (EVs) and result in the entry of circulating immune cells into the brain. MRI with intravenous gadolinium (Gd) can visualize acute blood-barrier disruption as the initial event of the evolution of new lesions. METHODS Here, weekly MRI with Gd was combined with proteomics, multiplex immunoassay, and endothelial stress-optimized EV array to identify early markers related to BBB disruption. Five patients with RMS with no disease-modifying treatment were monitored weekly using high-resolution 3T MRI scanning with intravenous gadolinium (Gd) for 8 weeks. Patients were then divided into three groups (low, medium, or high MRI activity) defined by the number of new, total, and maximally enhancing Gd-enhancing lesions and the number of new FLAIR lesions. Plasma samples taken at each MRI were analyzed for protein biomarkers of inflammation by quantitative proteomics, and cytokines using multiplex immunoassays. EVs were characterized with an optimized endothelial stress EV array based on exosome surface protein markers for the detection of soluble secreted EVs. RESULTS Proteomics analysis of plasma yielded quantitative information on 208 proteins at each patient time point (n = 40). We observed the highest number of unique dysregulated proteins (DEPs) and the highest functional enrichment in the low vs. high MRI activity comparison. Complement activation and complement/coagulation cascade were also strongly overrepresented in the low vs. high MRI activity comparison. Activation of the alternative complement pathway, pathways of blood coagulation, extracellular matrix organization, and the regulation of TLR and IGF transport were unique for the low vs. high MRI activity comparison as well, with these pathways being overrepresented in the patient with high MRI activity. Principal component analysis indicated the individuality of plasma profiles in patients. IL-17 was upregulated at all time points during 8 weeks in patients with high vs. low MRI activity. Hierarchical clustering of soluble markers in the plasma indicated that all four MRI outcomes clustered together with IL-17, IL-12p70, and IL-1β. MRI outcomes also showed clustering with EV markers CD62E/P, MIC A/B, ICAM-1, and CD42A. The combined cluster of these cytokines, EV markers, and MRI outcomes clustered also with IL-12p40 and IL-7. All four MRI outcomes correlated positively with levels of IL-17 (p < 0.001, respectively), and EV-ICAM-1 (p < 0.0003, respectively). IL-1β levels positively correlated with the number of new Gd-enhancing lesions (p < 0.01), new FLAIR lesions (p < 0.001), and total number of Gd-enhancing lesions (p < 0.05). IL-6 levels positively correlated with the number of new FLAIR lesions (p < 0.05). Random Forests and linear mixed models identified IL-17, CCL17/TARC, CCL3/MIP-1α, and TNF-α as composite biomarkers predicting new lesion evolution. CONCLUSIONS Combination of serial frequent MRI with proteome, neuroinflammation markers, and protein array data of EVs enabled assessment of temporal changes in inflammation and endothelial dysfunction in RMS related to the evolution of new and enhancing lesions. Particularly, the Th17 pathway and IL-1β clustered and correlated with new lesions and Gd enhancement, indicating their importance in BBB disruption and initiating acute brain inflammation in MS. In addition to the Th17 pathway, abundant protein changes between MRI activity groups suggested the role of EVs and the coagulation system along with innate immune responses including acute phase proteins, complement components, and neutrophil degranulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zsolt Illes
- Department of Neurology, Odense University Hospital, 5000 Odense, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense, Denmark
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense, Denmark
- Brain Research—Inter Disciplinary Guided Excellence (BRIDGE), University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense, Denmark
| | - Malene Møller Jørgensen
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Aalborg University Hospital, 9220 Aalborg, Denmark; (M.M.J.); (R.B.)
| | - Rikke Bæk
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Aalborg University Hospital, 9220 Aalborg, Denmark; (M.M.J.); (R.B.)
| | - Lisa-Marie Bente
- Division Data Science in Biomedicine, Peter L. Reichertz Institute for Medical Informatics of TU Braunschweig and Hannover Medical School, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany; (L.-M.B.); (T.K.)
- Braunschweig Integrated Centre for Systems Biology (BRICS), TU Braunschweig, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Jørgen T. Lauridsen
- Department of Business and Economics, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense, Denmark;
| | - Kirsten H. Hyrlov
- Department of Neurology, Odense University Hospital, 5000 Odense, Denmark
| | - Christopher Aboo
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, 9220 Aalborg, Denmark;
- Sino-Danish Center for Education and Research, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 101408 Beijing, China
| | - Jan Baumbach
- Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense, Denmark;
- Institute for Computational Systems Biology, University of Hamburg, 20148 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tim Kacprowski
- Division Data Science in Biomedicine, Peter L. Reichertz Institute for Medical Informatics of TU Braunschweig and Hannover Medical School, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany; (L.-M.B.); (T.K.)
- Braunschweig Integrated Centre for Systems Biology (BRICS), TU Braunschweig, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Francois Cotton
- Service de Radiologie, Centre Hospitalier Lyon-Sud, France/CREATIS, Université de Lyon, 69007 Lyon, France;
| | | | - Allan Stensballe
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, 9220 Aalborg, Denmark;
- Clinical Cancer Center, Aalborg University Hospital, 9220 Aalborg, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Guo M, Wang L, Yin Z, Chen F, Lei P. Small extracellular vesicles as potential theranostic tools in central nervous system disorders. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 167:115407. [PMID: 37683594 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Small extracellular vesicles(sEVs), a subset of extracellular vesicles with a bilateral membrane structure, contain biological cargoes, such as lipids, nucleic acids, and proteins. sEVs are crucial mediators of intercellular communications in the physiological and pathological processes of the central nervous system. Because of the special structure and complex pathogenesis of the brain, central nervous system disorders are characterized by high mortality and morbidity. Increasing evidence has focused on the potential of sEVs in clinical application for central nervous system disorders. sEVs are emerging as a promising diagnostic and therapeutic tool with high sensitivity, low immunogenicity, superior safety profile, and high transfer efficiency. This review highlighted the development of sEVs in central nervous system disorder clinical application. We also outlined the role of sEVs in central nervous system disorders and discussed the limitations of sEVs in clinical translation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mengtian Guo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Lu Wang
- Department of Geriatrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China; Tianjin Geriatrics Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhenyu Yin
- Department of Geriatrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China; Tianjin Geriatrics Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | | | - Ping Lei
- Department of Geriatrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China; Tianjin Geriatrics Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Zhang S, Yang Y, Lv X, Liu W, Zhu S, Wang Y, Xu H. Unraveling the Intricate Roles of Exosomes in Cardiovascular Diseases: A Comprehensive Review of Physiological Significance and Pathological Implications. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15677. [PMID: 37958661 PMCID: PMC10650316 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Exosomes, as potent intercellular communication tools, have garnered significant attention due to their unique cargo-carrying capabilities, which enable them to influence diverse physiological and pathological functions. Extensive research has illuminated the biogenesis, secretion, and functions of exosomes. These vesicles are secreted by cells in different states, exerting either protective or harmful biological functions. Emerging evidence highlights their role in cardiovascular disease (CVD) by mediating comprehensive interactions among diverse cell types. This review delves into the significant impacts of exosomes on CVD under stress and disease conditions, including coronary artery disease (CAD), myocardial infarction, heart failure, and other cardiomyopathies. Focusing on the cellular signaling and mechanisms, we explore how exosomes mediate multifaceted interactions, particularly contributing to endothelial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and apoptosis in CVD pathogenesis. Additionally, exosomes show great promise as biomarkers, reflecting differential expressions of NcRNAs (miRNAs, lncRNAs, and circRNAs), and as therapeutic carriers for targeted CVD treatment. However, the specific regulatory mechanisms governing exosomes in CVD remain incomplete, necessitating further exploration of their characteristics and roles in various CVD-related contexts. This comprehensive review aims to provide novel insights into the biological implications of exosomes in CVD and offer innovative perspectives on the diagnosis and treatment of CVD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Ying Wang
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China; (S.Z.); (Y.Y.); (X.L.); (W.L.); (S.Z.)
| | - Hongfei Xu
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China; (S.Z.); (Y.Y.); (X.L.); (W.L.); (S.Z.)
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
van de Wakker SI, Meijers FM, Sluijter JPG, Vader P. Extracellular Vesicle Heterogeneity and Its Impact for Regenerative Medicine Applications. Pharmacol Rev 2023; 75:1043-1061. [PMID: 37280097 DOI: 10.1124/pharmrev.123.000841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are cell-derived membrane-enclosed particles that are involved in physiologic and pathologic processes. EVs are increasingly being studied for therapeutic applications in the field of regenerative medicine. Therapeutic application of stem cell-derived EVs has shown great potential to stimulate tissue repair. However, the exact mechanisms through which they induce this effect have not been fully clarified. This may to a large extent be attributed to a lack of knowledge on EV heterogeneity. Recent studies suggest that EVs represent a heterogeneous population of vesicles with distinct functions. The heterogeneity of EVs can be attributed to differences in their biogenesis, and as such, they can be classified into distinct populations that can then be further subcategorized into various subpopulations. A better understanding of EV heterogeneity is crucial for elucidating their mechanisms of action in tissue regeneration. This review provides an overview of the latest insights on EV heterogeneity related to tissue repair, including the different characteristics that contribute to such heterogeneity and the functional differences among EV subtypes. It also sheds light on the challenges that hinder clinical translation of EVs. Additionally, innovative EV isolation techniques for studying EV heterogeneity are discussed. Improved knowledge of active EV subtypes would promote the development of tailored EV therapies and aid researchers in the translation of EV-based therapeutics to the clinic. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Within this review we discuss the differences in regenerative properties of extracellular vesicle (EV) subpopulations and implications of EV heterogeneity for development of EV-based therapeutics. We aim to provide new insights into which aspects are leading to heterogeneity in EV preparations and stress the importance of EV heterogeneity studies for clinical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simonides Immanuel van de Wakker
- Department of Experimental Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, The Netherlands (S.I.V.D.W., F.M.M., J.P.G.S., P.V.) and CDL Research, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands (P.V.)
| | - Fleur Michelle Meijers
- Department of Experimental Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, The Netherlands (S.I.V.D.W., F.M.M., J.P.G.S., P.V.) and CDL Research, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands (P.V.)
| | - Joost Petrus Gerardus Sluijter
- Department of Experimental Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, The Netherlands (S.I.V.D.W., F.M.M., J.P.G.S., P.V.) and CDL Research, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands (P.V.)
| | - Pieter Vader
- Department of Experimental Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, The Netherlands (S.I.V.D.W., F.M.M., J.P.G.S., P.V.) and CDL Research, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands (P.V.)
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Zhiguo F, Ji W, Shenyuan C, Guoyou Z, Chen K, Hui Q, Wenrong X, Zhai X. A swift expanding trend of extracellular vesicles in spinal cord injury research: a bibliometric analysis. J Nanobiotechnology 2023; 21:289. [PMID: 37612689 PMCID: PMC10463993 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-023-02051-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) in the field of spinal cord injury (SCI) have garnered significant attention for their potential applications in diagnosis and therapy. However, no bibliometric assessment has been conducted to evaluate the scientific progress in this area. A search of articles in Web of Science (WoS) from January 1, 1991, to May 1, 2023, yielded 359 papers that were analyzed using various online analysis tools. These articles have been cited 10,842 times with 30.2 times per paper. The number of publications experienced explosive growth starting in 2015. China and the United States led this research initiative. Keywords were divided into 3 clusters, including "Pathophysiology of SCI", "Bioactive components of EVs", and "Therapeutic effects of EVs in SCI". By integrating the average appearing year (AAY) of keywords in VoSviewer with the time zone map of the Citation Explosion in CiteSpace, the focal point of research has undergone a transformative shift. The emphasis has moved away from pathophysiological factors such as "axon", "vesicle", and "glial cell" to more mechanistic and applied domains such as "activation", "pathways", "hydrogels" and "therapy". In conclusions, institutions are expected to allocate more resources towards EVs-loaded hydrogel therapy and the utilization of innovative materials for injury mitigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fan Zhiguo
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Wu Ji
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Chen Shenyuan
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine of Jiangsu Province, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Zhang Guoyou
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Kai Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Shanghai, 200433, China.
| | - Qian Hui
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine of Jiangsu Province, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China.
| | - Xu Wenrong
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine of Jiangsu Province, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China.
| | - Xiao Zhai
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Shanghai, 200433, China.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Palacio PL, Pleet ML, Reátegui E, Magaña SM. Emerging role of extracellular vesicles in multiple sclerosis: From cellular surrogates to pathogenic mediators and beyond. J Neuroimmunol 2023; 377:578064. [PMID: 36934525 PMCID: PMC10124134 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2023.578064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a chronic, inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS) driven by a complex interplay of genetic and environmental factors. While the therapeutic arsenal has expanded significantly for management of relapsing forms of MS, treatment of individuals with progressive MS is suboptimal. This treatment inequality is in part due to an incomplete understanding of pathomechanisms at different stages of the disease-underscoring the critical need for new biomarkers. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) and their bioactive cargo have emerged as endogenous nanoparticles with great theranostic potential-as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers and ultimately as therapeutic candidates for precision nanotherapeutics. The goals of this review are to: 1) summarize the current data investigating the role of EVs and their bioactive cargo in MS pathogenesis, 2) provide a high level overview of advances and challenges in EV isolation and characterization for translational studies, and 3) conclude with future perspectives on this evolving field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paola Loreto Palacio
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neurology, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Michelle L Pleet
- Viral Immunology Section, Neuroimmunology Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Eduardo Reátegui
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Setty M Magaña
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neurology, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Abdelsalam M, Ahmed M, Osaid Z, Hamoudi R, Harati R. Insights into Exosome Transport through the Blood-Brain Barrier and the Potential Therapeutical Applications in Brain Diseases. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:571. [PMID: 37111328 PMCID: PMC10144189 DOI: 10.3390/ph16040571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Drug delivery to the central nervous system (CNS) is limited due to the presence of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), a selective physiological barrier located at the brain microvessels that regulates the flow of cells, molecules and ions between the blood and the brain. Exosomes are nanosized extracellular vesicles expressed by all cell types and that function as cargos, allowing for communication between the cells. The exosomes were shown to cross or regulate the BBB in healthy and disease conditions. However, the mechanistic pathways by which exosomes cross the BBB have not been fully elucidated yet. In this review, we explore the transport mechanisms of exosomes through the BBB. A large body of evidence suggests that exosome transport through the BBB occurs primarily through transcytosis. The transcytosis mechanisms are influenced by several regulators. Inflammation and metastasis also enhance exosome trafficking across the BBB. We also shed light on the therapeutical applications of exosomes for treating brain diseases. Further investigations are essential to provide clearer insights related to trafficking of exosomes across the BBB and disease treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manal Abdelsalam
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Pharmacotherapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 27272, United Arab Emirates; (M.A.); (M.A.); (Z.O.)
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Munazza Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Pharmacotherapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 27272, United Arab Emirates; (M.A.); (M.A.); (Z.O.)
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Zaynab Osaid
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Pharmacotherapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 27272, United Arab Emirates; (M.A.); (M.A.); (Z.O.)
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Rifat Hamoudi
- Clinical Sciences Department, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 27272, United Arab Emirates;
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London W1W 7EJ, UK
| | - Rania Harati
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Pharmacotherapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 27272, United Arab Emirates; (M.A.); (M.A.); (Z.O.)
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 27272, United Arab Emirates
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Izquierdo-Altarejos P, Martínez-García M, Felipo V. Extracellular vesicles from hyperammonemic rats induce neuroinflammation in hippocampus and impair cognition in control rats. Cell Mol Life Sci 2023; 80:90. [PMID: 36922433 PMCID: PMC11072842 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-023-04750-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
Patients with liver cirrhosis show hyperammonemia and peripheral inflammation and may show hepatic encephalopathy with cognitive impairment, reproduced by rats with chronic hyperammonemia. Peripheral inflammation induces neuroinflammation in hippocampus of hyperammonemic rats, altering neurotransmission and leading to cognitive impairment. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) may transmit pathological effects from the periphery to the brain. We hypothesized that EVs from peripheral blood would contribute to cognitive alterations in hyperammonemic rats. The aims were to assess whether EVs from plasma of hyperammonemic rats (HA-EVs) induce cognitive impairment and to identify the underlying mechanisms. Injection of HA-EVs impaired learning and memory, induced microglia and astrocytes activation and increased TNFα and IL-1β. Ex vivo incubation of hippocampal slices from control rats with HA-EVs reproduced these alterations. HA-EVs increased membrane expression of TNFR1, reduced membrane expression of TGFβR2 and Smad7 and IκBα levels and increased IκBα phosphorylation. This led to increased activation of NF-κB and IL-1β production, altering membrane expression of NR2B, GluA1 and GluA2 subunits, which would be responsible for cognitive impairment. All these effects of HA-EVs were prevented by blocking TNFα, indicating that they were mediated by enhanced activation of TNFR1 by TNFα. We show that these mechanisms are very different from those leading to motor incoordination, which is due to altered GABAergic neurotransmission in cerebellum. This demonstrates that peripheral EVs play a key role in the transmission of peripheral alterations to the brain in hyperammonemia and hepatic encephalopathy, inducing neuroinflammation and altering neurotransmission in hippocampus, which in turn is responsible for the cognitive deficits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paula Izquierdo-Altarejos
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Centro de Investigacion Príncipe Felipe, Eduardo Primo-Yufera 3, 46012, Valencia, Spain
| | - Mar Martínez-García
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Centro de Investigacion Príncipe Felipe, Eduardo Primo-Yufera 3, 46012, Valencia, Spain
| | - Vicente Felipo
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Centro de Investigacion Príncipe Felipe, Eduardo Primo-Yufera 3, 46012, Valencia, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Zamboni S, D'Ambrosio A, Margutti P. Extracellular vesicles as contributors in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2023; 71:104554. [PMID: 36842311 DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2023.104554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are a heterogeneous family of extracellular structures bounded by a phospholipid bilayer, released by all cell types in various biological fluids, such as blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), playing important roles in intercellular communication, both locally and systemically. EVs carry and deliver a variety of bioactive molecules (proteins, nucleic acids, lipids and metabolites), conferring epigenetic and phenotypic changes to the recipient cells and thus resulting as important mediators of both homeostasis and pathogenesis. In neurological diseases, such as multiple sclerosis (MS), the EV ability to cross Blood-Brain Barrier (BBB), moving from central nervous system (CNS) to the peripheral circulation and vice versa, has increased the interest in EV study in the neurological field. In the present review, we will provide an overview of the recent advances made in understanding the pathogenic role of EVs regarding the immune response, the BBB dysfunction and the CNS inflammatory processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Zamboni
- Department of Neurosciences, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Paola Margutti
- Department of Neurosciences, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Xia X, Wang Y, Zheng JC. Extracellular vesicles, from the pathogenesis to the therapy of neurodegenerative diseases. Transl Neurodegener 2022; 11:53. [PMID: 36510311 PMCID: PMC9743667 DOI: 10.1186/s40035-022-00330-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are small bilipid layer-enclosed vesicles that can be secreted by all tested types of brain cells. Being a key intercellular communicator, EVs have emerged as a key contributor to the pathogenesis of various neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and Huntington's disease through delivery of bioactive cargos within the central nervous system (CNS). Importantly, CNS cell-derived EVs can be purified via immunoprecipitation, and EV cargos with altered levels have been identified as potential biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of NDs. Given the essential impact of EVs on the pathogenesis of NDs, pathological EVs have been considered as therapeutic targets and EVs with therapeutic effects have been utilized as potential therapeutic agents or drug delivery platforms for the treatment of NDs. In this review, we focus on recent research progress on the pathological roles of EVs released from CNS cells in the pathogenesis of NDs, summarize findings that identify CNS-derived EV cargos as potential biomarkers to diagnose NDs, and comprehensively discuss promising potential of EVs as therapeutic targets, agents, and drug delivery systems in treating NDs, together with current concerns and challenges for basic research and clinical applications of EVs regarding NDs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohuan Xia
- grid.24516.340000000123704535Center for Translational Neurodegeneration and Regenerative Therapy, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072 China ,Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Nanocatalytic Medicine, 200331 Shanghai, China ,grid.419897.a0000 0004 0369 313XKey Laboratory of Spine and Spinal cord Injury Repair and Regeneration (Tongji University), Ministry of Education, 200065 Shanghai, China ,grid.24516.340000000123704535Translational Research Institute of Brain and Brain-Like Intelligence, Shanghai Fourth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 200434 Shanghai, China ,grid.412793.a0000 0004 1799 5032Center for Translational Neurodegeneration and Regenerative Therapy, Tongji Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200065 China
| | - Yi Wang
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Nanocatalytic Medicine, 200331 Shanghai, China ,grid.24516.340000000123704535Translational Research Center, Shanghai Yangzhi Rehabilitation Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 201613 China ,grid.24516.340000000123704535Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Tongji University, 200092 Shanghai, China
| | - Jialin C. Zheng
- grid.24516.340000000123704535Center for Translational Neurodegeneration and Regenerative Therapy, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072 China ,Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Nanocatalytic Medicine, 200331 Shanghai, China ,grid.419897.a0000 0004 0369 313XKey Laboratory of Spine and Spinal cord Injury Repair and Regeneration (Tongji University), Ministry of Education, 200065 Shanghai, China ,grid.24516.340000000123704535Translational Research Institute of Brain and Brain-Like Intelligence, Shanghai Fourth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 200434 Shanghai, China ,grid.24516.340000000123704535Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Tongji University, 200092 Shanghai, China ,grid.412793.a0000 0004 1799 5032Center for Translational Neurodegeneration and Regenerative Therapy, Tongji Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200065 China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Komlakh K, Aghamiri SH, Farshadmoghadam H. The role and therapeutic applications of exosomes in multiple sclerosis disease. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2022; 49:1249-1256. [PMID: 35918850 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.13710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
A range of the central nervous system (CNS) and immune cells are affected by multiple sclerosis (MS), a complex autoimmune disease of the CNS. Chronic neuroinflammation, demyelination, and neuronal death are all features of MS, but the disease's molecular mechanisms are unknown. Exosomes are small, membrane-bound extracellular vesicles with a crucial role in cell communication. They are stable in biological fluids and emerge from the cell membrane during endocytic internalization. It might be possible to recognize better the mechanisms involved in the development and progress of illnesses by understanding the variety of exosomal contents and their associated targets, like neurologic disorders. In this review, we sought to bring together important data on the biology of exosomes in MS and highlight discoveries on these nanoparticles' prognostic, diagnostic and therapeutic potential.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Khalil Komlakh
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Hossein Aghamiri
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Farshadmoghadam
- Department of Pediatrics, Children Growth Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Karami Fath M, Azami J, Jaafari N, Akbari Oryani M, Jafari N, Karim poor A, Azargoonjahromi A, Nabi-Afjadi M, Payandeh Z, Zalpoor H, Shanehbandi D. Exosome application in treatment and diagnosis of B-cell disorders: leukemias, multiple sclerosis, and arthritis rheumatoid. Cell Mol Biol Lett 2022; 27:74. [PMID: 36064322 PMCID: PMC9446857 DOI: 10.1186/s11658-022-00377-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosomes, known as a type of extracellular vesicles (EVs), are lipid particles comprising heterogeneous contents such as nucleic acids, proteins, and DNA. These bi-layered particles are naturally released into the extracellular periphery by a variety of cells such as neoplastic cells. Given that exosomes have unique properties, they can be used as vectors and carriers of biological and medicinal particles like drugs for delivering to the desired areas. The proteins and RNAs being encompassed by the circulating exosomes in B-cell malignancies are deemed as the promising sources for diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers, as well as therapeutic agents. Exosomes can also provide a "snapshot" view of the tumor and metastatic landscape at any particular time. Further, clinical research has shown that exosomes are produced by immune cells such as dendritic cells can stimulate the immune system, so these exosomes can be used in antitumor vaccines. Despite the great potential of exosomes in the fields of diagnostic and treatment, further studies are in need for these purposes to reach a convergence notion. This review highlights the applications of exosomes in multiple immune-related diseases, including chronic lymphocytic leukemia, multiple sclerosis, and arthritis rheumatoid, as well as explaining sundry aspects of exosome therapy and the function of exosomes in diagnosing diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Karami Fath
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Jalil Azami
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Niloofar Jaafari
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahsa Akbari Oryani
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Nafiseh Jafari
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Science, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | | | - Mohsen Nabi-Afjadi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Science, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Payandeh
- Department Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Division Medical Inflammation Research, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
- Immunology Research center, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hamidreza Zalpoor
- Shiraz Neuroscience Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy & Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education & Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Dariush Shanehbandi
- Department Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Division Medical Inflammation Research, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
- Immunology Research center, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Mycko MP, Zurawska AE, Selmaj I, Selmaj KW. Impact of Diminished Expression of circRNA on Multiple Sclerosis Pathomechanisms. Front Immunol 2022; 13:875994. [PMID: 35720271 PMCID: PMC9203966 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.875994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Circular RNA (circRNA) molecules represent a novel and unique class of endogenous non-coding RNAs controlling the expression and function of microRNA (miRNA) and post-transcriptional regulation. Recent studies implicated circRNA in the pathomechanism of multiple sclerosis (MS). Hybridization microarray was used to define the circRNA profile in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from 20 untreated patients with relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS: 10 in relapse, 10 in remission) and 10 healthy controls (HCs). We analyzed close to 14,000 individual circRNAs per sample. The discovery set data were validated using quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) with an independent cohort of 45 RRMS patients (18 in relapse, 27 in remission) and 27 HCs. Microarray analysis revealed 246 circRNAs differentially downregulated (P < 0.05) in RRMS patients versus HCs. We validated two circRNAs of the three showing the lowest levels of differential expression in the RRMS remission group versus the HC group: hsa_circRNA_101145 and hsa_circRNA_001896. Their expression was significantly decreased during remission in RRMS (P = 0.0000332, FC = 0.385 and P = 0.0455, FC = 0.591, respectively) and in patients showing a lower level of disability (hsa_circRNA_101145, P = 0.0695; hsa_circRNA_001896, P = 0.0008). Bioinformatic analysis revealed 10 miRNAs interacting with these circRNAs in a complementary manner and led to the discovery of three protein-coding mRNAs downregulated in patients with RRMS during remission. These transcripts have been previously implicated in oxidative stress, blood-brain barrier permeability, microglia function, and extracellular matrix molecules altering the microenvironment and inhibiting oligodendrocyte progenitor cells. circRNAs displayed a distinct profile in PBMCs from patients with RRMS, and our results may implicate circRNAs with low expression in important mechanistic pathways of RRMS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marcin P Mycko
- Department of Neurology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Anna E Zurawska
- Department of Neurology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland
| | | | - Krzysztof W Selmaj
- Department of Neurology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland.,Center of Neurology, Lodz, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Multiple sclerosis (MS) is highly heterogenic disorder with respect to clinical course, diagnosis, and treatment response. There is an urgent need to search for simply and reliable fluid body biomarker which would assist the diagnosis and prediction of clinical and treatment prognosis. RECENT FINDINGS 'Traditional' MS biomarkers, with exception of cerebrospinal fluid oligoclonal bands, still are having limited clinical value. Therefore, there is growing interest in novel molecules and ingredients. The most robust results have been generated with regard to cerebrospinal fluid and serum levels of neurofilament light chains (NfL). However, there are still some limitations related to specificity of NfL which delays its use in everyday practice. We present a new approach to search for biomarkers involving extracellular RNA, particularly microRNA (miRNA), and small extracellular vesicles. MiRNA represents an important molecular mechanism influencing gene expression, including those involved in MS pathogenesis and extracellular vesicles transfer multiple cargo, including myelin molecules from parental cells of central nervous system to the long-distance targets. SUMMARY MiRNAs which control gene expression in cells involved in autoimmune processes in MS as well as extracellular vesicles transferring myelin content might generate a new promising categories of biomarkers of MS.
Collapse
|
22
|
Jan Z, Mollazadeh S, Abnous K, Taghdisi SM, Danesh A, Ramezani M, Alibolandi M. Targeted Delivery Platforms for the Treatment of Multiple Sclerosis. Mol Pharm 2022; 19:1952-1976. [PMID: 35501974 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.1c00892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a neurodegenerative condition of the central nervous system (CNS) that presents with varying levels of disability in patients, displaying the significance of timely and effective management of this complication. Though several treatments have been developed to protect nerves, comprehensive improvement of MS is still considered an essential bottleneck. Therefore, the development of innovative treatment methods for MS is one of the core research areas. In this regard, nanoscale platforms can offer practical and ideal approaches to the diagnosis and treatment of various diseases, especially immunological disorders such as MS, to improve the effectiveness of conventional therapies. It should be noted that there is significant progress in the development of neuroprotective strategies through the implementation of various nanoparticles, monoclonal antibodies, peptides, and aptamers. In this study, we summarize different particle systems as well as targeted therapies, such as antibodies, peptides, nucleic acids, and engineered cells for the treatment of MS, and discuss their potential in the treatment of MS in the preclinical and clinical stages. Future advances in targeted delivery of medical supplies may offer new strategies for complete recovery as well as practical treatment of progressive forms of MS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zeinab Jan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Science, 7GJP+VPQ Mashhad, Iran
| | - Samaneh Mollazadeh
- Natural Products and Medicinal Plants Research Center, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, F82C+G8V Bojnurd, Iran
| | - Khalil Abnous
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, 7GJP+VPQ Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyed Mohammad Taghdisi
- Targeted Drug Delivery Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, 7GJP+VPQ Mashhad, Iran
| | - Abolghasem Danesh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Science, 7GJP+VPQ Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ramezani
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, 7GJP+VPQ Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mona Alibolandi
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, 7GJP+VPQ Mashhad, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Peripheral blood lymphocyte phenotypes in Alzheimer and Parkinson's diseases. NEUROLOGÍA (ENGLISH EDITION) 2022; 37:110-121. [PMID: 35279225 DOI: 10.1016/j.nrleng.2018.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Neuroinflammation is involved in the pathophysiology of various neurological disorders, in particular Alzheimer disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD). Alterations in the blood-brain barrier may allow peripheral blood lymphocytes to enter the central nervous system; these may participate in disease pathogenesis. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the peripheral blood lymphocyte profiles of patients with AD and PD and their association with the disease and its progression. METHODS The study included 20 patients with AD, 20 with PD, and a group of healthy individuals. Ten of the patients with AD and 12 of those with PD were evaluated a second time 17 to 27 months after the start of the study. Lymphocyte subpopulations and their activation status were determined by flow cytometry. All patients underwent neurological examinations using internationally validated scales. RESULTS Compared to healthy individuals, patients with AD and PD showed significantly higher levels of activated lymphocytes, lymphocytes susceptible to apoptosis, central memory T cells, and regulatory T and B cells. As the diseases progressed, there was a significant decrease in activated cells (CD4+ CD38+ and CD8+ CD38+ in PD and AD, CD4+ CD69+ and CD8+ CD69+ in PD), T cells susceptible to apoptosis, and some regulatory populations (CD19+ CD5+ IL10+ in PD and AD, CD19+ CD5+ IL10+ FoxP3+, CD4+ FoxP3+ CD25+ CD45RO+ in PD). In patients with AD, disease progression was associated with lower percentages of CD4+ CD38+ cells and higher percentages of effector CD4 cells at the beginning of the study. Significant differences were observed between both diseases. CONCLUSIONS This study provides evidence of changes in peripheral blood lymphocyte phenotypes associated with AD and PD and their severity. Considering effective blood-brain communication, our results open new avenues of research into immunomodulation therapies to treat these diseases.
Collapse
|
24
|
Garfias S, Tamaya Domínguez B, Toledo Rojas A, Arroyo M, Rodríguez U, Boll C, Sosa AL, Sciutto E, Adalid-Peralta L, Martinez López Y, Fragoso G, Fleury A. Peripheral blood lymphocyte phenotypes in Alzheimer and Parkinson's diseases. Neurologia 2022; 37:110-121. [PMID: 30871733 DOI: 10.1016/j.nrl.2018.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Revised: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Neuroinflammation is involved in the pathophysiology of various neurological disorders, in particular Alzheimer disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD). Alterations in the blood-brain barrier may allow peripheral blood lymphocytes to enter the central nervous system; these may participate in disease pathogenesis. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the peripheral blood lymphocyte profiles of patients with AD and PD and their association with the disease and its progression. METHODS The study included 20 patients with AD, 20 with PD, and a group of healthy individuals. Ten of the patients with AD and 12 of those with PD were evaluated a second time 17 to 27 months after the start of the study. Lymphocyte subpopulations and their activation status were determined by flow cytometry. All patients underwent neurological examinations using internationally validated scales. RESULTS Compared to healthy individuals, patients with AD and PD showed significantly higher levels of activated lymphocytes, lymphocytes susceptible to apoptosis, central memory T cells, and regulatory T and B cells. As the diseases progressed, there was a significant decrease in activated cells (CD4+ CD38+ and CD8+ CD38 + in PD and AD, CD4+ CD69+ and CD8+ CD69+ in PD), T cells susceptible to apoptosis, and some regulatory populations (CD19+ CD5+ IL10+ in PD and AD, CD19+ CD5+ IL10+ FoxP3+, CD4+ FoxP3+ CD25+ CD45RO+ in PD). In patients with AD, disease progression was associated with lower percentages of CD4+ CD38+ cells and higher percentages of effector CD4 cells at the beginning of the study. Significant differences were observed between both diseases. CONCLUSIONS This study provides evidence of changes in peripheral blood lymphocyte phenotypes associated with AD and PD and their severity. Considering effective blood-brain communication, our results open new avenues of research into immunomodulation therapies to treat these diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Garfias
- Unidad de Neuroinflamación, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas-Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM)/Facultad de Medicina-UNAM/Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Ciudad de México, México
| | - B Tamaya Domínguez
- Unidad de Neuroinflamación, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas-Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM)/Facultad de Medicina-UNAM/Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Ciudad de México, México
| | - A Toledo Rojas
- Unidad de Neuroinflamación, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas-Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM)/Facultad de Medicina-UNAM/Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Ciudad de México, México
| | - M Arroyo
- Unidad de Neuroinflamación, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas-Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM)/Facultad de Medicina-UNAM/Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Ciudad de México, México
| | - U Rodríguez
- Clínica de Parkinson, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Secretaría de Salud, Ciudad de México, México
| | - C Boll
- Clínica de Parkinson, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Secretaría de Salud, Ciudad de México, México
| | - A L Sosa
- Clínica de Demencia, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Secretaría de Salud, Ciudad de México, México
| | - E Sciutto
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, UNAM, Ciudad de México, México
| | - L Adalid-Peralta
- Unidad de Neuroinflamación, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas-Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM)/Facultad de Medicina-UNAM/Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Y Martinez López
- Unidad de Neuroinflamación, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas-Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM)/Facultad de Medicina-UNAM/Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Ciudad de México, México
| | - G Fragoso
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, UNAM, Ciudad de México, México
| | - A Fleury
- Unidad de Neuroinflamación, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas-Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM)/Facultad de Medicina-UNAM/Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Ciudad de México, México.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Mahmoudi A, Butler AE, Jamialahmadi T, Sahebkar A. The role of exosomal miRNA in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. J Cell Physiol 2022; 237:2078-2094. [PMID: 35137416 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) impacts more than one-third of the population and is linked with other metabolic diseases. The term encompasses a wide spectrum of diseases, from modest steatosis to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, fibrosis and, ultimately, cirrhosis with the potential for development of hepatocellular carcinoma. Currently, available methods for diagnosing NAFLD are invasive or lack accuracy, and monitoring to determine response to therapeutic interventions is challenging. Exosomes are nano-scaled extracellular vesicles that are secreted by a variety of cells. They convey proteins, mRNA, miRNA, and other bioactive molecules between cells and are involved in an extensive range of biological processes, particularly cell-cell communication. Several reports suggest that exosomes mediate miRNAs and, thus, they have potential clinical utility for diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutics in liver diseases. In view of the vital role of exosomal microRNA in disease, we here synthesized current knowledge about the biogenesis of exosomal miRNA and exosome-mediated microRNA transfer. We then discuss the potential of exosomal miRNA in diagnosis and therapeutics of NAFLD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Mahmoudi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Nanotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Tannaz Jamialahmadi
- Surgical Oncology Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,School of Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia.,Department of Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Clark KC, Wang D, Kumar P, Mor S, Kulubya E, Lazar S, Wang A. The Molecular Mechanisms Through Which Placental Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Promote Myelin Regeneration. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2022; 6:e2101099. [PMID: 35023637 PMCID: PMC9225676 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202101099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a debilitating degenerative disease characterized by an immunological attack on the myelin sheath leading to demyelination and axon degeneration. Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) and secreted extracellular vesicles (EVs) have become attractive targets as therapies to treat neurodegenerative diseases such as MS due to their potent immunomodulatory and regenerative properties. The placenta is a unique source of MSCs (PMSCs), demonstrates "fetomaternal" tolerance during pregnancy, and serves as a novel source of MSCs for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. PMSCs and PMSC-EVs have been shown to promote remyelination in animal models of MS, however, the molecular mechanisms by which modulation of autoimmunity and promotion of myelination occurs have not been well elucidated. The current review will address the molecular mechanisms by which PMSC-EVs can promote remyelination in MS.
Collapse
|
27
|
Xia X, Wang Y, Qin Y, Zhao S, Zheng JC. Exosome: A novel neurotransmission modulator or non-canonical neurotransmitter? Ageing Res Rev 2022; 74:101558. [PMID: 34990846 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2021.101558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Neurotransmission is the electrical impulse-triggered propagation of signals between neurons or between neurons and other cell types such as skeletal muscle cells. Recent studies point out the involvement of exosomes, a type of small bilipid layer-enclosed extracellular vesicles, in regulating neurotransmission. Through horizontally transferring proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids, exosomes can modulate synaptic activities rapidly by controlling neurotransmitter release or progressively by regulating neural plasticity including synapse formation, neurite growth & removal, and axon guidance & elongation. In this review, we summarize the similarities and differences between exosomes and synaptic vesicles in their biogenesis, contents, and release. We also highlight the recent progress made in demonstrating the biological roles of exosome in regulating neurotransmission, and propose a modified model of neurotransmission, in which exosomes act as novel neurotransmitters. Lastly, we provide a comprehensive discussion of the enlightenment of the current knowledge on neurotransmission to the future directions of exosome research.
Collapse
|
28
|
Cuomo-Haymour N, Bergamini G, Russo G, Kulic L, Knuesel I, Martin R, Huss A, Tumani H, Otto M, Pryce CR. Differential Expression of Serum Extracellular Vesicle miRNAs in Multiple Sclerosis: Disease-Stage Specificity and Relevance to Pathophysiology. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031664. [PMID: 35163583 PMCID: PMC8836256 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS). Its first clinical presentation (clinically isolated syndrome, CIS) is often followed by the development of relapsing–remitting MS (RRMS). The periphery-to-CNS transmission of inflammatory molecules is a major pathophysiological pathway in MS. This could include signalling via extracellular vesicle (EV) microRNAs (miRNAs). In this study, we investigated the serum EV miRNome in CIS and RRMS patients and matched controls, with the aims to identify MS stage-specific differentially expressed miRNAs and investigate their biomarker potential and pathophysiological relevance. miRNA sequencing was conducted on serum EVs from CIS-remission, RRMS-relapse, and viral inflammatory CNS disorder patients, as well as from healthy and hospitalized controls. Differential expression analysis was conducted, followed by predictive power and target-pathway analysis. A moderate number of dysregulated serum EV miRNAs were identified in CIS-remission and RRMS-relapse patients, especially relative to healthy controls. Some of these miRNAs were also differentially expressed between the two MS stages and had biomarker potential for patient-control and CIS–RRMS separations. For the mRNA targets of the RRMS-relapse-specific EV miRNAs, biological processes inherent to MS pathophysiology were identified using in silico analysis. Study findings demonstrate that specific serum EV miRNAs have MS stage-specific biomarker potential and contribute to the identification of potential targets for novel, efficacious therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nagiua Cuomo-Haymour
- Preclinical Laboratory for Translational Research into Affective Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric Hospital, University of Zurich, 8008 Zurich, Switzerland
- Neuroscience Center Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Giorgio Bergamini
- Preclinical Laboratory for Translational Research into Affective Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric Hospital, University of Zurich, 8008 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Giancarlo Russo
- Functional Genomics Centre Zurich, University of Zurich and Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Luka Kulic
- Roche Innovation Center Basel, Neuroimmunology Division, Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, 4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Irene Knuesel
- Roche Innovation Center Basel, Neuroimmunology Division, Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, 4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Roland Martin
- Neuroimmunology and MS Research, Neurology Clinic, University Hospital Zurich, 8006 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - André Huss
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Hayrettin Tumani
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Markus Otto
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Halle, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Christopher R Pryce
- Preclinical Laboratory for Translational Research into Affective Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric Hospital, University of Zurich, 8008 Zurich, Switzerland
- Neuroscience Center Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Cuomo-Haymour N, Sigrist H, Ineichen C, Russo G, Nüesch U, Gantenbein F, Kulic L, Knuesel I, Bergamini G, Pryce CR. Evidence for Effects of Extracellular Vesicles on Physical, Inflammatory, Transcriptome and Reward Behaviour Status in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031028. [PMID: 35162951 PMCID: PMC8835024 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune-inflammatory activation impacts extracellular vesicles (EVs), including their miRNA cargo. There is evidence for changes in the EV miRNome in inflammation-associated neuropsychiatric disorders. This mouse study investigated: (1) effects of systemic lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and chronic social stress (CSS) on plasma EV miRNome; and (2) physiological, transcriptional, and behavioural effects of peripheral or central delivered LPS-activated EVs in recipient mice. LPS or CSS effects on the plasma EV miRNome were assessed by using microRNA sequencing. Recipient mice received plasma EVs isolated from LPS-treated or SAL-treated donor mice or vehicle only, either intravenously or into the nucleus accumbens (NAc), on three consecutive days. Bodyweight, spleen or NAc transcriptome and reward (sucrose) motivation were assessed. LPS and CSS increased the expression of 122 and decreased expression of 20 plasma EV miRNAs, respectively. Peripheral LPS-EVs reduced bodyweight, and both LPS-EVs and SAL-EVs increased spleen expression of immune-relevant genes. NAc-infused LPS-EVs increased the expression of 10 immune-inflammatory genes. Whereas motivation increased similarly across test days in all groups, the effect of test days was more pronounced in mice that received peripheral or central LPS-EVs compared with other groups. This study provides causal evidence that increased EV levels impact physiological and behavioural processes and are of potential relevance to neuropsychiatric disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nagiua Cuomo-Haymour
- Preclinical Laboratory for Translational Research into Affective Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics Psychiatric Hospital, University of Zurich, 8008 Zurich, Switzerland; (N.C.-H.); (H.S.); (C.I.); (G.B.)
- Neuroscience Center Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Hannes Sigrist
- Preclinical Laboratory for Translational Research into Affective Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics Psychiatric Hospital, University of Zurich, 8008 Zurich, Switzerland; (N.C.-H.); (H.S.); (C.I.); (G.B.)
| | - Christian Ineichen
- Preclinical Laboratory for Translational Research into Affective Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics Psychiatric Hospital, University of Zurich, 8008 Zurich, Switzerland; (N.C.-H.); (H.S.); (C.I.); (G.B.)
| | - Giancarlo Russo
- Functional Genomics Centre Zurich, University of Zurich and Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland;
| | - Ursina Nüesch
- Paediatric Immunology, University Children’s Hospital Zurich, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland;
| | - Felix Gantenbein
- Zurich Integrative Rodent Physiology, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland;
| | - Luka Kulic
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, 4070 Basel, Switzerland; (L.K.); (I.K.)
| | - Irene Knuesel
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, 4070 Basel, Switzerland; (L.K.); (I.K.)
| | - Giorgio Bergamini
- Preclinical Laboratory for Translational Research into Affective Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics Psychiatric Hospital, University of Zurich, 8008 Zurich, Switzerland; (N.C.-H.); (H.S.); (C.I.); (G.B.)
| | - Christopher Robert Pryce
- Preclinical Laboratory for Translational Research into Affective Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics Psychiatric Hospital, University of Zurich, 8008 Zurich, Switzerland; (N.C.-H.); (H.S.); (C.I.); (G.B.)
- Neuroscience Center Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +41-(0)44-634-89-21
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Iparraguirre L, Alberro A, Hansen TB, Castillo-Triviño T, Muñoz-Culla M, Otaegui D. Profiling of Plasma Extracellular Vesicle Transcriptome Reveals That circRNAs Are Prevalent and Differ between Multiple Sclerosis Patients and Healthy Controls. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9121850. [PMID: 34944665 PMCID: PMC8698468 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9121850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are released by most cell types and are implicated in several biological and pathological processes, including multiple sclerosis (MS). Differences in the number and cargo of plasma-derived EVs have been described in MS. In this work, we have characterised the EV RNA cargo of MS patients, with particular attention to circular RNAs (circRNAs), which have attracted increasing attention for their roles in physiology and disease and their biomarker potential. (2) Methods: Plasma-derived EVs were isolated by differential centrifugation (20 patients, 8 controls), and RNA-Sequencing was used to identify differentially expressed linear and circRNAs. (3) Results: We found differences in the RNA type distribution, circRNAs being enriched in EVs vs. leucocytes. We found a number of (corrected p-value < 0.05) circRNA significantly DE between the groups. Nevertheless, highly structured circRNAs are preferentially retained in leukocytes. Differential expression analysis reports significant differences in circRNA and linear RNA expression between MS patients and controls, as well as between different MS types. (4) Conclusions: Plasma derived EV RNA cargo is not a representation of leukocytes’ cytoplasm but a message worth studying. Moreover, our results reveal the interest of circRNAs as part of this message, highlighting the importance of further understanding RNA regulation in MS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leire Iparraguirre
- Multiple Sclerosis Unit, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, 20014 San Sebastián, Spain; (L.I.); (A.A.); (T.C.-T.)
| | - Ainhoa Alberro
- Multiple Sclerosis Unit, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, 20014 San Sebastián, Spain; (L.I.); (A.A.); (T.C.-T.)
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Thomas B. Hansen
- Molecular Biology and Genetics Department, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark;
| | - Tamara Castillo-Triviño
- Multiple Sclerosis Unit, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, 20014 San Sebastián, Spain; (L.I.); (A.A.); (T.C.-T.)
- Spanish Network of Multiple Sclerosis, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Neurology Department, Donostia University Hospital, 20014 San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Maider Muñoz-Culla
- Multiple Sclerosis Unit, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, 20014 San Sebastián, Spain; (L.I.); (A.A.); (T.C.-T.)
- Spanish Network of Multiple Sclerosis, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Basic Psychological Processes and Their Development, University of the Basque Country, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain
- Correspondence: (M.M.-C.); (D.O.); Tel.: +34-943-01-52-18 (M.M.-C.); +34-943-00-62-93 (D.O.)
| | - David Otaegui
- Multiple Sclerosis Unit, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, 20014 San Sebastián, Spain; (L.I.); (A.A.); (T.C.-T.)
- Spanish Network of Multiple Sclerosis, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Correspondence: (M.M.-C.); (D.O.); Tel.: +34-943-01-52-18 (M.M.-C.); +34-943-00-62-93 (D.O.)
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Sidoryk-Węgrzynowicz M, Dąbrowska-Bouta B, Sulkowski G, Strużyńska L. Nanosystems and exosomes as future approaches in treating multiple sclerosis. Eur J Neurosci 2021; 54:7377-7404. [PMID: 34561918 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an immune-mediated demyelinating disease of the central nervous system which leads to neurological dysfunctions and severe disabilities. MS pathology is characterised by damage of the blood-brain barrier and infiltration of autoreactive T cells that overactivate glial cells, thereby initiating neuroinflammation accompanied by the formation of demyelinating plaques and neurodegeneration. Clinical deficits in this multifactorial disease depend on the progression of myelin loss, the stage of inflammation, the status of axons and the activity of oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs). Despite significant progress in the treatment of MS, current therapies remain limited and new approaches are highly desirable. Nanosystems based on liposomes and nanoparticles are among some of the more noteworthy therapeutic strategies being investigated. Applications of nanosystems alone or as drug carriers in animal models of MS have been found to successfully alleviate the symptoms of the disease and exert anti-inflammatory potential. Exosomes are a specific type of nanosystem based on nanometre-sized extracellular vesicles released by different cells which exhibit important healing features. Exosomes contain an array of anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective agents which may contribute to modulation of the immune system as well as promoting remyelination and tissue repair. In this review, opportunities to use nanosystems against progression of MS will be discussed in context of cell-specific pathologies associated with MS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marta Sidoryk-Węgrzynowicz
- Laboratory of Pathoneurochemistry, Department of Neurochemistry, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Beata Dąbrowska-Bouta
- Laboratory of Pathoneurochemistry, Department of Neurochemistry, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Sulkowski
- Laboratory of Pathoneurochemistry, Department of Neurochemistry, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Lidia Strużyńska
- Laboratory of Pathoneurochemistry, Department of Neurochemistry, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Zurawska AE, Mycko MP, Selmaj I, Raine CS, Selmaj KW. Multiple Sclerosis: circRNA Profile Defined Reveals Links to B-Cell Function. NEUROLOGY-NEUROIMMUNOLOGY & NEUROINFLAMMATION 2021; 8:8/5/e1041. [PMID: 34385287 PMCID: PMC8382489 DOI: 10.1212/nxi.0000000000001041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Background and Objectives To investigate the total circular RNA (circRNA) profile in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) and healthy controls (HCs). Methods Hybridization microarray was used to define the circRNA profile in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from 20 untreated patients with RRMS (10 in relapse and 10 in remission) and 10 HCs. We analyzed close to 14,000 individual circRNAs per sample. The discovery set data were validated using quantitative reverse transcription-PCR with an independent cohort of 47 patients with RRMS (19 in relapse and 28 in remission) and 27 HCs. Results Microarray analysis revealed 914 transcripts to be differentially expressed between patients with RRMS in relapse and HCs (p < 0.05). We validated 3 circRNAs from 5 showing highest levels of differential expression in the RRMS relapse vs HC group: hsa_circRNA_101348, hsa_circRNA_102611, and hsa_circRNA_104361. Their expression was significantly increased during relapse in RRMS (p = 0.0002, FC = 2.9; p = 0.01, FC = 1.6; and p = 0.001, FC = 1.5, respectively) and in patients showing gadolinium enhancement on brain MRI (hsa_circRNA_101348, p = 0.0039, FC = 2.4; hsa_circRNA_104361, p = 0.029, FC = 1.7). Bioinformatic analysis revealed 15 microRNAs interacting with these circRNAs in a complementary manner and led to the discovery and validation of 3 protein-coding RNAs upregulated in patients with RRMS during relapse. Two of these, AK2 and IKZF3, have previously been implicated in B-cell function. Discussion circRNAs display a distinct profile in PBMCs from patients with RRMS, and our results may implicate circRNA in the known disturbed B-cell activity in RRMS and thus represent a novel biomarker for monitoring relapse activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna E Zurawska
- From the Department of Neurology (A.E.Z., M.P.M., K.W.S.), University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn; Center for Neurology (I.S., K.W.S.), Lodz; and Albert Einstein College of Medicine (C.S.R.), Department of Pathology (Neuropathology), Bronx, NY
| | - Marcin P Mycko
- From the Department of Neurology (A.E.Z., M.P.M., K.W.S.), University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn; Center for Neurology (I.S., K.W.S.), Lodz; and Albert Einstein College of Medicine (C.S.R.), Department of Pathology (Neuropathology), Bronx, NY
| | - Igor Selmaj
- From the Department of Neurology (A.E.Z., M.P.M., K.W.S.), University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn; Center for Neurology (I.S., K.W.S.), Lodz; and Albert Einstein College of Medicine (C.S.R.), Department of Pathology (Neuropathology), Bronx, NY.
| | - Cedric S Raine
- From the Department of Neurology (A.E.Z., M.P.M., K.W.S.), University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn; Center for Neurology (I.S., K.W.S.), Lodz; and Albert Einstein College of Medicine (C.S.R.), Department of Pathology (Neuropathology), Bronx, NY
| | - Krzysztof W Selmaj
- From the Department of Neurology (A.E.Z., M.P.M., K.W.S.), University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn; Center for Neurology (I.S., K.W.S.), Lodz; and Albert Einstein College of Medicine (C.S.R.), Department of Pathology (Neuropathology), Bronx, NY.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Gelibter S, Pisa M, Croese T, Finardi A, Mandelli A, Sangalli F, Colombo B, Martinelli V, Comi G, Filippi M, Furlan R. Spinal Fluid Myeloid Microvesicles Predict Disease Course in Multiple Sclerosis. Ann Neurol 2021; 90:253-265. [PMID: 34216397 DOI: 10.1002/ana.26154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In vivo measures of myeloid activity are promising biomarkers in multiple sclerosis. We previously demonstrated that cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) myeloid microvesicles are markers of microglial/macrophage activity and neuroinflammation in multiple sclerosis. Here, we aimed at investigating the diagnostic and prognostic value of myeloid microvesicles in a clinical setting. METHODS Six hundred one patients discharged with a diagnosis of neuroinflammatory, neurodegenerative, or no neurological disease were enrolled. Myeloid microvesicles were measured with flow cytometry as isolectin B4-positive events in fresh CSF. Clinical, demographical, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data were collected at diagnosis (all patients) and during follow-up (n = 176). RESULTS CSF myeloid microvesicles were elevated in neuroinflammatory patients compared to the neurodegenerative and control groups. In multiple sclerosis, microvesicles were higher in patients with MRI disease activity and their concentration increased along with the number of enhancing lesions (p < 0.0001, Jonckheere-Terpstra test). CSF myeloid microvesicles were also higher in patients with higher disease activity in the month and year preceding diagnosis. Microvesicles excellently discriminated between the relapsing-remitting and control groups (receiver operator characteristic curve, area under the curve = 0.939, p < 0.0001) and between radiologically isolated syndrome and unspecific brain lesions (0.942, p < 0.0001). Furthermore, microvesicles were independent predictors of prognosis for both the relapsing-remitting and progressive groups. Microvesicles independently predicted future disease activity in relapsing-remitting patients (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.967, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.147-3.372), correcting for prognostic factors of standard clinical use. In the progressive group, microvesicles were independent predictors of disability accrual (HR = 10.767, 95% CI = 1.335-86.812). INTERPRETATION Our results confirm that CSF myeloid microvesicles are a clinically meaningful biomarker of neuroinflammation and microglial/macrophage activity in vivo. These findings may support a possible use in clinical practice during diagnostic workup and prognostic assessment. ANN NEUROL 2021;90:253-265.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Gelibter
- Neurology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.,Clinical Neuroimmunology Unit, Division of Neuroscience, Institute of Experimental Neurology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Pisa
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Tommaso Croese
- Clinical Neuroimmunology Unit, Division of Neuroscience, Institute of Experimental Neurology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.,Department of Neurobiology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Annamaria Finardi
- Clinical Neuroimmunology Unit, Division of Neuroscience, Institute of Experimental Neurology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandra Mandelli
- Clinical Neuroimmunology Unit, Division of Neuroscience, Institute of Experimental Neurology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Bruno Colombo
- Neurology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | - Massimo Filippi
- Neurology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.,Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy.,Neuroimaging Research Unit, Institute of Experimental Neurology, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.,Neurophysiology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.,Neurorehabilitation Unit, IRCCS, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Roberto Furlan
- Clinical Neuroimmunology Unit, Division of Neuroscience, Institute of Experimental Neurology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Extracellular Vesicles in Multiple Sclerosis: Role in the Pathogenesis and Potential Usefulness as Biomarkers and Therapeutic Tools. Cells 2021; 10:cells10071733. [PMID: 34359903 PMCID: PMC8303489 DOI: 10.3390/cells10071733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Although extracellular vesicles (EVs) were initially relegated to a waste disposal role, nowadays, they have gained multiple fundamental functions working as messengers in intercellular communication as well as exerting active roles in physiological and pathological processes. Accumulating evidence proves the involvement of EVs in many diseases, including those of the central nervous system (CNS), such as multiple sclerosis (MS). Indeed, these membrane-bound particles, produced in any type of cell, carry and release a vast range of bioactive molecules (nucleic acids, proteins, and lipids), conferring genotypic and phenotypic changes to the recipient cell. This means that not only EVs per se but their content, especially, could reveal new candidate disease biomarkers and/or therapeutic agents. This review is intended to provide an overview regarding current knowledge about EVs’ involvement in MS, analyzing the potential versatility of EVs as a new therapeutic tool and source of biomarkers.
Collapse
|
35
|
Hwang HS, Kim H, Han G, Lee JW, Kim K, Kwon IC, Yang Y, Kim SH. Extracellular Vesicles as Potential Therapeutics for Inflammatory Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:5487. [PMID: 34067503 PMCID: PMC8196952 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EV) deliver cargoes such as nucleic acids, proteins, and lipids between cells and serve as an intercellular communicator. As it is revealed that most of the functions associated to EVs are closely related to the immune response, the important role of EVs in inflammatory diseases is emerging. EVs can be functionalized through EV surface engineering and endow targeting moiety that allows for the target specificity for therapeutic applications in inflammatory diseases. Moreover, engineered EVs are considered as promising nanoparticles to develop personalized therapeutic carriers. In this review, we highlight the role of EVs in various inflammatory diseases, the application of EV as anti-inflammatory therapeutics, and the current state of the art in EV engineering techniques.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hee Sook Hwang
- Center for Theragnosis, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Korea; (H.S.H.); (H.K.); (G.H.); (J.W.L.); (K.K.); (I.C.K.)
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea
| | - Hyosuk Kim
- Center for Theragnosis, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Korea; (H.S.H.); (H.K.); (G.H.); (J.W.L.); (K.K.); (I.C.K.)
| | - Geonhee Han
- Center for Theragnosis, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Korea; (H.S.H.); (H.K.); (G.H.); (J.W.L.); (K.K.); (I.C.K.)
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Jong Won Lee
- Center for Theragnosis, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Korea; (H.S.H.); (H.K.); (G.H.); (J.W.L.); (K.K.); (I.C.K.)
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Kwangmeyung Kim
- Center for Theragnosis, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Korea; (H.S.H.); (H.K.); (G.H.); (J.W.L.); (K.K.); (I.C.K.)
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Ick Chan Kwon
- Center for Theragnosis, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Korea; (H.S.H.); (H.K.); (G.H.); (J.W.L.); (K.K.); (I.C.K.)
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Yoosoo Yang
- Center for Theragnosis, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Korea; (H.S.H.); (H.K.); (G.H.); (J.W.L.); (K.K.); (I.C.K.)
| | - Sun Hwa Kim
- Center for Theragnosis, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Korea; (H.S.H.); (H.K.); (G.H.); (J.W.L.); (K.K.); (I.C.K.)
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Xia X, Yuan P, Liu Y, Wang Y, Cao W, Zheng JC. Emerging roles of extracellular vesicles in COVID-19, a double-edged sword? Immunology 2021; 163:416-430. [PMID: 33742451 PMCID: PMC8251486 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The sudden outbreak of SARS‐CoV‐2‐infected disease (COVID‐19), initiated from Wuhan, China, has rapidly grown into a global pandemic. Emerging evidence has implicated extracellular vesicles (EVs), a key intercellular communicator, in the pathogenesis and treatment of COVID‐19. In the pathogenesis of COVID‐19, cells that express ACE2 and CD9 can transfer these viral receptors to other cells via EVs, making recipient cells more susceptible for SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. Once infected, cells release EVs packaged with viral particles that further facilitate viral spreading and immune evasion, aggravating COVID‐19 and its complications. In contrast, EVs derived from stem cells, especially mesenchymal stromal/stem cells, alleviate severe inflammation (cytokine storm) and repair damaged lung cells in COVID‐19 by delivery of anti‐inflammatory molecules. These therapeutic beneficial EVs can also be engineered into drug delivery platforms or vaccines to fight against COVID‐19. Therefore, EVs from diverse sources exhibit distinct effects in regulating viral infection, immune response, and tissue damage/repair, functioning as a double‐edged sword in COVID‐19. Here, we summarize the recent progress in understanding the pathological roles of EVs in COVID‐19. A comprehensive discussion of the therapeutic effects/potentials of EVs is also provided.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohuan Xia
- Center for Translational Neurodegeneration and Regenerative Therapy, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Translational Research Institute of Brain and Brain-Like Intelligence, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ping Yuan
- Department of Cardio-Pulmonary Circulation, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yihan Liu
- Department of Cardio-Pulmonary Circulation, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Center for Translational Neurodegeneration and Regenerative Therapy, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Translational Research Institute of Brain and Brain-Like Intelligence, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Weijun Cao
- Department of Cardio-Pulmonary Circulation, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jialin C Zheng
- Center for Translational Neurodegeneration and Regenerative Therapy, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Translational Research Institute of Brain and Brain-Like Intelligence, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Marostica G, Gelibter S, Gironi M, Nigro A, Furlan R. Extracellular Vesicles in Neuroinflammation. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 8:623039. [PMID: 33553161 PMCID: PMC7858658 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.623039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are a heterogenous group of membrane-bound particles that play a pivotal role in cell–cell communication, not only participating in many physiological processes, but also contributing to the pathogenesis of several diseases. The term EVs defines many and different vesicles based on their biogenesis and release pathway, including exosomes, microvesicles (MVs), and apoptotic bodies. However, their classification, biological function as well as protocols for isolation and detection are still under investigation. Recent evidences suggest the existence of novel subpopulations of EVs, increasing the degree of heterogeneity between EV types and subtypes. EVs have been shown to have roles in the CNS as biomarkers and vehicles of drugs and other therapeutic molecules. They are known to cross the blood brain barrier, allowing CNS EVs to be detectable in peripheral fluids, and their cargo may give information on parental cells and the pathological process they are involved in. In this review, we summarize the knowledge on the function of EVs in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS) and discuss recent evidences for their potential applications as diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Marostica
- Division of Neuroscience, Institute of Experimental Neurology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefano Gelibter
- Division of Neuroscience, Institute of Experimental Neurology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Maira Gironi
- Division of Neuroscience, Institute of Experimental Neurology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Annamaria Nigro
- Division of Neuroscience, Institute of Experimental Neurology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Roberto Furlan
- Division of Neuroscience, Institute of Experimental Neurology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
The Role of Extracellular Vesicles in Demyelination of the Central Nervous System. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21239111. [PMID: 33266211 PMCID: PMC7729475 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21239111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
It is being increasingly demonstrated that extracellular vesicles (EVs) are deeply involved in the physiology of the central nervous system (CNS). Processes such as synaptic activity, neuron-glia communication, myelination and immune response are modulated by EVs. Likewise, these vesicles may participate in many pathological processes, both as triggers of disease or, on the contrary, as mechanisms of repair. EVs play relevant roles in neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer’s or Parkinson’s diseases, in viral infections of the CNS and in demyelinating pathologies such as multiple sclerosis (MS). This review describes the involvement of these membrane vesicles in major demyelinating diseases, including MS, neuromyelitis optica, progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy and demyelination associated to herpesviruses.
Collapse
|
39
|
Boziki M, Sintila SA, Ioannidis P, Grigoriadis N. Biomarkers in Rare Demyelinating Disease of the Central Nervous System. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21218409. [PMID: 33182495 PMCID: PMC7665127 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21218409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Rare neurological diseases are a heterogeneous group corresponding approximately to 50% of all rare diseases. Neurologists are among the main specialists involved in their diagnostic investigation. At the moment, a consensus guideline on which neurologists may base clinical suspicion is not available. Moreover, neurologists need guidance with respect to screening investigations that may be performed. In this respect, biomarker research has emerged as a particularly active field due to its potential applications in clinical practice. With respect to autoimmune demyelinating diseases of the Central Nervous System (CNS), although these diseases occur in the frame of organ-specific autoimmunity, pathology of the disease itself is orchestrated among several anatomical and functional compartments. The differential diagnosis is broad and includes, but is not limited to, rare neurological diseases. Multiple Sclerosis (MS) needs to be differentially diagnosed from rare MS variants, Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis (ADEM), the range of Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorders (NMOSDs), Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein (MOG) antibody disease and other systemic inflammatory diseases. Diagnostic biomarkers may facilitate timely diagnosis and proper disease management, preventing disease exacerbation due to misdiagnosis and false treatment. In this review, we will describe advances in biomarker research with respect to rare neuroinflammatory disease of the CNS.
Collapse
|
40
|
Martinez GP, Zabaleta ME, Di Giulio C, Charris JE, Mijares MR. The Role of Chloroquine and Hydroxychloroquine in Immune Regulation and Diseases. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 26:4467-4485. [DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666200707132920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Chloroquine (CQ) and hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) are derivatives of the heterocyclic aromatic compound
quinoline. These economical compounds have been used as antimalarial agents for many years. Currently,
they are used as monotherapy or in conjunction with other therapies for the treatment of autoimmune diseases
such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), Sjögren's syndrome (SS) and antiphospholipid
antibody syndrome (APS). Based on its effects on the modulation of the autophagy process, various
clinical studies suggest that CQ and HCQ could be used in combination with other chemotherapeutics for the
treatment of various types of cancer. Furthermore, the antiviral effects showed against Zika, Chikungunya, and
HIV are due to the annulation of endosomal/lysosomal acidification. Recently, CQ and HCQ were approved for
the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of infected patients with the coronavirus SARSCoV-
2, causing the disease originated in December 2019, namely COVID-2019. Several mechanisms have been
proposed to explain the pharmacological effects of these drugs: 1) disruption of lysosomal and endosomal pH, 2)
inhibition of protein secretion/expression, 3) inhibition of antigen presentation, 4) decrease of proinflammatory
cytokines, 5) inhibition of autophagy, 6) induction of apoptosis and 7) inhibition of ion channels activation. Thus,
evidence has shown that these structures are leading molecules that can be modified or combined with other
therapeutic agents. In this review, we will discuss the most recent findings in the mechanisms of action of CQ and
HCQ in the immune system, and the use of these antimalarial drugs on diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gricelis P. Martinez
- Institute of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Central University of Venezuela, 50109, Los Chaguaramos 1050-A, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Mercedes E. Zabaleta
- Institute of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Central University of Venezuela, 50109, Los Chaguaramos 1050-A, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Camilo Di Giulio
- Institute of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Central University of Venezuela, 50109, Los Chaguaramos 1050-A, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Jaime E. Charris
- Organic Synthesis Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Central University of Venezuela, 47206, Los Chaguaramos 1041-A, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Michael R. Mijares
- Institute of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Central University of Venezuela, 50109, Los Chaguaramos 1050-A, Caracas, Venezuela
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Emerging Role of Extracellular Vesicles in the Pathophysiology of Multiple Sclerosis. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21197336. [PMID: 33020408 PMCID: PMC7582271 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21197336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Revised: 09/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) represent a new reality for many physiological and pathological functions as an alternative mode of intercellular communication. This is due to their capacity to interact with distant recipient cells, usually involving delivery of the EVs contents into the target cells. Intensive investigation has targeted the role of EVs in different pathological conditions, including multiple sclerosis (MS). MS is a chronic inflammatory and neurodegenerative disease of the nervous system, one of the main causes of neurological disability in young adults. The fine interplay between the immune and nervous systems is profoundly altered in this disease, and EVs seems to have a relevant impact on MS pathogenesis. Here, we provide an overview of both clinical and preclinical studies showing that EVs released from blood–brain barrier (BBB) endothelial cells, platelets, leukocytes, myeloid cells, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes are involved in the pathogenesis of MS and of its rodent model experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Most of the information points to an impact of EVs on BBB damage, on spreading pro-inflammatory signals, and altering neuronal functions, but EVs reparative function of brain damage deserves attention. Finally, we will describe recent advances about EVs as potential therapeutic targets and tools for therapeutic intervention in MS.
Collapse
|
42
|
Liao K, Niu F, Hu G, Yang L, Dallon B, Villarreal D, Buch S. Morphine-mediated release of miR-138 in astrocyte-derived extracellular vesicles promotes microglial activation. J Extracell Vesicles 2020; 10:e12027. [PMID: 33304479 PMCID: PMC7710131 DOI: 10.1002/jev2.12027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 09/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Opioids, such as morphine, are the mainstay for the management of postsurgical pain. Over the last decade there has been a dramatic increase in deaths related to opioid overdose. While opioid abuse has been shown to result in increased neuroinflammation, mechanism(s) underlying this process, remain less understood. In recent years, microRNAs have emerged as key mediators of gene expression regulating both paracrine signaling and cellular crosstalk. MiRNAs constitute the extracellular vesicle (EV) cargo and can shuttle from the donor to the recipient cells. Exposure of human primary astrocytes to morphine resulted in induction and release of miR-138 in the EVs isolated from conditioned media of cultured astrocytes. Released EVs were, in turn, taken up by the microglia, leading to activation of these latter cells. Interestingly, activation of microglia involved binding of the GUUGUGU motif of miR138 to the endosomal toll like receptor (TLR)7, leading, in turn, to cellular activation. These findings were further corroborated in vivo in wildtype mice wherein morphine administration resulted in increased microglial activation in the thalamus. In TLR7-/- mice on the other hand, morphine failed to induce microglial activation. These findings have ramifications for the development of EV-loaded anti-miRNAs as therapeutics for alleviating neuroinflammation in opioids abusers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ke Liao
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental NeuroscienceUniversity of Nebraska Medical CenterOmahaNebraskaUSA
| | - Fang Niu
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental NeuroscienceUniversity of Nebraska Medical CenterOmahaNebraskaUSA
| | - Guoku Hu
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental NeuroscienceUniversity of Nebraska Medical CenterOmahaNebraskaUSA
| | - Lu Yang
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental NeuroscienceUniversity of Nebraska Medical CenterOmahaNebraskaUSA
| | - Blake Dallon
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental NeuroscienceUniversity of Nebraska Medical CenterOmahaNebraskaUSA
| | - Delaney Villarreal
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental NeuroscienceUniversity of Nebraska Medical CenterOmahaNebraskaUSA
| | - Shilpa Buch
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental NeuroscienceUniversity of Nebraska Medical CenterOmahaNebraskaUSA
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Odegaard KE, Chand S, Wheeler S, Tiwari S, Flores A, Hernandez J, Savine M, Gowen A, Pendyala G, Yelamanchili SV. Role of Extracellular Vesicles in Substance Abuse and HIV-Related Neurological Pathologies. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E6765. [PMID: 32942668 PMCID: PMC7554956 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are a broad, heterogeneous class of membranous lipid-bilayer vesicles that facilitate intercellular communication throughout the body. As important carriers of various types of cargo, including proteins, lipids, DNA fragments, and a variety of small noncoding RNAs, including miRNAs, mRNAs, and siRNAs, EVs may play an important role in the development of addiction and other neurological pathologies, particularly those related to HIV. In this review, we summarize the findings of EV studies in the context of methamphetamine (METH), cocaine, nicotine, opioid, and alcohol use disorders, highlighting important EV cargoes that may contribute to addiction. Additionally, as HIV and substance abuse are often comorbid, we discuss the potential role of EVs in the intersection of substance abuse and HIV. Taken together, the studies presented in this comprehensive review shed light on the potential role of EVs in the exacerbation of substance use and HIV. As a subject of growing interest, EVs may continue to provide information about mechanisms and pathogenesis in substance use disorders and CNS pathologies, perhaps allowing for exploration into potential therapeutic options.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Sowmya V. Yelamanchili
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; (K.E.O.); (S.C.); (S.W.); (S.T.); (A.F.); (J.H.); (M.S.); (A.G.); (G.P.)
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Groen K, Maltby VE, Scott RJ, Tajouri L, Lechner-Scott J. Concentrations of plasma-borne extracellular particles differ between multiple sclerosis disease courses and compared to healthy controls. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2020; 45:102446. [PMID: 32805479 DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2020.102446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple sclerosis is a neurodegenerative, autoimmune disease of the central nervous system. Both peripheral blood and central nervous system facets play a role in the pathophysiology. Extracellular vesicles are small membrane-bound vesicles that are released by most cells in response to stress, activation, or pathology. As extracellular vesicles can cross the blood-brain barrier, they have the ability to link peripheral blood inflammation to central nervous system pathology in multiple sclerosis. The aim of this study was to obtain a comprehensive picture of the cellular origins of plasma-borne extracellular particles in multiple sclerosis. METHODS Platelet-free plasma was obtained from 39 multiple sclerosis patients and 27 healthy controls via a series of centrifugation steps and assessed by flow cytometry. Plasma samples were stained with antibodies against CD4, CD8, CD14, CD20, CD41b, CD45, CD146, and CD235a. Gates were set using size-reference beads and extracellular particles were enumerated using commercial counting beads at known concentrations. RESULTS In relapsing patients (n = 13) erythrocyte-derived (CD235a) extracellular particles were increased, while platelet-derived (CD41b), leukocyte-derived (CD45), and CD4+T cell-derived (CD4) extracellular particles were decreased compared to both healthy controls (n = 27) (p<0.05) and secondary progressive multiple sclerosis patients (n = 9) (p < 0.05). Endothelium-derived extracellular particles (CD146) were increased in stable relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis patients (n = 17) compared to healthy controls (p < 0.05). Extracellular particles from several different cells of origin correlated with each other and clinical parameters (e.g. disease duration, number of relapses, EDSS), though clinical correlations did not withstand corrections for multiple comparisons. CONCLUSIONS Concentrations of erythrocyte-, leukocyte-, and platelet-derived extracellular particles were altered in relapsing multiple sclerosis patients and endothelium-derived extracellular particles were increased in stable relapsing-remitting patients compared to healthy controls. Extracellular particles may provide insights into altered the crosstalk between peripheral blood cells in multiple sclerosis, which may lead to the discovery of novel therapeutic targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kira Groen
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan NSW 2308, Australia; Centre for Brain and Mental Health Research, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights NSW 2305, Australia.
| | - Vicki E Maltby
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan NSW 2308, Australia; Centre for Brain and Mental Health Research, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights NSW 2305, Australia; Department of Neurology, John Hunter Hospital, New Lambton Heights NSW 2305, Australia.
| | - Rodney J Scott
- Cancer, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights NSW 2305, Australia; Division of Molecular Medicine, Pathology North, John Hunter Hospital, New Lambton Heights NSW 2305, Australia; School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan NSW 2308, Australia.
| | - Lotti Tajouri
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Robina QLD 4229, Australia; Dubai Police Scientific Council and Dubai Future Council on Community Security, Dubai, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Jeannette Lechner-Scott
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan NSW 2308, Australia; Centre for Brain and Mental Health Research, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights NSW 2305, Australia; Department of Neurology, John Hunter Hospital, New Lambton Heights NSW 2305, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Liu Y, Li L. Commentary: Proinflammatory role of blister fluid-derived exosomes in bullous pemphigoid. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1506. [PMID: 32765519 PMCID: PMC7378439 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yangchun Liu
- Department of Dermatology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Dermatology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Lam KCK, Lam MKN, Chim CS, Chan GCF, Li JCB. The functional role of surface molecules on extracellular vesicles in cancer, autoimmune diseases, and coagulopathy. J Leukoc Biol 2020; 108:1565-1573. [PMID: 32480430 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.3mr0420-067r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nanosized particles that have emerged as mediators for intercellular communication in physiologic and pathologic conditions. EVs carry signaling information on their bilipid membrane as well as cargo within, allowing them to perform a wide range of biologic processes and contribute to pathophysiologic roles in a wide range of diseases, including cancer, autoimmune diseases and coagulopathy. This review will specifically address the function of surface molecules on EVs under normal and diseased conditions, as well as their potential to emerge as therapeutic targets in clinical settings, and the importance of further research on the surface topography of EVs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katy C K Lam
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Moses K N Lam
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - C S Chim
- Department of Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Godfrey C F Chan
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - James C B Li
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Saint-Pol J, Gosselet F, Duban-Deweer S, Pottiez G, Karamanos Y. Targeting and Crossing the Blood-Brain Barrier with Extracellular Vesicles. Cells 2020; 9:cells9040851. [PMID: 32244730 PMCID: PMC7226770 DOI: 10.3390/cells9040851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 253] [Impact Index Per Article: 63.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The blood–brain barrier (BBB) is one of the most complex and selective barriers in the human organism. Its role is to protect the brain and preserve the homeostasis of the central nervous system (CNS). The central elements of this physical and physiological barrier are the endothelial cells that form a monolayer of tightly joined cells covering the brain capillaries. However, as endothelial cells regulate nutrient delivery and waste product elimination, they are very sensitive to signals sent by surrounding cells and their environment. Indeed, the neuro-vascular unit (NVU) that corresponds to the assembly of extracellular matrix, pericytes, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, microglia and neurons have the ability to influence BBB physiology. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) play a central role in terms of communication between cells. The NVU is no exception, as each cell can produce EVs that could help in the communication between cells in short or long distances. Studies have shown that EVs are able to cross the BBB from the brain to the bloodstream as well as from the blood to the CNS. Furthermore, peripheral EVs can interact with the BBB leading to changes in the barrier’s properties. This review focuses on current knowledge and potential applications regarding EVs associated with the BBB.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julien Saint-Pol
- Laboratoire de la Barrière Hémato-Encéphalique (LBHE), UR 2465, University Artois, F-62300 Lens, France; (F.G.); (S.D.-D.); (Y.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-3-2179-1746
| | - Fabien Gosselet
- Laboratoire de la Barrière Hémato-Encéphalique (LBHE), UR 2465, University Artois, F-62300 Lens, France; (F.G.); (S.D.-D.); (Y.K.)
| | - Sophie Duban-Deweer
- Laboratoire de la Barrière Hémato-Encéphalique (LBHE), UR 2465, University Artois, F-62300 Lens, France; (F.G.); (S.D.-D.); (Y.K.)
| | - Gwënaël Pottiez
- Caprion Biosciences Inc., 141, Avenue du Président-Kennedy Suite 5650, Montréal, QC H2X3Y7, Canada;
| | - Yannis Karamanos
- Laboratoire de la Barrière Hémato-Encéphalique (LBHE), UR 2465, University Artois, F-62300 Lens, France; (F.G.); (S.D.-D.); (Y.K.)
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Zhou Z, Xiong H, Xie F, Wu Z, Feng Y. A Meta-Analytic Review of the Value of miRNA for Multiple Sclerosis Diagnosis. Front Neurol 2020; 11:132. [PMID: 32158427 PMCID: PMC7052186 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.00132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Backgrounds and Purpose: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an immune-mediated chronic inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system. The etiology of MS is unclear, disease diagnosis mainly based on symptoms, and lacks effective laboratory test index. Circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) as sensitive biomarkers have been widely studied, the expression levels of certain miRNAs are dynamically changed in MS patients. This meta-analysis aims to assess the overall diagnostic accuracy of circulating miRNAs for MS. Methods: We searched PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, CNKI databases as of July 20, 2019. QUADAS was used to assess the quality of included studies. All studies were processed by Stata 15.0 software. Eleven articles with 600 patients with MS and 389 controls were included. Results: The sensitivity and specificity, PLR, NLR, and DOR of the overall studies were 0.81 (95% CI 0.77–0.84), 0.75 (95% CI 0.68–0.81), 3.3 (95% CI 2.5–4.3), 0.25 (95% CI 0.20–0.32), 13 (95% CI: 8–20), and 0.85 (95% CI 0.82–0.88). Subgroup analysis indicated that miRNA assay had higher diagnostic accuracy for relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS) when compared with other MS subtypes. Conclusion: Our study performed a meta-analysis to generate an estimate of the relevance of miRNA change and the occurrence of MS, and revealed circulating miRNAs has the potential to be used for MS diagnosis, especially for RRMS. Future studies should clarify to which specific miRNAs can accurately diagnose disease subtypes. The miRNA-related pathogenesis may provide theoretical basis for drug development for early intervention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zongpu Zhou
- Medical School of South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huihui Xiong
- Histology and Embryology Department of Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fukang Xie
- Histology and Embryology Department of Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhongdao Wu
- Parasitology Department of Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (SYSU), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying Feng
- Medical School of South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Pinho AG, Cibrão JR, Silva NA, Monteiro S, Salgado AJ. Cell Secretome: Basic Insights and Therapeutic Opportunities for CNS Disorders. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2020; 13:E31. [PMID: 32093352 PMCID: PMC7169381 DOI: 10.3390/ph13020031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Transplantation of stem cells, in particular mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), stands as a promising therapy for trauma, stroke or neurodegenerative conditions such as spinal cord or traumatic brain injuries (SCI or TBI), ischemic stroke (IS), or Parkinson's disease (PD). Over the last few years, cell transplantation-based approaches have started to focus on the use of cell byproducts, with a strong emphasis on cell secretome. Having this in mind, the present review discusses the current state of the art of secretome-based therapy applications in different central nervous system (CNS) pathologies. For this purpose, the following topics are discussed: (1) What are the main cell secretome sources, composition, and associated collection techniques; (2) Possible differences of the therapeutic potential of the protein and vesicular fraction of the secretome; and (3) Impact of the cell secretome on CNS-related problems such as SCI, TBI, IS, and PD. With this, we aim to clarify some of the main questions that currently exist in the field of secretome-based therapies and consequently gain new knowledge that may help in the clinical application of secretome in CNS disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andreia G. Pinho
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; (A.G.P.); (J.R.C.); (N.A.S.); (S.M.)
- ICVS/3B’s PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4710-057 Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Jorge R. Cibrão
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; (A.G.P.); (J.R.C.); (N.A.S.); (S.M.)
- ICVS/3B’s PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4710-057 Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Nuno A. Silva
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; (A.G.P.); (J.R.C.); (N.A.S.); (S.M.)
- ICVS/3B’s PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4710-057 Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Susana Monteiro
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; (A.G.P.); (J.R.C.); (N.A.S.); (S.M.)
- ICVS/3B’s PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4710-057 Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - António J. Salgado
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; (A.G.P.); (J.R.C.); (N.A.S.); (S.M.)
- ICVS/3B’s PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4710-057 Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Gao J, Li X, Wang Y, Cao Y, Yao D, Sun L, Qin L, Qiu H, Zhan X. Adipocyte-derived extracellular vesicles modulate appetite and weight through mTOR signalling in the hypothalamus. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2020; 228:e13339. [PMID: 31278836 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Revised: 06/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
AIM Type 2 diabetes and obesity are diseases related to surplus energy in the body. Abnormal interaction between the hypothalamus and adipose tissues is a key trigger of energy metabolism dysfunction. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) regulate intercellular communication by transporting intracellular cargo to recipient cells thereby altering the function of recipient cells. This study aimed to evaluate whether adipocyte-derived EVs can act on hypothalamic neurons to modulate energy intake and to identify the EV-associated non-coding RNAs. METHODS Confocal imaging was used to trace the uptake of labelled adipocyte-derived exosomes by hypothalamic anorexigenic POMC neurons. The effects of adipocyte-derived EVs on the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signalling pathway in POMC neurons were evaluated based on mRNA and protein expression in vitro using quantitative real-time PCR and western blotting. In addition, adipocyte-derived EVs were injected into recipient mice, and changes in mice body weight and daily food intake were monitored. The biological effects of the EV-associated MALAT1 on POMC neurons were explored. RESULTS Adipocyte-derived EVs were successfully transferred into POMC neurons in vitro. Results showed that adipocytes of obese mice secreted MALAT1-containing EVs, which increased appetite and weight when administered to lean mice. Conversely, adipocyte-derived EVs from lean mice decreased food intake and weight when administered to obese mice. CONCLUSION Adipocyte-derived EVs play important roles in mediating the interaction between adipocytes and hypothalamic neurons. Adipocyte-derived EVs can regulate POMC expression through the hypothalamic mTOR signalling in vivo and in vitro, thereby affecting body energy intake.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Gao
- Department of Endocrinology First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University Harbin China
| | - Xinyu Li
- Department of Endocrinology First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University Harbin China
| | - You Wang
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Yan Cao
- Department of Endocrinology First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University Harbin China
| | - Dengju Yao
- Software and Microelectronics School Harbin University of Science and Technology Harbin China
| | - Lijie Sun
- Department of Endocrinology First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University Harbin China
| | - Lv Qin
- Department of Endocrinology First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University Harbin China
| | - Hui Qiu
- Department of Endocrinology First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University Harbin China
| | - Xiaorong Zhan
- Department of Endocrinology First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University Harbin China
| |
Collapse
|