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Dalal S, Ramirez-Gomez J, Sharma B, Devara D, Kumar S. MicroRNAs and synapse turnover in Alzheimer's disease. Ageing Res Rev 2024; 99:102377. [PMID: 38871301 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the accumulation of amyloid-beta plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in the brain, leading to synaptic dysfunction and cognitive decline. Healthy synapses are the crucial for normal brain function, memory restoration and other neurophysiological function. Synapse loss and synaptic dysfunction are two primary events that occur during AD initiation. Synapse lifecycle and/or synapse turnover is divided into five key stages and several sub-stages such as synapse formation, synapse assembly, synapse maturation, synapse transmission and synapse termination. In normal state, the synapse turnover is regulated by various biological and molecular factors for a healthy neurotransmission. In AD, the different stages of synapse turnover are affected by AD-related toxic proteins. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as critical regulators of gene expression and have been implicated in various neurological diseases, including AD. Deregulation of miRNAs modulate the synaptic proteins and affect the synapse turnover at different stages. In this review, we discussed the key milestones of synapse turnover and how they are affected in AD. Further, we discussed the involvement of miRNAs in synaptic turnover, focusing specifically on their role in AD pathogenesis. We also emphasized the regulatory mechanisms by which miRNAs modulate the synaptic turnover stages in AD. Current studies will help to understand the synaptic life-cycle and role of miRNAs in each stage that is deregulated in AD, further allowing for a better understanding of the pathogenesis of devastating disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarthak Dalal
- Center of Emphasis in Neuroscience, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso, TX, USA
| | - Jaime Ramirez-Gomez
- Center of Emphasis in Neuroscience, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso, TX, USA
| | - Bhupender Sharma
- Center of Emphasis in Neuroscience, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso, TX, USA
| | - Davin Devara
- Center of Emphasis in Neuroscience, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso, TX, USA
| | - Subodh Kumar
- Center of Emphasis in Neuroscience, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso, TX, USA; L. Frederick Francis Graduate School of Biomedicael Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso, TX, USA.
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2
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McInvale JJ, Canoll P, Hargus G. Induced pluripotent stem cell models as a tool to investigate and test fluid biomarkers in Alzheimer's disease and frontotemporal dementia. Brain Pathol 2024; 34:e13231. [PMID: 38246596 PMCID: PMC11189780 DOI: 10.1111/bpa.13231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases are increasing in prevalence and comprise a large socioeconomic burden on patients and their caretakers. The need for effective therapies and avenues for disease prevention and monitoring is of paramount importance. Fluid biomarkers for neurodegenerative diseases have gained a variety of uses, including informing participant selection for clinical trials, lending confidence to clinical diagnosis and disease staging, determining prognosis, and monitoring therapeutic response. Their role is expected to grow as disease-modifying therapies start to be available to a broader range of patients and as prevention strategies become established. Many of the underlying molecular mechanisms of currently used biomarkers are incompletely understood. Animal models and in vitro systems using cell lines have been extensively employed but face important translatability limitations. Induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technology, where a theoretically unlimited range of cell types can be reprogrammed from peripheral cells sampled from patients or healthy individuals, has gained prominence over the last decade. It is a promising avenue to study physiological and pathological biomarker function and response to experimental therapeutics. Such systems are amenable to high-throughput drug screening or multiomics readouts such as transcriptomics, lipidomics, and proteomics for biomarker discovery, investigation, and validation. The present review describes the current state of biomarkers in the clinical context of neurodegenerative diseases, with a focus on Alzheimer's disease and frontotemporal dementia. We include a discussion of how iPSC models have been used to investigate and test biomarkers such as amyloid-β, phosphorylated tau, neurofilament light chain or complement proteins, and even nominate novel biomarkers. We discuss the limitations of current iPSC methods, mentioning alternatives such as coculture systems and three-dimensional organoids which address some of these concerns. Finally, we propose exciting prospects for stem cell transplantation paradigms using animal models as a preclinical tool to study biomarkers in the in vivo context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie J. McInvale
- Department of Pathology and Cell BiologyColumbia UniversityNew YorkNew YorkUSA
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia UniversityNew YorkNew YorkUSA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Columbia UniversityNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Peter Canoll
- Department of Pathology and Cell BiologyColumbia UniversityNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Gunnar Hargus
- Department of Pathology and Cell BiologyColumbia UniversityNew YorkNew YorkUSA
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia UniversityNew YorkNew YorkUSA
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3
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Sun M, Chen Z. Unveiling the Complex Role of Exosomes in Alzheimer's Disease. J Inflamm Res 2024; 17:3921-3948. [PMID: 38911990 PMCID: PMC11193473 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s466821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative illness, characterized by memory loss and cognitive decline, accounting for 60-80% of dementia cases. AD is characterized by senile plaques made up of amyloid β (Aβ) protein, intracellular neurofibrillary tangles caused by hyperphosphorylation of tau protein linked with microtubules, and neuronal loss. Currently, therapeutic treatments and nanotechnological developments are effective in treating the symptoms of AD, but a cure for the illness has not yet been found. Recently, the increased study of extracellular vesicles (EVs) has led to a growing awareness of their significant involvement in neurodegenerative disorders, including AD. Exosomes are small extracellular vesicles that transport various components including messenger RNAs, non-coding RNAs, proteins, lipids, DNA, and other bioactive compounds from one cell to another, facilitating information transmission and material movement. There is growing evidence indicating that exosomes have complex functions in AD. Exosomes may have a dual role in Alzheimer's disease by contributing to neuronal death and also helping to alleviate the pathological progression of the disease. Therefore, the primary aim of this review is to outline the updated understandings on exosomes biogenesis and many functions of exosomes in the generation, conveyance, distribution, and elimination of hazardous proteins related to Alzheimer's disease. This review is intended to provide novel insights for understanding the development, specific treatment, and early detection of Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyue Sun
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, 213000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhuoyou Chen
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, 213000, People’s Republic of China
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4
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Villa C, Combi R. Epigenetics in Alzheimer's Disease: A Critical Overview. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5970. [PMID: 38892155 PMCID: PMC11173284 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25115970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic modifications have been implicated in a number of complex diseases as well as being a hallmark of organismal aging. Several reports have indicated an involvement of these changes in Alzheimer's disease (AD) risk and progression, most likely contributing to the dysregulation of AD-related gene expression measured by DNA methylation studies. Given that DNA methylation is tissue-specific and that AD is a brain disorder, the limitation of these studies is the ability to identify clinically useful biomarkers in a proxy tissue, reflective of the tissue of interest, that would be less invasive, more cost-effective, and easily obtainable. The age-related DNA methylation changes have also been used to develop different generations of epigenetic clocks devoted to measuring the aging in different tissues that sometimes suggests an age acceleration in AD patients. This review critically discusses epigenetic changes and aging measures as potential biomarkers for AD detection, prognosis, and progression. Given that epigenetic alterations are chemically reversible, treatments aiming at reversing these modifications will be also discussed as promising therapeutic strategies for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Romina Combi
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy;
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5
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Tsamou M, Roggen EL. Sex-associated microRNAs potentially implicated in sporadic Alzheimer's disease (sAD). Brain Res 2024; 1829:148791. [PMID: 38307153 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2024.148791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The onset and pathology of sporadic Alzheimer's disease (sAD) seem to be affected by both sex and genetic mechanisms. Evidence supports that the high prevalence of sAD in women, worldwide, may be attributed to an interplay among aging, sex, and lifestyle, influenced by genetics, metabolic changes, and hormones. Interestingly, epigenetic mechanisms such as microRNAs (miRNAs), known as master regulators of gene expression, may contribute to this observed sexual dimorphism in sAD. OBJECTIVES To investigate the potential impact of sex-associated miRNAs on processes manifesting sAD pathology, as described by the Tau-driven Adverse Outcome Pathway (AOP) leading to memory loss. METHODS Using publicly available human miRNA datasets, sex-biased miRNAs, defined as differentially expressed by sex in tissues possibly affected by sAD pathology, were collected. In addition, sex hormone-related miRNAs were also retrieved from the literature. The compiled sex-biased and sex hormone-related miRNAs were further plugged into the dysregulated processes of the Tau-driven AOP for memory loss. RESULTS Several miRNAs, previously identified as sex-associated, were implicated in dysregulated processes associated with the manifestation of sAD pathology. Importantly, the described pathology processes were not confined to a particular sex. A mechanistic-based approach utilizing miRNAs was adopted in order to elucidate the link between sex and biological processes potentially involved in the development of memory loss. CONCLUSIONS The identification of sex-associated miRNAs involved in the early processes manifesting memory loss may shed light to the complex molecular mechanisms underlying sAD pathogenesis in a sex-specific manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Tsamou
- ToxGenSolutions (TGS), Oxfordlaan 70, 6229EV Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Erwin L Roggen
- ToxGenSolutions (TGS), Oxfordlaan 70, 6229EV Maastricht, The Netherlands
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6
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Huang B, Ou G, Zhang N. Identification of key regulatory molecules in the early development stage of Alzheimer's disease. J Cell Mol Med 2024; 28:e18151. [PMID: 38429903 PMCID: PMC10907834 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.18151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative diseases, the incidence of which increases with age, and the pathological changes in the brain are irreversible. Recent studies have highlighted the essential role of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in AD by acting as competing endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs). Our aim was to construct lncRNA-associated ceRNA regulatory networks composed of potential biomarkers for the early stage of AD. AD related datasets come from AlzData and GEO databases. The R package 'Limma' identifies differentially expressed genes (DEGs), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) and Gene Ontology (GO) databases for functional enrichment analysis. Protein-protein interactions (PPIs) in DEGs were constructed in the STRING database, and Cytoscape software identified DEGs. Convergent functional genomics (CFG) analysis of differentially expressed hub genes (referred to as early-DEGs) in the brain before the development of AD pathology. The AlzData database analyses the expression levels of early-DEGs in different nerve cells. The lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA regulatory network was established according to the ceRNA hypothesis. We identified four lncRNAs (XIST, NEAT1, KCNQ1OT1 and HCG18) and four miRNAs (hsa-let-7c-5p, hsa-miR-107, hsa-miR-129-2-3p and hsa-miR-214-3p) were preliminarily identified as potential biomarkers for early AD, competitively regulating Atp6v0b, Atp6v1e1 Atp6v1f and Syt1. This study indicates that NEAT1, XIST, HCG18 and KCNQ1OT1 act as ceRNAs in competitive binding with miRNAs to regulate the expression of Atp6v0b, Atp6v1e1, Atp6v1f and Syt1 before the occurrence of pathological changes in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Huang
- Clinical LaboratoryFifth Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Guan‐yong Ou
- School of MedicineSouthern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhenChina
| | - Ni Zhang
- Department of PhysiologyShantou University Medical CollegeShantouChina
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7
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Zhang WT, Zhang GX, Gao SS. The potential diagnostic accuracy of circulating microRNAs for Alzheimer's disease: A meta-analysis. Neurologia 2024; 39:147-159. [PMID: 38460993 DOI: 10.1016/j.nrleng.2023.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 03/11/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive and irreversible neurodegenerative disease that seriously affects cognitive ability and has become a key public health problem. Many studies have identified the possibility of peripheral blood microRNA as effective non-invasive biomarkers for AD diagnosis, but the results are inconsistent. Therefore, we carried out this meta-analysis to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of circulating microRNAs in the diagnosis of AD patients. METHODS We performed a systematic literature search of the following databases: PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Wanfang database and China National Knowledge Infrastructure, updated to March 15, 2021. A random effects model was used to pool the sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio, negative likelihood ratio, diagnostic odds ratio and area under the curve. Meta-regression and subgroup analysis were performed to explore the sources of heterogeneity, and Deeks' funnel plot was used to assess whether there was publication bias. RESULTS 62 studies from 18 articles were included in this meta-analysis. The pooled sensitivity was 0.82 (95% CI: 0.78-0.85), specificity was 0.80 (95% CI: 0.76-0.83), PLR was 4. 1 (95% CI: 3.4-4.9), NLR was 0.23 (95% CI: 0.19-0.28), DOR was 18 (95% CI: 13-25) and AUC was 0.88 (95% CI: 0.84-0.90). Subgroup analysis shows that the microRNA clusters of plasma type performed a better diagnostic accuracy of AD patients. In addition, publication bias was not found. CONCLUSIONS Circulating microRNAs can be used as a promising non-invasive biomarker in AD diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- W T Zhang
- Xi'an Daxing Hospital, Shaanxi, China; International Doctoral School, University of Seville, Spain
| | - G X Zhang
- International Doctoral School, University of Seville, Spain
| | - S S Gao
- Xi'an Daxing Hospital, Shaanxi, China; International Doctoral School, University of Seville, Spain.
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8
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Tavares-Júnior JWL, Ciurleo GCV, Feitosa EDAAF, Oriá RB, Braga-Neto P. The Clinical Aspects of COVID and Alzheimer's Disease: A Round-Up of Where Things Stand and Are Headed. J Alzheimers Dis 2024; 99:1159-1171. [PMID: 38848177 DOI: 10.3233/jad-231368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
The link between long COVID-19 and brain/cognitive impairments is concerning and may foster a worrisome worldwide emergence of novel cases of neurodegenerative diseases with aging. This review aims to update the knowledge, crosstalk, and possible intersections between the Post-COVID Syndrome (PCS) and Alzheimer's disease (AD). References included in this review were obtained from PubMed searches conducted between October 2023 and November 2023. PCS is a very heterogenous and poorly understood disease with recent evidence of a possible association with chronic diseases such as AD. However, more scientific data is required to establish the link between PCS and AD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gabriella Cunha Vieira Ciurleo
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Neurology Section, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará (UFC), Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
- Department of Morphology and Institute of Biomedicine, Laboratory of the Biology of Tissue Healing, Ontogeny and Nutrition, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | | | - Reinaldo B Oriá
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Neurology Section, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará (UFC), Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
- Department of Morphology and Institute of Biomedicine, Laboratory of the Biology of Tissue Healing, Ontogeny and Nutrition, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Pedro Braga-Neto
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Neurology Section, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará (UFC), Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
- Center of Health Sciences, State University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
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9
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Cisterna-García A, Beric A, Ali M, Pardo JA, Chen HH, Fernandez MV, Norton J, Gentsch J, Bergmann K, Budde J, Perlmutter JS, Morris JC, Cruchaga C, Botia JA, Ibanez L. Cell-free RNA signatures predict Alzheimer's disease. iScience 2023; 26:108534. [PMID: 38089583 PMCID: PMC10711471 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.108534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
There is a need for affordable, scalable, and specific blood-based biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease that can be applied to a population level. We have developed and validated disease-specific cell-free transcriptomic blood-based biomarkers composed by a scalable number of transcripts that capture AD pathobiology even in the presymptomatic stages of the disease. Accuracies are in the range of the current CSF and plasma biomarkers, and specificities are high against other neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Cisterna-García
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in Saint Louis School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
- Departamento de Ingeniería de la Información y las Comunicaciones, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
- NeuroGenomics and Informatics Center, Washington University in Saint Louis School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Aleksandra Beric
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in Saint Louis School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
- NeuroGenomics and Informatics Center, Washington University in Saint Louis School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Muhammad Ali
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in Saint Louis School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
- NeuroGenomics and Informatics Center, Washington University in Saint Louis School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jose Adrian Pardo
- Departamento de Ingeniería de la Información y las Comunicaciones, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Hsiang-Han Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in Saint Louis School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
- NeuroGenomics and Informatics Center, Washington University in Saint Louis School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Maria Victoria Fernandez
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in Saint Louis School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
- NeuroGenomics and Informatics Center, Washington University in Saint Louis School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Joanne Norton
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in Saint Louis School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
- NeuroGenomics and Informatics Center, Washington University in Saint Louis School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
- The Charles F. and Joanne Knight Alzheimer Disease Research Center, Washington University in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jen Gentsch
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in Saint Louis School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
- NeuroGenomics and Informatics Center, Washington University in Saint Louis School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
- The Charles F. and Joanne Knight Alzheimer Disease Research Center, Washington University in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Kristy Bergmann
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in Saint Louis School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
- NeuroGenomics and Informatics Center, Washington University in Saint Louis School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - John Budde
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in Saint Louis School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
- NeuroGenomics and Informatics Center, Washington University in Saint Louis School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Joel S. Perlmutter
- Department of Neurology, Washington University in Saint Louis School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
- Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University in Saint Louis School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Radiology, Neuroscience, Physical Therapy, and Occupational Therapy, Washington University in Saint Louis School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - John C. Morris
- The Charles F. and Joanne Knight Alzheimer Disease Research Center, Washington University in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Neurology, Washington University in Saint Louis School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in Saint Louis School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Carlos Cruchaga
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in Saint Louis School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
- NeuroGenomics and Informatics Center, Washington University in Saint Louis School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
- The Charles F. and Joanne Knight Alzheimer Disease Research Center, Washington University in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Neurology, Washington University in Saint Louis School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
- Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University in Saint Louis School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Genetics, Washington University in Saint Louis School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Juan A. Botia
- Departamento de Ingeniería de la Información y las Comunicaciones, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Laura Ibanez
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in Saint Louis School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
- NeuroGenomics and Informatics Center, Washington University in Saint Louis School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Neurology, Washington University in Saint Louis School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
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10
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Wang L, Shui X, Diao Y, Chen D, Zhou Y, Lee TH. Potential Implications of miRNAs in the Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Therapeutics of Alzheimer's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16259. [PMID: 38003448 PMCID: PMC10671222 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a complex multifactorial disorder that poses a substantial burden on patients, caregivers, and society. Considering the increased aging population and life expectancy, the incidence of AD will continue to rise in the following decades. However, the molecular pathogenesis of AD remains controversial, superior blood-based biomarker candidates for early diagnosis are still lacking, and effective therapeutics to halt or slow disease progression are urgently needed. As powerful genetic regulators, microRNAs (miRNAs) are receiving increasing attention due to their implications in the initiation, development, and theranostics of various diseases, including AD. In this review, we summarize miRNAs that directly target microtubule-associated protein tau (MAPT), amyloid precursor protein (APP), and β-site APP-cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1) transcripts and regulate the alternative splicing of tau and APP. We also discuss related kinases, such as glycogen synthase kinase (GSK)-3β, cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (CDK5), and death-associated protein kinase 1 (DAPK1), as well as apolipoprotein E, that are directly targeted by miRNAs to control tau phosphorylation and amyloidogenic APP processing leading to Aβ pathologies. Moreover, there is evidence of miRNA-mediated modulation of inflammation. Furthermore, circulating miRNAs in the serum or plasma of AD patients as noninvasive biomarkers with diagnostic potential are reviewed. In addition, miRNA-based therapeutics optimized with nanocarriers or exosomes as potential options for AD treatment are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Ying Zhou
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Translational Research in Cancer and Neurodegenerative Diseases, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China; (L.W.)
| | - Tae Ho Lee
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Translational Research in Cancer and Neurodegenerative Diseases, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China; (L.W.)
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11
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Hou KC, Tsai MH, Akbarian S, Huang HS. Mir125b-1 is Not Imprinted in Human Brain and Shows Developmental Expression Changes in Mouse Brain. Neuroscience 2023; 529:99-106. [PMID: 37598835 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2023.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Genomic imprinting is a predominantly brain and placenta-specific epigenetic process that contributes to parent-of-origin-specific gene expression. While microRNAs are highly expressed in the brain, their imprinting status in this tissue remains poorly studied. Previous research demonstrated that Mir125b-2 is imprinted in the human brain and regulates hippocampal circuits and functions in mice. However, the imprinting status of another isoform of miR125b, Mir125b-1, in the human brain, as well as its spatiotemporal expression patterns in mice, have not been elucidated. Here, we show MIR125B1 is not imprinted in the human brain. Moreover, miR-125b-1 was highly expressed in the brains of mice. Furthermore, miR-125b-1 was down-regulated during brain development in mice. Specifically, miR-125b-1 displayed preferential expression in the olfactory bulb, thalamus, and hypothalamus of the mouse brain. Notably, miR-125b-1 was enriched in GABAergic neurons, particularly somatostatin-expressing GABAergic neurons, compared with glutamatergic neurons. Taken together, our findings provide the imprinting status and comprehensive spatiotemporal expression profiling of Mir125b-1 in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuan-Chu Hou
- Graduate Institute of Brain and Mind Sciences, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10051, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Han Tsai
- Graduate Institute of Brain and Mind Sciences, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10051, Taiwan
| | - Schahram Akbarian
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NY 10029, USA
| | - Hsien-Sung Huang
- Graduate Institute of Brain and Mind Sciences, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10051, Taiwan.
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12
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He C, Li Z, Yang M, Yu W, Luo R, Zhou J, He J, Chen Q, Song Z, Cheng S. Non-Coding RNA in Microglia Activation and Neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's Disease. J Inflamm Res 2023; 16:4165-4211. [PMID: 37753266 PMCID: PMC10519213 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s422114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by complex pathophysiological features. Amyloid plaques resulting from extracellular amyloid deposition and neurofibrillary tangles formed by intracellular hyperphosphorylated tau accumulation serve as primary neuropathological criteria for AD diagnosis. The activation of microglia has been closely associated with these pathological manifestations. Non-coding RNA (ncRNA), a versatile molecule involved in various cellular functions such as genetic information storage and transport, as well as catalysis of biochemical reactions, plays a crucial role in microglial activation. This review aims to investigate the regulatory role of ncRNAs in protein expression by directly targeting genes, proteins, and interactions. Furthermore, it explores the ability of ncRNAs to modulate inflammatory pathways, influence the expression of inflammatory factors, and regulate microglia activation, all of which contribute to neuroinflammation and AD. However, there are still significant controversies surrounding microglial activation and polarization. The categorization into M1 and M2 phenotypes may oversimplify the intricate and multifaceted regulatory processes in microglial response to neuroinflammation. Limited research has been conducted on the role of ncRNAs in regulating microglial activation and inducing distinct polarization states in the context of neuroinflammation. Moreover, the regulatory mechanisms through which ncRNAs govern microglial function continue to be refined. The current understanding of ncRNA regulatory pathways involved in microglial activation remains incomplete and may be influenced by spatial, temporal, and tissue-specific factors. Therefore, further in-depth investigations are warranted. In conclusion, there are ongoing debates and uncertainties regarding the activation and polarization of microglial cells, particularly concerning the categorization into M1 and M2 phenotypes. The study of ncRNA regulation in microglial activation and polarization, as well as its mechanisms, is still in its early stages and requires further investigation. However, this review offers new insights and opportunities for therapeutic approaches in AD. The development of ncRNA-based drugs may hold promise as a new direction in AD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunxiang He
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ze Li
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Miao Yang
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenjing Yu
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Rongsiqing Luo
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jinyong Zhou
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiawei He
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qi Chen
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhenyan Song
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shaowu Cheng
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, People’s Republic of China
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13
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Elzayat EM, Shahien SA, El-Sherif AA, Hosney M. miRNAs and Stem Cells as Promising Diagnostic and Therapeutic Targets for Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2023; 94:S203-S225. [PMID: 37212107 PMCID: PMC10473110 DOI: 10.3233/jad-221298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a cumulative progressive neurodegenerative disease characterized mainly by impairment in cognitive functions accompanied by memory loss, disturbance in behavior and personality, and difficulties in learning. Although the main causes of AD pathogenesis are not fully understood yet, amyloid-β peptides and tau proteins are supposed to be responsible for AD onset and pathogenesis. Various demographic, genetic, and environmental risk factors are involved in AD onset and pathogenesis such as age, gender, several genes, lipids, malnutrition, and poor diet. Significant changes were observed in microRNA (miRNA) levels between normal and AD cases giving hope for a diagnostic procedure for AD through a simple blood test. As yet, only two classes of AD therapeutic drugs are approved by FDA. They are classified as acetylcholinesterase inhibitors and N-methyl-D-aspartate antagonists (NMDA). Unfortunately, they can only treat the symptoms but cannot cure AD or stop its progression. New therapeutic approaches were developed for AD treatment including acitretin due to its ability to cross blood-brain barrier in the brain of rats and mice and induce the expression of ADAM 10 gene, the α-secretase of human amyloid-β protein precursor, stimulating the non-amyloidogenic pathway for amyloid-β protein precursor processing resulting in amyloid-β reduction. Also stem cells may have a crucial role in AD treatment as they can improve cognitive functions and memory in AD rats through regeneration of damaged neurons. This review spotlights on promising diagnostic techniques such as miRNAs and therapeutic approaches such as acitretin and/or stem cells keeping in consideration AD pathogenesis, stages, symptoms, and risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emad M. Elzayat
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Sherif A. Shahien
- Biotechnology/Bimolecular Chemistry Program, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed A. El-Sherif
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Hosney
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
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14
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Lin L, Chen X, Sun X, Xiao B, Li J, Liu J, Li G. MiR-125b-5p is targeted by curcumin to regulate the cellular antioxidant capacity. Free Radic Res 2022; 56:640-650. [PMID: 36583645 DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2022.2162393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
As a natural polyphenolic food supplement and the principal curcuminoid in turmeric, curcumin shows antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antitumor activities. However, its specific functional mechanism remains unclear. Our preliminary study indicated that miR-125b-5p was downregulated by a curcumin extract. This study aimed to determine whether miR-125b-5p is involved in the antioxidant regulation of curcumin. The results showed that miR-125b-5p overexpression had a pro-oxidant effect by reducing the cellular antioxidant capacity, as well as decreasing the activities of catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in the normal liver cell line LO2. However, miR-125b-5p repression significantly increased the cellular antioxidant capacity and enhanced the activities of CAT and SOD. Further investigation demonstrated that the cellular antioxidant capacity induced by curcumin extract was inhibited by miR-125b-5p overexpression. Thus, curcumin may exhibit antioxidant effects by repressing miR-125b-5p expression, which provides new insights into the molecular antioxidant mechanism of curcumin and other functional food components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingli Lin
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian, China.,Fujian Marine Functional Food Engineering Technology Research Center, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Xi Chen
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian, China.,Fujian Marine Functional Food Engineering Technology Research Center, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Xiaoting Sun
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian, China.,Fujian Marine Functional Food Engineering Technology Research Center, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Baoping Xiao
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian, China.,Fujian Marine Functional Food Engineering Technology Research Center, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Jian Li
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian, China.,Fujian Marine Functional Food Engineering Technology Research Center, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Jingwen Liu
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Guiling Li
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian, China.,Fujian Marine Functional Food Engineering Technology Research Center, Xiamen, Fujian, China
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15
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Mechanisms and Biomarker Potential of Extracellular Vesicles in Stroke. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11081231. [PMID: 36009857 PMCID: PMC9405035 DOI: 10.3390/biology11081231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary A stroke occurs when there is a lack of blood flow to the brain. Stroke injures the brain and can have devastating outcomes depending on the size and location of the brain tissue affected. Currently, there are only a limited number of treatment options for stroke. Extracellular vesicles are small vesicles secreted by cells. Importantly, extracellular vesicles have specific markers indicating the cell they were released from and can pass from the brain into the blood. For these reasons, assessing extracellular vesicles in the blood may create a window into changes occurring in the brain. Assessing changes in extracellular vesicles in the blood during stroke may produce new insight into the cellular changes in the brain causing injury during stroke. This in turn may generate potential targets for the development of future treatments. We summarize what is known about changes in brain-cell-specific extracellular vesicles during stroke and stress the importance of continuing to study these changes. Abstract Stoke is a prevalent and devastating neurologic condition with limited options for therapeutic management. Since brain tissue is rarely accessible clinically, peripheral biomarkers for the central nervous system’s (CNS’s) cellular response to stroke may prove critical for increasing our understanding of stroke pathology and elucidating novel therapeutic targets. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are cell-derived, membrane-enclosed vesicles secreted by all cell types within the CNS that can freely pass the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and contain unique markers and content linked to their cell of origin. These unique qualities make brain-derived EVs novel candidates for non-invasive blood-based biomarkers of both cell specificity and cell physiological state during the progression of stroke and recovery. While studies are continuously emerging that are assessing the therapeutic potential of EVs and profiling EV cargo, a vast minority of these studies link EV content to specific cell types. A better understanding of cell-specific EV release during the acute, subacute, and chronic stages of stroke is needed to further elucidate the cellular processes responsible for stroke pathophysiology. Herein, we outline what is known about EV release from distinct cell types of the CNS during stroke and the potential of these EVs as peripheral biomarkers for cellular function in the CNS during stroke.
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16
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Zeng C, Xing H, Chen M, Chen L, Li P, Wu X, Li L. Circ_0049472 regulates the damage of Aβ-induced SK-N-SH and CHP-212 cells by mediating the miR-107/KIF1B axis. Exp Brain Res 2022; 240:2299-2309. [PMID: 35881155 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-022-06401-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease that seriously affects the life and health of the elderly. Studies have found that circular RNAs (circRNAs) are associated with human diseases, including AD. Hsa_circ_0049472 has been uncovered to be overexpressed in AD, but the role of circ_0049472 remains unclear. AD patients were recruited to collect cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum samples. Amyloid beta (Aβ)-induced SK-N-SH and CHP-212 cells were used as the AD cell models in vitro. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) was used to assess the expression of circ_0049472, microRNA-107 (miR-107) and kinesin family member 1B (KIF1B). Cell counting kit-8 assay tested the cell viability, and flow cytometry measured cell apoptosis. The levels of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), BCL2 Associated X (Bax) and kinesin family member 1B (KIF1B) protein were examined by western blot. In addition, the relative inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β) were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The malondialdehyde (MDA) level and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity were measured by relative kits. Dual-luciferase reporter assays and RNA pull-down assay verified the relationship between miR-107 and circ_0049472 or KIF1B. Circ_0049472 and KIF1B were overexpressed in AD patient-derived cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum samples, as well as Aβ-induced SK-N-SH and CHP-212 cells. Silencing circ_0049472 promoted cell proliferation, and inhibited cell apoptosis in Aβ-induced SK-N-SH and CHP-212 cells. MiR-107 was a target of circ_0049472. MiR-107 silencing abolished the cell viability and apoptosis affected by down-regulation of circ_0049472 in Aβ-induced SK-N-SH and CHP-212 cells. Besides, miR-107 targeted KIF1B, and overexpressed KIF1B reverted miR-107 elevation-mediated effects on cell apoptosis, inflammation, and oxidative stress of Aβ-induced SK-N-SH and CHP-212 cells. Circ_0049472 modulated KIF1B by serving as a miR-107 decoy, thereby mediating Aβ-induced neurotoxicity, suggesting that circ_0049472 may be involved in AD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaosheng Zeng
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, No. 48, Baishuitang Road, Longhua District, Haikou City, 570311, Hainan Province, China
| | - Huaijie Xing
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, No. 48, Baishuitang Road, Longhua District, Haikou City, 570311, Hainan Province, China
| | - Min Chen
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, No. 48, Baishuitang Road, Longhua District, Haikou City, 570311, Hainan Province, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, No. 48, Baishuitang Road, Longhua District, Haikou City, 570311, Hainan Province, China
| | - Pengxiang Li
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, No. 48, Baishuitang Road, Longhua District, Haikou City, 570311, Hainan Province, China
| | - Xiaowen Wu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, No. 48, Baishuitang Road, Longhua District, Haikou City, 570311, Hainan Province, China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, No. 48, Baishuitang Road, Longhua District, Haikou City, 570311, Hainan Province, China.
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17
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Ezzat MI, Issa MY, Sallam IE, Zaafar D, Khalil HMA, Mousa MR, Sabry D, Gawish AY, Elghandour AH, Mohsen E. Impact of different processing methods on the phenolics and neuroprotective activity of Fragaria ananassa Duch. extracts in a D-galactose and aluminum chloride-induced rat model of aging. Food Funct 2022; 13:7794-7812. [PMID: 35766389 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo00645f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2023]
Abstract
Age-related diseases, including dementia, are a major health concern affecting daily human life. Strawberry (Fragaria ananassa Duch.) is the most eaten fruit worldwide due to its exceptional aroma and flavor. However, it's rapid softening and decay limit its shelf-life. Freezing and boiling represent the well-known conservation methods to extend its shelf-life. Therefore, we aimed to discover the phytochemical content differences of fresh and processed strawberries associated with investigating and comparing their neuroprotective effects in a rat model of aging. Female Wistar rats were orally pretreated with fresh, boiled, and frozen F. ananassa methanolic extracts (250 mg kg-1) for 2 weeks, and then these extracts were concomitantly exposed to D-galactose [65 mg kg-1, subcutaneously (S/C)] and AlCl3 (200 mg kg-1, orally) for 6 weeks to develop aging-like symptoms. The results of UPLC/ESI-MS phytochemical profiling revealed 36 secondary metabolites, including phenolics, flavonoids, and their glycoside derivatives. Compared with boiled and frozen extracts, the fresh extract ameliorated the behavioral deficits including anxiety and cognitive dysfunction, upregulated brain HO-1 and Nrf2 levels, and markedly reduced caspase-3 and PPAR-γ levels. Moreover, LDH and miRNA-9, 124 and 132 protein expressions were reduced. The histological architecture of the brain hippocampus was restored and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) immunoexpression was downregulated. In conclusion, the fresh extract has neuroprotective activity that could have a promising role in ameliorating age-related neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa I Ezzat
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Ainy Street, Cairo, 11562, Egypt.
| | - Marwa Y Issa
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Ainy Street, Cairo, 11562, Egypt.
| | - Ibrahim E Sallam
- Pharmacognosy Department, College of Pharmacy, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts (MSA), 6th of October City, 12566, Egypt
| | - Dalia Zaafar
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Modern University for Technology and Information, el-Mokattam, Cairo, 11581, Egypt
| | - Heba M A Khalil
- Veterinary Hygiene and Management Department, Faculty of Vet. Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt
| | - Mohamed R Mousa
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Vet. Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt
| | - Dina Sabry
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, 11562, Egypt
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Badr University, 11829, Egypt
| | - Aya Y Gawish
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Modern University for Technology and Information, el-Mokattam, Cairo, 11581, Egypt
| | - Ahmed H Elghandour
- Communication Department, Military Technical College, Cairo, 11766, Egypt
| | - Engy Mohsen
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Ainy Street, Cairo, 11562, Egypt.
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18
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Liu Y, Cheng X, Li H, Hui S, Zhang Z, Xiao Y, Peng W. Non-Coding RNAs as Novel Regulators of Neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's Disease. Front Immunol 2022; 13:908076. [PMID: 35720333 PMCID: PMC9201920 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.908076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is one of the most common causes of dementia. Although significant breakthroughs have been made in understanding the progression and pathogenesis of AD, it remains a worldwide problem and a significant public health burden. Thus, more efficient diagnostic and therapeutic strategies are urgently required. The latest research studies have revealed that neuroinflammation is crucial in the pathogenesis of AD. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), including long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), microRNAs (miRNAs), circular RNAs (circRNAs), PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs), and transfer RNA-derived small RNAs (tsRNAs), have been strongly associated with AD-induced neuroinflammation. Furthermore, several ongoing pre-clinical studies are currently investigating ncRNA as disease biomarkers and therapeutic interventions to provide new perspectives for AD diagnosis and treatment. In this review, the role of different types of ncRNAs in neuroinflammation during AD are summarized in order to improve our understanding of AD etiology and aid in the translation of basic research into clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Liu
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorder, Changsha, China
| | - Xin Cheng
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorder, Changsha, China
| | - Hongli Li
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorder, Changsha, China
| | - Shan Hui
- Department of Geratology, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Zheyu Zhang
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorder, Changsha, China
| | - Yang Xiao
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, Changsha, China.,Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Weijun Peng
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorder, Changsha, China
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Klyucherev TO, Olszewski P, Shalimova AA, Chubarev VN, Tarasov VV, Attwood MM, Syvänen S, Schiöth HB. Advances in the development of new biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease. Transl Neurodegener 2022; 11:25. [PMID: 35449079 PMCID: PMC9027827 DOI: 10.1186/s40035-022-00296-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a complex, heterogeneous, progressive disease and is the most common type of neurodegenerative dementia. The prevalence of AD is expected to increase as the population ages, placing an additional burden on national healthcare systems. There is a large need for new diagnostic tests that can detect AD at an early stage with high specificity at relatively low cost. The development of modern analytical diagnostic tools has made it possible to determine several biomarkers of AD with high specificity, including pathogenic proteins, markers of synaptic dysfunction, and markers of inflammation in the blood. There is a considerable potential in using microRNA (miRNA) as markers of AD, and diagnostic studies based on miRNA panels suggest that AD could potentially be determined with high accuracy for individual patients. Studies of the retina with improved methods of visualization of the fundus are also showing promising results for the potential diagnosis of the disease. This review focuses on the recent developments of blood, plasma, and ocular biomarkers for the diagnosis of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timofey O Klyucherev
- Department of Neuroscience, Functional Pharmacology, University of Uppsala, Uppsala, Sweden.,Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacy, I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Pawel Olszewski
- Department of Neuroscience, Functional Pharmacology, University of Uppsala, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Alena A Shalimova
- Department of Neuroscience, Functional Pharmacology, University of Uppsala, Uppsala, Sweden.,Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacy, I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladimir N Chubarev
- Institute of Translational Medicine and Biotechnology, I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vadim V Tarasov
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacy, I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia.,Institute of Translational Medicine and Biotechnology, I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Misty M Attwood
- Department of Neuroscience, Functional Pharmacology, University of Uppsala, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Stina Syvänen
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Helgi B Schiöth
- Department of Neuroscience, Functional Pharmacology, University of Uppsala, Uppsala, Sweden.
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20
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Blood-Based Biomarkers for Alzheimer's Disease Diagnosis and Progression: An Overview. Cells 2022; 11:cells11081367. [PMID: 35456047 PMCID: PMC9044750 DOI: 10.3390/cells11081367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease characterized by amyloid-β (Aβ) plaque deposition and neurofibrillary tangle accumulation in the brain. Although several studies have been conducted to unravel the complex and interconnected pathophysiology of AD, clinical trial failure rates have been high, and no disease-modifying therapies are presently available. Fluid biomarker discovery for AD is a rapidly expanding field of research aimed at anticipating disease diagnosis and following disease progression over time. Currently, Aβ1–42, phosphorylated tau, and total tau levels in the cerebrospinal fluid are the best-studied fluid biomarkers for AD, but the need for novel, cheap, less-invasive, easily detectable, and more-accessible markers has recently led to the search for new blood-based molecules. However, despite considerable research activity, a comprehensive and up-to-date overview of the main blood-based biomarker candidates is still lacking. In this narrative review, we discuss the role of proteins, lipids, metabolites, oxidative-stress-related molecules, and cytokines as possible disease biomarkers. Furthermore, we highlight the potential of the emerging miRNAs and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) as diagnostic tools, and we briefly present the role of vitamins and gut-microbiome-related molecules as novel candidates for AD detection and monitoring, thus offering new insights into the diagnosis and progression of this devastating disease.
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21
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Mankhong S, Kim S, Lee S, Kwak HB, Park DH, Joa KL, Kang JH. Development of Alzheimer’s Disease Biomarkers: From CSF- to Blood-Based Biomarkers. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10040850. [PMID: 35453600 PMCID: PMC9025524 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10040850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In the 115 years since the discovery of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), our knowledge, diagnosis, and therapeutics have significantly improved. Biomarkers are the primary tools for clinical research, diagnostics, and therapeutic monitoring in clinical trials. They provide much insightful information, and while they are not clinically used routinely, they help us to understand the mechanisms of this disease. This review charts the journey of AD biomarker discovery and development from cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) amyloid-beta 1-42 (Aβ42), total tau (T-tau), and phosphorylated tau (p-tau) biomarkers and imaging technologies to the next generation of biomarkers. We also discuss advanced high-sensitivity assay platforms for CSF Aβ42, T-tau, p-tau, and blood analysis. The recently proposed Aβ deposition/tau biomarker/neurodegeneration or neuronal injury (ATN) scheme might facilitate the definition of the biological status underpinning AD and offer a common language among researchers across biochemical biomarkers and imaging. Moreover, we highlight blood-based biomarkers for AD that offer a scalable alternative to CSF biomarkers through cost-saving and reduced invasiveness, and may provide an understanding of disease initiation and development. We discuss different groups of blood-based biomarker candidates, their advantages and limitations, and paths forward, from identification and analysis to clinical validation. The development of valid blood-based biomarkers may facilitate the implementation of future AD therapeutics and diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakulrat Mankhong
- Department of Pharmacology, Research Center for Controlling Intercellular Communication, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea; (S.M.); (S.K.)
- Program in Biomedical Science and Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea; (S.L.); (H.-B.K.); (D.-H.P.)
| | - Sujin Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Research Center for Controlling Intercellular Communication, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea; (S.M.); (S.K.)
| | - Seongju Lee
- Program in Biomedical Science and Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea; (S.L.); (H.-B.K.); (D.-H.P.)
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea
| | - Hyo-Bum Kwak
- Program in Biomedical Science and Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea; (S.L.); (H.-B.K.); (D.-H.P.)
- Department of Kinesiology, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea
| | - Dong-Ho Park
- Program in Biomedical Science and Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea; (S.L.); (H.-B.K.); (D.-H.P.)
- Department of Kinesiology, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea
| | - Kyung-Lim Joa
- Department of Physical & Rehabilitation Medicine, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea;
| | - Ju-Hee Kang
- Department of Pharmacology, Research Center for Controlling Intercellular Communication, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea; (S.M.); (S.K.)
- Program in Biomedical Science and Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea; (S.L.); (H.-B.K.); (D.-H.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-32-860-9872
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Fan B, Gu J, Wu J, Sun Y, Huang R, Shen H, Zhang X, Li Z. Circulating Abnormal Extracellular Vesicles: Their Mechanism for Crossing Blood-Brain Barrier, Effects on Central Nervous System and Detection Methods. J Biomed Nanotechnol 2022; 18:640-659. [PMID: 35715917 DOI: 10.1166/jbn.2022.3293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Central nervous system (CNS) diseases are difficult to treat and harmful. Many CNS diseases are secondary to peripheral diseases, such as tumor brain metastases (BMS), viral infections and inflammation of the brain, and their pathogenic factors travel through the circulatory system to the brain, eventually leading to lesions. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) play an important role in this process. Recent studies have shown that, extracellular EVs can effectively cross the blood- brain barrier (BBB) through endocytosis and they transmit molecular signals in cell-to-cell communication. Abnormal EVs produced in the lesion portion transport pathogenic factors, including miRNAs, proteins, and virions into the CNS. These pathogenic factors participate in cellular pathways to interfere with homeostasis or are themselves pathogens that directly damage CNS. In addition, different or specific pathological molecules in EVs are potential disease markers. We herein reviewed pathways through which the abnormal EVs cross BBB and adverse effects of abnormal exosomes. We also and summarized their existing detection techniques, so as to provide basis for prevention and early diagnosis of secondary diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boyue Fan
- Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Jiangsu University, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Jiaqi Gu
- Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Jiangsu University, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Jie Wu
- Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Jiangsu University, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Yifan Sun
- Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Jiangsu University, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Rongrong Huang
- Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Jiangsu University, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Han Shen
- Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Jiangsu University, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Jiangsu University, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Zhiyang Li
- Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Jiangsu University, Nanjing, 210008, China
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23
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De Sousa RAL, Improta-Caria AC. Regulation of microRNAs in Alzheimer´s disease, type 2 diabetes, and aerobic exercise training. Metab Brain Dis 2022; 37:559-580. [PMID: 35075500 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-022-00903-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common type of dementia. The evolution and aggregation of amyloid beta (β) oligomers is linked to insulin resistance in AD, which is also the major characteristic of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Being physically inactive can contribute to the development of AD and/or T2D. Aerobic exercise training (AET), a type of physical exercise, can be useful in preventing or treating the negative outcomes of AD and T2D. AD, T2D and AET can regulate the expression of microRNAs (miRNAs). Here, we review some of the changes in miRNAs expression regulated by AET, AD and T2D. MiRNAs play an important role in the gene regulation of key signaling pathways in both pathologies, AD and T2D. MiRNA dysregulation is evident in AD and has been associated with several neuropathological alterations, such as the development of a reactive gliosis. Expression of miRNAs are associated with many pathophysiological mechanisms involved in T2D like insulin synthesis, insulin resistance, glucose intolerance, hyperglycemia, intracellular signaling, and lipid profile. AET regulates miRNAs levels. We identified 5 miRNAs (miR-21, miR-29a/b, miR-103, miR-107, and miR-195) that regulate gene expression and are modulated by AET on AD and T2D. The identified miRNAs are potential targets to treat the symptoms of AD and T2D. Thus, AET is a non-pharmacological tool that can be used to prevent and fight the negative outcomes in AD and T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Augusto Leoni De Sousa
- Programa Multicêntrico de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências Fisiológicas- Sociedade Brasileira de Fisiologia (SBFis), Universidade Federal Dos Vales Do Jequitinhonha E Mucuri (UFVJM), Campus JK, Rodovia MGT 367, Km 583, Alto da Jacuba, nº 5000, Diamantina, Minas Gerais, CEP 39100-000, Brazil.
| | - Alex Cleber Improta-Caria
- Post-Graduate Program in Medicine and Health, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Bahia, Bahia, Brazil
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24
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Roy B, Lee E, Li T, Rampersaud M. Role of miRNAs in Neurodegeneration: From Disease Cause to Tools of Biomarker Discovery and Therapeutics. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13030425. [PMID: 35327979 PMCID: PMC8951370 DOI: 10.3390/genes13030425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases originate from neuronal loss in the central nervous system (CNS). These debilitating diseases progress with age and have become common due to an increase in longevity. The National Institute of Environmental Health Science’s 2021 annual report suggests around 6.2 million Americans are living with Alzheimer’s disease, and there is a possibility that there will be 1.2 million Parkinson’s disease patients in the USA by 2030. There is no clear-cut universal mechanism for identifying neurodegenerative diseases, and therefore, they pose a challenge for neurobiology scientists. Genetic and environmental factors modulate these diseases leading to familial or sporadic forms. Prior studies have shown that miRNA levels are altered during the course of the disease, thereby suggesting that these noncoding RNAs may be the contributing factor in neurodegeneration. In this review, we highlight the role of miRNAs in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases. Through this review, we aim to achieve four main objectives: First, we highlight how dysregulation of miRNA biogenesis led to these diseases. Second, we highlight the computational or bioinformatics tools required to identify the putative molecular targets of miRNAs, leading to biological molecular pathways or mechanisms involved in these diseases. Third, we focus on the dysregulation of miRNAs and their target genes leading to several neurodegenerative diseases. In the final section, we highlight the use of miRNAs as potential diagnostic biomarkers in the early asymptomatic preclinical diagnosis of these age-dependent debilitating diseases. Additionally, we discuss the challenges and advances in the development of miRNA therapeutics for brain targeting. We list some of the innovative strategies employed to deliver miRNA into target cells and the relevance of these viral and non-viral carrier systems in RNA therapy for neurodegenerative diseases. In summary, this review highlights the relevance of studying brain-enriched miRNAs, the mechanisms underlying their regulation of target gene expression, their dysregulation leading to progressive neurodegeneration, and their potential for biomarker marker and therapeutic intervention. This review thereby highlights ways for the effective diagnosis and prevention of these neurodegenerative disorders in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bidisha Roy
- Life Science Centre, Department of Biological Sciences, Rutgers University-Newark, Newark, NJ 07012, USA
- Correspondence:
| | - Erica Lee
- Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA; (E.L.); (T.L.); (M.R.)
| | - Teresa Li
- Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA; (E.L.); (T.L.); (M.R.)
| | - Maria Rampersaud
- Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA; (E.L.); (T.L.); (M.R.)
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Tsamou M, Carpi D, Pistollato F, Roggen EL. Sporadic Alzheimer's Disease- and Neurotoxicity-Related microRNAs Affecting Key Events of Tau-Driven Adverse Outcome Pathway Toward Memory Loss. J Alzheimers Dis 2022; 86:1427-1457. [PMID: 35213375 DOI: 10.3233/jad-215434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A complex network of aging-related homeostatic pathways that are sensitive to further deterioration in the presence of genetic, systemic, and environmental risk factors, and lifestyle, is implicated in the pathogenesis of progressive neurodegenerative diseases, such as sporadic (late-onset) Alzheimer's disease (sAD). OBJECTIVE Since sAD pathology and neurotoxicity share microRNAs (miRs) regulating common as well as overlapping pathological processes, environmental neurotoxic compounds are hypothesized to exert a risk for sAD initiation and progression. METHODS Literature search for miRs associated with human sAD and environmental neurotoxic compounds was conducted. Functional miR analysis using PathDip was performed to create miR-target interaction networks. RESULTS The identified miRs were successfully linked to the hypothetical starting point and key events of the earlier proposed tau-driven adverse outcome pathway toward memory loss. Functional miR analysis confirmed most of the findings retrieved from literature and revealed some interesting findings. The analysis identified 40 miRs involved in both sAD and neurotoxicity that dysregulated processes governing the plausible adverse outcome pathway for memory loss. CONCLUSION Creating miR-target interaction networks related to pathological processes involved in sAD initiation and progression, and environmental chemical-induced neurotoxicity, respectively, provided overlapping miR-target interaction networks. This overlap offered an opportunity to create an alternative picture of the mechanisms underlying sAD initiation and early progression. Looking at initiation and progression of sAD from this new angle may open for new biomarkers and novel drug targets for sAD before the appearance of the first clinical symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Tsamou
- ToxGenSolutions (TGS), Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Donatella Carpi
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra VA, Italy
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Xu A, Kouznetsova VL, Tsigelny IF. Alzheimer's Disease Diagnostics Using miRNA Biomarkers and Machine Learning. J Alzheimers Dis 2022; 86:841-859. [PMID: 35147545 DOI: 10.3233/jad-215502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The current standard for Alzheimer's disease (AD) diagnosis is often imprecise, as with memory tests, and invasive or expensive, as with brain scans. However, the dysregulation patterns of miRNA in blood hold potential as useful biomarkers for the non-invasive diagnosis and even treatment of AD. OBJECTIVE The goal of this research is to elucidate new miRNA biomarkers and create a machine-learning (ML) model for the diagnosis of AD. METHODS We utilized pathways and target gene networks related to confirmed miRNA biomarkers in AD diagnosis and created multiple models to use for diagnostics based on the significant differences among miRNA expression between blood profiles (serum and plasma). RESULTS The best performing serum-based ML model, trained on filtered disease-specific miRNA datasets, was able to identify miRNA biomarkers with 92.0% accuracy and the best performing plasma-based ML model, trained on filtered disease-specific miRNA datasets, was able to identify miRNA biomarkers with 90.9% accuracy. Through analysis of AD implicated miRNA, thousands of descriptors reliant on target gene and pathways were created which can then be used to identify novel biomarkers and strengthen disease diagnosis. CONCLUSION Development of a ML model including miRNA and their genomic and pathway descriptors made it possible to achieve considerable accuracy for the prediction of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Xu
- IUL Science Internship Program, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Valentina L Kouznetsova
- San Diego Supercomputer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.,BiAna, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Igor F Tsigelny
- San Diego Supercomputer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.,BiAna, San Diego, CA, USA.,Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
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Mahaman YAR, Embaye KS, Huang F, Li L, Zhu F, Wang JZ, Liu R, Feng J, Wang X. Biomarkers used in Alzheimer's disease diagnosis, treatment, and prevention. Ageing Res Rev 2022; 74:101544. [PMID: 34933129 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2021.101544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), being the number one in terms of dementia burden, is an insidious age-related neurodegenerative disease and is presently considered a global public health threat. Its main histological hallmarks are the Aβ senile plaques and the P-tau neurofibrillary tangles, while clinically it is marked by a progressive cognitive decline that reflects the underlying synaptic loss and neurodegeneration. Many of the drug therapies targeting the two pathological hallmarks namely Aβ and P-tau have been proven futile. This is probably attributed to the initiation of therapy at a stage where cognitive alterations are already obvious. In other words, the underlying neuropathological changes are at a stage where these drugs lack any therapeutic value in reversing the damage. Therefore, there is an urgent need to start treatment in the very early stage where these changes can be reversed, and hence, early diagnosis is of primordial importance. To this aim, the use of robust and informative biomarkers that could provide accurate diagnosis preferably at an earlier phase of the disease is of the essence. To date, several biomarkers have been established that, to a different extent, allow researchers and clinicians to evaluate, diagnose, and more specially exclude other related pathologies. In this study, we extensively reviewed data on the currently explored biomarkers in terms of AD pathology-specific and non-specific biomarkers and highlighted the recent developments in the diagnostic and theragnostic domains. In the end, we have presented a separate elaboration on aspects of future perspectives and concluding remarks.
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28
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Sun C, Liu J, Duan F, Cong L, Qi X. The role of the microRNA regulatory network in Alzheimer's disease: a bioinformatics analysis. Arch Med Sci 2022; 18:206-222. [PMID: 35154541 PMCID: PMC8826944 DOI: 10.5114/aoms/80619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease which presents with an earlier age of onset and increased symptom severity. The objective of this study was to evaluate the relationship between regulation of miRNAs and AD. MATERIAL AND METHODS We completed a bioinformatic analysis of miRNA-AD studies through multiple databases such as TargetScan, Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery (DAVID), FunRich and String and assessed which miRNAs are commonly elevated or decreased in brain tissues, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and blood of AD patients. All identified articles were assessed using specific inclusion and exclusion criteria. RESULTS MiRNAs related to AD of twenty-eight studies were assessed in this study. A wide range of miRNAs were up-regulated or down-regulated in tissues of AD patients' brain, blood and CSF. Twenty-seven differentially dysregulated miRNAs involved in amyloidogenesis, inflammation, tau phosphorylation, apoptosis, synaptogenesis, neurotrophism, neuron degradation, and activation of cell cycle entry were identified. Additionally, our bioinformatics analysis identified the top ten functions of common miRNAs in candidate studies. The functions of common up-regulated miRNAs primarily target the nucleus and common down-regulated miRNAs primarily target transcription, DNA-templated. CONCLUSIONS Comprehensive analysis of all miRNA studies reveals cooperation in miRNA signatures whether in brain tissues or in CSF and peripheral blood. More and more studies suggest that miRNAs may play crucial roles as diagnostic biomarkers and/or as new therapeutic targets in AD. According to biomarkers, we can identify the preclinical phase early, which provides an important time window for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenjing Sun
- Department of Neurology, PLA Navy General Hospital, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Jianguo Liu
- Department of Neurology, PLA Navy General Hospital, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Duan
- Department of Neurology, PLA Navy General Hospital, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Cong
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Heping District, Shenyang City, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Xiaokun Qi
- Department of Neurology, PLA Navy General Hospital, Haidian District, Beijing, China
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Belkozhayev AM, Al-Yozbaki M, George A, Niyazova RY, Sharipov KO, Byrne LJ, Wilson CM. Extracellular Vesicles, Stem Cells and the Role of miRNAs in Neurodegeneration. Curr Neuropharmacol 2022; 20:1450-1478. [PMID: 34414870 PMCID: PMC9881087 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x19666210817150141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
There are different modalities of intercellular communication governed by cellular homeostasis. In this review, we will explore one of these forms of communication called extracellular vesicles (EVs). These vesicles are released by all cells in the body and are heterogeneous in nature. The primary function of EVs is to share information through their cargo consisting of proteins, lipids and nucleic acids (mRNA, miRNA, dsDNA etc.) with other cells, which have a direct consequence on their microenvironment. We will focus on the role of EVs of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in the nervous system and how these participate in intercellular communication to maintain physiological function and provide neuroprotection. However, deregulation of this same communication system could play a role in several neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, multiple sclerosis, prion disease and Huntington's disease. The release of EVs from a cell provides crucial information to what is happening inside the cell and thus could be used in diagnostics and therapy. We will discuss and explore new avenues for the clinical applications of using engineered MSC-EVs and their potential therapeutic benefit in treating neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayaz M. Belkozhayev
- Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Almaty, Republic of Kazakhstan
- Structural and Functional Genomics Laboratory of M.A. Aitkhozhin Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Almaty, Republic of Kazakhstan
| | - Minnatallah Al-Yozbaki
- Canterbury Christ Church University, School of Human and Life Sciences, Life Sciences Industry Liaison Lab, Sandwich, UK
| | - Alex George
- Canterbury Christ Church University, School of Human and Life Sciences, Life Sciences Industry Liaison Lab, Sandwich, UK
- Jubilee Centre for Medical Research, Jubilee Mission Medical College & Research Institute, Thrissur, Kerala, India
| | - Raigul Ye Niyazova
- Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Almaty, Republic of Kazakhstan
| | - Kamalidin O. Sharipov
- Structural and Functional Genomics Laboratory of M.A. Aitkhozhin Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Almaty, Republic of Kazakhstan
| | - Lee J. Byrne
- Canterbury Christ Church University, School of Human and Life Sciences, Life Sciences Industry Liaison Lab, Sandwich, UK
| | - Cornelia M. Wilson
- Canterbury Christ Church University, School of Human and Life Sciences, Life Sciences Industry Liaison Lab, Sandwich, UK
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30
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Gonzales MM, Krishnamurthy S, Garbarino V, Daeihagh AS, Gillispie GJ, Deep G, Craft S, Orr ME. A geroscience motivated approach to treat Alzheimer's disease: Senolytics move to clinical trials. Mech Ageing Dev 2021; 200:111589. [PMID: 34687726 PMCID: PMC9059898 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2021.111589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The pathogenic processes driving Alzheimer's disease (AD) are complex. An incomplete understanding of underlying disease mechanisms has presented insurmountable obstacles for developing effective disease-modifying therapies. Advanced chronological age is the greatest risk factor for developing AD. Intervening on biological aging may alter disease progression and represents a novel, complementary approach to current strategies. Toward this end, cellular senescence has emerged as a promising target. This complex stress response harbors damaged cells in a cell cycle arrested, apoptosis-resistant cell state. Senescent cells accumulate with age where they notoriously secrete molecules that contribute to chronic tissue dysfunction and disease. Thus, benefits of cell survival in a senescent fate are countered by their toxic secretome. The removal of senescent cells improves brain structure and function in rodent models at risk of developing AD, and in those with advanced Aβ and tau pathology. The present review describes the path to translating this promising treatment strategy to AD clinical trials. We review evidence for senescent cell accumulation in the human brain, considerations and strategies for senescence-targeting trials specific to AD, approaches to detect senescent brain cells in biofluids, and summarize the goals of the first senolytic trials for the treatment of AD (NCT04063124 and NCT04685590). This article is part of the Special Issue - Senolytics - Edited by Joao Passos and Diana Jurk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitzi M Gonzales
- Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Sudarshan Krishnamurthy
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA; Bowman Gray Center for Medical Education, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Valentina Garbarino
- Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Ali S Daeihagh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Gregory J Gillispie
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Gagan Deep
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Suzanne Craft
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA; Sticht Center for Healthy Aging and Alzheimer's Prevention, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Miranda E Orr
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA; Sticht Center for Healthy Aging and Alzheimer's Prevention, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA; Salisbury VA Medical Center, Salisbury, NC, USA.
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31
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Gonzales MM, Krishnamurthy S, Garbarino V, Daeihagh AS, Gillispie GJ, Deep G, Craft S, Orr ME. A geroscience motivated approach to treat Alzheimer’s disease: Senolytics move to clinical trials. Mech Ageing Dev 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2021.111589
expr 868687188 + 807217478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
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Liang Y, Wang L. Inflamma-MicroRNAs in Alzheimer's Disease: From Disease Pathogenesis to Therapeutic Potentials. Front Cell Neurosci 2021; 15:785433. [PMID: 34776873 PMCID: PMC8581643 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2021.785433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common cause of senile dementia. Although AD research has made important breakthroughs, the pathogenesis of this disease remains unclear, and specific AD diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic strategies are still lacking. Recent studies have demonstrated that neuroinflammation is involved in AD pathogenesis and is closely related to other health effects. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of endogenous short sequence non-coding RNAs that indirectly inhibit translation or directly degrade messenger RNA (mRNA) by specifically binding to its 3′ untranslated region (UTR). Several broadly expressed miRNAs including miR-21, miR-146a, and miR-155, have now been shown to regulate microglia/astrocytes activation. Other miRNAs, including miR-126 and miR-132, show a progressive link to the neuroinflammatory signaling. Therefore, further studies on these inflamma-miRNAs may shed light on the pathological mechanisms of AD. The differential expression of inflamma-miRNAs (such as miR-29a, miR-125b, and miR-126-5p) in the peripheral circulation may respond to AD progression, similar to inflammation, and therefore may become potential diagnostic biomarkers for AD. Moreover, inflamma-miRNAs could also be promising therapeutic targets for AD treatment. This review provides insights into the role of inflamma-miRNAs in AD, as well as an overview of general inflamma-miRNA biology, their implications in pathophysiology, and their potential roles as biomarkers and therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Liang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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33
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Effects of exosomal miRNAs in the diagnosis and treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Mech Ageing Dev 2021; 200:111593. [PMID: 34756925 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2021.111593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease. Exosomes are extracellular vesicles secreted by a variety of cells, and they participate in intercellular communication by transferring microRNA (miRNA) and other substances. Among the various internal and external factors involved in the occurrence and development of AD, exosome-derived miRNAs have become essential in the pathogenesis and treatment of AD. As nanocarriers of miRNA, exosomes are expected to become an important tool in the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of AD. This article reviews the roles of exosomal miRNAs in the pathophysiological process, diagnostic biomarkers and treatment of AD.
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Abuelezz NZ, Nasr FE, AbdulKader MA, Bassiouny AR, Zaky A. MicroRNAs as Potential Orchestrators of Alzheimer's Disease-Related Pathologies: Insights on Current Status and Future Possibilities. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:743573. [PMID: 34712129 PMCID: PMC8546247 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.743573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive and deleterious neurodegenerative disease, strongly affecting the cognitive functions and memory of seniors worldwide. Around 58% of the affected patients live in low and middle-income countries, with estimates of increasing deaths caused by AD in the coming decade. AD is a multifactor pathology. Mitochondrial function declines in AD brain and is currently emerging as a hallmark of this disease. It has been considered as one of the intracellular processes severely compromised in AD. Many mitochondrial parameters decline already during aging; mitochondrial efficiency for energy production, reactive oxygen species (ROS) metabolism and the de novo synthesis of pyrimidines, to reach an extensive functional failure, concomitant with the onset of neurodegenerative conditions. Besides its impact on cognitive functions, AD is characterized by loss of synapses, extracellular amyloid plaques composed of the amyloid-β peptide (Aβ), and intracellular aggregates of hyperphosphorylated Tau protein, accompanied by drastic sleep disorders, sensory function alterations and pain sensitization. Unfortunately, till date, effective management of AD-related disorders and early, non-invasive AD diagnostic markers are yet to be found. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding nucleic acids that regulate key signaling pathway(s) in various disease conditions. About 70% of experimentally detectable miRNAs are expressed in the brain where they regulate neurite outgrowth, dendritic spine morphology, and synaptic plasticity. Increasing studies suggest that miRNAs are intimately involved in synaptic function and specific signals during memory formation. This has been the pivotal key for considering miRNAs crucial molecules to be studied in AD. MicroRNAs dysfunctions are increasingly acknowledged as a pivotal contributor in AD via deregulating genes involved in AD pathogenesis. Moreover, miRNAs have been proved to control pain sensitization processes and regulate circadian clock system that affects the sleep process. Interestingly, the differential expression of miRNA panels implies their emerging potential as diagnostic AD biomarkers. In this review, we will present an updated analysis of miRNAs role in regulating signaling processes that are involved in AD-related pathologies. We will discuss the current challenges against wider use of miRNAs and the future promising capabilities of miRNAs as diagnostic and therapeutic means for better management of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nermeen Z Abuelezz
- Biochemistry Department, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Manufacturing, Misr University for Science and Technology, Giza, Egypt
| | - Fayza Eid Nasr
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | | | - Ahmad R Bassiouny
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Amira Zaky
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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Dakterzada F, David Benítez I, Targa A, Lladó A, Torres G, Romero L, de Gonzalo-Calvo D, Moncusí-Moix A, Tort-Merino A, Huerto R, Sánchez-de-la-Torre M, Barbé F, Piñol-Ripoll G. Reduced Levels of miR-342-5p in Plasma Are Associated With Worse Cognitive Evolution in Patients With Mild Alzheimer's Disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:705989. [PMID: 34497505 PMCID: PMC8421031 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.705989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Progressive cognitive decline is the most relevant clinical symptom of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). However, the rate of cognitive decline is highly variable between patients. Synaptic deficits are the neuropathological event most correlated with cognitive impairment in AD. Considering the important role of microRNAs (miRNAs) in regulating synaptic plasticity, our objective was to identify the plasma miRNAs associated with the rate of cognitive decline in patients with mild AD. Methods We analyzed 754 plasma miRNAs from 19 women diagnosed with mild AD using TaqMan low-density array cards. The patients were grouped based on the rate of decline in the MMSE score after 2 years [<4 points (N = 11) and ≥4 points (N = 8)]. The differentially expressed miRNAs between the two groups were validated in an independent cohort of men and women (N = 53) with mild AD using RT-qPCR. Results In the discovery cohort, 17 miRNAs were differentially expressed according to the fold change between patients with faster declines in cognition and those with slower declines. miR-342-5p demonstrated differential expression between the groups and a good correlation with the rate of cognitive decline in the validation cohort (r = −0.28; p = 0.026). This miRNA had a lower expression level in patients who suffered from more severe decline than in those who were cognitively more stable after 2 years (p = 0.049). Conclusion Lower levels of miR-342-5p in plasma were associated with faster cognitive decline in patients with mild AD after 2 years of follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farida Dakterzada
- Unitat Trastorns Cognitius, Clinical Neuroscience Research, Santa Maria University Hospital, IRBLleida, Lleida, Spain
| | - Iván David Benítez
- Translational Research in Respiratory Medicine, Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova-Santa Maria, IRBLleida, Lleida, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain
| | - Adriano Targa
- Translational Research in Respiratory Medicine, Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova-Santa Maria, IRBLleida, Lleida, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain
| | - Albert Lladó
- Alzheimer's Disease and Other Cognitive Disorders Unit, Neurology Department, Hospital Clínic, Institut D'Investigacion Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gerard Torres
- Translational Research in Respiratory Medicine, Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova-Santa Maria, IRBLleida, Lleida, Spain
| | - Leila Romero
- Unitat Trastorns Cognitius, Clinical Neuroscience Research, Santa Maria University Hospital, IRBLleida, Lleida, Spain
| | - David de Gonzalo-Calvo
- Translational Research in Respiratory Medicine, Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova-Santa Maria, IRBLleida, Lleida, Spain
| | - Anna Moncusí-Moix
- Translational Research in Respiratory Medicine, Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova-Santa Maria, IRBLleida, Lleida, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain
| | - Adria Tort-Merino
- Alzheimer's Disease and Other Cognitive Disorders Unit, Neurology Department, Hospital Clínic, Institut D'Investigacion Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Raquel Huerto
- Unitat Trastorns Cognitius, Clinical Neuroscience Research, Santa Maria University Hospital, IRBLleida, Lleida, Spain
| | - Manuel Sánchez-de-la-Torre
- Translational Research in Respiratory Medicine, Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova-Santa Maria, IRBLleida, Lleida, Spain.,Group of Precision Medicine in Chronic Diseases, Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova-Santa Maria, IRBLleida, Lleida, Spain
| | - Ferran Barbé
- Translational Research in Respiratory Medicine, Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova-Santa Maria, IRBLleida, Lleida, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain
| | - Gerard Piñol-Ripoll
- Unitat Trastorns Cognitius, Clinical Neuroscience Research, Santa Maria University Hospital, IRBLleida, Lleida, Spain
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García-Fonseca Á, Martin-Jimenez C, Barreto GE, Pachón AFA, González J. The Emerging Role of Long Non-Coding RNAs and MicroRNAs in Neurodegenerative Diseases: A Perspective of Machine Learning. Biomolecules 2021; 11:1132. [PMID: 34439798 PMCID: PMC8391852 DOI: 10.3390/biom11081132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) are characterized by progressive neuronal dysfunction and death of brain cells population. As the early manifestations of NDs are similar, their symptoms are difficult to distinguish, making the timely detection and discrimination of each neurodegenerative disorder a priority. Several investigations have revealed the importance of microRNAs and long non-coding RNAs in neurodevelopment, brain function, maturation, and neuronal activity, as well as its dysregulation involved in many types of neurological diseases. Therefore, the expression pattern of these molecules in the different NDs have gained significant attention to improve the diagnostic and treatment at earlier stages. In this sense, we gather the different microRNAs and long non-coding RNAs that have been reported as dysregulated in each disorder. Since there are a vast number of non-coding RNAs altered in NDs, some sort of synthesis, filtering and organization method should be applied to extract the most relevant information. Hence, machine learning is considered as an important tool for this purpose since it can classify expression profiles of non-coding RNAs between healthy and sick people. Therefore, we deepen in this branch of computer science, its different methods, and its meaningful application in the diagnosis of NDs from the dysregulated non-coding RNAs. In addition, we demonstrate the relevance of machine learning in NDs from the description of different investigations that showed an accuracy between 85% to 95% in the detection of the disease with this tool. All of these denote that artificial intelligence could be an excellent alternative to help the clinical diagnosis and facilitate the identification diseases in early stages based on non-coding RNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ángela García-Fonseca
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá 110231, Colombia; (Á.G.-F.); (C.M.-J.); (A.F.A.P.)
| | - Cynthia Martin-Jimenez
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá 110231, Colombia; (Á.G.-F.); (C.M.-J.); (A.F.A.P.)
| | - George E. Barreto
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Limerick, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland;
| | - Andres Felipe Aristizábal Pachón
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá 110231, Colombia; (Á.G.-F.); (C.M.-J.); (A.F.A.P.)
| | - Janneth González
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá 110231, Colombia; (Á.G.-F.); (C.M.-J.); (A.F.A.P.)
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Zhang WT, Zhang GX, Gao SS. The potential diagnostic accuracy of circulating microRNAs for Alzheimer's disease: A meta-analysis. Neurologia 2021:S0213-4853(21)00103-1. [PMID: 34301434 DOI: 10.1016/j.nrl.2021.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive and irreversible neurodegenerative disease that seriously affects cognitive ability and has become a key public health problem. Many studies have identified the possibility of peripheral blood microRNA as effective non-invasive biomarkers for AD diagnosis, but the results are inconsistent. Therefore, we carried out this meta-analysis to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of circulating microRNAs in the diagnosis of AD patients. METHODS We performed a systematic literature search of the following databases: PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Wanfang database and China National Knowledge Infrastructure, updated to March 15, 2021. A random effects model was used to pool the sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio, negative likelihood ratio, diagnostic odds ratio and area under the curve. Meta-regression and subgroup analysis were performed to explore the sources of heterogeneity, and Deeks' funnel plot was used to assess whether there was publication bias. RESULTS 62 studies from 18 articles were included in this meta-analysis. The pooled sensitivity was 0.82 (95% CI: 0.78-0.85), specificity was 0.80 (95% CI: 0.76-0.83), PLR was 4. 1 (95% CI: 3.4-4.9), NLR was 0.23 (95% CI: 0.19-0.28), DOR was 18 (95% CI: 13-25) and AUC was 0.88 (95% CI: 0.84-0.90). Subgroup analysis shows that the microRNA clusters of plasma type performed a better diagnostic accuracy of AD patients. In addition, publication bias was not found. CONCLUSIONS Circulating microRNAs can be used as a promising non-invasive biomarker in AD diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- W T Zhang
- Xi'an Daxing Hospital, Shaanxi, China; International Doctoral School, University of Seville, Spain
| | - G X Zhang
- International Doctoral School, University of Seville, Spain
| | - S S Gao
- Xi'an Daxing Hospital, Shaanxi, China; International Doctoral School, University of Seville, Spain.
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Yuen SC, Liang X, Zhu H, Jia Y, Leung SW. Prediction of differentially expressed microRNAs in blood as potential biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease by meta-analysis and adaptive boosting ensemble learning. Alzheimers Res Ther 2021; 13:126. [PMID: 34243793 PMCID: PMC8272278 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-021-00862-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Blood circulating microRNAs that are specific for Alzheimer's disease (AD) can be identified from differentially expressed microRNAs (DEmiRNAs). However, non-reproducible and inconsistent reports of DEmiRNAs hinder biomarker development. The most reliable DEmiRNAs can be identified by meta-analysis. To enrich the pool of DEmiRNAs for potential AD biomarkers, we used a machine learning method called adaptive boosting for miRNA disease association (ABMDA) to identify eligible candidates that share similar characteristics with the DEmiRNAs identified from meta-analysis. This study aimed to identify blood circulating DEmiRNAs as potential AD biomarkers by augmenting meta-analysis with the ABMDA ensemble learning method. METHODS Studies on DEmiRNAs and their dysregulation states were corroborated with one another by meta-analysis based on a random-effects model. DEmiRNAs identified by meta-analysis were collected as positive examples of miRNA-AD pairs for ABMDA ensemble learning. ABMDA identified similar DEmiRNAs according to a set of predefined criteria. The biological significance of all resulting DEmiRNAs was determined by their target genes according to pathway enrichment analyses. The target genes common to both meta-analysis- and ABMDA-identified DEmiRNAs were collected to construct a network to investigate their biological functions. RESULTS A systematic database search found 7841 studies for an extensive meta-analysis, covering 54 independent comparisons of 47 differential miRNA expression studies, and identified 18 reliable DEmiRNAs. ABMDA ensemble learning was conducted based on the meta-analysis results and the Human MicroRNA Disease Database, which identified 10 additional AD-related DEmiRNAs. These 28 DEmiRNAs and their dysregulated pathways were related to neuroinflammation. The dysregulated pathway related to neuronal cell cycle re-entry (CCR) was the only statistically significant pathway of the ABMDA-identified DEmiRNAs. In the biological network constructed from 1865 common target genes of the identified DEmiRNAs, the multiple core ubiquitin-proteasome system, that is involved in neuroinflammation and CCR, was highly connected. CONCLUSION This study identified 28 DEmiRNAs as potential AD biomarkers in blood, by meta-analysis and ABMDA ensemble learning in tandem. The DEmiRNAs identified by meta-analysis and ABMDA were significantly related to neuroinflammation, and the ABMDA-identified DEmiRNAs were related to neuronal CCR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sze Chung Yuen
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, 999078 Macao China
| | - Xiaonan Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, 999078 Macao China
| | - Hongmei Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, 999078 Macao China
| | - Yongliang Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, 999078 Macao China
- BGI College & Henan Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan China
| | - Siu-wai Leung
- Shenzhen Institute of Artificial Intelligence and Robotics for Society, Shenzhen, China
- Edinburgh Bayes Centre for AI Research in Shenzhen, College of Science and Engineering, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
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Pandey M, Bansal S, Bar S, Yadav AK, Sokol NS, Tennessen JM, Kapahi P, Chawla G. miR-125-chinmo pathway regulates dietary restriction-dependent enhancement of lifespan in Drosophila. eLife 2021; 10:62621. [PMID: 34100717 PMCID: PMC8233039 DOI: 10.7554/elife.62621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Dietary restriction (DR) extends healthy lifespan in diverse species. Age and nutrient-related changes in the abundance of microRNAs (miRNAs) and their processing factors have been linked to organismal longevity. However, the mechanisms by which they modulate lifespan and the tissue-specific role of miRNA-mediated networks in DR-dependent enhancement of lifespan remains largely unexplored. We show that two neuronally enriched and highly conserved microRNAs, miR-125 and let-7 mediate the DR response in Drosophila melanogaster. Functional characterization of miR-125 demonstrates its role in neurons while its target chinmo acts both in neurons and the fat body to modulate fat metabolism and longevity. Proteomic analysis revealed that Chinmo exerts its DR effects by regulating the expression of FATP, CG2017, CG9577, CG17554, CG5009, CG8778, CG9527, and FASN1. Our findings identify miR-125 as a conserved effector of the DR pathway and open the avenue for this small RNA molecule and its downstream effectors to be considered as potential drug candidates for the treatment of late-onset diseases and biomarkers for healthy aging in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manish Pandey
- RNA Biology Laboratory, Regional Centre for Biotechnology, Faridabad, India
| | - Sakshi Bansal
- RNA Biology Laboratory, Regional Centre for Biotechnology, Faridabad, India
| | - Sudipta Bar
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, United States
| | - Amit Kumar Yadav
- Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, India
| | - Nicholas S Sokol
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, United States
| | - Jason M Tennessen
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, United States
| | - Pankaj Kapahi
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, United States
| | - Geetanjali Chawla
- RNA Biology Laboratory, Regional Centre for Biotechnology, Faridabad, India
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Apodaca LA, Baddour AAD, Garcia C, Alikhani L, Giedzinski E, Ru N, Agrawal A, Acharya MM, Baulch JE. Human neural stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles mitigate hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease. ALZHEIMERS RESEARCH & THERAPY 2021; 13:57. [PMID: 33676561 PMCID: PMC7937214 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-021-00791-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Background Regenerative therapies to mitigate Alzheimer’s disease (AD) neuropathology have shown very limited success. In the recent era, extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from multipotent and pluripotent stem cells have shown considerable promise for the treatment of dementia and many neurodegenerative conditions. Methods Using the 5xFAD accelerated transgenic mouse model of AD, we now show the regenerative potential of human neural stem cell (hNSC)-derived EVs on the neurocognitive and neuropathologic hallmarks in the AD brain. Two- or 6-month-old 5xFAD mice received single or two intra-venous (retro-orbital vein, RO) injections of hNSC-derived EVs, respectively. Results RO treatment using hNSC-derived EVs restored fear extinction memory consolidation and reduced anxiety-related behaviors 4–6 weeks post-injection. EV treatment also significantly reduced dense core amyloid-beta plaque accumulation and microglial activation in both age groups. These results correlated with partial restoration of homeostatic levels of circulating pro-inflammatory cytokines in the AD mice. Importantly, EV treatment protected against synaptic loss in the AD brain that paralleled improved cognition. MiRNA analysis of the EV cargo revealed promising candidates targeting neuroinflammation and synaptic function. Conclusions Collectively, these data demonstrate the neuroprotective effects of systemic administration of stem cell-derived EVs for remediation of behavioral and molecular AD neuropathologies. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13195-021-00791-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren A Apodaca
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Al Anoud D Baddour
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Camilo Garcia
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Leila Alikhani
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Erich Giedzinski
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Ning Ru
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Anshu Agrawal
- Department of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Munjal M Acharya
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA.
| | - Janet E Baulch
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA.
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Vergallo A, Lista S, Zhao Y, Lemercier P, Teipel SJ, Potier MC, Habert MO, Dubois B, Lukiw WJ, Hampel H. MiRNA-15b and miRNA-125b are associated with regional Aβ-PET and FDG-PET uptake in cognitively normal individuals with subjective memory complaints. Transl Psychiatry 2021; 11:78. [PMID: 33504764 PMCID: PMC7840941 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-020-01184-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
There is substantial experimental evidence for dysregulation of several microRNA (miRNA) expression levels in Alzheimer's disease (AD). MiRNAs modulate critical brain intracellular signaling pathways and are associated with AD core pathophysiological mechanisms. First, we conducted a real-time quantitative PCR-based pilot study to identify a set of brain-enriched miRNAs in a monocentric cohort of cognitively normal individuals with subjective memory complaints, a condition associated with increased risk of AD. Second, we investigated the impact of age, sex, and the Apolipoprotein E ε4 (APOE ε4) allele, on the identified miRNA plasma concentrations. In addition, we explored the cross-sectional and longitudinal association of the miRNAs plasma concentrations with regional brain metabolic uptake using amyloid-β (Aβ)-positron emission tomography (Aβ-PET) and 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose-PET (18F-FDG-PET). We identified a set of six brain-enriched miRNAs-miRNA-125b, miRNA-146a, miRNA-15b, miRNA-148a, miRNA-26b, and miRNA-100. Age, sex, and APOE ε4 allele were not associated with individual miRNA abundance. MiRNA-15b concentrations were significantly lower in the Aβ-PET-positive compared to Aβ-PET-negative individuals. Furthermore, we found a positive effect of the miRNA-15b*time interaction on regional metabolic 18F-FDG-PET uptake in the left hippocampus. Plasma miRNA-125b concentrations, as well as the miRNA-125b*time interaction (over a 2-year follow-up), were negatively associated with regional Aβ-PET standard uptake value ratio in the right anterior cingulate cortex. At baseline, we found a significantly negative association between plasma miRNA-125b concentrations and 18F-FDG-PET uptake in specific brain regions. In an asymptomatic at-risk population for AD, we show significant associations between plasma concentrations of miRNA-125b and miRNA-15b with core neuroimaging biomarkers of AD pathophysiology. Our results, coupled with existing experimental evidence, suggest a potential protective anti-Aβ effect of miRNA-15b and a biological link between miRNA-125b and Aβ-independent neurotoxic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Vergallo
- Sorbonne University, GRC n° 21, Alzheimer Precision Medicine (APM), AP-HP, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Boulevard de l'hôpital, F-75013, Paris, France.
| | - Simone Lista
- Sorbonne University, GRC n° 21, Alzheimer Precision Medicine (APM), AP-HP, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Boulevard de l’hôpital, F-75013 Paris, France ,grid.411439.a0000 0001 2150 9058Brain & Spine Institute (ICM), INSERM U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Boulevard de l’hôpital, F-75013 Paris, France ,grid.411439.a0000 0001 2150 9058Institute of Memory and Alzheimer’s Disease (IM2A), Department of Neurology, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, AP-HP, Boulevard de l’hôpital, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Yuhai Zhao
- grid.279863.10000 0000 8954 1233LSU Neuroscience Center, Louisiana State University Health Science Center, New Orleans, LA 70112 USA ,grid.279863.10000 0000 8954 1233Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Louisiana State University Health Science Center, New Orleans, LA 70112 USA
| | - Pablo Lemercier
- Sorbonne University, GRC n° 21, Alzheimer Precision Medicine (APM), AP-HP, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Boulevard de l’hôpital, F-75013 Paris, France ,grid.411439.a0000 0001 2150 9058Brain & Spine Institute (ICM), INSERM U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Boulevard de l’hôpital, F-75013 Paris, France ,grid.411439.a0000 0001 2150 9058Institute of Memory and Alzheimer’s Disease (IM2A), Department of Neurology, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, AP-HP, Boulevard de l’hôpital, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Stefan J. Teipel
- grid.424247.30000 0004 0438 0426German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Rostock, Germany ,grid.10493.3f0000000121858338Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, University Medicine Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Marie-Claude Potier
- grid.411439.a0000 0001 2150 9058ICM Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, CNRS UMR7225, INSERM U1127, UPMC, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, 47 Bd de l’Hôpital, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Marie-Odile Habert
- grid.503298.50000 0004 0370 0969Sorbonne Université, CNRS, INSERM, Laboratoire d’Imagerie Biomédicale, F-75013 Paris, France ,Centre pour l’Acquisition et le Traitement des Images (www.cati-neuroimaging.com), Paris, France ,grid.411439.a0000 0001 2150 9058AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Département de Médecine Nucléaire, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Bruno Dubois
- Sorbonne University, GRC n° 21, Alzheimer Precision Medicine (APM), AP-HP, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Boulevard de l’hôpital, F-75013 Paris, France ,grid.411439.a0000 0001 2150 9058Brain & Spine Institute (ICM), INSERM U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Boulevard de l’hôpital, F-75013 Paris, France ,grid.411439.a0000 0001 2150 9058Institute of Memory and Alzheimer’s Disease (IM2A), Department of Neurology, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, AP-HP, Boulevard de l’hôpital, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Walter J. Lukiw
- Alchem Biotech Research, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8 Canada ,grid.279863.10000 0000 8954 1233Department of Ophthalmology, LSU Neuroscience Center, Louisiana State University Health Science Center, New Orleans, LA 70112 USA ,grid.279863.10000 0000 8954 1233Department Neurology, LSU Neuroscience Center Louisiana State University Health Science Center, New Orleans, LA 70112 USA
| | - Harald Hampel
- Sorbonne University, GRC n° 21, Alzheimer Precision Medicine (APM), AP-HP, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Boulevard de l’hôpital, F-75013 Paris, France
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Siedlecki-Wullich D, Miñano-Molina AJ, Rodríguez-Álvarez J. microRNAs as Early Biomarkers of Alzheimer's Disease: A Synaptic Perspective. Cells 2021; 10:113. [PMID: 33435363 PMCID: PMC7827653 DOI: 10.3390/cells10010113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Pathogenic processes underlying Alzheimer's disease (AD) affect synaptic function from initial asymptomatic stages, long time before the onset of cognitive decline and neurodegeneration. Therefore, reliable biomarkers enabling early AD diagnosis and prognosis are needed to maximize the time window for therapeutic interventions. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have recently emerged as promising cost-effective and non-invasive biomarkers for AD, since they can be readily detected in different biofluids, including cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and blood. Moreover, a growing body of evidence indicates that miRNAs regulate synaptic homeostasis and plasticity processes, suggesting that they may be involved in early synaptic dysfunction during AD. Here, we review the current literature supporting a role of miRNAs during early synaptic deficits in AD, including recent studies evaluating their potential as AD biomarkers. Besides targeting genes related to Aβ and tau metabolism, several miRNAs also regulate synaptic-related proteins and transcription factors implicated in early synaptic deficits during AD. Furthermore, individual miRNAs and molecular signatures have been found to distinguish between prodromal AD and healthy controls. Overall, these studies highlight the relevance of considering synaptic-related miRNAs as potential biomarkers of early AD stages. However, further validation studies in large cohorts, including longitudinal studies, as well as implementation of standardized protocols, are needed to establish miRNA-based biomarkers as reliable diagnostic and prognostic tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dolores Siedlecki-Wullich
- Department Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain; (A.J.M.-M.); (J.R.-Á.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 528031 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alfredo J. Miñano-Molina
- Department Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain; (A.J.M.-M.); (J.R.-Á.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 528031 Madrid, Spain
| | - José Rodríguez-Álvarez
- Department Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain; (A.J.M.-M.); (J.R.-Á.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 528031 Madrid, Spain
- Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA
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Al-Rawaf HA, Alghadir AH, Gabr SA. Molecular Changes in Circulating microRNAs' Expression and Oxidative Stress in Adults with Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Biochemical and Molecular Study. Clin Interv Aging 2021; 16:57-70. [PMID: 33447019 PMCID: PMC7802783 DOI: 10.2147/cia.s285689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The release of miRNAs in tissue fluids significantly recommends its use as non-invasive diagnostic biomarkers for the progression and pathogenesis of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in aged patients. OBJECTIVE The potential role of circulated miRNAs in the pathogenesis of MCI and its association with cellular oxidative stress, apoptosis, and circulated BDNF, Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP4) were evaluated in older adults with MCI. METHODS A total of 150 subjects aged 65.4±3.7 years were recruited in this study. The participants were classified into two groups: healthy normal (n=80) and MCI (n=70). Real-time PCR analysis was performed to estimate the relative expression of miRNAs; miR-124a, miR-483-5p, miR-142-3p, and miR-125b, and apoptotic-related genes Bax, Bcl-2, and caspase-3 in the sera of MCI and control subjects. In addition, oxidative stress parameters; MDA, NO, SOD, and CAT; as well as plasma DPP4 activity, BDNF, SIRT1 levels were colorimetrically estimated. RESULTS The levels of miR-124a and miR-483-5p significantly increased and miR-142-3p and miR-125b significantly reduced in the serum of MCI patients compared to controls. The expressed miRNAs significantly correlated with severe cognitive decline, measured by MMSE, MoCA, ADL, and memory scores. The expression of Bax, and caspase-3 apoptotic inducing genes significantly increased and Bcl-2 antiapoptotic gene significantly reduced in MCI subjects compared to controls. In addition, the plasma levels of MDA, NO, and DPP4 activity significantly increased, and the levels of SOD, CAT, BDNF, and SIRT1 significantly reduced in MCI subjects compared to controls. The expressed miRNAs correlated positively with NO, MDA, DPP4 activity, BDNF, and SIRT-1, and negatively with the levels of CAT, SOD, Bcl-2, Bax, and caspase-3 genes. CONCLUSION Circulating miR-124a, miR-483-5p, miR-142-3p, and miR-125b significantly associated with severe cognitive decline, cellular oxidative stress, and apoptosis in patients with MCI. Thus, it could be potential non-invasive biomarkers for the diagnosis of MCI with high diagnostic performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadeel A Al-Rawaf
- Rehabilitation Research Chair, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad H Alghadir
- Rehabilitation Research Chair, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Sami A Gabr
- Rehabilitation Research Chair, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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Azizi F, Askari S, Javadpour P, Hadjighassem M, Ghasemi R. Potential role of exosome in post-stroke reorganization and/or neurodegeneration. EXCLI JOURNAL 2020; 19:1590-1606. [PMID: 33408596 PMCID: PMC7783471 DOI: 10.17179/excli2020-3025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Currently, stroke is a common and devastating condition, which is sometimes associated with permanent cerebral damages. Although in early time after stroke, the related treatments are mainly focused on the restoration of cerebral blood flow (CBF), at the same time, some changes are commencing that continue for a long time and need to be specially noticed. Previous studies have proposed several molecular mechanisms in these post-stroke events. Exosomes are a type of vesicle, which are formed and secreted by most cells as a mean to transfer cellular constituents such as proteins, DNA and/or RNA to distant cells. Therefore, they are considered as a novel mechanism of cellular communication. Herein, we reviewed the current knowledge on cascades, which are activated after stroke and consequently lead to the reorganization and/or continuance of tissue damage and development of other disorders such as Neurodegenerative diseases (ND). Thereafter, we summarized the latest proofs about the possible participation of exosomes in transferring some components such as proteins and micro-RNAs (miRs), from the affected areas to other parts of the brain and eventually cause the above-mentioned post-stroke events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fateme Azizi
- Department of Neuroscience and Addiction Studies, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sahar Askari
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Pegah Javadpour
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahmoudreza Hadjighassem
- Department of Neuroscience and Addiction Studies, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Brain and Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rasoul Ghasemi
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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RNA and Oxidative Stress in Alzheimer's Disease: Focus on microRNAs. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:2638130. [PMID: 33312335 PMCID: PMC7721489 DOI: 10.1155/2020/2638130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress (OS) is one of the major pathomechanisms of Alzheimer's disease (AD), which is closely associated with other key events in neurodegeneration such as mitochondrial dysfunction, inflammation, metal dysregulation, and protein misfolding. Oxidized RNAs are identified in brains of AD patients at the prodromal stage. Indeed, oxidized mRNA, rRNA, and tRNA lead to retarded or aberrant protein synthesis. OS interferes with not only these translational machineries but also regulatory mechanisms of noncoding RNAs, especially microRNAs (miRNAs). MiRNAs can be oxidized, which causes misrecognizing target mRNAs. Moreover, OS affects the expression of multiple miRNAs, and conversely, miRNAs regulate many genes involved in the OS response. Intriguingly, several miRNAs embedded in upstream regulators or downstream targets of OS are involved also in neurodegenerative pathways in AD. Specifically, seven upregulated miRNAs (miR-125b, miR-146a, miR-200c, miR-26b, miR-30e, miR-34a, miR-34c) and three downregulated miRNAs (miR-107, miR-210, miR-485), all of which are associated with OS, are found in vulnerable brain regions of AD at the prodromal stage. Growing evidence suggests that altered miRNAs may serve as targets for developing diagnostic or therapeutic tools for early-stage AD. Focusing on a neuroprotective transcriptional repressor, REST, and the concept of hormesis that are relevant to the OS response may provide clues to help us understand the role of the miRNA system in cellular and organismal adaptive mechanisms to OS.
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Wei W, Wang ZY, Ma LN, Zhang TT, Cao Y, Li H. MicroRNAs in Alzheimer's Disease: Function and Potential Applications as Diagnostic Biomarkers. Front Mol Neurosci 2020; 13:160. [PMID: 32973449 PMCID: PMC7471745 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2020.00160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia. Although the incidence of AD is high, the rates of diagnosis and treatment are relatively low. Moreover, effective means for the diagnosis and treatment of AD are still lacking. MicroRNAs (miRNAs, miRs) are non-coding RNAs that play regulatory roles by targeting mRNAs. The expression of miRNAs is conserved, temporal, and tissue-specific. Impairment of microRNA function is closely related to AD pathogenesis, including the beta-amyloid and tau hallmarks of AD, and there is evidence that the expression of some microRNAs differs significantly between healthy people and AD patients. These properties of miRNAs endow them with potential diagnostic and therapeutic value in the treatment of this debilitating disease. This review provides comprehensive information about the regulatory function of miRNAs in AD, as well as potential applications as diagnostic biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wei
- First Clinical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China.,Department of Geriatrics, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhi-Yong Wang
- Department of Geriatrics, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Li-Na Ma
- Department of Geriatrics, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ting-Ting Zhang
- First Clinical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China.,Department of Geriatrics, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Cao
- Department of Geriatrics, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Li
- Department of Geriatrics, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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Rahat B, Ali T, Sapehia D, Mahajan A, Kaur J. Circulating Cell-Free Nucleic Acids as Epigenetic Biomarkers in Precision Medicine. Front Genet 2020; 11:844. [PMID: 32849827 PMCID: PMC7431953 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.00844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The circulating cell-free nucleic acids (ccfNAs) are a mixture of single- or double-stranded nucleic acids, released into the blood plasma/serum by different tissues via apoptosis, necrosis, and secretions. Under healthy conditions, ccfNAs originate from the hematopoietic system, whereas under various clinical scenarios, the concomitant tissues release ccfNAs into the bloodstream. These ccfNAs include DNA, RNA, microRNA (miRNA), long non-coding RNA (lncRNA), fetal DNA/RNA, and mitochondrial DNA/RNA, and act as potential biomarkers in various clinical conditions. These are associated with different epigenetic modifications, which show disease-related variations and so finding their role as epigenetic biomarkers in clinical settings. This field has recently emerged as the latest advance in precision medicine because of its clinical relevance in diagnostic, prognostic, and predictive values. DNA methylation detected in ccfDNA has been widely used in personalized clinical diagnosis; furthermore, there is also the emerging role of ccfRNAs like miRNA and lncRNA as epigenetic biomarkers. This review focuses on the novel approaches for exploring ccfNAs as epigenetic biomarkers in personalized clinical diagnosis and prognosis, their potential as therapeutic targets and disease progression monitors, and reveals the tremendous potential that epigenetic biomarkers present to improve precision medicine. We explore the latest techniques for both quantitative and qualitative detection of epigenetic modifications in ccfNAs. The data on epigenetic modifications on ccfNAs are complex and often milieu-specific posing challenges for its understanding. Artificial intelligence and deep networks are the novel approaches for decoding complex data and providing insight into the decision-making in precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beenish Rahat
- National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Taqveema Ali
- Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Divika Sapehia
- Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Aatish Mahajan
- Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Jyotdeep Kaur
- Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
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Improta-Caria AC, Nonaka CKV, Cavalcante BRR, De Sousa RAL, Aras Júnior R, Souza BSDF. Modulation of MicroRNAs as a Potential Molecular Mechanism Involved in the Beneficial Actions of Physical Exercise in Alzheimer Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E4977. [PMID: 32674523 PMCID: PMC7403962 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21144977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer disease (AD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative diseases, affecting middle-aged and elderly individuals worldwide. AD pathophysiology involves the accumulation of beta-amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in the brain, along with chronic neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration. Physical exercise (PE) is a beneficial non-pharmacological strategy and has been described as an ally to combat cognitive decline in individuals with AD. However, the molecular mechanisms that govern the beneficial adaptations induced by PE in AD are not fully elucidated. MicroRNAs are small non-coding RNAs involved in the post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression, inhibiting or degrading their target mRNAs. MicroRNAs are involved in physiological processes that govern normal brain function and deregulated microRNA profiles are associated with the development and progression of AD. It is also known that PE changes microRNA expression profile in the circulation and in target tissues and organs. Thus, this review aimed to identify the role of deregulated microRNAs in the pathophysiology of AD and explore the possible role of the modulation of microRNAs as a molecular mechanism involved in the beneficial actions of PE in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Cleber Improta-Caria
- Post-Graduate Program in Medicine and Health, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Bahia, Bahia 40110-909, Brazil; (A.C.I.-C.); (R.A.J.)
- University Hospital Professor Edgard Santos, Bahia 40110-909, Brazil
- Center for Biotechnology and Cell Therapy, São Rafael Hospital, Bahia 40110-909, Brazil; (C.K.V.N.); (B.R.R.C.)
| | - Carolina Kymie Vasques Nonaka
- Center for Biotechnology and Cell Therapy, São Rafael Hospital, Bahia 40110-909, Brazil; (C.K.V.N.); (B.R.R.C.)
- D’Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR), Rio de Janeiro 20000-000, Brazil
| | - Bruno Raphael Ribeiro Cavalcante
- Center for Biotechnology and Cell Therapy, São Rafael Hospital, Bahia 40110-909, Brazil; (C.K.V.N.); (B.R.R.C.)
- D’Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR), Rio de Janeiro 20000-000, Brazil
- Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Bahia 40110-909, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Augusto Leoni De Sousa
- Physiological Science Multicentric Program, Federal University of Valleys´ Jequitinhonha and Mucuri, Minas Gerais 30000-000, Brazil;
| | - Roque Aras Júnior
- Post-Graduate Program in Medicine and Health, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Bahia, Bahia 40110-909, Brazil; (A.C.I.-C.); (R.A.J.)
- University Hospital Professor Edgard Santos, Bahia 40110-909, Brazil
| | - Bruno Solano de Freitas Souza
- Center for Biotechnology and Cell Therapy, São Rafael Hospital, Bahia 40110-909, Brazil; (C.K.V.N.); (B.R.R.C.)
- D’Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR), Rio de Janeiro 20000-000, Brazil
- Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Bahia 40110-909, Brazil
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Ashton NJ, Hye A, Rajkumar AP, Leuzy A, Snowden S, Suárez-Calvet M, Karikari TK, Schöll M, La Joie R, Rabinovici GD, Höglund K, Ballard C, Hortobágyi T, Svenningsson P, Blennow K, Zetterberg H, Aarsland D. An update on blood-based biomarkers for non-Alzheimer neurodegenerative disorders. Nat Rev Neurol 2020; 16:265-284. [PMID: 32322100 DOI: 10.1038/s41582-020-0348-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Cerebrospinal fluid analyses and neuroimaging can identify the underlying pathophysiology at the earliest stage of some neurodegenerative disorders, but do not have the scalability needed for population screening. Therefore, a blood-based marker for such pathophysiology would have greater utility in a primary care setting and in eligibility screening for clinical trials. Rapid advances in ultra-sensitive assays have enabled the levels of pathological proteins to be measured in blood samples, but research has been predominantly focused on Alzheimer disease (AD). Nonetheless, proteins that were identified as potential blood-based biomarkers for AD, for example, amyloid-β, tau, phosphorylated tau and neurofilament light chain, are likely to be relevant to other neurodegenerative disorders that involve similar pathological processes and could also be useful for the differential diagnosis of clinical symptoms. This Review outlines the neuropathological, clinical, molecular imaging and cerebrospinal fluid features of the most common neurodegenerative disorders outside the AD continuum and gives an overview of the current status of blood-based biomarkers for these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas J Ashton
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience & Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden.,Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Department of Old Age Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, King's College London, London, UK.,NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health & Biomedical Research Unit for Dementia at South London & Maudsley NHS Foundation, London, UK
| | - Abdul Hye
- Department of Old Age Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, King's College London, London, UK.,NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health & Biomedical Research Unit for Dementia at South London & Maudsley NHS Foundation, London, UK
| | - Anto P Rajkumar
- Department of Old Age Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, King's College London, London, UK.,NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health & Biomedical Research Unit for Dementia at South London & Maudsley NHS Foundation, London, UK.,Institute of Mental Health, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Antoine Leuzy
- Clinical Memory Research Unit, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Stuart Snowden
- Core Metabolomics and Lipidomics Laboratory, Metabolic Research Laboratories, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Marc Suárez-Calvet
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience & Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden.,Barcelonaβeta Brain Research Center (BBRC), Pasqual Maragall Foundation, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,Department of Neurology, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Thomas K Karikari
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience & Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Michael Schöll
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience & Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden.,Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Clinical Memory Research Unit, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.,Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Renaud La Joie
- Memory and Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Gil D Rabinovici
- Memory and Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Kina Höglund
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience & Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden.,Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Center for Alzheimer Disease Research, Neurogeriatrics Division, Karolinska Institutet, Novum, Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Tibor Hortobágyi
- Department of Old Age Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, King's College London, London, UK.,MTA-DE Cerebrovascular and Neurodegenerative Research Group, Department of Neurology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Per Svenningsson
- Department of Old Age Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, King's College London, London, UK.,Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience & Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden.,Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience & Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden.,Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden.,Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK.,UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, London, UK
| | - Dag Aarsland
- Department of Old Age Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, King's College London, London, UK. .,NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health & Biomedical Research Unit for Dementia at South London & Maudsley NHS Foundation, London, UK. .,Centre for Age-Related Medicine, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway.
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50
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Intracranial Self-Stimulation Modulates Levels of SIRT1 Protein and Neural Plasticity-Related microRNAs. Mol Neurobiol 2020; 57:2551-2562. [PMID: 32219698 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-020-01901-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Deep brain stimulation (DBS) of reward system brain areas, such as the medial forebrain bundle (MFB), by means of intracranial self-stimulation (ICSS), facilitates learning and memory in rodents. MFB-ICSS has been found capable of modifying different plasticity-related proteins, but its underlying molecular mechanisms require further elucidation. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) and the longevity-associated SIRT1 protein have emerged as important regulatory molecules implicated in neural plasticity. Thus, we aimed to analyze the effects of MFB-ICSS on miRNAs expression and SIRT1 protein levels in hippocampal subfields and serum. We used OpenArray to select miRNA candidates differentially expressed in the dentate gyrus (DG) of ICSS-treated (3 sessions, 45' session/day) and sham rats. We further analyzed the expression of these miRNAs, together with candidates selected after bibliographic screening (miR-132-3p, miR-134-5p, miR-146a-5p, miR-181c-5p) in DG, CA1, and CA3, as well as in serum, by qRT-PCR. We also assessed tissue and serum SIRT1 protein levels by Western Blot and ELISA, respectively. Expression of miR-132-3p, miR-181c-5p, miR-495-3p, and SIRT1 protein was upregulated in DG of ICSS rats (P < 0.05). None of the analyzed molecules was regulated in CA3, while miR-132-3p was also increased in CA1 (P = 0.011) and serum (P = 0.048). This work shows for the first time that a DBS procedure, specifically MFB-ICSS, modulates the levels of plasticity-related miRNAs and SIRT1 in specific hippocampal subfields. The mechanistic role of these molecules could be key to the improvement of memory by MFB-ICSS. Moreover, regarding the proposed clinical applicability of DBS, serum miR-132 is suggested as a potential treatment biomarker.
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