1
|
Davies R, Minhas S, Jayasena CN. The role of seminal reactive oxygen species assessment in the setting of infertility and early pregnancy loss. World J Urol 2023; 41:3257-3265. [PMID: 37452867 PMCID: PMC10632302 DOI: 10.1007/s00345-023-04472-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The male contribution to a couple suffering with adverse early pregnancy outcomes is being increasingly investigated. Seminal oxidative stress is considered to cause sperm DNA damage, thus affecting the functional capacity of the sperm. Multiple lines of evidence support an association between elevated seminal reactive oxygen species (ROS) and infertility. In the setting of assisted reproduction various factors in the in vitro environment, differing from the in vivo environment, may exacerbate oxidative stress. Furthermore, seminal ROS levels have been found to be higher in the male partners of couple's affected by both spontaneous and recurrent pregnancy loss. There are several methods by which to assess ROS levels however they are costly, inconsistent and their incorporation into clinical practice is unclear. The value of ROS assessment lies in the ability to plan targeted therapies to improve pregnancy and live birth rates. As such, further robust study is required before firm conclusions can be made to inform clinical practice. We aim to review the available evidence regarding the role of seminal ROS in infertility and pregnancy loss.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rhianna Davies
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Suks Minhas
- Department of Urology, Charing Cross Hospital, Imperial College NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Channa N Jayasena
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Cai M, Zhu H, Xu L, Wang J, Xu J, Li Z, Yang K, Wu J, Sun P. Structure, anti-fatigue activity and regulation on gut microflora in vivo of ethanol-fractional polysaccharides from Dendrobium officinale. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 234:123572. [PMID: 36754265 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.123572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
This study was to investigate the antifatigue, prebiotic effects and their relationships to the structure properties of three ethanol precipitated polysaccharides from Dendrobium officinale (EPDO), as EPDO-40, EPDO-60 and EPDO-80. EPDOs with anti-fatigue activity were screened out by forced swimming test, and blood lactic acid (BLA), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), superoxide dismutase (SOD), liver glycogen, muscle glycogen, and intestinal microflora were investigated. Results showed that purified EPDO-60, 277.3 kDa, with a backbone consisted of 4-Manp and 4-Glcp. EPDO-60 had the best anti-fatigue activity, because it could significantly prolong the forced swimming time, as well as down-regulating the levels of BLA and BUN, increasing SOD. Proportions of Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes and abundance of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium in gut microflora increased after treated with EPDO-60. Accordingly, EPDO-60 could affect the community structure of gut microflora, leading to promote the balance of oxidation and antioxidation, and accelerated the fatigue metabolism in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ming Cai
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Food Macromolecular Resources Processing Technology Research (Zhejiang University of Technology), China National Light Industry, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hua Zhu
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Food Macromolecular Resources Processing Technology Research (Zhejiang University of Technology), China National Light Industry, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Xu
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Food Macromolecular Resources Processing Technology Research (Zhejiang University of Technology), China National Light Industry, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Food Macromolecular Resources Processing Technology Research (Zhejiang University of Technology), China National Light Industry, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Xu
- Longevity Valley Botanical Co., Ltd., Zhejiang 321200, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenhao Li
- Longevity Valley Botanical Co., Ltd., Zhejiang 321200, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Yang
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Food Macromolecular Resources Processing Technology Research (Zhejiang University of Technology), China National Light Industry, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianyong Wu
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Peilong Sun
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Food Macromolecular Resources Processing Technology Research (Zhejiang University of Technology), China National Light Industry, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Davies R, Jayasena CN, Rai R, Minhas S. The Role of Seminal Oxidative Stress in Recurrent Pregnancy Loss. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12030723. [PMID: 36978971 PMCID: PMC10045000 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12030723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Recurrent pregnancy loss is a distressing condition affecting 1–2% of couples. Traditionally investigations have focused on the female, however more recently researchers have started to explore the potential contribution of the male partner. Seminal reactive oxygen species have a physiological function in male reproduction but in excess are suspected to generate structural and functional damage to the sperm. Evidence is mounting to support an association between elevated seminal reaction oxygen species and recurrent pregnancy loss. Studies suggest that the rates of sperm DNA damage are higher in the male partners of women affected by recurrent pregnancy loss compared with unaffected men. However, the available pool of data is conflicting, and interpretation is limited by the recent change in nomenclature and the heterogeneity of study methodologies. Furthermore, investigation into the effects of oxidative stress on the epigenome show promise. The value of antioxidant therapy in the management of recurrent pregnancy loss currently remains unclear.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rhianna Davies
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Channa N. Jayasena
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Raj Rai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, St Mary’s Hospital, Imperial College NHS Trust, London W2 1NY, UK
| | - Suks Minhas
- Department of Urology, Charing Cross Hospital, Imperial College NHS Trust, London W6 8RF, UK
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Rohnejad B, Monazzami A. Effects of high-intensity intermittent training on some inflammatory and muscle damage indices in overweight middle-aged men. APUNTS SPORTS MEDICINE 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apunsm.2023.100404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
|
5
|
Effects of 6-Week Supplementation with GliSODin on Parameters of Muscle Damages, Metabolic, and Work Performance at International Level Rowers after Specific Maximal Effort. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11101437. [PMID: 36290341 PMCID: PMC9598269 DOI: 10.3390/biology11101437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effect of supplementation with plant origin superoxide dismutase (SOD), GliSODin, on parameters of muscle damage, metabolic, and work performance at international level rowers. Twenty-eight rowers were included in a randomized, double-blind study. The study was conducted during a 6-week preparation period. At the beginning of the study and after 6 weeks of the supplementation period, all rowers were tested on a rowing ergometer. Blood samples were taken from the antecubital vein before and after every ergometer testing. Muscle damage markers creatine kinase (CK) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), inflammation parameters interleukin-6 (IL-6), and C-reactive protein (CRP) were measured. Rowing performance was assessed by lactate level in capillary blood and power output on the rowing ergometer. After supplementation, experimental group had significantly lower CK (p = 0.049) and IL-6 (p = 0.035) before and IL-6 (p = 0.050) after exhausting exercise on ergometer. Relative change of power output at 4 mmol/L concentration of lactate in blood, considering the initial and final test, was significantly higher (p = 0.020) in the supplemented group. It was concluded that GliSODin could be considered a good supplement in preventing some deleterious effects of intensive physical activity, including inflammation and muscle damage, and consequently, to enable a better rowing performance of elite rowers.
Collapse
|
6
|
Sun W, Xing Y, Kong D, Zhang Z, Ma H, Yang L. Meta-analysis of the effect of sodium-dependent glucose transporter 2 inhibitors on C-reactive protein in type 2 diabetes. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e30553. [PMID: 36197267 PMCID: PMC9509164 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000030553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND As novel hypoglycemic drugs, the effects of sodium-dependent glucose transporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT-2I) on inflammatory factors such as C-reactive protein (CRP) remain unclear. METHODS We conducted a meta-analysis of studies on SGLT-2I in the treatment of type 2 diabetes (T2DM) to observe the changes of CRP in patients with T2DM. We searched 4 electronic databases (CNKI, PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library) for articles published up to December 31, 2021. Studies were analyzed using a random-effects model to obtain standard deviation mean differences (SMDs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Sensitivity and subgroup analyses were performed. Publication bias was evaluated using funnel plots and Egger test. RESULTS We included data from 927 patients in 13 confirmatory trials that showed a significant decrease in CRP among patients with T2DM treated with SGLT-2I. The decrease was more significant with than without SGLT-2I. In subgroup analysis according to nationality, medication, and comorbidities, CRP reduction was associated with nationality, SGLT-2I type, and the presence of comorbidities. Sensitivity analysis showed that our results were reliable and found no evidence of substantial publication bias. CONCLUSIONS SGLT-2I could reduce CRP levels in patients with T2DM. REGISTRATION International Prospective Register for Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) number CRD42021268079.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenwen Sun
- North China University of Science and Technology, 21 Bohai Dadao, Caofeidian District, Tangshan, Hebei 063210, China
- Endocrinology Department, Hebei General Hospital, 348 Heping West Road, Xinhua District, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050051, China
| | - Yuling Xing
- Endocrinology Department, Hebei General Hospital, 348 Heping West Road, Xinhua District, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050051, China
| | - Dexian Kong
- Endocrinology Department, Hebei General Hospital, 348 Heping West Road, Xinhua District, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050051, China
- Hebei North University, 11 Diamond South Road, High-tech Zone, Zhangjiakou, Hebei 075000, China
| | - Zhimin Zhang
- Endocrinology Department, Hebei General Hospital, 348 Heping West Road, Xinhua District, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050051, China
- Hebei Medical University, 361 East Zhongshan Road, Chang ‘an District, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050017
| | - Huijuan Ma
- Endocrinology Department, Hebei General Hospital, 348 Heping West Road, Xinhua District, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050051, China
- Hebei Medical University, 361 East Zhongshan Road, Chang ‘an District, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050017
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, 348 Heping West Road, Xinhua District, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050051, China
- * Correspondence: Huijuan Ma, Endocrinology Department, Hebei General Hospital, 348 Heping West Road, Xinhua District, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050051, China (e-mail: ); Linlin Yang, Hebei Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, 348 Heping West Road, Xinhua District, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050051, China (e-mail: )
| | - Linlin Yang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, 348 Heping West Road, Xinhua District, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050051, China
- * Correspondence: Huijuan Ma, Endocrinology Department, Hebei General Hospital, 348 Heping West Road, Xinhua District, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050051, China (e-mail: ); Linlin Yang, Hebei Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, 348 Heping West Road, Xinhua District, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050051, China (e-mail: )
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Brunelli L, De Vitis V, Ferrari R, Minuzzo M, Fiore W, Jäger R, Taverniti V, Guglielmetti S. In vitro assessment of the probiotic properties of an industrial preparation containing Lacticaseibacillus paracasei in the context of athlete health. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:857987. [PMID: 36016576 PMCID: PMC9397523 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.857987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Intense physical activity is often associated with undesirable physiological changes, including increased inflammation, transient immunodepression, increased susceptibility to infections, altered intestinal barrier integrity, and increased oxidative stress. Several trials suggested that probiotics supplementation may have beneficial effects on sport-associated gastro-intestinal and immune disorders. Recently, in a placebo-controlled human trial, the AminoAlta™ probiotic formulation (AApf) was demonstrated to increase the absorption of amino acids from pea protein, suggesting that the administration of AApf could overcome the compositional limitations of plant proteins. In this study, human cell line models were used to assess in vitro the potential capacity of AApf to protect from the physiological damages that an intense physical activity may cause. The obtained results revealed that the bacteria in the AApf have the ability to adhere to differentiated Caco-2 epithelial cell layer. In addition, the AApf was shown to reduce the activation of NF-κB in Caco-2 cells under inflammatory stimulation. Notably, this anti-inflammatory activity was enhanced in the presence of partially hydrolyzed plant proteins. The AApf also triggered the expression of cytokines by the THP-1 macrophage model in a dose-dependent manner. In particular, the expression of cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α was higher than that of the regulatory cytokine IL-10, resembling a cytokine profile characteristic of M1 phenotype, which typically intervene in counteracting bacterial and viral infections. Finally, AApf was shown to reduce transepithelial permeability and increase superoxide dismutase activity in the Caco-2 cell model. In conclusion, this study suggests that the AApf may potentially provide a spectrum of benefits useful to dampen the gastro-intestinal and immune detrimental consequences of an intense physical activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Ralf Jäger
- Increnovo LLC, Whitefish Bay, WI, United States
| | - Valentina Taverniti
- Division of Food Microbiology and Bioprocesses, Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Simone Guglielmetti
- Division of Food Microbiology and Bioprocesses, Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- *Correspondence: Simone Guglielmetti,
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Sperm as a Carrier of Genome Instability in Relation to Paternal Lifestyle and Nutritional Conditions. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14153155. [PMID: 35956329 PMCID: PMC9370520 DOI: 10.3390/nu14153155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Endogenous and exogenous factors can severely affect the integrity of genetic information by inducing DNA damage and impairing genome stability. The extent to which men with and without subfertility are exposed to several adverse lifestyle factors and the impact on sperm DNA fragmentation (SDF), sperm chromatin maturity (condensation and decondensation), stability (hypo- and hypercondensation) and sperm aneuploidy are assessed in this study. Standardized assays employing flow cytometry were used to detect genome instability in 556 samples. Semen parameters deteriorated with age, BMI, increased physical activity and smoking. Age and BMI were associated with increased SDF. Increased BMI was associated with increased hypocondensed chromatin and decreased decondensed chromatin. Increase in age also caused an increase in sex chromosome aneuploidy in sperms. Surprisingly, alcohol abuse reduced chromatin hypercondensation and drug abuse reduced SDF. Although genome instability was more pronounced in the subfertile population as compared to the fertile group, the proportion of men with at least one lifestyle risk factor was the same in both the fertile and subfertile groups. While one in three benefited from nutritional supplementation, one in five showed an increase in SDF after supplementation. Whilst the message of ‘no smoking, no alcohol, no drugs, but a healthy diet’ should be offered as good health advice, we are a long way from concluding that nutritional supplementation would be beneficial for male fertility.
Collapse
|
9
|
Effects of Dietary Yeast β-Glucan Supplementation on Meat Quality, Antioxidant Capacity and Gut Microbiota of Finishing Pigs. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11071340. [PMID: 35883831 PMCID: PMC9311933 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11071340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Yeast β-glucan is a natural antioxidant and has been reported to improve growth performance of piglets, but its application in improving pork quality is limited. This study investigated the effects of dietary yeast β-glucan supplementation on meat quality, antioxidant capacity and gut microbiota of finishing pigs. In a 40-day experiment, ninety finishing pigs (Duroc × Landrace × Yorkshire, 70.47 ± 0.04 kg) were randomly allocated into five treatments including a basal diet supplemented with 0, 50, 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg yeast β-glucan. Results showed that yeast β-glucan significantly increased pH45 min (linear and quadratic, p < 0.01) and a*45 min (linear, p < 0.05), and reduced cooking loss (linear, p < 0.05) and drip loss (quadratic, p < 0.05) of meat in finishing pigs. Importantly, the 200 mg/kg group exhibited the highest values of pH45 min (p < 0.01) and the lowest values of drip loss (p < 0.05), accompanied by a decreased lactate content (p < 0.05) and glycolytic potential (p < 0.05). Dietary supplementation of 200 mg/kg yeast β-glucan markedly increased catalase (CAT) (p < 0.05), superoxide dismutase (SOD) (p < 0.05) and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) (p < 0.01) activities in skeletal muscle. Moreover, WPS-2 abundance was decreased significantly in colonic digesta by 200 mg/kg yeast β-glucan and exhibited a positive association with muscle lactate content and drip loss. Together, dietary 200 mg/kg yeast β-glucan supplementation effectively improved pH value and the water-holding capacity of fresh meat through reducing muscle postmortem glycolysis, increasing antioxidant capacity and altering the gut microbiota composition of finishing pigs.
Collapse
|
10
|
Thabet NM, Abdel-Rafei MK, Moustafa EM. Boswellic acid protects against Bisphenol-A and gamma radiation induced hepatic steatosis and cardiac remodelling in rats: role of hepatic PPAR-α/P38 and cardiac Calcineurin-A/NFATc1/P38 pathways. Arch Physiol Biochem 2022; 128:767-785. [PMID: 32057248 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2020.1727526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Bisphenol-A (BPA) and gamma-radiation are two risky environmental pollutants that human beings are exposed to in everyday life and consequently they threaten human health via inducing oxidative stress, inflammation, and eventually tissue damage. This study aims at appraising the protective effect of Boswellic Acid (BA) (250 mg/kg/day, orally) administration on BPA (150 mg/kg/day, i.p) and γ-irradiation (IR) (3 Gy/week for 4 weeks up to cumulative dose of 12 Gy/experimental course) for 4 weeks-induced damage to liver and heart tissues of rats. The present results indicated a significant improvement against damage induced by BPA and IR revealed in biochemical investigations (hepatic PPAR-α/P38 and cardiac ET-1/Calcineurin-A/NFATc1/P38) and histopathological examination of liver and heart. It could be concluded that BA possesses a protective effect against these two deleterious environmental pollutants which attracted major global concerns due to their serious toxicological impact on human health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Noura M Thabet
- Radiation Biology Department National Centre for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed K Abdel-Rafei
- Radiation Biology Department National Centre for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Enas M Moustafa
- Radiation Biology Department National Centre for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Li Z, Zhu H, Hua H, Liu C, Cheng Y, Guo Y, Du P, Qian H. Anti-fatigue activity of Brassica rapa L. extract and correlation among biochemical changes in forced swimming mice. FOOD BIOSCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2022.101633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
|
12
|
Wang Y, Liu X, Xia P, Li Z, FuChen X, Shen Y, Yu P, Zhang J. The Regulatory Role of MicroRNAs on Phagocytes: A Potential Therapeutic Target for Chronic Diseases. Front Immunol 2022; 13:901166. [PMID: 35634335 PMCID: PMC9130478 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.901166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
An effective acute inflammatory response results in the elimination of infectious microorganisms, followed by a smooth transition to resolution and repair. During the inflammatory response, neutrophils play a crucial role in antimicrobial defense as the first cells to reach the site of infection damage. However, if the neutrophils that have performed the bactericidal effect are not removed in time, the inflammatory response will not be able to subside. Anti-inflammatory macrophages are the main scavengers of neutrophils and can promote inflammation towards resolution. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have great potential as clinical targeted therapy and have attracted much attention in recent years. This paper summarizes the involvement of miRNAs in the process of chronic diseases such as atherosclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus by regulating lipid metabolism, cytokine secretion, inflammatory factor synthesis and tissue repair in two types of cells. This will provide a certain reference for miRNA-targeted treatment of chronic diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yongbo Wang
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi, China
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Nanchang University, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xingyu Liu
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi, China
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Nanchang University, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi, China
| | - Panpan Xia
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi, China
| | - Zhangwang Li
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Nanchang University, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xinxi FuChen
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yunfeng Shen
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi, China
| | - Peng Yu
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Drobnic F, Lizarraga MA, Caballero-García A, Cordova A. Coenzyme Q 10 Supplementation and Its Impact on Exercise and Sport Performance in Humans: A Recovery or a Performance-Enhancing Molecule? Nutrients 2022; 14:1811. [PMID: 35565783 PMCID: PMC9104583 DOI: 10.3390/nu14091811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Evidence exists to suggest that ROS induce muscular injury with a subsequent decrease in physical performance. Supplementation with certain antioxidants is important for physically active individuals to hasten recovery from fatigue and to prevent exercise damage. The use of nutritional supplements associated with exercise, with the aim of improving health, optimizing training or improving sports performance, is a scientific concern that not only drives many research projects but also generates great expectations in the field of their application in pathology. Since its discovery in the 1970s, coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) has been one of the most controversial molecules. The interest in determining its true value as a bioenergetic supplement in muscle contraction, antioxidant or in the inflammatory process as a muscle protector in relation to exercise has been studied at different population levels of age, level of physical fitness or sporting aptitude, using different methodologies of effort and with the contribution of data corresponding to very diverse variables. Overall, in the papers reviewed, although the data are inconclusive, they suggest that CoQ10 supplementation may be an interesting molecule in health or disease in individuals without a pathological deficiency and when used for optimising exercise performance. Considering the results observed in the literature, and as a conclusion of this systematic review, we could say that it is an interesting molecule in sports performance. However, clear approaches should be considered when conducting future research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Alberto Caballero-García
- Department of Anatomy and Radiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, GIR: “Physical Exercise and Aging”, Campus Universitario “Los Pajaritos”, University of Valladolid, 42004 Soria, Spain;
| | - Alfredo Cordova
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, GIR: “Physical Exercise and Aging”, Campus Universitario “Los Pajaritos”, University of Valladolid, 42004 Soria, Spain;
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Rusip G, Ilyas S, Lister IN, Ginting CN, Mukti AI, Girsang E. Effects of Red-Fleshed Pitaya (Selenicereus polyrhizus) Ingestion after Strenuous Exercise on Creatine Kinase and Mitochondrial Function in Rat Muscle Cells. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2022.9001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Free radicals formed during strenuous exercise through an increase in reactive oxygen species induce damage to tissues (e.g., muscle and liver) and cause oxidative damage to cells, resulting in mitochondrial dysfunction.
AIM: As an effective method to repair mitochondrial muscle cell function, this study investigated the effects of red-fleshed pitaya (RFP) ingestion on creatine kinase (CK), which is a biomarker for muscle tissue damage, and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels during strenuous exercise.
METHODS: This study involved 25 3-month-old male rats with an average weight of 200 g. The RFP extract was obtained through ethanol extraction and concentrated using an air-drying method. Rats were randomly allocated into five groups as follows: Two control groups (K1 [no-exercise, no RFP] and K2 [exercise, no RFP]) and three test groups (P1, P2, and P3; subjected to exercise and treated with 75, 150, and 300 mg kg−1 body weight of RFP, respectively). The exercise was in the form of swimming for 20 min 3 times/week for 31 days. CK and MDA were measured through an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and histopathological examinations were performed through hematoxylin and eosin staining of rat muscles.
RESULTS: The MDA levels after the ingestion of RFP extracts were compared between the K2 group and the P1, P2, and P3 groups. The results showed significant differences (p < 0.05 for P1 and P2, and p < 0.01 for P3), indicating the production of free radicals and CK, with features of damaged muscle cells based on histopathology. Ingestion of the RFP extract led to improvements in soleus muscle cells, resulting in cell function repair.
CONCLUSION: Levels of MDA and CK increased during exercise, which caused significant muscle damage. However, after treatment with the RFP extract, the levels of both markers decreased. Thus, strenuous exercise causes an increase in reactive oxygen species, resulting in increased free radical levels. RFP ingestion decreased oxidative stress levels, thus repairing mitochondrial cell function.
Collapse
|
15
|
Broome S, Atiola RD, Braakhuis A, Mitchell C, Merry TL. Mitochondria-targeted antioxidant supplementation does not affect muscle soreness or recovery of maximal voluntary isometric contraction force following muscle-damaging exercise in untrained men: a randomised clinical trial. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2022; 47:762-774. [PMID: 35201920 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2021-0767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Unaccustomed exercise causes muscle damage resulting in loss of muscle function, which may be attributable to exercise-induced increases in skeletal muscle reactive oxygen species (ROS). This study examined the effect of mitochondria-targeted antioxidant supplementation on recovery of muscle function following exercise. Thirty-two untrained men received MitoQ (20 mg/day) or a placebo for 14 days before performing 300 maximal eccentric contractions of the knee extensor muscles of one leg. Muscle function was assessed using isokinetic dynamometry before, immediately after, and 24, 48, 72, and 168 hours after exercise. Muscle soreness was assessed using a visual analogue scale 24, 48, 72, and 168 hours after exercise. Blood samples were collected before, immediately after, and 2, 24, 48, 72, and 168 hours after exercise and urine samples were collected before and during the 48 hours after exercise. The reduction in maximal voluntary isometric contraction force and peak concentric torque following exercise was unaffected by MitoQ while recovery of peak eccentric torque was delayed in the MitoQ group. Exercise-induced increases in urine F2-isoprostanes were unaffected by MitoQ. MitoQ augmented exercise-induced increases in plasma CK levels while plasma IL-6 was similar between groups. Muscle soreness was not affected by MitoQ. These results indicate that MitoQ does not attenuate post-exercise muscle soreness and may delay recovery of muscle function following eccentric exercise. Novelty: • Post-exercise recovery of maximal voluntary isometric contraction force and peak concentric torque were unaffected by MitoQ. • MitoQ delayed post-exercise recovery of peak eccentric torque. • Post-exercise muscle soreness was unaffected by MitoQ.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Broome
- The University of Auckland Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, 62710, Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand;
| | - R D Atiola
- The University of Auckland Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, 62710, Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand;
| | - A Braakhuis
- The University of Auckland Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, 62710, Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand;
| | - Cam Mitchell
- The University of British Columbia Faculty of Education, 141631, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada;
| | - Troy L Merry
- The University of Auckland Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, 62710, Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand;
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Berilli P, Fanaro GB, Santos JP, Reyes Reyes FG, Iglesias AH, Reis M, Cazarin CBB, Maróstica Junior MR. White tea modulates antioxidant defense of endurance-trained rats. Curr Res Physiol 2022; 5:256-264. [PMID: 35800140 PMCID: PMC9253650 DOI: 10.1016/j.crphys.2022.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The interest in nutritional strategies that may counteract the deleterious oxidative effects induced by strenuous exercises is remarkable. Herein, the impact of white tea (Camellia sinensis) (WT), a polyphenol-rich beverage, on antioxidant status in endurance-trained rats after one session of exhaustive exercise were evaluated. Male Wistar rats were divided into groups, which received: control groups - water, and testing groups - WT1 (0.25%; w/v) or WT2 (0.5%; w/v). Drinks were consumed, ad libitum, for 5 or 10 weeks, concomitantly with the running training. Exhaustive running tests were applied before and after the experimental periods. WT intake increased the serum antioxidant capacity of rats in a dose-dependent manner (P < 0.001), which was unaccompanied by the activity of endogenous antioxidant enzymes SOD, GPx, and GR, and GSH content. Inflammatory markers in serum [IL-1β (P = 0.004) and IL-6 (P = 0.001)] could be downregulated by tea intake. In liver tissue, lower levels of lipid oxidation (P < 0.05) and improved antioxidant defenses (SOD, GPx, GR, and GSH, P < 0.05) were related to the consumption of 10.13039/100010269WT in both doses, supporting protective effects in this responsible metabolic organ. In conclusion, long-term consumption of WT could be a promising adjuvant to exercise-stress management, emphasizing its ability to regulate antioxidant responses and prevent oxidative tissue damage. White tea intake improved antioxidant status of blood and liver of runner rats. White tea intake promoted protective effect against liver lipid peroxidation after an exhaustive exercise. Long term white tea intake did not enhance physical performance.
Collapse
|
17
|
Dietary Supplementation for Attenuating Exercise-Induced Muscle Damage and Delayed-Onset Muscle Soreness in Humans. Nutrients 2021; 14:nu14010070. [PMID: 35010943 PMCID: PMC8746365 DOI: 10.3390/nu14010070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary supplements are widely used as a nutritional strategy to improve and maintain performance and achieve faster recovery in sports and exercise. Exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD) is caused by mechanical stress and subsequent inflammatory responses including reactive oxygen species and cytokine production. Therefore, dietary supplements with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties have the potential to prevent and reduce muscle damage and symptoms characterized by loss of muscle strength and delayed-onset muscle soreness (DOMS). However, only a few supplements are considered to be effective at present. This review focuses on the effects of dietary supplements derived from phytochemicals and listed in the International Olympic Committee consensus statement on muscle damage evaluated by blood myofiber damage markers, muscle soreness, performance, and inflammatory and oxidative stress markers. In this review, the effects of dietary supplements are also discussed in terms of study design (i.e., parallel and crossover studies), exercise model, and such subject characteristics as physical fitness level. Future perspectives and considerations for the use of dietary supplements to alleviate EIMD and DOMS are also discussed.
Collapse
|
18
|
Suzuki K. Recent Progress in Applicability of Exercise Immunology and Inflammation Research to Sports Nutrition. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13124299. [PMID: 34959851 PMCID: PMC8709237 DOI: 10.3390/nu13124299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
This article focuses on how nutrition may help prevent and/or assist with recovery from the harmful effects of strenuous acute exercise and physical training (decreased immunity, organ injury, inflammation, oxidative stress, and fatigue), with a focus on nutritional supplements. First, the effects of ketogenic diets on metabolism and inflammation are considered. Second, the effects of various supplements on immune function are discussed, including antioxidant defense modulators (vitamin C, sulforaphane, taheebo), and inflammation reducers (colostrum and hyperimmunized milk). Third, how 3-hydroxy-3-methyl butyrate monohydrate (HMB) may offset muscle damage is reviewed. Fourth and finally, the relationship between exercise, nutrition and COVID-19 infection is briefly mentioned. While additional verification of the safety and efficacy of these supplements is still necessary, current evidence suggests that these supplements have potential applications for health promotion and disease prevention among athletes and more diverse populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katsuhiko Suzuki
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, 2-579-15 Mikajima, Tokorozawa 359-1192, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Zhao W, Zhang W, Liu L, Cheng Y, Guo Y, Yao W, Qian H. Fractionation, characterization and anti-fatigue activity of polysaccharides from Brassica rapa L. Process Biochem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2021.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
|
20
|
Tominaga T, Ikemura T, Yada K, Kanda K, Sugama K, Ma S, Choi W, Araya M, Huang J, Nakamura N, Suzuki K. The Effects of Beverage Intake after Exhaustive Exercise on Organ Damage, Inflammation and Oxidative Stress in Healthy Males. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10060866. [PMID: 34071378 PMCID: PMC8229363 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10060866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Strenuous exercise induces organ damage, inflammation and oxidative stress. To prevent exercise-induced organ damage, inflammation and oxidative stress, rehydrating may be an effective strategy. In the present study, we aimed to examine whether beverage intake after exhaustive exercise to recover from dehydration prevents such disorders. Thirteen male volunteers performed incremental cycling exercise until exhaustion. Immediately after exercise, the subjects drank an electrolyte containing water (rehydrate trial: REH) or did not drink any beverage (control trial: CON). Blood samples were collected before (Pre), immediately (Post), 1 h and 2 h after exercise. Urine samples were also collected before (Pre) and 2 h after exercise. We measured biomarkers of organ damage, inflammation and oxidative stress in blood and urine. Biomarkers of muscle, renal and intestinal damage and inflammation increased in the blood and urine after exercise. However, changes in biomarkers of organ damage and inflammation did not differ between trials (p > 0.05). The biomarker of oxidative stress, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), in plasma, showed different changes between trials (p = 0.027). One hour after exercise, plasma TBARS concentration in REH had a higher trend than that in CON (p = 0.052), but there were no significant differences between Pre and the other time points in each trial. These results suggest that beverage intake after exercise does not attenuate exercise-induced organ damage, inflammation or oxidative stress in healthy males. However, rehydration restores exercise-induced oxidative stress more quickly.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takaki Tominaga
- Graduate School of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Tokorozawa 359-1192, Japan; (T.T.); (W.C.); (M.A.); (J.H.)
- Research Fellow of Japan Society for the Promotion of Sciences, Tokyo 102-0083, Japan;
| | - Tsukasa Ikemura
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Tokorozawa 359-1192, Japan; (T.I.); (K.Y.); (N.N.)
| | - Koichi Yada
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Tokorozawa 359-1192, Japan; (T.I.); (K.Y.); (N.N.)
| | - Kazue Kanda
- Future Innovation Institute, Waseda University, Shinjuku 162-0041, Japan; (K.K.); (K.S.)
| | - Kaoru Sugama
- Future Innovation Institute, Waseda University, Shinjuku 162-0041, Japan; (K.K.); (K.S.)
| | - Sihui Ma
- Research Fellow of Japan Society for the Promotion of Sciences, Tokyo 102-0083, Japan;
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Tokorozawa 359-1192, Japan; (T.I.); (K.Y.); (N.N.)
| | - Wonjun Choi
- Graduate School of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Tokorozawa 359-1192, Japan; (T.T.); (W.C.); (M.A.); (J.H.)
| | - Mayu Araya
- Graduate School of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Tokorozawa 359-1192, Japan; (T.T.); (W.C.); (M.A.); (J.H.)
| | - Jiapeng Huang
- Graduate School of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Tokorozawa 359-1192, Japan; (T.T.); (W.C.); (M.A.); (J.H.)
| | - Nobuhiro Nakamura
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Tokorozawa 359-1192, Japan; (T.I.); (K.Y.); (N.N.)
| | - Katsuhiko Suzuki
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Tokorozawa 359-1192, Japan; (T.I.); (K.Y.); (N.N.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-42-947-6898
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Tanabe Y, Akazawa N, Nishimaki M, Shimizu K, Fujii N, Takahashi H. Effects of 6-(Methylsulfinyl)hexyl Isothiocyanate Ingestion on Muscle Damage after Eccentric Exercise in Healthy Males: A Pilot Placebo-Controlled Double-Blind Crossover Study. J Diet Suppl 2021; 19:656-671. [PMID: 33938371 DOI: 10.1080/19390211.2021.1912244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
An animal study demonstrated that 6-(Methylsulfinyl)hexyl isothiocyanate (6-MSITC), a major bioactive compound in Japanese pungent spice wasabi, has an action of inhibiting the activation of calpain-1 (a protease). Increases in calpain activity can cause continual strength loss after eccentric exercise. It remains to be determined in humans whether 6-MSITC intake would modulate calpain and/or muscle damage responses after eccentric exercise. We performed a randomized, double-blind, crossover design study wherein eight healthy young males were randomly assigned to ingest 9 mg/day of 6-MSITC or placebo from 1 day before exercise to 4 days after exercise (30 maximal isokinetic eccentric contractions of the elbow flexors using an isokinetic dynamometer). Calpain-1 concentration, inflammatory and muscle damage markers (creatine kinase activity, urinary titin concentration, muscle strength, range of motion, muscle soreness and transverse relaxation time) were assessed. Plasma calpain-1 concentration after eccentric exercise was similar between the placebo- and 6-MSITC-treated conditions. All muscle damage and inflammatory markers were not affected by 6-MSITC relative to those in the placebo-treated condition. Our results suggest that 6-MSITC has no effect on plasma calpain-1 concentration and muscle damage and inflammatory markers measured after eccentric exercise.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoko Tanabe
- Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.,Department of Sports Research , Japan Institute of Sports Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobuhiko Akazawa
- Department of Sports Research , Japan Institute of Sports Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mio Nishimaki
- Department of Sports Research , Japan Institute of Sports Sciences, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Mie, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Shimizu
- Department of Sports Research , Japan Institute of Sports Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoto Fujii
- Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Takahashi
- Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.,Department of Sports Research , Japan Institute of Sports Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Tart cherry and pomegranate supplementations enhance recovery from exercise-induced muscle damage: a systematic review. Biol Sport 2021; 38:97-111. [PMID: 33795919 PMCID: PMC7996379 DOI: 10.5114/biolsport.2020.97069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Phenolic compounds have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties and may prevent inflammation and oxidative stress as well as help the athletes to recover from exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD). Tart cherry (TC) and pomegranate (PG) are two fruits with high content of polyphenols. Their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties have recently attracted substantial interest for their potential to reduce strength loss and promote recovery from EIMD. The aims of this review are (1) to summarise the effects of tart cherry and pomegranate supplementation on oxidative stress, inflammation and recovery, and (2) to outline the differences found in supplementation with tart cherries or pomegranates. SPORTDiscus, PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus were searched according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis and 25 studies were included. The existing evidence suggests that both types of supplementation are good strategies to accelerate recovery of functional performance variables, perceptual variables and inflammation but PG supplementation shows better recovery of oxidative stress. However, positive effects are more likely: 1) when supplementation starts some days before muscle damage is induced and finishes some days after, for a total period of at least 8/10 days, 2) with pronounced muscle damage of the muscles involved, and 3) when total phenolic content is at least 1000 mg/day. This review may help to optimise TC or PG supplementation practice to improve post-exercise recovery.
Collapse
|
23
|
Sharp M, Wilson J, Stefan M, Gheith R, Lowery R, Ottinger C, Reber D, Orhan C, Sahin N, Tuzcu M, Durkee S, Saiyed Z, Sahin K. Marine phytoplankton improves recovery and sustains immune function in humans and lowers proinflammatory immunoregulatory cytokines in a rat model. Phys Act Nutr 2021; 25:42-55. [PMID: 33887828 PMCID: PMC8076584 DOI: 10.20463/pan.2021.0007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose This study investigated the effects of marine phytoplankton supplementation (Oceanix®, Tetraselmis chuii) on 1) maximal isometric strength and immune function in healthy humans following a oneweek high-intensity resistance-training program and 2) the proinflammatory cytokine response to exercise in a rat model. Methods In the human trial, 22 healthy male and female participants were randomly divided into marine phytoplankton and placebo groups. Following baseline testing, participants underwent a 14-day supplement loading phase before completing five consecutive days of intense resistance training. In the rat model, rats were randomly divided into four groups (n=7 per condition): (i) control, (ii) exercise, (iii) exercise + marine phytoplankton (2.55 mg/kg/day), or (iv) exercise + marine phytoplankton (5.1 mg/kg/day). Rats in the exercising groups performed treadmill exercise 5 days per week for 6 weeks. Results In the human model, marine phytoplankton prevented significant declines in the isometric peak rate of force development compared to placebo. Additionally, salivary immunoglobulin A concentration was significantly lower following the resistance training protocol in the placebo group but not in the marine phytoplankton group. Marine phytoplankton in exercising rats decreased intramuscular levels and serum concentrations of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) and intramuscular concentrations of malondialdehyde. Conclusion Marine phytoplankton prevented decrements in indices of functional exercise recovery and immune function. Mechanistically, these outcomes could be prompted by modulating the oxidative stress and proinflammatory cytokine response to exercise.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Sharp
- Research Division, Applied Science and Performance Institute, Florida, USA
| | - Jacob Wilson
- Research Division, Applied Science and Performance Institute, Florida, USA
| | - Matthew Stefan
- Research Division, Applied Science and Performance Institute, Florida, USA
| | - Raad Gheith
- Research Division, Applied Science and Performance Institute, Florida, USA
| | - Ryan Lowery
- Research Division, Applied Science and Performance Institute, Florida, USA
| | - Charlie Ottinger
- Research Division, Applied Science and Performance Institute, Florida, USA
| | - Dallen Reber
- Research Division, Applied Science and Performance Institute, Florida, USA
| | - Cemal Orhan
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Nurhan Sahin
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Tuzcu
- Department of Biology, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Shane Durkee
- Lonza Consumer Health Inc., Greenwood, South Carolina, USA
| | | | - Kazim Sahin
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Tominaga T, Ma S, Sugama K, Kanda K, Omae C, Choi W, Hashimoto S, Aoyama K, Yoshikai Y, Suzuki K. Changes in Urinary Biomarkers of Organ Damage, Inflammation, Oxidative Stress, and Bone Turnover Following a 3000-m Time Trial. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10010079. [PMID: 33435279 PMCID: PMC7826822 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10010079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Strenuous exercise induces organ damage, inflammation, and oxidative stress. Currently, to monitor or investigate physiological conditions, blood biomarkers are frequently used. However, blood sampling is perceived to be an invasive method and may induce stress. Therefore, it is necessary to establish a non-invasive assessment method that reflects physiological conditions. In the present study, we aimed to search for useful biomarkers of organ damage, inflammation, oxidative stress, and bone turnover in urine following exercise. Ten male runners participated in this study and performed a 3000-m time trial. We measured biomarkers in urine collected before and immediately after exercise. Renal damage markers such as urea protein, albumin, N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase (NAG), and liver-fatty acid binding protein (L-FABP), and an intestinal damage marker, intestine-fatty acid binding protein (I-FABP), increased following exercise (p < 0.05). However, a muscle damage marker, titin N-terminal fragments, did not change (p > 0.05). Inflammation-related factors (IRFs), such as interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra), IL-6, complement (C) 5a, myeloperoxidase (MPO), calprotectin, monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1, and macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF), increased whereas IRFs such as IL-4 and IL-10 decreased following exercise (p < 0.05). IRFs such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, IL-2, IL-8, IL-12p40, and interferon (IFN)-γ did not change (p > 0.05). Oxidative stress markers, such as thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and nitrotyrosine, did not change following exercise (p > 0.05) whereas 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) decreased (p < 0.05). Bone resorption markers, such as cross-linked N-telopeptide of type I collagen (NTX) and deoxypyridinoline (DPD), did not change following exercise (p > 0.05). These results suggest that organ damage markers and IRFs in urine have the potential to act as non-invasive indicators to evaluate the effects of exercise on organ functions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takaki Tominaga
- Graduate School of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Tokorozawa 359-1192, Japan; (C.O.); (W.C.)
- Research Fellow of Japan Society for the Promotion of Sciences, Tokyo 102-0083, Japan;
- Correspondence: (T.T.); (K.S.); Tel.: +81-4-2947-6753 (T.T.); +81-4-2947-6898 (K.S.)
| | - Sihui Ma
- Research Fellow of Japan Society for the Promotion of Sciences, Tokyo 102-0083, Japan;
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Tokorozawa 359-1192, Japan
| | - Kaoru Sugama
- Future Innovation Institute, Waseda University, Shinjuku 162-0041, Japan; (K.S.); (K.K.)
| | - Kazue Kanda
- Future Innovation Institute, Waseda University, Shinjuku 162-0041, Japan; (K.S.); (K.K.)
| | - Chiaki Omae
- Graduate School of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Tokorozawa 359-1192, Japan; (C.O.); (W.C.)
| | - Wonjun Choi
- Graduate School of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Tokorozawa 359-1192, Japan; (C.O.); (W.C.)
| | | | | | - Yasunobu Yoshikai
- Division of Host Defense, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan;
| | - Katsuhiko Suzuki
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Tokorozawa 359-1192, Japan
- Correspondence: (T.T.); (K.S.); Tel.: +81-4-2947-6753 (T.T.); +81-4-2947-6898 (K.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Effects of ascorbic acid supplementation on immune status in healthy women following a single bout of exercise. SPORT SCIENCES FOR HEALTH 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11332-020-00726-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
26
|
Pineapple Vinegar Regulates Obesity-Related Genes and Alters the Gut Microbiota in High-Fat Diet (HFD) C57BL/6 Obese Mice. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2020; 2020:1257962. [PMID: 33029159 PMCID: PMC7530514 DOI: 10.1155/2020/1257962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is a pandemic metabolic syndrome with increasing incidences every year. Among the significant factors that lead to obesity, overconsumption of high-fat food in daily intake is always the main contributor. Functional foods have shown a positive effect on disease prevention and provide health benefits, including counteracting obesity problem. Vinegar is one of the fermented functional beverages that have been consumed for many years, and different types of vinegar showed different bioactivities and efficacies. In this study, we investigated the potential effects of pineapple vinegar as an antiobesity agent on a high-fat diet- (HFD-) induced C57BL/6 obese mice. C57BL/6 mice were treated with pineapple vinegar (1 mL/kg BW and 0.08 mL/kg BW) for 12 weeks after 24 weeks of HFD incubation. Serum biochemistry profiles, antioxidant assays, qPCR, proteome profiler, and 16S metagenomic were done posttreatment. Our data showed that a high concentration of pineapple vinegar (1 mL/kg BW) treatment significantly (p < 0.05) reduced the bodyweight (∼20%), restored lipid profiles, increased the antioxidant activities, and reduced the oxidative stress. Besides, significant (p < 0.05) regulation of several adipokines and inflammatory-related genes was recorded. Through the regulation of gut microbiota, we found a higher abundance of Akkermansia muciniphila, a microbiota reported to be associated with obesity in the high concentration of pineapple vinegar treatment. Collectively, these data established the mechanism of pineapple vinegar as antiobesity in mice and revealed the potential of pineapple vinegar as a functional food for obesity.
Collapse
|
27
|
Taherkhani S, Suzuki K, Castell L. A Short Overview of Changes in Inflammatory Cytokines and Oxidative Stress in Response to Physical Activity and Antioxidant Supplementation. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:E886. [PMID: 32962110 PMCID: PMC7555806 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9090886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Excessive release of inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress (OS) are triggering factors in the onset of chronic diseases. One of the factors that can ensure health in humans is regular physical activity. This type of activity can enhance immune function and dramatically prevent the spread of the cytokine response and OS. However, if physical activity is done intensely at irregular intervals, it is not only unhealthy but can also lead to muscle damage, OS, and inflammation. In this review, the response of cytokines and OS to exercise is described. In addition, it is focused predominantly on the role of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) generated from muscle metabolism and damage during exercise and on the modulatory effects of antioxidant supplements. Furthermore, the influence of factors such as age, sex, and type of exercise protocol (volume, duration, and intensity of training) is analyzed. The effect of antioxidant supplements on improving OS and inflammatory cytokines is somewhat ambiguous. More research is needed to understand this issue, considering in greater detail factors such as level of training, health status, age, sex, disease, and type of exercise protocol.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shima Taherkhani
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht 4199843653, Iran;
| | - Katsuhiko Suzuki
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, 2-579-15 Mikajima, Tokorozawa 359-1192, Japan
| | - Lindy Castell
- Green Templeton College, University of Oxford, Oxford OX2 6HG, UK
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Dominguez-Balmaseda D, Diez-Vega I, Larrosa M, San Juan AF, Issaly N, Moreno-Pérez D, Burgos S, Sillero-Quintana M, Gonzalez C, Bas A, Roller M, Pérez-Ruiz M. Effect of a Blend of Zingiber officinale Roscoe and Bixa orellana L. Herbal Supplement on the Recovery of Delayed-Onset Muscle Soreness Induced by Unaccustomed Eccentric Resistance Training: A Randomized, Triple-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial. Front Physiol 2020; 11:826. [PMID: 32848820 PMCID: PMC7396658 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is an increasing interest in the use of eccentric muscle exercise to improve physical condition, especially with regards to its health-related benefits. However, it is known that unaccustomed eccentric exercise causes muscle damage and delayed pain, commonly defined as "delayed onset muscle soreness" (DOMS). The efficacy of herbal preparations in subjects suffering from DOMS has been reported in a few previous studies with small or moderate outcome measures related to muscle recovery. The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of a polyherbal mixture containing whole Zingiber officinale Roscoe and Bixa orellana L., powders called ReWin(d), in young male athletes suffering from DOMS induced by a 1 h session of plyometric exercises. METHODS Thirty-three young male athletes participated in this randomized, Triple-blind, placebo-controlled trial: 17 of them assigned to the ReWin(d) group and 16 of them to the placebo group. Creatine kinase (CK) was measured as a muscle damage marker, pain was assessed using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS), muscle performance was measured through half-squat exercise (HS) monitored with an accelerometer (Encoder), and heart rate variability (HRV) was monitored for 5 min with the subjects in the supine position. All determinations were performed before and after the eccentric session and 24, 48, and 72 h after the session. RESULTS The eccentric exercise session caused an increase in CK at 24 and 48 h after exercise intervention in both groups (p < 0.001). There was no interaction between groups regarding muscle damage. The pain increased after the training session in both groups (p < 0.001), and a significant interaction was observed between groups at 48 h after exercise (p = 0.004). Lower limb muscular power showed a significant interaction between groups 24 h after exercise (p = 0.049); the placebo group showed a reduction in muscle power compared to the ReWin(d) group. The LF/HF ratio decreased significantly at 72 h after exercise in the herbal group but not in the placebo group. CONCLUSION The herbal supplement maintained the maximum power of the lower limbs and attenuated muscle pain. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION www.ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier NCT03961022.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diego Dominguez-Balmaseda
- Research Group on Nutrition, Physical Activity and Health, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences Universidad Europea, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ignacio Diez-Vega
- Research Group on Exercise, Health and Applied Biomarkers, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mar Larrosa
- Research Group on Nutrition, Physical Activity and Health, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences Universidad Europea, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alejandro F. San Juan
- Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences-INEF, Universidad Polit cnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Diego Moreno-Pérez
- Departamento de Educación, Métodos de Investigación y Evaluación, Universidad Pontificia de Comillas, Instituto Católico de Artes e Industrias-Instituto Católico de Administración y Dirección de Empresas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Silvia Burgos
- Research Group on Exercise, Health and Applied Biomarkers, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Sillero-Quintana
- Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences-INEF, Universidad Polit cnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Gonzalez
- Research Group on Exercise, Health and Applied Biomarkers, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Andrea Bas
- Research Group on Exercise, Health and Applied Biomarkers, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Margarita Pérez-Ruiz
- Research Group on Exercise, Health and Applied Biomarkers, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Suzuki K, Tominaga T, Ruhee RT, Ma S. Characterization and Modulation of Systemic Inflammatory Response to Exhaustive Exercise in Relation to Oxidative Stress. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9050401. [PMID: 32397304 PMCID: PMC7278761 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9050401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Exhaustive exercise induces systemic inflammatory responses, which are associated with exercise-induced tissue/organ damage, but the sources and triggers are not fully understood. Herein, the basics of inflammatory mediator cytokines and research findings on the effects of exercise on systemic inflammation are introduced. Subsequently, the association between inflammatory responses and tissue damage is examined in exercised and overloaded skeletal muscle and other internal organs. Furthermore, an overview of the interactions between oxidative stress and inflammatory mediator cytokines is provided. Particularly, the transcriptional regulation of redox signaling and pro-inflammatory cytokines is described, as the activation of the master regulatory factor nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2) is involved directly or indirectly in controlling pro-inflammatory genes and antioxidant enzymes expression, whilst nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) regulates the pro-inflammatory gene expression. Additionally, preventive countermeasures against the pathogenesis along with the possibility of interventions such as direct and indirect antioxidants and anti-inflammatory agents are described. The aim of this review is to give an overview of studies on the systematic inflammatory responses to exercise, including our own group as well as others. Moreover, the challenges and future directions in understanding the role of exercise and functional foods in relation to inflammation and oxidative stress are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katsuhiko Suzuki
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, 2-579-15 Mikajima, Tokorozawa 359-1192, Japan
- Correspondence: (K.S.); (S.M.); Tel.: +81-4-2947-6898 (K.S.); +81-4-2947-6753 (S.M.)
| | - Takaki Tominaga
- Graduate School of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Tokorozawa 359-1192, Japan; (T.T.); (R.T.R.)
| | - Ruheea Taskin Ruhee
- Graduate School of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Tokorozawa 359-1192, Japan; (T.T.); (R.T.R.)
| | - Sihui Ma
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, 2-579-15 Mikajima, Tokorozawa 359-1192, Japan
- Correspondence: (K.S.); (S.M.); Tel.: +81-4-2947-6898 (K.S.); +81-4-2947-6753 (S.M.)
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Martin-Rincon M, Gelabert-Rebato M, Galvan-Alvarez V, Gallego-Selles A, Martinez-Canton M, Lopez-Rios L, Wiebe JC, Martin-Rodriguez S, Arteaga-Ortiz R, Dorado C, Perez-Regalado S, Santana A, Morales-Alamo D, Calbet JAL. Supplementation with a Mango Leaf Extract (Zynamite®) in Combination with Quercetin Attenuates Muscle Damage and Pain and Accelerates Recovery after Strenuous Damaging Exercise. Nutrients 2020; 12:E614. [PMID: 32110986 PMCID: PMC7146389 DOI: 10.3390/nu12030614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Prolonged or unusual exercise may cause exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD). To test whether Zynamite®, a mango leaf extract rich in the natural polyphenol mangiferin, administered in combination with quercetin facilitates recovery after EIMD, 24 women and 33 men were randomly assigned to two treatment groups matched by sex and 5 km running performance, and ran a 10 km race followed by 100 drop jumps to elicit EIMD. One hour before the competition, and every 8 hours thereafter for 24 hours, they ingested placebo (728 mg of maltodextrin) or 140 mg of Zynamite® combined with 140 mg of quercetin (double-blind). Although competition times were similar, polyphenol supplementation attenuated the muscle pain felt after the competition (6.8 ± 1.5 and 5.7 ± 2.2 a.u., p = 0.035) and the loss of jumping performance (9.4 ± 11.5 and 3.9 ± 5.2%, p = 0.036; p = 0.034) and mechanical impulse (p = 0.038) 24 hours later. The polyphenols attenuated the increase of serum myoglobin and alanine aminotransferase in men, but not in women (interaction p < 0.05). In conclusion, a single dose of 140 mg Zynamite® combined with 140 mg of quercetin, administered one hour before competition, followed by three additional doses every eight hours, attenuates muscle pain and damage, and accelerates the recovery of muscle performance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marcos Martin-Rincon
- Department of Physical Education and Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Campus Universitario de Tafira s/n, 35017 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain; (M.M.-R.); (M.G.-R.); (V.G.-A.); (A.G.-S.); (M.M.-C.); (S.M.-R.); (R.A.-O.); (C.D.); (S.P.-R.); (A.S.); (D.M.-A.)
| | - Miriam Gelabert-Rebato
- Department of Physical Education and Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Campus Universitario de Tafira s/n, 35017 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain; (M.M.-R.); (M.G.-R.); (V.G.-A.); (A.G.-S.); (M.M.-C.); (S.M.-R.); (R.A.-O.); (C.D.); (S.P.-R.); (A.S.); (D.M.-A.)
- Nektium Pharma, Agüimes, 35118 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain; (L.L.-R.); (J.C.W.)
| | - Victor Galvan-Alvarez
- Department of Physical Education and Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Campus Universitario de Tafira s/n, 35017 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain; (M.M.-R.); (M.G.-R.); (V.G.-A.); (A.G.-S.); (M.M.-C.); (S.M.-R.); (R.A.-O.); (C.D.); (S.P.-R.); (A.S.); (D.M.-A.)
| | - Angel Gallego-Selles
- Department of Physical Education and Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Campus Universitario de Tafira s/n, 35017 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain; (M.M.-R.); (M.G.-R.); (V.G.-A.); (A.G.-S.); (M.M.-C.); (S.M.-R.); (R.A.-O.); (C.D.); (S.P.-R.); (A.S.); (D.M.-A.)
| | - Miriam Martinez-Canton
- Department of Physical Education and Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Campus Universitario de Tafira s/n, 35017 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain; (M.M.-R.); (M.G.-R.); (V.G.-A.); (A.G.-S.); (M.M.-C.); (S.M.-R.); (R.A.-O.); (C.D.); (S.P.-R.); (A.S.); (D.M.-A.)
| | - Laura Lopez-Rios
- Nektium Pharma, Agüimes, 35118 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain; (L.L.-R.); (J.C.W.)
| | - Julia C. Wiebe
- Nektium Pharma, Agüimes, 35118 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain; (L.L.-R.); (J.C.W.)
| | - Saul Martin-Rodriguez
- Department of Physical Education and Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Campus Universitario de Tafira s/n, 35017 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain; (M.M.-R.); (M.G.-R.); (V.G.-A.); (A.G.-S.); (M.M.-C.); (S.M.-R.); (R.A.-O.); (C.D.); (S.P.-R.); (A.S.); (D.M.-A.)
| | - Rafael Arteaga-Ortiz
- Department of Physical Education and Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Campus Universitario de Tafira s/n, 35017 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain; (M.M.-R.); (M.G.-R.); (V.G.-A.); (A.G.-S.); (M.M.-C.); (S.M.-R.); (R.A.-O.); (C.D.); (S.P.-R.); (A.S.); (D.M.-A.)
| | - Cecilia Dorado
- Department of Physical Education and Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Campus Universitario de Tafira s/n, 35017 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain; (M.M.-R.); (M.G.-R.); (V.G.-A.); (A.G.-S.); (M.M.-C.); (S.M.-R.); (R.A.-O.); (C.D.); (S.P.-R.); (A.S.); (D.M.-A.)
| | - Sergio Perez-Regalado
- Department of Physical Education and Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Campus Universitario de Tafira s/n, 35017 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain; (M.M.-R.); (M.G.-R.); (V.G.-A.); (A.G.-S.); (M.M.-C.); (S.M.-R.); (R.A.-O.); (C.D.); (S.P.-R.); (A.S.); (D.M.-A.)
| | - Alfredo Santana
- Department of Physical Education and Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Campus Universitario de Tafira s/n, 35017 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain; (M.M.-R.); (M.G.-R.); (V.G.-A.); (A.G.-S.); (M.M.-C.); (S.M.-R.); (R.A.-O.); (C.D.); (S.P.-R.); (A.S.); (D.M.-A.)
- Complejo Hospitalario Universitario Insular-Materno Infantil de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Clinical Genetics Unit, 35016 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - David Morales-Alamo
- Department of Physical Education and Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Campus Universitario de Tafira s/n, 35017 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain; (M.M.-R.); (M.G.-R.); (V.G.-A.); (A.G.-S.); (M.M.-C.); (S.M.-R.); (R.A.-O.); (C.D.); (S.P.-R.); (A.S.); (D.M.-A.)
| | - Jose A L Calbet
- Department of Physical Education and Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Campus Universitario de Tafira s/n, 35017 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain; (M.M.-R.); (M.G.-R.); (V.G.-A.); (A.G.-S.); (M.M.-C.); (S.M.-R.); (R.A.-O.); (C.D.); (S.P.-R.); (A.S.); (D.M.-A.)
- Department of Physical Performance, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, 0806 Oslo, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Omi N, Shiba H, Nishimura E, Tsukamoto S, Maruki-Uchida H, Oda M, Morita M. Effects of enzymatically modified isoquercitrin in supplementary protein powder on athlete body composition: a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial. J Int Soc Sports Nutr 2019; 16:39. [PMID: 31500646 PMCID: PMC6734270 DOI: 10.1186/s12970-019-0303-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Enzymatically modified isoquercitrin (EMIQ), a water-soluble quercetin, has been shown to intensify muscle hypertrophy in mice. We investigated the effect of EMIQ in supplementary protein powder on athlete body composition. Methods Forty Japanese males who played American football (age: 19.8 ± 1.4 years; body height: 174.1 ± 6.0 cm; body mass: 75.5 ± 10.7 kg) were assigned to a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial of parallel group. Participants received either EMIQ in whey protein (EW, n = 19) or contrast whey protein (W, n = 20) 6 days per week over 4 months. Body composition was assessed using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Markers of oxidative stress, derivatives of reactive oxygen metabolites (d-ROMs) and biological antioxidant potential (BAP), were assessed using a free radical analytical system. Data were analyzed using a univariate and repeated measures general model statistics. Results After 4 months, changes in lower limb fat-free mass and muscle mass were significantly greater in the EW group than in the W group (mean change ±95% CI; W: 324.1 ± 284.3, EW: 950.3 ± 473.2, p = 0.031, W: 255.7 ± 288.6, EW: 930.9 ± 471.5, p = 0.021, respectively). Moreover, the EW group exhibited a significantly higher BAP/d-ROMs ratio, antioxidation index, than the W group after 4 months (mean change ± SD; W: 8.8 ± 1.1, EW: 10.3 ± 2.8; p = 0.028). No significant differences in body mass, lean body mass, fat mass, or lower limb fat mass were observed between the groups. Conclusion Ingestion of EMIQ in supplementary protein powder for 4 months exerts antioxidant effects and increases muscle mass among American football players. Trial registration University Hospital Medical Information Network Clinical Trial Registry, UMIN000036036. Retrospectively registered in 2019.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naomi Omi
- Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan. .,Physical Education Graduate School, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan.
| | - Hideki Shiba
- Physical Education Graduate School, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Eisaku Nishimura
- Health Science Research Center, Morinaga & Co., Ltd, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sakuka Tsukamoto
- Health Science Research Center, Morinaga & Co., Ltd, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Masaya Oda
- Physical Education Graduate School, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Minoru Morita
- Health Science Research Center, Morinaga & Co., Ltd, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
α-Tocopherol Protects the Heart, Muscles, and Testes from Lipid Peroxidation in Growing Male Rats Subjected to Physical Efforts. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:8431057. [PMID: 33927795 PMCID: PMC8051519 DOI: 10.1155/2019/8431057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Revised: 05/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The effect of α-tocopherol supplementation on adaptation to training is still equivocal. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of training and α-tocopherol supplementation on α-tocopherol and thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) concentration in the rat liver, heart, muscles, and testes. Male Wistar rats (n = 32) were divided into four groups (nonsupplemented, not trained—C; nonsupplemented, trained—CT; supplemented, not trained—E; supplemented and trained—ET). During the 14-day experimental period, 2 mg/d of vitamin E as α-tocopherol acetate was administered to the animals (groups E and ET). Rats in the training group (CT and ET) were subjected to 15 minutes of treadmill running each day. The α-tocopherol levels in rat tissues were assessed using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Lipid peroxides were determined by TBARS spectrophotometric method. α-Tocopherol had a significant impact on α-tocopherol concentration in all tissues. Training increased the α-tocopherol concentration in the heart and muscles but reduced it in the liver. Training also caused increased lipid peroxidation in the muscles, heart, and testes; but a higher α-tocopherol content in tissues reduced the TBARS level. The main finding of the study is that impaired α-tocopherol status and its adequate intake is needed to maintain optimal status to prevent damage to the skeletal and cardiac muscles as well as the testes in growing individuals.
Collapse
|
33
|
Massaro M, Scoditti E, Carluccio MA, Kaltsatou A, Cicchella A. Effect of Cocoa Products and Its Polyphenolic Constituents on Exercise Performance and Exercise-Induced Muscle Damage and Inflammation: A Review of Clinical Trials. Nutrients 2019; 11:E1471. [PMID: 31261645 PMCID: PMC6683266 DOI: 10.3390/nu11071471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Revised: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the consumption of chocolate and, in particular, dark chocolate has been "rehabilitated" due to its high content of cocoa antioxidant polyphenols. Although it is recognized that regular exercise improves energy metabolism and muscle performance, excessive or unaccustomed exercise may induce cell damage and impair muscle function by triggering oxidative stress and tissue inflammation. The aim of this review was to revise the available data from literature on the effects of cocoa polyphenols on exercise-associated tissue damage and impairment of exercise performance. To this aim, PubMed and Web of Science databases were searched with the following keywords: "intervention studies", "cocoa polyphenols", "exercise training", "inflammation", "oxidative stress", and "exercise performance". We selected thirteen randomized clinical trials on cocoa ingestion that involved a total of 200 well-trained athletes. The retrieved data indicate that acute, sub-chronic, and chronic cocoa polyphenol intake may reduce exercise-induced oxidative stress but not inflammation, while mixed results are observed in terms of exercise performance and recovery. The interpretation of available results on the anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory activities of cocoa polyphenols remains questionable, likely due to the variety of physiological networks involved. Further experimental studies are mandatory to clarify the role of cocoa polyphenol supplementation in exercise-mediated inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marika Massaro
- National Research Council-Institute of Clinical Physiology, Laboratory of Nutrigenomic and Vascular Biology, Lecce 73100, Italy.
| | - Egeria Scoditti
- National Research Council-Institute of Clinical Physiology, Laboratory of Nutrigenomic and Vascular Biology, Lecce 73100, Italy
| | - Maria Annunziata Carluccio
- National Research Council-Institute of Clinical Physiology, Laboratory of Nutrigenomic and Vascular Biology, Lecce 73100, Italy
| | - Antonia Kaltsatou
- FAME Laboratory, Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, University of Thessaly, Trikala 42100, Greece
| | - Antonio Cicchella
- Department for Quality of Life Studies, University of Bologna, Bologna 40126, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Arazi H, Hosseini Z, Asadi A, Ramirez-Campillo R, Suzuki K. β-Hydroxy- β-Methylbutyrate Free Acid Attenuates Oxidative Stress Induced by a Single Bout of Plyometric Exercise. Front Physiol 2019; 10:776. [PMID: 31293445 PMCID: PMC6603230 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of β-hydroxy-β methylbutyrate free acid (HMB-FA) ingestion on oxidative stress and leukocyte responses to plyometric exercise. METHODS In a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled design, physically active males were assigned to the HMB-FA (n = 8) or placebo (n = 8) groups that consumed either 1 g of HMB-FA or placebo 30 min prior to performing an acute plyometric exercise protocol (15 sets of 10 repetitions of maximal-effort vertical jumps). Blood was obtained pre-(T1), post-(T2), and 1-h post-(T3) exercise to determine changes in serum levels of 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), malondialdehyde (MDA), protein carbonyl (PC), and white blood cells (WBC). RESULTS The exercise protocol significantly elevated 8-OHdG (HMB-FA, T2 9.5 and T3 12.6%; placebo, T2 18.2 and T3 36.5%), MDA (HMB-FA, T2 11.6 and T3 25.2%; placebo, T2 11.8 and T3 41%) and PC (HMB-FA, T2 6.9 and T3 25%; placebo, T2 23.4 and T3 55.3%) at post- and 1-h post-exercise, respectively. However, at 1-h post-exercise, greater increases in oxidative stress markers (8-OHdG 36.5 vs. 12.6%; MDA 41 vs. 25.1% and PC 55.3 vs. 25%) were observed in the placebo group compared to the HMB-FA group (p < 0.05). In addition, the WBC level was greater for the placebo group in comparison to the HMB-FA group at post-exercise. CONCLUSION HMB-FA attenuated oxidative stress and leukocyte responses to plyometric exercise compared with placebo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Arazi
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
| | - Zahra Hosseini
- Bandar Anzali Branch, Islamic Azad University, Bandar Anzali, Iran
| | - Abbas Asadi
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rodrigo Ramirez-Campillo
- Laboratory of Human Performance, Quality of Life and Wellness Research Group, Department of Physical Activity Sciences, Universidad de Los Lagos, Osorno, Chile
| | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Li Y, Xie J, Li Y, Yang Y, Yang L. Literature data based systems pharmacology uncovers the essence of "body fire" in traditional Chinese medicine: A case by Huang-Lian-Jie-Du-Tang. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 237:266-285. [PMID: 30922854 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.03.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Revised: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY RELEVANCE Like other concepts in traditional Chinese medical theory, "body fire", a concept that has already been well-known and widely used in describing the symptoms and the treatment of corresponding diseases, is, however, still under suspicions in the western medicine due to its vague essence and symptoms. Presently, Huang-Lian-Jie-Du-Tang (HLJDT), a typical popular TCM formula in cleansing the "body fire", is studied as a probe by a systems pharmacology method we produced, with purpose to explore the mechanisms of the potion, as well as to interpret the essence of "body fire" disease. METHODS The systematic process includes a pharmacokinetics prescreening, pharmacodynamics targets and pathways identification, and candidate-target-pathway network construction. RESULTS Through this method, 145 chemicals and 91 proteins are identified as active ingredients and "body fire"-related targets. And we find that the mechanism of HLJDT prescription for cleansing "body fire" lies in three, i.e., anti-OS/NS, anti-inflammation and anti-infection function modules, which are mainly executed through four, i.e., PI3K-AKT, MAPK, VEGF as well as Calcium signaling pathways. CONCLUSIONS Accordingly, the essence of "body fire" is a gradual process which is an integration of OS/NS, inflammation and infection. This work, we hope, may not only offer a systemic methodology for exploring and elucidating TCM concepts from a multi-scale perspective, but also provide an efficient way for herbal drug discovery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), Faculty of Chemical, Environmental and Biological Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning, 116024, PR China.
| | - Jing Xie
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), Faculty of Chemical, Environmental and Biological Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning, 116024, PR China.
| | - Yaying Li
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), Faculty of Chemical, Environmental and Biological Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning, 116024, PR China.
| | - Yinfeng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), Faculty of Chemical, Environmental and Biological Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning, 116024, PR China
| | - Ling Yang
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Chronic Inflammation as an Immunological Abnormality and Effectiveness of Exercise. Biomolecules 2019; 9:biom9060223. [PMID: 31181700 PMCID: PMC6628010 DOI: 10.3390/biom9060223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Revised: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Reduced levels of physical activity in people’s daily lives cause the development of metabolic syndromes or age-related disorders. Chronic inflammation is now understood to be an underlying pathological condition in which inflammatory cells such as neutrophils and monocyte/macrophages infiltrate into fat and other tissues and accumulate when people become obese due to overeating and/or physical inactivity. Pro-inflammatory mediators such as cytokines that are secreted in excess from inflammatory cells will not only lead to the development of arteriosclerosis when they chronically affect blood vessels but also bring tissue degeneration and/or dysfunction to various organs. Chronic inflammation is also involved in sarcopenia that brings hypofunction in the elderly, dementia, osteoporosis, or cancer and negatively affects many chronic diseases and people’s healthy life expectancy. In this paper, outlines of such studies are introduced in terms of homeostatic inflammation, which occurs chronically due to the innate immune system and its abnormalities, while focusing on the efficacy of exercise from aspects of immunology and oxidative stress. The preventative effects of functional food ingredients in combination with exercise are also introduced and described. The challenges and future directions in understanding the role of exercise in the control of chronic inflammation are discussed.
Collapse
|
37
|
Kupusarevic J, McShane K, Clifford T. Cherry Gel Supplementation Does Not Attenuate Subjective Muscle Soreness or Alter Wellbeing Following a Match in a Team of Professional Rugby Union players: A Pilot Study. Sports (Basel) 2019; 7:sports7040084. [PMID: 30959854 PMCID: PMC6524362 DOI: 10.3390/sports7040084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Revised: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This study examined the effects of sour tart cherry juice (TC) on muscle soreness (MS) and wellbeing following a rugby union match in professional players. In a crossover design, 10 players from a senior squad in the top tier of England consumed either 2 × 30 mL servings of TC or an isocaloric cherry-flavoured control gel (CON) two days before, the day of, and two days following an 80 min match. Subjective wellbeing and MS were measured before the match (Pre), and for three days following the match (M+1, M+2, and M+3, respectively). MS was elevated from Pre at M+1 (CON, 111 ± 37 mm vs. TC 94 ± 41 mm) and M+2 (CON, 81 ± 35 mm vs. TC 72 ± 36 mm) (time effect; p = 0.0001; ηp2 = 0.821) but there were no differences between TC and CON at either time point post-exercise (p = 0.807; ηp2 = 0.035). Wellness scores were ~15% lower at M+1 (p = 0.023; ηp2 = 0.638) but there were no differences between the two conditions at any time point (p = 0.647; ηp2 = 0.160). In conclusion, tart cherry juice did not attenuate soreness or alter wellbeing in a team of professional rugby union players following a competitive match.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joe Kupusarevic
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle, NE2 4HH, UK.
| | - Kevin McShane
- Newcastle Falcons R.F.C., Kingston Park, Newcastle NE13 8AF, UK.
| | - Tom Clifford
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle, NE2 4HH, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Yimcharoen M, Kittikunnathum S, Suknikorn C, Nak-On W, Yeethong P, Anthony TG, Bunpo P. Effects of ascorbic acid supplementation on oxidative stress markers in healthy women following a single bout of exercise. J Int Soc Sports Nutr 2019; 16:2. [PMID: 30665439 PMCID: PMC6341721 DOI: 10.1186/s12970-019-0269-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ascorbic acid is a water-soluble chain breaking antioxidant. It scavenges free radicals and reactive oxygen species (ROS), which are produced during metabolic pathways. Exercise can produce an imbalance between ROS and antioxidants, leading to oxidative stress-related tissue damages. This study was designed to determine the effects of ascorbic acid supplementation on circulating biomarkers of oxidative stress and muscle damage following a single bout of exercise. METHODS In a crossover design with a 1 wk. wash-out period, 19 healthy women performed 30 min moderate-intensity cycling after ingesting 1000 mg of ascorbic acid (AA) or placebo. Blood samples were taken immediately before, immediately after and 30 min post-exercise to determine plasma albumin, total protein, glucose, oxidative stress and muscle damage markers. RESULTS Plasma albumin and total protein levels increased immediately after exercise in placebo alongside slight reductions in glucose (p = 0.001). These effects were absent in AA cohort. Ferric reducing ability of plasma and vitamin C levels in AA cohort significantly increased after exercise (p < 0.05). Superoxide dismutase activity was significantly elevated after exercise (p = 0.002) in placebo but not AA. Plasma malondialdehyde did not change after exercise in placebo but was significantly decreased in AA (p < 0.05). The exercise protocol promoted slight muscle damage, reflected in significant increases in total creatine kinase in all subjects after exercise. On the other hand, plasma C-reactive protein and lactate dehydrogenase remained unchanged. CONCLUSION Supplementation with ascorbic acid prior exercise improves antioxidant power but does not prevent muscle damage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manita Yimcharoen
- Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Suwatsin Kittikunnathum
- Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Chawannut Suknikorn
- Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Wichuda Nak-On
- Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Petcharee Yeethong
- Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Tracy G Anthony
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA
| | - Piyawan Bunpo
- Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Nguyen HTL, Panyoyai N, Kasapis S, Pang E, Mantri N. Honey and Its Role in Relieving Multiple Facets of Atherosclerosis. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11010167. [PMID: 30646548 PMCID: PMC6356546 DOI: 10.3390/nu11010167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2018] [Revised: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Honey, a natural sweetener has been used universally as a complete food and in complementary medicine since early antiquity. Honey contains over 180 substances, including sugars mainly fructose and glucose, water and a plethora of minor constituents such as vitamins, minerals and phytochemicals. The chemical composition of honey varies depending on floral origin, environment and geographical conditions. The sugar components dominate honey composition and they are accountable for sensory and physicochemical properties in food industry. Although present in small quantities, non-sugar components are the major contributors to the health benefits of honey. Our review summarizes and discusses composition of honey, its protective effects and possible action modes on risk factors of atherosclerosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huong Thi Lan Nguyen
- The Pangenomics Lab, School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne 3083, Australia.
- Department of ScienceVietnam Institute of Agricultural Engineering and Postharvest Technology, Hanoi 10000, Vietnam.
| | - Naksit Panyoyai
- Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Rajabhat Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50300, Thailand.
| | - Stefan Kasapis
- The Pangenomics Lab, School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne 3083, Australia.
| | - Edwin Pang
- The Pangenomics Lab, School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne 3083, Australia.
| | - Nitin Mantri
- The Pangenomics Lab, School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne 3083, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
He F, Chuang CC, Zhou T, Jiang Q, Sedlock DA, Zuo L. Redox correlation in muscle lengthening and immune response in eccentric exercise. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0208799. [PMID: 30589838 PMCID: PMC6307742 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0208799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was designed to examine the potential involvement of reactive oxygen species in skeletal muscle dysfunction linked with stretching in a mouse model and to explore the effects of combined antioxidant intake on peripheral leukocyte apoptosis following eccentrically-biased downhill runs in human subjects. In the mouse model, diaphragmatic muscle was stretched by 30% of its optimal length, followed by 5-min contraction. Muscle function and extracellular reactive oxygen species release was measured ex vivo. In human models, participants performed two trials of downhill running either with or without antioxidant supplementation, followed by apoptotic assay of inflammatory cells in the blood. The results showed that stretch led to decreased muscle function and prominent ROS increase during muscle contraction. In human models, we observed an elevation in circulating leukocyte apoptosis 24-48 hours following acute downhill runs. However, there is an attenuated leukocyte apoptosis following the second bout of downhill run. Interestingly, the combination of ascorbic acid (vitamin C) and α-tocopherol (vitamin E) supplementation attenuated the decrease in B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) at 24 hours following acute downhill running. These data collectively suggest that significant ROS formation can be induced by muscle-lengthening associated with eccentric exercise, which is accompanied by compromised muscle function. The combination of antioxidants supplementation appears to have a protective role via the attenuation of decrease in anti-apoptotic protein.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Feng He
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, College of Health and Human Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States of America
- Department of Kinesiology, California State University-Chico, Chico, CA, United States of America
| | - Chia-Chen Chuang
- Radiologic Sciences and Respiratory Therapy Division, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States of America
- Interdisciplinary Biophysics Graduate Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States of America
| | - Tingyang Zhou
- Radiologic Sciences and Respiratory Therapy Division, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States of America
- Interdisciplinary Biophysics Graduate Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States of America
| | - Qing Jiang
- Department of Nutrition Science, College of Health and Human Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States of America
| | - Darlene A. Sedlock
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, College of Health and Human Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States of America
- * E-mail: (LZ); (DAS)
| | - Li Zuo
- Radiologic Sciences and Respiratory Therapy Division, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States of America
- Interdisciplinary Biophysics Graduate Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States of America
- Molecular Physiology and Biophysics Laboratory, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Maine, Presque Isle, ME, United States of America
- * E-mail: (LZ); (DAS)
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
In Vitro and In Vivo Functional Characterization of Essence of Chicken as An Ergogenic Aid. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10121943. [PMID: 30544515 PMCID: PMC6316091 DOI: 10.3390/nu10121943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Revised: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Essence of chicken is a popular Asian nutritional supplement that is often taken to improve metabolism and general health. Although used as a traditional remedy for combating fatigue and general health, there has been few studies investigating the ergogenic properties of chicken essence and its associated mechanism. We conducted a study to investigate the anti-fatigue and anti-oxidant properties of essence of chicken (EC) after exercise. Six weeks old male Institute of Cancer Research (ICR) mice were divided to four groups (10 mice/group) and were provided different doses of Essence of Chicken (EC): (1) Vehicle (water), (2) EC-0.5X (558 mg/kg), (3) EC-1X (1117 mg/kg), and (4) EC-2X (2234 mg/kg). EC supplementation could improve endurance and grip strength (p < 0.0001) and it had significant effects on the fatigue-related biochemical markers: ammonia, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and creatine kinase (CK) levels were significantly lowered, while glucose blood levels and lactate clearance were improved after exercise challenge. Muscle and liver glycogen levels, muscle and liver superoxide dismutase (SOD), hepatic catalase (CAT), and glutathione (GSH) levels were observed to increase with EC supplementation. Preliminary in vitro data suggests that EC may have a beneficial effect in muscle mass and strength. No abnormalities were observed from pathohistological examination. Our study suggests that the EC could significantly improve exercise performance and endurance capacity and that the anti-oxidant properties of EC may be an important contributing factor to its anti-fatigue effects.
Collapse
|
42
|
Willmott AGB, Hayes M, James CA, Dekerle J, Gibson OR, Maxwell NS. Once- and twice-daily heat acclimation confer similar heat adaptations, inflammatory responses and exercise tolerance improvements. Physiol Rep 2018; 6:e13936. [PMID: 30575321 PMCID: PMC6302546 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.13936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
This experiment aimed to investigate the efficacy of twice-daily, nonconsecutive heat acclimation (TDHA) in comparison to once-daily heat acclimation (ODHA) and work matched once- or twice-daily temperate exercise (ODTEMP, TDTEMP) for inducing heat adaptations, improved exercise tolerance, and cytokine (immune) responses. Forty males, matched biophysically and for aerobic capacity, were assigned to ODHA, TDHA, ODTEMP, or TDTEMP. Participants completed a cycling-graded exercise test, heat acclimation state test, and a time to task failure (TTTF) at 80% peak power output in temperate (TTTFTEMP : 22°C/40% RH) and hot conditions (TTTFHOT : 38°C/20% RH), before and after 10-sessions (60 min of cycling at ~2 W·kg-1 ) in 45°C/20% RH (ODHA and TDHA) or 22°C/40% RH (ODTEMP or TDTEMP). Plasma IL-6, TNF-α, and cortisol were measured pre- and postsessions 1, 5, and 10. ODHA and TDHA induced equivalent heat adaptations (P < 0.05) (resting rectal temperature [-0.28 ± 0.22, -0.28 ± 0.19°C], heart rate [-10 ± 3, -10 ± 4 b·min-1 ], and plasma volume expansion [+10.1 ± 5.6, +8.5 ± 3.1%]) and improved heat acclimation state (sweat set point [-0.22 ± 0.18, -0.22 ± 0.14°C] and gain [+0.14 ± 0.10, +0.15 ± 0.07 g·sec-1 ·°C-1 ]). TTTFHOT increased (P < 0.001) following ODHA (+25 ± 4%) and TDHA (+24 ± 10%), but not ODTEMP (+5 ± 14%) or TDTEMP (+5 ± 17%). TTTFTEMP did not improve (P > 0.05) following ODHA (+14 ± 4%), TDHA (14 ± 8%), ODTEMP (9 ± 10%) or TDTEMP (8 ± 13%). Acute (P < 0.05) but no chronic (P > 0.05) increases were observed in IL-6, TNF-α, or cortisol during ODHA and TDHA, or ODTEMP and TDTEMP. Once- and twice-daily heat acclimation conferred similar magnitudes of heat adaptation and exercise tolerance improvements, without differentially altering immune function, thus nonconsecutive TDHA provides an effective, logistically flexible method of HA, benefitting individuals preparing for exercise-heat stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ashley G. B. Willmott
- Environmental Extremes LaboratoryUniversity of BrightonBrightonEastbourneUnited Kingdom
| | - Mark Hayes
- Environmental Extremes LaboratoryUniversity of BrightonBrightonEastbourneUnited Kingdom
| | - Carl A. James
- Environmental Extremes LaboratoryUniversity of BrightonBrightonEastbourneUnited Kingdom
- Institut Sukan Negara (National Sports Institute)National Sports ComplexKuala LumpurMalaysia
| | - Jeanne Dekerle
- Environmental Extremes LaboratoryUniversity of BrightonBrightonEastbourneUnited Kingdom
| | - Oliver R. Gibson
- Centre for Human Performance, Exercise and Rehabilitation (CHPER)Brunel University LondonUxbridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Neil S. Maxwell
- Environmental Extremes LaboratoryUniversity of BrightonBrightonEastbourneUnited Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Maglione AV, Taranto P, Hamermesz B, Souza JS, Cafarchio EM, Ogihara CA, Maciel RMB, Giannocco G, Sato MA. Impact of swimming exercise on inflammation in medullary areas of sympathetic outflow control in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Metab Brain Dis 2018; 33:1649-1660. [PMID: 29946957 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-018-0273-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Exercise reduces sympathetic activity (SA), arterial pressure and heart rate in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). Exercise increases oxidative stress (OS) and inflammation is implicated in the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and progression of hypertension. To unravel these effects of exercise and considering that SA is driven by medullary areas, we hypothesized that swimming exercise (SW) affects the gene expression (g.e.) of proteins involved in inflammation and OS in the commissural Nucleus of the Solitary Tract (cNTS) and Rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM), which control the sympathetic outflow in SHR. We used male SHR and Wistar rats (14-16wks-old) which were maintained sedentary (SED) or submitted to SW (1 h/day, 5 days/wk./6wks). The g.e. of cycloxygenase-2 (COX-2), interleukin 6 (IL-6), interleukin 10 (IL-10), AT-1 receptor (AT-1r), neuroglobin (Ngb) and cytoglobin (Ctb) in cNTS and RVLM was carried out by qPCR. We observed that COX-2 g.e. increased in SW-SHR in cNTS and RVLM compared to SED-SHR. The IL-6 g.e. reduced in RVLM in SW-SHR, whereas IL-10 g.e. increased in SW-SHR in comparison to SED-SHR. The AT-1r g.e. decreased in SW-SHR in cNTS and RVLM compared to SED-SHR. The Ngb and Ctb g.e. in cNTS neurons increased in SHR and Wistar rats submitted to SW compared to SED, but only Ctb g.e. increased in RVLM in SW-SHR and Wistar in comparison to SED. Therefore, the SW altered the g.e. in cNTS and RVLM for reducing the inflammation and ROS formation, which is increased particularly in SHR, consequently decreasing the OS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea V Maglione
- Department of Morphology and Physiology, Faculdade de Medicina do ABC, 2000 Lauro Gomes Ave., Vila Sacadura Cabral, Santo Andre, SP, 09060-870, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Taranto
- Department of Morphology and Physiology, Faculdade de Medicina do ABC, 2000 Lauro Gomes Ave., Vila Sacadura Cabral, Santo Andre, SP, 09060-870, Brazil
| | - Bruno Hamermesz
- Department of Morphology and Physiology, Faculdade de Medicina do ABC, 2000 Lauro Gomes Ave., Vila Sacadura Cabral, Santo Andre, SP, 09060-870, Brazil
| | - Janaina S Souza
- Department of Medicine, Federal Univesity of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Eduardo M Cafarchio
- Department of Morphology and Physiology, Faculdade de Medicina do ABC, 2000 Lauro Gomes Ave., Vila Sacadura Cabral, Santo Andre, SP, 09060-870, Brazil
| | - Cristiana A Ogihara
- Department of Morphology and Physiology, Faculdade de Medicina do ABC, 2000 Lauro Gomes Ave., Vila Sacadura Cabral, Santo Andre, SP, 09060-870, Brazil
| | - Rui M B Maciel
- Department of Medicine, Federal Univesity of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Gisele Giannocco
- Department of Medicine, Federal Univesity of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Monica A Sato
- Department of Morphology and Physiology, Faculdade de Medicina do ABC, 2000 Lauro Gomes Ave., Vila Sacadura Cabral, Santo Andre, SP, 09060-870, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Brown M, McClean CM, Davison GW, Brown JCW, Murphy MH. The acute effects of walking exercise intensity on systemic cytokines and oxidative stress. Eur J Appl Physiol 2018; 118:2111-2120. [PMID: 30008038 PMCID: PMC6153601 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-018-3930-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Purpose Oxidative stress is associated with tissue cytokine secretion although the precise mechanism(s) underpinning this relationship during high intensity intermittent exercise remains unclear. This study investigates the acute response to a bout of high intensity intermittent walking (HIIW), compared to continuous moderate intensity walking (CMW), on various cytokines and biomarkers of oxidative stress. Methods Seventeen (n = 17) apparently healthy male participants (aged 22.6 ± 4.6 years; \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{wasysym}
\usepackage{amsfonts}
\usepackage{amssymb}
\usepackage{amsbsy}
\usepackage{mathrsfs}
\usepackage{upgreek}
\setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}
\begin{document}$$\dot{V}{\text{O}}_{2} \max$$\end{document}V˙O2max: 53.7 ± 7.1 ml kg−1 min−1) undertook a randomised crossover study consisting of two exercise trials: (1) HIIW requiring 3 × 5 min bursts at 80% \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{wasysym}
\usepackage{amsfonts}
\usepackage{amssymb}
\usepackage{amsbsy}
\usepackage{mathrsfs}
\usepackage{upgreek}
\setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}
\begin{document}$$\dot{V}{\text{O}}_{2} \max$$\end{document}V˙O2max (each separated by 5 min of walking at 30% \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{wasysym}
\usepackage{amsfonts}
\usepackage{amssymb}
\usepackage{amsbsy}
\usepackage{mathrsfs}
\usepackage{upgreek}
\setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}
\begin{document}$$\dot{V}{\text{O}}_{2} \max$$\end{document}V˙O2max) and (2) CMW (60% \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{wasysym}
\usepackage{amsfonts}
\usepackage{amssymb}
\usepackage{amsbsy}
\usepackage{mathrsfs}
\usepackage{upgreek}
\setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}
\begin{document}$$\dot{V}{\text{O}}_{2} \max$$\end{document}V˙O2max for 30 min). Each trial was separated by 7 days. Venous blood samples were obtained pre-exercise, post-exercise and at 2, 4, 24 and 48 h post-exercise for determination of systemic inflammation (IL-6 and TNF-α), lipid soluble antioxidants and oxidative stress (LOOH, H2O2 and the ascorbyl free radical). Results Both IL-6 and TNF-α increased immediately post exercise, regardless of intensity and remained elevated until at least 4 h (main effect for time; p < 0.05). While there was no change in either lipid peroxidation or free radical metabolism (Asc· and H2O2), α-tocopherol increased (pooled HIIW and CMW, p < 0.05), whereas lycopene decreased at 2 h post HIIW (p < 0.05). Conclusion Bouts of both HIIW and CMW promote cytokine secretion post exercise, and this seems to be independent of oxidative stress. Further investigation is required to assess how such changes may underpin some of the transient health benefits of exercise.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Malcolm Brown
- Sport and Exercise Sciences Research Institute, Ulster University, Jordanstown, County Antrim, BT37 0QB, Northern Ireland, UK. .,School of Nursing and Midwifery, Medical Biology Centre, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland, UK.
| | - Conor M McClean
- Sport and Exercise Sciences Research Institute, Ulster University, Jordanstown, County Antrim, BT37 0QB, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Gareth W Davison
- Sport and Exercise Sciences Research Institute, Ulster University, Jordanstown, County Antrim, BT37 0QB, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - John C W Brown
- Sport and Exercise Sciences Research Institute, Ulster University, Jordanstown, County Antrim, BT37 0QB, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Marie H Murphy
- Sport and Exercise Sciences Research Institute, Ulster University, Jordanstown, County Antrim, BT37 0QB, Northern Ireland, UK
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Xu X, Ding Y, Yang Y, Gao Y, Sun Q, Liu J, Yang X, Wang J, Zhang J. β-glucan Salecan Improves Exercise Performance and Displays Anti-Fatigue Effects through Regulating Energy Metabolism and Oxidative Stress in Mice. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10070858. [PMID: 29970808 PMCID: PMC6073659 DOI: 10.3390/nu10070858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Revised: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Fatigue induced by prolonged exercise not only leads to the decrease of exercise capacity, but also might be the cause of many diseases. In consideration of the side effects of pharmacological drugs, dietary supplements seem to be a better choice to ameliorate exercise-induced fatigue. The present study aimed to investigate the anti-fatigue effect of Salecan, a novel water-soluble β-glucan, during exercise and explore the underlying mechanisms. Male Institute of Cancer Research (ICR) mice were divided into five groups, including the Rest group and the other four Swim-groups treated with Salecan at 0, 25, 50, and 100 mg/kg/day for four weeks. Salecan treatment markedly increased the exhaustive swimming time of mice in the forced swimming test. Exercise fatigue and injury-related biochemical biomarkers including lactate, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine kinase (CK), alanine transaminase (ALT), and aspartate transaminase (AST) were ameliorated by Salecan. Salecan reversed the decreased serum glucose levels and glycogen contents caused by exercise. In addition, Salecan improved oxidative stress induced by exercise through regulating Nrf2/HO–1/Trx signaling pathway. Thus, the beneficial effects of Salecan against fatigue may be due to its positive effects on energy metabolism and antioxidation defence. Our results suggest that Salecan could be a novel potential candidate for anti-fatigue dietary supplements.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xi Xu
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing 210094, China.
| | - Yijian Ding
- Department of Physical Education, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing 210094, China.
| | - Yunxia Yang
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing 210094, China.
| | - Yan Gao
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing 210094, China.
| | - Qi Sun
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing 210094, China.
| | - Junhao Liu
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing 210094, China.
| | - Xiao Yang
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing 210094, China.
| | - Junsong Wang
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing 210094, China.
| | - Jianfa Zhang
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing 210094, China.
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Interactions of Gut Microbiota, Endotoxemia, Immune Function, and Diet in Exertional Heatstroke. JOURNAL OF SPORTS MEDICINE 2018; 2018:5724575. [PMID: 29850597 PMCID: PMC5926483 DOI: 10.1155/2018/5724575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Exertional heatstroke (EHS) is a medical emergency that cannot be predicted, requires immediate whole-body cooling to reduce elevated internal body temperature, and is influenced by numerous host and environmental factors. Widely accepted predisposing factors (PDF) include prolonged or intense exercise, lack of heat acclimatization, sleep deprivation, dehydration, diet, alcohol abuse, drug use, chronic inflammation, febrile illness, older age, and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug use. The present review links these factors to the human intestinal microbiota (IM) and diet, which previously have not been appreciated as PDF. This review also describes plausible mechanisms by which these PDF lead to EHS: endotoxemia resulting from elevated plasma lipopolysaccharide (i.e., a structural component of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria) and tissue injury from oxygen free radicals. We propose that recognizing the lifestyle and host factors which are influenced by intestine-microbial interactions, and modifying habitual dietary patterns to alter the IM ecosystem, will encourage efficient immune function, optimize the intestinal epithelial barrier, and reduce EHS morbidity and mortality.
Collapse
|
47
|
Abstract
Strenuous exercise induces such inflammatory responses as leukocytosis (neutrophilia) and symptoms as delayed-onset muscle soreness and swelling. However, the association between inflammatory mediator cytokines and oxidative stress is not fully delineated. Herein, in addition to basic background information on cytokines, research findings on exertional effects on cytokine release and the underlying mechanisms and triggers are introduced. Then, the associations among cytokine responses, oxidative stress, and tissue damage are described not only in overloaded skeletal muscle, but also in other internal organs. Furthermore, we introduce preventive countermeasures against the exhaustive exercise-induced pathogenesis together with the possibility of antioxidant interventions.
Collapse
|
48
|
Abstract
In humans, histamine is a molecular transducer of physical activity responses, and antihistamines modify more than 25% of the genes responding to exercise. Although the upstream signal that results in release of histamine within exercising skeletal muscle remains to be identified, it is likely a fundamental exercise response and not an allergic reaction.
Collapse
|
49
|
Marqués-Jiménez D, Calleja-González J, Arratibel I, Delextrat A, Terrados N. Fatigue and Recovery in Soccer: Evidence and Challenges. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.2174/1875399x01710010052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Soccer presents physiological, metabolic, physical and psychological demands which can deteriorate players’ performance due to fatigue. The high variability in physiological, metabolic, physical and psychological responses also influences the magnitude of exercise-induced muscle damage, with symptoms negatively affecting neuromuscular function during recovery or subsequent training sessions or matches. Consequently, more precise and consistent knowledge is required in this area to optimize training and performance.
Objective:
Therefore, the purpose is to sum-up current evidence on fatigue and recovery in soccer players, to shed light on factors that can affect players’ performance, and to suggest applications for coaches and further research.
Method:
A comprehensive review of the scientific literature on the field was conducted.
Results:
Physical performance decrements during matches have traditionally been associated with physiological fatigue, but the magnitude of the symptoms in soccer players is unclear and depends on several factors. Moreover, the decline in physical performance during a soccer match is related to specific demands of each match. These could explain inter-individual variability in acute fatigue or training recovery processes when comparing players from the same team. Recovery counteracts the effects of fatigue, both peripheral and central, but there is a lack of consensus about the usefulness of tests used to monitor fatigue and recovery kinetics.
Conclusion:
Although fatigue and recovery in soccer has been extensively studied, there are still uncertainties about the underlying mechanisms because they are influenced by physiological and match-related demands.
Collapse
|
50
|
Merry TL, Ristow M. Do antioxidant supplements interfere with skeletal muscle adaptation to exercise training? J Physiol 2016; 594:5135-47. [PMID: 26638792 PMCID: PMC5023714 DOI: 10.1113/jp270654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
A popular belief is that reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) produced during exercise by the mitochondria and other subcellular compartments ubiquitously cause skeletal muscle damage, fatigue and impair recovery. However, the importance of ROS and RNS as signals in the cellular adaptation process to stress is now evident. In an effort to combat the perceived deleterious effects of ROS and RNS it has become common practice for active individuals to ingest supplements with antioxidant properties, but interfering with ROS/RNS signalling in skeletal muscle during acute exercise may blunt favourable adaptation. There is building evidence that antioxidant supplementation can attenuate endurance training-induced and ROS/RNS-mediated enhancements in antioxidant capacity, mitochondrial biogenesis, cellular defence mechanisms and insulin sensitivity. However, this is not a universal finding, potentially indicating that there is redundancy in the mechanisms controlling skeletal muscle adaptation to exercise, meaning that in some circumstances the negative impact of antioxidants on acute exercise response can be overcome by training. Antioxidant supplementation has been more consistently reported to have deleterious effects on the response to overload stress and high-intensity training, suggesting that remodelling of skeletal muscle following resistance and high-intensity exercise is more dependent on ROS/RNS signalling. Importantly there is no convincing evidence to suggest that antioxidant supplementation enhances exercise-training adaptions. Overall, ROS/RNS are likely to exhibit a non-linear (hormetic) pattern on exercise adaptations, where physiological doses are beneficial and high exposure (which would seldom be achieved during normal exercise training) may be detrimental.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Troy L Merry
- Energy Metabolism Laboratory, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH), 8603, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Michael Ristow
- Energy Metabolism Laboratory, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH), 8603, Zurich, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|