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Vahedi Raad M, Firouzabadi AM, Tofighi Niaki M, Henkel R, Fesahat F. The impact of mitochondrial impairments on sperm function and male fertility: a systematic review. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2024; 22:83. [PMID: 39020374 PMCID: PMC11253428 DOI: 10.1186/s12958-024-01252-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Besides adenine triphosphate (ATP) production for sustaining motility, the mitochondria of sperm also host other critical cellular functions during germ cell development and fertilization including calcium homeostasis, generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), apoptosis, and in some cases steroid hormone biosynthesis. Normal mitochondrial membrane potential with optimal mitochondrial performance is essential for sperm motility, capacitation, acrosome reaction, and DNA integrity. RESULTS Defects in the sperm mitochondrial function can severely harm the fertility potential of males. The role of sperm mitochondria in fertilization and its final fate after fertilization is still controversial. Here, we review the current knowledge on human sperm mitochondria characteristics and their physiological and pathological conditions, paying special attention to improvements in assistant reproductive technology and available treatments to ameliorate male infertility. CONCLUSION Although mitochondrial variants associated with male infertility have potential clinical use, research is limited. Further understanding is needed to determine how these characteristics lead to adverse pregnancy outcomes and affect male fertility potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minoo Vahedi Raad
- Department of Biology & Anatomical Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Amir Masoud Firouzabadi
- Reproductive Immunology Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
- Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Maryam Tofighi Niaki
- Health Reproductive Research Center, Sari Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sari, Iran
| | - Ralf Henkel
- LogixX Pharma, Theale, Berkshire, UK.
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK.
- Department of Medical Bioscience, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, South Africa.
| | - Farzaneh Fesahat
- Reproductive Immunology Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.
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Jacquier EF, Kassis A, Marcu D, Contractor N, Hong J, Hu C, Kuehn M, Lenderink C, Rajgopal A. Phytonutrients in the promotion of healthspan: a new perspective. Front Nutr 2024; 11:1409339. [PMID: 39070259 PMCID: PMC11272662 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1409339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Considering a growing, aging population, the need for interventions to improve the healthspan in aging are tantamount. Diet and nutrition are important determinants of the aging trajectory. Plant-based diets that provide bioactive phytonutrients may contribute to offsetting hallmarks of aging and reducing the risk of chronic disease. Researchers now advocate moving toward a positive model of aging which focuses on the preservation of functional abilities, rather than an emphasis on the absence of disease. This narrative review discusses the modulatory effect of nutrition on aging, with an emphasis on promising phytonutrients, and their potential to influence cellular, organ and functional parameters in aging. The literature is discussed against the backdrop of a recent conceptual framework which describes vitality, intrinsic capacity and expressed capacities in aging. This aims to better elucidate the role of phytonutrients on vitality and intrinsic capacity in aging adults. Such a review contributes to this new scientific perspective-namely-how nutrition might help to preserve functional abilities in aging, rather than purely offsetting the risk of chronic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Diana Marcu
- School of Molecular Biosciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | | | - Jina Hong
- Amway Innovation and Science, Ada, MI, United States
| | - Chun Hu
- Amway Innovation and Science, Ada, MI, United States
| | - Marissa Kuehn
- Amway Innovation and Science, Ada, MI, United States
| | | | - Arun Rajgopal
- Amway Innovation and Science, Ada, MI, United States
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3
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Zou Y, Zhang S, Yang J, Qin C, Jin B, Liang Z, Yang S, Li L, Long M. Protective Effects of Astaxanthin on Ochratoxin A-Induced Liver Injury: Effects of Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Mitochondrial Fission-Fusion Balance. Toxins (Basel) 2024; 16:68. [PMID: 38393146 PMCID: PMC10893012 DOI: 10.3390/toxins16020068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Ochratoxin A (OTA), a common mycotoxin, can contaminate food and feed and is difficult to remove. Astaxanthin (ASTA), a natural antioxidant, can effectively protect against OTA-induced hepatotoxicity; however, its mechanism of action remains unclear. In the present study, we elucidate the protective effects of ASTA on the OTA-induced damage of the endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria in broiler liver samples by serum biochemical analysis, antioxidant analysis, qRT-PCR, and Western blot analysis. ASTA inhibited the expressions of ahr, pxr, car, cyp1a1, cyp1a5, cyp2c18, cyp2d6, and cyp3a9 genes, and significantly alleviated OTA-induced liver oxidative damage (SOD, GSH-Px, GSH, MDA). Furthermore, it inhibited OTA-activated endoplasmic reticulum stress genes and proteins (grp94, GRP78, atf4, ATF6, perk, eif2α, ire1, CHOP). ASTA alleviated OTA-induced mitochondrial dynamic imbalance, inhibited mitochondrial division (DRP1, mff), and promoted mitochondrial fusion (OPA1, MFN1, MFN2). In conclusion, ASTA can decrease OTA-induced oxidative damage, thereby alleviating endoplasmic reticulum stress and mitochondrial dynamic imbalance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Shuhua Yang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Liaoning Province, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China; (Y.Z.); (S.Z.); (J.Y.); (C.Q.); (B.J.); (Z.L.); (M.L.)
| | - Lin Li
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Liaoning Province, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China; (Y.Z.); (S.Z.); (J.Y.); (C.Q.); (B.J.); (Z.L.); (M.L.)
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Sohail T, Zhang L, Wang X, Jiang C, Wang J, Sun X, Li Y. Astaxanthin Improved the Quality of Hu Ram Semen by Increasing the Antioxidant Capacity and Mitochondrial Potential and Mitigating Free Radicals-Induced Oxidative Damage. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:319. [PMID: 38275779 PMCID: PMC10812392 DOI: 10.3390/ani14020319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The objective of this research was to investigate the effect of astaxanthin supplementations of semen extender on the quality of Hu ram semen after up to five days of preservation at 4 °C. Semen samples were collected from five healthy Hu rams using an artificial vagina during breeding season (April to August 2023) and diluted with a basic extender supplemented with control (0), 1 µM, 2 µM, 3.5 µM, or 4.5 µM of AXT. Overall, 170 semen ejaculate samples (34 repetitions) from five healthy Hu rams were used in our research study. The results revealed that the addition of AXT (3.5 µM) significantly (p ≤ 0.05) increased the sperm kinematic indexes (T.M%, P.M%, MAD%, STR%, and LIN %), sperm viability, plasma membrane integrity, acrosome integrity, total antioxidant content (T-AOC), and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) of the Hu rams spermatozoa after up to five days of preservation at 4 °C. Contrary to that, the addition of the best concentration of AXT (3.5 µM) to the semen extender significantly (p ≤ 0.05) reduced the reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration of Hu ram semen. In conclusion, the results of the current study indicate that the addition of a semen extender with AXT improves the quality of Hu ram spermatozoa by increasing the total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP). On the other hand, reducing free radicals induced oxidative (ROS) and per oxidative (MDA) damage to Hu ram semen.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Yongjun Li
- Key Laboratory for Animal Genetics & Molecular Breeding of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (T.S.); (L.Z.); (X.W.); (C.J.); (J.W.); (X.S.)
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Ait Lhaj Z, Ibork H, El Idrissi S, Ait Lhaj F, Sobeh M, Mohamed WMY, Alamy M, Taghzouti K, Abboussi O. Bioactive strawberry fruit ( Arbutus unedo L.) extract remedies paraquat-induced neurotoxicity in the offspring prenatally exposed rats. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1244603. [PMID: 37901424 PMCID: PMC10600521 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1244603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Paraquat (1,1'-dimethyl-4-4'-bipyridinium dichloride) exposure is well-established as a neurotoxic agent capable of causing neurological deficits in offspring. This study aimed to investigate therapeutic effects of Arbutus unedo L. aqueous extract (AU) against paraquat (PQ) exposure. Methods For that the phytoconstituents of AU was determined by LC/MS, and then its antioxidant potential was assessed by DPPH and ABTS assays. The assessment included its impact on cell viability and mitochondrial metabolism using N27 dopaminergic cells. Additionally, we evaluated the effects of prenatal PQ exposure on motor coordination, dopamine levels, trace element levels, and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) in rat progeny. Results The phytochemical profile of AU extract revealed the presence of 35 compounds, primarily phenolic and organic acids, and flavonoids. This accounted for its strong in vitro antioxidant activities against DPPH and ABTS radicals, surpassing the activities of vitamin C. Our findings demonstrated that AU effectively inhibited PQ-induced loss of N27 rat dopaminergic neural cells and significantly enhanced their mitochondrial respiration. Furthermore, daily post-treatment with AU during the 21 days of the rat's pregnancy alleviated PQ-induced motor deficits and akinesia in rat progeny. These effects inhibited dopamine depletion and reduced iron levels in the striatal tissues. The observed outcomes appeared to be mediated by the robust antioxidant activity of AU, effectively counteracting the PQ-induced decrease in TAC in the blood plasma of rat progeny. These effects could be attributed to the bioactive compounds present in AU, including phenolic acids such as gallic acid and flavonoids such as quercetin, rutin, apigenin, glucuronide, and kaempferol, all known for their potent antioxidant capacity. Discussion In conclusion, this preclinical study provided the first evidence of the therapeutic potential of AU extract against PQ-induced neurotoxicity. These findings emphasize the need for further exploration of the clinical applicability of AU in mitigating neurotoxin-induced brain damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zakaria Ait Lhaj
- Physiology and Physiopathology Team, Faculty of Sciences, Genomic of Human Pathologies Research Centre, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Hind Ibork
- Physiology and Physiopathology Team, Faculty of Sciences, Genomic of Human Pathologies Research Centre, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Sara El Idrissi
- Physiology and Physiopathology Team, Faculty of Sciences, Genomic of Human Pathologies Research Centre, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Farida Ait Lhaj
- Laboratory of Nanomaterials, Nanotechnologies and Environment, Faculty of Sciences, Center of Materials, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Mansour Sobeh
- AgroBiosciences Research Division, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, Ben-Guerir, Morocco
| | - Wael M. Y. Mohamed
- Basic Medical Science Department, Kulliyyah of Medicine, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Meryem Alamy
- Physiology and Physiopathology Team, Faculty of Sciences, Genomic of Human Pathologies Research Centre, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Khalid Taghzouti
- Physiology and Physiopathology Team, Faculty of Sciences, Genomic of Human Pathologies Research Centre, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Oualid Abboussi
- Physiology and Physiopathology Team, Faculty of Sciences, Genomic of Human Pathologies Research Centre, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco
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Cai J, Guan H, Li D, Shi B, Jiang Y, Qiao S, Liu Q, Fang C, Zhang Z. New insights into Microalgal astaxanthin's effect on Lambda-cyhalothrin-induced lymphocytes immunotoxicity in Cyprinus carpio: Involving miRNA-194-5p-FoxO1-mediated-mitophagy and pyroptosis. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 141:109046. [PMID: 37661035 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.109046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Lambda-cyhalothrin (LC), a pyrethroid insecticide widely used in agriculture, causes immunotoxicity to aquatic organisms in the aquatic environment. Microalgal astaxanthin (MA) is a natural carotenoid that enhances viability of a variety of fish. To investigate the immunotoxicity of LC and the improvement effect of MA in lymphocytes (Cyprinus carpio), lymphocytes were treated with LC (80 M) and/or MA (50 M) for 24 h. Firstly, CCK8 combined with PI staining results showed that MA significantly attenuated the LC-induced lymphocyte death rate. Secondly, LC exposure resulted in excessively damaged mitochondrial and mtROS, diminished mitochondrial membrane potential and ATP content, which could be improved by MA. Thirdly, MA upregulated the levels of mitophagy-related regulatory factors (Beclin1, LC3, ATG5, Tom20 and Lamp2) induced by LC. Importantly, MA decreased the levels of pyroptosis-related genes treated with LC, including NLRP3, Cas-4, GSDMD and active Cas-1. Further study indicated that LC treatment caused excessive miRNA-194-5p and reduced levels of FoxO1, PINK1 and Parkin, which was inhibited by MA treatment. Overall, we concluded that MA could enhance damaged mitochondrial elimination by promoting the miRNA-194-5p-FoxO1-PINK1/Parkin-mitophagy in lymphocytes, which reduced mtROS accumulation and alleviated pyroptosis. It offers insights into the importance of MA application in aquaculture as well as the defense of farmed fish against agrobiological hazards in fish under LC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingzeng Cai
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China; Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, PR China
| | - Haoyue Guan
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, PR China
| | - Di Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Bendong Shi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Yangyang Jiang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Senqiu Qiao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Qiaohan Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Cheng Fang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Ziwei Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China; Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, PR China.
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Li H, Zhang R, Hu Y, Li J, Yang Y, Wu D, Gu X, Zhang F, Zhou H, Yang C. Axitinib attenuates the progression of liver fibrosis by restoring mitochondrial function. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 122:110555. [PMID: 37399607 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
Liver fibrosis can progress to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma, which may eventually lead to liver failure and even death. No direct anti-fibrosis drugs are available at present. Axitinib is a new generation of potent multitarget tyrosine kinase receptor inhibitors, but its role in liver fibrosis remains unclear. In this study, a CCl4-induced hepatic fibrosis mouse model and a TGF-β1-induced hepatic stellate cell model were used to explore the effect and mechanism of axitinib on hepatic fibrosis. Results confirmed that axitinib could alleviate the pathological damage of liver tissue induced by CCl4 and inhibit the production of glutamic-oxalacetic transaminase and glutamic-pyruvic transaminase. It also inhibited collagen and hydroxyproline deposition and the protein expression of Col-1 and α-SMA in CCl4-induced liver fibrosis. In addition, axitinib inhibited the expression of CTGF and α-SMA in TGF-β1-induced hepatic stellate cells. Further studies showed that axitinib inhibited mitochondrial damage and reduced oxidative stress and NLRP3 maturation. The use of rotenone and antimycin A confirmed that axitinib could restore the activity of mitochondrial complexes I and III, thereby inhibiting the maturation of NLRP3. In summary, axitinib inhibits the activation of HSCs by enhancing the activity of mitochondrial complexes I and III, thereby alleviating the progression of liver fibrosis. This study reveals the strong potential of axitinib in the treatment of liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailong Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Ruotong Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China; High-throughput Molecular Drug Screening Centre, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Yayue Hu
- The State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China; High-throughput Molecular Drug Screening Centre, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Jinhe Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China; High-throughput Molecular Drug Screening Centre, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Ying Yang
- The State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Dan Wu
- The State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Xiaoting Gu
- The State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Fubo Zhang
- Organ Transplantation Center, Tianjin First Central Hospital, No. 24 Fukang Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300192, China.
| | - Honggang Zhou
- The State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China; High-throughput Molecular Drug Screening Centre, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, Tianjin 300350, China.
| | - Cheng Yang
- The State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China; High-throughput Molecular Drug Screening Centre, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, Tianjin 300350, China.
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Kaçar S, Semerci Sevimli T, Şahintürk V. SPC212 human mesothelioma cells underwent apoptosis, oxidative stress, and morphological deformation following Astaxanthin treatment. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2023; 37:e23415. [PMID: 37345684 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.23415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
Astaxanthin (ASX) is one of the keto-carotenoids, which is biologically more active than other counterparts. Besides its variety of beneficial effects, it was reported to exert anticancer effects. Despite its utilization against different cancer types, the effect of ASX on mesothelioma has yet to be well-studied. In this study, our goal is to ascertain how ASX will affect SPC212 human mesothelioma cells. First, the effective doses of ASX against SPC212 cells were investigated by the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) test. Thereafter, with flow cytometry analysis, Annexin-V and caspase 3/7 assay were implemented for the evaluation of apoptotic cell death and an oxidative stress test was carried out to determine how the free radicals changed. Ultimately, the cells' morphology was examined under a light microscope. The effective doses of ASX were found as 50, 100, and 200 µM. In the Annexin V assay, the total apoptosis increased to around 12%, 30%, and 45% with increasing doses of ASX. In the caspase 3/7 assay, the total apoptosis was around 25% and 38% at 100 and 200 µM. In oxidative stress analysis, reactive oxygen species-positive cells rose from 4.54 at the lowest dose to 86.95 at the highest dose. In morphological analysis, cellular shrinkage, decrease in cell density, swelling and vacuolations in some cells, membrane blebbing, and apoptotic bodies are observed in ASX-treated cells. To conclude, the current study provided insights into the efficacy and effects of ASX against SPC212 mesothelioma cells regarding morphology, proliferation, and cell death for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sedat Kaçar
- Department of Surgery, Indiana Center for Regenerative Medicine and Engineering, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, USA
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Eskişehir Osmangazi University, Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Tuğba Semerci Sevimli
- Department of Cellular Therapy and Stem Cell Production, Application and Research Center (ESTEM), Eskişehir Osmangazi University, Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Varol Şahintürk
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Eskişehir Osmangazi University, Eskişehir, Turkey
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The Role of Dietary Nutrients in Male Infertility: A Review. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:life13020519. [PMID: 36836876 PMCID: PMC9960932 DOI: 10.3390/life13020519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Male infertility is the main health issue with economic, psychological, and medical attributions. Moreover, it is characterized by an inability to produce a sufficient amount of sperm for the fertilization of an oocyte. Dietary nutrients (DN) have a great effect on male reproductive potential. Observations have indicated that adding DN may protect or treat male infertility. The scope of this criticism is to scrutinize the DN, such as omega-3 fatty acids, vitamins, minerals and other phytochemicals, in enhancing the semen attributes, sperm bioenergetics and sperm functionality in male infertility. It seems that diets rich in omega-3 fatty acids affect sperm quality and maintain the sperm membrane and mitochondria stability. An administration of phytochemicals caused an escalation in sperm mitochondrial function and a decrease in oxidative damage. Furthermore, sundry dietary natural phytochemicals differentially affect (negatively or positively) sperm motility, semen quality, and mitochondrial function, dependent on their levels. Vitamins and trace elements are also nutritional modulators in reducing oxidative stress, thereby enhancing sperm quality, which is accurately connected with sperm mitochondrial function. Also, we described the different types of DN as mitochondrial enhancer for sperm functionality and health. We believe that understanding the DN supports sperm mitochondria and epigenetic modulators that may be responsible for sperm quality and health, and will lead to more embattled and efficient therapeutics for male infertility.
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Zhang Z, Qiu Y, Li W, Tang A, Huang H, Yao W, Li H, Zou T. Astaxanthin Alleviates Foam Cell Formation and Promotes Cholesterol Efflux in Ox-LDL-Induced RAW264.7 Cells via CircTPP2/miR-3073b-5p/ABCA1 Pathway. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28041701. [PMID: 36838686 PMCID: PMC9961242 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28041701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis (AS) is a common cardiovascular disease and remains the leading cause of death in the world. It is generally believed that the deposition of foam cells in the arterial wall is the main cause of AS. Moreover, promoting cholesterol efflux and enhancing the ability of reverse cholesterol transport (RCT) can effectively inhibit the formation of foam cells, thereby preventing the occurrence and development of AS. Astaxanthin, with a powerful antioxidant ability, has a potential role in the prevention of atherosclerosis, but how it works in preventing atherosclerosis remains unknown. Here, our experimental results suggest that astaxanthin can upregulate the expression of circular RNA tripeptidyl-peptidase II (circTPP2) and eventually promote cholesterol efflux by modulating ATP-binding cassette subfamily A member 1 (ABCA1). The expression of ABCA1 was significantly suppressed after knocking down circTPP2 in macrophage-derived foam cells. In addition, the experimental results showed that circTPP2 could downregulate the expression of microRNA-3073b-5p (miR-3073b-5p), and ABCA1 was identified as the target gene of miR-3073b-5p. In conclusion, the circTPP2/miR-3073b-5p/ABCA1 axis may be the specific mechanism of astaxanthin promoting cholesterol efflux.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhexiao Zhang
- The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523710, China
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
- Huangpu District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 510700, China
| | - Yunmei Qiu
- The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523710, China
| | - Wanzhi Li
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Anyang Tang
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Hang Huang
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Wanyi Yao
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Huawen Li
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
- Correspondence: (H.L.); (T.Z.)
| | - Tangbin Zou
- The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523710, China
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
- Correspondence: (H.L.); (T.Z.)
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Guo Z, Wang M, Ying X, Yuan J, Wang C, Zhang W, Tian S, Yan X. Caloric restriction increases the resistance of aged heart to myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury via modulating AMPK-SIRT 1-PGC 1a energy metabolism pathway. Sci Rep 2023; 13:2045. [PMID: 36739302 PMCID: PMC9899227 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-27611-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A large number of data suggest that caloric restriction (CR) has a protective effect on myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury (I/R) in the elderly. However, the mechanism is still unclear. In this study, we created the I/R model in vivo by ligating the mice left coronary artery for 45 min followed by reperfusion. C57BL/6J wild-type mice were randomly divided into a young group fed ad libitum (y-AL), aged fed ad libitum (a-AL) and aged calorie restriction group (a-CR, 70% diet restriction), and fed for 6 weeks. The area of myocardial infarction was measured by Evan's blue-TTC staining, plasma cholesterol content quantified by ELISA, fatty acids and glucose measured by Langendorff working system, as well as protein expression of AMPK/SIRT1/PGC1a signaling pathway related factors in myocardial tissue detected by immunoblotting. Our results showed that CR significantly reduced infarct size in elderly mice after I/R injury, promoted glycolysis regardless of I/R injury, and restored myocardial glucose uptake in elderly mice. Compared with a-AL group, CR significantly promoted the expression of p-AMPK, SIRT1, p-PGC1a, and SOD2, but decreased PPARγ expression in aged mice. In conclusion, our results suggest that CR protects elderly mice from I/R injury by altering myocardial substrate energy metabolism via the AMPK/SIRT1/PGC1a pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijia Guo
- 1st Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China.
| | - Meng Wang
- School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Xiaodong Ying
- School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Jiyu Yuan
- School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Chenggang Wang
- Shanxi Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Wenjie Zhang
- 1st Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Shouyuan Tian
- 1st Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Xiaoyan Yan
- School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China.
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12
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The Improvement of Functional State of Brain Mitochondria with Astaxanthin in Rats after Heart Failure. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010031. [PMID: 36613474 PMCID: PMC9820232 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The relationship between neurological damage and cardiovascular disease is often observed. This type of damage is both a cause and an effect of cardiovascular disease. Mitochondria are the key organelles of the cell and are primarily subject to oxidative stress. Mitochondrial dysfunctions are involved in the etiology of various diseases. A decrease in the efficiency of the heart muscle can lead to impaired blood flow and decreased oxygen supply to the brain. Astaxanthin (AST), a marine-derived xanthophyll carotenoid, has multiple functions and its effects have been shown in both experimental and clinical studies. We investigated the effects of AST on the functional state of brain mitochondria in rats after heart failure. Isoproterenol (ISO) was used to cause heart failure. In the present study, we found that ISO impaired the functional state of rat brain mitochondria (RBM), while the administration of AST resulted in an improvement in mitochondrial efficiency. The respiratory control index (RCI) in RBM decreased with the use of ISO, while AST administration led to an increase in this parameter. Ca2+ retention capacity (CRC) decreased in RBM isolated from rat brain after ISO injection, and AST enhanced CRC in RBM after heart failure. The study of changes in the content of regulatory proteins such as adenine nucleotide translocase 1 and 2 (ANT1/2), voltage dependent anion channel (VDAC), and cyclophilin D (CyP-D) of mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) showed that ISO reduced their level, while AST restored the content of these proteins almost to the control value. In general, AST improves the functional state of mitochondria and can be considered as a prophylactic drug in various therapeutic approaches.
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13
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Ei ZZ, Benjakul S, Buamard N, Visuttijai K, Chanvorachote P. Shrimp Lipid Prevents Endoplasmic Reticulum-Mediated Endothelial Cell Damage. Foods 2022; 11:foods11193076. [PMID: 36230152 PMCID: PMC9563643 DOI: 10.3390/foods11193076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Shrimp contains a fat that benefits cardiovascular function and may help in the prevention of diseases. The stress of essential cellular organelle endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is linked to endothelial dysfunction and damage. This research aimed at investigating the effect of shrimp lipid (SL) on endothelial cells in response to ER stress, as well as the underlying mechanisms. Human endothelial cells were pretreated with SL (250 and 500 μg/mL) for 24 h, and treated with 0.16 μg/mL of Thapsigargin (Tg) for 24 h. The apoptosis and necrosis were detected by Hoechst 33342/propidium iodide (PI) co-staining. Cellular signaling pathways and ER stress markers were evaluated by Western blot analysis and immunofluorescence. SL protected against ER-induced endothelial cell apoptosis. According to the results, the viability of EA.hy926 cells treated with Tg alone was 44.97 ± 1%, but SL (250 μg/mL) pretreatment increased cell viability to 77.26 ± 3.9%, and SL (500 μg/mL) increased to 72.42 ± 4.3%. SL suppressed the increase in ER stress regulator glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78) and attenuated the RNA-dependent protein kinase-like ER eukaryotic initiation factor-2α kinase (PERK) and inositol-requiring ER-to-nucleus signaling protein 1 (IRE1) pathways. SL could inhibit cell damage by reducing the ER-related apoptosis protein, C/EBPα-homologous protein (CHOP), induced by ER stress. Taken together, we found the protective effect and mechanism of SL in protecting ER stress-induced endothelial cell apoptosis through suppression of the ER stress pathway. The findings may support the potential use of SL as an approach with a protective effect on endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zin Zin Ei
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Soottawat Benjakul
- International Center of Excellence in Seafood Science and Innovation, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla 90110, Thailand
| | - Natchaphol Buamard
- International Center of Excellence in Seafood Science and Innovation, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla 90110, Thailand
| | - Kittichate Visuttijai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Pithi Chanvorachote
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Cancer Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +66-2218-8344
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14
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Natural Astaxanthin Improves Testosterone Synthesis and Sperm Mitochondrial Function in Aging Roosters. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11091684. [PMID: 36139758 PMCID: PMC9495865 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11091684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Spermatogenesis, sperm motility, and apoptosis are dependent on the regulation of glandular hormones and mitochondria. Natural astaxanthin (ASTA) has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic properties. The present study evaluates the effects of ASTA on testosterone synthesis and mitochondrial function in aging roosters. Jinghong No. 1 layer breeder roosters (n = 96, 53-week old) were fed a corn−soybean meal basal diet containing 0, 25, 50, or 100 mg/kg ASTA for 6 weeks. The levels of plasma reproductive hormones and the mRNA and protein levels of molecules related to testosterone synthesis were significantly improved (p < 0.05) in the testes of the ASTA group roosters. In addition, antioxidant activities and free radical scavenging abilities in roosters of the ASTA groups were higher than those of the control group (p < 0.05). Mitochondrial electron transport chain complexes activities and mitochondrial membrane potential in sperm increased linearly with dietary ASTA supplementation (p < 0.05). The levels of reactive oxygen species and apoptosis factors decreased in roosters of the ASTA groups (p < 0.05). Collectively, these results suggest that dietary ASTA may improve testosterone levels and reduce sperm apoptosis, which may be related to the upregulation of the testosterone synthesis pathway and the enhancement of mitochondrial function in aging roosters.
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15
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Wang S, Qi X. The Putative Role of Astaxanthin in Neuroinflammation Modulation: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Potential. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:916653. [PMID: 35814201 PMCID: PMC9263351 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.916653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is a protective mechanism against insults from exogenous pathogens and endogenous cellular debris and is essential for reestablishing homeostasis in the brain. However, excessive prolonged neuroinflammation inevitably leads to lesions and disease. The use of natural compounds targeting pathways involved in neuroinflammation remains a promising strategy for treating different neurological and neurodegenerative diseases. Astaxanthin, a natural xanthophyll carotenoid, is a well known antioxidant. Mounting evidence has revealed that astaxanthin is neuroprotective and has therapeutic potential by inhibiting neuroinflammation, however, its functional roles and underlying mechanisms in modulating neuroinflammation have not been systematically summarized. Hence, this review summarizes recent progress in this field and provides an update on the medical value of astaxanthin. Astaxanthin modulates neuroinflammation by alleviating oxidative stress, reducing the production of neuroinflammatory factors, inhibiting peripheral inflammation and maintaining the integrity of the blood-brain barrier. Mechanistically, astaxanthin scavenges radicals, triggers the Nrf2-induced activation of the antioxidant system, and suppresses the activation of the NF-κB and mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways. With its good biosafety and high bioavailability, astaxanthin has strong potential for modulating neuroinflammation, although some outstanding issues still require further investigation.
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16
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Gu J, Wang X, Chen Y, Xu K, Yu D, Wu H. An enhanced antioxidant strategy of astaxanthin encapsulated in ROS-responsive nanoparticles for combating cisplatin-induced ototoxicity. J Nanobiotechnology 2022; 20:268. [PMID: 35689218 PMCID: PMC9185887 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-022-01485-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Excessive accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) has been documented as the crucial cellular mechanism of cisplatin-induced ototoxicity. However, numerous antioxidants have failed in clinical studies partly due to inefficient drug delivery to the cochlea. A drug delivery system is an attractive strategy to overcome this drawback. Methods and results In the present study, we proposed the combination of antioxidant astaxanthin (ATX) and ROS-responsive/consuming nanoparticles (PPS-NP) to combat cisplatin-induced ototoxicity. ATX-PPS-NP were constructed by the self-assembly of an amphiphilic hyperbranched polyphosphoester containing thioketal units, which scavenged ROS and disintegrate to release the encapsulated ATX. The ROS-sensitivity was confirmed by 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy and an H2O2 ON/OFF stimulated model. Enhanced release profiles stimulated by H2O2 were verified in artificial perilymph, the HEI-OC1 cell line and guinea pigs. In addition, ATX-PPS-NP efficiently inhibited cisplatin-induced HEI-OC1 cell cytotoxicity and apoptosis compared with ATX or PPS-NP alone, suggesting an enhanced effect of the combination of the natural active compound ATX and ROS-consuming PPS-NP. Moreover, ATX-PPS-NP attenuated outer hair cell losses in cultured organ of Corti. In guinea pigs, NiRe-PPS-NP verified a quick penetration across the round window membrane and ATX-PPS-NP showed protective effect on spiral ganglion neurons, which further attenuated cisplatin-induced moderate hearing loss. Further studies revealed that the protective mechanisms involved decreasing excessive ROS generation, reducing inflammatory chemokine (interleukin-6) release, increasing antioxidant glutathione expression and inhibiting the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway. Conclusions Thus, this ROS-responsive nanoparticle encapsulating ATX has favorable potential in the prevention of cisplatin-induced hearing loss. Graphical Abstract ![]()
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12951-022-01485-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayi Gu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Ear Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine on Ear and Nose Diseases (14DZ2260300), Shanghai, China
| | - Xueling Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Ear Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine on Ear and Nose Diseases (14DZ2260300), Shanghai, China
| | - Yuming Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Ear Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine on Ear and Nose Diseases (14DZ2260300), Shanghai, China
| | - Ke Xu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Ear Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine on Ear and Nose Diseases (14DZ2260300), Shanghai, China
| | - Dehong Yu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China. .,Ear Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China. .,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine on Ear and Nose Diseases (14DZ2260300), Shanghai, China. .,Materdicine Lab, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Hao Wu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China. .,Ear Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China. .,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine on Ear and Nose Diseases (14DZ2260300), Shanghai, China.
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17
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Snell TW, Carberry J. Astaxanthin Bioactivity Is Determined by Stereoisomer Composition and Extraction Method. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14071522. [PMID: 35406135 PMCID: PMC9002770 DOI: 10.3390/nu14071522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Astaxanthin (ASX) is a natural product and one of the most powerful antioxidants known. It has significant effects on the metabolism of many animals, increasing fecundity, egg yolk volume, growth rates, immune responses, and disease resistance. A large part of the bioactivity of ASX is due to its targeting of mitochondria, where it inserts itself into cell membranes. Here, ASX stabilizes membranes and acts as a powerful antioxidant, protecting mitochondria from damage by reactive oxygen species (ROS). ROS are ubiquitous by-products of energy metabolism that must be tightly regulated by cells, lest they bind to and inactivate proteins, DNA and RNA, lipids, and signaling molecules. Most animals cannot synthesize ASX, so they need to acquire it in their diet. ASX is easily thermally denatured during extraction, and its high hydrophobicity limits its bioavailability. Our focus in this review is to contrast the bioactivity of different ASX stereoisomers and how extraction methods can denature ASX, compromising its bioavailability and bioactivity. We discuss the commercial sources of astaxanthin, structure of stereoisomers, relative bioavailability and bioactivity of ASX stereoisomers, mechanisms of ASX bioactivity, evolution of carotenoids, and why mitochondrial targeting makes ASX such an effective antioxidant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terry W. Snell
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-404-368-8475
| | - John Carberry
- Sustainable Aquatics, 110 W. Old Andrew Johnson Highway, Jefferson City, TN 37760, USA;
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18
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Wang X, Zhang T, Chen X, Xu Y, Li Z, Yang Y, Du X, Jiang Z, Ni H. Simultaneous Inhibitory Effects of All-Trans Astaxanthin on Acetylcholinesterase and Oxidative Stress. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:md20040247. [PMID: 35447920 PMCID: PMC9032561 DOI: 10.3390/md20040247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer´s disease is a global neurodegenerative health concern. To prevent the disease, the simultaneous inhibition of acetylcholinesterase and oxidative stress is an efficient approach. In this study, the inhibition effect of all-trans astaxanthin mainly from marine organisms on acetylcholinesterase and oxidative stress was evaluated by a chemical-based method in vitro and cell assay model. The results show that all-trans astaxanthin was a reversible competitive inhibitor and exhibited a strong inhibition effect with half inhibitory concentration (IC50 value) of 8.64 μmol/L. Furthermore, all-trans astaxanthin inhibited oxidative stress through reducing malondialdehyde content and increasing the activity of superoxide dismutase as well as catalase. All-trans astaxanthin could induce the changes of the secondary structure to reduce acetylcholinesterase activity. Molecular-docking analysis reveals that all-trans astaxanthin prevented substrate from binding to acetylcholinesterase by occupying the space of the active pocket to cause the inhibition. Our finding suggests that all-trans astaxanthin might be a nutraceutical supplement for Alzheimer´s disease prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China; (X.W.); (T.Z.); (X.C.); (Y.X.); (Y.Y.); (Z.J.); (H.N.)
| | - Tao Zhang
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China; (X.W.); (T.Z.); (X.C.); (Y.X.); (Y.Y.); (Z.J.); (H.N.)
| | - Xiaochen Chen
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China; (X.W.); (T.Z.); (X.C.); (Y.X.); (Y.Y.); (Z.J.); (H.N.)
| | - Yating Xu
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China; (X.W.); (T.Z.); (X.C.); (Y.X.); (Y.Y.); (Z.J.); (H.N.)
| | - Zhipeng Li
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China; (X.W.); (T.Z.); (X.C.); (Y.X.); (Y.Y.); (Z.J.); (H.N.)
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Enzyme Engineering, Xiamen 361021, China
- Research Center of Food Biotechnology, Xiamen 361021, China
- Key Laboratory of Systemic Utilization and In-Depth Processing of Economic Seaweed, Xiamen Southern Ocean Technology Center of China, Xiamen 361021, China
- Correspondence: (Z.L.); (X.D.); Tel.: +86-13696920945 (X.D.)
| | - Yuanfan Yang
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China; (X.W.); (T.Z.); (X.C.); (Y.X.); (Y.Y.); (Z.J.); (H.N.)
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Enzyme Engineering, Xiamen 361021, China
- Research Center of Food Biotechnology, Xiamen 361021, China
- Key Laboratory of Systemic Utilization and In-Depth Processing of Economic Seaweed, Xiamen Southern Ocean Technology Center of China, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Xiping Du
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China; (X.W.); (T.Z.); (X.C.); (Y.X.); (Y.Y.); (Z.J.); (H.N.)
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Enzyme Engineering, Xiamen 361021, China
- Research Center of Food Biotechnology, Xiamen 361021, China
- Key Laboratory of Systemic Utilization and In-Depth Processing of Economic Seaweed, Xiamen Southern Ocean Technology Center of China, Xiamen 361021, China
- Correspondence: (Z.L.); (X.D.); Tel.: +86-13696920945 (X.D.)
| | - Zedong Jiang
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China; (X.W.); (T.Z.); (X.C.); (Y.X.); (Y.Y.); (Z.J.); (H.N.)
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Enzyme Engineering, Xiamen 361021, China
- Research Center of Food Biotechnology, Xiamen 361021, China
- Key Laboratory of Systemic Utilization and In-Depth Processing of Economic Seaweed, Xiamen Southern Ocean Technology Center of China, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Hui Ni
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China; (X.W.); (T.Z.); (X.C.); (Y.X.); (Y.Y.); (Z.J.); (H.N.)
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Enzyme Engineering, Xiamen 361021, China
- Research Center of Food Biotechnology, Xiamen 361021, China
- Key Laboratory of Systemic Utilization and In-Depth Processing of Economic Seaweed, Xiamen Southern Ocean Technology Center of China, Xiamen 361021, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
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19
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Diet and Male Fertility: The Impact of Nutrients and Antioxidants on Sperm Energetic Metabolism. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23052542. [PMID: 35269682 PMCID: PMC8910394 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Diet might affect male reproductive potential, but the biochemical mechanisms involved in the modulation of sperm quality remain poorly understood. While a Western diet is considered a risk factor for male infertility, the Mediterranean diet seems to protect against male infertility; moreover, the role of a vegetarian habitus in the preservation of sperm quality is controversial. The aim of this review is to analyze the molecular effects of single nutrients on sperm quality, focusing on their involvement in biochemical mechanisms related to sperm bioenergetics. It appears that diets rich in saturated fatty acids (SFA) and low in polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) negatively affect sperm quality, whereas unsaturated fatty acids supplementation ameliorates sperm quality. In fact, the administration of PUFA, especially omega-3 PUFA, determined an increase in mitochondrial energetic metabolism and a reduction in oxidative damage. Carbohydrates and proteins are also nutritional modulators of oxidative stress and testosterone levels, which are strictly linked to sperm mitochondrial function, a key element for sperm quality. Moreover, many dietary natural polyphenols differentially affect (positively or negatively) the mitochondrial function, depending on their concentration. We believe that an understanding of the biochemical mechanisms responsible for sperm quality will lead to more targeted and effective therapeutics for male infertility.
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20
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Nan B, Zhao Z, Jiang K, Gu X, Li H, Huang X. Astaxanthine attenuates cisplatin ototoxicity in vitro and protects against cisplatin-induced hearing loss in vivo. Acta Pharm Sin B 2022; 12:167-181. [PMID: 35127378 PMCID: PMC8800030 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2021.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Astaxanthine (AST) has important biological activities including antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects that could alleviate neurological and heart diseases, but its role in the prevention of cisplatin-induced hearing loss (CIHL) is not yet well understood. In our study, a steady interaction between AST and the E3 ligase adapter Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1, a predominant repressor of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2), was performed and tested via computer molecular docking and dynamics. AST protected against cisplatin-induced ototoxicity via NRF2 mediated pathway using quantitative PCR and Western blotting. The levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and mitochondrial membrane potential revealed that AST reduced ROS overexpression and mitochondrial dysfunction. Moreover, AST exerted anti-apoptosis effects in mouse cochlear explants using immunofluorescence staining and HEI-OC1 cell lines using quantitative PCR and Western blotting. Finally, AST combined with poloxamer was injected into the middle ear through the tympanum, and the protection against CIHL was evaluated using the acoustic brain stem test and immunofluorescent staining in adult mice. Our results suggest that AST reduced ROS overexpression, mitochondrial dysfunction, and apoptosis via NRF2-mediated pathway in cisplatin-exposed HEI-OC1 cell lines and mouse cochlear explants, finally promoting cell survival. Our study demonstrates that AST is a candidate therapeutic agent for CIHL.
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21
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Chelenga M, Sakaguchi K, Kawano K, Furukawa E, Yanagawa Y, Katagiri S, Nagano M. Low oxygen environment and astaxanthin supplementation promote the developmental competence of bovine oocytes derived from early antral follicles during 8 days of in vitro growth in a gas-permeable culture device. Theriogenology 2022; 177:116-126. [PMID: 34695665 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2021.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/16/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
We evaluated the effects of a constant low (5-5%) and modulated (5-20%) oxygen environments on the in vitro development of bovine oocyte-cumulus-granulosa cell complexes (OCGCs) cultured in the presence or absence of an antioxidant (astaxanthin: Ax). OCGCs were cultured in a gas permeable culture device for 8 days in 5-5% O2 (±Ax) and 5-20% O2 (±Ax) culture conditions. In the oxygen modulated culture conditions, the oxygen concentration was switched from 5% to 20% on day 4 of culture. Ax promoted the viability of OCGCs (P < 0.05), but both oxygen and Ax had a significant effect on ROS production levels by OCGCs (P < 0.05). Specifically, ROS levels were significantly lower and higher under 5-5% O2 (+Ax) and 5-20% O2 (-Ax) conditions, respectively (P < 0.05), with intermediate levels observed in the 5-5% O2 (-Ax) and the 5-20% O2 (+Ax) culture conditions. The steroidogenic pattern was characterized by increasing estradiol-17β but with constant progesterone production levels regardless of culture conditions, suggesting the inhibition of luteinization-like changes in granulosa cells. OCGCs cultured in the 5-20% O2 (+Ax) had higher nuclear maturation rates (P < 0.05) that were similar to the oocytes grown in vivo. However, there was no clear difference in the subsequent cleavage rates among the 5-5% O2 (±Ax) and the 5-20% O2 (+Ax) culture conditions (P > 0.05). A constant low oxygen environment significantly promoted the blastocyst rates (P < 0.05); however, the presence of Ax in the 5-20% O2 (+Ax) condition also promoted development similar to the OCGCs cultured in the 5-5% O2 (-Ax) condition (P > 0.05). In conclusion, exposure of OCGCs to constant low oxygen or oxygen modulation in the presence of Ax promotes the healthy development of OCGCs during the 8-day IVG culture using the gas permeable culture device.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madalitso Chelenga
- Laboratory of Theriogenology, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0818, Japan; Department of Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Lilongwe University of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Malawi
| | - Kenichiro Sakaguchi
- Laboratory of Theriogenology, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0818, Japan
| | - Kohei Kawano
- Laboratory of Theriogenology, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0818, Japan
| | - Eri Furukawa
- Laboratory of Theriogenology, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0818, Japan
| | - Yojiro Yanagawa
- Laboratory of Theriogenology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0818, Japan
| | - Seiji Katagiri
- Laboratory of Theriogenology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0818, Japan
| | - Masashi Nagano
- Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Department of Animal Science, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, 35-1 Higashi-23, Towada, 034-8628, Japan.
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22
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Yaqoob Z, Arshad MS, Imran M, Munir H, Qaisrani TB, Khalid W, Asghar Z, Suleria HAR. Mechanistic role of astaxanthin derived from shrimp against certain metabolic disorders. Food Sci Nutr 2022; 10:12-20. [PMID: 35035906 PMCID: PMC8751436 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.2623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress caused by the imbalance between production of oxidants and antioxidants in the body leads to the development of different ailments. The bioactive compounds derived from marine sources are considered to be safe and appropriate to use. Astaxanthin possesses antioxidant activity about 100-500 times higher than other antioxidants such as α-tocopherol and β-carotene. It has numerous health benefits and vital pharmacological properties for the treatment of diseases like diabetes, hypertension, cancer, heart disease, ischemia, neurological disorders, and potential role in liver enzyme gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase which has significance in medicine as a diagnostic marker. The primary source of astaxanthin among crustaceans is shrimps and the presence of astaxanthin protects shrimps from oxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids and cholesterol. Conclusively, astaxanthin derived from shrimps is very effective against oxidative stress which can lead to certain ailments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zubda Yaqoob
- Department of Food ScienceFaculty of Life SciencesGovernment College UniversityFaisalabadPakistan
| | - Muhammad Sajid Arshad
- Department of Food ScienceFaculty of Life SciencesGovernment College UniversityFaisalabadPakistan
| | - Muhammad Imran
- Department of Diet and Nutritional SciencesUniversity of LahoreLahorePakistan
| | - Haroon Munir
- Department of Food ScienceFaculty of Life SciencesGovernment College UniversityFaisalabadPakistan
| | - Tahira Batool Qaisrani
- Department of Agricultural Engineering and TechnologyGhazi UniversityDera Ghazi KhanPakistan
| | - Waseem Khalid
- Department of Food ScienceFaculty of Life SciencesGovernment College UniversityFaisalabadPakistan
| | - Zubia Asghar
- Department of Food ScienceFaculty of Life SciencesGovernment College UniversityFaisalabadPakistan
| | - Hafiz Ansar Rasul Suleria
- School of Agriculture and FoodFaculty of Veterinary and Agricultural SciencesThe University of MelbourneParkvilleVictoriaAustralia
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Nishida Y, Nawaz A, Hecht K, Tobe K. Astaxanthin as a Novel Mitochondrial Regulator: A New Aspect of Carotenoids, beyond Antioxidants. Nutrients 2021; 14:nu14010107. [PMID: 35010981 PMCID: PMC8746862 DOI: 10.3390/nu14010107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Astaxanthin is a member of the carotenoid family that is found abundantly in marine organisms, and has been gaining attention in recent years due to its varied biological/physiological activities. It has been reported that astaxanthin functions both as a pigment, and as an antioxidant with superior free radical quenching capacity. We recently reported that astaxanthin modulated mitochondrial functions by a novel mechanism independent of its antioxidant function. In this paper, we review astaxanthin’s well-known antioxidant activity, and expand on astaxanthin’s lesser-known molecular targets, and its role in mitochondrial energy metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Nishida
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
- Fuji Chemical Industries, Co., Ltd., 55 Yokohoonji, Kamiich-machi, Nakaniikawa-gun, Toyama 930-0405, Japan
- Correspondence: (Y.N.); (A.N.); (K.T.)
| | - Allah Nawaz
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
- Correspondence: (Y.N.); (A.N.); (K.T.)
| | - Karen Hecht
- AstaReal, Inc., 3 Terri Lane, Unit 12, Burlington, NJ 08016, USA;
| | - Kazuyuki Tobe
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
- Correspondence: (Y.N.); (A.N.); (K.T.)
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Flores-Cotera LB, Chávez-Cabrera C, Martínez-Cárdenas A, Sánchez S, García-Flores OU. Deciphering the mechanism by which the yeast Phaffia rhodozyma responds adaptively to environmental, nutritional, and genetic cues. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 48:kuab048. [PMID: 34302341 PMCID: PMC8788774 DOI: 10.1093/jimb/kuab048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Phaffia rhodozyma is a basidiomycetous yeast that synthesizes astaxanthin (ASX), which is a powerful and highly valuable antioxidant carotenoid pigment. P. rhodozyma cells accrue ASX and gain an intense red-pink coloration when faced with stressful conditions such as nutrient limitations (e.g., nitrogen or copper), the presence of toxic substances (e.g., antimycin A), or are affected by mutations in the genes that are involved in nitrogen metabolism or respiration. Since cellular accrual of ASX occurs under a wide variety of conditions, this yeast represents a valuable model for studying the growth conditions that entail oxidative stress for yeast cells. Recently, we proposed that ASX synthesis can be largely induced by conditions that lead to reduction-oxidation (redox) imbalances, particularly the state of the NADH/NAD+ couple together with an oxidative environment. In this work, we review the multiple known conditions that elicit ASX synthesis expanding on the data that we formerly examined. When considered alongside the Mitchell's chemiosmotic hypothesis, the study served to rationalize the induction of ASX synthesis and other adaptive cellular processes under a much broader set of conditions. Our aim was to propose an underlying mechanism that explains how a broad range of divergent conditions converge to induce ASX synthesis in P. rhodozyma. The mechanism that links the induction of ASX synthesis with the occurrence of NADH/NAD+ imbalances may help in understanding how other organisms detect any of a broad array of stimuli or gene mutations, and then adaptively respond to activate numerous compensatory cellular processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis B Flores-Cotera
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Cinvestav-IPN, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, Col. San Pedro Zacatenco, México city 07360, México
| | - Cipriano Chávez-Cabrera
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Cinvestav-IPN, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, Col. San Pedro Zacatenco, México city 07360, México
| | - Anahi Martínez-Cárdenas
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Cinvestav-IPN, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, Col. San Pedro Zacatenco, México city 07360, México
| | - Sergio Sánchez
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México city 04510, México
| | - Oscar Ulises García-Flores
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Cinvestav-IPN, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, Col. San Pedro Zacatenco, México city 07360, México
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25
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McCarty MF, DiNicolantonio JJ. Maintaining Effective Beta Cell Function in the Face of Metabolic Syndrome-Associated Glucolipotoxicity-Nutraceutical Options. Healthcare (Basel) 2021; 10:3. [PMID: 35052168 PMCID: PMC8775473 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10010003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In people with metabolic syndrome, episodic exposure of pancreatic beta cells to elevated levels of both glucose and free fatty acids (FFAs)-or glucolipotoxicity-can induce a loss of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS). This in turn can lead to a chronic state of glucolipotoxicity and a sustained loss of GSIS, ushering in type 2 diabetes. Loss of GSIS reflects a decline in beta cell glucokinase (GK) expression associated with decreased nuclear levels of the pancreatic and duodenal homeobox 1 (PDX1) factor that drives its transcription, along with that of Glut2 and insulin. Glucolipotoxicity-induced production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), stemming from both mitochondria and the NOX2 isoform of NADPH oxidase, drives an increase in c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) activity that promotes nuclear export of PDX1, and impairs autocrine insulin signaling; the latter effect decreases PDX1 expression at the transcriptional level and up-regulates beta cell apoptosis. Conversely, the incretin hormone glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) promotes nuclear import of PDX1 via cAMP signaling. Nutraceuticals that quell an increase in beta cell ROS production, that amplify or mimic autocrine insulin signaling, or that boost GLP-1 production, should help to maintain GSIS and suppress beta cell apoptosis in the face of glucolipotoxicity, postponing or preventing onset of type 2 diabetes. Nutraceuticals with potential in this regard include the following: phycocyanobilin-an inhibitor of NOX2; agents promoting mitophagy and mitochondrial biogenesis, such as ferulic acid, lipoic acid, melatonin, berberine, and astaxanthin; myo-inositol and high-dose biotin, which promote phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt activation; and prebiotics/probiotics capable of boosting GLP-1 secretion. Complex supplements or functional foods providing a selection of these agents might be useful for diabetes prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - James J. DiNicolantonio
- Department of Preventive Cardiology, Saint Luke’s Mid America Heart Institute, Kansas City, MO 64111, USA
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Transcriptome and functional responses to absence of astaxanthin in Atlantic salmon fed low marine diets. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY D-GENOMICS & PROTEOMICS 2021; 39:100841. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2021.100841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Astaxanthin-s-allyl cysteine diester against high glucose-induced neuronal toxicity in vitro and diabetes-associated cognitive decline in vivo: Effect on p53, oxidative stress and mitochondrial function. Neurotoxicology 2021; 86:114-124. [PMID: 34339762 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2021.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Neuroprotective effect of astaxanthin-s-allyl cysteine diester (AST-SAC) against high glucose (HG)-induced oxidative stress in in vitro and cognitive decline under diabetes conditions in in vivo has been explored. Pretreatment of AST-SAC (5, 10 and 15 μM) dose-dependently preserved the neuronal cells (SH-SY5Y) viability against HG toxicity through i) decreasing oxidative stress (decreasing reactive oxygen species generation and increasing endogenous antioxidants level); ii) protecting mitochondrial function [oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) complexes activity and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP)]; and iii) decreasing p53 level thereby subsequently decreasing the level of apoptotic marker proteins. Male Spraque-Dawley rats were orally administered AST-SAC (1 mg/kg/day) for 45 days in streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus (DM) rats. AST-SAC administration prevented the loss of spatial memory in DM rats as determined using the novel object location test. AST-SAC administration alleviated the DM-induced injury in brain such as increased cholinesterases activity, elevated oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction. Altogether, the results from the present study demonstrated that AST-SAC averted the neuronal apoptosis and preserved the cognitive function against HG toxicity under DM conditions.
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Mitochondrion as a Target of Astaxanthin Therapy in Heart Failure. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22157964. [PMID: 34360729 PMCID: PMC8347622 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22157964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are considered to be important organelles in the cell and play a key role in the physiological function of the heart, as well as in the pathogenesis and development of various heart diseases. Under certain pathological conditions, such as cardiovascular diseases, stroke, traumatic brain injury, neurodegenerative diseases, muscular dystrophy, etc., mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) is formed and opened, which can lead to dysfunction of mitochondria and subsequently to cell death. This review summarizes the results of studies carried out by our group of the effect of astaxanthin (AST) on the functional state of rat heart mitochondria upon direct addition of AST to isolated mitochondria and upon chronic administration of AST under conditions of mPTP opening. It was shown that AST exerted a protective effect under all conditions. In addition, AST treatment was found to prevent isoproterenol-induced oxidative damage to mitochondria and increase mitochondrial efficiency. AST, a ketocarotenoid, may be a potential mitochondrial target in therapy for pathological conditions associated with oxidative damage and mitochondrial dysfunction, and may be a potential mitochondrial target in therapy for pathological conditions.
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Beneficial effects and health benefits of Astaxanthin molecules on animal production: A review. Res Vet Sci 2021; 138:69-78. [PMID: 34111716 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2021.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Astaxanthin (AST) is a red pigment of carotenoid and is considered a high-quality keto-carotenoid pigment with food, livestock, cosmetic, therapeutic and nutraceutical proposes. Astaxanthin exists naturally in fish, crustacean, algae, and birds that naturally exists, principally as fatty acid esters. Many investigations have exhibited the beneficial impacts of astaxanthin when utilized as a pharmaceutical agent in animal nutrition. Astaxanthin has a variety of considerable biological actions, such as being antihypertensive, an antioxidant, anti-obesity properties, and anti-carcinogenic. Astaxanthin has recently acquired popularity as a powerful immunomodulator to maintain the health status and well-being of both animals and humans. The use of astaxanthin is broadly utilized in medical sciences and the nutrition pf aquatic species; however, it presently has limited applications in broader animal nutrition. Understanding astaxanthin's structure, source, and mode of action in the body provides a conceptual base for its clinical application and could enhance the screening of compounds associated with the treatment of many diseases. This review article aims to clarify the important aspects of astaxanthin such as its synthesis, bioavailability, and therapeutics actions, with special interest in practical applications. Awareness of this benefits and production is expected to aid the livestock industry to develop nutritional strategies that ensure the protection of animal health.
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Molecular Mechanisms of Astaxanthin as a Potential Neurotherapeutic Agent. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:md19040201. [PMID: 33916730 PMCID: PMC8065559 DOI: 10.3390/md19040201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurological disorders are diseases of the central and peripheral nervous system that affect millions of people, and the numbers are rising gradually. In the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases, the roles of many signaling pathways were elucidated; however, the exact pathophysiology of neurological disorders and possible effective therapeutics have not yet been precisely identified. This necessitates developing multi-target treatments, which would simultaneously modulate neuroinflammation, apoptosis, and oxidative stress. The present review aims to explore the potential therapeutic use of astaxanthin (ASX) in neurological and neuroinflammatory diseases. ASX, a member of the xanthophyll group, was found to be a promising therapeutic anti-inflammatory agent for many neurological disorders, including cerebral ischemia, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, autism, and neuropathic pain. An effective drug delivery system of ASX should be developed and further tested by appropriate clinical trials.
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31
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McCarty MF, DiNicolantonio JJ, Lerner A. A Fundamental Role for Oxidants and Intracellular Calcium Signals in Alzheimer's Pathogenesis-And How a Comprehensive Antioxidant Strategy May Aid Prevention of This Disorder. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:2140. [PMID: 33669995 PMCID: PMC7926325 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22042140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress and increased cytoplasmic calcium are key mediators of the detrimental effects on neuronal function and survival in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Pathways whereby these perturbations arise, and then prevent dendritic spine formation, promote tau hyperphosphorylation, further amplify amyloid β generation, and induce neuronal apoptosis, are described. A comprehensive program of nutraceutical supplementation, comprised of the NADPH oxidase inhibitor phycocyanobilin, phase two inducers, the mitochondrial antioxidant astaxanthin, and the glutathione precursor N-acetylcysteine, may have important potential for antagonizing the toxic effects of amyloid β on neurons and thereby aiding prevention of AD. Moreover, nutraceutical antioxidant strategies may oppose the adverse impact of amyloid β oligomers on astrocyte clearance of glutamate, and on the ability of brain capillaries to export amyloid β monomers/oligomers from the brain. Antioxidants, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), and vitamin D, have potential for suppressing microglial production of interleukin-1β, which potentiates the neurotoxicity of amyloid β. Epidemiology suggests that a health-promoting lifestyle, incorporating a prudent diet, regular vigorous exercise, and other feasible measures, can cut the high risk for AD among the elderly by up to 60%. Conceivably, complementing such lifestyle measures with long-term adherence to the sort of nutraceutical regimen outlined here may drive down risk for AD even further.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Aaron Lerner
- Chaim Sheba Medical Center, The Zabludowicz Research Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Tel Hashomer 5262000, Israel
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Antioxidants and Therapeutic Targets in Ovarian Clear Cell Carcinoma. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10020187. [PMID: 33525614 PMCID: PMC7911626 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10020187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian clear cell carcinomas (OCCCs) are resistant to conventional anti-cancer drugs; moreover, the prognoses of advanced or recurrent patients are extremely poor. OCCCs often arise from endometriosis associated with strong oxidative stress. Of note, the stress involved in OCCCs can be divided into the following two categories: (a) carcinogenesis from endometriosis to OCCC and (b) factors related to treatment after carcinogenesis. Antioxidants can reduce the risk of OCCC formation by quenching reactive oxygen species (ROS); however, the oxidant stress-tolerant properties assist in the survival of OCCC cells when the malignant transformation has already occurred. Moreover, the acquisition of oxidative stress resistance is also involved in the cancer stemness of OCCC. This review summarizes the recent advances in the process and prevention of carcinogenesis, the characteristic nature of tumors, and the treatment of post-refractory OCCCs, which are highly linked to oxidative stress. Although therapeutic approaches should still be improved against OCCCs, multi-combinatorial treatments including nucleic acid-based drugs directed to the transcriptional profile of each OCCC are expected to improve the outcomes of patients.
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Sun L, Miyaji N, Yang M, Mills EM, Taniyama S, Uchida T, Nikawa T, Li J, Shi J, Tachibana K, Hirasaka K. Astaxanthin Prevents Atrophy in Slow Muscle Fibers by Inhibiting Mitochondrial Reactive Oxygen Species via a Mitochondria-Mediated Apoptosis Pathway. Nutrients 2021; 13:379. [PMID: 33530505 PMCID: PMC7912339 DOI: 10.3390/nu13020379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Astaxanthin (AX) is a carotenoid that exerts potent antioxidant activity and acts in the lipid bilayer. This study aimed to investigate the effects of AX on muscle-atrophy-mediated disturbance of mitochondria, which have a lipid bilayer. Tail suspension was used to establish a muscle-atrophied mouse model. AX diet fed to tail-suspension mice prevented loss of muscle weight, inhibited the decrease of myofiber size, and restrained the increase of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) production in the soleus muscle. Additionally, AX improved downregulation of mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes I and III in the soleus muscle after tail suspension. Meanwhile, AX promoted mitochondrial biogenesis by upregulating the expressions of adenosine 5'-monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) α-1, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-γ, and creatine kinase in mitochondrial (Ckmt) 2 in the soleus muscle of tail-suspension mice. To confirm the AX phenotype in the soleus muscle, we examined its effects on mitochondria using Sol8 myotubes derived from the soleus muscle. We found that AX was preferentially detected in the mitochondrial fraction; it significantly suppressed mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in Sol8 myotubes. Moreover, AX inhibited the activation of caspase 3 via inhibiting the release of cytochrome c into the cytosol in antimycin A-treated Sol8 myotubes. These results suggested that AX protected the functional stability of mitochondria, alleviated mitochondrial oxidative stress and mitochondria-mediated apoptosis, and thus, prevented muscle atrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luchuanyang Sun
- Graduate School of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 8528521, Japan; (L.S.); (M.Y.); (S.T.); (K.T.)
| | | | - Min Yang
- Graduate School of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 8528521, Japan; (L.S.); (M.Y.); (S.T.); (K.T.)
| | - Edward M. Mills
- Division of Pharmacology/Toxicology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA;
| | - Shigeto Taniyama
- Graduate School of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 8528521, Japan; (L.S.); (M.Y.); (S.T.); (K.T.)
| | - Takayuki Uchida
- Department of Nutritional Physiology, Institute of Medical Nutrition, Tokushima University Medical School, Tokushima 7708503, Japan; (T.U.); (T.N.)
| | - Takeshi Nikawa
- Department of Nutritional Physiology, Institute of Medical Nutrition, Tokushima University Medical School, Tokushima 7708503, Japan; (T.U.); (T.N.)
| | - Jifeng Li
- Weihai Lida Biological Technology Co., Ltd., Weihai 264200, China; (J.L.); (J.S.)
| | - Jie Shi
- Weihai Lida Biological Technology Co., Ltd., Weihai 264200, China; (J.L.); (J.S.)
| | - Katsuyasu Tachibana
- Graduate School of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 8528521, Japan; (L.S.); (M.Y.); (S.T.); (K.T.)
| | - Katsuya Hirasaka
- Graduate School of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 8528521, Japan; (L.S.); (M.Y.); (S.T.); (K.T.)
- Organization for Marine Science and Technology, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 8528521, Japan
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34
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Miao LL, Chi S, Hou TT, Liu ZP, Li Y. The damage and tolerance mechanisms of Phaffia rhodozyma mutant strain MK19 grown at 28 °C. Microb Cell Fact 2021; 20:5. [PMID: 33413415 PMCID: PMC7791638 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-020-01479-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Phaffia rhodozyma has many desirable properties for astaxanthin production, including rapid heterotrophic metabolism and high cell densities in fermenter culture. The low optimal temperature range (17–21 °C) for cell growth and astaxanthin synthesis in this species presents an obstacle to efficient industrial-scale astaxanthin production. The inhibition mechanism of cell growth at > 21 °C in P. rhodozyma have not been investigated. Results MK19, a mutant P. rhodozyma strain grows well at moderate temperatures, its cell growth was also inhibited at 28 °C, but such inhibition was mitigated, and low biomass 6 g/L was obtained after 100 h culture. Transcriptome analysis indicated that low biomass at 28 °C resulted from strong suppression of DNA and RNA synthesis in MK19. Growth inhibition at 28 °C was due to cell membrane damage with a characteristic of low mRNA content of fatty acid (f.a.) pathway transcripts (acc, fas1, fas2), and consequent low f.a. content. Thinning of cell wall and low mannose content (leading to loss of cell wall integrity) also contributed to reduced cell growth at 28 °C in MK19. Levels of astaxanthin and ergosterol, two end-products of isoprenoid biosynthesis (a shunt pathway of f.a. biosynthesis), reached 2000 µg/g and 7500 µg/g respectively; ~2-fold higher than levels at 21 or 25 °C. Abundance of ergosterol, an important cell membrane component, compensated for lack of f.a., making possible the biomass production of 6 g/L for MK19 at 28 °C. Conclusions Inhibition of growth of P. rhodozyma at 28 °C results from blocking of DNA, RNA, f.a., and cell wall biosynthesis. In MK19, abundant ergosterol made possible biomass production 6 g/L at 28 °C. Significant accumulation of astaxanthin and ergosterol indicated an active MVA pathway in MK19 at 28 °C. Strengthening of the MVA pathway can be a feasible metabolic engineering approach for enhancement of astaxanthin synthesis in P. rhodozyma. The present findings provide useful mechanistic insights regarding adaptation of P. rhodozyma to 28 °C, and improved understanding of feasible metabolic engineering techniques for industrial scale astaxanthin production by this economically important yeast species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Li Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, People's Republic of China.
| | - Shuang Chi
- State Key Laboratories for Agro-biotechnology and College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting-Ting Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Pei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Li
- State Key Laboratories for Agro-biotechnology and College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
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Liu N, Zeng L, Zhang YM, Pan W, Lai H. Astaxanthin alleviates pathological brain aging through the upregulation of hippocampal synaptic proteins. Neural Regen Res 2021; 16:1062-1067. [PMID: 33269751 PMCID: PMC8224122 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.300460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is currently considered to be the main cause of brain aging. Astaxanthin can improve oxidative stress under multiple pathological conditions. It is therefore hypothesized that astaxanthin might have therapeutic effects on brain aging. To validate this hypothesis and investigate the underlying mechanisms, a mouse model of brain aging was established by injecting amyloid beta (Aβ)25–35 (5 μM, 3 μL/injection, six injections given every other day) into the right lateral ventricle. After 3 days of Aβ25–35 injections, the mouse models were intragastrically administered astaxanthin (0.1 mL/d, 10 mg/kg) for 30 successive days. Astaxanthin greatly reduced the latency to find the platform in the Morris water maze, increased the number of crossings of the target platform, and increased the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor, synaptophysin, sirtuin 1, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator 1α. Intraperitoneal injection of the sirtuin 1 inhibitor nicotinamide (500 μM/d) for 7 successive days after astaxanthin intervention inhibited these phenomena. These findings suggest that astaxanthin can regulate the expression of synaptic proteins in mouse hippocampus through the sirtuin 1/peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator 1α signaling pathway, which leads to improvements in the learning, cognitive, and memory abilities of mice. The study was approved by the Animal Ethics Committee, China Medical University, China (approval No. CMU2019294) on January 15, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Liu
- 1Department of Human Anatomy, College of Basic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang; Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Liang Zeng
- Department of Human Anatomy, College of Basic Medicine, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Yi-Ming Zhang
- Department of Human Anatomy, College of Basic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Wang Pan
- Department of Neurobiology of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Hong Lai
- Department of Human Anatomy, College of Basic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
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36
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Amano T, Chano T. Linking oxidative stress and ovarian cancers. Cancer 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-819547-5.00008-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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37
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McCarty MF, Lerner A. Nutraceutical induction and mimicry of heme oxygenase activity as a strategy for controlling excitotoxicity in brain trauma and ischemic stroke: focus on oxidative stress. Expert Rev Neurother 2020; 21:157-168. [PMID: 33287596 DOI: 10.1080/14737175.2021.1861940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Ischemic stroke and traumatic brain injury are leading causes of acute mortality, and in the longer run, major causes of significant mental and physical impairment. Most of the brain neuronal cell death in the minutes and hours following an ischemic stroke or brain trauma is mediated by the process of excitotoxicity, in which sustained elevations of extracellular glutamate, reflecting a failure of ATP-dependent mechanism which sequester glutamate in neurons and astrocytes, drive excessive activation of NMDA receptors. Areas covered: A literature search was undertaken to clarify the molecular mechanisms whereby excessive NMDA activation leads to excitotoxic neuronal death, and to determine what safe nutraceutical agents might have practical potential for rescuing at-risk neurons by intervening in these mechanisms. Expert opinion: Activation of both NADPH oxidase and neuronal nitric oxide synthase in the microenvironment of activated NMDA receptors drives production of superoxide and highly toxic peroxynitrite. This leads to excessive activation of PARP and p38 MAP kinase, mitochondrial dysfunction, and subsequent neuronal death. Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) induction offers protection via inhibition of NADPH oxidase and promotion of cGMP generation. Phase 2-inductive nutraceuticals can induce HO-1, and other nutraceuticals can mimic the effects of its products biliverdin and carbon monoxide.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aaron Lerner
- Technion Israel Institute of Technology Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine- Research, Haifa, Israel (Retired)
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Chao CT, Yeh HY, Tsai YT, Yuan TH, Liao MT, Huang JW, Chen HW. Astaxanthin Counteracts Vascular Calcification In Vitro Through an Early Up-Regulation of SOD2 Based on a Transcriptomic Approach. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21228530. [PMID: 33198315 PMCID: PMC7698184 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21228530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular calcification (VC) is a critical contributor to the rising cardiovascular risk among at-risk populations such as those with diabetes or renal failure. The pathogenesis of VC involves an uprising of oxidative stress, for which antioxidants can be theoretically effective. However, astaxanthin, a potent antioxidant, has not been tested before for the purpose of managing VC. To answer this question, we tested the efficacy of astaxanthin against VC using the high phosphate (HP)-induced vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) calcification model. RNAs from treated groups underwent Affymetrix microarray screening, with intra-group consistency and inter-group differential expressions identified. Candidate hub genes were selected, followed by validation in experimental models and functional characterization. We showed that HP induced progressive calcification among treated VSMCs, while astaxanthin dose-responsively and time-dependently ameliorated calcification severities. Transcriptomic profiling revealed that 3491 genes exhibited significant early changes during VC progression, among which 26 potential hub genes were selected based on closeness ranking and biologic plausibility. SOD2 was validated in the VSMC model, shown to drive the deactivation of cellular senescence and enhance antioxidative defenses. Astaxanthin did not alter intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels without HP, but significantly lowered ROS production in HP-treated VSMCs. SOD2 knockdown prominently abolished the anti-calcification effect of astaxanthin on HP-treated VSMCs, lending support to our findings. In conclusion, we demonstrated for the first time that astaxanthin could be a potential candidate treatment for VC, through inducing the up-regulation of SOD2 early during calcification progression and potentially suppressing vascular senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Ter Chao
- Nephrology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital BeiHu Branch, Taipei 10845, Taiwan; (C.-T.C.); (Y.-T.T.)
- Geriatric and Community Medicine Research Center, National Taiwan University Hospital BeiHu Branch, Taipei 10845, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Toxicology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 100233, Taiwan;
| | - Hsiang-Yuan Yeh
- School of Big Data Management, Soochow University, Taipei 11102, Taiwan;
| | - You-Tien Tsai
- Nephrology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital BeiHu Branch, Taipei 10845, Taiwan; (C.-T.C.); (Y.-T.T.)
| | - Tzu-Hang Yuan
- Genome and Systems Biology Degree Program, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan;
| | - Min-Tser Liao
- Department of Pediatrics, Armed Force Taoyuan General Hospital, Taoyuan County 32551, Taiwan;
| | - Jenq-Wen Huang
- Nephrology division, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital YunLin Branch, YunLin County 640203, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-5-5323911 (ext. 5675)
| | - Huei-Wen Chen
- Graduate Institute of Toxicology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 100233, Taiwan;
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Krestinin R, Baburina Y, Odinokova I, Kruglov A, Fadeeva I, Zvyagina A, Sotnikova L, Krestinina O. Isoproterenol-Induced Permeability Transition Pore-Related Dysfunction of Heart Mitochondria Is Attenuated by Astaxanthin. Biomedicines 2020; 8:biomedicines8100437. [PMID: 33092172 PMCID: PMC7589423 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8100437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are key organelles of the cell because their main function is the capture of energy-rich substrates from the cytoplasm and oxidative cleavage with the generation of carbon dioxide and water, processes that are coupled with the synthesis of ATP. Mitochondria are subject to oxidative stress through the formation of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP). Various antioxidants are used to reduce damage caused by oxidative stress and to improve the protection of the antioxidant system. Astaxanthin (AST) is considered to be a dietary antioxidant, which is able to reduce oxidative stress and enhance the antioxidant defense system. In the present investigation, the effect of AST on the functional state of rat heart mitochondria impaired by isoproterenol (ISO) under mPTP functioning was examined. It was found that AST raised mitochondrial respiration, the Ca2+ retention capacity (CRC), and the rate of TPP+ influx in rat heart mitochondria (RHM) isolated from ISO-injected rats. However, the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production increased. In addition, the concentrations of cardiolipin (CL), Mn-SOD2, and the proteins regulating mPTP rose after the injection of ISO in RHM pretreated with AST. Based on the data obtained, we suggest that AST has a protective effect in rat heart mitochondria.
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Novel Insights into the Biotechnological Production of Haematococcus pluvialis-Derived Astaxanthin: Advances and Key Challenges to Allow Its Industrial Use as Novel Food Ingredient. JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/jmse8100789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Astaxanthin shows many biological activities. It has acquired a high economic potential and its current market is dominated by its synthetic form. However, due to the increase of the health and environmental concerns from consumers, natural forms are now preferred for human consumption. Haematococcus pluvialis is artificially cultured at an industrial scale to produce astaxanthin used as a dietary supplement. However, due to the high cost of its cultivation and its relatively low biomass and pigment productivities, the astaxanthin extracted from this microalga remains expensive and this has probably the consequence of slowing down its economic development in the lower added-value market such as food ingredient. In this review, we first aim to provide an overview of the chemical and biochemical properties of astaxanthin, as well as of its natural sources. We discuss its bioavailability, metabolism, and biological activities. We present a state-of-the-art of the biology and physiology of H. pluvialis, and highlight novel insights into the biotechnological processes which allow optimizing the biomass and astaxanthin productivities. We are trying to identify some lines of research that would improve the industrial sustainability and economic viability of this bio-production and to broaden the commercial potential of astaxanthin produced from H. pluvialis.
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Huang Y, Ma J, Meng Y, Wei Y, Xie S, Jiang P, Wang Z, Chen X, Liu Z, Zhong K, Cao Z, Liao X, Xiao J, Lu H. Exposure to Oxadiazon-Butachlor causes cardiac toxicity in zebrafish embryos. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 265:114775. [PMID: 32504889 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Oxadiazon-Butachlor (OB) is a widely used herbicide for controlling most annual weeds in rice fields. However, its potential toxicity in aquatic organisms has not been evaluated so far. We used the zebrafish embryo model to assess the toxicity of OB, and found that it affected early cardiac development and caused extensive cardiac damage. Mechanistically, OB significantly increased oxidative stress in the embryos by inhibiting antioxidant enzymes that resulted in excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), eventually leading to cardiomyocyte apoptosis. In addition, OB also inhibited the WNT signaling pathway and downregulated its target genes includinglef1, axin2 and β-catenin. Reactivation of this pathway by the Wnt activator BML-284 and the antioxidant astaxanthin rescued the embryos form the cardiotoxic effects of OB, indicating that oxidative stress, and inhibition of WNT target genes are the mechanistic basis of OB-induced damage in zebrafish. Our study shows that OB exposure causes cardiotoxicity in zebrafish embryos and may be potentially toxic to other aquatic life and even humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Huang
- Center for Drug Screening and Research, School of Geography and Environmental Engineering, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, 341000, Jiangxi, China; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, 341000, Jiangxi, China
| | - Jinze Ma
- Center for Drug Screening and Research, School of Geography and Environmental Engineering, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, 341000, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yunlong Meng
- Center for Drug Screening and Research, School of Geography and Environmental Engineering, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, 341000, Jiangxi, China; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, 341000, Jiangxi, China
| | - You Wei
- Center for Drug Screening and Research, School of Geography and Environmental Engineering, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, 341000, Jiangxi, China; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, 341000, Jiangxi, China
| | - Shuling Xie
- Center for Drug Screening and Research, School of Geography and Environmental Engineering, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, 341000, Jiangxi, China
| | - Ping Jiang
- Center for Drug Screening and Research, School of Geography and Environmental Engineering, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, 341000, Jiangxi, China
| | - Ziqin Wang
- Center for Drug Screening and Research, School of Geography and Environmental Engineering, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, 341000, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xiaobei Chen
- Center for Drug Screening and Research, School of Geography and Environmental Engineering, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, 341000, Jiangxi, China
| | - Zehui Liu
- Center for Drug Screening and Research, School of Geography and Environmental Engineering, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, 341000, Jiangxi, China
| | - Keyuan Zhong
- Center for Drug Screening and Research, School of Geography and Environmental Engineering, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, 341000, Jiangxi, China
| | - Zigang Cao
- Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory of Zebrafish Modeling and Drug Screening for Human Diseases, Ji'an, Jiangxi, China; Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Organs, Ji'an, 343009, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xinjun Liao
- Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory of Zebrafish Modeling and Drug Screening for Human Diseases, Ji'an, Jiangxi, China; Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Organs, Ji'an, 343009, Jiangxi, China
| | - Juhua Xiao
- Department of Ultrasound, Jiangxi Provincial Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Huiqiang Lu
- Center for Drug Screening and Research, School of Geography and Environmental Engineering, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, 341000, Jiangxi, China; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, 341000, Jiangxi, China; Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory of Zebrafish Modeling and Drug Screening for Human Diseases, Ji'an, Jiangxi, China; Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Organs, Ji'an, 343009, Jiangxi, China.
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42
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Choo WT, Teoh ML, Phang SM, Convey P, Yap WH, Goh BH, Beardall J. Microalgae as Potential Anti-Inflammatory Natural Product Against Human Inflammatory Skin Diseases. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:1086. [PMID: 32848730 PMCID: PMC7411303 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.01086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The skin is the first line of defense against pathogen and other environmental pollutant. The body is constantly exposed to reactive oxygen species (ROS) that stimulates inflammatory process in the skin. Many studies have linked ROS to various inflammatory skin diseases. Patients with skin diseases face various challenges with inefficient and inappropriate treatment in managing skin diseases. Overproduction of ROS in the body will result in oxidative stress which will lead to various cellular damage and alter normal cell function. Multiple signaling pathways are seen to have significant effects during ROS-mediated oxidative stress. In this review, microalgae have been selected as a source of natural-derived antioxidant to combat inflammatory skin diseases that are prominent in today’s society. Several studies have demonstrated that bioactive compounds isolated from microalgae have anti-inflammation and anti-oxidative properties that can help remedy various skin diseases. These compounds are able to inhibit production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and reduce the expression of inflammatory genes. Bioactive compounds from microalgae work in action by altering enzyme activities, regulating cellular activities, targeting major signaling pathways related to inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wu-Thong Choo
- School of Biosciences, Taylor's University, Lakeside Campus, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
| | - Ming-Li Teoh
- School of Biosciences, Taylor's University, Lakeside Campus, Subang Jaya, Malaysia.,Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,National Antarctic Research Centre, Institute of Graduate Studies, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Siew-Moi Phang
- Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,Faculty of Applied Sciences, UCSI University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Peter Convey
- British Antarctic Survey, NERC, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Wei-Hsum Yap
- School of Biosciences, Taylor's University, Lakeside Campus, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
| | - Bey-Hing Goh
- Biofunctional Molecule Exploratory Research Group (BMEX), School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia.,College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - John Beardall
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
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43
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Brown DR, Warner AR, Deb SK, Gough LA, Sparks SA, McNaughton LR. The effect of astaxanthin supplementation on performance and fat oxidation during a 40 km cycling time trial. J Sci Med Sport 2020; 24:92-97. [PMID: 32660833 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2020.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to investigate whether supplementation with 12 mg⋅day-1 astaxanthin for 7 days can improve exercise performance and metabolism during a 40 km cycling time trial. DESIGN A randomised, double-blind, crossover design was employed. METHODS Twelve recreationally trained male cyclists (VO2peak: 56.5 ± 5.5 mL⋅kg-1⋅min-1, Wmax: 346.8 ± 38.4 W) were recruited. Prior to each experimental trial, participants were supplemented with either 12 mg⋅day-1 astaxanthin or an appearance-matched placebo for 7 days (separated by 14 days of washout). On day 7 of supplementation, participants completed a 40 km cycling time trial on a cycle ergometer, with indices of exercise metabolism measured throughout. RESULTS Time to complete the 40 km cycling time trial was improved by 1.2 ± 1.7% following astaxanthin supplementation, from 70.76 ± 3.93 min in the placebo condition to 69.90 ± 3.78 min in the astaxanthin condition (mean improvement = 51 ± 71 s, p = 0.029, g = 0.21). Whole-body fat oxidation rates were also greater (+0.09 ± 0.13 g⋅min-1, p = 0.044, g = 0.52), and the respiratory exchange ratio lower (-0.03 ± 0.04, p = 0.024, g = 0.60) between 39-40 km in the astaxanthin condition. CONCLUSIONS Supplementation with 12 mg⋅day-1 astaxanthin for 7 days provided an ergogenic benefit to 40 km cycling time trial performance in recreationally trained male cyclists and enhanced whole-body fat oxidation rates in the final stages of this endurance-type performance event.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel R Brown
- Department of Higher Education Sport, Loughborough College, United Kingdom.
| | - Ashley R Warner
- Department of Sport, Health and Exercise Science, University of Hull, United Kingdom
| | - Sanjoy K Deb
- School of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, United Kingdom
| | - Lewis A Gough
- School of Health Sciences, Birmingham City University, United Kingdom
| | - S Andy Sparks
- Sport Nutrition and Performance Research Group, Department of Sport and Physical Activity, Edge Hill University, United Kingdom
| | - Lars R McNaughton
- Sport Nutrition and Performance Research Group, Department of Sport and Physical Activity, Edge Hill University, United Kingdom; Department of Sport and Movement Studies, University of Johannesburg, South Africa
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44
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García F, Lobos P, Ponce A, Cataldo K, Meza D, Farías P, Estay C, Oyarzun-Ampuero F, Herrera-Molina R, Paula-Lima A, Ardiles ÁO, Hidalgo C, Adasme T, Muñoz P. Astaxanthin Counteracts Excitotoxicity and Reduces the Ensuing Increases in Calcium Levels and Mitochondrial Reactive Oxygen Species Generation. Mar Drugs 2020; 18:md18060335. [PMID: 32604880 PMCID: PMC7345213 DOI: 10.3390/md18060335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Astaxanthin (ASX) is a carotenoid pigment with strong antioxidant properties. We have reported previously that ASX protects neurons from the noxious effects of amyloid-β peptide oligomers, which promote excessive mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mROS) production and induce a sustained increase in cytoplasmic Ca2+ concentration. These properties make ASX a promising therapeutic agent against pathological conditions that entail oxidative and Ca2+ dysregulation. Here, we studied whether ASX protects neurons from N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)-induced excitotoxicity, a noxious process which decreases cellular viability, alters gene expression and promotes excessive mROS production. Incubation of the neuronal cell line SH-SY5Y with NMDA decreased cellular viability and increased mitochondrial superoxide production; pre-incubation with ASX prevented these effects. Additionally, incubation of SH-SY5Y cells with ASX effectively reduced the basal mROS production and prevented hydrogen peroxide-induced cell death. In primary hippocampal neurons, transfected with a genetically encoded cytoplasmic Ca2+ sensor, ASX also prevented the increase in intracellular Ca2+ concentration induced by NMDA. We suggest that, by preventing the noxious mROS and Ca2+ increases that occur under excitotoxic conditions, ASX could be useful as a therapeutic agent in neurodegenerative pathologies that involve alterations in Ca2+ homeostasis and ROS generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisca García
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Plasticity, Department of Pathology and Physiology, Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2341386, Chile; (F.G.); (A.P.); (K.C.); (D.M.); (P.F.); (C.E.); (Á.O.A.)
- Translational Neurology Center, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2341386, Chile
- Biomedical Research Center, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2341386, Chile
| | - Pedro Lobos
- Biomedical Neuroscience Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380000, Chile; (P.L.); (A.P.-L.); (C.H.)
| | - Alejandra Ponce
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Plasticity, Department of Pathology and Physiology, Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2341386, Chile; (F.G.); (A.P.); (K.C.); (D.M.); (P.F.); (C.E.); (Á.O.A.)
- Translational Neurology Center, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2341386, Chile
- Biomedical Research Center, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2341386, Chile
| | - Karla Cataldo
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Plasticity, Department of Pathology and Physiology, Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2341386, Chile; (F.G.); (A.P.); (K.C.); (D.M.); (P.F.); (C.E.); (Á.O.A.)
- Translational Neurology Center, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2341386, Chile
- Biomedical Research Center, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2341386, Chile
| | - Daniela Meza
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Plasticity, Department of Pathology and Physiology, Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2341386, Chile; (F.G.); (A.P.); (K.C.); (D.M.); (P.F.); (C.E.); (Á.O.A.)
- Translational Neurology Center, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2341386, Chile
- Biomedical Research Center, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2341386, Chile
| | - Patricio Farías
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Plasticity, Department of Pathology and Physiology, Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2341386, Chile; (F.G.); (A.P.); (K.C.); (D.M.); (P.F.); (C.E.); (Á.O.A.)
- Translational Neurology Center, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2341386, Chile
- Biomedical Research Center, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2341386, Chile
| | - Carolina Estay
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Plasticity, Department of Pathology and Physiology, Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2341386, Chile; (F.G.); (A.P.); (K.C.); (D.M.); (P.F.); (C.E.); (Á.O.A.)
- Translational Neurology Center, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2341386, Chile
- Biomedical Research Center, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2341386, Chile
| | - Felipe Oyarzun-Ampuero
- Department of Technology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Universidad de Chile, Santos Dumont 964, Independencia, Santiago 8380494, Chile;
| | - Rodrigo Herrera-Molina
- Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, 39118 Magdeburg, Germany;
- Centro Integrativo de Biología y Química Aplicada (CIBQA), Universidad Bernardo O’Higgins, Santiago 8370854, Chile
| | - Andrea Paula-Lima
- Biomedical Neuroscience Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380000, Chile; (P.L.); (A.P.-L.); (C.H.)
- Institute for Research in Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380000, Chile
| | - Álvaro O. Ardiles
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Plasticity, Department of Pathology and Physiology, Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2341386, Chile; (F.G.); (A.P.); (K.C.); (D.M.); (P.F.); (C.E.); (Á.O.A.)
- Interdisciplinary Center of Neuroscience of Valparaíso, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2381850, Chile
- Interdisciplinary Center for Health Studies, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2341386, Chile
| | - Cecilia Hidalgo
- Biomedical Neuroscience Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380000, Chile; (P.L.); (A.P.-L.); (C.H.)
- Department of Neurosciences and Program of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380000, Chile
- Center for Exercise, Metabolism and Cancer Studies, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380000, Chile
| | - Tatiana Adasme
- Centro Integrativo de Biología y Química Aplicada (CIBQA), Universidad Bernardo O’Higgins, Santiago 8370854, Chile
- Correspondence: (T.A.); (P.M.); Tel.: +56-29-786-496 (T.A.); +56-32-250-7368 (P.M.)
| | - Pablo Muñoz
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Plasticity, Department of Pathology and Physiology, Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2341386, Chile; (F.G.); (A.P.); (K.C.); (D.M.); (P.F.); (C.E.); (Á.O.A.)
- Translational Neurology Center, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2341386, Chile
- Biomedical Research Center, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2341386, Chile
- Correspondence: (T.A.); (P.M.); Tel.: +56-29-786-496 (T.A.); +56-32-250-7368 (P.M.)
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Pérez-Gálvez A, Viera I, Roca M. Carotenoids and Chlorophylls as Antioxidants. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:E505. [PMID: 32526968 PMCID: PMC7346216 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9060505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Chlorophylls and carotenoids are natural pigments that are present in our daily diet, especially with the increasing tendency towards more natural and healthy behaviors among consumers. As disturbed antioxidant homeostasis capacities seem to be implicated in the progress of different pathologies, the antioxidant properties of both groups of lipophilic compounds have been studied. The objective of this review was to analyze the state-of-the-art advances in this field. We conducted a systematic bibliographic search (Web of Science™ and Scopus®), followed by a comprehensive and critical description of the results, with special emphasis on highly cited and more recently published research. In addition to an evaluative description of the methodologies, this review discussed different approaches used to obtain a physiological perspective, from in vitro studies to in vivo assays using oxidative biomarkers. From a chemical viewpoint, many studies have demonstrated how a pigment's structure influences its antioxidant response and the underlying mechanisms. The major outcome is that this knowledge is essential for interpreting new data in a metabolic networks context in the search for more direct applications to health. A promising era is coming where the term "antioxidant" is understood in terms of its broadest significance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - María Roca
- Food Phytochemistry Department, Instituto de la Grasa (CSIC), University Campus, Building 46, 41013 Sevilla, Spain; (A.P.-G.); (I.V.)
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Fleischmann C, Bar-Ilan N, Horowitz M, Bruchim Y, Deuster P, Heled Y. Astaxanthin supplementation impacts the cellular HSP expression profile during passive heating. Cell Stress Chaperones 2020; 25:549-558. [PMID: 31970694 PMCID: PMC7192986 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-019-01061-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Astaxanthin is a powerful carotenoid antioxidant prevalent in marine organisms and approved as a food supplement. Recent studies have demonstrated Astaxanthin's beneficial attributes in various health states. Following initial reports of potential heat protective properties in Astaxanthin supplemented rats, we present here results of a novel study examining the effect of Astaxanthin supplementation on the heat shock response in rats in relation to core temperature (Tc) and the ensuing physiological strain. Two hours of heat stress at 41 °C during which rats developed their thermoregulatory hyperthermic plateau resulted in progressive increases in HSP72 and HSP27 in the Astaxanthin (Oleoresin)-treated group but not in the control (Olive oil) group. Enhanced elevation in HSPs suggests that Astaxanthin supplementation may augment the cellular stress protective response to heat stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Fleischmann
- The Institute of Military Physiology, IDF Medical Corps, Tel Hashomer, Israel.
- Heller Institute of Medical Research, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel.
- Laboratory of Environmental Physiology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.
| | - Netta Bar-Ilan
- Laboratory of Environmental Physiology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Michal Horowitz
- Laboratory of Environmental Physiology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Yaron Bruchim
- Laboratory of Environmental Physiology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
- Human Performance Resource Center, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Patricia Deuster
- Emergency and Specialist Veterinary Center, Ben-Shemen Youth Village, Israel
| | - Yuval Heled
- Heller Institute of Medical Research, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
- The Kibbutzim College, Tel Aviv, Israel
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Jiang G, Yang Z, Wang Y, Yao M, Chen Y, Xiao W, Yuan Y. Enhanced astaxanthin production in yeast via combined mutagenesis and evolution. Biochem Eng J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2020.107519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Astaxanthin Prevents Mitochondrial Impairment Induced by Isoproterenol in Isolated Rat Heart Mitochondria. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9030262. [PMID: 32210012 PMCID: PMC7139515 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9030262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are considered to be a power station of the cell. It is known that they play a major role in both normal and pathological heart function. Alterations in mitochondrial bioenergetics are one of the main causes of the origin and progression of heart failure since they have an inhibitory effect on the activity of respiratory complexes in the inner mitochondrial membrane. Astaxanthin (AST) is a xanthophyll carotenoid of mainly marine origin. It has both lipophilic and hydrophilic properties and may prevent mitochondrial dysfunction by permeating the cell membrane and co-localizing within mitochondria. The carotenoid suppresses oxidative stress-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and the development of diseases. In the present study, it was found that the preliminary oral administration of AST upregulated the activity of respiratory chain complexes and ATP synthase and the level of their main subunits, thereby improving the respiration of rat heart mitochondria (RHM) in the heart injured by isoproterenol (ISO). AST decreased the level of cyclophilin D (CyP-D) and increased the level of adenine nucleotide translocase (ANT) in this condition. It was concluded that AST could be considered as a potential mitochondrial-targeted agent in the therapy of pathological conditions associated with oxidative damage and mitochondrial dysfunction. AST, as a dietary supplement, has a potential in the prevention of cardiovascular diseases.
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Astaxanthin-loaded polymer-lipid hybrid nanoparticles (ATX-LPN): assessment of potential otoprotective effects. J Nanobiotechnology 2020; 18:53. [PMID: 32192504 PMCID: PMC7081530 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-020-00600-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ototoxicity is one of the major side effects of platinum-based chemotherapy, especially cisplatin therapy. To date, no FDA approved agents to alleviate or prevent this ototoxicity are available. However, ototoxicity is generally believed to be produced by excessive generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the inner ear, thus leading to the development of various antioxidants, which act as otoprotective agents. Astaxanthin (ATX) is an interesting candidate in the development of new therapies for preventing and treating oxidative stress-related pathologies, owing to its unique antioxidant capacity. Methods and results In this study, we aimed to evaluate the potential antioxidant properties of ATX in the inner ear by using the HEI-OC1 cell line, zebrafish, and guinea pigs. Because ATX has poor solubility and cannot pass through round window membranes (RWM), we established lipid-polymer hybrid nanoparticles (LPN) for loading ATX. The LPN enabled ATX to penetrate RWM and maintain concentrations in the perilymph in the inner ear for 24 h after a single injection. ATX-LPN were found to have favorable biocompatibility and to strongly affect cisplatin-induced generation of ROS, on the basis of DCFHDA staining in HEI-OC1 cells. JC-1 and MitoTracker Green staining suggested that ATX-LPN successfully reversed the decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential induced by cisplatin in vitro and rescued cells from early stages of apoptosis, as demonstrated by FACS stained with Annexin V-FITC/PI. Moreover, ATX-LPN successfully attenuated OHC losses in cultured organ of Corti and animal models (zebrafish and guinea pigs) in vivo. In investigating the protective mechanism of ATX-LPN, we found that ATX-LPN decreased the expression of pro-apoptotic proteins (caspase 3/9 and cytochrome-c) and increased expression of the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2. In addition, the activation of JNK induced by CDDP was up-regulated and then decreased after the administration of ATX-LPN, while P38 stayed unchanged. Conclusions To best of our knowledge, this is first study concluded that ATX-LPN as a new therapeutic agent for the prevention of cisplatin-induced ototoxicity.![]()
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Sztretye M, Singlár Z, Szabó L, Angyal Á, Balogh N, Vakilzadeh F, Szentesi P, Dienes B, Csernoch L. Improved Tetanic Force and Mitochondrial Calcium Homeostasis by Astaxanthin Treatment in Mouse Skeletal Muscle. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9020098. [PMID: 31979219 PMCID: PMC7070261 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9020098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Astaxanthin (AX) a marine carotenoid is a powerful natural antioxidant which protects against oxidative stress and improves muscle performance. Retinol and its derivatives were described to affect lipid and energy metabolism. Up to date, the effects of AX and retinol on excitation-contraction coupling (ECC) in skeletal muscle are poorly described. METHODS 18 C57Bl6 mice were divided into two groups: Control and AX supplemented in rodent chow for 4 weeks (AstaReal A1010). In vivo and in vitro force and intracellular calcium homeostasis was studied. In some experiments acute treatment with retinol was employed. RESULTS The voltage activation of calcium transients (V50) were investigated in single flexor digitorum brevis isolated fibers under patch clamp and no significant changes were found following AX supplementation. Retinol shifted V50 towards more positive values and decreased the peak F/F0 of the calcium transients. The amplitude of tetani in the extensor digitorum longus was significantly higher in AX than in control group. Lastly, the mitochondrial calcium uptake was found to be less prominent in AX. CONCLUSION AX supplementation increases in vitro tetanic force without affecting ECC and exerts a protecting effect on the mitochondria. Retinol treatment has an inhibitory effect on ECC in skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mónika Sztretye
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (M.S.); (Z.S.); (L.S.); (Á.A.); (N.B.); (F.V.); (P.S.); (B.D.)
| | - Zoltán Singlár
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (M.S.); (Z.S.); (L.S.); (Á.A.); (N.B.); (F.V.); (P.S.); (B.D.)
- Doctoral School of Molecular Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - László Szabó
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (M.S.); (Z.S.); (L.S.); (Á.A.); (N.B.); (F.V.); (P.S.); (B.D.)
- Doctoral School of Molecular Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Ágnes Angyal
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (M.S.); (Z.S.); (L.S.); (Á.A.); (N.B.); (F.V.); (P.S.); (B.D.)
- Doctoral School of Molecular Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Norbert Balogh
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (M.S.); (Z.S.); (L.S.); (Á.A.); (N.B.); (F.V.); (P.S.); (B.D.)
- Doctoral School of Molecular Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Faranak Vakilzadeh
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (M.S.); (Z.S.); (L.S.); (Á.A.); (N.B.); (F.V.); (P.S.); (B.D.)
- Doctoral School of Molecular Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Péter Szentesi
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (M.S.); (Z.S.); (L.S.); (Á.A.); (N.B.); (F.V.); (P.S.); (B.D.)
| | - Beatrix Dienes
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (M.S.); (Z.S.); (L.S.); (Á.A.); (N.B.); (F.V.); (P.S.); (B.D.)
| | - László Csernoch
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (M.S.); (Z.S.); (L.S.); (Á.A.); (N.B.); (F.V.); (P.S.); (B.D.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +36-52-255575; Fax: +36-52-255116
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