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Liu T, Xu H, Amanullah S, Du Z, Hu X, Che Y, Zhang L, Jiang Z, Zhu L, Wang D. Deciphering the Enhancing Impact of Exogenous Brassinolide on Physiological Indices of Melon Plants under Downy Mildew-Induced Stress. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:779. [PMID: 38592782 PMCID: PMC10974236 DOI: 10.3390/plants13060779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Melon (Cucumis melo L.) is a valuable horticultural crop of the Cucurbitaceae family. Downy mildew (DM), caused by Pseudoperonospora cubensis, is a significant inhibitor of the production and quality of melon. Brassinolide (BR) is a new type of phytohormone widely used in cultivation for its broad spectrum of resistance- and defense-mechanism-improving activity. In this study, we applied various exogenous treatments (0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 mg·L-1) of BR at four distinct time periods (6 h, 12 h, 24 h, and 48 h) and explored the impact of BR on physiological indices and the genetic regulation of melon seedling leaves infected by downy-mildew-induced stress. It was mainly observed that a 2.0 mg·L-1 BR concentration effectively promoted the enhanced photosynthetic activity of seedling leaves, and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) analysis similarly exhibited an upregulated expression of the predicted regulatory genes of photosystem II (PSII) CmHCF136 (MELO3C023596.2) and CmPsbY (MELO3C010708.2), thus indicating the stability of the PSII reaction center. Furthermore, 2.0 mg·L-1 BR resulted in more photosynthetic pigments (nearly three times more than the chlorophyll contents (264.52%)) as compared to the control and other treatment groups and similarly upregulated the expression trend of the predicted key enzyme genes CmLHCP (MELO3C004214.2) and CmCHLP (MELO3C017176.2) involved in chlorophyll biosynthesis. Meanwhile, the maximum contents of soluble sugars and starch (186.95% and 164.28%) were also maintained, which were similarly triggered by the upregulated expression of the predicted genes CmGlgC (MELO3C006552.2), CmSPS (MELO3C020357.2), and CmPEPC (MELO3C018724.2), thereby maintaining osmotic adjustment and efficiency in eliminating reactive oxygen species. Overall, the exogenous 2.0 mg·L-1 BR exhibited maintained antioxidant activities, plastid membranal stability, and malondialdehyde (MDA) content. The chlorophyll fluorescence parameter values of F0 (42.23%) and Fv/Fm (36.67%) were also noticed to be higher; however, nearly three times higher levels of NPQ (375.86%) and Y (NPQ) (287.10%) were observed at 48 h of treatment as compared to all other group treatments. Increased Rubisco activity was also observed (62.89%), which suggested a significant role for elevated carbon fixation and assimilation and the upregulated expression of regulatory genes linked with Rubisco activity and the PSII reaction process. In short, we deduced that the 2.0 mg·L-1 BR application has an enhancing effect on the genetic modulation of physiological indices of melon plants against downy mildew disease stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tai Liu
- Daqing Branch of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Daqing 163711, China; (T.L.); (H.X.); (Z.D.); (X.H.); (Y.C.); (L.Z.); (Z.J.); (L.Z.)
| | - Huichun Xu
- Daqing Branch of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Daqing 163711, China; (T.L.); (H.X.); (Z.D.); (X.H.); (Y.C.); (L.Z.); (Z.J.); (L.Z.)
| | - Sikandar Amanullah
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticulture Crops (Northeast Region), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Zhiqiang Du
- Daqing Branch of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Daqing 163711, China; (T.L.); (H.X.); (Z.D.); (X.H.); (Y.C.); (L.Z.); (Z.J.); (L.Z.)
| | - Xixi Hu
- Daqing Branch of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Daqing 163711, China; (T.L.); (H.X.); (Z.D.); (X.H.); (Y.C.); (L.Z.); (Z.J.); (L.Z.)
| | - Ye Che
- Daqing Branch of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Daqing 163711, China; (T.L.); (H.X.); (Z.D.); (X.H.); (Y.C.); (L.Z.); (Z.J.); (L.Z.)
| | - Ling Zhang
- Daqing Branch of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Daqing 163711, China; (T.L.); (H.X.); (Z.D.); (X.H.); (Y.C.); (L.Z.); (Z.J.); (L.Z.)
| | - Zeyu Jiang
- Daqing Branch of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Daqing 163711, China; (T.L.); (H.X.); (Z.D.); (X.H.); (Y.C.); (L.Z.); (Z.J.); (L.Z.)
| | - Lei Zhu
- Daqing Branch of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Daqing 163711, China; (T.L.); (H.X.); (Z.D.); (X.H.); (Y.C.); (L.Z.); (Z.J.); (L.Z.)
| | - Di Wang
- Daqing Branch of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Daqing 163711, China; (T.L.); (H.X.); (Z.D.); (X.H.); (Y.C.); (L.Z.); (Z.J.); (L.Z.)
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Mirrani HM, Noreen Z, Usman S, Shah AA, Mahmoud EA, Elansary HO, Aslam M, Waqas A, Javed T. Magnesium nanoparticles extirpate salt stress in carrots (Daucus carota L.) through metabolomics regulations. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 207:108383. [PMID: 38286092 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Revised: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
Underground vegetables are sensitive and vulnerable to salt stress. The vegetables are the main source of vitamins, nutrients and minerals in human diet. Also contain healthy carbohydrates, antioxidant and resistant starch which are beneficial for human health. Salinity influences water balance, morphological appearance and cellular interference of crop plants. It also caused disproportion of nutrients which usually affects the physiochemical processes in plant. Salt stress also affect biochemical attributes and hampers the growth of underground organs, due to which yield of crop decreased. The nanoparticles had been potentially used for better crop yield, in the recent. In our research study, we elaborate the positive response of magnesium oxide nanoparticles (MgO-NPs) on the morphological and biochemical parameters as well as anti-oxidant enzymes action on two accessions of carrot (Daucus carota L.) under salt stress of 40 mM and 80 mM. In a pilot experiment, various levels (0, 50, 100, 150, 200 and 250 mg/L) of MgO-NPs were tested through foliar application on carrot plants. Foliar application of MgO-NPs at concentration of 150 mg/L was most effective treatment and ameliorate the salt stress in both carrot accessions (DC-03 and DC-90). The MgO-NPs significantly enhanced the morphological and biochemical parameters. The yield was significantly increased with the exposure of MgO-NPs. Our results thus confirmed the potential of MgO-NPs to endorse the plant development and growth under salinity. However, further research study is needed to explore effectiveness of MgO-NPs in various other plants for the ameliorant of salinity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hurmat Mehdi Mirrani
- Department of Botany, Division of Science and Technology, University of Education, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Zahra Noreen
- Department of Botany, Division of Science and Technology, University of Education, Lahore, Pakistan.
| | - Sheeraz Usman
- Department of Botany, Division of Science and Technology, University of Education, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Anis Ali Shah
- Department of Botany, Division of Science and Technology, University of Education, Lahore, Pakistan.
| | - Eman A Mahmoud
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Damietta University, Damietta, Egypt
| | - Hosam O Elansary
- Department of Plant Production, College of Food & Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Aslam
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Science and Technology, University of Education, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Waqas
- Department of Botany, Division of Science and Technology, University of Education, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Talha Javed
- Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, 571101, China
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Zhou H, Shi H, Yang Y, Feng X, Chen X, Xiao F, Lin H, Guo Y. Insights into plant salt stress signaling and tolerance. J Genet Genomics 2024; 51:16-34. [PMID: 37647984 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgg.2023.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Soil salinization is an essential environmental stressor, threatening agricultural yield and ecological security worldwide. Saline soils accumulate excessive soluble salts which are detrimental to most plants by limiting plant growth and productivity. It is of great necessity for plants to efficiently deal with the adverse effects caused by salt stress for survival and successful reproduction. Multiple determinants of salt tolerance have been identified in plants, and the cellular and physiological mechanisms of plant salt response and adaption have been intensely characterized. Plants respond to salt stress signals and rapidly initiate signaling pathways to re-establish cellular homeostasis with adjusted growth and cellular metabolism. This review summarizes the advances in salt stress perception, signaling, and response in plants. A better understanding of plant salt resistance will contribute to improving crop performance under saline conditions using multiple engineering approaches. The rhizosphere microbiome-mediated plant salt tolerance as well as chemical priming for enhanced plant salt resistance are also discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huapeng Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China.
| | - Haifan Shi
- College of Grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
| | - Yongqing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xixian Feng
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China
| | - Fei Xiao
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830046, China
| | - Honghui Lin
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China
| | - Yan Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
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Song Q, He F, Kong L, Yang J, Wang X, Zhao Z, Zhang Y, Xu C, Fan C, Luo K. The IAA17.1/HSFA5a module enhances salt tolerance in Populus tomentosa by regulating flavonol biosynthesis and ROS levels in lateral roots. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024; 241:592-606. [PMID: 37974487 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Auxin signaling provides a promising approach to controlling root system architecture and improving stress tolerance in plants. However, how the auxin signaling is transducted in this process remains unclear. The Aux indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) repressor IAA17.1 is stabilized by salinity, and primarily expressed in the lateral root (LR) primordia and tips in poplar. Overexpression of the auxin-resistant form of IAA17.1 (IAA17.1m) led to growth inhibition of LRs, markedly reduced salt tolerance, increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, and decreased flavonol content. We further identified that IAA17.1 can interact with the heat shock protein HSFA5a, which was highly expressed in roots and induced by salt stress. Overexpression of HSFA5a significantly increased flavonol content, reduced ROS accumulation, enhanced LR growth and salt tolerance in transgenic poplar. Moreover, HSFA5a could rescue the defective phenotypes caused by IAA17.1m. Expression analysis showed that genes associated with flavonol biosynthesis were altered in IAA17.1m- and HAFA5a-overexpressing plants. Furthermore, we identified that HSFA5a directly activated the expression of key enzyme genes in the flavonol biosynthesis pathway, while IAA17.1 suppressed HSFA5a-mediated activation of these genes. Collectively, the IAA17.1/HSFA5a module regulates flavonol biosynthesis, controls ROS accumulation, thereby modulating the root system of poplar to adapt to salt stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Song
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation, Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (Chongqing) Science City, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments of Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Fu He
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation, Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (Chongqing) Science City, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
- Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Regional Plant Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement (CTGU), Biotechnology Research Center, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443000, China
| | - Lingfei Kong
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation, Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (Chongqing) Science City, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments of Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Jiarui Yang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation, Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (Chongqing) Science City, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments of Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Xiaojing Wang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation, Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (Chongqing) Science City, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments of Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Zhengjie Zhao
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation, Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (Chongqing) Science City, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments of Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Yuqian Zhang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation, Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (Chongqing) Science City, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments of Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Changzheng Xu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation, Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (Chongqing) Science City, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Chunfen Fan
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation, Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (Chongqing) Science City, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments of Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Keming Luo
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation, Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (Chongqing) Science City, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments of Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
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Sharma M, Marhava P. Regulation of PIN polarity in response to abiotic stress. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 76:102445. [PMID: 37714753 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2023.102445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
Plants have evolved robust adaptive mechanisms to withstand the ever-changing environment. Tightly regulated distribution of the hormone auxin throughout the plant body controls an impressive variety of developmental processes that tailor plant growth and morphology to environmental conditions. The proper flow and directionality of auxin between cells is mainly governed by asymmetrically localized efflux carriers - PINs - ensuring proper coordination of developmental processes in plants. Discerning the molecular players and cellular dynamics involved in the establishment and maintenance of PINs in specific membrane domains, as well as their ability to readjust in response to abiotic stressors is essential for understanding how plants balance adaptability and stability. While much is known about how PINs get polarized, there is still limited knowledge about how abiotic stresses alter PIN polarity by acting on these systems. In this review, we focus on the current understanding of mechanisms involved in (re)establishing and maintaining PIN polarity under abiotic stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manvi Sharma
- Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Centre (UPSC), Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), 90183, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Petra Marhava
- Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Centre (UPSC), Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), 90183, Umeå, Sweden.
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Akhiyarova G, Vafina G, Veselov D, Kudoyarova G. Immunolocalization of Jasmonates and Auxins in Pea Roots in Connection with Inhibition of Root Growth under Salinity Conditions. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15148. [PMID: 37894828 PMCID: PMC10606536 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242015148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Inhibition of root elongation is an important growth response to salinity, which is thought to be regulated by the accumulation of jasmonates and auxins in roots. Nevertheless, the mechanisms of the interaction of these hormones in the regulation of the growth response to salinity are still not clear enough. Their better understanding depends on the study of the distribution of jasmonates and auxins between root cells. This was achieved with the help of immunolocalization of auxin (indoleacetic acid) and jasmonates on the root sections of pea plants. Salinity inhibited root elongation and decreased the size of the meristem zone and the length of cells in the elongation zone. Immunofluorescence based on the use of appropriate, specific antibodies that recognize auxins and jasmonates revealed an increased abundance of both hormones in the meristem zone. The obtained data suggests the participation of either auxins or jasmonates in the inhibition of cell division, which leads to a decrease in the size of the meristem zone. The level of only auxin and not jasmonate increased in the elongation zone. However, since some literature evidence argues against inhibition of root cell division by auxins, while jasmonates have been shown to inhibit this process, we came to the conclusion that elevated jasmonate is a more likely candidate for inhibiting root meristem activity under salinity conditions. Data suggests that auxins, not jasmonates, reduce cell size in the elongation zone of salt-stressed plants, a suggestion supported by the known ability of auxins to inhibit root cell elongation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Guzel Kudoyarova
- Ufa Institute of Biology, Ufa Federal Research Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences, Prospekt Oktyabrya 69, 450054 Ufa, Russia; (G.A.); (G.V.); (D.V.)
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Liu H, Chong P, Yan S, Liu Z, Bao X, Tan B. Transcriptome and Proteome Association Analysis to Screen Candidate Genes Related to Salt Tolerance in Reaumuria soongorica Leaves under Salt Stress. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3542. [PMID: 37896006 PMCID: PMC10609793 DOI: 10.3390/plants12203542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
This work aims at studying the molecular mechanisms underlying the response of Reaumuria soongorica to salt stress. We used RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) and Tandem Mass Tag (TMT) techniques to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) in R. soongorica leaves treated with 0, 200, and 500 mM NaCl for 72 h. The results indicated that compared with the 0 mM NaCl treatment group, 2391 and 6400 DEGs were identified in the 200 and 500 mM NaCl treatment groups, respectively, while 47 and 177 DEPs were also identified. Transcriptome and proteome association analysis was further performed on R. soongorica leaves in the 0/500 mM NaCl treatment group, and 32 genes with consistent mRNA and protein expression trends were identified. SYP71, CS, PCC13-62, PASN, ZIFL1, CHS2, and other differential genes are involved in photosynthesis, vesicle transport, auxin transport, and other functions of plants, and might play a key role in the salt tolerance of R. soongorica. In this study, transcriptome and proteome association techniques were used to screen candidate genes associated with salt tolerance in R. soongorica, which provides an important theoretical basis for understanding the molecular mechanism of salt tolerance in R. soongorica and breeding high-quality germplasm resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanghang Liu
- College of Forestry, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (H.L.); (Z.L.); (X.B.); (B.T.)
| | - Peifang Chong
- College of Forestry, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (H.L.); (Z.L.); (X.B.); (B.T.)
| | - Shipeng Yan
- School of Forestry Engineering, Shandong Agriculture and Engineering University, Jinan 250100, China;
| | - Zehua Liu
- College of Forestry, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (H.L.); (Z.L.); (X.B.); (B.T.)
| | - Xinguang Bao
- College of Forestry, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (H.L.); (Z.L.); (X.B.); (B.T.)
| | - Bingbing Tan
- College of Forestry, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (H.L.); (Z.L.); (X.B.); (B.T.)
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Rahmati Ishka M, Julkowska M. Tapping into the plasticity of plant architecture for increased stress resilience. F1000Res 2023; 12:1257. [PMID: 38434638 PMCID: PMC10905174 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.140649.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Plant architecture develops post-embryonically and emerges from a dialogue between the developmental signals and environmental cues. Length and branching of the vegetative and reproductive tissues were the focus of improvement of plant performance from the early days of plant breeding. Current breeding priorities are changing, as we need to prioritize plant productivity under increasingly challenging environmental conditions. While it has been widely recognized that plant architecture changes in response to the environment, its contribution to plant productivity in the changing climate remains to be fully explored. This review will summarize prior discoveries of genetic control of plant architecture traits and their effect on plant performance under environmental stress. We review new tools in phenotyping that will guide future discoveries of genes contributing to plant architecture, its plasticity, and its contributions to stress resilience. Subsequently, we provide a perspective into how integrating the study of new species, modern phenotyping techniques, and modeling can lead to discovering new genetic targets underlying the plasticity of plant architecture and stress resilience. Altogether, this review provides a new perspective on the plasticity of plant architecture and how it can be harnessed for increased performance under environmental stress.
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Hao R, Zhou W, Li J, Luo M, Scheres B, Guo Y. On salt stress, PLETHORA signaling maintains root meristems. Dev Cell 2023; 58:1657-1669.e5. [PMID: 37480843 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2023.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/24/2023]
Abstract
Salt stress is one of the unfavorable environmental factors to affect plants. Salinity represses root growth, resulting in reduced biomass of agricultural plants. Little is known about how plants maintain root growth to counteract salt stress. The AP2-domain transcription factors PLETHORA1/2 (PLT1/2) act as master regulators in root meristem maintenance in Arabidopsis. In this study, we report that the salt overly sensitive (SOS) pathway component SOS2 regulates PLT1/2 at the post-transcriptional level. Salt-activated SOS2 interacts and phosphorylates PLT1/2 through their conserved C-terminal motifs to stabilize PLT1/2, critical for root apical meristem maintenance under salt stress. The phospho-mimetic version of PLT1/2 restored meristem and primary root length reduction of sos2-2 and plt1-4 plt2-2 mutants on salt treatment. Moreover, SOS2-mediated PLT1/2 phosphorylation improves root growth recovery after salt stress alleviation. We identify a SOS2-PLT1/2 core protein module that is required for protecting primary root growth and meristem maintenance from salt stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Wenkun Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Jingrui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Manqing Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Ben Scheres
- Laboratory of Plant Developmental Biology, Wageningen University and Research, 6708 PB Wageningen, the Netherlands; Rijk Zwaan R&D, 4793 RS Fijnaart, the Netherlands
| | - Yan Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
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Liu T, Amanullah S, Xu H, Gao P, Du Z, Hu X, Han M, Che Y, Zhang L, Qi G, Wang D. RNA-Seq Identified Putative Genes Conferring Photosynthesis and Root Development of Melon under Salt Stress. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1728. [PMID: 37761868 PMCID: PMC10530605 DOI: 10.3390/genes14091728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Melon is an important fruit crop of the Cucurbitaceae family that is being cultivated over a large area in China. Unfortunately, salt stress has crucial effects on crop plants and damages photosynthesis, membranal lipid components, and hormonal metabolism, which leads to metabolic imbalance and retarded growth. Herein, we performed RNA-seq analysis and a physiological parameter evaluation to assess the salt-induced stress impact on photosynthesis and root development activity in melon. The endogenous quantification analysis showed that the significant oxidative damage in the membranal system resulted in an increased ratio of non-bilayer/bilayer lipid (MGDG/DGDG), suggesting severe irregular stability in the photosynthetic membrane. Meanwhile, root development was slowed down by a superoxidized membrane system, and downregulated genes showed significant contributions to cell wall biosynthesis and IAA metabolism. The comparative transcriptomic analysis also exhibited that major DEGs were more common in the intrinsic membrane component, photosynthesis, and metabolism. These are all processes that are usually involved in negative responses. Further, the WGCN analysis revealed the involvement of two main network modules: the thylakoid membrane and proteins related to photosystem II. The qRT-PCR analysis exhibited that two key genes (MELO3C006053.2 and MELO3C023596.2) had significant variations in expression profiling at different time intervals of salt stress treatments (0, 6, 12, 24, and 48 h), which were also consistent with the RNA-seq results, denoting the significant accuracy of molecular dataset analysis. In summary, we performed an extensive molecular and metabolic investigation to check the salt-stress-induced physiological changes in melon and proposed that the PSII reaction centre may likely be the primary stress target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tai Liu
- Daqing Branch of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Daqing 163711, China; (T.L.); (H.X.); (Z.D.); (X.H.); (M.H.); (Y.C.); (L.Z.); (G.Q.)
| | - Sikandar Amanullah
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticulture Crops (Northeast Region), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (S.A.); (P.G.)
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Huichun Xu
- Daqing Branch of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Daqing 163711, China; (T.L.); (H.X.); (Z.D.); (X.H.); (M.H.); (Y.C.); (L.Z.); (G.Q.)
| | - Peng Gao
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticulture Crops (Northeast Region), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (S.A.); (P.G.)
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Zhiqiang Du
- Daqing Branch of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Daqing 163711, China; (T.L.); (H.X.); (Z.D.); (X.H.); (M.H.); (Y.C.); (L.Z.); (G.Q.)
| | - Xixi Hu
- Daqing Branch of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Daqing 163711, China; (T.L.); (H.X.); (Z.D.); (X.H.); (M.H.); (Y.C.); (L.Z.); (G.Q.)
| | - Mo Han
- Daqing Branch of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Daqing 163711, China; (T.L.); (H.X.); (Z.D.); (X.H.); (M.H.); (Y.C.); (L.Z.); (G.Q.)
| | - Ye Che
- Daqing Branch of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Daqing 163711, China; (T.L.); (H.X.); (Z.D.); (X.H.); (M.H.); (Y.C.); (L.Z.); (G.Q.)
| | - Ling Zhang
- Daqing Branch of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Daqing 163711, China; (T.L.); (H.X.); (Z.D.); (X.H.); (M.H.); (Y.C.); (L.Z.); (G.Q.)
| | - Guochao Qi
- Daqing Branch of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Daqing 163711, China; (T.L.); (H.X.); (Z.D.); (X.H.); (M.H.); (Y.C.); (L.Z.); (G.Q.)
| | - Di Wang
- Daqing Branch of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Daqing 163711, China; (T.L.); (H.X.); (Z.D.); (X.H.); (M.H.); (Y.C.); (L.Z.); (G.Q.)
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11
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Xing L, Zhang L, Zheng H, Zhang Z, Luo Y, Liu Y, Wang L. ZmmiR169q/ZmNF-YA8 is a module that homeostatically regulates primary root growth and salt tolerance in maize. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1163228. [PMID: 37457348 PMCID: PMC10344899 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1163228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
In response to salt stress, plants alter the expression of manifold gene networks, enabling them to survive and thrive in the face of adversity. As a result, the growth and development of plant roots could be drastically altered, with significant inhibition of the growth of root meristematic zones. Although it is known that root growth is primarily regulated by auxins and cytokinins, the molecular regulatory mechanism by which salt stress stunts root meristems remains obscure. In this study, we found that the ZmmiR169q/ZmNF-YA8 module regulates the growth of maize taproots in response to salt stress. Salt stress downregulates ZmmiR169q expression, allowing for significant upregulation of ZmNF-YA8, which, in turn, activates ZmERF1B, triggering the upregulation of ASA1 and ASA2, two rate-limiting enzymes in the biosynthesis of tryptophan (Trp), leading to the accumulation of auxin in the root tip, thereby inhibiting root growth. The development of the maize root is stymied as meristem cell division and meristematic zone expansion are both stifled. This study reveals the ZmmiR169q/ZmNF-YA8 module's involvement in maintaining an equilibrium in bestowing plant salt tolerance and root growth and development under salt stress, providing new insights into the molecular mechanism underlying the homeostatic regulation of plant development in response to salt stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Xing
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, China
| | - Lan Zhang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, China
| | - Hongyan Zheng
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, China
- National Nanfan Research Institute (Sanya), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Hainan, China
| | - Zhuoxia Zhang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, China
| | - Yanzhong Luo
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, China
- National Nanfan Research Institute (Sanya), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Hainan, China
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12
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Yin Y, Fan S, Li S, Amombo E, Fu J. Involvement of cell cycle and ion transferring in the salt stress responses of alfalfa varieties at different development stages. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 23:343. [PMID: 37370008 PMCID: PMC10294350 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-023-04335-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alfalfa (Medicago sativa) is the worldwide major feed crop for livestock. However, forage quality and productivity are reduced by salt stress, which is a common issue in alfalfa-growing regions. The relative salt tolerance is changed during plant life cycle. This research aimed to investigate the relative salt tolerance and the underlying mechanisms of two alfalfa varieties at different developmental stages. RESULTS Two alfalfa varieties, "Zhongmu No.1 (ZM1)" and "D4V", with varying salt tolerance, were subjected to salt stress (0, 100, 150 mM NaCl). When the germinated seeds were exposed to salt stress, D4V exhibited enhanced primary root growth compared to ZM1 due to the maintenance of meristem size, sustained or increased expression of cell cycle-related genes, greater activity of antioxidant enzymes and higher level of IAA. These findings indicated that D4V was more tolerant than ZM1 at early developmental stage. However, when young seedlings were exposed to salt stress, ZM1 displayed a lighter wilted phenotype and leaf cell death, higher biomass and nutritional quality, lower relative electrolytic leakage (EL) and malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration. In addition, ZM1 obtained a greater antioxidant capacity in leaves, indicated by less accumulation of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and higher activity of antioxidant enzymes. Further ionic tissue-distribution analysis identified that ZM1 accumulated less Na+ and more K+ in leaves and stems, resulting in lower Na+/K+ ratio, because of possessing higher expression of ion transporters and sensitivity of stomata closure. Therefore, the relative salt tolerance of ZM1 and D4V was reversed at young seedling stages, with the young seedlings of the former being more salt-tolerant. CONCLUSION Our data revealed the changes of relative order of salt tolerance between alfalfa varieties as they develop. Meristem activity in primary root tips and ion transferring at young seedling stages were underlying mechanisms that resulted in differences in salt tolerance at different developmental stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- YanLing Yin
- Coastal Salinity Tolerant Grass Engineering and Technology Research Center, Ludong University, Yantai, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - ShuGao Fan
- Coastal Salinity Tolerant Grass Engineering and Technology Research Center, Ludong University, Yantai, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuang Li
- Coastal Salinity Tolerant Grass Engineering and Technology Research Center, Ludong University, Yantai, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Erick Amombo
- Coastal Salinity Tolerant Grass Engineering and Technology Research Center, Ludong University, Yantai, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - JinMin Fu
- Coastal Salinity Tolerant Grass Engineering and Technology Research Center, Ludong University, Yantai, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
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13
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Tessi TM, Maurino VG, Shahriari M, Meissner E, Novak O, Pasternak T, Schumacher BS, Ditengou F, Li Z, Duerr J, Flubacher NS, Nautscher M, Williams A, Kazimierczak Z, Strnad M, Thumfart JO, Palme K, Desimone M, Teale WD. AZG1 is a cytokinin transporter that interacts with auxin transporter PIN1 and regulates the root stress response. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023; 238:1924-1941. [PMID: 36918499 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
An environmentally responsive root system is crucial for plant growth and crop yield, especially in suboptimal soil conditions. This responsiveness enables the plant to exploit regions of high nutrient density while simultaneously minimizing abiotic stress. Despite the vital importance of root systems in regulating plant growth, significant gaps of knowledge exist in the mechanisms that regulate their architecture. Auxin defines both the frequency of lateral root (LR) initiation and the rate of LR outgrowth. Here, we describe a search for proteins that regulate root system architecture (RSA) by interacting directly with a key auxin transporter, PIN1. The native separation of Arabidopsis plasma membrane protein complexes identified several PIN1 co-purifying proteins. Among them, AZG1 was subsequently confirmed as a PIN1 interactor. Here, we show that, in Arabidopsis, AZG1 is a cytokinin (CK) import protein that co-localizes with and stabilizes PIN1, linking auxin and CK transport streams. AZG1 expression in LR primordia is sensitive to NaCl, and the frequency of LRs is AZG1-dependent under salt stress. This report therefore identifies a potential point for auxin:cytokinin crosstalk, which shapes RSA in response to NaCl.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomás M Tessi
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal, Velez Sarsfield 249, 5000, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Veronica G Maurino
- Molecular Plant Physiology, Institute of Cellular and Molecular Botany, University of Bonn, Kirschallee 1, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Mojgan Shahriari
- Institute of Biology II, University of Freiburg, Schänzlestrasse 1, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Esther Meissner
- Conservation Ecology, Department Biology, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Karl-von-Frisch-Straße 8, 35032, Marburg, Germany
| | - Ondrej Novak
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Institute of Experimental Botany ASCR and Palacky, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Taras Pasternak
- Institute of Biology II, University of Freiburg, Schänzlestrasse 1, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Benjamin S Schumacher
- Zentrum für Molekularbiologie der Pflanzen, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 1, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Franck Ditengou
- Institute of Biology II, University of Freiburg, Schänzlestrasse 1, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Zenglin Li
- Institute of Biology II, University of Freiburg, Schänzlestrasse 1, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jasmin Duerr
- Institute of Biology II, University of Freiburg, Schänzlestrasse 1, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Noemi S Flubacher
- Institute of Biology II, University of Freiburg, Schänzlestrasse 1, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Moritz Nautscher
- Institute of Biology II, University of Freiburg, Schänzlestrasse 1, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Alyssa Williams
- Institute of Biology II, University of Freiburg, Schänzlestrasse 1, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Zuzanna Kazimierczak
- Institute of Biology II, University of Freiburg, Schänzlestrasse 1, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Miroslav Strnad
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Institute of Experimental Botany ASCR and Palacky, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jörg-Oliver Thumfart
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Physiology II, University of Freiburg, Hermann-Herder-Strasse 7, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
- Labormedizinisches Zentrum Ostschweiz, Lagerstrasse 30, 9470, Buchs, SG, Switzerland
| | - Klaus Palme
- Molecular Plant Physiology, Institute of Cellular and Molecular Botany, University of Bonn, Kirschallee 1, 53115, Bonn, Germany
- Centre of Biological Systems Analysis, University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
- BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Marcelo Desimone
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal, Velez Sarsfield 249, 5000, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - William D Teale
- Institute of Biology II, University of Freiburg, Schänzlestrasse 1, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
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14
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Ji C, Liang Z, Cao H, Chen Z, Kong X, Xin Z, He M, Wang J, Wei Z, Xing J, Li C, Zhang Y, Zhang H, Sun F, Li J, Li K. Transcriptome-based analysis of the effects of compound microbial agents on gene expression in wheat roots and leaves under salt stress. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1109077. [PMID: 37235031 PMCID: PMC10206238 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1109077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Salt stress inhibits the beneficial effects of most plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria. The synergistic relationship between beneficial rhizosphere microorganisms and plants helps achieve more stable growth-promoting effects. This study aimed 1) to elucidate changes in gene expression profiles in the roots and leaves of wheat after inoculation with compound microbial agents and 2) to determine the mechanisms by which plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria mediate plant responses to microorganisms. Methods Following inoculation with compound bacteria, transcriptome characteristics of gene expression profiles of wheat, roots, and leaves at the flowering stage were investigated using Illumina high-throughput sequencing technology. Gene ontology (GO) function and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses were performed on the genes that were significantly differentially expressed. Results The expression of 231 genes in the roots of bacterial preparations (BIO) -inoculated wheat changed significantly (including 35 upregulated and 196 downregulated genes) compared with that of non-inoculated wheat. The expression of 16,321 genes in leaves changed significantly, including 9651 upregulated genes and 6670 downregulated genes. The differentially expressed genes were involved in the metabolism of carbohydrates, amino acids, and secondary compounds as well as signal transduction pathways. The ethylene receptor 1 gene in wheat leaves was significantly downregulated, and genes related to ethylene-responsive transcription factor were significantly upregulated. GO enrichment analysis showed that metabolic and cellular processes were the main functions affected in the roots and leaves. The main molecular functions altered were binding and catalytic activities, among which the cellular oxidant detoxification enrichment rate was highly expressed in the roots. The expression of peroxisome size regulation was the highest in the leaves. KEGG enrichment analysis showed that linoleic acid metabolism expression was highest in the roots, and the expression of photosynthesis-antenna proteins was the highest in leaves. After inoculation with a complex biosynthesis agent, the phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) gene of the phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathway was upregulated in wheat leaf cells while 4CL, CCR, and CYP73A were downregulated. Additionally, CYP98A and REF1 genes involved in the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway were upregulated, while F5H, HCT, CCR, E2.1.1.104, and TOGT1-related genes were downregulated. Discussion Differentially expressed genes may play key roles in improving salt tolerance in wheat. Compound microbial inoculants promoted the growth of wheat under salt stress and improved disease resistance by regulating the expression of metabolism-related genes in wheat roots and leaves and activating immune pathway-related genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Ji
- College of Seed and Facility Agricultural Engineering, Weifang University, Weifang, Shandong, China
- Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology in University of Shandong Province, Weifang University, Weifang, Shandong, China
- Taishan Forest Ecosystem Research Station, Key Laboratory of State Forestry Administration for Silviculture of the Lower Yellow River, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, China
| | - Zengwen Liang
- College of Seed and Facility Agricultural Engineering, Weifang University, Weifang, Shandong, China
- Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology in University of Shandong Province, Weifang University, Weifang, Shandong, China
- Shandong Yongsheng Agricultural Development Co., Ltd., Yongsheng (Shouguang) Vegetable Technology Research Institute Co., Ltd, Weifang, China
| | - Hui Cao
- College of Seed and Facility Agricultural Engineering, Weifang University, Weifang, Shandong, China
- Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology in University of Shandong Province, Weifang University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Zhizhang Chen
- College of Foreign Languages, Weifang University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Xuehua Kong
- Weifang Hanting Vestibule School, Weifang Education Bureau, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Zhiwen Xin
- College of Seed and Facility Agricultural Engineering, Weifang University, Weifang, Shandong, China
- Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology in University of Shandong Province, Weifang University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Mingchao He
- College of Seed and Facility Agricultural Engineering, Weifang University, Weifang, Shandong, China
- Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology in University of Shandong Province, Weifang University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Jie Wang
- College of Seed and Facility Agricultural Engineering, Weifang University, Weifang, Shandong, China
- Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology in University of Shandong Province, Weifang University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Zichao Wei
- College of Seed and Facility Agricultural Engineering, Weifang University, Weifang, Shandong, China
- Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology in University of Shandong Province, Weifang University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Jiahao Xing
- College of Seed and Facility Agricultural Engineering, Weifang University, Weifang, Shandong, China
- Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology in University of Shandong Province, Weifang University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Chunyu Li
- College of Seed and Facility Agricultural Engineering, Weifang University, Weifang, Shandong, China
- Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology in University of Shandong Province, Weifang University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Yingxiang Zhang
- College of Seed and Facility Agricultural Engineering, Weifang University, Weifang, Shandong, China
- Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology in University of Shandong Province, Weifang University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Hua Zhang
- College of Seed and Facility Agricultural Engineering, Weifang University, Weifang, Shandong, China
- Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology in University of Shandong Province, Weifang University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Fujin Sun
- College of Seed and Facility Agricultural Engineering, Weifang University, Weifang, Shandong, China
- Runxin Fruit and Vegetable Cultivation Cooperative of Weifang Economic Development Zone, Weifang Agricultural Bureau, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Jianlin Li
- College of Seed and Facility Agricultural Engineering, Weifang University, Weifang, Shandong, China
- Weifang Nuode Biotechnology Co., LTD, Weifang Agricultural Bureau, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Kun Li
- Taishan Forest Ecosystem Research Station, Key Laboratory of State Forestry Administration for Silviculture of the Lower Yellow River, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, China
- College of Forestry, Shandong Agriculture University, Taian, Shandong, China
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Song X, Xiong Y, Kong X, Huang G. Roles of auxin response factors in rice development and stress responses. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2023; 46:1075-1086. [PMID: 36397176 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Auxin signalling plays a key role in various developmental processes ranging from embryogenesis to senescence in plants. Auxin response factor (ARF), a key component of auxin signalling, functions by binding to auxin response element within promoter of auxin response genes, activating or repressing the target genes. Increasing evidences show that ARFs are crucial for plant response to stresses. This review summarises the recent advance on the functions and their regulatory pathways of rice ARFs in development and responding to stresses. The importance of OsARFs is demonstrated by their roles in triggering various physiological, biochemical and molecular reactions to resist adverse environmental conditions. We also describe the transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation of OsARFs, and discuss the major challenges in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyun Song
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, SJTU-University of Adelaide Joint Centre for Agriculture and Health, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yali Xiong
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, SJTU-University of Adelaide Joint Centre for Agriculture and Health, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiuzhen Kong
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, SJTU-University of Adelaide Joint Centre for Agriculture and Health, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guoqiang Huang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, SJTU-University of Adelaide Joint Centre for Agriculture and Health, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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Han Y, Zhang C, Sha H, Wang X, Yu Y, Liu J, Zhao G, Wang J, Qiu G, Xu X, Fang J. Ubiquitin-Conjugating Enzyme OsUBC11 Affects the Development of Roots via Auxin Pathway. RICE (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2023; 16:9. [PMID: 36808375 PMCID: PMC9941415 DOI: 10.1186/s12284-023-00626-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Rice has 48 ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes, and the functions of most of these enzymes have not been elucidated. In the present study, a T-DNA insertional mutant named R164, which exhibited a significant decrease in the length of primary and lateral roots, was used as the experimental material to explore the potential function of OsUBC11. Analysis using the SEFA-PCR method showed that the T-DNA insertion was present in the promoter region of OsUBC11 gene, which encodes ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme (E2), and activates its expression. Biochemical experiments showed that OsUBC11 is a lysine-48-linked ubiquitin chain-forming conjugase. OsUBC11 overexpression lines showed the same root phenotypes. These results demonstrated that OsUBC11 was involved in root development. Further analyses showed that the IAA content of R164 mutant and OE3 line were significantly lower compared with wild-type Zhonghua11. Application of exogenous NAA restored the length of lateral and primary roots in R164 and OsUBC11 overexpression lines. Expression of the auxin synthesis regulating gene OsYUCCA4/6/7/9, the auxin transport gene OsAUX1, auxin/indole-3-acetic acid (Aux/IAA) family gene OsIAA31, auxin response factor OsARF16 and root regulator key genes, including OsWOX11, OsCRL1, OsCRL5 was significantly down-regulated in OsUBC11 overexpressing plants. Collectively, these results indicate that OsUBC11 modulates auxin signaling, ultimately affecting root development at the rice seedling stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunfei Han
- State Key Laboratory of Black Soils Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chuanzhong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Black Soils Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Hanjing Sha
- State Key Laboratory of Black Soils Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaojing Wang
- Hinggan League Institute of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Hinggan League, 137400, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Yue Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Black Soils Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin, China
- Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Jia Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Black Soils Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Guangxin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Black Soils Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jingying Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Black Soils Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guankai Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Black Soils Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xingjian Xu
- Hinggan League Institute of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Hinggan League, 137400, Inner Mongolia, China.
| | - Jun Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Black Soils Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin, China.
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Singh D, Debnath P, Sane AP, Sane VA. Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) WRKY23 enhances salt and osmotic stress tolerance by modulating the ethylene and auxin pathways in transgenic Arabidopsis. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 195:330-340. [PMID: 36669348 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Osmotic stress is one of the biggest problems in agriculture, which adversely affects crop productivity. Plants adopt several strategies to overcome osmotic stresses that include transcriptional reprogramming and activation of stress responses mediated by different transcription factors and phytohormones. We have identified a WRKY transcription factor from tomato, SlWRKY23, which is induced by mannitol and NaCl treatment. Over-expression of SlWRKY23 in transgenic Arabidopsis enhances osmotic stress tolerance to mannitol and NaCl and affects root growth and lateral root number. Transgenic Arabidopsis over-expressing SlWRKY23 showed reduced electrolyte leakage and higher relative water content than Col-0 plants upon mannitol and NaCl treatment. These lines also showed better membrane integrity with lower MDA content and higher proline content than Col-0. Responses to mannitol were governed by auxin as treatment with TIBA (auxin transport inhibitor) negatively affected the osmotic tolerance in transgenic lines by inhibiting lateral root growth. Similarly, responses to NaCl were controlled by ethylene as treatment with AgNO3 (ethylene perception inhibitor) inhibited the stress response to NaCl by suppressing primary and lateral root growth. The study shows that SlWRKY23, a osmotic stress inducible gene in tomato, imparts tolerance to mannitol and NaCl stress through interaction of the auxin and ethylene pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepika Singh
- Plant Gene Expression Lab, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, 226001, India
| | - Pratima Debnath
- Plant Gene Expression Lab, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, 226001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Aniruddha P Sane
- Plant Gene Expression Lab, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, 226001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Vidhu A Sane
- Plant Gene Expression Lab, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, 226001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
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18
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Ortega-Albero N, González-Orenga S, Vicente O, Rodríguez-Burruezo A, Fita A. Responses to Salt Stress of the Interspecific Hybrid Solanum insanum × Solanum melongena and Its Parental Species. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:plants12020295. [PMID: 36679008 PMCID: PMC9867010 DOI: 10.3390/plants12020295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Soil salinity is becoming one of the most critical problems for agriculture in the current climate change scenario. Growth parameters, such as plant height, root length and fresh weight, and several biochemical stress markers (chlorophylls, total flavonoids and proline), have been determined in young plants of Solanum melongena, its wild relative Solanum insanum, and their interspecific hybrid, grown in the presence of 200 and 400 mM of NaCl, and in adult plants in the long-term presence of 80 mM of NaCl, in order to assess their responses to salt stress. Cultivated eggplant showed a relatively high salt tolerance, compared to most common crops, primarily based on the control of ion transport and osmolyte biosynthesis. S. insanum exhibited some specific responses, such as the salt-induced increase in leaf K+ contents (653.8 μmol g-1 dry weight) compared to S. melongena (403 μmol g-1 dry weight) at 400 mM of NaCl. Although there were no substantial differences in growth in the presence of salt, biochemical evidence of a better response to salt stress of the wild relative was detected, such as a higher proline content. The hybrid showed higher tolerance than either of the parents with better growth parameters, such as plant height increment (7.3 cm) and fresh weight (240.4% root fresh weight and 113.3% shoot fresh weight) at intermediate levels of salt stress. For most biochemical variables, the hybrid showed an intermediate behaviour between the two parent species, but for proline it was closer to S. insanum (ca. 2200 μmol g-1 dry weight at 200 mM NaCl). These results show the possibility of developing new salt tolerance varieties in eggplant by introducing genes from S. insanum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neus Ortega-Albero
- Institute for the Conservation and Improvement of Valencian Agrodiversity (COMAV), Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera S/N, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Sara González-Orenga
- Department of Plant Biology and Soil Science, Faculty of Biology, Universidad de Vigo, Campus Lagoas-Marcosendre, 36310 Vigo, Spain
| | - Oscar Vicente
- Institute for the Conservation and Improvement of Valencian Agrodiversity (COMAV), Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera S/N, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Adrián Rodríguez-Burruezo
- Institute for the Conservation and Improvement of Valencian Agrodiversity (COMAV), Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera S/N, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Ana Fita
- Institute for the Conservation and Improvement of Valencian Agrodiversity (COMAV), Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera S/N, 46022 Valencia, Spain
- Correspondence:
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19
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Wang G, Zhang L, Zhang S, Li B, Li J, Wang X, Zhang J, Guan C, Ji J. The combined use of a plant growth promoting Bacillus sp. strain and GABA promotes the growth of rice under salt stress by regulating antioxidant enzyme system, enhancing photosynthesis and improving soil enzyme activities. Microbiol Res 2023; 266:127225. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2022.127225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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20
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Liu R, Wen SS, Sun TT, Wang R, Zuo WT, Yang T, Wang C, Hu JJ, Lu MZ, Wang LQ. PagWOX11/12a positively regulates the PagSAUR36 gene that enhances adventitious root development in poplar. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:7298-7311. [PMID: 36001042 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erac345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Adventitious root (AR) development is an extremely complex biological process that is affected by many intrinsic factors and extrinsic stimuli. Some WUSCHEL-related homeobox (WOX) transcription factors have been reported to play important roles in AR development, but their functional relationships with auxin signaling are poorly understood, especially the developmental plasticity of roots in response to adversity stress. Here, we identified that the WOX11/12a-SMALL AUXIN UP RNA36 (SAUR36) module mediates AR development through the auxin pathway in poplar, as well as under salt stress. PagWOX11/12a displayed inducible expression during AR development, and overexpression of PagWOX11/12a significantly promoted AR development and increased salt tolerance in poplar, whereas dominant repression of PagWOX11/12a produced the opposite phenotype. PagWOX11/12a proteins directly bind to the SAUR36 promoter to regulate SAUR36 transcription, and this binding was enhanced during salt stress. Genetic modification of PagWOX11/12a-PagSAUR36 expression revealed that the PagWOX11/12a-PagSAUR36 module is crucial for controlling AR development via the auxin pathway. Overall, our results indicate that a novel WOX11-SAUR-auxin signaling regulatory module is required for AR development in poplar. These findings provide key insights and a better understanding of the involvement of WOX11 in root developmental plasticity in saline environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of the State Forestry Administration, Chinese Academy of Forestry Research Institute of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Shuang-Shuang Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of the State Forestry Administration, Chinese Academy of Forestry Research Institute of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Ting-Ting Sun
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Rui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Wen-Teng Zuo
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of the State Forestry Administration, Chinese Academy of Forestry Research Institute of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Tao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Chao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Jian-Jun Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of the State Forestry Administration, Chinese Academy of Forestry Research Institute of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Meng-Zhu Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of the State Forestry Administration, Chinese Academy of Forestry Research Institute of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, College of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Liu-Qiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of the State Forestry Administration, Chinese Academy of Forestry Research Institute of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
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21
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Casanova‐Sáez R, Mateo‐Bonmatí E, Šimura J, Pěnčík A, Novák O, Staswick P, Ljung K. Inactivation of the entire Arabidopsis group II GH3s confers tolerance to salinity and water deficit. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 235:263-275. [PMID: 35322877 PMCID: PMC9322293 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2022] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) controls a plethora of developmental processes. Thus, regulation of its concentration is of great relevance for plant performance. Cellular IAA concentration depends on its transport, biosynthesis and the various pathways for IAA inactivation, including oxidation and conjugation. Group II members of the GRETCHEN HAGEN 3 (GH3) gene family code for acyl acid amido synthetases catalysing the conjugation of IAA to amino acids. However, the high degree of functional redundancy among them has hampered thorough analysis of their roles in plant development. In this work, we generated an Arabidopsis gh3.1,2,3,4,5,6,9,17 (gh3oct) mutant to knock out the group II GH3 pathway. The gh3oct plants had an elaborated root architecture, showed an increased tolerance to different osmotic stresses, including an IAA-dependent tolerance to salinity, and were more tolerant to water deficit. Indole-3-acetic acid metabolite quantification in gh3oct plants suggested the existence of additional GH3-like enzymes in IAA metabolism. Moreover, our data suggested that 2-oxindole-3-acetic acid production depends, at least in part, on the GH3 pathway. Targeted stress-hormone analysis further suggested involvement of abscisic acid in the differential response to salinity of gh3oct plants. Taken together, our data provide new insights into the roles of group II GH3s in IAA metabolism and hormone-regulated plant development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubén Casanova‐Sáez
- Department of Forest Genetics and Plant PhysiologyUmeå Plant Science Centre (UPSC)Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences901 83UmeåSweden
| | - Eduardo Mateo‐Bonmatí
- Department of Forest Genetics and Plant PhysiologyUmeå Plant Science Centre (UPSC)Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences901 83UmeåSweden
| | - Jan Šimura
- Department of Forest Genetics and Plant PhysiologyUmeå Plant Science Centre (UPSC)Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences901 83UmeåSweden
| | - Aleš Pěnčík
- Laboratory of Growth RegulatorsFaculty of SciencePalacký University and Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of SciencesŠlechtitelů 27OlomoucCzech Republic
| | - Ondřej Novák
- Department of Forest Genetics and Plant PhysiologyUmeå Plant Science Centre (UPSC)Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences901 83UmeåSweden
- Laboratory of Growth RegulatorsFaculty of SciencePalacký University and Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of SciencesŠlechtitelů 27OlomoucCzech Republic
| | - Paul Staswick
- Department of Agronomy and HorticultureUniversity of NebraskaLincolnNEUSA
| | - Karin Ljung
- Department of Forest Genetics and Plant PhysiologyUmeå Plant Science Centre (UPSC)Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences901 83UmeåSweden
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22
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Wang M, Gong S, Fu L, Hu G, Li G, Hu S, Yang J. The Involvement of Antioxidant Enzyme System, Nitrogen Metabolism and Osmoregulatory Substances in Alleviating Salt Stress in Inbred Maize Lines and Hormone Regulation Mechanisms. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11121547. [PMID: 35736698 PMCID: PMC9227288 DOI: 10.3390/plants11121547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Salt stress inhibited the growth of maize. B46 and NC236 were chosen as materials and NaCl concentrations (0, 55, 110, 165, and 220 mmol L−1) were set. We found the activities of SOD, POD, CAT, APX, GR, MDHAR, and DHAR decreased under NaCl stress. Compared with NC236, the contents of AsA and GSH, AsA/DHA and GSH/GSSG of B46 decreased. The content of O2−, H2O2, MDA, and EL of B46 increased. The contents of NO3− and NO2− decreased, while the content of NH4+ increased under high NaCl concentration. The activities of NR and NiR decreased, while the activities of GS and GOGAT increased first and then decreased. For B46 and NC236, the maximum of NADH-GDH and NAD-GDH appeared at 165 and 110 mmol L−1 NaCl concentration, respectively. Compared with B46, and the GOT and GPT activities of NC236 increased first and then decreased. With the increase of NaCl concentration, the contents of proline, soluble protein, and soluble sugar were increased. The Na+ content of B46 and NC236 increased, and the K+ content and K+/Na+ decreased. Compared with NC236, B46 had higher IAA content in leaf, higher Z + ZR content in leaf and root, and lower ABA content in leaf and root.
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23
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Liu Y, Kong D, Yang H, Douxchamps S, Atieno M, Xu B, Wang W, Liu G. A Transcriptomic Analysis of Stylo [Stylosanthes guianensis (Aubl) Sw.] Provides Novel Insights Into the Basis of Salinity Tolerance. FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2022.725656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tropical areas have a large distribution of saline soils and tidal flats with a high salinity level. Salinity stress is a key factor limiting the widespread use of tropical forage such as Stylosanthes guianensis (Aubl) Sw. This study was designed to screen the salinity tolerance of 84 S. guianensis accessions; In a greenhouse experiment, plants were subjected to Hoagland solution or Hoagland solution with 200 mM NaCl for up to 15 days. Salinity tolerant accession CIAT11365 and salinity sensitive accession FM05-2 were obtained based on withered leaf rate (WLR). Further verification of salinity tolerance in CIAT11365 and FM05-2 with different salinity gradients showed that salinity stress increased WLR and decreased relative chlorophyll content (SPAD), maximum photochemical efficiency of photosystem II (Fv/Fm), and photosynthetic rate (Pn) in FM05-2, but CIAT11365 exhibited lower WLR and higher SPAD, Fv/Fm, and Pn. Leaf RNA-Seq revealed that Ca2+ signal transduction and Na+ transport ability, salinity tolerance-related transcription factors and antioxidant ability, an increase of auxin, and inhibition of cytokinin may play key roles in CIAT11365 response to salinity stress. The results of this study may contribute to our understanding of the molecular mechanism underlying the responses of S. guianensis to salinity stress and also provide important clues for further study and in-depth characterization of salinity resistance breeding candidate genes in S. guianensis.
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24
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Cackett L, Cannistraci CV, Meier S, Ferrandi P, Pěnčík A, Gehring C, Novák O, Ingle RA, Donaldson L. Salt-Specific Gene Expression Reveals Elevated Auxin Levels in Arabidopsis thaliana Plants Grown Under Saline Conditions. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:804716. [PMID: 35222469 PMCID: PMC8866861 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.804716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Soil salinization is increasing globally, driving a reduction in crop yields that threatens food security. Salinity stress reduces plant growth by exerting two stresses on plants: rapid shoot ion-independent effects which are largely osmotic and delayed ionic effects that are specific to salinity stress. In this study we set out to delineate the osmotic from the ionic effects of salinity stress. Arabidopsis thaliana plants were germinated and grown for two weeks in media supplemented with 50, 75, 100, or 125 mM NaCl (that imposes both an ionic and osmotic stress) or iso-osmolar concentrations (100, 150, 200, or 250 mM) of sorbitol, that imposes only an osmotic stress. A subsequent transcriptional analysis was performed to identify sets of genes that are differentially expressed in plants grown in (1) NaCl or (2) sorbitol compared to controls. A comparison of the gene sets identified genes that are differentially expressed under both challenge conditions (osmotic genes) and genes that are only differentially expressed in plants grown on NaCl (ionic genes, hereafter referred to as salt-specific genes). A pathway analysis of the osmotic and salt-specific gene lists revealed that distinct biological processes are modulated during growth under the two conditions. The list of salt-specific genes was enriched in the gene ontology (GO) term "response to auxin." Quantification of the predominant auxin, indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and IAA biosynthetic intermediates revealed that IAA levels are elevated in a salt-specific manner through increased IAA biosynthesis. Furthermore, the expression of NITRILASE 2 (NIT2), which hydrolyses indole-3-acetonitile (IAN) into IAA, increased in a salt-specific manner. Overexpression of NIT2 resulted in increased IAA levels, improved Na:K ratios and enhanced survival and growth of Arabidopsis under saline conditions. Overall, our data suggest that auxin is involved in maintaining growth during the ionic stress imposed by saline conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee Cackett
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa
| | - Carlo Vittorio Cannistraci
- Center for Complex Network Intelligence, Tsinghua Laboratory of Brain and Intelligence, Department of Computer Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Center for Complex Network Intelligence, Tsinghua Laboratory of Brain and Intelligence, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Center for Systems Biology Dresden (CSBD), Dresden, Germany
| | - Stuart Meier
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa
| | - Paul Ferrandi
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Aleš Pěnčík
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences and Faculty of Science of Palacký University, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Chris Gehring
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Ondřej Novák
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences and Faculty of Science of Palacký University, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Robert A. Ingle
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa
| | - Lara Donaldson
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Cape Town, South Africa
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25
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Yu Z, Ren Y, Liu J, Zhu JK, Zhao C. A novel mitochondrial protein is required for cell wall integrity, auxin accumulation and root elongation in Arabidopsis under salt stress. STRESS BIOLOGY 2022; 2:13. [PMID: 37676421 PMCID: PMC10441957 DOI: 10.1007/s44154-022-00036-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
Maintenance of root elongation is beneficial for the growth and survival of plants under salt stress, but currently the cellular components involved in the regulation of root growth under high salinity are not fully understood. In this study, we identified an Arabidopsis mutant, rres1, which exhibited reduced root elongation under treatment of a variety of salts, including NaCl, NaNO3, KCl, and KNO3. RRES1 encodes a novel mitochondrial protein and its molecular function is still unknown. Under salt stress, the root meristem length was shorter in the rres1 mutant compared to the wild type, which was correlated with a reduced auxin accumulation in the mutant. Reactive oxygen species (ROS), as important signals that regulate root elongation, were accumulated to higher levels in the rres1 mutant than the wild type after salt treatment. Measurement of monosaccharides in the cell wall showed that arabinose and xylose contents were decreased in the rres1 mutant under salt stress, and application of boric acid, which is required for the crosslinking of pectic polysaccharide rhamnogalacturonan-II (RG-II), largely rescued the root growth arrest of the rres1 mutant, suggesting that RRES1 participates in the maintenance of cell wall integrity under salt stress. GUS staining assay indicated that the RRES1 gene was expressed in leaves and weakly in root tip under normal conditions, but its expression was dramatically increased in leaves and roots after salt treatment. Together, our study reveals a novel mitochondrial protein that regulates root elongation under salt stress via the modulation of cell wall integrity, auxin accumulation, and ROS homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheping Yu
- Institute of Horticulture, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China.
| | - Yuying Ren
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jianwei Liu
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jian-Kang Zhu
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Chunzhao Zhao
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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26
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Wang G, Li B, Peng D, Zhao H, Lu M, Zhang L, Li J, Zhang S, Guan C, Ji J. Combined application of H 2S and a plant growth promoting strain JIL321 regulates photosynthetic efficacy, soil enzyme activity and growth-promotion in rice under salt stress. Microbiol Res 2021; 256:126943. [PMID: 34953293 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2021.126943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Salinity stress is one of the most harmful abiotic stresses that inhibit crop growth and grain yield. In this study, a salt-tolerant bacterium was isolated from the soil of the rice rhizosphere and named Myroides sp. JIL321, based on the results of the phylogenetic tree analysis. The strain JIL321 tolerated up to 1, 283.37 mM of NaCl and exhibited positive plant growth-promoting traits, such as the production of indole acetic acid (IAA) and 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) deaminase. Therefore, the effects of JIL321 on rice (Oryza sativa L.) under salinity stress were determined. The inoculation of strain JIL321 significantly increased the chlorophyll content and the accumulation of osmotic adjustment substances, such as proline and soluble sugars, in rice expose to salt stress. Additionally, strain JIL321 inoculation significantly enhanced the activities of some enzymes commonly found in soil, such as urease, invertase and catalase. Moreover, the production of hydrogen sulfide (H2S), a pivotal signaling molecule, was also induced in rice by salt stress. Treatment with sodium hydrogen sulfide (NaHS, H2S donor) improved salt stress tolerance of the rice, while treatment with hypotaurine (HT, H2S scavenger) significantly suppressed it. Interestingly, NaHS treatment also improved the production of IAA and ACC deaminase in strain JIL321 under 0 mM and 150 mM salt concentrations. The combined treatment of JIL321 and NaHS could further improve the growth of salt-stressed rice seedlings, most likely due to the interaction effect between H2S and strain JIL321. To our knowledge, this study is the first to demonstrate that the combined use of H2S and plant growth-promoting bacteria could alleviate the adverse effects of salt stress on rice plants, and further verifies the novel role of H2S as a signaling molecule that enhance the tolerance of plant to abiotic stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Bowen Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Danliu Peng
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Hongzhi Zhao
- MOE Key Laboratory on Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, 300350, Tianjin, China
| | - Mingyang Lu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Lishuang Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Jiali Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Songhao Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Chunfeng Guan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.
| | - Jing Ji
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.
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27
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Jain N, Farhat S, Kumar R, Singh N, Singh S, Sreevathsa R, Kalia S, Singh NK, Teruhiro T, Rai V. Alteration of proteome in germinating seedlings of piegonpea ( Cajanus cajan) after salt stress. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 27:2833-2848. [PMID: 35035139 PMCID: PMC8720132 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-021-01116-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan) is an important crop in semi-arid regions and a significant source of dietary proteins in India. The plant is sensitive to salinity stress, which adversely affects its productivity. Based on the dosage-dependent influence of salinity stress on the growth and ion contents in the young seedlings of pigeonpea, a comparative proteome analysis of control and salt stressed (150 mM NaCl) plants was conducted using 7 days-old seedlings. Among various amino acids, serine, aspartate and asparagine were the amino acids that showed increment in the root, whereas serine, aspartate and phenylalanine showed an upward trend in shoots under salt stress. Furthermore, a label-free and gel-free comparative Q-Tof, Liquid Chromatography-Mass spectrometry (LC-MS) revealed total of 118 differentially abundant proteins in roots and shoots with and without salt stress conditions. Proteins related to DNA-binding with one finger (Dof) transcription factor family and glycine betaine (GB) biosynthesis were differentially expressed in the shoot and root of the salinity-stressed seedlings. Exogenous application of choline on GB accumulation under salt stress showed the increase of GB pathway in C. cajan. Gene expression analysis for differentially abundant proteins revealed the higher induction of ethanolamine kinase (CcEthKin), choline-phosphate cytidylyltransferase 1-like (CcChoPh), serine hydroxymethyltransferase (CcSHMT) and Dof protein (CcDof29). The results indicate the importance of, choline precursor, serine biosynthetic pathways and glycine betaine synthesis in salinity stress tolerance. The glycine betaine protects plant from cellular damages and acts as osmoticum under stress condition. Protein interaction network (PIN) analysis demonstrated that 61% of the differentially expressed proteins exhibited positive interactions and 10% of them formed the center of the PIN. Further, The PIN analysis also highlighted the potential roles of the cytochrome c oxidases in sensing and signaling cascades governing salinity stress responses in pigeonpea. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12298-021-01116-w.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Jain
- ICAR-National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, Lal Bahadur Shastri Building, Pusa Road, New Delhi, 110012 India
| | - Sufia Farhat
- ICAR-National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, Lal Bahadur Shastri Building, Pusa Road, New Delhi, 110012 India
- IK Gujral Punjab Technical University, Jalandhar, Punjab India
| | - Ram Kumar
- ICAR-National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, Lal Bahadur Shastri Building, Pusa Road, New Delhi, 110012 India
| | - Nisha Singh
- ICAR-National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, Lal Bahadur Shastri Building, Pusa Road, New Delhi, 110012 India
| | - Sangeeta Singh
- ICAR-National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, Lal Bahadur Shastri Building, Pusa Road, New Delhi, 110012 India
| | - Rohini Sreevathsa
- ICAR-National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, Lal Bahadur Shastri Building, Pusa Road, New Delhi, 110012 India
| | | | - Nagendra Kumar Singh
- ICAR-National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, Lal Bahadur Shastri Building, Pusa Road, New Delhi, 110012 India
| | - Takabe Teruhiro
- Research Institute, Meijo University, Nagoya, 468-8502 Japan
| | - Vandna Rai
- ICAR-National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, Lal Bahadur Shastri Building, Pusa Road, New Delhi, 110012 India
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Trifunović-Momčilov M, Motyka V, Dobrev PI, Marković M, Milošević S, Jevremović S, Dragićević IČ, Subotić A. Phytohormone profiles in non-transformed and AtCKX transgenic centaury (Centaurium erythraea Rafn) shoots and roots in response to salinity stress in vitro. Sci Rep 2021; 11:21471. [PMID: 34728697 PMCID: PMC8563955 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-00866-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant hormones regulate numerous developmental and physiological processes. Abiotic stresses considerably affect production and distribution of phytohormones as the stress signal triggers. The homeostasis of plant hormones is controlled by their de novo synthesis and catabolism. The aim of this work was to analyse the contents of total and individual groups of endogenous cytokinins (CKs) as well as indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) in AtCKX overexpressing centaury plants grown in vitro on graded NaCl concentrations (0, 50, 100, 150, 200 mM). The levels of endogenous stress hormones including abscisic acid (ABA), salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonic acid (JA) were also detected. The elevated contents of total CKs were found in all analysed centaury shoots. Furthermore, increased amounts of all five CK groups, as well as enhanced total CKs were revealed on graded NaCl concentrations in non-transformed and AtCKX roots. All analysed AtCKX centaury lines exhibited decreased amounts of endogenous IAA in shoots and roots. Consequently, the IAA/bioactive CK forms ratios showed a significant variation in the shoots and roots of all AtCKX lines. In shoots and roots of both non-transformed and AtCKX transgenic centaury plants, salinity was associated with an increase of ABA and JA and a decrease of SA content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milana Trifunović-Momčilov
- Department for Plant Physiology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković" - National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, Belgrade, 11060, Serbia.
| | - Václav Motyka
- Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Rozvojová 263, 16502, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Petre I Dobrev
- Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Rozvojová 263, 16502, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Marija Marković
- Department for Plant Physiology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković" - National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, Belgrade, 11060, Serbia
| | - Snežana Milošević
- Department for Plant Physiology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković" - National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, Belgrade, 11060, Serbia
| | - Slađana Jevremović
- Department for Plant Physiology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković" - National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, Belgrade, 11060, Serbia
| | - Ivana Č Dragićević
- Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 16, Belgrade, 11000, Serbia
| | - Angelina Subotić
- Department for Plant Physiology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković" - National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, Belgrade, 11060, Serbia
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Leftley N, Banda J, Pandey B, Bennett M, Voß U. Uncovering How Auxin Optimizes Root Systems Architecture in Response to Environmental Stresses. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2021; 13:a040014. [PMID: 33903159 PMCID: PMC8559545 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a040014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Since colonizing land, plants have developed mechanisms to tolerate a broad range of abiotic stresses that include flooding, drought, high salinity, and nutrient limitation. Roots play a key role acclimating plants to these as their developmental plasticity enables them to grow toward more favorable conditions and away from limiting or harmful stresses. The phytohormone auxin plays a key role translating these environmental signals into developmental outputs. This is achieved by modulating auxin levels and/or signaling, often through cross talk with other hormone signals like abscisic acid (ABA) or ethylene. In our review, we discuss how auxin controls root responses to water, osmotic and nutrient-related stresses, and describe how the synthesis, degradation, transport, and response of this key signaling hormone helps optimize root architecture to maximize resource acquisition while limiting the impact of abiotic stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Leftley
- Plant and Crop Sciences, School of Biosciences, Sutton Bonington Campus, The University of Nottingham, Loughborough LE12 5RD, United Kingdom
| | - Jason Banda
- Plant and Crop Sciences, School of Biosciences, Sutton Bonington Campus, The University of Nottingham, Loughborough LE12 5RD, United Kingdom
| | - Bipin Pandey
- Plant and Crop Sciences, School of Biosciences, Sutton Bonington Campus, The University of Nottingham, Loughborough LE12 5RD, United Kingdom
| | - Malcolm Bennett
- Plant and Crop Sciences, School of Biosciences, Sutton Bonington Campus, The University of Nottingham, Loughborough LE12 5RD, United Kingdom
| | - Ute Voß
- Plant and Crop Sciences, School of Biosciences, Sutton Bonington Campus, The University of Nottingham, Loughborough LE12 5RD, United Kingdom
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Shah FA, Ni J, Tang C, Chen X, Kan W, Wu L. Karrikinolide alleviates salt stress in wheat by regulating the redox and K +/Na + homeostasis. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2021; 167:921-933. [PMID: 34555666 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2021] [Revised: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Karrikinolide (KAR1), identified in biochars, has gained research attention because of its significant role in seed germination, seedling development, root development, and abiotic stresses. However, KAR1 regulation of salt stress in wheat is elusive. This study investigated the physiological mechanism involved in KAR1 alleviation of salt stress in wheat. The results showed KAR1 boosted seed germination percentage under salinity stress via stimulating the relative expression of genes regulating gibberellins biosynthesis and decreasing the expression levels of abscisic acid biosynthesis and signaling genes. As seen in seed germination, exogenous supplementation of KAR1 dramatically mitigated the salt stress also in wheat seedling, resulting in increased root and shoot growth as measured in biomass as compared to salt stress alone. Salt stress significantly induced the endogenous hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde levels, whereas KAR1 strictly counterbalanced them. Under salt stress, KAR1 supplementation showed significant induction in reduced glutathione (GSH) and reduction in oxidized glutathione (GSSG) content, which improved GSH/GSSG ratio in wheat seedlings. Exogenous supplementation of KAR1 significantly promoted the activities of enzymatic antioxidants in wheat seedlings exposed to salt stress. KAR1 induced the relative expression of genes regulating the biosynthesis of antioxidants in wheat seedlings under salinity. Moreover, KAR1 induced the expression level of K+/Na+ homeostasis genes, reduced Na+ concentration, and induced K+ concentration in wheat seedling under salt stress. The results suggest that KAR1 supplementation maintained the redox and K+/Na+ homeostasis in wheat seedling under salinity, which might be a crucial part of physiological mechanisms in KAR1 induced tolerance to salt stress. In conclusion, we exposed the protective role of KAR1 against salt stress in wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faheem Afzal Shah
- Key Laboratory of the High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, PR China
| | - Jun Ni
- Key Laboratory of the High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, PR China
| | - Caiguo Tang
- Key Laboratory of the High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, PR China
| | - Xue Chen
- Key Laboratory of the High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, PR China
| | - Wenjie Kan
- Key Laboratory of the High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, PR China
| | - Lifang Wu
- Key Laboratory of the High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, PR China; Zhongke Hefei Intelligent Agricultural Valley Co., Ltd, Hefei, PR China.
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31
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Ninmanont P, Wongchai C, Pfeiffer W, Chaidee A. Salt stress of two rice varieties: root border cell response and multi-logistic quantification. PROTOPLASMA 2021; 258:1119-1131. [PMID: 33677735 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-021-01629-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
How to capture the rice varieties salt stress sensitivity? Here, we measure responses of root border cells (1 day, ± 60 mM NaCl) and apply multi-logistic quantification of growth variables (21 days, ± 60 mM NaCl) to two rice varieties, salt-sensitive IR29 and tolerant Pokkali. Thus, logistic models determine the maximum response velocities (Vmax) and times of half-maximum (T0) for root border cell (RBC) and growth parameters. Thereof, seven variables show logistic models (0.58 < R ≤ 1) and monotonous responses in both Pokkali and IR29: root to shoot ratio by water content, primary root length, shoot water, adventitious root number, shoot dry and fresh weight, and root dry weight. Moreover, the regression to lognormal distribution (R = 0.99) of these seven Vmax fractionated by T0 represents the rice variety's comprehensive response. Its quotient IR29/Pokkali is peaking at 98-fold higher velocity of IR29, thus capturing the variety's sensitivity. Consequently, our finding of 66-fold higher Vmax of primary root length response of IR29 indicates an essential salt sensor in the root, including RBC. Finally, the effects of salt stress on RBC confirm multi-logistic quantification, showing 36% decrease of RBC mucilage layer in IR29, without change in Pokkali. Inversely, RBC number of Pokkali increases 43% without change in IR29. Briefly, this suggests both RBC and multi-logistic quantification for the screening for salt tolerance in two thousand rice varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ployphilin Ninmanont
- Center of Excellence in Environment and Plant Physiology, Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Chatchawal Wongchai
- Division of Biology, School of Science, University of Phayao, Phayao, 56000, Thailand
| | - Wolfgang Pfeiffer
- Fachbereich Biowissenschaften, Universität Salzburg, 5020, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Anchalee Chaidee
- Center of Excellence in Environment and Plant Physiology, Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
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Smolko A, Bauer N, Pavlović I, Pěnčík A, Novák O, Salopek-Sondi B. Altered Root Growth, Auxin Metabolism and Distribution in Arabidopsis thaliana Exposed to Salt and Osmotic Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22157993. [PMID: 34360759 PMCID: PMC8348202 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22157993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Salt and osmotic stress are the main abiotic stress factors affecting plant root growth and architecture. We investigated the effect of salt (100 mM NaCl) and osmotic (200 mM mannitol) stress on the auxin metabolome by UHPLC-MS/MS, auxin distribution by confocal microscopy, and transcript levels of selected genes by qRT-PCR in Arabidopsis thaliana ecotype Columbia-0 (Col-0) and DR5rev::GFP (DR5) line. During long-term stress (13 days), a stability of the auxin metabolome and a tendency to increase indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) were observed, especially during salt stress. Short-term stress (3 h) caused significant changes in the auxin metabolome, especially NaCl treatment resulted in a significant reduction of IAA. The data derived from auxin profiling were consistent with gene expressions showing the most striking changes in the transcripts of YUC, GH3, and UGT transcripts, suggesting disruption of auxin biosynthesis, but especially in the processes of amide and ester conjugation. These data were consistent with the auxin distribution observed in the DR5 line. Moreover, NaCl treatment caused a redistribution of auxin signals from the quiescent center and the inner layers of the root cap to the epidermal and cortical cells of the root elongation zone. The distribution of PIN proteins was also disrupted by salt stress; in particular, PIN2 was suppressed, even after 5 min of treatment. Based on our results, the DR5 line was more sensitive to the applied stresses than Col-0, although both lines showed similar trends in root morphology, as well as transcriptome and metabolome parameters under stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Smolko
- Department for Molecular Biology, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička Cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (A.S.); (I.P.)
| | - Nataša Bauer
- Department for Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Horvatovac 102, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Iva Pavlović
- Department for Molecular Biology, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička Cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (A.S.); (I.P.)
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Faculty of Science of Palacký University & Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic; (A.P.); (O.N.)
| | - Aleš Pěnčík
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Faculty of Science of Palacký University & Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic; (A.P.); (O.N.)
| | - Ondřej Novák
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Faculty of Science of Palacký University & Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic; (A.P.); (O.N.)
| | - Branka Salopek-Sondi
- Department for Molecular Biology, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička Cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (A.S.); (I.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +385-1-4561-143
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Quamruzzaman M, Manik SMN, Shabala S, Zhou M. Improving Performance of Salt-Grown Crops by Exogenous Application of Plant Growth Regulators. Biomolecules 2021; 11:788. [PMID: 34073871 PMCID: PMC8225067 DOI: 10.3390/biom11060788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Soil salinity is one of the major abiotic stresses restricting plant growth and development. Application of plant growth regulators (PGRs) is a possible practical means for minimizing salinity-induced yield losses, and can be used in addition to or as an alternative to crop breeding for enhancing salinity tolerance. The PGRs auxin, cytokinin, nitric oxide, brassinosteroid, gibberellin, salicylic acid, abscisic acid, jasmonate, and ethylene have been advocated for practical use to improve crop performance and yield under saline conditions. This review summarizes the current knowledge of the effectiveness of various PGRs in ameliorating the detrimental effects of salinity on plant growth and development, and elucidates the physiological and genetic mechanisms underlying this process by linking PGRs with their downstream targets and signal transduction pathways. It is shown that, while each of these PGRs possesses an ability to alter plant ionic and redox homeostasis, the complexity of interactions between various PGRs and their involvement in numerous signaling pathways makes it difficult to establish an unequivocal causal link between PGRs and their downstream effectors mediating plants' adaptation to salinity. The beneficial effects of PGRs are also strongly dependent on genotype, the timing of application, and the concentration used. The action spectrum of PGRs is also strongly dependent on salinity levels. Taken together, this results in a rather narrow "window" in which the beneficial effects of PGR are observed, hence limiting their practical application (especially under field conditions). It is concluded that, in the light of the above complexity, and also in the context of the cost-benefit analysis, crop breeding for salinity tolerance remains a more reliable avenue for minimizing the impact of salinity on plant growth and yield. Further progress in the field requires more studies on the underlying cell-based mechanisms of interaction between PGRs and membrane transporters mediating plant ion homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Quamruzzaman
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Prospect 7250, Australia; (M.Q.); (S.M.N.M.); (S.S.)
| | - S. M. Nuruzzaman Manik
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Prospect 7250, Australia; (M.Q.); (S.M.N.M.); (S.S.)
| | - Sergey Shabala
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Prospect 7250, Australia; (M.Q.); (S.M.N.M.); (S.S.)
- International Research Centre for Environmental Membrane Biology, Foshan University, Foshan 528000, China
| | - Meixue Zhou
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Prospect 7250, Australia; (M.Q.); (S.M.N.M.); (S.S.)
- College of Agronomy, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China
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Comprehensive Analysis and Expression Profiling of PIN, AUX/LAX, and ABCB Auxin Transporter Gene Families in Solanum tuberosum under Phytohormone Stimuli and Abiotic Stresses. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10020127. [PMID: 33562678 PMCID: PMC7915614 DOI: 10.3390/biology10020127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary In this study, we provide comprehensive information on auxin transporter gene families in potato, including basic parameters, chromosomal distribution, phylogeny, co-expression network analysis, gene structure, tissue-specific expression patterns, subcellular localization, transcription analysis under exogenous hormone stimuli and abiotic stresses, and cis-regulatory element prediction. The responsiveness of auxin transporter family genes to auxin and polar auxin transport inhibitors implied their possible roles in auxin homoeostasis and redistribution. Additionally, the differential expression levels of auxin transporter family genes in response to abscisic acid and abiotic stresses suggested their specific adaptive mechanisms on tolerance to various environmental stimuli. Promoter cis-regulatory element description analyses indicated that a number of cis-regulatory elements within the promoters of auxin transporter genes in potato were targeted by relevant transcription factors to respond to diverse stresses. We are confident that our results provide a foundation for a better understanding of auxin transporters in potato, as we have demonstrated the biological significance of this family of genes in hormone signaling and adaption to environmental stresses. Abstract Auxin is the only plant hormone that exhibits transport polarity mediated by three families: auxin resistant (AUX) 1/like AUX1 (LAX) influx carriers, pin-formed (PIN) efflux carriers, and ATP-binding cassette B (ABCB) influx/efflux carriers. Extensive studies about the biological functions of auxin transporter genes have been reported in model plants. Information regarding these genes in potato remains scarce. Here, we conducted a comprehensive analysis of auxin transporter gene families in potato to examine genomic distributions, phylogeny, co-expression analysis, gene structure and subcellular localization, and expression profiling using bioinformatics tools and qRT-PCR analysis. From these analyses, 5 StLAXs, 10 StPINs, and 22 StABCBs were identified in the potato genome and distributed in 10 of 18 gene modules correlating to the development of various tissues. Transient expression experiments indicated that three representative auxin transporters showed plasma membrane localizations. The responsiveness to auxin and auxin transport inhibitors implied their possible roles in mediating intercellular auxin homoeostasis and redistribution. The differential expression under abscisic acid and abiotic stresses indicated their specific adaptive mechanisms regulating tolerance to environmental stimuli. A large number of auxin-responsive and stress-related cis-elements within their promoters could account for their responsiveness to diverse stresses. Our study aimed to understand the biological significance of potato auxin transporters in hormone signaling and tolerance to environmental stresses.
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Ruffing AM, Anthony SM, Strickland LM, Lubkin I, Dietz CR. Identification of Metal Stresses in Arabidopsis thaliana Using Hyperspectral Reflectance Imaging. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:624656. [PMID: 33664759 PMCID: PMC7921809 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.624656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Industrial accidents, such as the Fukushima and Chernobyl disasters, release harmful chemicals into the environment, covering large geographical areas. Natural flora may serve as biological sensors for detecting metal contamination, such as cesium. Spectral detection of plant stresses typically employs a few select wavelengths and often cannot distinguish between different stress phenotypes. In this study, we apply hyperspectral reflectance imaging in the visible and near-infrared along with multivariate curve resolution (MCR) analysis to identify unique spectral signatures of three stresses in Arabidopsis thaliana: salt, copper, and cesium. While all stress conditions result in common stress physiology, hyperspectral reflectance imaging and MCR analysis produced unique spectral signatures that enabled classification of each stress. As the level of potassium was previously shown to affect cesium stress in plants, the response of A. thaliana to cesium stress under variable levels of potassium was also investigated. Increased levels of potassium reduced the spectral response of A. thaliana to cesium and prevented changes to chloroplast cellular organization. While metal stress mechanisms may vary under different environmental conditions, this study demonstrates that hyperspectral reflectance imaging with MCR analysis can distinguish metal stress phenotypes, providing the potential to detect metal contamination across large geographical areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne M. Ruffing
- Department of Molecular and Microbiology, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM, United States
- *Correspondence: Anne M. Ruffing,
| | - Stephen M. Anthony
- Department of Computational Biology and Biophysics, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Lucas M. Strickland
- Department of Molecular and Microbiology, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Ian Lubkin
- Department of Molecular and Microbiology, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Carter R. Dietz
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM, United States
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López-Ruiz BA, Zluhan-Martínez E, Sánchez MDLP, Álvarez-Buylla ER, Garay-Arroyo A. Interplay between Hormones and Several Abiotic Stress Conditions on Arabidopsis thaliana Primary Root Development. Cells 2020; 9:E2576. [PMID: 33271980 PMCID: PMC7759812 DOI: 10.3390/cells9122576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
As sessile organisms, plants must adjust their growth to withstand several environmental conditions. The root is a crucial organ for plant survival as it is responsible for water and nutrient acquisition from the soil and has high phenotypic plasticity in response to a lack or excess of them. How plants sense and transduce their external conditions to achieve development, is still a matter of investigation and hormones play fundamental roles. Hormones are small molecules essential for plant growth and their function is modulated in response to stress environmental conditions and internal cues to adjust plant development. This review was motivated by the need to explore how Arabidopsis thaliana primary root differentially sense and transduce external conditions to modify its development and how hormone-mediated pathways contribute to achieve it. To accomplish this, we discuss available data of primary root growth phenotype under several hormone loss or gain of function mutants or exogenous application of compounds that affect hormone concentration in several abiotic stress conditions. This review shows how different hormones could promote or inhibit primary root development in A. thaliana depending on their growth in several environmental conditions. Interestingly, the only hormone that always acts as a promoter of primary root development is gibberellins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenda Anabel López-Ruiz
- Laboratorio de Genética Molecular, Desarrollo y Evolución de Plantas, Departamento de Ecología Funcional, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, Mexico City 04510, Mexico; (B.A.L.-R.); (E.Z.-M.); (M.d.l.P.S.); (E.R.Á.-B.)
| | - Estephania Zluhan-Martínez
- Laboratorio de Genética Molecular, Desarrollo y Evolución de Plantas, Departamento de Ecología Funcional, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, Mexico City 04510, Mexico; (B.A.L.-R.); (E.Z.-M.); (M.d.l.P.S.); (E.R.Á.-B.)
| | - María de la Paz Sánchez
- Laboratorio de Genética Molecular, Desarrollo y Evolución de Plantas, Departamento de Ecología Funcional, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, Mexico City 04510, Mexico; (B.A.L.-R.); (E.Z.-M.); (M.d.l.P.S.); (E.R.Á.-B.)
| | - Elena R. Álvarez-Buylla
- Laboratorio de Genética Molecular, Desarrollo y Evolución de Plantas, Departamento de Ecología Funcional, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, Mexico City 04510, Mexico; (B.A.L.-R.); (E.Z.-M.); (M.d.l.P.S.); (E.R.Á.-B.)
- Centro de Ciencias de la Complejidad, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | - Adriana Garay-Arroyo
- Laboratorio de Genética Molecular, Desarrollo y Evolución de Plantas, Departamento de Ecología Funcional, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, Mexico City 04510, Mexico; (B.A.L.-R.); (E.Z.-M.); (M.d.l.P.S.); (E.R.Á.-B.)
- Centro de Ciencias de la Complejidad, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
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Oljira AM, Hussain T, Waghmode TR, Zhao H, Sun H, Liu X, Wang X, Liu B. Trichoderma Enhances Net Photosynthesis, Water Use Efficiency, and Growth of Wheat ( Triticum aestivum L .) under Salt Stress. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8101565. [PMID: 33050658 PMCID: PMC7601918 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8101565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Soil salinity is one of the most important abiotic stresses limiting plant growth and productivity. The breeding of salt-tolerant wheat cultivars has substantially relieved the adverse effects of salt stress. Complementing these cultivars with growth-promoting microbes has the potential to stimulate and further enhance their salt tolerance. In this study, two fungal isolates, Th4 and Th6, and one bacterial isolate, C7, were isolated. The phylogenetic analyses suggested that these isolates were closely related to Trichoderma yunnanense, Trichoderma afroharzianum, and Bacillus licheniformis, respectively. These isolates produced indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) under salt stress (200 mM). The abilities of these isolates to enhance salt tolerance were investigated by seed coatings on salt-sensitive and salt-tolerant wheat cultivars. Salt stress (S), cultivar (C), and microbial treatment (M) significantly affected water use efficiency. The interaction effect of M x S significantly correlated with all photosynthetic parameters investigated. Treatments with Trichoderma isolates enhanced net photosynthesis, water use efficiency and biomass production. Principal component analysis revealed that the influences of microbial isolates on the photosynthetic parameters of the different wheat cultivars differed substantially. This study illustrated that Trichoderma isolates enhance the growth of wheat under salt stress and demonstrated the potential of using these isolates as plant biostimulants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abraham Mulu Oljira
- Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resources, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050021, China; (A.M.O.); (T.H.); (T.R.W.); (H.Z.); (H.S.); (X.L.); (X.W.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Tabassum Hussain
- Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resources, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050021, China; (A.M.O.); (T.H.); (T.R.W.); (H.Z.); (H.S.); (X.L.); (X.W.)
- Institute of Sustainable Halophyte Utilization, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Tatoba R. Waghmode
- Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resources, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050021, China; (A.M.O.); (T.H.); (T.R.W.); (H.Z.); (H.S.); (X.L.); (X.W.)
| | - Huicheng Zhao
- Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resources, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050021, China; (A.M.O.); (T.H.); (T.R.W.); (H.Z.); (H.S.); (X.L.); (X.W.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Hongyong Sun
- Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resources, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050021, China; (A.M.O.); (T.H.); (T.R.W.); (H.Z.); (H.S.); (X.L.); (X.W.)
| | - Xiaojing Liu
- Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resources, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050021, China; (A.M.O.); (T.H.); (T.R.W.); (H.Z.); (H.S.); (X.L.); (X.W.)
| | - Xinzhen Wang
- Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resources, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050021, China; (A.M.O.); (T.H.); (T.R.W.); (H.Z.); (H.S.); (X.L.); (X.W.)
| | - Binbin Liu
- Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resources, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050021, China; (A.M.O.); (T.H.); (T.R.W.); (H.Z.); (H.S.); (X.L.); (X.W.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-31185817713; Fax: +86-31185815093
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Chlorophyll Fluorescence Parameters and Antioxidant Defense System Can Display Salt Tolerance of Salt Acclimated Sweet Pepper Plants Treated with Chitosan and Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria. AGRONOMY-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/agronomy10081180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Salinity stress deleteriously affects the growth and yield of many plants. Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) and chitosan both play an important role in combating salinity stress and improving plant growth under adverse environmental conditions. The present study aimed to evaluate the impacts of PGPR and chitosan on the growth of sweet pepper plant grown under different salinity regimes. For this purpose, two pot experiments were conducted in 2019 and 2020 to evaluate the role of PGPR (Bacillus thuringiensis MH161336 106–8 CFU/cm3) applied as seed treatment and foliar application of chitosan (30 mg dm−3) on sweet pepper plants (cv. Yolo Wonder) under two salinity concentrations (34 and 68 mM). Our findings revealed that, the chlorophyll fluorescence parameter (Fv/Fm ratio), chlorophyll a and b concentrations, relative water content (RWC), and fruit yield characters were negatively affected and significantly reduced under salinity conditions. The higher concentration was more harmful. Nevertheless, electrolyte leakage, lipid peroxidation, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and superoxide (O2−) significantly increased in stressed plants. However, the application of B. thuringiensis and chitosan led to improved plant growth and resulted in a significant increase in RWC, chlorophyll content, chlorophyll fluorescence parameter (Fv/Fm ratio), and fruit yield. Conversely, lipid peroxidation, electrolyte leakage, O2−, and H2O2 were significantly reduced in stressed plants. Also, B. thuringiensis and chitosan application regulated the proline accumulation and enzyme activity, as well as increased the number of fruit plant−1, fruit fresh weight plant−1, and total fruit yield of sweet pepper grown under saline conditions.
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Wang R, Wang X, Liu K, Zhang XJ, Zhang LY, Fan SJ. Comparative Transcriptome Analysis of Halophyte Zoysia macrostachya in Response to Salinity Stress. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 9:E458. [PMID: 32260413 PMCID: PMC7238138 DOI: 10.3390/plants9040458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
As one of the most severe environmental stresses, salt stress can cause a series of changes in plants. In salt tolerant plant Zoysia macrostachya, germination, physiology, and genetic variation under salinity have been studied previously, and the morphology and distribution of salt glands have been clarified. However, no study has investigated the transcriptome of such species under salt stress. In the present study, we compared transcriptome of Z. macrostachya under normal conditions and salt stress (300 mmol/L NaCl, 24 h) aimed to identify transcriptome responses and molecular mechanisms under salt stress in Z. macrostachya. A total of 8703 differently expressed genes (DEGs) were identified, including 4903 up-regulated and 3800 down-regulated ones. Moreover, a series of molecular processes were identified by Gene Ontology (GO) analysis, and these processes were suggested to be closely related to salt tolerance in Z. macrostachya. The identified DEGs concentrated on regulating plant growth via plant hormone signal transduction, maintaining ion homeostasis via salt secretion and osmoregulatory substance accumulation and preventing oxidative damage via increasing the activity of ROS (reactive oxygen species) scavenging system. These changes may be the most important responses of Z. macrostachya under salt stress. Some key genes related to salt stress were identified meanwhile. Collectively, our findings provided valuable insights into the molecular mechanisms and genetic underpinnings of salt tolerance in Z. macrostachya.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Luo-Yan Zhang
- Key Lab of Plant Stress Research, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China; (R.W.); (X.W.); (K.L.); (X.-J.Z.)
| | - Shou-Jin Fan
- Key Lab of Plant Stress Research, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China; (R.W.); (X.W.); (K.L.); (X.-J.Z.)
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Abdel Motaleb NA, Abd Elhady SA, Ghoname AA. AMF and Bacillus megaterium Neutralize the Harmful Effects of Salt Stress On Bean Plants. GESUNDE PFLANZEN 2020; 72:29-39. [DOI: 10.1007/s10343-019-00480-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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Bahmani R, Kim D, Modareszadeh M, Thompson AJ, Park JH, Yoo HH, Hwang S. The mechanism of root growth inhibition by the endocrine disruptor bisphenol A (BPA). ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 257:113516. [PMID: 31733969 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) is a harmful environmental contaminant acting as an endocrine disruptor in animals, but it also affects growth and development in plants. Here, we have elucidated the functional mechanism of root growth inhibition by BPA in Arabidopsis thaliana using mutants, reporter lines and a pharmacological approach. In response to 10 ppm BPA, fresh weight and main root length were reduced, while auxin levels increased. BPA inhibited root growth by reducing root cell length in the elongation zone by suppressing expansin expression and by decreasing the length of the meristem zone by repressing cell division. The inhibition of cell elongation and cell division was attributed to the enhanced accumulation/redistribution of auxin in the elongation zone and meristem zone in response to BPA. Correspondingly, the expressions of most auxin biosynthesis and transporter genes were enhanced in roots by BPA. Taken together, it is assumed that the endocrine disruptor BPA inhibits primary root growth by inhibiting cell elongation and division through auxin accumulation/redistribution in Arabidopsis. This study will contribute to understanding how BPA affects growth and development in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramin Bahmani
- Department of Molecular Biology, Sejong University, Seoul, 143-747, South Korea; Department of Bioindustry and Bioresource Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul, 143-747, South Korea; The Plant Engineering Research Institute, Sejong University, Seoul, 143-747, South Korea
| | - DongGwan Kim
- Department of Molecular Biology, Sejong University, Seoul, 143-747, South Korea; Department of Bioindustry and Bioresource Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul, 143-747, South Korea; The Plant Engineering Research Institute, Sejong University, Seoul, 143-747, South Korea
| | - Mahsa Modareszadeh
- Department of Molecular Biology, Sejong University, Seoul, 143-747, South Korea; Department of Bioindustry and Bioresource Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul, 143-747, South Korea; The Plant Engineering Research Institute, Sejong University, Seoul, 143-747, South Korea
| | - Andrew J Thompson
- Cranfield Soil and Agrifood Institute, Cranfield University, Cranfield, Bedfordshire, MK43 0AL, UK
| | - Jeong Hoon Park
- College of Pharmacy, Hanyang University, Ansan, Gyeonggi-do 15588, South Korea
| | - Hye Hyun Yoo
- College of Pharmacy, Hanyang University, Ansan, Gyeonggi-do 15588, South Korea
| | - Seongbin Hwang
- Department of Molecular Biology, Sejong University, Seoul, 143-747, South Korea; Department of Bioindustry and Bioresource Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul, 143-747, South Korea; The Plant Engineering Research Institute, Sejong University, Seoul, 143-747, South Korea.
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Tiwari P, Bajpai M, Singh LK, Mishra S, Yadav AN. Phytohormones Producing Fungal Communities: Metabolic Engineering for Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Crops. Fungal Biol 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-45971-0_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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43
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Arif MR, Islam MT, Robin AHK. Salinity Stress Alters Root Morphology and Root Hair Traits in Brassica napus. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 8:E192. [PMID: 31252515 PMCID: PMC6681291 DOI: 10.3390/plants8070192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Revised: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Plant roots show morphological plasticity and play a substantial role in tolerance to various edaphic stresses. The aim of this study was to explore salinity-induced morphogenic responses of root traits and root hairs of two rapeseed varieties, BARI Sarisha-8 and Binasarisha-5, at the reproductive stage and perceive the effects on their reproductive growth. The experiment was conducted in a hydroponic culture. Two treatments, 0 mM NaCl as control and 100 mM NaCl, were imposed 55 d after germination. Plants exposed to 100 mM NaCl for seven days displayed greater damage in the leaves, flowers, and siliquae compared to control. Length of root hairs on first-order and third-order lateral roots, density of root hairs on first-order lateral roots, and length of third-order lateral roots were significantly greater by 91%, 22%, 29%, and 48%, respectively, in the treated condition compared to the control. An increase in estimated root surface area by 20% under salt stress conditions indicated that the spontaneous responses of plants to uptake more water and nutrients allowed a plant to cope with stressful conditions. The results of this study suggest that any future stress breeding programs should consider plasticity of root traits intensively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Rashid Arif
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 02202, Bangladesh
| | - M Thoihidul Islam
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 02202, Bangladesh
| | - Arif Hasan Khan Robin
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 02202, Bangladesh.
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Mukherjee R, Mukherjee A, Bandyopadhyay S, Mukherjee S, Sengupta S, Ray S, Majumder AL. Selective manipulation of the inositol metabolic pathway for induction of salt-tolerance in indica rice variety. Sci Rep 2019; 9:5358. [PMID: 30926863 PMCID: PMC6441109 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-41809-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Halophytes are rich sources of salt stress tolerance genes which have often been utilized for introduction of salt-tolerance character in salt-sensitive plants. In the present study, we overexpressed PcINO1 and PcIMT1 gene(s), earlier characterized in this laboratory from wild halophytic rice Porteresia coarctata, into IR64 indica rice either singly or in combination and assessed their role in conferring salt-tolerance. Homozygous T3/T4 transgenic plants revealed that PcINO1 transformed transgenic rice lines exhibit significantly higher tolerance upto 200 mM or higher salt concentration with negligible compromise in their growth or other physiological parameters compared to the untransformed system grown without stress. The PcIMT1-lines or the double transgenic lines (DC1) having PcINO1 and PcIMT1 introgressed together, were less efficient in such respect. Comparison of inositol and/or pinitol pool in three types of transgenic plants suggests that plants whose inositol production remains uninterrupted under stress by the functional PcINO1 protein, showed normal growth as in the wild-type plants without stress. It is conceivable that inositol itself acts as a stress-ameliorator and/or as a switch for a number of other pathways important for imparting salt-tolerance. Such selective manipulation of the inositol metabolic pathway may be one of the ways to combat salt stress in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Sritama Mukherjee
- Division of Plant Biology, Bose Institute, Kolkata, India.,Department of Botany, Bethune College, Kolkata, India
| | - Sonali Sengupta
- Division of Plant Biology, Bose Institute, Kolkata, India.,School of Plant Environment and Soil Sciences, Lousiana State University Agricultural Center, Lousiana, USA
| | - Sudipta Ray
- Division of Plant Biology, Bose Institute, Kolkata, India.,Department of Botany, Centre of Advanced Studies, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India
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Yu J, Niu L, Yu J, Liao W, Xie J, Lv J, Feng Z, Hu L, Dawuda MM. The Involvement of Ethylene in Calcium-Induced Adventitious Root Formation in Cucumber under Salt Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E1047. [PMID: 30823363 PMCID: PMC6429442 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20051047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Revised: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcium and ethylene are essential in plant growth and development. In this study, we investigated the effects of calcium and ethylene on adventitious root formation in cucumber explants under salt stress. The results revealed that 10 μM calcium chloride (CaCl₂) or 0.1 μM ethrel (ethylene donor) treatment have a maximum biological effect on promoting the adventitious rooting in cucumber under salt stress. Meanwhile, we investigated that removal of ethylene suppressed calcium ion (Ca2+)-induced the formation of adventitious root under salt stress indicated that ethylene participates in this process. Moreover, the application of Ca2+ promoted the activities of 1-aminocyclopropane-l-carboxylic acid synthase (ACS) and ACC Oxidase (ACO), as well as the production of 1-aminocyclopropane-l-carboxylic acid (ACC) and ethylene under salt stress. Furthermore, we discovered that Ca2+ greatly up-regulated the expression level of CsACS3, CsACO1 and CsACO2 under salt stress. Meanwhile, Ca2+ significantly down-regulated CsETR1, CsETR2, CsERS, and CsCTR1, but positively up-regulated the expression of CsEIN2 and CsEIN3 under salt stress; however, the application of Ca2+ chelators or channel inhibitors could obviously reverse the effects of Ca2+ on the expression of the above genes. These results indicated that Ca2+ played a vital role in promoting the adventitious root development in cucumber under salt stress through regulating endogenous ethylene synthesis and activating the ethylene signal transduction pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Yu
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China.
| | - Lijuan Niu
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China.
| | - Jihua Yu
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China.
| | - Weibiao Liao
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China.
| | - Jianming Xie
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China.
| | - Jian Lv
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China.
| | - Zhi Feng
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China.
| | - Linli Hu
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China.
| | - Mohammed Mujitaba Dawuda
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China.
- Horticulture Department, FoA University For Development Studies, Box TL 1350 Tamale, Ghana.
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Lu C, Chen MX, Liu R, Zhang L, Hou X, Liu S, Ding X, Jiang Y, Xu J, Zhang J, Zhao X, Liu YG. Abscisic Acid Regulates Auxin Distribution to Mediate Maize Lateral Root Development Under Salt Stress. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:716. [PMID: 31231407 PMCID: PMC6560076 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Roots are important plant organs. Lateral root (LR) initiation (LRI) and development play a central role in environmental adaptation. The mechanism of LR development has been well investigated in Arabidopsis. When we evaluated the distribution of auxin and abscisic acid (ABA) in maize, we found that the mechanism differed from that in Arabidopsis. The distribution of ABA and auxin within the primary roots (PRs) and LRs was independent of each other. Auxin localization was observed below the quiescent center of the root tips, while ABA localized at the top of the quiescent center. Furthermore, NaCl inhibited LRI by increasing ABA accumulation, which mainly regulates auxin distribution, while auxin biosynthesis was inhibited by ABA in Arabidopsis. The polar localization of ZmPIN1 in maize was disrupted by NaCl and exogenous ABA. An inhibitor of ABA biosynthesis, fluridone (FLU), and the ABA biosynthesis mutant vp14 rescued the phenotype under NaCl treatment. Together, all the evidence suggested that NaCl promoted ABA accumulation in LRs and that ABA altered the polar localization of ZmPIN1, disrupted the distribution of auxin and inhibited LRI and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chongchong Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
| | - Mo-Xian Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
- Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Shatin, Hong Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Rui Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Department of Agronomy, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Xuanxuan Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
| | - Shouxu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
| | - Xinhua Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
| | - Yong Jiang
- National Oceanography Centre, Qingdao, China
| | - Jiandi Xu
- Rice Research Institute, Shandong Agricultural Research Institute, Jinan, China
| | - Jianhua Zhang
- Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Shatin, Hong Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Xiangyu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
| | - Ying-Gao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
- *Correspondence: Ying-Gao Liu, ;
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Fu Y, Yang Y, Chen S, Ning N, Hu H. Arabidopsis IAR4 Modulates Primary Root Growth Under Salt Stress Through ROS-Mediated Modulation of Auxin Distribution. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:522. [PMID: 31105724 PMCID: PMC6494962 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
High salinity is one of the major environmental stresses that plants encounter. Roots are the initial and direct organs to perceive the signal. However, how plant roots perceive and respond to salinity at the molecular and physiological levels is still poorly understood. Here, we report that IAA-CONJUGATE-RESISTANT 4 (IAR4) plays a key role in primary root growth under salt stress conditions. Mutation of IAR4 led to increased sensitivity to salt stress conditions, with strongly inhibited primary root growth and reduced survival rate in two iar4 mutant alleles. iar4 mutants accumulated greater Na+ and exhibited a greater Na+/K+ ratio under NaCl treatment. In addition, more reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulated in the iar4 mutants due to reduced ROS scavenging. NaCl treatment greatly suppressed the expression levels of ProPIN1:PIN1-GFP, ProPIN2:PIN2-GFP, ProPIN3:PIN3-GFP, and ProDR5:GFP, and suppressed root meristem activity in iar4. GSH or auxin treatment greatly recovered the PIN expression, auxin distribution and primary root growth in the iar4 mutants, suggesting ROS is a vital mediator between salt stress and auxin response. Our data support a model in which IAR4 integrates ROS and auxin pathways to modulate primary root growth under salinity stress conditions, by regulation of PIN-mediated auxin transport.
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Adavi SB, Sathee L. Elevated CO 2-induced production of nitric oxide differentially modulates nitrate assimilation and root growth of wheat seedlings in a nitrate dose-dependent manner. PROTOPLASMA 2019; 256:147-159. [PMID: 30032354 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-018-1285-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Wheat is a major staple food crop worldwide contributing approximately 20% of total protein consumed by mankind. The nitrogen and protein concentration of wheat crop and grain often decline as a result of exposure of the crop to elevated CO2 (EC). The changes in nitrogen (N) assimilation, root system architecture, and nitric oxide (NO)-mediated N signaling and expression of genes involved in N assimilation and high affinity nitrate uptake were examined in response to different nitrate levels and EC in wheat. Activity of enzyme nitrate reductase (NRA) was downregulated under EC both in leaf and root tissues. Plants grown under EC displayed enhanced production of NO and more so when nitrate supply was high. Based on exogenous supply of NO, inhibitors of NO production, and NO scavenger, regulatory role of NO on EC mediated changes in root morphology and NRA was revealed. The enhanced NO production under EC and high N levels negatively regulated the transcript abundance of NR and high affinity nitrate transporters (HATS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep B Adavi
- Division of Plant Physiology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Lekshmy Sathee
- Division of Plant Physiology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India.
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Shukla PS, Borza T, Critchley AT, Hiltz D, Norrie J, Prithiviraj B. Ascophyllum nodosum extract mitigates salinity stress in Arabidopsis thaliana by modulating the expression of miRNA involved in stress tolerance and nutrient acquisition. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0206221. [PMID: 30372454 PMCID: PMC6205635 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0206221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Ascophyllum nodosum extract (ANE) contains bioactive compounds that improve the growth of Arabidopsis in experimentally-induced saline conditions; however, the molecular mechanisms through which ANE elicits tolerance to salinity remain largely unexplored. Micro RNAs (miRNAs) are key regulators of gene expression, playing crucial roles in plant growth, development, and stress tolerance. Next generation sequencing of miRNAs from leaves of control Arabidopsis and from plants subjected to three treatments (ANE, NaCl and ANE+NaCl) was used to identify ANE-responsive miRNA in the absence and presence of saline conditions. Differential gene expression analysis revealed that ANE had a strong effect on miRNAs expression in both conditions. In the presence of salinity, ANE tended to reduce the up-regulation or the down-regulation trend induced caused by NaCl in miRNAs such as ath-miR396a-5p, ath-miR399, ath-miR2111b and ath-miR827. To further uncover the effects of ANE, the expression of several target genes of a number of ANE-responsive miRNAs was analyzed by qPCR. NaCl, but not ANE, down-regulated miR396a-5p, which negatively regulated the expression of AtGRF7 leading to a higher expression of AtDREB2a and AtRD29 in the presence of ANE+NaCl, as compared to ANE alone. ANE+NaCl initially reduced and then enhanced the expression of ath-miR169g-5p, while the expression of the target genes AtNFYA1 and ATNFYA2, known to be involved in the salinity tolerance mechanism, was increased as compared to ANE or to NaCl treatments. ANE and ANE+NaCl modified the expression of ath-miR399, ath-miR827, ath-miR2111b, and their target genes AtUBC24, AtWAK2, AtSYG1 and At3g27150, suggesting a role of ANE in phosphate homeostasis. In vivo and in vitro experiments confirmed the improved growth of Arabidopsis in presence of ANE, in saline conditions and in phosphate-deprived medium, further substantiating the influence of ANE on a variety of essential physiological processes in Arabidopsis including salinity tolerance and phosphate uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pushp Sheel Shukla
- Marine Bio-products Research Laboratory, Dalhousie University, Department of Plant, Food and Environmental Sciences, Truro, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Tudor Borza
- Marine Bio-products Research Laboratory, Dalhousie University, Department of Plant, Food and Environmental Sciences, Truro, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Alan T. Critchley
- Research and Development, Acadian Seaplants Limited, Dartmouth, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - David Hiltz
- Research and Development, Acadian Seaplants Limited, Dartmouth, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Jeff Norrie
- Research and Development, Acadian Seaplants Limited, Dartmouth, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Balakrishnan Prithiviraj
- Marine Bio-products Research Laboratory, Dalhousie University, Department of Plant, Food and Environmental Sciences, Truro, Nova Scotia, Canada
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Kallala N, M'sehli W, Jelali K, Kais Z, Mhadhbi H. Inoculation with Efficient Nitrogen Fixing and Indoleacetic Acid Producing Bacterial Microsymbiont Enhance Tolerance of the Model Legume Medicago truncatula to Iron Deficiency. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:9134716. [PMID: 30406145 PMCID: PMC6201330 DOI: 10.1155/2018/9134716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the effect of symbiotic bacteria inoculation on the response of Medicago truncatula genotypes to iron deficiency. The present work was conducted on three Medicago truncatula genotypes: A17, TN8.20, and TN1.11. Three treatments were performed: control (C), direct Fe deficiency (DD), and induced Fe deficiency by bicarbonate (ID). Plants were nitrogen-fertilized (T) or inoculated with two bacterial strains: Sinorhizobium meliloti TII7 and Sinorhizobium medicae SII4. Biometric, physiological, and biochemical parameters were analyzed. Iron deficiency had a significant lowering effect on plant biomass and chlorophyll content in all Medicago truncatula genotypes. TN1.11 showed the highest lipid peroxidation and leakage of electrolyte under iron deficiency conditions, which suggest that TN1.11 was more affected than A17 and TN8.20 by Fe starvation. Iron deficiency affected symbiotic performance indices of all Medicago truncatula genotypes inoculated with both Sinorhizobium strains, mainly nodules number and biomass as well as nitrogen-fixing capacity. Nevertheless, inoculation with Sinorhizobium strains mitigates the negative effect of Fe deficiency on plant growth and oxidative stress compared to nitrogen-fertilized plants. The highest auxin producing strain, TII7, preserves relatively high growth and root biomass and length when inoculated to TN8.20 and A17. On the other hand, both TII7 and SII4 strains improve the performance of sensitive genotype TN1.11 through reduction of the negative effect of iron deficiency on chlorophyll and plant Fe content. The bacterial inoculation improved Fe-deficient plant response to oxidative stress via the induction of the activities of antioxidant enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Kallala
- Laboratory of Legumes, Center of Biotechnology of Borj-Cedria (CBBC), Hammam-Lif, Tunisia
- Faculty of Science, University of Tunis El Manar, 2092 Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Wissal M'sehli
- Laboratory of Legumes, Center of Biotechnology of Borj-Cedria (CBBC), Hammam-Lif, Tunisia
| | - Karima Jelali
- Laboratory of Legumes, Center of Biotechnology of Borj-Cedria (CBBC), Hammam-Lif, Tunisia
- Faculty of Science, University of Tunis El Manar, 2092 Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Zribi Kais
- Laboratory of Legumes, Center of Biotechnology of Borj-Cedria (CBBC), Hammam-Lif, Tunisia
| | - Haythem Mhadhbi
- Laboratory of Legumes, Center of Biotechnology of Borj-Cedria (CBBC), Hammam-Lif, Tunisia
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